/**
 * @license
 * lodash 3.6.0 (Custom Build) <https://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash modern -o ./lodash.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2015 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.8.2 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <https://lodash.com/license>
 */
;
(function() {

    /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre-ES5 environments. */
    var undefined;

    /** Used as the semantic version number. */
    var VERSION = '3.6.0';

    /** Used to compose bitmasks for wrapper metadata. */
    var BIND_FLAG = 1,
        BIND_KEY_FLAG = 2,
        CURRY_BOUND_FLAG = 4,
        CURRY_FLAG = 8,
        CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG = 16,
        PARTIAL_FLAG = 32,
        PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG = 64,
        ARY_FLAG = 128,
        REARG_FLAG = 256;

    /** Used as default options for `_.trunc`. */
    var DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30,
        DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = '...';

    /** Used to detect when a function becomes hot. */
    var HOT_COUNT = 150,
        HOT_SPAN = 16;

    /** Used to indicate the type of lazy iteratees. */
    var LAZY_DROP_WHILE_FLAG = 0,
        LAZY_FILTER_FLAG = 1,
        LAZY_MAP_FLAG = 2;

    /** Used as the `TypeError` message for "Functions" methods. */
    var FUNC_ERROR_TEXT = 'Expected a function';

    /** Used as the internal argument placeholder. */
    var PLACEHOLDER = '__lodash_placeholder__';

    /** `Object#toString` result references. */
    var argsTag = '[object Arguments]',
        arrayTag = '[object Array]',
        boolTag = '[object Boolean]',
        dateTag = '[object Date]',
        errorTag = '[object Error]',
        funcTag = '[object Function]',
        mapTag = '[object Map]',
        numberTag = '[object Number]',
        objectTag = '[object Object]',
        regexpTag = '[object RegExp]',
        setTag = '[object Set]',
        stringTag = '[object String]',
        weakMapTag = '[object WeakMap]';

    var arrayBufferTag = '[object ArrayBuffer]',
        float32Tag = '[object Float32Array]',
        float64Tag = '[object Float64Array]',
        int8Tag = '[object Int8Array]',
        int16Tag = '[object Int16Array]',
        int32Tag = '[object Int32Array]',
        uint8Tag = '[object Uint8Array]',
        uint8ClampedTag = '[object Uint8ClampedArray]',
        uint16Tag = '[object Uint16Array]',
        uint32Tag = '[object Uint32Array]';

    /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source. */
    var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
        reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
        reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters. */
    var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39|#96);/g,
        reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"'`]/g,
        reHasEscapedHtml = RegExp(reEscapedHtml.source),
        reHasUnescapedHtml = RegExp(reUnescapedHtml.source);

    /** Used to match template delimiters. */
    var reEscape = /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
        reEvaluate = /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
        reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;

    /**
     * Used to match [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
     */
    var reComboMarks = /[\u0300-\u036f\ufe20-\ufe23]/g;

    /**
     * Used to match [ES template delimiters](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-template-literal-lexical-components).
     */
    var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;

    /** Used to match `RegExp` flags from their coerced string values. */
    var reFlags = /\w*$/;

    /** Used to detect hexadecimal string values. */
    var reHexPrefix = /^0[xX]/;

    /** Used to detect host constructors (Safari > 5). */
    var reHostCtor = /^\[object .+?Constructor\]$/;

    /** Used to match latin-1 supplementary letters (excluding mathematical operators). */
    var reLatin1 = /[\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xde\xdf-\xf6\xf8-\xff]/g;

    /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters. */
    var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

    /**
     * Used to match `RegExp` [special characters](http://www.regular-expressions.info/characters.html#special).
     * In addition to special characters the forward slash is escaped to allow for
     * easier `eval` use and `Function` compilation.
     */
    var reRegExpChars = /[.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\]/g,
        reHasRegExpChars = RegExp(reRegExpChars.source);

    /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals. */
    var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

    /** Used to match words to create compound words. */
    var reWords = (function() {
        var upper = '[A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde]',
            lower = '[a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff]+';

        return RegExp(upper + '+(?=' + upper + lower + ')|' + upper + '?' + lower + '|' + upper + '+|[0-9]+', 'g');
    }());

    /** Used to detect and test for whitespace. */
    var whitespace = (
        // Basic whitespace characters.
        ' \t\x0b\f\xa0\ufeff' +

        // Line terminators.
        '\n\r\u2028\u2029' +

        // Unicode category "Zs" space separators.
        '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
    );

    /** Used to assign default `context` object properties. */
    var contextProps = [
        'Array', 'ArrayBuffer', 'Date', 'Error', 'Float32Array', 'Float64Array',
        'Function', 'Int8Array', 'Int16Array', 'Int32Array', 'Math', 'Number',
        'Object', 'RegExp', 'Set', 'String', '_', 'clearTimeout', 'document',
        'isFinite', 'parseInt', 'setTimeout', 'TypeError', 'Uint8Array',
        'Uint8ClampedArray', 'Uint16Array', 'Uint32Array', 'WeakMap',
        'window'
    ];

    /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify. */
    var templateCounter = -1;

    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values of typed arrays. */
    var typedArrayTags = {};
    typedArrayTags[float32Tag] = typedArrayTags[float64Tag] =
        typedArrayTags[int8Tag] = typedArrayTags[int16Tag] =
        typedArrayTags[int32Tag] = typedArrayTags[uint8Tag] =
        typedArrayTags[uint8ClampedTag] = typedArrayTags[uint16Tag] =
        typedArrayTags[uint32Tag] = true;
    typedArrayTags[argsTag] = typedArrayTags[arrayTag] =
        typedArrayTags[arrayBufferTag] = typedArrayTags[boolTag] =
        typedArrayTags[dateTag] = typedArrayTags[errorTag] =
        typedArrayTags[funcTag] = typedArrayTags[mapTag] =
        typedArrayTags[numberTag] = typedArrayTags[objectTag] =
        typedArrayTags[regexpTag] = typedArrayTags[setTag] =
        typedArrayTags[stringTag] = typedArrayTags[weakMapTag] = false;

    /** Used to identify `toStringTag` values supported by `_.clone`. */
    var cloneableTags = {};
    cloneableTags[argsTag] = cloneableTags[arrayTag] =
        cloneableTags[arrayBufferTag] = cloneableTags[boolTag] =
        cloneableTags[dateTag] = cloneableTags[float32Tag] =
        cloneableTags[float64Tag] = cloneableTags[int8Tag] =
        cloneableTags[int16Tag] = cloneableTags[int32Tag] =
        cloneableTags[numberTag] = cloneableTags[objectTag] =
        cloneableTags[regexpTag] = cloneableTags[stringTag] =
        cloneableTags[uint8Tag] = cloneableTags[uint8ClampedTag] =
        cloneableTags[uint16Tag] = cloneableTags[uint32Tag] = true;
    cloneableTags[errorTag] = cloneableTags[funcTag] =
        cloneableTags[mapTag] = cloneableTags[setTag] =
        cloneableTags[weakMapTag] = false;

    /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object by `_.throttle`. */
    var debounceOptions = {
        'leading': false,
        'maxWait': 0,
        'trailing': false
    };

    /** Used to map latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters. */
    var deburredLetters = {
        '\xc0': 'A',
        '\xc1': 'A',
        '\xc2': 'A',
        '\xc3': 'A',
        '\xc4': 'A',
        '\xc5': 'A',
        '\xe0': 'a',
        '\xe1': 'a',
        '\xe2': 'a',
        '\xe3': 'a',
        '\xe4': 'a',
        '\xe5': 'a',
        '\xc7': 'C',
        '\xe7': 'c',
        '\xd0': 'D',
        '\xf0': 'd',
        '\xc8': 'E',
        '\xc9': 'E',
        '\xca': 'E',
        '\xcb': 'E',
        '\xe8': 'e',
        '\xe9': 'e',
        '\xea': 'e',
        '\xeb': 'e',
        '\xcC': 'I',
        '\xcd': 'I',
        '\xce': 'I',
        '\xcf': 'I',
        '\xeC': 'i',
        '\xed': 'i',
        '\xee': 'i',
        '\xef': 'i',
        '\xd1': 'N',
        '\xf1': 'n',
        '\xd2': 'O',
        '\xd3': 'O',
        '\xd4': 'O',
        '\xd5': 'O',
        '\xd6': 'O',
        '\xd8': 'O',
        '\xf2': 'o',
        '\xf3': 'o',
        '\xf4': 'o',
        '\xf5': 'o',
        '\xf6': 'o',
        '\xf8': 'o',
        '\xd9': 'U',
        '\xda': 'U',
        '\xdb': 'U',
        '\xdc': 'U',
        '\xf9': 'u',
        '\xfa': 'u',
        '\xfb': 'u',
        '\xfc': 'u',
        '\xdd': 'Y',
        '\xfd': 'y',
        '\xff': 'y',
        '\xc6': 'Ae',
        '\xe6': 'ae',
        '\xde': 'Th',
        '\xfe': 'th',
        '\xdf': 'ss'
    };

    /** Used to map characters to HTML entities. */
    var htmlEscapes = {
        '&': '&amp;',
        '<': '&lt;',
        '>': '&gt;',
        '"': '&quot;',
        "'": '&#39;',
        '`': '&#96;'
    };

    /** Used to map HTML entities to characters. */
    var htmlUnescapes = {
        '&amp;': '&',
        '&lt;': '<',
        '&gt;': '>',
        '&quot;': '"',
        '&#39;': "'",
        '&#96;': '`'
    };

    /** Used to determine if values are of the language type `Object`. */
    var objectTypes = {
        'function': true,
        'object': true
    };

    /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals. */
    var stringEscapes = {
        '\\': '\\',
        "'": "'",
        '\n': 'n',
        '\r': 'r',
        '\u2028': 'u2028',
        '\u2029': 'u2029'
    };

    /** Detect free variable `exports`. */
    var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;

    /** Detect free variable `module`. */
    var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;

    /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js. */
    var freeGlobal = freeExports && freeModule && typeof global == 'object' && global;

    /** Detect free variable `self`. */
    var freeSelf = objectTypes[typeof self] && self && self.Object && self;

    /** Detect free variable `window`. */
    var freeWindow = objectTypes[typeof window] && window && window.Object && window;

    /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports`. */
    var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;

    /**
     * Used as a reference to the global object.
     *
     * The `this` value is used if it is the global object to avoid Greasemonkey's
     * restricted `window` object, otherwise the `window` object is used.
     */
    var root = freeGlobal || ((freeWindow !== (this && this.window)) && freeWindow) || freeSelf || this;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The base implementation of `compareAscending` which compares values and
     * sorts them in ascending order without guaranteeing a stable sort.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to compare to `other`.
     * @param {*} other The value to compare to `value`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `value`.
     */
    function baseCompareAscending(value, other) {
        if (value !== other) {
            var valIsReflexive = value === value,
                othIsReflexive = other === other;

            if (value > other || !valIsReflexive || (typeof value == 'undefined' && othIsReflexive)) {
                return 1;
            }
            if (value < other || !othIsReflexive || (typeof other == 'undefined' && valIsReflexive)) {
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.findIndex` and `_.findLastIndex` without
     * support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     */
    function baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight) {
        var length = array.length,
            index = fromRight ? length : -1;

        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
            if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
                return index;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
     */
    function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
        if (value !== value) {
            return indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex);
        }
        var index = fromIndex - 1,
            length = array.length;

        while (++index < length) {
            if (array[index] === value) {
                return index;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isFunction` without support for environments
     * with incorrect `typeof` results.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsFunction(value) {
        // Avoid a Chakra JIT bug in compatibility modes of IE 11.
        // See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/issues/1621 for more details.
        return typeof value == 'function' || false;
    }

    /**
     * Converts `value` to a string if it is not one. An empty string is returned
     * for `null` or `undefined` values.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to process.
     * @returns {string} Returns the string.
     */
    function baseToString(value) {
        if (typeof value == 'string') {
            return value;
        }
        return value == null ? '' : (value + '');
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback for string values.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of the first character of the string.
     */
    function charAtCallback(string) {
        return string.charCodeAt(0);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first character
     * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first character not found in `chars`.
     */
    function charsLeftIndex(string, chars) {
        var index = -1,
            length = string.length;

        while (++index < length && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {}
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last character
     * of `string` that is not found in `chars`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @param {string} chars The characters to find.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last character not found in `chars`.
     */
    function charsRightIndex(string, chars) {
        var index = string.length;

        while (index-- && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {}
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.sortBy` to compare transformed elements of a collection and stable
     * sort them in ascending order.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare to `other`.
     * @param {Object} other The object to compare to `object`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
     */
    function compareAscending(object, other) {
        return baseCompareAscending(object.criteria, other.criteria) || (object.index - other.index);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.sortByOrder` to compare multiple properties of each element
     * in a collection and stable sort them in the following order:
     *
     * If orders is unspecified, sort in ascending order for all properties.
     * Otherwise, for each property, sort in ascending order if its corresponding value in
     * orders is true, and descending order if false.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The object to compare to `other`.
     * @param {Object} other The object to compare to `object`.
     * @param {boolean[]} orders The order to sort by for each property.
     * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator for `object`.
     */
    function compareMultiple(object, other, orders) {
        var index = -1,
            objCriteria = object.criteria,
            othCriteria = other.criteria,
            length = objCriteria.length,
            ordersLength = orders.length;

        while (++index < length) {
            var result = baseCompareAscending(objCriteria[index], othCriteria[index]);
            if (result) {
                if (index >= ordersLength) {
                    return result;
                }
                return result * (orders[index] ? 1 : -1);
            }
        }
        // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
        // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to provide the same value for
        // `object` and `other`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
        // for more details.
        //
        // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
        // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90 for more details.
        return object.index - other.index;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.deburr` to convert latin-1 supplementary letters to basic latin letters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} letter The matched letter to deburr.
     * @returns {string} Returns the deburred letter.
     */
    function deburrLetter(letter) {
        return deburredLetters[letter];
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeHtmlChar(chr) {
        return htmlEscapes[chr];
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
     * string literals.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeStringChar(chr) {
        return '\\' + stringEscapes[chr];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `NaN` is found in `array`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {number} fromIndex The index to search from.
     * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched `NaN`, else `-1`.
     */
    function indexOfNaN(array, fromIndex, fromRight) {
        var length = array.length,
            index = fromIndex + (fromRight ? 0 : -1);

        while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
            var other = array[index];
            if (other !== other) {
                return index;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is object-like.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is object-like, else `false`.
     */
    function isObjectLike(value) {
        return !!value && typeof value == 'object';
    }

    /**
     * Used by `trimmedLeftIndex` and `trimmedRightIndex` to determine if a
     * character code is whitespace.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} charCode The character code to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `charCode` is whitespace, else `false`.
     */
    function isSpace(charCode) {
        return ((charCode <= 160 && (charCode >= 9 && charCode <= 13) || charCode == 32 || charCode == 160) || charCode == 5760 || charCode == 6158 ||
            (charCode >= 8192 && (charCode <= 8202 || charCode == 8232 || charCode == 8233 || charCode == 8239 || charCode == 8287 || charCode == 12288 || charCode == 65279)));
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all `placeholder` elements in `array` with an internal placeholder
     * and returns an array of their indexes.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {*} placeholder The placeholder to replace.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of placeholder indexes.
     */
    function replaceHolders(array, placeholder) {
        var index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = [];

        while (++index < length) {
            if (array[index] === placeholder) {
                array[index] = PLACEHOLDER;
                result[++resIndex] = index;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * An implementation of `_.uniq` optimized for sorted arrays without support
     * for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate-value-free array.
     */
    function sortedUniq(array, iteratee) {
        var seen,
            index = -1,
            length = array.length,
            resIndex = -1,
            result = [];

        while (++index < length) {
            var value = array[index],
                computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;

            if (!index || seen !== computed) {
                seen = computed;
                result[++resIndex] = value;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimLeft` to get the index of the first non-whitespace
     * character of `string`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the first non-whitespace character.
     */
    function trimmedLeftIndex(string) {
        var index = -1,
            length = string.length;

        while (++index < length && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.trim` and `_.trimRight` to get the index of the last non-whitespace
     * character of `string`.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} string The string to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the last non-whitespace character.
     */
    function trimmedRightIndex(string) {
        var index = string.length;

        while (index-- && isSpace(string.charCodeAt(index))) {}
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * Used by `_.unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} chr The matched character to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
     */
    function unescapeHtmlChar(chr) {
        return htmlUnescapes[chr];
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Create a new pristine `lodash` function using the given `context` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utility
     * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a new `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'foo': _.constant('foo') });
     *
     * var lodash = _.runInContext();
     * lodash.mixin({ 'bar': lodash.constant('bar') });
     *
     * _.isFunction(_.foo);
     * // => true
     * _.isFunction(_.bar);
     * // => false
     *
     * lodash.isFunction(lodash.foo);
     * // => false
     * lodash.isFunction(lodash.bar);
     * // => true
     *
     * // using `context` to mock `Date#getTime` use in `_.now`
     * var mock = _.runInContext({
     *   'Date': function() {
     *     return { 'getTime': getTimeMock };
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * // or creating a suped-up `defer` in Node.js
     * var defer = _.runInContext({ 'setTimeout': setImmediate }).defer;
     */
    function runInContext(context) {
        // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
        // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
        // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
        // See https://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5 for more details.
        context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;

        /** Native constructor references. */
        var Array = context.Array,
            Date = context.Date,
            Error = context.Error,
            Function = context.Function,
            Math = context.Math,
            Number = context.Number,
            Object = context.Object,
            RegExp = context.RegExp,
            String = context.String,
            TypeError = context.TypeError;

        /** Used for native method references. */
        var arrayProto = Array.prototype,
            objectProto = Object.prototype,
            stringProto = String.prototype;

        /** Used to detect DOM support. */
        var document = (document = context.window) && document.document;

        /** Used to resolve the decompiled source of functions. */
        var fnToString = Function.prototype.toString;

        /** Used to the length of n-tuples for `_.unzip`. */
        var getLength = baseProperty('length');

        /** Used to check objects for own properties. */
        var hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty;

        /** Used to generate unique IDs. */
        var idCounter = 0;

        /**
         * Used to resolve the [`toStringTag`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-object.prototype.tostring)
         * of values.
         */
        var objToString = objectProto.toString;

        /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `_.noConflict`. */
        var oldDash = context._;

        /** Used to detect if a method is native. */
        var reNative = RegExp('^' +
            escapeRegExp(objToString)
            .replace(/toString|(function).*?(?=\\\()| for .+?(?=\\\])/g, '$1.*?') + '$'
        );

        /** Native method references. */
        var ArrayBuffer = isNative(ArrayBuffer = context.ArrayBuffer) && ArrayBuffer,
            bufferSlice = isNative(bufferSlice = ArrayBuffer && new ArrayBuffer(0).slice) && bufferSlice,
            ceil = Math.ceil,
            clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
            floor = Math.floor,
            getPrototypeOf = isNative(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
            push = arrayProto.push,
            propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
            Set = isNative(Set = context.Set) && Set,
            setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
            splice = arrayProto.splice,
            Uint8Array = isNative(Uint8Array = context.Uint8Array) && Uint8Array,
            WeakMap = isNative(WeakMap = context.WeakMap) && WeakMap;

        /** Used to clone array buffers. */
        var Float64Array = (function() {
            // Safari 5 errors when using an array buffer to initialize a typed array
            // where the array buffer's `byteLength` is not a multiple of the typed
            // array's `BYTES_PER_ELEMENT`.
            try {
                var func = isNative(func = context.Float64Array) && func,
                    result = new func(new ArrayBuffer(10), 0, 1) && func;
            } catch (e) {}
            return result;
        }());

        /* Native method references for those with the same name as other `lodash` methods. */
        var nativeIsArray = isNative(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
            nativeCreate = isNative(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
            nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
            nativeKeys = isNative(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
            nativeMax = Math.max,
            nativeMin = Math.min,
            nativeNow = isNative(nativeNow = Date.now) && nativeNow,
            nativeNumIsFinite = isNative(nativeNumIsFinite = Number.isFinite) && nativeNumIsFinite,
            nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
            nativeRandom = Math.random;

        /** Used as references for `-Infinity` and `Infinity`. */
        var NEGATIVE_INFINITY = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
            POSITIVE_INFINITY = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

        /** Used as references for the maximum length and index of an array. */
        var MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = Math.pow(2, 32) - 1,
            MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH - 1,
            HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH = MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH >>> 1;

        /** Used as the size, in bytes, of each `Float64Array` element. */
        var FLOAT64_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT = Float64Array ? Float64Array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT : 0;

        /**
         * Used as the [maximum length](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-number.max_safe_integer)
         * of an array-like value.
         */
        var MAX_SAFE_INTEGER = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;

        /** Used to store function metadata. */
        var metaMap = WeakMap && new WeakMap;

        /** Used to lookup unminified function names. */
        var realNames = {};

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps `value` to enable implicit chaining.
         * Methods that operate on and return arrays, collections, and functions can
         * be chained together. Methods that return a boolean or single value will
         * automatically end the chain returning the unwrapped value. Explicit chaining
         * may be enabled using `_.chain`. The execution of chained methods is lazy,
         * that is, execution is deferred until `_#value` is implicitly or explicitly
         * called.
         *
         * Lazy evaluation allows several methods to support shortcut fusion. Shortcut
         * fusion is an optimization that merges iteratees to avoid creating intermediate
         * arrays and reduce the number of iteratee executions.
         *
         * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `_#value` method is
         * directly or indirectly included in the build.
         *
         * In addition to lodash methods, wrappers have `Array` and `String` methods.
         *
         * The wrapper `Array` methods are:
         * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`,
         * `splice`, and `unshift`
         *
         * The wrapper `String` methods are:
         * `replace` and `split`
         *
         * The wrapper methods that support shortcut fusion are:
         * `compact`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `filter`,
         * `first`, `initial`, `last`, `map`, `pluck`, `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`,
         * `slice`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `toArray`,
         * and `where`
         *
         * The chainable wrapper methods are:
         * `after`, `ary`, `assign`, `at`, `before`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`,
         * `callback`, `chain`, `chunk`, `commit`, `compact`, `concat`, `constant`,
         * `countBy`, `create`, `curry`, `debounce`, `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`,
         * `difference`, `drop`, `dropRight`, `dropRightWhile`, `dropWhile`, `fill`,
         * `filter`, `flatten`, `flattenDeep`, `flow`, `flowRight`, `forEach`,
         * `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`, `functions`,
         * `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`, `invoke`, `keys`,
         * `keysIn`, `map`, `mapValues`, `matches`, `matchesProperty`, `memoize`, `merge`,
         * `mixin`, `negate`, `noop`, `omit`, `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`,
         * `partition`, `pick`, `plant`, `pluck`, `property`, `propertyOf`, `pull`,
         * `pullAt`, `push`, `range`, `rearg`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`,
         * `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `sortByAll`, `sortByOrder`, `splice`,
         * `spread`, `take`, `takeRight`, `takeRightWhile`, `takeWhile`, `tap`,
         * `throttle`, `thru`, `times`, `toArray`, `toPlainObject`, `transform`,
         * `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `values`, `valuesIn`, `where`,
         * `without`, `wrap`, `xor`, `zip`, and `zipObject`
         *
         * The wrapper methods that are **not** chainable by default are:
         * `add`, `attempt`, `camelCase`, `capitalize`, `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `deburr`,
         * `endsWith`, `escape`, `escapeRegExp`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`, `findKey`,
         * `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `findWhere`, `first`, `has`,
         * `identity`, `includes`, `indexOf`, `inRange`, `isArguments`, `isArray`,
         * `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isError`,
         * `isFinite`,`isFunction`, `isMatch`, `isNative`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
         * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`,
         * `isTypedArray`, `join`, `kebabCase`, `last`, `lastIndexOf`, `max`, `min`,
         * `noConflict`, `now`, `pad`, `padLeft`, `padRight`, `parseInt`, `pop`,
         * `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `repeat`, `result`, `runInContext`,
         * `shift`, `size`, `snakeCase`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `sortedLastIndex`,
         * `startCase`, `startsWith`, `sum`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`,
         * `trimRight`, `trunc`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, `value`, and `words`
         *
         * The wrapper method `sample` will return a wrapped value when `n` is provided,
         * otherwise an unwrapped value is returned.
         *
         * @name _
         * @constructor
         * @category Chain
         * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
         *
         * // returns an unwrapped value
         * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, n) {
         *   return sum + n;
         * });
         * // => 6
         *
         * // returns a wrapped value
         * var squares = wrapped.map(function(n) {
         *   return n * n;
         * });
         *
         * _.isArray(squares);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isArray(squares.value());
         * // => true
         */
        function lodash(value) {
            if (isObjectLike(value) && !isArray(value) && !(value instanceof LazyWrapper)) {
                if (value instanceof LodashWrapper) {
                    return value;
                }
                if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__chain__') && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__')) {
                    return wrapperClone(value);
                }
            }
            return new LodashWrapper(value);
        }

        /**
         * The function whose prototype all chaining wrappers inherit from.
         *
         * @private
         */
        function baseLodash() {
            // No operation performed.
        }

        /**
         * The base constructor for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
         * @param {boolean} [chainAll] Enable chaining for all wrapper methods.
         * @param {Array} [actions=[]] Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
         */
        function LodashWrapper(value, chainAll, actions) {
            this.__wrapped__ = value;
            this.__actions__ = actions || [];
            this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
        }

        /**
         * An object environment feature flags.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @type Object
         */
        var support = lodash.support = {};

        (function(x) {

            /**
             * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`
             * (all but Firefox OS certified apps, older Opera mobile browsers, and
             * the PlayStation 3; forced `false` for Windows 8 apps).
             *
             * @memberOf _.support
             * @type boolean
             */
            support.funcDecomp = /\bthis\b/.test(function() {
                return this;
            });

            /**
             * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).
             *
             * @memberOf _.support
             * @type boolean
             */
            support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';

            /**
             * Detect if the DOM is supported.
             *
             * @memberOf _.support
             * @type boolean
             */
            try {
                support.dom = document.createDocumentFragment().nodeType === 11;
            } catch (e) {
                support.dom = false;
            }

            /**
             * Detect if `arguments` object indexes are non-enumerable.
             *
             * In Firefox < 4, IE < 9, PhantomJS, and Safari < 5.1 `arguments` object
             * indexes are non-enumerable. Chrome < 25 and Node.js < 0.11.0 treat
             * `arguments` object indexes as non-enumerable and fail `hasOwnProperty`
             * checks for indexes that exceed their function's formal parameters with
             * associated values of `0`.
             *
             * @memberOf _.support
             * @type boolean
             */
            try {
                support.nonEnumArgs = !propertyIsEnumerable.call(arguments, 1);
            } catch (e) {
                support.nonEnumArgs = true;
            }
        }(0, 0));

        /**
         * By default, the template delimiters used by lodash are like those in
         * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use
         * alternative delimiters.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @type Object
         */
        lodash.templateSettings = {

            /**
             * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
             *
             * @memberOf _.templateSettings
             * @type RegExp
             */
            'escape': reEscape,

            /**
             * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
             *
             * @memberOf _.templateSettings
             * @type RegExp
             */
            'evaluate': reEvaluate,

            /**
             * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
             *
             * @memberOf _.templateSettings
             * @type RegExp
             */
            'interpolate': reInterpolate,

            /**
             * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
             *
             * @memberOf _.templateSettings
             * @type string
             */
            'variable': '',

            /**
             * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
             *
             * @memberOf _.templateSettings
             * @type Object
             */
            'imports': {

                /**
                 * A reference to the `lodash` function.
                 *
                 * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
                 * @type Function
                 */
                '_': lodash
            }
        };

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates a lazy wrapper object which wraps `value` to enable lazy evaluation.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
         */
        function LazyWrapper(value) {
            this.__wrapped__ = value;
            this.__actions__ = null;
            this.__dir__ = 1;
            this.__dropCount__ = 0;
            this.__filtered__ = false;
            this.__iteratees__ = null;
            this.__takeCount__ = POSITIVE_INFINITY;
            this.__views__ = null;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a clone of the lazy wrapper object.
         *
         * @private
         * @name clone
         * @memberOf LazyWrapper
         * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned `LazyWrapper` object.
         */
        function lazyClone() {
            var actions = this.__actions__,
                iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
                views = this.__views__,
                result = new LazyWrapper(this.__wrapped__);

            result.__actions__ = actions ? arrayCopy(actions) : null;
            result.__dir__ = this.__dir__;
            result.__filtered__ = this.__filtered__;
            result.__iteratees__ = iteratees ? arrayCopy(iteratees) : null;
            result.__takeCount__ = this.__takeCount__;
            result.__views__ = views ? arrayCopy(views) : null;
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Reverses the direction of lazy iteration.
         *
         * @private
         * @name reverse
         * @memberOf LazyWrapper
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `LazyWrapper` object.
         */
        function lazyReverse() {
            if (this.__filtered__) {
                var result = new LazyWrapper(this);
                result.__dir__ = -1;
                result.__filtered__ = true;
            } else {
                result = this.clone();
                result.__dir__ *= -1;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Extracts the unwrapped value from its lazy wrapper.
         *
         * @private
         * @name value
         * @memberOf LazyWrapper
         * @returns {*} Returns the unwrapped value.
         */
        function lazyValue() {
            var array = this.__wrapped__.value();
            if (!isArray(array)) {
                return baseWrapperValue(array, this.__actions__);
            }
            var dir = this.__dir__,
                isRight = dir < 0,
                view = getView(0, array.length, this.__views__),
                start = view.start,
                end = view.end,
                length = end - start,
                index = isRight ? end : (start - 1),
                takeCount = nativeMin(length, this.__takeCount__),
                iteratees = this.__iteratees__,
                iterLength = iteratees ? iteratees.length : 0,
                resIndex = 0,
                result = [];

            outer:
                while (length-- && resIndex < takeCount) {
                    index += dir;

                    var iterIndex = -1,
                        value = array[index];

                    while (++iterIndex < iterLength) {
                        var data = iteratees[iterIndex],
                            iteratee = data.iteratee,
                            type = data.type;

                        if (type == LAZY_DROP_WHILE_FLAG) {
                            if (data.done && (isRight ? (index > data.index) : (index < data.index))) {
                                data.count = 0;
                                data.done = false;
                            }
                            data.index = index;
                            if (!data.done) {
                                var limit = data.limit;
                                if (!(data.done = limit > -1 ? (data.count++ >= limit) : !iteratee(value))) {
                                    continue outer;
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            var computed = iteratee(value);
                            if (type == LAZY_MAP_FLAG) {
                                value = computed;
                            } else if (!computed) {
                                if (type == LAZY_FILTER_FLAG) {
                                    continue outer;
                                } else {
                                    break outer;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    result[resIndex++] = value;
                }
            return result;
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates a cache object to store key/value pairs.
         *
         * @private
         * @static
         * @name Cache
         * @memberOf _.memoize
         */
        function MapCache() {
            this.__data__ = {};
        }

        /**
         * Removes `key` and its value from the cache.
         *
         * @private
         * @name delete
         * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
         * @param {string} key The key of the value to remove.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the entry was removed successfully, else `false`.
         */
        function mapDelete(key) {
            return this.has(key) && delete this.__data__[key];
        }

        /**
         * Gets the cached value for `key`.
         *
         * @private
         * @name get
         * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
         * @param {string} key The key of the value to get.
         * @returns {*} Returns the cached value.
         */
        function mapGet(key) {
            return key == '__proto__' ? undefined : this.__data__[key];
        }

        /**
         * Checks if a cached value for `key` exists.
         *
         * @private
         * @name has
         * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
         * @param {string} key The key of the entry to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if an entry for `key` exists, else `false`.
         */
        function mapHas(key) {
            return key != '__proto__' && hasOwnProperty.call(this.__data__, key);
        }

        /**
         * Adds `value` to `key` of the cache.
         *
         * @private
         * @name set
         * @memberOf _.memoize.Cache
         * @param {string} key The key of the value to cache.
         * @param {*} value The value to cache.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the cache object.
         */
        function mapSet(key, value) {
            if (key != '__proto__') {
                this.__data__[key] = value;
            }
            return this;
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         *
         * Creates a cache object to store unique values.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
         */
        function SetCache(values) {
            var length = values ? values.length : 0;

            this.data = {
                'hash': nativeCreate(null),
                'set': new Set
            };
            while (length--) {
                this.push(values[length]);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is in `cache` mimicking the return signature of
         * `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} cache The cache to search.
         * @param {*} value The value to search for.
         * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
         */
        function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
            var data = cache.data,
                result = (typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value)) ? data.set.has(value) : data.hash[value];

            return result ? 0 : -1;
        }

        /**
         * Adds `value` to the cache.
         *
         * @private
         * @name push
         * @memberOf SetCache
         * @param {*} value The value to cache.
         */
        function cachePush(value) {
            var data = this.data;
            if (typeof value == 'string' || isObject(value)) {
                data.set.add(value);
            } else {
                data.hash[value] = true;
            }
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Copies the values of `source` to `array`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} source The array to copy values from.
         * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to copy values to.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function arrayCopy(source, array) {
            var index = -1,
                length = source.length;

            array || (array = Array(length));
            while (++index < length) {
                array[index] = source[index];
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.forEach` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function arrayEach(array, iteratee) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                if (iteratee(array[index], index, array) === false) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.forEachRight` for arrays without support for
         * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function arrayEachRight(array, iteratee) {
            var length = array.length;

            while (length--) {
                if (iteratee(array[length], length, array) === false) {
                    break;
                }
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.every` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
         *  else `false`.
         */
        function arrayEvery(array, predicate) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                if (!predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.filter` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
         */
        function arrayFilter(array, predicate) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length,
                resIndex = -1,
                result = [];

            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];
                if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
                    result[++resIndex] = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.map` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
         */
        function arrayMap(array, iteratee) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length,
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = iteratee(array[index], index, array);
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.max` for arrays without support for iteratees.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
         */
        function arrayMax(array) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length,
                result = NEGATIVE_INFINITY;

            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];
                if (value > result) {
                    result = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.min` for arrays without support for iteratees.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
         */
        function arrayMin(array) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length,
                result = POSITIVE_INFINITY;

            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];
                if (value < result) {
                    result = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.reduce` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
         * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the first element of `array`
         *  as the initial value.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         */
        function arrayReduce(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length;

            if (initFromArray && length) {
                accumulator = array[++index];
            }
            while (++index < length) {
                accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[index], index, array);
            }
            return accumulator;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.reduceRight` for arrays without support for
         * callback shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
         * @param {boolean} [initFromArray] Specify using the last element of `array`
         *  as the initial value.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         */
        function arrayReduceRight(array, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) {
            var length = array.length;
            if (initFromArray && length) {
                accumulator = array[--length];
            }
            while (length--) {
                accumulator = iteratee(accumulator, array[length], length, array);
            }
            return accumulator;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.some` for arrays without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
         *  else `false`.
         */
        function arraySome(array, predicate) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                if (predicate(array[index], index, array)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.sum` for arrays without support for iteratees.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
         * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
         */
        function arraySum(array) {
            var length = array.length,
                result = 0;

            while (length--) {
                result += +array[length] || 0;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Used by `_.defaults` to customize its `_.assign` use.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
         * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
         * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
         */
        function assignDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue) {
            return typeof objectValue == 'undefined' ? sourceValue : objectValue;
        }

        /**
         * Used by `_.template` to customize its `_.assign` use.
         *
         * **Note:** This method is like `assignDefaults` except that it ignores
         * inherited property values when checking if a property is `undefined`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} objectValue The destination object property value.
         * @param {*} sourceValue The source object property value.
         * @param {string} key The key associated with the object and source values.
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @returns {*} Returns the value to assign to the destination object.
         */
        function assignOwnDefaults(objectValue, sourceValue, key, object) {
            return (typeof objectValue == 'undefined' || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) ? sourceValue : objectValue;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.assign` without support for argument juggling,
         * multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {Object} source The source object.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigning values.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
         */
        function baseAssign(object, source, customizer) {
            var props = keys(source);
            if (!customizer) {
                return baseCopy(source, object, props);
            }
            var index = -1,
                length = props.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index],
                    value = object[key],
                    result = customizer(value, source[key], key, object, source);

                if ((result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)) ||
                    (typeof value == 'undefined' && !(key in object))) {
                    object[key] = result;
                }
            }
            return object;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.at` without support for strings and individual
         * key arguments.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {number[]|string[]} [props] The property names or indexes of elements to pick.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
         */
        function baseAt(collection, props) {
            var index = -1,
                length = collection.length,
                isArr = isLength(length),
                propsLength = props.length,
                result = Array(propsLength);

            while (++index < propsLength) {
                var key = props[index];
                if (isArr) {
                    key = parseFloat(key);
                    result[index] = isIndex(key, length) ? collection[key] : undefined;
                } else {
                    result[index] = collection[key];
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Copies the properties of `source` to `object`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} source The object to copy properties from.
         * @param {Object} [object={}] The object to copy properties to.
         * @param {Array} props The property names to copy.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        function baseCopy(source, object, props) {
            if (!props) {
                props = object;
                object = {};
            }
            var index = -1,
                length = props.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index];
                object[key] = source[key];
            }
            return object;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.callback` which supports specifying the
         * number of arguments to provide to `func`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
         */
        function baseCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
            var type = typeof func;
            if (type == 'function') {
                return typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? func : bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
            }
            if (func == null) {
                return identity;
            }
            if (type == 'object') {
                return baseMatches(func);
            }
            return typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? baseProperty(func + '') : baseMatchesProperty(func + '', thisArg);
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.clone` without support for argument juggling
         * and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to clone.
         * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
         * @param {string} [key] The key of `value`.
         * @param {Object} [object] The object `value` belongs to.
         * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
         * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
         */
        function baseClone(value, isDeep, customizer, key, object, stackA, stackB) {
            var result;
            if (customizer) {
                result = object ? customizer(value, key, object) : customizer(value);
            }
            if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
                return result;
            }
            if (!isObject(value)) {
                return value;
            }
            var isArr = isArray(value);
            if (isArr) {
                result = initCloneArray(value);
                if (!isDeep) {
                    return arrayCopy(value, result);
                }
            } else {
                var tag = objToString.call(value),
                    isFunc = tag == funcTag;

                if (tag == objectTag || tag == argsTag || (isFunc && !object)) {
                    result = initCloneObject(isFunc ? {} : value);
                    if (!isDeep) {
                        return baseCopy(value, result, keys(value));
                    }
                } else {
                    return cloneableTags[tag] ? initCloneByTag(value, tag, isDeep) : (object ? value : {});
                }
            }
            // Check for circular references and return corresponding clone.
            stackA || (stackA = []);
            stackB || (stackB = []);

            var length = stackA.length;
            while (length--) {
                if (stackA[length] == value) {
                    return stackB[length];
                }
            }
            // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate it with its clone.
            stackA.push(value);
            stackB.push(result);

            // Recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits).
            (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(value, function(subValue, key) {
                result[key] = baseClone(subValue, isDeep, customizer, key, value, stackA, stackB);
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
         * properties to the created object.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         */
        var baseCreate = (function() {
            function Object() {}
            return function(prototype) {
                if (isObject(prototype)) {
                    Object.prototype = prototype;
                    var result = new Object;
                    Object.prototype = null;
                }
                return result || context.Object();
            };
        }());

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.delay` and `_.defer` which accepts an index
         * of where to slice the arguments to provide to `func`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
         * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
         * @param {Object} args The arguments provide to `func`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
         */
        function baseDelay(func, wait, args) {
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            return setTimeout(function() {
                func.apply(undefined, args);
            }, wait);
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.difference` which accepts a single array
         * of values to exclude.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
         * @param {Array} values The values to exclude.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
         */
        function baseDifference(array, values) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0,
                result = [];

            if (!length) {
                return result;
            }
            var index = -1,
                indexOf = getIndexOf(),
                isCommon = indexOf == baseIndexOf,
                cache = (isCommon && values.length >= 200) ? createCache(values) : null,
                valuesLength = values.length;

            if (cache) {
                indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
                isCommon = false;
                values = cache;
            }
            outer:
                while (++index < length) {
                    var value = array[index];

                    if (isCommon && value === value) {
                        var valuesIndex = valuesLength;
                        while (valuesIndex--) {
                            if (values[valuesIndex] === value) {
                                continue outer;
                            }
                        }
                        result.push(value);
                    } else if (indexOf(values, value, 0) < 0) {
                        result.push(value);
                    }
                }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.forEach` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
         */
        var baseEach = createBaseEach(baseForOwn);

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.forEachRight` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
         */
        var baseEachRight = createBaseEach(baseForOwnRight, true);

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.every` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
         *  else `false`
         */
        function baseEvery(collection, predicate) {
            var result = true;
            baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                result = !!predicate(value, index, collection);
                return result;
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.fill` without an iteratee call guard.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
         * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
         * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function baseFill(array, value, start, end) {
            var length = array.length;

            start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
            if (start < 0) {
                start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
            }
            end = (typeof end == 'undefined' || end > length) ? length : (+end || 0);
            if (end < 0) {
                end += length;
            }
            length = start > end ? 0 : (end >>> 0);
            start >>>= 0;

            while (start < length) {
                array[start++] = value;
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.filter` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
         */
        function baseFilter(collection, predicate) {
            var result = [];
            baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                if (predicate(value, index, collection)) {
                    result.push(value);
                }
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.find`, `_.findLast`, `_.findKey`, and `_.findLastKey`,
         * without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates
         * over `collection` using the provided `eachFunc`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
         * @param {boolean} [retKey] Specify returning the key of the found element
         *  instead of the element itself.
         * @returns {*} Returns the found element or its key, else `undefined`.
         */
        function baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc, retKey) {
            var result;
            eachFunc(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
                if (predicate(value, key, collection)) {
                    result = retKey ? key : value;
                    return false;
                }
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.flatten` with added support for restricting
         * flattening and specifying the start index.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
         * @param {boolean} isDeep Specify a deep flatten.
         * @param {boolean} isStrict Restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
         */
        function baseFlatten(array, isDeep, isStrict) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length,
                resIndex = -1,
                result = [];

            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];

                if (isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
                    if (isDeep) {
                        // Recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
                        value = baseFlatten(value, isDeep, isStrict);
                    }
                    var valIndex = -1,
                        valLength = value.length;

                    result.length += valLength;
                    while (++valIndex < valLength) {
                        result[++resIndex] = value[valIndex];
                    }
                } else if (!isStrict) {
                    result[++resIndex] = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `baseForIn` and `baseForOwn` which iterates
         * over `object` properties returned by `keysFunc` invoking `iteratee` for
         * each property. Iterator functions may exit iteration early by explicitly
         * returning `false`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        var baseFor = createBaseFor();

        /**
         * This function is like `baseFor` except that it iterates over properties
         * in the opposite order.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {Function} keysFunc The function to get the keys of `object`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        var baseForRight = createBaseFor(true);

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.forIn` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        function baseForIn(object, iteratee) {
            return baseFor(object, iteratee, keysIn);
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.forOwn` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        function baseForOwn(object, iteratee) {
            return baseFor(object, iteratee, keys);
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.forOwnRight` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         */
        function baseForOwnRight(object, iteratee) {
            return baseForRight(object, iteratee, keys);
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.functions` which creates an array of
         * `object` function property names filtered from those provided.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @param {Array} props The property names to filter.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered property names.
         */
        function baseFunctions(object, props) {
            var index = -1,
                length = props.length,
                resIndex = -1,
                result = [];

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index];
                if (isFunction(object[key])) {
                    result[++resIndex] = key;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.isEqual` without support for `this` binding
         * `customizer` functions.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to compare.
         * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
         * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
         * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
            // Exit early for identical values.
            if (value === other) {
                // Treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal.
                return value !== 0 || (1 / value == 1 / other);
            }
            var valType = typeof value,
                othType = typeof other;

            // Exit early for unlike primitive values.
            if ((valType != 'function' && valType != 'object' && othType != 'function' && othType != 'object') ||
                value == null || other == null) {
                // Return `false` unless both values are `NaN`.
                return value !== value && other !== other;
            }
            return baseIsEqualDeep(value, other, baseIsEqual, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseIsEqual` for arrays and objects which performs
         * deep comparisons and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
         * references to be compared.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
         * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
         * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
         * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
         * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function baseIsEqualDeep(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
            var objIsArr = isArray(object),
                othIsArr = isArray(other),
                objTag = arrayTag,
                othTag = arrayTag;

            if (!objIsArr) {
                objTag = objToString.call(object);
                if (objTag == argsTag) {
                    objTag = objectTag;
                } else if (objTag != objectTag) {
                    objIsArr = isTypedArray(object);
                }
            }
            if (!othIsArr) {
                othTag = objToString.call(other);
                if (othTag == argsTag) {
                    othTag = objectTag;
                } else if (othTag != objectTag) {
                    othIsArr = isTypedArray(other);
                }
            }
            var objIsObj = (objTag == objectTag || (isLoose && objTag == funcTag)),
                othIsObj = (othTag == objectTag || (isLoose && othTag == funcTag)),
                isSameTag = objTag == othTag;

            if (isSameTag && !(objIsArr || objIsObj)) {
                return equalByTag(object, other, objTag);
            }
            if (isLoose) {
                if (!isSameTag && !(objIsObj && othIsObj)) {
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                var valWrapped = objIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(object, '__wrapped__'),
                    othWrapped = othIsObj && hasOwnProperty.call(other, '__wrapped__');

                if (valWrapped || othWrapped) {
                    return equalFunc(valWrapped ? object.value() : object, othWrapped ? other.value() : other, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
                }
                if (!isSameTag) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            // Assume cyclic values are equal.
            // For more information on detecting circular references see https://es5.github.io/#JO.
            stackA || (stackA = []);
            stackB || (stackB = []);

            var length = stackA.length;
            while (length--) {
                if (stackA[length] == object) {
                    return stackB[length] == other;
                }
            }
            // Add `object` and `other` to the stack of traversed objects.
            stackA.push(object);
            stackB.push(other);

            var result = (objIsArr ? equalArrays : equalObjects)(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);

            stackA.pop();
            stackB.pop();

            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.isMatch` without support for callback
         * shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @param {Array} props The source property names to match.
         * @param {Array} values The source values to match.
         * @param {Array} strictCompareFlags Strict comparison flags for source values.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing objects.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
         */
        function baseIsMatch(object, props, values, strictCompareFlags, customizer) {
            var index = -1,
                length = props.length,
                noCustomizer = !customizer;

            while (++index < length) {
                if ((noCustomizer && strictCompareFlags[index]) ? values[index] !== object[props[index]] : !(props[index] in object)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            index = -1;
            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index],
                    objValue = object[key],
                    srcValue = values[index];

                if (noCustomizer && strictCompareFlags[index]) {
                    var result = typeof objValue != 'undefined' || (key in object);
                } else {
                    result = customizer ? customizer(objValue, srcValue, key) : undefined;
                    if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
                        result = baseIsEqual(srcValue, objValue, customizer, true);
                    }
                }
                if (!result) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.map` without support for callback shorthands
         * and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
         */
        function baseMap(collection, iteratee) {
            var result = [];
            baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
                result.push(iteratee(value, key, collection));
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.matches` which does not clone `source`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         */
        function baseMatches(source) {
            var props = keys(source),
                length = props.length;

            if (!length) {
                return constant(true);
            }
            if (length == 1) {
                var key = props[0],
                    value = source[key];

                if (isStrictComparable(value)) {
                    return function(object) {
                        return object != null && object[key] === value &&
                            (typeof value != 'undefined' || (key in toObject(object)));
                    };
                }
            }
            var values = Array(length),
                strictCompareFlags = Array(length);

            while (length--) {
                value = source[props[length]];
                values[length] = value;
                strictCompareFlags[length] = isStrictComparable(value);
            }
            return function(object) {
                return object != null && baseIsMatch(toObject(object), props, values, strictCompareFlags);
            };
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.matchesProperty` which does not coerce `key`
         * to a string.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
         * @param {*} value The value to compare.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         */
        function baseMatchesProperty(key, value) {
            if (isStrictComparable(value)) {
                return function(object) {
                    return object != null && object[key] === value &&
                        (typeof value != 'undefined' || (key in toObject(object)));
                };
            }
            return function(object) {
                return object != null && baseIsEqual(value, object[key], null, true);
            };
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.merge` without support for argument juggling,
         * multiple sources, and `this` binding `customizer` functions.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {Object} source The source object.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merging properties.
         * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
         */
        function baseMerge(object, source, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
            if (!isObject(object)) {
                return object;
            }
            var isSrcArr = isLength(source.length) && (isArray(source) || isTypedArray(source));
            (isSrcArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(source, function(srcValue, key, source) {
                if (isObjectLike(srcValue)) {
                    stackA || (stackA = []);
                    stackB || (stackB = []);
                    return baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, baseMerge, customizer, stackA, stackB);
                }
                var value = object[key],
                    result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined,
                    isCommon = typeof result == 'undefined';

                if (isCommon) {
                    result = srcValue;
                }
                if ((isSrcArr || typeof result != 'undefined') &&
                    (isCommon || (result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)))) {
                    object[key] = result;
                }
            });
            return object;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseMerge` for arrays and objects which performs
         * deep merges and tracks traversed objects enabling objects with circular
         * references to be merged.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {Object} source The source object.
         * @param {string} key The key of the value to merge.
         * @param {Function} mergeFunc The function to merge values.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merging properties.
         * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function baseMergeDeep(object, source, key, mergeFunc, customizer, stackA, stackB) {
            var length = stackA.length,
                srcValue = source[key];

            while (length--) {
                if (stackA[length] == srcValue) {
                    object[key] = stackB[length];
                    return;
                }
            }
            var value = object[key],
                result = customizer ? customizer(value, srcValue, key, object, source) : undefined,
                isCommon = typeof result == 'undefined';

            if (isCommon) {
                result = srcValue;
                if (isLength(srcValue.length) && (isArray(srcValue) || isTypedArray(srcValue))) {
                    result = isArray(value) ? value : ((value && value.length) ? arrayCopy(value) : []);
                } else if (isPlainObject(srcValue) || isArguments(srcValue)) {
                    result = isArguments(value) ? toPlainObject(value) : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
                } else {
                    isCommon = false;
                }
            }
            // Add the source value to the stack of traversed objects and associate
            // it with its merged value.
            stackA.push(srcValue);
            stackB.push(result);

            if (isCommon) {
                // Recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
                object[key] = mergeFunc(result, srcValue, customizer, stackA, stackB);
            } else if (result === result ? (result !== value) : (value === value)) {
                object[key] = result;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.property` which does not coerce `key` to a string.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         */
        function baseProperty(key) {
            return function(object) {
                return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
            };
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.random` without support for argument juggling
         * and returning floating-point numbers.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
         * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
         * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
         */
        function baseRandom(min, max) {
            return min + floor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without support
         * for callback shorthands and `this` binding, which iterates over `collection`
         * using the provided `eachFunc`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} accumulator The initial value.
         * @param {boolean} initFromCollection Specify using the first or last element
         *  of `collection` as the initial value.
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over `collection`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         */
        function baseReduce(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromCollection, eachFunc) {
            eachFunc(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                accumulator = initFromCollection ? (initFromCollection = false, value) : iteratee(accumulator, value, index, collection);
            });
            return accumulator;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `setData` without support for hot loop detection.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
         * @param {*} data The metadata.
         * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
         */
        var baseSetData = !metaMap ? identity : function(func, data) {
            metaMap.set(func, data);
            return func;
        };

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.slice` without an iteratee call guard.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
         * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         */
        function baseSlice(array, start, end) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array.length;

            start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
            if (start < 0) {
                start = -start > length ? 0 : (length + start);
            }
            end = (typeof end == 'undefined' || end > length) ? length : (+end || 0);
            if (end < 0) {
                end += length;
            }
            length = start > end ? 0 : ((end - start) >>> 0);
            start >>>= 0;

            var result = Array(length);
            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = array[index + start];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.some` without support for callback shorthands
         * and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
         *  else `false`.
         */
        function baseSome(collection, predicate) {
            var result;

            baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                result = predicate(value, index, collection);
                return !result;
            });
            return !!result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.sortBy` which uses `comparer` to define
         * the sort order of `array` and replaces criteria objects with their
         * corresponding values.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
         * @param {Function} comparer The function to define sort order.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function baseSortBy(array, comparer) {
            var length = array.length;

            array.sort(comparer);
            while (length--) {
                array[length] = array[length].value;
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.sortByOrder` without param guards.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {string[]} props The property names to sort by.
         * @param {boolean[]} orders The sort orders of `props`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
         */
        function baseSortByOrder(collection, props, orders) {
            var index = -1,
                length = collection.length,
                result = isLength(length) ? Array(length) : [];

            baseEach(collection, function(value) {
                var length = props.length,
                    criteria = Array(length);

                while (length--) {
                    criteria[length] = value == null ? undefined : value[props[length]];
                }
                result[++index] = {
                    'criteria': criteria,
                    'index': index,
                    'value': value
                };
            });

            return baseSortBy(result, function(object, other) {
                return compareMultiple(object, other, orders);
            });
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.sum` without support for callback shorthands
         * and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
         */
        function baseSum(collection, iteratee) {
            var result = 0;
            baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                result += +iteratee(value, index, collection) || 0;
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
         * and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate-value-free array.
         */
        function baseUniq(array, iteratee) {
            var index = -1,
                indexOf = getIndexOf(),
                length = array.length,
                isCommon = indexOf == baseIndexOf,
                isLarge = isCommon && length >= 200,
                seen = isLarge ? createCache() : null,
                result = [];

            if (seen) {
                indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
                isCommon = false;
            } else {
                isLarge = false;
                seen = iteratee ? [] : result;
            }
            outer:
                while (++index < length) {
                    var value = array[index],
                        computed = iteratee ? iteratee(value, index, array) : value;

                    if (isCommon && value === value) {
                        var seenIndex = seen.length;
                        while (seenIndex--) {
                            if (seen[seenIndex] === computed) {
                                continue outer;
                            }
                        }
                        if (iteratee) {
                            seen.push(computed);
                        }
                        result.push(value);
                    } else if (indexOf(seen, computed, 0) < 0) {
                        if (iteratee || isLarge) {
                            seen.push(computed);
                        }
                        result.push(value);
                    }
                }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.values` and `_.valuesIn` which creates an
         * array of `object` property values corresponding to the property names
         * returned by `keysFunc`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to query.
         * @param {Array} props The property names to get values for.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the array of property values.
         */
        function baseValues(object, props) {
            var index = -1,
                length = props.length,
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = object[props[index]];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `_.dropRightWhile`, `_.dropWhile`, `_.takeRightWhile`,
         * and `_.takeWhile` without support for callback shorthands and `this` binding.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {boolean} [isDrop] Specify dropping elements instead of taking them.
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         */
        function baseWhile(array, predicate, isDrop, fromRight) {
            var length = array.length,
                index = fromRight ? length : -1;

            while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length) && predicate(array[index], index, array)) {}
            return isDrop ? baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? 0 : index), (fromRight ? index + 1 : length)) : baseSlice(array, (fromRight ? index + 1 : 0), (fromRight ? length : index));
        }

        /**
         * The base implementation of `wrapperValue` which returns the result of
         * performing a sequence of actions on the unwrapped `value`, where each
         * successive action is supplied the return value of the previous.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The unwrapped value.
         * @param {Array} actions Actions to peform to resolve the unwrapped value.
         * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
         */
        function baseWrapperValue(value, actions) {
            var result = value;
            if (result instanceof LazyWrapper) {
                result = result.value();
            }
            var index = -1,
                length = actions.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var args = [result],
                    action = actions[index];

                push.apply(args, action.args);
                result = action.func.apply(action.thisArg, args);
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Performs a binary search of `array` to determine the index at which `value`
         * should be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
         * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
         * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
         *  into `array`.
         */
        function binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) {
            var low = 0,
                high = array ? array.length : low;

            if (typeof value == 'number' && value === value && high <= HALF_MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
                while (low < high) {
                    var mid = (low + high) >>> 1,
                        computed = array[mid];

                    if (retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value)) {
                        low = mid + 1;
                    } else {
                        high = mid;
                    }
                }
                return high;
            }
            return binaryIndexBy(array, value, identity, retHighest);
        }

        /**
         * This function is like `binaryIndex` except that it invokes `iteratee` for
         * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
         * iteratee is invoked with one argument; (value).
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
         * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
         *  into `array`.
         */
        function binaryIndexBy(array, value, iteratee, retHighest) {
            value = iteratee(value);

            var low = 0,
                high = array ? array.length : 0,
                valIsNaN = value !== value,
                valIsUndef = typeof value == 'undefined';

            while (low < high) {
                var mid = floor((low + high) / 2),
                    computed = iteratee(array[mid]),
                    isReflexive = computed === computed;

                if (valIsNaN) {
                    var setLow = isReflexive || retHighest;
                } else if (valIsUndef) {
                    setLow = isReflexive && (retHighest || typeof computed != 'undefined');
                } else {
                    setLow = retHighest ? (computed <= value) : (computed < value);
                }
                if (setLow) {
                    low = mid + 1;
                } else {
                    high = mid;
                }
            }
            return nativeMin(high, MAX_ARRAY_INDEX);
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseCallback` which only supports `this` binding
         * and specifying the number of arguments to provide to `func`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
         * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments to provide to `func`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
         */
        function bindCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                return identity;
            }
            if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined') {
                return func;
            }
            switch (argCount) {
                case 1:
                    return function(value) {
                        return func.call(thisArg, value);
                    };
                case 3:
                    return function(value, index, collection) {
                        return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
                    };
                case 4:
                    return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
                        return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
                    };
                case 5:
                    return function(value, other, key, object, source) {
                        return func.call(thisArg, value, other, key, object, source);
                    };
            }
            return function() {
                return func.apply(thisArg, arguments);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a clone of the given array buffer.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {ArrayBuffer} buffer The array buffer to clone.
         * @returns {ArrayBuffer} Returns the cloned array buffer.
         */
        function bufferClone(buffer) {
            return bufferSlice.call(buffer, 0);
        }
        if (!bufferSlice) {
            // PhantomJS has `ArrayBuffer` and `Uint8Array` but not `Float64Array`.
            bufferClone = !(ArrayBuffer && Uint8Array) ? constant(null) : function(buffer) {
                var byteLength = buffer.byteLength,
                    floatLength = Float64Array ? floor(byteLength / FLOAT64_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT) : 0,
                    offset = floatLength * FLOAT64_BYTES_PER_ELEMENT,
                    result = new ArrayBuffer(byteLength);

                if (floatLength) {
                    var view = new Float64Array(result, 0, floatLength);
                    view.set(new Float64Array(buffer, 0, floatLength));
                }
                if (byteLength != offset) {
                    view = new Uint8Array(result, offset);
                    view.set(new Uint8Array(buffer, offset));
                }
                return result;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array that is the composition of partially applied arguments,
         * placeholders, and provided arguments into a single array of arguments.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
         * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided.
         * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
         */
        function composeArgs(args, partials, holders) {
            var holdersLength = holders.length,
                argsIndex = -1,
                argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
                leftIndex = -1,
                leftLength = partials.length,
                result = Array(argsLength + leftLength);

            while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
                result[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
            }
            while (++argsIndex < holdersLength) {
                result[holders[argsIndex]] = args[argsIndex];
            }
            while (argsLength--) {
                result[leftIndex++] = args[argsIndex++];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * This function is like `composeArgs` except that the arguments composition
         * is tailored for `_.partialRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object} args The provided arguments.
         * @param {Array} partials The arguments to append to those provided.
         * @param {Array} holders The `partials` placeholder indexes.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of composed arguments.
         */
        function composeArgsRight(args, partials, holders) {
            var holdersIndex = -1,
                holdersLength = holders.length,
                argsIndex = -1,
                argsLength = nativeMax(args.length - holdersLength, 0),
                rightIndex = -1,
                rightLength = partials.length,
                result = Array(argsLength + rightLength);

            while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
                result[argsIndex] = args[argsIndex];
            }
            var pad = argsIndex;
            while (++rightIndex < rightLength) {
                result[pad + rightIndex] = partials[rightIndex];
            }
            while (++holdersIndex < holdersLength) {
                result[pad + holders[holdersIndex]] = args[argsIndex++];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an accumulator
         * object composed from the results of running each element in the collection
         * through an iteratee.
         *
         * **Note:** This function is used to create `_.countBy`, `_.groupBy`, `_.indexBy`,
         * and `_.partition`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} setter The function to set keys and values of the accumulator object.
         * @param {Function} [initializer] The function to initialize the accumulator object.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
         */
        function createAggregator(setter, initializer) {
            return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
                var result = initializer ? initializer() : {};
                iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);

                if (isArray(collection)) {
                    var index = -1,
                        length = collection.length;

                    while (++index < length) {
                        var value = collection[index];
                        setter(result, value, iteratee(value, index, collection), collection);
                    }
                } else {
                    baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
                        setter(result, value, iteratee(value, key, collection), collection);
                    });
                }
                return result;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that assigns properties of source object(s) to a given
         * destination object.
         *
         * **Note:** This function is used to create `_.assign`, `_.defaults`, and `_.merge`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} assigner The function to assign values.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new assigner function.
         */
        function createAssigner(assigner) {
            return function() {
                var args = arguments,
                    length = args.length,
                    object = args[0];

                if (length < 2 || object == null) {
                    return object;
                }
                var customizer = args[length - 2],
                    thisArg = args[length - 1],
                    guard = args[3];

                if (length > 3 && typeof customizer == 'function') {
                    customizer = bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 5);
                    length -= 2;
                } else {
                    customizer = (length > 2 && typeof thisArg == 'function') ? thisArg : null;
                    length -= (customizer ? 1 : 0);
                }
                if (guard && isIterateeCall(args[1], args[2], guard)) {
                    customizer = length == 3 ? null : customizer;
                    length = 2;
                }
                var index = 0;
                while (++index < length) {
                    var source = args[index];
                    if (source) {
                        assigner(object, source, customizer);
                    }
                }
                return object;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `baseEach` or `baseEachRight` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
         */
        function createBaseEach(eachFunc, fromRight) {
            return function(collection, iteratee) {
                var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
                if (!isLength(length)) {
                    return eachFunc(collection, iteratee);
                }
                var index = fromRight ? length : -1,
                    iterable = toObject(collection);

                while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
                    if (iteratee(iterable[index], index, iterable) === false) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                return collection;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a base function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new base function.
         */
        function createBaseFor(fromRight) {
            return function(object, iteratee, keysFunc) {
                var iterable = toObject(object),
                    props = keysFunc(object),
                    length = props.length,
                    index = fromRight ? length : -1;

                while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
                    var key = props[index];
                    if (iteratee(iterable[key], key, iterable) === false) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                return object;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the `this`
         * binding of `thisArg`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
         */
        function createBindWrapper(func, thisArg) {
            var Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

            function wrapper() {
                var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
                return fn.apply(thisArg, arguments);
            }
            return wrapper;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `Set` cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} [values] The values to cache.
         * @returns {null|Object} Returns the new cache object if `Set` is supported, else `null`.
         */
        var createCache = !(nativeCreate && Set) ? constant(null) : function(values) {
            return new SetCache(values);
        };

        /**
         * Creates a function that produces compound words out of the words in a
         * given string.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} callback The function to combine each word.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new compounder function.
         */
        function createCompounder(callback) {
            return function(string) {
                var index = -1,
                    array = words(deburr(string)),
                    length = array.length,
                    result = '';

                while (++index < length) {
                    result = callback(result, array[index], index);
                }
                return result;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that produces an instance of `Ctor` regardless of
         * whether it was invoked as part of a `new` expression or by `call` or `apply`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} Ctor The constructor to wrap.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
         */
        function createCtorWrapper(Ctor) {
            return function() {
                var thisBinding = baseCreate(Ctor.prototype),
                    result = Ctor.apply(thisBinding, arguments);

                // Mimic the constructor's `return` behavior.
                // See https://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2 for more details.
                return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} flag The curry bit flag.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new curry function.
         */
        function createCurry(flag) {
            function curryFunc(func, arity, guard) {
                if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, arity, guard)) {
                    arity = null;
                }
                var result = createWrapper(func, flag, null, null, null, null, null, arity);
                result.placeholder = curryFunc.placeholder;
                return result;
            }
            return curryFunc;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.max` or `_.min` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to get the extremum value from an array.
         * @param {boolean} [isMin] Specify returning the minimum, instead of the maximum,
         *  extremum value.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new extremum function.
         */
        function createExtremum(arrayFunc, isMin) {
            return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
                if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
                    iteratee = null;
                }
                var func = getCallback(),
                    noIteratee = iteratee == null;

                if (!(func === baseCallback && noIteratee)) {
                    noIteratee = false;
                    iteratee = func(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
                }
                if (noIteratee) {
                    var isArr = isArray(collection);
                    if (!isArr && isString(collection)) {
                        iteratee = charAtCallback;
                    } else {
                        return arrayFunc(isArr ? collection : toIterable(collection));
                    }
                }
                return extremumBy(collection, iteratee, isMin);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.find` or `_.findLast` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
         */
        function createFind(eachFunc, fromRight) {
            return function(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
                predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
                if (isArray(collection)) {
                    var index = baseFindIndex(collection, predicate, fromRight);
                    return index > -1 ? collection[index] : undefined;
                }
                return baseFind(collection, predicate, eachFunc);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.findIndex` or `_.findLastIndex` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
         */
        function createFindIndex(fromRight) {
            return function(array, predicate, thisArg) {
                if (!(array && array.length)) {
                    return -1;
                }
                predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
                return baseFindIndex(array, predicate, fromRight);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.findKey` or `_.findLastKey` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new find function.
         */
        function createFindKey(objectFunc) {
            return function(object, predicate, thisArg) {
                predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
                return baseFind(object, predicate, objectFunc, true);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.flow` or `_.flowRight` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify iterating from right to left.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new flow function.
         */
        function createFlow(fromRight) {
            return function() {
                var length = arguments.length;
                if (!length) {
                    return function() {
                        return arguments[0];
                    };
                }
                var wrapper,
                    index = fromRight ? length : -1,
                    leftIndex = 0,
                    funcs = Array(length);

                while ((fromRight ? index-- : ++index < length)) {
                    var func = funcs[leftIndex++] = arguments[index];
                    if (typeof func != 'function') {
                        throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
                    }
                    var funcName = wrapper ? '' : getFuncName(func);
                    wrapper = funcName == 'wrapper' ? new LodashWrapper([]) : wrapper;
                }
                index = wrapper ? -1 : length;
                while (++index < length) {
                    func = funcs[index];
                    funcName = getFuncName(func);

                    var data = funcName == 'wrapper' ? getData(func) : null;
                    if (data && isLaziable(data[0])) {
                        wrapper = wrapper[getFuncName(data[0])].apply(wrapper, data[3]);
                    } else {
                        wrapper = (func.length == 1 && isLaziable(func)) ? wrapper[funcName]() : wrapper.thru(func);
                    }
                }
                return function() {
                    var args = arguments;
                    if (wrapper && args.length == 1 && isArray(args[0])) {
                        return wrapper.plant(args[0]).value();
                    }
                    var index = 0,
                        result = funcs[index].apply(this, args);

                    while (++index < length) {
                        result = funcs[index].call(this, result);
                    }
                    return result;
                };
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function for `_.forEach` or `_.forEachRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
         */
        function createForEach(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
            return function(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
                return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' && isArray(collection)) ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee) : eachFunc(collection, bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3));
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function for `_.forIn` or `_.forInRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
         */
        function createForIn(objectFunc) {
            return function(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
                if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || typeof thisArg != 'undefined') {
                    iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
                }
                return objectFunc(object, iteratee, keysIn);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function for `_.forOwn` or `_.forOwnRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} objectFunc The function to iterate over an object.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
         */
        function createForOwn(objectFunc) {
            return function(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
                if (typeof iteratee != 'function' || typeof thisArg != 'undefined') {
                    iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
                }
                return objectFunc(object, iteratee);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function for `_.padLeft` or `_.padRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} [fromRight] Specify padding from the right.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new pad function.
         */
        function createPadDir(fromRight) {
            return function(string, length, chars) {
                string = baseToString(string);
                return string && ((fromRight ? string : '') + createPadding(string, length, chars) + (fromRight ? '' : string));
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.partial` or `_.partialRight` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} flag The partial bit flag.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new partial function.
         */
        function createPartial(flag) {
            var partialFunc = restParam(function(func, partials) {
                var holders = replaceHolders(partials, partialFunc.placeholder);
                return createWrapper(func, flag, null, partials, holders);
            });
            return partialFunc;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function for `_.reduce` or `_.reduceRight`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} arrayFunc The function to iterate over an array.
         * @param {Function} eachFunc The function to iterate over a collection.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new each function.
         */
        function createReduce(arrayFunc, eachFunc) {
            return function(collection, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
                var initFromArray = arguments.length < 3;
                return (typeof iteratee == 'function' && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' && isArray(collection)) ? arrayFunc(collection, iteratee, accumulator, initFromArray) : baseReduce(collection, getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4), accumulator, initFromArray, eachFunc);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with optional `this`
         * binding of, partial application, and currying.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
         * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
         * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
         * @param {Array} [partialsRight] The arguments to append to those provided to the new function.
         * @param {Array} [holdersRight] The `partialsRight` placeholder indexes.
         * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
         * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
         * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
         */
        function createHybridWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity) {
            var isAry = bitmask & ARY_FLAG,
                isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
                isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG,
                isCurry = bitmask & CURRY_FLAG,
                isCurryBound = bitmask & CURRY_BOUND_FLAG,
                isCurryRight = bitmask & CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG;

            var Ctor = !isBindKey && createCtorWrapper(func),
                key = func;

            function wrapper() {
                // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
                // converting it to an array before providing it to other functions.
                var length = arguments.length,
                    index = length,
                    args = Array(length);

                while (index--) {
                    args[index] = arguments[index];
                }
                if (partials) {
                    args = composeArgs(args, partials, holders);
                }
                if (partialsRight) {
                    args = composeArgsRight(args, partialsRight, holdersRight);
                }
                if (isCurry || isCurryRight) {
                    var placeholder = wrapper.placeholder,
                        argsHolders = replaceHolders(args, placeholder);

                    length -= argsHolders.length;
                    if (length < arity) {
                        var newArgPos = argPos ? arrayCopy(argPos) : null,
                            newArity = nativeMax(arity - length, 0),
                            newsHolders = isCurry ? argsHolders : null,
                            newHoldersRight = isCurry ? null : argsHolders,
                            newPartials = isCurry ? args : null,
                            newPartialsRight = isCurry ? null : args;

                        bitmask |= (isCurry ? PARTIAL_FLAG : PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
                        bitmask &= ~(isCurry ? PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG : PARTIAL_FLAG);

                        if (!isCurryBound) {
                            bitmask &= ~(BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG);
                        }
                        var newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, newPartials, newsHolders, newPartialsRight, newHoldersRight, newArgPos, ary, newArity],
                            result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);

                        if (isLaziable(func)) {
                            setData(result, newData);
                        }
                        result.placeholder = placeholder;
                        return result;
                    }
                }
                var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;
                if (isBindKey) {
                    func = thisBinding[key];
                }
                if (argPos) {
                    args = reorder(args, argPos);
                }
                if (isAry && ary < args.length) {
                    args.length = ary;
                }
                var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? (Ctor || createCtorWrapper(func)) : func;
                return fn.apply(thisBinding, args);
            }
            return wrapper;
        }

        /**
         * Creates the padding required for `string` based on the given `length`.
         * The `chars` string is truncated if the number of characters exceeds `length`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {string} string The string to create padding for.
         * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
         * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
         * @returns {string} Returns the pad for `string`.
         */
        function createPadding(string, length, chars) {
            var strLength = string.length;
            length = +length;

            if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
                return '';
            }
            var padLength = length - strLength;
            chars = chars == null ? ' ' : (chars + '');
            return repeat(chars, ceil(padLength / chars.length)).slice(0, padLength);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that wraps `func` and invokes it with the optional `this`
         * binding of `thisArg` and the `partials` prepended to those provided to
         * the wrapper.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
         * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags. See `createWrapper` for more details.
         * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {Array} partials The arguments to prepend to those provided to the new function.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
         */
        function createPartialWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials) {
            var isBind = bitmask & BIND_FLAG,
                Ctor = createCtorWrapper(func);

            function wrapper() {
                // Avoid `arguments` object use disqualifying optimizations by
                // converting it to an array before providing it `func`.
                var argsIndex = -1,
                    argsLength = arguments.length,
                    leftIndex = -1,
                    leftLength = partials.length,
                    args = Array(argsLength + leftLength);

                while (++leftIndex < leftLength) {
                    args[leftIndex] = partials[leftIndex];
                }
                while (argsLength--) {
                    args[leftIndex++] = arguments[++argsIndex];
                }
                var fn = (this && this !== root && this instanceof wrapper) ? Ctor : func;
                return fn.apply(isBind ? thisArg : this, args);
            }
            return wrapper;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a `_.sortedIndex` or `_.sortedLastIndex` function.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {boolean} [retHighest] Specify returning the highest qualified index.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new index function.
         */
        function createSortedIndex(retHighest) {
            return function(array, value, iteratee, thisArg) {
                var func = getCallback(iteratee);
                return (func === baseCallback && iteratee == null) ? binaryIndex(array, value, retHighest) : binaryIndexBy(array, value, func(iteratee, thisArg, 1), retHighest);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that either curries or invokes `func` with optional
         * `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
         * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of flags.
         *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
         *     1 - `_.bind`
         *     2 - `_.bindKey`
         *     4 - `_.curry` or `_.curryRight` of a bound function
         *     8 - `_.curry`
         *    16 - `_.curryRight`
         *    32 - `_.partial`
         *    64 - `_.partialRight`
         *   128 - `_.rearg`
         *   256 - `_.ary`
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {Array} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
         * @param {Array} [holders] The `partials` placeholder indexes.
         * @param {Array} [argPos] The argument positions of the new function.
         * @param {number} [ary] The arity cap of `func`.
         * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new wrapped function.
         */
        function createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, argPos, ary, arity) {
            var isBindKey = bitmask & BIND_KEY_FLAG;
            if (!isBindKey && typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            var length = partials ? partials.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                bitmask &= ~(PARTIAL_FLAG | PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);
                partials = holders = null;
            }
            length -= (holders ? holders.length : 0);
            if (bitmask & PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG) {
                var partialsRight = partials,
                    holdersRight = holders;

                partials = holders = null;
            }
            var data = isBindKey ? null : getData(func),
                newData = [func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders, partialsRight, holdersRight, argPos, ary, arity];

            if (data) {
                mergeData(newData, data);
                bitmask = newData[1];
                arity = newData[9];
            }
            newData[9] = arity == null ? (isBindKey ? 0 : func.length) : (nativeMax(arity - length, 0) || 0);

            if (bitmask == BIND_FLAG) {
                var result = createBindWrapper(newData[0], newData[2]);
            } else if ((bitmask == PARTIAL_FLAG || bitmask == (BIND_FLAG | PARTIAL_FLAG)) && !newData[4].length) {
                result = createPartialWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
            } else {
                result = createHybridWrapper.apply(undefined, newData);
            }
            var setter = data ? baseSetData : setData;
            return setter(result, newData);
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for arrays with support for
         * partial deep comparisons.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to compare.
         * @param {Array} other The other array to compare.
         * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing arrays.
         * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
         * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arrays are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function equalArrays(array, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
            var index = -1,
                arrLength = array.length,
                othLength = other.length,
                result = true;

            if (arrLength != othLength && !(isLoose && othLength > arrLength)) {
                return false;
            }
            // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
            while (result && ++index < arrLength) {
                var arrValue = array[index],
                    othValue = other[index];

                result = undefined;
                if (customizer) {
                    result = isLoose ? customizer(othValue, arrValue, index) : customizer(arrValue, othValue, index);
                }
                if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
                    // Recursively compare arrays (susceptible to call stack limits).
                    if (isLoose) {
                        var othIndex = othLength;
                        while (othIndex--) {
                            othValue = other[othIndex];
                            result = (arrValue && arrValue === othValue) || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
                            if (result) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        result = (arrValue && arrValue === othValue) || equalFunc(arrValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
                    }
                }
            }
            return !!result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for comparing objects of
         * the same `toStringTag`.
         *
         * **Note:** This function only supports comparing values with tags of
         * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} value The object to compare.
         * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
         * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the objects to compare.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function equalByTag(object, other, tag) {
            switch (tag) {
                case boolTag:
                case dateTag:
                    // Coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
                    // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal.
                    return +object == +other;

                case errorTag:
                    return object.name == other.name && object.message == other.message;

                case numberTag:
                    // Treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal.
                    return (object != +object) ? other != +other
                        // But, treat `-0` vs. `+0` as not equal.
                        : (object == 0 ? ((1 / object) == (1 / other)) : object == +other);

                case regexpTag:
                case stringTag:
                    // Coerce regexes to strings and treat strings primitives and string
                    // objects as equal. See https://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4 for more details.
                    return object == (other + '');
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `baseIsEqualDeep` for objects with support for
         * partial deep comparisons.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to compare.
         * @param {Object} other The other object to compare.
         * @param {Function} equalFunc The function to determine equivalents of values.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
         * @param {boolean} [isLoose] Specify performing partial comparisons.
         * @param {Array} [stackA] Tracks traversed `value` objects.
         * @param {Array} [stackB] Tracks traversed `other` objects.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the objects are equivalent, else `false`.
         */
        function equalObjects(object, other, equalFunc, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB) {
            var objProps = keys(object),
                objLength = objProps.length,
                othProps = keys(other),
                othLength = othProps.length;

            if (objLength != othLength && !isLoose) {
                return false;
            }
            var skipCtor = isLoose,
                index = -1;

            while (++index < objLength) {
                var key = objProps[index],
                    result = isLoose ? key in other : hasOwnProperty.call(other, key);

                if (result) {
                    var objValue = object[key],
                        othValue = other[key];

                    result = undefined;
                    if (customizer) {
                        result = isLoose ? customizer(othValue, objValue, key) : customizer(objValue, othValue, key);
                    }
                    if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
                        // Recursively compare objects (susceptible to call stack limits).
                        result = (objValue && objValue === othValue) || equalFunc(objValue, othValue, customizer, isLoose, stackA, stackB);
                    }
                }
                if (!result) {
                    return false;
                }
                skipCtor || (skipCtor = key == 'constructor');
            }
            if (!skipCtor) {
                var objCtor = object.constructor,
                    othCtor = other.constructor;

                // Non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal.
                if (objCtor != othCtor &&
                    ('constructor' in object && 'constructor' in other) &&
                    !(typeof objCtor == 'function' && objCtor instanceof objCtor &&
                        typeof othCtor == 'function' && othCtor instanceof othCtor)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the extremum value of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each value
         * in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value is ranked.
         * The `iteratee` is invoked with three arguments: (value, index, collection).
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} iteratee The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {boolean} [isMin] Specify returning the minimum, instead of the
         *  maximum, extremum value.
         * @returns {*} Returns the extremum value.
         */
        function extremumBy(collection, iteratee, isMin) {
            var exValue = isMin ? POSITIVE_INFINITY : NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
                computed = exValue,
                result = computed;

            baseEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                var current = iteratee(value, index, collection);
                if ((isMin ? (current < computed) : (current > computed)) ||
                    (current === exValue && current === result)) {
                    computed = current;
                    result = value;
                }
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the appropriate "callback" function. If the `_.callback` method is
         * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
         * the `baseCallback` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
         * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
         *
         * @private
         * @returns {Function} Returns the chosen function or its result.
         */
        function getCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
            var result = lodash.callback || callback;
            result = result === callback ? baseCallback : result;
            return argCount ? result(func, thisArg, argCount) : result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets metadata for `func`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to query.
         * @returns {*} Returns the metadata for `func`.
         */
        var getData = !metaMap ? noop : function(func) {
            return metaMap.get(func);
        };

        /**
         * Gets the name of `func`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to query.
         * @returns {string} Returns the function name.
         */
        var getFuncName = (function() {
            if (!support.funcNames) {
                return constant('');
            }
            if (constant.name == 'constant') {
                return baseProperty('name');
            }
            return function(func) {
                var result = func.name,
                    array = realNames[result],
                    length = array ? array.length : 0;

                while (length--) {
                    var data = array[length],
                        otherFunc = data.func;

                    if (otherFunc == null || otherFunc == func) {
                        return data.name;
                    }
                }
                return result;
            };
        }());

        /**
         * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
         * customized this function returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
         * the `baseIndexOf` function. If arguments are provided the chosen function
         * is invoked with them and its result is returned.
         *
         * @private
         * @returns {Function|number} Returns the chosen function or its result.
         */
        function getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) {
            var result = lodash.indexOf || indexOf;
            result = result === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
            return collection ? result(collection, target, fromIndex) : result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the view, applying any `transforms` to the `start` and `end` positions.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {number} start The start of the view.
         * @param {number} end The end of the view.
         * @param {Array} [transforms] The transformations to apply to the view.
         * @returns {Object} Returns an object containing the `start` and `end`
         *  positions of the view.
         */
        function getView(start, end, transforms) {
            var index = -1,
                length = transforms ? transforms.length : 0;

            while (++index < length) {
                var data = transforms[index],
                    size = data.size;

                switch (data.type) {
                    case 'drop':
                        start += size;
                        break;
                    case 'dropRight':
                        end -= size;
                        break;
                    case 'take':
                        end = nativeMin(end, start + size);
                        break;
                    case 'takeRight':
                        start = nativeMax(start, end - size);
                        break;
                }
            }
            return {
                'start': start,
                'end': end
            };
        }

        /**
         * Initializes an array clone.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to clone.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the initialized clone.
         */
        function initCloneArray(array) {
            var length = array.length,
                result = new array.constructor(length);

            // Add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`.
            if (length && typeof array[0] == 'string' && hasOwnProperty.call(array, 'index')) {
                result.index = array.index;
                result.input = array.input;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Initializes an object clone.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
         */
        function initCloneObject(object) {
            var Ctor = object.constructor;
            if (!(typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor instanceof Ctor)) {
                Ctor = Object;
            }
            return new Ctor;
        }

        /**
         * Initializes an object clone based on its `toStringTag`.
         *
         * **Note:** This function only supports cloning values with tags of
         * `Boolean`, `Date`, `Error`, `Number`, `RegExp`, or `String`.
         *
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to clone.
         * @param {string} tag The `toStringTag` of the object to clone.
         * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the initialized clone.
         */
        function initCloneByTag(object, tag, isDeep) {
            var Ctor = object.constructor;
            switch (tag) {
                case arrayBufferTag:
                    return bufferClone(object);

                case boolTag:
                case dateTag:
                    return new Ctor(+object);

                case float32Tag:
                case float64Tag:
                case int8Tag:
                case int16Tag:
                case int32Tag:
                case uint8Tag:
                case uint8ClampedTag:
                case uint16Tag:
                case uint32Tag:
                    var buffer = object.buffer;
                    return new Ctor(isDeep ? bufferClone(buffer) : buffer, object.byteOffset, object.length);

                case numberTag:
                case stringTag:
                    return new Ctor(object);

                case regexpTag:
                    var result = new Ctor(object.source, reFlags.exec(object));
                    result.lastIndex = object.lastIndex;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like index.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @param {number} [length=MAX_SAFE_INTEGER] The upper bounds of a valid index.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid index, else `false`.
         */
        function isIndex(value, length) {
            value = +value;
            length = length == null ? MAX_SAFE_INTEGER : length;
            return value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value < length;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if the provided arguments are from an iteratee call.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The potential iteratee value argument.
         * @param {*} index The potential iteratee index or key argument.
         * @param {*} object The potential iteratee object argument.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the arguments are from an iteratee call, else `false`.
         */
        function isIterateeCall(value, index, object) {
            if (!isObject(object)) {
                return false;
            }
            var type = typeof index;
            if (type == 'number') {
                var length = object.length,
                    prereq = isLength(length) && isIndex(index, length);
            } else {
                prereq = type == 'string' && index in object;
            }
            if (prereq) {
                var other = object[index];
                return value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other);
            }
            return false;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `func` has a lazy counterpart.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `func` has a lazy counterpart, else `false`.
         */
        function isLaziable(func) {
            var funcName = getFuncName(func);
            return !!funcName && func === lodash[funcName] && funcName in LazyWrapper.prototype;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a valid array-like length.
         *
         * **Note:** This function is based on [`ToLength`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-tolength).
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a valid length, else `false`.
         */
        function isLength(value) {
            return typeof value == 'number' && value > -1 && value % 1 == 0 && value <= MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is suitable for strict equality comparisons, i.e. `===`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` if suitable for strict
         *  equality comparisons, else `false`.
         */
        function isStrictComparable(value) {
            return value === value && (value === 0 ? ((1 / value) > 0) : !isObject(value));
        }

        /**
         * Merges the function metadata of `source` into `data`.
         *
         * Merging metadata reduces the number of wrappers required to invoke a function.
         * This is possible because methods like `_.bind`, `_.curry`, and `_.partial`
         * may be applied regardless of execution order. Methods like `_.ary` and `_.rearg`
         * augment function arguments, making the order in which they are executed important,
         * preventing the merging of metadata. However, we make an exception for a safe
         * common case where curried functions have `_.ary` and or `_.rearg` applied.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} data The destination metadata.
         * @param {Array} source The source metadata.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `data`.
         */
        function mergeData(data, source) {
            var bitmask = data[1],
                srcBitmask = source[1],
                newBitmask = bitmask | srcBitmask,
                isCommon = newBitmask < ARY_FLAG;

            var isCombo =
                (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG) ||
                (srcBitmask == ARY_FLAG && bitmask == REARG_FLAG && data[7].length <= source[8]) ||
                (srcBitmask == (ARY_FLAG | REARG_FLAG) && bitmask == CURRY_FLAG);

            // Exit early if metadata can't be merged.
            if (!(isCommon || isCombo)) {
                return data;
            }
            // Use source `thisArg` if available.
            if (srcBitmask & BIND_FLAG) {
                data[2] = source[2];
                // Set when currying a bound function.
                newBitmask |= (bitmask & BIND_FLAG) ? 0 : CURRY_BOUND_FLAG;
            }
            // Compose partial arguments.
            var value = source[3];
            if (value) {
                var partials = data[3];
                data[3] = partials ? composeArgs(partials, value, source[4]) : arrayCopy(value);
                data[4] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[3], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[4]);
            }
            // Compose partial right arguments.
            value = source[5];
            if (value) {
                partials = data[5];
                data[5] = partials ? composeArgsRight(partials, value, source[6]) : arrayCopy(value);
                data[6] = partials ? replaceHolders(data[5], PLACEHOLDER) : arrayCopy(source[6]);
            }
            // Use source `argPos` if available.
            value = source[7];
            if (value) {
                data[7] = arrayCopy(value);
            }
            // Use source `ary` if it's smaller.
            if (srcBitmask & ARY_FLAG) {
                data[8] = data[8] == null ? source[8] : nativeMin(data[8], source[8]);
            }
            // Use source `arity` if one is not provided.
            if (data[9] == null) {
                data[9] = source[9];
            }
            // Use source `func` and merge bitmasks.
            data[0] = source[0];
            data[1] = newBitmask;

            return data;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.pick` that picks `object` properties specified
         * by the `props` array.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The source object.
         * @param {string[]} props The property names to pick.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         */
        function pickByArray(object, props) {
            object = toObject(object);

            var index = -1,
                length = props.length,
                result = {};

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index];
                if (key in object) {
                    result[key] = object[key];
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * A specialized version of `_.pick` that picks `object` properties `predicate`
         * returns truthy for.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The source object.
         * @param {Function} predicate The function invoked per iteration.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         */
        function pickByCallback(object, predicate) {
            var result = {};
            baseForIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
                if (predicate(value, key, object)) {
                    result[key] = value;
                }
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Reorder `array` according to the specified indexes where the element at
         * the first index is assigned as the first element, the element at
         * the second index is assigned as the second element, and so on.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Array} array The array to reorder.
         * @param {Array} indexes The arranged array indexes.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         */
        function reorder(array, indexes) {
            var arrLength = array.length,
                length = nativeMin(indexes.length, arrLength),
                oldArray = arrayCopy(array);

            while (length--) {
                var index = indexes[length];
                array[length] = isIndex(index, arrLength) ? oldArray[index] : undefined;
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * Sets metadata for `func`.
         *
         * **Note:** If this function becomes hot, i.e. is invoked a lot in a short
         * period of time, it will trip its breaker and transition to an identity function
         * to avoid garbage collection pauses in V8. See [V8 issue 2070](https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2070)
         * for more details.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Function} func The function to associate metadata with.
         * @param {*} data The metadata.
         * @returns {Function} Returns `func`.
         */
        var setData = (function() {
            var count = 0,
                lastCalled = 0;

            return function(key, value) {
                var stamp = now(),
                    remaining = HOT_SPAN - (stamp - lastCalled);

                lastCalled = stamp;
                if (remaining > 0) {
                    if (++count >= HOT_COUNT) {
                        return key;
                    }
                } else {
                    count = 0;
                }
                return baseSetData(key, value);
            };
        }());

        /**
         * A fallback implementation of `_.isPlainObject` which checks if `value`
         * is an object created by the `Object` constructor or has a `[[Prototype]]`
         * of `null`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
         */
        function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
            var Ctor,
                support = lodash.support;

            // Exit early for non `Object` objects.
            if (!(isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == objectTag) ||
                (!hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'constructor') &&
                    (Ctor = value.constructor, typeof Ctor == 'function' && !(Ctor instanceof Ctor)))) {
                return false;
            }
            // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
            // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
            // enumerable properties.
            var result;
            // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
            // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
            // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
            baseForIn(value, function(subValue, key) {
                result = key;
            });
            return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
        }

        /**
         * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which creates an array of the
         * own enumerable property names of `object`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
         */
        function shimKeys(object) {
            var props = keysIn(object),
                propsLength = props.length,
                length = propsLength && object.length,
                support = lodash.support;

            var allowIndexes = length && isLength(length) &&
                (isArray(object) || (support.nonEnumArgs && isArguments(object)));

            var index = -1,
                result = [];

            while (++index < propsLength) {
                var key = props[index];
                if ((allowIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) || hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) {
                    result.push(key);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Converts `value` to an array-like object if it is not one.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to process.
         * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the array-like object.
         */
        function toIterable(value) {
            if (value == null) {
                return [];
            }
            if (!isLength(value.length)) {
                return values(value);
            }
            return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
        }

        /**
         * Converts `value` to an object if it is not one.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {*} value The value to process.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the object.
         */
        function toObject(value) {
            return isObject(value) ? value : Object(value);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a clone of `wrapper`.
         *
         * @private
         * @param {Object} wrapper The wrapper to clone.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the cloned wrapper.
         */
        function wrapperClone(wrapper) {
            return wrapper instanceof LazyWrapper ? wrapper.clone() : new LodashWrapper(wrapper.__wrapped__, wrapper.__chain__, arrayCopy(wrapper.__actions__));
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates an array of elements split into groups the length of `size`.
         * If `collection` can't be split evenly, the final chunk will be the remaining
         * elements.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to process.
         * @param {number} [size=1] The length of each chunk.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array containing chunks.
         * @example
         *
         * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 2);
         * // => [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']]
         *
         * _.chunk(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'], 3);
         * // => [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d']]
         */
        function chunk(array, size, guard) {
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, size, guard) : size == null) {
                size = 1;
            } else {
                size = nativeMax(+size || 1, 1);
            }
            var index = 0,
                length = array ? array.length : 0,
                resIndex = -1,
                result = Array(ceil(length / size));

            while (index < length) {
                result[++resIndex] = baseSlice(array, index, (index += size));
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
         * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are falsey.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
         * @example
         *
         * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        function compact(array) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array ? array.length : 0,
                resIndex = -1,
                result = [];

            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];
                if (value) {
                    result[++resIndex] = value;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using
         * `SameValueZero` for equality comparisons.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
         * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
         * @example
         *
         * _.difference([1, 2, 3], [4, 2]);
         * // => [1, 3]
         */
        var difference = restParam(function(array, values) {
            return (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) ? baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(values, false, true)) : [];
        });

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the beginning.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.drop([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [2, 3]
         *
         * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 2);
         * // => [3]
         *
         * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 5);
         * // => []
         *
         * _.drop([1, 2, 3], 0);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        function drop(array, n, guard) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
                n = 1;
            }
            return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements dropped from the end.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to drop.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
         * // => [1]
         *
         * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
         * // => []
         *
         * _.dropRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        function dropRight(array, n, guard) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
                n = 1;
            }
            n = length - (+n || 0);
            return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the end.
         * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
         * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that match the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.dropRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return n > 1;
         * });
         * // => [1]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
         */
        function dropRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
            return (array && array.length) ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true, true) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` excluding elements dropped from the beginning.
         * Elements are dropped until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is
         * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.dropWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return n < 3;
         * });
         * // => [3]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['pebbles']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.dropWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
         */
        function dropWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
            return (array && array.length) ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), true) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Fills elements of `array` with `value` from `start` up to, but not
         * including, `end`.
         *
         * **Note:** This method mutates `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to fill.
         * @param {*} value The value to fill `array` with.
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
         * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2, 3];
         *
         * _.fill(array, 'a');
         * console.log(array);
         * // => ['a', 'a', 'a']
         *
         * _.fill(Array(3), 2);
         * // => [2, 2, 2]
         *
         * _.fill([4, 6, 8], '*', 1, 2);
         * // => [4, '*', 8]
         */
        function fill(array, value, start, end) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (start && typeof start != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, value, start)) {
                start = 0;
                end = length;
            }
            return baseFill(array, value, start, end);
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
         * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
         * ];
         *
         * _.findIndex(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.user == 'barney';
         * });
         * // => 0
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.findIndex(users, { 'user': 'fred', 'active': false });
         * // => 1
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.findIndex(users, 'active', false);
         * // => 0
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.findIndex(users, 'active');
         * // => 2
         */
        var findIndex = createFindIndex();

        /**
         * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
         * of `collection` from right to left.
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * _.findLastIndex(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.user == 'pebbles';
         * });
         * // => 2
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastIndex(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true });
         * // => 0
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active', false);
         * // => 2
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastIndex(users, 'active');
         * // => 0
         */
        var findLastIndex = createFindIndex(true);

        /**
         * Gets the first element of `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias head
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @returns {*} Returns the first element of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => 1
         *
         * _.first([]);
         * // => undefined
         */
        function first(array) {
            return array ? array[0] : undefined;
        }

        /**
         * Flattens a nested array. If `isDeep` is `true` the array is recursively
         * flattened, otherwise it is only flattened a single level.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
         * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep flatten.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
         * // => [1, 2, 3, [4]]
         *
         * // using `isDeep`
         * _.flatten([1, [2, 3, [4]]], true);
         * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
         */
        function flatten(array, isDeep, guard) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(array, isDeep, guard)) {
                isDeep = false;
            }
            return length ? baseFlatten(array, isDeep) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Recursively flattens a nested array.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to recursively flatten.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new flattened array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.flattenDeep([1, [2, 3, [4]]]);
         * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
         */
        function flattenDeep(array) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            return length ? baseFlatten(array, true) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found in `array`
         * using `SameValueZero` for equality comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative,
         * it is used as the offset from the end of `array`. If `array` is sorted
         * providing `true` for `fromIndex` performs a faster binary search.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to search.
         * @param {*} value The value to search for.
         * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
         *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
         * // => 1
         *
         * // using `fromIndex`
         * _.indexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
         * // => 3
         *
         * // performing a binary search
         * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
         * // => 2
         */
        function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return -1;
            }
            if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
                fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : fromIndex;
            } else if (fromIndex) {
                var index = binaryIndex(array, value),
                    other = array[index];

                if (value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other)) {
                    return index;
                }
                return -1;
            }
            return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex || 0);
        }

        /**
         * Gets all but the last element of `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [1, 2]
         */
        function initial(array) {
            return dropRight(array, 1);
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of unique values in all provided arrays using `SameValueZero`
         * for equality comparisons.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of shared values.
         * @example
         * _.intersection([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
         * // => [2]
         */
        function intersection() {
            var args = [],
                argsIndex = -1,
                argsLength = arguments.length,
                caches = [],
                indexOf = getIndexOf(),
                isCommon = indexOf == baseIndexOf;

            while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
                var value = arguments[argsIndex];
                if (isArray(value) || isArguments(value)) {
                    args.push(value);
                    caches.push((isCommon && value.length >= 120) ? createCache(argsIndex && value) : null);
                }
            }
            argsLength = args.length;
            var array = args[0],
                index = -1,
                length = array ? array.length : 0,
                result = [],
                seen = caches[0];

            outer:
                while (++index < length) {
                    value = array[index];
                    if ((seen ? cacheIndexOf(seen, value) : indexOf(result, value, 0)) < 0) {
                        argsIndex = argsLength;
                        while (--argsIndex) {
                            var cache = caches[argsIndex];
                            if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value, 0)) < 0) {
                                continue outer;
                            }
                        }
                        if (seen) {
                            seen.push(value);
                        }
                        result.push(value);
                    }
                }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the last element of `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @returns {*} Returns the last element of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => 3
         */
        function last(array) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            return length ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.indexOf` except that it iterates over elements of
         * `array` from right to left.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to search.
         * @param {*} value The value to search for.
         * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from
         *  or `true` to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value, else `-1`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2);
         * // => 3
         *
         * // using `fromIndex`
         * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 1, 2], 2, 2);
         * // => 1
         *
         * // performing a binary search
         * _.lastIndexOf([1, 1, 2, 2], 2, true);
         * // => 3
         */
        function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return -1;
            }
            var index = length;
            if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
                index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : nativeMin(fromIndex || 0, length - 1)) + 1;
            } else if (fromIndex) {
                index = binaryIndex(array, value, true) - 1;
                var other = array[index];
                if (value === value ? (value === other) : (other !== other)) {
                    return index;
                }
                return -1;
            }
            if (value !== value) {
                return indexOfNaN(array, index, true);
            }
            while (index--) {
                if (array[index] === value) {
                    return index;
                }
            }
            return -1;
        }

        /**
         * Removes all provided values from `array` using `SameValueZero` for equality
         * comparisons.
         *
         * **Notes:**
         *  - Unlike `_.without`, this method mutates `array`
         *  - [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         *    comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except
         *    that `NaN` matches `NaN`
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
         * @param {...*} [values] The values to remove.
         * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
         *
         * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [1, 1]
         */
        function pull() {
            var args = arguments,
                array = args[0];

            if (!(array && array.length)) {
                return array;
            }
            var index = 0,
                indexOf = getIndexOf(),
                length = args.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var fromIndex = 0,
                    value = args[index];

                while ((fromIndex = indexOf(array, value, fromIndex)) > -1) {
                    splice.call(array, fromIndex, 1);
                }
            }
            return array;
        }

        /**
         * Removes elements from `array` corresponding to the given indexes and returns
         * an array of the removed elements. Indexes may be specified as an array of
         * indexes or as individual arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** Unlike `_.at`, this method mutates `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
         * @param {...(number|number[])} [indexes] The indexes of elements to remove,
         *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [5, 10, 15, 20];
         * var evens = _.pullAt(array, 1, 3);
         *
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [5, 15]
         *
         * console.log(evens);
         * // => [10, 20]
         */
        var pullAt = restParam(function(array, indexes) {
            array || (array = []);
            indexes = baseFlatten(indexes);

            var length = indexes.length,
                result = baseAt(array, indexes);

            indexes.sort(baseCompareAscending);
            while (length--) {
                var index = parseFloat(indexes[length]);
                if (index != previous && isIndex(index)) {
                    var previous = index;
                    splice.call(array, index, 1);
                }
            }
            return result;
        });

        /**
         * Removes all elements from `array` that `predicate` returns truthy for
         * and returns an array of the removed elements. The predicate is bound to
         * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * **Note:** Unlike `_.filter`, this method mutates `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of removed elements.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4];
         * var evens = _.remove(array, function(n) {
         *   return n % 2 == 0;
         * });
         *
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [1, 3]
         *
         * console.log(evens);
         * // => [2, 4]
         */
        function remove(array, predicate, thisArg) {
            var index = -1,
                length = array ? array.length : 0,
                result = [];

            predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
            while (++index < length) {
                var value = array[index];
                if (predicate(value, index, array)) {
                    result.push(value);
                    splice.call(array, index--, 1);
                    length--;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets all but the first element of `array`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias tail
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [2, 3]
         */
        function rest(array) {
            return drop(array, 1);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` from `start` up to, but not including, `end`.
         *
         * **Note:** This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node
         * lists in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to slice.
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start position.
         * @param {number} [end=array.length] The end position.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         */
        function slice(array, start, end) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (end && typeof end != 'number' && isIterateeCall(array, start, end)) {
                start = 0;
                end = length;
            }
            return baseSlice(array, start, end);
        }

        /**
         * Uses a binary search to determine the lowest index at which `value` should
         * be inserted into `array` in order to maintain its sort order. If an iteratee
         * function is provided it is invoked for `value` and each element of `array`
         * to compute their sort ranking. The iteratee is bound to `thisArg` and
         * invoked with one argument; (value).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
         * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
         *  into `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.sortedIndex([30, 50], 40);
         * // => 1
         *
         * _.sortedIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
         * // => 2
         *
         * var dict = { 'data': { 'thirty': 30, 'forty': 40, 'fifty': 50 } };
         *
         * // using an iteratee function
         * _.sortedIndex(['thirty', 'fifty'], 'forty', function(word) {
         *   return this.data[word];
         * }, dict);
         * // => 1
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
         * // => 1
         */
        var sortedIndex = createSortedIndex();

        /**
         * This method is like `_.sortedIndex` except that it returns the highest
         * index at which `value` should be inserted into `array` in order to
         * maintain its sort order.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The sorted array to inspect.
         * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
         *  into `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.sortedLastIndex([4, 4, 5, 5], 5);
         * // => 4
         */
        var sortedLastIndex = createSortedIndex(true);

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the beginning.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.take([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [1]
         *
         * _.take([1, 2, 3], 2);
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * _.take([1, 2, 3], 5);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * _.take([1, 2, 3], 0);
         * // => []
         */
        function take(array, n, guard) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
                n = 1;
            }
            return baseSlice(array, 0, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with `n` elements taken from the end.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {number} [n=1] The number of elements to take.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [3]
         *
         * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 2);
         * // => [2, 3]
         *
         * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 5);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * _.takeRight([1, 2, 3], 0);
         * // => []
         */
        function takeRight(array, n, guard) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(array, n, guard) : n == null) {
                n = 1;
            }
            n = length - (+n || 0);
            return baseSlice(array, n < 0 ? 0 : n);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the end. Elements are
         * taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to `thisArg`
         * and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.takeRightWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return n > 1;
         * });
         * // => [2, 3]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => ['pebbles']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeRightWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => []
         */
        function takeRightWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
            return (array && array.length) ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3), false, true) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Creates a slice of `array` with elements taken from the beginning. Elements
         * are taken until `predicate` returns falsey. The predicate is bound to
         * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to query.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the slice of `array`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.takeWhile([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return n < 3;
         * });
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'active': false},
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'active': true }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.takeWhile(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => []
         */
        function takeWhile(array, predicate, thisArg) {
            return (array && array.length) ? baseWhile(array, getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3)) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using
         * `SameValueZero` for equality comparisons.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of combined values.
         * @example
         *
         * _.union([1, 2], [4, 2], [2, 1]);
         * // => [1, 2, 4]
         */
        var union = restParam(function(arrays) {
            return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arrays, false, true));
        });

        /**
         * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using `SameValueZero`
         * for equality comparisons. Providing `true` for `isSorted` performs a faster
         * search algorithm for sorted arrays. If an iteratee function is provided it
         * is invoked for each value in the array to generate the criterion by which
         * uniqueness is computed. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
         * with three arguments: (value, index, array).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias unique
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
         * @param {boolean} [isSorted] Specify the array is sorted.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new duplicate-value-free array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.uniq([1, 2, 1]);
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * // using `isSorted`
         * _.uniq([1, 1, 2], true);
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * // using an iteratee function
         * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 1.5, 2], function(n) {
         *   return this.floor(n);
         * }, Math);
         * // => [1, 2.5]
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
         * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
         */
        function uniq(array, isSorted, iteratee, thisArg) {
            var length = array ? array.length : 0;
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            if (isSorted != null && typeof isSorted != 'boolean') {
                thisArg = iteratee;
                iteratee = isIterateeCall(array, isSorted, thisArg) ? null : isSorted;
                isSorted = false;
            }
            var func = getCallback();
            if (!(func === baseCallback && iteratee == null)) {
                iteratee = func(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
            }
            return (isSorted && getIndexOf() == baseIndexOf) ? sortedUniq(array, iteratee) : baseUniq(array, iteratee);
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.zip` except that it accepts an array of grouped
         * elements and creates an array regrouping the elements to their pre-`_.zip`
         * configuration.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array of grouped elements to process.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of regrouped elements.
         * @example
         *
         * var zipped = _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
         * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
         *
         * _.unzip(zipped);
         * // => [['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]]
         */
        function unzip(array) {
            var index = -1,
                length = (array && array.length && arrayMax(arrayMap(array, getLength))) >>> 0,
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = arrayMap(array, baseProperty(index));
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array excluding all provided values using `SameValueZero` for
         * equality comparisons.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
         * @param {...*} [values] The values to exclude.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of filtered values.
         * @example
         *
         * _.without([1, 2, 1, 3], 1, 2);
         * // => [3]
         */
        var without = restParam(function(array, values) {
            return (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) ? baseDifference(array, values) : [];
        });

        /**
         * Creates an array that is the [symmetric difference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference)
         * of the provided arrays.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of values.
         * @example
         *
         * _.xor([1, 2], [4, 2]);
         * // => [1, 4]
         */
        function xor() {
            var index = -1,
                length = arguments.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var array = arguments[index];
                if (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) {
                    var result = result ? baseDifference(result, array).concat(baseDifference(array, result)) : array;
                }
            }
            return result ? baseUniq(result) : [];
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
         * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second elements
         * of the given arrays, and so on.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Array
         * @param {...Array} [arrays] The arrays to process.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of grouped elements.
         * @example
         *
         * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
         * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
         */
        var zip = restParam(unzip);

        /**
         * The inverse of `_.pairs`; this method returns an object composed from arrays
         * of property names and values. Provide either a single two dimensional array,
         * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]` or two arrays, one of property names
         * and one of corresponding values.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias object
         * @category Array
         * @param {Array} props The property names.
         * @param {Array} [values=[]] The property values.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         * @example
         *
         * _.zipObject([['fred', 30], ['barney', 40]]);
         * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
         *
         * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
         * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
         */
        function zipObject(props, values) {
            var index = -1,
                length = props ? props.length : 0,
                result = {};

            if (length && !values && !isArray(props[0])) {
                values = [];
            }
            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index];
                if (values) {
                    result[key] = values[index];
                } else if (key) {
                    result[key[0]] = key[1];
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps `value` with explicit method
         * chaining enabled.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
         * ];
         *
         * var youngest = _.chain(users)
         *   .sortBy('age')
         *   .map(function(chr) {
         *     return chr.user + ' is ' + chr.age;
         *   })
         *   .first()
         *   .value();
         * // => 'pebbles is 1'
         */
        function chain(value) {
            var result = lodash(value);
            result.__chain__ = true;
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * This method invokes `interceptor` and returns `value`. The interceptor is
         * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value). The purpose of
         * this method is to "tap into" a method chain in order to perform operations
         * on intermediate results within the chain.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
         * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
         * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
         * @example
         *
         * _([1, 2, 3])
         *  .tap(function(array) {
         *    array.pop();
         *  })
         *  .reverse()
         *  .value();
         * // => [2, 1]
         */
        function tap(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
            interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
            return value;
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.tap` except that it returns the result of `interceptor`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
         * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `interceptor`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the result of `interceptor`.
         * @example
         *
         * _('  abc  ')
         *  .chain()
         *  .trim()
         *  .thru(function(value) {
         *    return [value];
         *  })
         *  .value();
         * // => ['abc']
         */
        function thru(value, interceptor, thisArg) {
            return interceptor.call(thisArg, value);
        }

        /**
         * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
         *
         * @name chain
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
         * ];
         *
         * // without explicit chaining
         * _(users).first();
         * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
         *
         * // with explicit chaining
         * _(users).chain()
         *   .first()
         *   .pick('user')
         *   .value();
         * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
         */
        function wrapperChain() {
            return chain(this);
        }

        /**
         * Executes the chained sequence and returns the wrapped result.
         *
         * @name commit
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2];
         * var wrapper = _(array).push(3);
         *
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [1, 2]
         *
         * wrapper = wrapper.commit();
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * wrapper.last();
         * // => 3
         *
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        function wrapperCommit() {
            return new LodashWrapper(this.value(), this.__chain__);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a clone of the chained sequence planting `value` as the wrapped value.
         *
         * @name plant
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2];
         * var wrapper = _(array).map(function(value) {
         *   return Math.pow(value, 2);
         * });
         *
         * var other = [3, 4];
         * var otherWrapper = wrapper.plant(other);
         *
         * otherWrapper.value();
         * // => [9, 16]
         *
         * wrapper.value();
         * // => [1, 4]
         */
        function wrapperPlant(value) {
            var result,
                parent = this;

            while (parent instanceof baseLodash) {
                var clone = wrapperClone(parent);
                if (result) {
                    previous.__wrapped__ = clone;
                } else {
                    result = clone;
                }
                var previous = clone;
                parent = parent.__wrapped__;
            }
            previous.__wrapped__ = value;
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Reverses the wrapped array so the first element becomes the last, the
         * second element becomes the second to last, and so on.
         *
         * **Note:** This method mutates the wrapped array.
         *
         * @name reverse
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new reversed `lodash` wrapper instance.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [1, 2, 3];
         *
         * _(array).reverse().value()
         * // => [3, 2, 1]
         *
         * console.log(array);
         * // => [3, 2, 1]
         */
        function wrapperReverse() {
            var value = this.__wrapped__;
            if (value instanceof LazyWrapper) {
                if (this.__actions__.length) {
                    value = new LazyWrapper(this);
                }
                return new LodashWrapper(value.reverse(), this.__chain__);
            }
            return this.thru(function(value) {
                return value.reverse();
            });
        }

        /**
         * Produces the result of coercing the unwrapped value to a string.
         *
         * @name toString
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {string} Returns the coerced string value.
         * @example
         *
         * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
         * // => '1,2,3'
         */
        function wrapperToString() {
            return (this.value() + '');
        }

        /**
         * Executes the chained sequence to extract the unwrapped value.
         *
         * @name value
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias run, toJSON, valueOf
         * @category Chain
         * @returns {*} Returns the resolved unwrapped value.
         * @example
         *
         * _([1, 2, 3]).value();
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        function wrapperValue() {
            return baseWrapperValue(this.__wrapped__, this.__actions__);
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates an array of elements corresponding to the given keys, or indexes,
         * of `collection`. Keys may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
         * of keys.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [props] The property names
         *  or indexes of elements to pick, specified individually or in arrays.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of picked elements.
         * @example
         *
         * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c'], [0, 2]);
         * // => ['a', 'c']
         *
         * _.at(['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);
         * // => ['barney', 'pebbles']
         */
        var at = restParam(function(collection, props) {
            var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
            if (isLength(length)) {
                collection = toIterable(collection);
            }
            return baseAt(collection, baseFlatten(props));
        });

        /**
         * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
         * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
         * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by `iteratee`.
         * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
         * @example
         *
         * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
         *   return Math.floor(n);
         * });
         * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
         *
         * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
         *   return this.floor(n);
         * }, Math);
         * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
         *
         * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
         * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
         */
        var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
            hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? ++result[key] : (result[key] = 1);
        });

        /**
         * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **all** elements of `collection`.
         * The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias all
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the predicate check,
         *  else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
         * // => false
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.every(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
         * // => false
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.every(users, 'active', false);
         * // => true
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.every(users, 'active');
         * // => false
         */
        function every(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
            var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayEvery : baseEvery;
            if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
                predicate = null;
            }
            if (typeof predicate != 'function' || typeof thisArg != 'undefined') {
                predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
            }
            return func(collection, predicate);
        }

        /**
         * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning an array of all elements
         * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
         * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias select
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.filter([4, 5, 6], function(n) {
         *   return n % 2 == 0;
         * });
         * // => [4, 6]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.filter(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['fred']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.filter(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         */
        function filter(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
            var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
            predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
            return func(collection, predicate);
        }

        /**
         * Iterates over elements of `collection`, returning the first element
         * `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and
         * invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias detect
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': true }
         * ];
         *
         * _.result(_.find(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.age < 40;
         * }), 'user');
         * // => 'barney'
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.result(_.find(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true }), 'user');
         * // => 'pebbles'
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.result(_.find(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => 'fred'
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.result(_.find(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => 'barney'
         */
        var find = createFind(baseEach);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements of
         * `collection` from right to left.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
         *   return n % 2 == 1;
         * });
         * // => 3
         */
        var findLast = createFind(baseEachRight, true);

        /**
         * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
         * source object, returning the first element that has equivalent property
         * values.
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
         * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
         * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
         * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
         * @returns {*} Returns the matched element, else `undefined`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true }), 'user');
         * // => 'barney'
         *
         * _.result(_.findWhere(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => 'fred'
         */
        function findWhere(collection, source) {
            return find(collection, baseMatches(source));
        }

        /**
         * Iterates over elements of `collection` invoking `iteratee` for each element.
         * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection). Iterator functions may exit iteration early
         * by explicitly returning `false`.
         *
         * **Note:** As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a `length` property
         * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
         * may be used for object iteration.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias each
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
         * @example
         *
         * _([1, 2]).forEach(function(n) {
         *   console.log(n);
         * }).value();
         * // => logs each value from left to right and returns the array
         *
         * _.forEach({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n, key) {
         *   console.log(n, key);
         * });
         * // => logs each value-key pair and returns the object (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        var forEach = createForEach(arrayEach, baseEach);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements of
         * `collection` from right to left.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias eachRight
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
         * @example
         *
         * _([1, 2]).forEachRight(function(n) {
         *   console.log(n);
         * }).value();
         * // => logs each value from right to left and returns the array
         */
        var forEachRight = createForEach(arrayEachRight, baseEachRight);

        /**
         * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
         * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
         * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
         * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
         * @example
         *
         * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
         *   return Math.floor(n);
         * });
         * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
         *
         * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(n) {
         *   return this.floor(n);
         * }, Math);
         * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
         * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
         */
        var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
            if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key)) {
                result[key].push(value);
            } else {
                result[key] = [value];
            }
        });

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is in `collection` using `SameValueZero` for equality
         * comparisons. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the offset from
         * the end of `collection`.
         *
         * **Note:** [`SameValueZero`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-samevaluezero)
         * comparisons are like strict equality comparisons, e.g. `===`, except that
         * `NaN` matches `NaN`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias contains, include
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {*} target The value to search for.
         * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if a matching element is found, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.includes([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.includes({ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
         * // => true
         *
         * _.includes('pebbles', 'eb');
         * // => true
         */
        function includes(collection, target, fromIndex, guard) {
            var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
            if (!isLength(length)) {
                collection = values(collection);
                length = collection.length;
            }
            if (!length) {
                return false;
            }
            if (typeof fromIndex != 'number' || (guard && isIterateeCall(target, fromIndex, guard))) {
                fromIndex = 0;
            } else {
                fromIndex = fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(length + fromIndex, 0) : (fromIndex || 0);
            }
            return (typeof collection == 'string' || !isArray(collection) && isString(collection)) ? (fromIndex < length && collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) > -1) : (getIndexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1);
        }

        /**
         * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
         * each element of `collection` through `iteratee`. The corresponding value
         * of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key. The
         * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
         * @example
         *
         * var keyData = [
         *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
         *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.indexBy(keyData, 'dir');
         * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
         *
         * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
         *   return String.fromCharCode(object.code);
         * });
         * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
         *
         * _.indexBy(keyData, function(object) {
         *   return this.fromCharCode(object.code);
         * }, String);
         * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
         */
        var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
            result[key] = value;
        });

        /**
         * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in `collection`,
         * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Any additional
         * arguments are provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function
         * it is invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in `collection`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
         *  the function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the method with.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
         * @example
         *
         * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
         * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
         *
         * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
         * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
         */
        var invoke = restParam(function(collection, methodName, args) {
            var index = -1,
                isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
                length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
                result = isLength(length) ? Array(length) : [];

            baseEach(collection, function(value) {
                var func = isFunc ? methodName : (value != null && value[methodName]);
                result[++index] = func ? func.apply(value, args) : undefined;
            });
            return result;
        });

        /**
         * Creates an array of values by running each element in `collection` through
         * `iteratee`. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
         * arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as interatees for methods like
         * `_.every`, `_.filter`, `_.map`, `_.mapValues`, `_.reject`, and `_.some`.
         *
         * The guarded methods are:
         * `ary`, `callback`, `chunk`, `clone`, `create`, `curry`, `curryRight`, `drop`,
         * `dropRight`, `every`, `fill`, `flatten`, `invert`, `max`, `min`, `parseInt`,
         * `slice`, `sortBy`, `take`, `takeRight`, `template`, `trim`, `trimLeft`,
         * `trimRight`, `trunc`, `random`, `range`, `sample`, `some`, `uniq`, and `words`
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias collect
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         *  create a `_.property` or `_.matches` style callback respectively.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new mapped array.
         * @example
         *
         * function timesThree(n) {
         *   return n * 3;
         * }
         *
         * _.map([1, 2], timesThree);
         * // => [3, 6]
         *
         * _.map({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, timesThree);
         * // => [3, 6] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney' },
         *   { 'user': 'fred' }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.map(users, 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred']
         */
        function map(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
            var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayMap : baseMap;
            iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
            return func(collection, iteratee);
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of elements split into two groups, the first of which
         * contains elements `predicate` returns truthy for, while the second of which
         * contains elements `predicate` returns falsey for. The predicate is bound
         * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of grouped elements.
         * @example
         *
         * _.partition([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return n % 2;
         * });
         * // => [[1, 3], [2]]
         *
         * _.partition([1.2, 2.3, 3.4], function(n) {
         *   return this.floor(n) % 2;
         * }, Math);
         * // => [[1.2, 3.4], [2.3]]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * var mapper = function(array) {
         *   return _.pluck(array, 'user');
         * };
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.map(_.partition(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': false }), mapper);
         * // => [['pebbles'], ['barney', 'fred']]
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active', false), mapper);
         * // => [['barney', 'pebbles'], ['fred']]
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.map(_.partition(users, 'active'), mapper);
         * // => [['fred'], ['barney', 'pebbles']]
         */
        var partition = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
            result[key ? 0 : 1].push(value);
        }, function() {
            return [
                [],
                []
            ];
        });

        /**
         * Gets the value of `key` from all elements in `collection`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to pluck.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the property values.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.pluck(users, 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred']
         *
         * var userIndex = _.indexBy(users, 'user');
         * _.pluck(userIndex, 'age');
         * // => [36, 40] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        function pluck(collection, key) {
            return map(collection, baseProperty(key));
        }

        /**
         * Reduces `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
         * each element in `collection` through `iteratee`, where each successive
         * invocation is supplied the return value of the previous. If `accumulator`
         * is not provided the first element of `collection` is used as the initial
         * value. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments:
         * (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * Many lodash methods are guarded to work as interatees for methods like
         * `_.reduce`, `_.reduceRight`, and `_.transform`.
         *
         * The guarded methods are:
         * `assign`, `defaults`, `includes`, `merge`, `sortByAll`, and `sortByOrder`
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias foldl, inject
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         * @example
         *
         * _.reduce([1, 2], function(sum, n) {
         *   return sum + n;
         * });
         * // => 3
         *
         * _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
         *   result[key] = n * 3;
         *   return result;
         * }, {});
         * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        var reduce = createReduce(arrayReduce, baseEach);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements of
         * `collection` from right to left.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias foldr
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [accumulator] The initial value.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         * @example
         *
         * var array = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
         *
         * _.reduceRight(array, function(flattened, other) {
         *   return flattened.concat(other);
         * }, []);
         * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
         */
        var reduceRight = createReduce(arrayReduceRight, baseEachRight);

        /**
         * The opposite of `_.filter`; this method returns the elements of `collection`
         * that `predicate` does **not** return truthy for.
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4], function(n) {
         *   return n % 2 == 0;
         * });
         * // => [1, 3]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.reject(users, { 'age': 40, 'active': true }), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active', false), 'user');
         * // => ['fred']
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.reject(users, 'active'), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         */
        function reject(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
            var func = isArray(collection) ? arrayFilter : baseFilter;
            predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
            return func(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
                return !predicate(value, index, collection);
            });
        }

        /**
         * Gets a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
         * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the random sample(s).
         * @example
         *
         * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
         * // => 2
         *
         * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
         * // => [3, 1]
         */
        function sample(collection, n, guard) {
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(collection, n, guard) : n == null) {
                collection = toIterable(collection);
                var length = collection.length;
                return length > 0 ? collection[baseRandom(0, length - 1)] : undefined;
            }
            var result = shuffle(collection);
            result.length = nativeMin(n < 0 ? 0 : (+n || 0), result.length);
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the
         * [Fisher-Yates shuffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new shuffled array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4]);
         * // => [4, 1, 3, 2]
         */
        function shuffle(collection) {
            collection = toIterable(collection);

            var index = -1,
                length = collection.length,
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                var rand = baseRandom(0, index);
                if (index != rand) {
                    result[index] = result[rand];
                }
                result[rand] = collection[index];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the size of `collection` by returning its length for array-like
         * values or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
         * @returns {number} Returns the size of `collection`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.size([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => 3
         *
         * _.size({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 });
         * // => 2
         *
         * _.size('pebbles');
         * // => 7
         */
        function size(collection) {
            var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
            return isLength(length) ? length : keys(collection).length;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `predicate` returns truthy for **any** element of `collection`.
         * The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and does not iterate
         * over the entire collection. The predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
         * with three arguments: (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias any
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the predicate check,
         *  else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
         * // => true
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.some(users, { 'user': 'barney', 'active': false });
         * // => false
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.some(users, 'active', false);
         * // => true
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.some(users, 'active');
         * // => true
         */
        function some(collection, predicate, thisArg) {
            var func = isArray(collection) ? arraySome : baseSome;
            if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, predicate, thisArg)) {
                predicate = null;
            }
            if (typeof predicate != 'function' || typeof thisArg != 'undefined') {
                predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 3);
            }
            return func(collection, predicate);
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
         * running each element in a collection through `iteratee`. This method performs
         * a stable sort, that is, it preserves the original sort order of equal elements.
         * The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, index|key, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function
         *  invoked per iteration. If a property name or an object is provided it is
         *  used to create a `_.property` or `_.matches` style callback respectively.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
         * @example
         *
         * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return Math.sin(n);
         * });
         * // => [3, 1, 2]
         *
         * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(n) {
         *   return this.sin(n);
         * }, Math);
         * // => [3, 1, 2]
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'fred' },
         *   { 'user': 'pebbles' },
         *   { 'user': 'barney' }
         * ];
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.pluck(_.sortBy(users, 'user'), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred', 'pebbles']
         */
        function sortBy(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
            if (collection == null) {
                return [];
            }
            var index = -1,
                length = collection.length,
                result = isLength(length) ? Array(length) : [];

            if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
                iteratee = null;
            }
            iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
            baseEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
                result[++index] = {
                    'criteria': iteratee(value, key, collection),
                    'index': index,
                    'value': value
                };
            });
            return baseSortBy(result, compareAscending);
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.sortBy` except that it sorts by property names
         * instead of an iteratee function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {...(string|string[])} props The property names to sort by,
         *  specified as individual property names or arrays of property names.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 26 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 30 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.map(_.sortByAll(users, ['user', 'age']), _.values);
         * // => [['barney', 26], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 40]]
         */
        function sortByAll() {
            var args = arguments,
                collection = args[0],
                guard = args[3],
                index = 0,
                length = args.length - 1;

            if (collection == null) {
                return [];
            }
            var props = Array(length);
            while (index < length) {
                props[index] = args[++index];
            }
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(args[1], args[2], guard)) {
                props = args[1];
            }
            return baseSortByOrder(collection, baseFlatten(props), []);
        }

        /**
         * This method is like `_.sortByAll` except that it allows specifying the
         * sort orders of the property names to sort by. A truthy value in `orders`
         * will sort the corresponding property name in ascending order while a
         * falsey value will sort it in descending order.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {string[]} props The property names to sort by.
         * @param {boolean[]} orders The sort orders of `props`.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.reduce`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new sorted array.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 26 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 30 }
         * ];
         *
         * // sort by `user` in ascending order and by `age` in descending order
         * _.map(_.sortByOrder(users, ['user', 'age'], [true, false]), _.values);
         * // => [['barney', 36], ['barney', 26], ['fred', 40], ['fred', 30]]
         */
        function sortByOrder(collection, props, orders, guard) {
            if (collection == null) {
                return [];
            }
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(props, orders, guard)) {
                orders = null;
            }
            if (!isArray(props)) {
                props = props == null ? [] : [props];
            }
            if (!isArray(orders)) {
                orders = orders == null ? [] : [orders];
            }
            return baseSortByOrder(collection, props, orders);
        }

        /**
         * Performs a deep comparison between each element in `collection` and the
         * source object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
         * property values.
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
         * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
         * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
         * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Collection
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to search.
         * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new filtered array.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': false, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': true, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
         * ];
         *
         * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': false }), 'user');
         * // => ['barney']
         *
         * _.pluck(_.where(users, { 'pets': ['dino'] }), 'user');
         * // => ['fred']
         */
        function where(collection, source) {
            return filter(collection, baseMatches(source));
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch
         * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Date
         * @example
         *
         * _.defer(function(stamp) {
         *   console.log(_.now() - stamp);
         * }, _.now());
         * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be invoked
         */
        var now = nativeNow || function() {
            return new Date().getTime();
        };

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * The opposite of `_.before`; this method creates a function that invokes
         * `func` once it is called `n` or more times.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {number} n The number of calls before `func` is invoked.
         * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
         * @example
         *
         * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
         *
         * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
         *   console.log('done saving!');
         * });
         *
         * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
         *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
         * });
         * // => logs 'done saving!' after the two async saves have completed
         */
        function after(n, func) {
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                if (typeof n == 'function') {
                    var temp = n;
                    n = func;
                    func = temp;
                } else {
                    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
                }
            }
            n = nativeIsFinite(n = +n) ? n : 0;
            return function() {
                if (--n < 1) {
                    return func.apply(this, arguments);
                }
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that accepts up to `n` arguments ignoring any
         * additional arguments.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to cap arguments for.
         * @param {number} [n=func.length] The arity cap.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * _.map(['6', '8', '10'], _.ary(parseInt, 1));
         * // => [6, 8, 10]
         */
        function ary(func, n, guard) {
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, n, guard)) {
                n = null;
            }
            n = (func && n == null) ? func.length : nativeMax(+n || 0, 0);
            return createWrapper(func, ARY_FLAG, null, null, null, null, n);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func`, with the `this` binding and arguments
         * of the created function, while it is called less than `n` times. Subsequent
         * calls to the created function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {number} n The number of calls at which `func` is no longer invoked.
         * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
         * @example
         *
         * jQuery('#add').on('click', _.before(5, addContactToList));
         * // => allows adding up to 4 contacts to the list
         */
        function before(n, func) {
            var result;
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                if (typeof n == 'function') {
                    var temp = n;
                    n = func;
                    func = temp;
                } else {
                    throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
                }
            }
            return function() {
                if (--n > 0) {
                    result = func.apply(this, arguments);
                } else {
                    func = null;
                }
                return result;
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
         * and prepends any additional `_.bind` arguments to those provided to the
         * bound function.
         *
         * The `_.bind.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
         * may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** Unlike native `Function#bind` this method does not set the `length`
         * property of bound functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
         * @param {*} thisArg The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
         * @example
         *
         * var greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
         *   return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
         * };
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         *
         * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, 'hi');
         * bound('!');
         * // => 'hi fred!'
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * var bound = _.bind(greet, object, _, '!');
         * bound('hi');
         * // => 'hi fred!'
         */
        var bind = restParam(function(func, thisArg, partials) {
            var bitmask = BIND_FLAG;
            if (partials.length) {
                var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bind.placeholder);
                bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
            }
            return createWrapper(func, bitmask, thisArg, partials, holders);
        });

        /**
         * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
         * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
         * of method names. If no method names are provided all enumerable function
         * properties, own and inherited, of `object` are bound.
         *
         * **Note:** This method does not set the `length` property of bound functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
         * @param {...(string|string[])} [methodNames] The object method names to bind,
         *  specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * var view = {
         *   'label': 'docs',
         *   'onClick': function() {
         *     console.log('clicked ' + this.label);
         *   }
         * };
         *
         * _.bindAll(view);
         * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
         * // => logs 'clicked docs' when the element is clicked
         */
        var bindAll = restParam(function(object, methodNames) {
            methodNames = methodNames.length ? baseFlatten(methodNames) : functions(object);

            var index = -1,
                length = methodNames.length;

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = methodNames[index];
                object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], BIND_FLAG, object);
            }
            return object;
        });

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes the method at `object[key]` and prepends
         * any additional `_.bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound function.
         *
         * This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to reference
         * methods that may be redefined or don't yet exist.
         * See [Peter Michaux's article](http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern)
         * for more details.
         *
         * The `_.bindKey.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
         * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
         * @param {string} key The key of the method.
         * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = {
         *   'user': 'fred',
         *   'greet': function(greeting, punctuation) {
         *     return greeting + ' ' + this.user + punctuation;
         *   }
         * };
         *
         * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
         * bound('!');
         * // => 'hi fred!'
         *
         * object.greet = function(greeting, punctuation) {
         *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.user + punctuation;
         * };
         *
         * bound('!');
         * // => 'hiya fred!'
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * var bound = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', _, '!');
         * bound('hi');
         * // => 'hiya fred!'
         */
        var bindKey = restParam(function(object, key, partials) {
            var bitmask = BIND_FLAG | BIND_KEY_FLAG;
            if (partials.length) {
                var holders = replaceHolders(partials, bindKey.placeholder);
                bitmask |= PARTIAL_FLAG;
            }
            return createWrapper(key, bitmask, object, partials, holders);
        });

        /**
         * Creates a function that accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
         * called either invokes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
         * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
         * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` may be specified
         * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
         *
         * The `_.curry.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic builds,
         * may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** This method does not set the `length` property of curried functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
         * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
         * @example
         *
         * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
         *   return [a, b, c];
         * };
         *
         * var curried = _.curry(abc);
         *
         * curried(1)(2)(3);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * curried(1, 2)(3);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * curried(1, 2, 3);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * curried(1)(_, 3)(2);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        var curry = createCurry(CURRY_FLAG);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.curry` except that arguments are applied to `func`
         * in the manner of `_.partialRight` instead of `_.partial`.
         *
         * The `_.curryRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
         * builds, may be used as a placeholder for provided arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** This method does not set the `length` property of curried functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
         * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
         * @example
         *
         * var abc = function(a, b, c) {
         *   return [a, b, c];
         * };
         *
         * var curried = _.curryRight(abc);
         *
         * curried(3)(2)(1);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * curried(2, 3)(1);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * curried(1, 2, 3);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * curried(3)(1, _)(2);
         * // => [1, 2, 3]
         */
        var curryRight = createCurry(CURRY_RIGHT_FLAG);

        /**
         * Creates a function that delays invoking `func` until after `wait` milliseconds
         * have elapsed since the last time it was invoked. The created function comes
         * with a `cancel` method to cancel delayed invocations. Provide an options
         * object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or
         * trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the debounced
         * function return the result of the last `func` invocation.
         *
         * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
         * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
         * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
         *
         * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
         * for details over the differences between `_.debounce` and `_.throttle`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
         * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to delay.
         * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
         * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify invoking on the leading
         *  edge of the timeout.
         * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be
         *  delayed before it is invoked.
         * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
         *  edge of the timeout.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
         * @example
         *
         * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
         * jQuery(window).on('resize', _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150));
         *
         * // invoke `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
         * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
         *   'leading': true,
         *   'trailing': false
         * }));
         *
         * // ensure `batchLog` is invoked once after 1 second of debounced calls
         * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
         * jQuery(source).on('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
         *   'maxWait': 1000
         * }));
         *
         * // cancel a debounced call
         * var todoChanges = _.debounce(batchLog, 1000);
         * Object.observe(models.todo, todoChanges);
         *
         * Object.observe(models, function(changes) {
         *   if (_.find(changes, { 'user': 'todo', 'type': 'delete'})) {
         *     todoChanges.cancel();
         *   }
         * }, ['delete']);
         *
         * // ...at some point `models.todo` is changed
         * models.todo.completed = true;
         *
         * // ...before 1 second has passed `models.todo` is deleted
         * // which cancels the debounced `todoChanges` call
         * delete models.todo;
         */
        function debounce(func, wait, options) {
            var args,
                maxTimeoutId,
                result,
                stamp,
                thisArg,
                timeoutId,
                trailingCall,
                lastCalled = 0,
                maxWait = false,
                trailing = true;

            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            wait = wait < 0 ? 0 : (+wait || 0);
            if (options === true) {
                var leading = true;
                trailing = false;
            } else if (isObject(options)) {
                leading = options.leading;
                maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && nativeMax(+options.maxWait || 0, wait);
                trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
            }

            function cancel() {
                if (timeoutId) {
                    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
                }
                if (maxTimeoutId) {
                    clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
                }
                maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
            }

            function delayed() {
                var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
                if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
                    if (maxTimeoutId) {
                        clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
                    }
                    var isCalled = trailingCall;
                    maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
                    if (isCalled) {
                        lastCalled = now();
                        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
                        if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
                            args = thisArg = null;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
                }
            }

            function maxDelayed() {
                if (timeoutId) {
                    clearTimeout(timeoutId);
                }
                maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
                if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {
                    lastCalled = now();
                    result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
                    if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
                        args = thisArg = null;
                    }
                }
            }

            function debounced() {
                args = arguments;
                stamp = now();
                thisArg = this;
                trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);

                if (maxWait === false) {
                    var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
                } else {
                    if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
                        lastCalled = stamp;
                    }
                    var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),
                        isCalled = remaining <= 0 || remaining > maxWait;

                    if (isCalled) {
                        if (maxTimeoutId) {
                            maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
                        }
                        lastCalled = stamp;
                        result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
                    } else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
                        maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
                    }
                }
                if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
                    timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
                } else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
                    timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
                }
                if (leadingCall) {
                    isCalled = true;
                    result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
                }
                if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
                    args = thisArg = null;
                }
                return result;
            }
            debounced.cancel = cancel;
            return debounced;
        }

        /**
         * Defers invoking the `func` until the current call stack has cleared. Any
         * additional arguments are provided to `func` when it is invoked.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
         * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
         * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
         * @example
         *
         * _.defer(function(text) {
         *   console.log(text);
         * }, 'deferred');
         * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
         */
        var defer = restParam(function(func, args) {
            return baseDelay(func, 1, args);
        });

        /**
         * Invokes `func` after `wait` milliseconds. Any additional arguments are
         * provided to `func` when it is invoked.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
         * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay invocation.
         * @param {...*} [args] The arguments to invoke the function with.
         * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
         * @example
         *
         * _.delay(function(text) {
         *   console.log(text);
         * }, 1000, 'later');
         * // => logs 'later' after one second
         */
        var delay = restParam(function(func, wait, args) {
            return baseDelay(func, wait, args);
        });

        /**
         * Creates a function that returns the result of invoking the provided
         * functions with the `this` binding of the created function, where each
         * successive invocation is supplied the return value of the previous.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * function square(n) {
         *   return n * n;
         * }
         *
         * var addSquare = _.flow(_.add, square);
         * addSquare(1, 2);
         * // => 9
         */
        var flow = createFlow();

        /**
         * This method is like `_.flow` except that it creates a function that
         * invokes the provided functions from right to left.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias backflow, compose
         * @category Function
         * @param {...Function} [funcs] Functions to invoke.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * function square(n) {
         *   return n * n;
         * }
         *
         * var addSquare = _.flowRight(square, _.add);
         * addSquare(1, 2);
         * // => 9
         */
        var flowRight = createFlow(true);

        /**
         * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
         * provided it determines the cache key for storing the result based on the
         * arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the first argument
         * provided to the memoized function is coerced to a string and used as the
         * cache key. The `func` is invoked with the `this` binding of the memoized
         * function.
         *
         * **Note:** The cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized
         * function. Its creation may be customized by replacing the `_.memoize.Cache`
         * constructor with one whose instances implement the [`Map`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-properties-of-the-map-prototype-object)
         * method interface of `get`, `has`, and `set`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
         * @param {Function} [resolver] The function to resolve the cache key.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
         * @example
         *
         * var upperCase = _.memoize(function(string) {
         *   return string.toUpperCase();
         * });
         *
         * upperCase('fred');
         * // => 'FRED'
         *
         * // modifying the result cache
         * upperCase.cache.set('fred', 'BARNEY');
         * upperCase('fred');
         * // => 'BARNEY'
         *
         * // replacing `_.memoize.Cache`
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         * var other = { 'user': 'barney' };
         * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
         *
         * identity(object);
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         * identity(other);
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         *
         * _.memoize.Cache = WeakMap;
         * var identity = _.memoize(_.identity);
         *
         * identity(object);
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         * identity(other);
         * // => { 'user': 'barney' }
         */
        function memoize(func, resolver) {
            if (typeof func != 'function' || (resolver && typeof resolver != 'function')) {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            var memoized = function() {
                var args = arguments,
                    cache = memoized.cache,
                    key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, args) : args[0];

                if (cache.has(key)) {
                    return cache.get(key);
                }
                var result = func.apply(this, args);
                cache.set(key, result);
                return result;
            };
            memoized.cache = new memoize.Cache;
            return memoized;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that negates the result of the predicate `func`. The
         * `func` predicate is invoked with the `this` binding and arguments of the
         * created function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} predicate The predicate to negate.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * function isEven(n) {
         *   return n % 2 == 0;
         * }
         *
         * _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], _.negate(isEven));
         * // => [1, 3, 5]
         */
        function negate(predicate) {
            if (typeof predicate != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            return function() {
                return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that is restricted to invoking `func` once. Repeat calls
         * to the function return the value of the first call. The `func` is invoked
         * with the `this` binding and arguments of the created function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
         * @example
         *
         * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
         * initialize();
         * initialize();
         * // `initialize` invokes `createApplication` once
         */
        function once(func) {
            return before(func, 2);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with `partial` arguments prepended
         * to those provided to the new function. This method is like `_.bind` except
         * it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
         *
         * The `_.partial.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
         * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** This method does not set the `length` property of partially
         * applied functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
         * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
         * @example
         *
         * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
         *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
         * };
         *
         * var sayHelloTo = _.partial(greet, 'hello');
         * sayHelloTo('fred');
         * // => 'hello fred'
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * var greetFred = _.partial(greet, _, 'fred');
         * greetFred('hi');
         * // => 'hi fred'
         */
        var partial = createPartial(PARTIAL_FLAG);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.partial` except that partially applied arguments
         * are appended to those provided to the new function.
         *
         * The `_.partialRight.placeholder` value, which defaults to `_` in monolithic
         * builds, may be used as a placeholder for partially applied arguments.
         *
         * **Note:** This method does not set the `length` property of partially
         * applied functions.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
         * @param {...*} [partials] The arguments to be partially applied.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
         * @example
         *
         * var greet = function(greeting, name) {
         *   return greeting + ' ' + name;
         * };
         *
         * var greetFred = _.partialRight(greet, 'fred');
         * greetFred('hi');
         * // => 'hi fred'
         *
         * // using placeholders
         * var sayHelloTo = _.partialRight(greet, 'hello', _);
         * sayHelloTo('fred');
         * // => 'hello fred'
         */
        var partialRight = createPartial(PARTIAL_RIGHT_FLAG);

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with arguments arranged according
         * to the specified indexes where the argument value at the first index is
         * provided as the first argument, the argument value at the second index is
         * provided as the second argument, and so on.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to rearrange arguments for.
         * @param {...(number|number[])} indexes The arranged argument indexes,
         *  specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var rearged = _.rearg(function(a, b, c) {
         *   return [a, b, c];
         * }, 2, 0, 1);
         *
         * rearged('b', 'c', 'a')
         * // => ['a', 'b', 'c']
         *
         * var map = _.rearg(_.map, [1, 0]);
         * map(function(n) {
         *   return n * 3;
         * }, [1, 2, 3]);
         * // => [3, 6, 9]
         */
        var rearg = restParam(function(func, indexes) {
            return createWrapper(func, REARG_FLAG, null, null, null, baseFlatten(indexes));
        });

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the
         * created function and arguments from `start` and beyond provided as an array.
         *
         * **Note:** This method is based on the [rest parameter](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to apply a rest parameter to.
         * @param {number} [start=func.length-1] The start position of the rest parameter.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var say = _.restParam(function(what, names) {
         *   return what + ' ' + _.initial(names).join(', ') +
         *     (_.size(names) > 1 ? ', & ' : '') + _.last(names);
         * });
         *
         * say('hello', 'fred', 'barney', 'pebbles');
         * // => 'hello fred, barney, & pebbles'
         */
        function restParam(func, start) {
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            start = nativeMax(typeof start == 'undefined' ? (func.length - 1) : (+start || 0), 0);
            return function() {
                var args = arguments,
                    index = -1,
                    length = nativeMax(args.length - start, 0),
                    rest = Array(length);

                while (++index < length) {
                    rest[index] = args[start + index];
                }
                switch (start) {
                    case 0:
                        return func.call(this, rest);
                    case 1:
                        return func.call(this, args[0], rest);
                    case 2:
                        return func.call(this, args[0], args[1], rest);
                }
                var otherArgs = Array(start + 1);
                index = -1;
                while (++index < start) {
                    otherArgs[index] = args[index];
                }
                otherArgs[start] = rest;
                return func.apply(this, otherArgs);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of the created
         * function and an array of arguments much like [`Function#apply`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.3).
         *
         * **Note:** This method is based on the [spread operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to spread arguments over.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var say = _.spread(function(who, what) {
         *   return who + ' says ' + what;
         * });
         *
         * say(['fred', 'hello']);
         * // => 'fred says hello'
         *
         * // with a Promise
         * var numbers = Promise.all([
         *   Promise.resolve(40),
         *   Promise.resolve(36)
         * ]);
         *
         * numbers.then(_.spread(function(x, y) {
         *   return x + y;
         * }));
         * // => a Promise of 76
         */
        function spread(func) {
            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            return function(array) {
                return func.apply(this, array);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that only invokes `func` at most once per every `wait`
         * milliseconds. The created function comes with a `cancel` method to cancel
         * delayed invocations. Provide an options object to indicate that `func`
         * should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout.
         * Subsequent calls to the throttled function return the result of the last
         * `func` call.
         *
         * **Note:** If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true`, `func` is invoked
         * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
         * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
         *
         * See [David Corbacho's article](http://drupalmotion.com/article/debounce-and-throttle-visual-explanation)
         * for details over the differences between `_.throttle` and `_.debounce`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
         * @param {number} [wait=0] The number of milliseconds to throttle invocations to.
         * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
         * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify invoking on the leading
         *  edge of the timeout.
         * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify invoking on the trailing
         *  edge of the timeout.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
         * @example
         *
         * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
         * jQuery(window).on('scroll', _.throttle(updatePosition, 100));
         *
         * // invoke `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
         * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
         *   'trailing': false
         * }));
         *
         * // cancel a trailing throttled call
         * jQuery(window).on('popstate', throttled.cancel);
         */
        function throttle(func, wait, options) {
            var leading = true,
                trailing = true;

            if (typeof func != 'function') {
                throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);
            }
            if (options === false) {
                leading = false;
            } else if (isObject(options)) {
                leading = 'leading' in options ? !!options.leading : leading;
                trailing = 'trailing' in options ? !!options.trailing : trailing;
            }
            debounceOptions.leading = leading;
            debounceOptions.maxWait = +wait;
            debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;
            return debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
         * first argument. Any additional arguments provided to the function are
         * appended to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is invoked
         * with the `this` binding of the created function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Function
         * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
         * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
         *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
         * });
         *
         * p('fred, barney, & pebbles');
         * // => '<p>fred, barney, &amp; pebbles</p>'
         */
        function wrap(value, wrapper) {
            wrapper = wrapper == null ? identity : wrapper;
            return createWrapper(wrapper, PARTIAL_FLAG, null, [value], []);
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects are cloned,
         * otherwise they are assigned by reference. If `customizer` is provided it is
         * invoked to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
         * cloning is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to
         * `thisArg` and invoked with two argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
         *
         * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
         * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
         * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
         * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
         * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
         * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to clone.
         * @param {boolean} [isDeep] Specify a deep clone.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney' },
         *   { 'user': 'fred' }
         * ];
         *
         * var shallow = _.clone(users);
         * shallow[0] === users[0];
         * // => true
         *
         * var deep = _.clone(users, true);
         * deep[0] === users[0];
         * // => false
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var el = _.clone(document.body, function(value) {
         *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
         *     return value.cloneNode(false);
         *   }
         * });
         *
         * el === document.body
         * // => false
         * el.nodeName
         * // => BODY
         * el.childNodes.length;
         * // => 0
         */
        function clone(value, isDeep, customizer, thisArg) {
            if (isDeep && typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isIterateeCall(value, isDeep, customizer)) {
                isDeep = false;
            } else if (typeof isDeep == 'function') {
                thisArg = customizer;
                customizer = isDeep;
                isDeep = false;
            }
            customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' && bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 1);
            return baseClone(value, isDeep, customizer);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If `customizer` is provided it is invoked
         * to produce the cloned values. If `customizer` returns `undefined` cloning
         * is handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg`
         * and invoked with two argument; (value [, index|key, object]).
         *
         * **Note:** This method is loosely based on the
         * [structured clone algorithm](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm).
         * The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and objects created by
         * constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects. An
         * empty object is returned for uncloneable values such as functions, DOM nodes,
         * Maps, Sets, and WeakMaps.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize cloning values.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney' },
         *   { 'user': 'fred' }
         * ];
         *
         * var deep = _.cloneDeep(users);
         * deep[0] === users[0];
         * // => false
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var el = _.cloneDeep(document.body, function(value) {
         *   if (_.isElement(value)) {
         *     return value.cloneNode(true);
         *   }
         * });
         *
         * el === document.body
         * // => false
         * el.nodeName
         * // => BODY
         * el.childNodes.length;
         * // => 20
         */
        function cloneDeep(value, customizer, thisArg) {
            customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' && bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 1);
            return baseClone(value, true, customizer);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as an `arguments` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isArguments(function() { return arguments; }());
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => false
         */
        function isArguments(value) {
            var length = isObjectLike(value) ? value.length : undefined;
            return isLength(length) && objToString.call(value) == argsTag;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as an `Array` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isArray(function() { return arguments; }());
         * // => false
         */
        var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
            return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && objToString.call(value) == arrayTag;
        };

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a boolean primitive or object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isBoolean(false);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isBoolean(null);
         * // => false
         */
        function isBoolean(value) {
            return value === true || value === false || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == boolTag);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Date` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isDate(new Date);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isDate('Mon April 23 2012');
         * // => false
         */
        function isDate(value) {
            return isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == dateTag;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isElement(document.body);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isElement('<body>');
         * // => false
         */
        function isElement(value) {
                return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) &&
                    (objToString.call(value).indexOf('Element') > -1);
            }
            // Fallback for environments without DOM support.
        if (!support.dom) {
            isElement = function(value) {
                return !!value && value.nodeType === 1 && isObjectLike(value) && !isPlainObject(value);
            };
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is empty. A value is considered empty unless it is an
         * `arguments` object, array, string, or jQuery-like collection with a length
         * greater than `0` or an object with own enumerable properties.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is empty, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isEmpty(null);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isEmpty(true);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isEmpty(1);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isEmpty({ 'a': 1 });
         * // => false
         */
        function isEmpty(value) {
            if (value == null) {
                return true;
            }
            var length = value.length;
            if (isLength(length) && (isArray(value) || isString(value) || isArguments(value) ||
                    (isObjectLike(value) && isFunction(value.splice)))) {
                return !length;
            }
            return !keys(value).length;
        }

        /**
         * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
         * equivalent. If `customizer` is provided it is invoked to compare values.
         * If `customizer` returns `undefined` comparisons are handled by the method
         * instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
         * arguments: (value, other [, index|key]).
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
         * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
         * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. Functions and DOM nodes
         * are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend support
         * for comparing other values.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to compare.
         * @param {*} other The other value to compare.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         * var other = { 'user': 'fred' };
         *
         * object == other;
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isEqual(object, other);
         * // => true
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var array = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
         * var other = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
         *
         * _.isEqual(array, other, function(value, other) {
         *   if (_.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/)) {
         *     return true;
         *   }
         * });
         * // => true
         */
        function isEqual(value, other, customizer, thisArg) {
            customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' && bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3);
            if (!customizer && isStrictComparable(value) && isStrictComparable(other)) {
                return value === other;
            }
            var result = customizer ? customizer(value, other) : undefined;
            return typeof result == 'undefined' ? baseIsEqual(value, other, customizer) : !!result;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is an `Error`, `EvalError`, `RangeError`, `ReferenceError`,
         * `SyntaxError`, `TypeError`, or `URIError` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an error object, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isError(new Error);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isError(Error);
         * // => false
         */
        function isError(value) {
            return isObjectLike(value) && typeof value.message == 'string' && objToString.call(value) == errorTag;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a finite primitive number.
         *
         * **Note:** This method is based on [`Number.isFinite`](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-number.isfinite).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a finite number, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isFinite(10);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isFinite('10');
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isFinite(true);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isFinite(Object(10));
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isFinite(Infinity);
         * // => false
         */
        var isFinite = nativeNumIsFinite || function(value) {
            return typeof value == 'number' && nativeIsFinite(value);
        };

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Function` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isFunction(_);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isFunction(/abc/);
         * // => false
         */
        var isFunction = !(baseIsFunction(/x/) || (Uint8Array && !baseIsFunction(Uint8Array))) ? baseIsFunction : function(value) {
            // The use of `Object#toString` avoids issues with the `typeof` operator
            // in older versions of Chrome and Safari which return 'function' for regexes
            // and Safari 8 equivalents which return 'object' for typed array constructors.
            return objToString.call(value) == funcTag;
        };

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is the [language type](https://es5.github.io/#x8) of `Object`.
         * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is an object, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isObject({});
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isObject(1);
         * // => false
         */
        function isObject(value) {
            // Avoid a V8 JIT bug in Chrome 19-20.
            // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291 for more details.
            var type = typeof value;
            return type == 'function' || (!!value && type == 'object');
        }

        /**
         * Performs a deep comparison between `object` and `source` to determine if
         * `object` contains equivalent property values. If `customizer` is provided
         * it is invoked to compare values. If `customizer` returns `undefined`
         * comparisons are handled by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound
         * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, other, index|key).
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing properties of arrays, booleans,
         * `Date` objects, numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Functions
         * and DOM nodes are **not** supported. Provide a customizer function to extend
         * support for comparing other values.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize comparing values.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `object` is a match, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
         *
         * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 40 });
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isMatch(object, { 'age': 36 });
         * // => false
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var object = { 'greeting': 'hello' };
         * var source = { 'greeting': 'hi' };
         *
         * _.isMatch(object, source, function(value, other) {
         *   return _.every([value, other], RegExp.prototype.test, /^h(?:i|ello)$/) || undefined;
         * });
         * // => true
         */
        function isMatch(object, source, customizer, thisArg) {
            var props = keys(source),
                length = props.length;

            if (!length) {
                return true;
            }
            if (object == null) {
                return false;
            }
            customizer = typeof customizer == 'function' && bindCallback(customizer, thisArg, 3);
            if (!customizer && length == 1) {
                var key = props[0],
                    value = source[key];

                if (isStrictComparable(value)) {
                    return value === object[key] && (typeof value != 'undefined' || (key in toObject(object)));
                }
            }
            var values = Array(length),
                strictCompareFlags = Array(length);

            while (length--) {
                value = values[length] = source[props[length]];
                strictCompareFlags[length] = isStrictComparable(value);
            }
            return baseIsMatch(toObject(object), props, values, strictCompareFlags, customizer);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
         *
         * **Note:** This method is not the same as [`isNaN`](https://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4)
         * which returns `true` for `undefined` and other non-numeric values.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isNaN(NaN);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
         * // => true
         *
         * isNaN(undefined);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNaN(undefined);
         * // => false
         */
        function isNaN(value) {
            // An `NaN` primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself.
            // Perform the `toStringTag` check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE.
            return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a native function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a native function, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isNative(Array.prototype.push);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNative(_);
         * // => false
         */
        function isNative(value) {
            if (value == null) {
                return false;
            }
            if (objToString.call(value) == funcTag) {
                return reNative.test(fnToString.call(value));
            }
            return isObjectLike(value) && reHostCtor.test(value);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is `null`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `null`, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isNull(null);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNull(void 0);
         * // => false
         */
        function isNull(value) {
            return value === null;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a `Number` primitive or object.
         *
         * **Note:** To exclude `Infinity`, `-Infinity`, and `NaN`, which are classified
         * as numbers, use the `_.isFinite` method.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isNumber(8.4);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNumber(NaN);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isNumber('8.4');
         * // => false
         */
        function isNumber(value) {
            return typeof value == 'number' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == numberTag);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is a plain object, that is, an object created by the
         * `Object` constructor or one with a `[[Prototype]]` of `null`.
         *
         * **Note:** This method assumes objects created by the `Object` constructor
         * have no inherited enumerable properties.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         * }
         *
         * _.isPlainObject(new Foo);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isPlainObject(Object.create(null));
         * // => true
         */
        var isPlainObject = !getPrototypeOf ? shimIsPlainObject : function(value) {
            if (!(value && objToString.call(value) == objectTag)) {
                return false;
            }
            var valueOf = value.valueOf,
                objProto = isNative(valueOf) && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);

            return objProto ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto) : shimIsPlainObject(value);
        };

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a `RegExp` object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isRegExp(/abc/);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isRegExp('/abc/');
         * // => false
         */
        function isRegExp(value) {
            return (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == regexpTag) || false;
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a `String` primitive or object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isString('abc');
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isString(1);
         * // => false
         */
        function isString(value) {
            return typeof value == 'string' || (isObjectLike(value) && objToString.call(value) == stringTag);
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is classified as a typed array.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is correctly classified, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isTypedArray(new Uint8Array);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isTypedArray([]);
         * // => false
         */
        function isTypedArray(value) {
            return isObjectLike(value) && isLength(value.length) && !!typedArrayTags[objToString.call(value)];
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.isUndefined(void 0);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.isUndefined(null);
         * // => false
         */
        function isUndefined(value) {
            return typeof value == 'undefined';
        }

        /**
         * Converts `value` to an array.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to convert.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the converted array.
         * @example
         *
         * (function() {
         *   return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1);
         * }(1, 2, 3));
         * // => [2, 3]
         */
        function toArray(value) {
            var length = value ? value.length : 0;
            if (!isLength(length)) {
                return values(value);
            }
            if (!length) {
                return [];
            }
            return arrayCopy(value);
        }

        /**
         * Converts `value` to a plain object flattening inherited enumerable
         * properties of `value` to own properties of the plain object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Lang
         * @param {*} value The value to convert.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the converted plain object.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, new Foo);
         * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
         *
         * _.assign({ 'a': 1 }, _.toPlainObject(new Foo));
         * // => { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }
         */
        function toPlainObject(value) {
            return baseCopy(value, keysIn(value));
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
         * object. Subsequent sources overwrite property assignments of previous sources.
         * If `customizer` is provided it is invoked to produce the assigned values.
         * The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with five arguments:
         * (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias extend
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize assigning values.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.assign({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 40 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
         * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(value, other) {
         *   return typeof value == 'undefined' ? other : value;
         * });
         *
         * defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
         * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
         */
        var assign = createAssigner(baseAssign);

        /**
         * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a
         * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned
         * to the created object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
         * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         * @example
         *
         * function Shape() {
         *   this.x = 0;
         *   this.y = 0;
         * }
         *
         * function Circle() {
         *   Shape.call(this);
         * }
         *
         * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, {
         *   'constructor': Circle
         * });
         *
         * var circle = new Circle;
         * circle instanceof Circle;
         * // => true
         *
         * circle instanceof Shape;
         * // => true
         */
        function create(prototype, properties, guard) {
            var result = baseCreate(prototype);
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(prototype, properties, guard)) {
                properties = null;
            }
            return properties ? baseCopy(properties, result, keys(properties)) : result;
        }

        /**
         * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
         * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
         * property is set, additional values of the same property are ignored.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.defaults({ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred' });
         * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
         */
        var defaults = restParam(function(args) {
            var object = args[0];
            if (object == null) {
                return object;
            }
            args.push(assignDefaults);
            return assign.apply(undefined, args);
        });

        /**
         * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the key of the first
         * element `predicate` returns truthy for instead of the element itself.
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = {
         *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
         *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
         * };
         *
         * _.findKey(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.age < 40;
         * });
         * // => 'barney' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.findKey(users, { 'age': 1, 'active': true });
         * // => 'pebbles'
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.findKey(users, 'active', false);
         * // => 'fred'
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.findKey(users, 'active');
         * // => 'barney'
         */
        var findKey = createFindKey(baseForOwn);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements of
         * a collection in the opposite order.
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `predicate` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `predicate` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to search.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [predicate=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the matched element, else `undefined`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = {
         *   'barney':  { 'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   'fred':    { 'age': 40, 'active': false },
         *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'active': true }
         * };
         *
         * _.findLastKey(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.age < 40;
         * });
         * // => returns `pebbles` assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`
         *
         * // using the `_.matches` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastKey(users, { 'age': 36, 'active': true });
         * // => 'barney'
         *
         * // using the `_.matchesProperty` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastKey(users, 'active', false);
         * // => 'fred'
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.findLastKey(users, 'active');
         * // => 'pebbles'
         */
        var findLastKey = createFindKey(baseForOwnRight);

        /**
         * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object invoking
         * `iteratee` for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
         * with three arguments: (value, key, object). Iterator functions may exit
         * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.forIn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
         *   console.log(key);
         * });
         * // => logs 'a', 'b', and 'c' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        var forIn = createForIn(baseFor);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over properties of
         * `object` in the opposite order.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.forInRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
         *   console.log(key);
         * });
         * // => logs 'c', 'b', and 'a' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'a', 'b', and 'c'
         */
        var forInRight = createForIn(baseForRight);

        /**
         * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object invoking `iteratee`
         * for each property. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
         * three arguments: (value, key, object). Iterator functions may exit iteration
         * early by explicitly returning `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.forOwn(new Foo, function(value, key) {
         *   console.log(key);
         * });
         * // => logs 'a' and 'b' (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        var forOwn = createForOwn(baseForOwn);

        /**
         * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over properties of
         * `object` in the opposite order.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.forOwnRight(new Foo, function(value, key) {
         *   console.log(key);
         * });
         * // => logs 'b' and 'a' assuming `_.forOwn` logs 'a' and 'b'
         */
        var forOwnRight = createForOwn(baseForOwnRight);

        /**
         * Creates an array of function property names from all enumerable properties,
         * own and inherited, of `object`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias methods
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of property names.
         * @example
         *
         * _.functions(_);
         * // => ['after', 'ary', 'assign', ...]
         */
        function functions(object) {
            return baseFunctions(object, keysIn(object));
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `key` exists as a direct property of `object` instead of an
         * inherited property.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @param {string} key The key to check.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `key` is a direct property, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 };
         *
         * _.has(object, 'b');
         * // => true
         */
        function has(object, key) {
            return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) : false;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of `object`.
         * If `object` contains duplicate values, subsequent values overwrite property
         * assignments of previous values unless `multiValue` is `true`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
         * @param {boolean} [multiValue] Allow multiple values per key.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new inverted object.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 1 };
         *
         * _.invert(object);
         * // => { '1': 'c', '2': 'b' }
         *
         * // with `multiValue`
         * _.invert(object, true);
         * // => { '1': ['a', 'c'], '2': ['b'] }
         */
        function invert(object, multiValue, guard) {
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(object, multiValue, guard)) {
                multiValue = null;
            }
            var index = -1,
                props = keys(object),
                length = props.length,
                result = {};

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index],
                    value = object[key];

                if (multiValue) {
                    if (hasOwnProperty.call(result, value)) {
                        result[value].push(key);
                    } else {
                        result[value] = [key];
                    }
                } else {
                    result[value] = key;
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
         *
         * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects. See the
         * [ES spec](https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-object.keys)
         * for more details.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.keys(new Foo);
         * // => ['a', 'b'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         *
         * _.keys('hi');
         * // => ['0', '1']
         */
        var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
            if (object) {
                var Ctor = object.constructor,
                    length = object.length;
            }
            if ((typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object) ||
                (typeof object != 'function' && (length && isLength(length)))) {
                return shimKeys(object);
            }
            return isObject(object) ? nativeKeys(object) : [];
        };

        /**
         * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property names of `object`.
         *
         * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property names.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.keysIn(new Foo);
         * // => ['a', 'b', 'c'] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        function keysIn(object) {
            if (object == null) {
                return [];
            }
            if (!isObject(object)) {
                object = Object(object);
            }
            var length = object.length;
            length = (length && isLength(length) &&
                (isArray(object) || (support.nonEnumArgs && isArguments(object))) && length) || 0;

            var Ctor = object.constructor,
                index = -1,
                isProto = typeof Ctor == 'function' && Ctor.prototype === object,
                result = Array(length),
                skipIndexes = length > 0;

            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = (index + '');
            }
            for (var key in object) {
                if (!(skipIndexes && isIndex(key, length)) &&
                    !(key == 'constructor' && (isProto || !hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)))) {
                    result.push(key);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
         * running each own enumerable property of `object` through `iteratee`. The
         * iteratee function is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, key, object).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked
         *  per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new mapped object.
         * @example
         *
         * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(n) {
         *   return n * 3;
         * });
         * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
         *
         * var users = {
         *   'fred':    { 'user': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
         *   'pebbles': { 'user': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
         * };
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.mapValues(users, 'age');
         * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 } (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        function mapValues(object, iteratee, thisArg) {
            var result = {};
            iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 3);

            baseForOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
                result[key] = iteratee(value, key, object);
            });
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
         * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
         * overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If `customizer` is
         * provided it is invoked to produce the merged values of the destination and
         * source properties. If `customizer` returns `undefined` merging is handled
         * by the method instead. The `customizer` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
         * with five arguments: (objectValue, sourceValue, key, object, source).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The destination object.
         * @param {...Object} [sources] The source objects.
         * @param {Function} [customizer] The function to customize merging properties.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `customizer`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = {
         *   'data': [{ 'user': 'barney' }, { 'user': 'fred' }]
         * };
         *
         * var ages = {
         *   'data': [{ 'age': 36 }, { 'age': 40 }]
         * };
         *
         * _.merge(users, ages);
         * // => { 'data': [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
         *
         * // using a customizer callback
         * var object = {
         *   'fruits': ['apple'],
         *   'vegetables': ['beet']
         * };
         *
         * var other = {
         *   'fruits': ['banana'],
         *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
         * };
         *
         * _.merge(object, other, function(a, b) {
         *   if (_.isArray(a)) {
         *     return a.concat(b);
         *   }
         * });
         * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot'] }
         */
        var merge = createAssigner(baseMerge);

        /**
         * The opposite of `_.pick`; this method creates an object composed of the
         * own and inherited enumerable properties of `object` that are not omitted.
         * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
         * property names. If `predicate` is provided it is invoked for each property
         * of `object` omitting the properties `predicate` returns truthy for. The
         * predicate is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments:
         * (value, key, object).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The source object.
         * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
         *  iteration or property names to omit, specified as individual property
         *  names or arrays of property names.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
         *
         * _.omit(object, 'age');
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         *
         * _.omit(object, _.isNumber);
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         */
        var omit = restParam(function(object, props) {
            if (object == null) {
                return {};
            }
            if (typeof props[0] != 'function') {
                var props = arrayMap(baseFlatten(props), String);
                return pickByArray(object, baseDifference(keysIn(object), props));
            }
            var predicate = bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3);
            return pickByCallback(object, function(value, key, object) {
                return !predicate(value, key, object);
            });
        });

        /**
         * Creates a two dimensional array of the key-value pairs for `object`,
         * e.g. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of key-value pairs.
         * @example
         *
         * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });
         * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        function pairs(object) {
            var index = -1,
                props = keys(object),
                length = props.length,
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                var key = props[index];
                result[index] = [key, object[key]];
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an object composed of the picked `object` properties. Property
         * names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
         * names. If `predicate` is provided it is invoked for each property of `object`
         * picking the properties `predicate` returns truthy for. The predicate is
         * bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments: (value, key, object).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The source object.
         * @param {Function|...(string|string[])} [predicate] The function invoked per
         *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
         *  names or arrays of property names.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `predicate`.
         * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
         *
         * _.pick(object, 'user');
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         *
         * _.pick(object, _.isString);
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         */
        var pick = restParam(function(object, props) {
            if (object == null) {
                return {};
            }
            return typeof props[0] == 'function' ? pickByCallback(object, bindCallback(props[0], props[1], 3)) : pickByArray(object, baseFlatten(props));
        });

        /**
         * Resolves the value of property `key` on `object`. If the value of `key` is
         * a function it is invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result
         * is returned, else the property value is returned. If the property value is
         * `undefined` the `defaultValue` is used in its place.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to query.
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to resolve.
         * @param {*} [defaultValue] The value returned if the property value
         *  resolves to `undefined`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred', 'age': _.constant(40) };
         *
         * _.result(object, 'user');
         * // => 'fred'
         *
         * _.result(object, 'age');
         * // => 40
         *
         * _.result(object, 'status', 'busy');
         * // => 'busy'
         *
         * _.result(object, 'status', _.constant('busy'));
         * // => 'busy'
         */
        function result(object, key, defaultValue) {
            var value = object == null ? undefined : object[key];
            if (typeof value == 'undefined') {
                value = defaultValue;
            }
            return isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
        }

        /**
         * An alternative to `_.reduce`; this method transforms `object` to a new
         * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own enumerable
         * properties through `iteratee`, with each invocation potentially mutating
         * the `accumulator` object. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
         * with four arguments: (accumulator, value, key, object). Iterator functions
         * may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
         * @example
         *
         * _.transform([2, 3, 4], function(result, n) {
         *   result.push(n *= n);
         *   return n % 2 == 0;
         * });
         * // => [4, 9]
         *
         * _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }, function(result, n, key) {
         *   result[key] = n * 3;
         * });
         * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6 }
         */
        function transform(object, iteratee, accumulator, thisArg) {
            var isArr = isArray(object) || isTypedArray(object);
            iteratee = getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 4);

            if (accumulator == null) {
                if (isArr || isObject(object)) {
                    var Ctor = object.constructor;
                    if (isArr) {
                        accumulator = isArray(object) ? new Ctor : [];
                    } else {
                        accumulator = baseCreate(isFunction(Ctor) && Ctor.prototype);
                    }
                } else {
                    accumulator = {};
                }
            }
            (isArr ? arrayEach : baseForOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
                return iteratee(accumulator, value, index, object);
            });
            return accumulator;
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
         *
         * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to query.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.values(new Foo);
         * // => [1, 2] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         *
         * _.values('hi');
         * // => ['h', 'i']
         */
        function values(object) {
            return baseValues(object, keys(object));
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of the own and inherited enumerable property values
         * of `object`.
         *
         * **Note:** Non-object values are coerced to objects.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Object
         * @param {Object} object The object to query.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of property values.
         * @example
         *
         * function Foo() {
         *   this.a = 1;
         *   this.b = 2;
         * }
         *
         * Foo.prototype.c = 3;
         *
         * _.valuesIn(new Foo);
         * // => [1, 2, 3] (iteration order is not guaranteed)
         */
        function valuesIn(object) {
            return baseValues(object, keysIn(object));
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Checks if `n` is between `start` and up to but not including, `end`. If
         * `end` is not specified it is set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Number
         * @param {number} n The number to check.
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
         * @param {number} end The end of the range.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `n` is in the range, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.inRange(3, 2, 4);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.inRange(4, 8);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.inRange(4, 2);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.inRange(2, 2);
         * // => false
         *
         * _.inRange(1.2, 2);
         * // => true
         *
         * _.inRange(5.2, 4);
         * // => false
         */
        function inRange(value, start, end) {
            start = +start || 0;
            if (typeof end === 'undefined') {
                end = start;
                start = 0;
            } else {
                end = +end || 0;
            }
            return value >= start && value < end;
        }

        /**
         * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
         * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number is returned.
         * If `floating` is `true`, or either `min` or `max` are floats, a floating-point
         * number is returned instead of an integer.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Number
         * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
         * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
         * @param {boolean} [floating] Specify returning a floating-point number.
         * @returns {number} Returns the random number.
         * @example
         *
         * _.random(0, 5);
         * // => an integer between 0 and 5
         *
         * _.random(5);
         * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
         *
         * _.random(5, true);
         * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
         *
         * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
         * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
         */
        function random(min, max, floating) {
            if (floating && isIterateeCall(min, max, floating)) {
                max = floating = null;
            }
            var noMin = min == null,
                noMax = max == null;

            if (floating == null) {
                if (noMax && typeof min == 'boolean') {
                    floating = min;
                    min = 1;
                } else if (typeof max == 'boolean') {
                    floating = max;
                    noMax = true;
                }
            }
            if (noMin && noMax) {
                max = 1;
                noMax = false;
            }
            min = +min || 0;
            if (noMax) {
                max = min;
                min = 0;
            } else {
                max = +max || 0;
            }
            if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
                var rand = nativeRandom();
                return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand + '').length - 1)))), max);
            }
            return baseRandom(min, max);
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Converts `string` to [camel case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CamelCase).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
         * @returns {string} Returns the camel cased string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.camelCase('Foo Bar');
         * // => 'fooBar'
         *
         * _.camelCase('--foo-bar');
         * // => 'fooBar'
         *
         * _.camelCase('__foo_bar__');
         * // => 'fooBar'
         */
        var camelCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
            word = word.toLowerCase();
            return result + (index ? (word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1)) : word);
        });

        /**
         * Capitalizes the first character of `string`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to capitalize.
         * @returns {string} Returns the capitalized string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.capitalize('fred');
         * // => 'Fred'
         */
        function capitalize(string) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            return string && (string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1));
        }

        /**
         * Deburrs `string` by converting [latin-1 supplementary letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin-1_Supplement_(Unicode_block)#Character_table)
         * to basic latin letters and removing [combining diacritical marks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_Diacritical_Marks).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to deburr.
         * @returns {string} Returns the deburred string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.deburr('déjà vu');
         * // => 'deja vu'
         */
        function deburr(string) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            return string && string.replace(reLatin1, deburrLetter).replace(reComboMarks, '');
        }

        /**
         * Checks if `string` ends with the given target string.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
         * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
         * @param {number} [position=string.length] The position to search from.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` ends with `target`, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.endsWith('abc', 'c');
         * // => true
         *
         * _.endsWith('abc', 'b');
         * // => false
         *
         * _.endsWith('abc', 'b', 2);
         * // => true
         */
        function endsWith(string, target, position) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            target = (target + '');

            var length = string.length;
            position = typeof position == 'undefined' ? length : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : (+position || 0), length);

            position -= target.length;
            return position >= 0 && string.indexOf(target, position) == position;
        }

        /**
         * Converts the characters "&", "<", ">", '"', "'", and "\`", in `string` to
         * their corresponding HTML entities.
         *
         * **Note:** No other characters are escaped. To escape additional characters
         * use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
         *
         * Though the ">" character is escaped for symmetry, characters like
         * ">" and "/" don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning
         * unless they're part of a tag or unquoted attribute value.
         * See [Mathias Bynens's article](https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands)
         * (under "semi-related fun fact") for more details.
         *
         * Backticks are escaped because in Internet Explorer < 9, they can break out
         * of attribute values or HTML comments. See [#102](https://html5sec.org/#102),
         * [#108](https://html5sec.org/#108), and [#133](https://html5sec.org/#133) of
         * the [HTML5 Security Cheatsheet](https://html5sec.org/) for more details.
         *
         * When working with HTML you should always [quote attribute values](http://wonko.com/post/html-escaping)
         * to reduce XSS vectors.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
         * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.escape('fred, barney, & pebbles');
         * // => 'fred, barney, &amp; pebbles'
         */
        function escape(string) {
            // Reset `lastIndex` because in IE < 9 `String#replace` does not.
            string = baseToString(string);
            return (string && reHasUnescapedHtml.test(string)) ? string.replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar) : string;
        }

        /**
         * Escapes the `RegExp` special characters "\", "/", "^", "$", ".", "|", "?",
         * "*", "+", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{" and "}" in `string`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to escape.
         * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.escapeRegExp('[lodash](https://lodash.com/)');
         * // => '\[lodash\]\(https:\/\/lodash\.com\/\)'
         */
        function escapeRegExp(string) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            return (string && reHasRegExpChars.test(string)) ? string.replace(reRegExpChars, '\\$&') : string;
        }

        /**
         * Converts `string` to [kebab case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Special_case_styles).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
         * @returns {string} Returns the kebab cased string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.kebabCase('Foo Bar');
         * // => 'foo-bar'
         *
         * _.kebabCase('fooBar');
         * // => 'foo-bar'
         *
         * _.kebabCase('__foo_bar__');
         * // => 'foo-bar'
         */
        var kebabCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
            return result + (index ? '-' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
        });

        /**
         * Pads `string` on the left and right sides if it is shorter than `length`.
         * Padding characters are truncated if they can't be evenly divided by `length`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
         * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
         * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
         * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.pad('abc', 8);
         * // => '  abc   '
         *
         * _.pad('abc', 8, '_-');
         * // => '_-abc_-_'
         *
         * _.pad('abc', 3);
         * // => 'abc'
         */
        function pad(string, length, chars) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            length = +length;

            var strLength = string.length;
            if (strLength >= length || !nativeIsFinite(length)) {
                return string;
            }
            var mid = (length - strLength) / 2,
                leftLength = floor(mid),
                rightLength = ceil(mid);

            chars = createPadding('', rightLength, chars);
            return chars.slice(0, leftLength) + string + chars;
        }

        /**
         * Pads `string` on the left side if it is shorter than `length`. Padding
         * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
         * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
         * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
         * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.padLeft('abc', 6);
         * // => '   abc'
         *
         * _.padLeft('abc', 6, '_-');
         * // => '_-_abc'
         *
         * _.padLeft('abc', 3);
         * // => 'abc'
         */
        var padLeft = createPadDir();

        /**
         * Pads `string` on the right side if it is shorter than `length`. Padding
         * characters are truncated if they exceed `length`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to pad.
         * @param {number} [length=0] The padding length.
         * @param {string} [chars=' '] The string used as padding.
         * @returns {string} Returns the padded string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.padRight('abc', 6);
         * // => 'abc   '
         *
         * _.padRight('abc', 6, '_-');
         * // => 'abc_-_'
         *
         * _.padRight('abc', 3);
         * // => 'abc'
         */
        var padRight = createPadDir(true);

        /**
         * Converts `string` to an integer of the specified radix. If `radix` is
         * `undefined` or `0`, a `radix` of `10` is used unless `value` is a hexadecimal,
         * in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
         *
         * **Note:** This method aligns with the [ES5 implementation](https://es5.github.io/#E)
         * of `parseInt`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} string The string to convert.
         * @param {number} [radix] The radix to interpret `value` by.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the converted integer.
         * @example
         *
         * _.parseInt('08');
         * // => 8
         *
         * _.map(['6', '08', '10'], _.parseInt);
         * // => [6, 8, 10]
         */
        function parseInt(string, radix, guard) {
                if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, radix, guard)) {
                    radix = 0;
                }
                return nativeParseInt(string, radix);
            }
            // Fallback for environments with pre-ES5 implementations.
        if (nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') != 8) {
            parseInt = function(string, radix, guard) {
                // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow ES3 for `parseInt`.
                // Chrome fails to trim leading <BOM> whitespace characters.
                // See https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=3109 for more details.
                if (guard ? isIterateeCall(string, radix, guard) : radix == null) {
                    radix = 0;
                } else if (radix) {
                    radix = +radix;
                }
                string = trim(string);
                return nativeParseInt(string, radix || (reHexPrefix.test(string) ? 16 : 10));
            };
        }

        /**
         * Repeats the given string `n` times.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to repeat.
         * @param {number} [n=0] The number of times to repeat the string.
         * @returns {string} Returns the repeated string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.repeat('*', 3);
         * // => '***'
         *
         * _.repeat('abc', 2);
         * // => 'abcabc'
         *
         * _.repeat('abc', 0);
         * // => ''
         */
        function repeat(string, n) {
            var result = '';
            string = baseToString(string);
            n = +n;
            if (n < 1 || !string || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
                return result;
            }
            // Leverage the exponentiation by squaring algorithm for a faster repeat.
            // See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation_by_squaring for more details.
            do {
                if (n % 2) {
                    result += string;
                }
                n = floor(n / 2);
                string += string;
            } while (n);

            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Converts `string` to [snake case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
         * @returns {string} Returns the snake cased string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.snakeCase('Foo Bar');
         * // => 'foo_bar'
         *
         * _.snakeCase('fooBar');
         * // => 'foo_bar'
         *
         * _.snakeCase('--foo-bar');
         * // => 'foo_bar'
         */
        var snakeCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
            return result + (index ? '_' : '') + word.toLowerCase();
        });

        /**
         * Converts `string` to [start case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_case#Stylistic_or_specialised_usage).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to convert.
         * @returns {string} Returns the start cased string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.startCase('--foo-bar');
         * // => 'Foo Bar'
         *
         * _.startCase('fooBar');
         * // => 'Foo Bar'
         *
         * _.startCase('__foo_bar__');
         * // => 'Foo Bar'
         */
        var startCase = createCompounder(function(result, word, index) {
            return result + (index ? ' ' : '') + (word.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + word.slice(1));
        });

        /**
         * Checks if `string` starts with the given target string.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to search.
         * @param {string} [target] The string to search for.
         * @param {number} [position=0] The position to search from.
         * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `string` starts with `target`, else `false`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.startsWith('abc', 'a');
         * // => true
         *
         * _.startsWith('abc', 'b');
         * // => false
         *
         * _.startsWith('abc', 'b', 1);
         * // => true
         */
        function startsWith(string, target, position) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            position = position == null ? 0 : nativeMin(position < 0 ? 0 : (+position || 0), string.length);

            return string.lastIndexOf(target, position) == position;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a compiled template function that can interpolate data properties
         * in "interpolate" delimiters, HTML-escape interpolated data properties in
         * "escape" delimiters, and execute JavaScript in "evaluate" delimiters. Data
         * properties may be accessed as free variables in the template. If a setting
         * object is provided it takes precedence over `_.templateSettings` values.
         *
         * **Note:** In the development build `_.template` utilizes
         * [sourceURLs](http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl)
         * for easier debugging.
         *
         * For more information on precompiling templates see
         * [lodash's custom builds documentation](https://lodash.com/custom-builds).
         *
         * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see
         * [Chrome's extensions documentation](https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/sandboxingEval).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The template string.
         * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
         * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The HTML "escape" delimiter.
         * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
         * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as free variables.
         * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
         * @param {string} [options.sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
         * @param {string} [options.variable] The data object variable name.
         * @param- {Object} [otherOptions] Enables the legacy `options` param signature.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the compiled template function.
         * @example
         *
         * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
         * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!');
         * compiled({ 'user': 'fred' });
         * // => 'hello fred!'
         *
         * // using the HTML "escape" delimiter to escape data property values
         * var compiled = _.template('<b><%- value %></b>');
         * compiled({ 'value': '<script>' });
         * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
         *
         * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to execute JavaScript and generate HTML
         * var compiled = _.template('<% _.forEach(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>');
         * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
         * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
         *
         * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
         * var compiled = _.template('<% print("hello " + user); %>!');
         * compiled({ 'user': 'barney' });
         * // => 'hello barney!'
         *
         * // using the ES delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
         * var compiled = _.template('hello ${ user }!');
         * compiled({ 'user': 'pebbles' });
         * // => 'hello pebbles!'
         *
         * // using custom template delimiters
         * _.templateSettings.interpolate = /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g;
         * var compiled = _.template('hello {{ user }}!');
         * compiled({ 'user': 'mustache' });
         * // => 'hello mustache!'
         *
         * // using backslashes to treat delimiters as plain text
         * var compiled = _.template('<%= "\\<%- value %\\>" %>');
         * compiled({ 'value': 'ignored' });
         * // => '<%- value %>'
         *
         * // using the `imports` option to import `jQuery` as `jq`
         * var text = '<% jq.each(users, function(user) { %><li><%- user %></li><% }); %>';
         * var compiled = _.template(text, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
         * compiled({ 'users': ['fred', 'barney'] });
         * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
         *
         * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
         * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= user %>!', { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
         * compiled(data);
         * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
         *
         * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
         * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.user %>!', { 'variable': 'data' });
         * compiled.source;
         * // => function(data) {
         * //   var __t, __p = '';
         * //   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.user )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
         * //   return __p;
         * // }
         *
         * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
         * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
         * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
         *   var JST = {\
         *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
         *   };\
         * ');
         */
        function template(string, options, otherOptions) {
            // Based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation (http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/)
            // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js (https://github.com/olado/doT).
            var settings = lodash.templateSettings;

            if (otherOptions && isIterateeCall(string, options, otherOptions)) {
                options = otherOptions = null;
            }
            string = baseToString(string);
            options = baseAssign(baseAssign({}, otherOptions || options), settings, assignOwnDefaults);

            var imports = baseAssign(baseAssign({}, options.imports), settings.imports, assignOwnDefaults),
                importsKeys = keys(imports),
                importsValues = baseValues(imports, importsKeys);

            var isEscaping,
                isEvaluating,
                index = 0,
                interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
                source = "__p += '";

            // Compile the regexp to match each delimiter.
            var reDelimiters = RegExp(
                (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
                interpolate.source + '|' +
                (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
                (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$', 'g');

            // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
            var sourceURL = '//# sourceURL=' +
                ('sourceURL' in options ? options.sourceURL : ('lodash.templateSources[' + (++templateCounter) + ']')) + '\n';

            string.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
                interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);

                // Escape characters that can't be included in string literals.
                source += string.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

                // Replace delimiters with snippets.
                if (escapeValue) {
                    isEscaping = true;
                    source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
                }
                if (evaluateValue) {
                    isEvaluating = true;
                    source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
                }
                if (interpolateValue) {
                    source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
                }
                index = offset + match.length;

                // The JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
                // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value.
                return match;
            });

            source += "';\n";

            // If `variable` is not specified wrap a with-statement around the generated
            // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain.
            var variable = options.variable;
            if (!variable) {
                source = 'with (obj) {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
            }
            // Cleanup code by stripping empty strings.
            source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
                .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
                .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

            // Frame code as the function body.
            source = 'function(' + (variable || 'obj') + ') {\n' +
                (variable ? '' : 'obj || (obj = {});\n') +
                "var __t, __p = ''" +
                (isEscaping ? ', __e = _.escape' : '') +
                (isEvaluating ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
                    "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n" : ';\n'
                ) +
                source +
                'return __p\n}';

            var result = attempt(function() {
                return Function(importsKeys, sourceURL + 'return ' + source).apply(undefined, importsValues);
            });

            // Provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method or
            // the `source` property as a convenience for inlining compiled templates.
            result.source = source;
            if (isError(result)) {
                throw result;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Removes leading and trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
         * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.trim('  abc  ');
         * // => 'abc'
         *
         * _.trim('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
         * // => 'abc'
         *
         * _.map(['  foo  ', '  bar  '], _.trim);
         * // => ['foo', 'bar']
         */
        function trim(string, chars, guard) {
            var value = string;
            string = baseToString(string);
            if (!string) {
                return string;
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
                return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string), trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
            }
            chars = (chars + '');
            return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, chars), charsRightIndex(string, chars) + 1);
        }

        /**
         * Removes leading whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
         * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.trimLeft('  abc  ');
         * // => 'abc  '
         *
         * _.trimLeft('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
         * // => 'abc-_-'
         */
        function trimLeft(string, chars, guard) {
            var value = string;
            string = baseToString(string);
            if (!string) {
                return string;
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
                return string.slice(trimmedLeftIndex(string));
            }
            return string.slice(charsLeftIndex(string, (chars + '')));
        }

        /**
         * Removes trailing whitespace or specified characters from `string`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to trim.
         * @param {string} [chars=whitespace] The characters to trim.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {string} Returns the trimmed string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.trimRight('  abc  ');
         * // => '  abc'
         *
         * _.trimRight('-_-abc-_-', '_-');
         * // => '-_-abc'
         */
        function trimRight(string, chars, guard) {
            var value = string;
            string = baseToString(string);
            if (!string) {
                return string;
            }
            if (guard ? isIterateeCall(value, chars, guard) : chars == null) {
                return string.slice(0, trimmedRightIndex(string) + 1);
            }
            return string.slice(0, charsRightIndex(string, (chars + '')) + 1);
        }

        /**
         * Truncates `string` if it is longer than the given maximum string length.
         * The last characters of the truncated string are replaced with the omission
         * string which defaults to "...".
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to truncate.
         * @param {Object|number} [options] The options object or maximum string length.
         * @param {number} [options.length=30] The maximum string length.
         * @param {string} [options.omission='...'] The string to indicate text is omitted.
         * @param {RegExp|string} [options.separator] The separator pattern to truncate to.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {string} Returns the truncated string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino');
         * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neighbo...'
         *
         * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', 24);
         * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, n...'
         *
         * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
         *   'length': 24,
         *   'separator': ' '
         * });
         * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there,...'
         *
         * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
         *   'length': 24,
         *   'separator': /,? +/
         * });
         * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there...'
         *
         * _.trunc('hi-diddly-ho there, neighborino', {
         *   'omission': ' [...]'
         * });
         * // => 'hi-diddly-ho there, neig [...]'
         */
        function trunc(string, options, guard) {
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, options, guard)) {
                options = null;
            }
            var length = DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH,
                omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;

            if (options != null) {
                if (isObject(options)) {
                    var separator = 'separator' in options ? options.separator : separator;
                    length = 'length' in options ? (+options.length || 0) : length;
                    omission = 'omission' in options ? baseToString(options.omission) : omission;
                } else {
                    length = +options || 0;
                }
            }
            string = baseToString(string);
            if (length >= string.length) {
                return string;
            }
            var end = length - omission.length;
            if (end < 1) {
                return omission;
            }
            var result = string.slice(0, end);
            if (separator == null) {
                return result + omission;
            }
            if (isRegExp(separator)) {
                if (string.slice(end).search(separator)) {
                    var match,
                        newEnd,
                        substring = string.slice(0, end);

                    if (!separator.global) {
                        separator = RegExp(separator.source, (reFlags.exec(separator) || '') + 'g');
                    }
                    separator.lastIndex = 0;
                    while ((match = separator.exec(substring))) {
                        newEnd = match.index;
                    }
                    result = result.slice(0, newEnd == null ? end : newEnd);
                }
            } else if (string.indexOf(separator, end) != end) {
                var index = result.lastIndexOf(separator);
                if (index > -1) {
                    result = result.slice(0, index);
                }
            }
            return result + omission;
        }

        /**
         * The inverse of `_.escape`; this method converts the HTML entities
         * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, `&#39;`, and `&#96;` in `string` to their
         * corresponding characters.
         *
         * **Note:** No other HTML entities are unescaped. To unescape additional HTML
         * entities use a third-party library like [_he_](https://mths.be/he).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to unescape.
         * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
         * @example
         *
         * _.unescape('fred, barney, &amp; pebbles');
         * // => 'fred, barney, & pebbles'
         */
        function unescape(string) {
            string = baseToString(string);
            return (string && reHasEscapedHtml.test(string)) ? string.replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar) : string;
        }

        /**
         * Splits `string` into an array of its words.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category String
         * @param {string} [string=''] The string to inspect.
         * @param {RegExp|string} [pattern] The pattern to match words.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the words of `string`.
         * @example
         *
         * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles');
         * // => ['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles']
         *
         * _.words('fred, barney, & pebbles', /[^, ]+/g);
         * // => ['fred', 'barney', '&', 'pebbles']
         */
        function words(string, pattern, guard) {
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(string, pattern, guard)) {
                pattern = null;
            }
            string = baseToString(string);
            return string.match(pattern || reWords) || [];
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Attempts to invoke `func`, returning either the result or the caught error
         * object. Any additional arguments are provided to `func` when it is invoked.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {Function} func The function to attempt.
         * @returns {*} Returns the `func` result or error object.
         * @example
         *
         * // avoid throwing errors for invalid selectors
         * var elements = _.attempt(function(selector) {
         *   return document.querySelectorAll(selector);
         * }, '>_>');
         *
         * if (_.isError(elements)) {
         *   elements = [];
         * }
         */
        var attempt = restParam(function(func, args) {
            try {
                return func.apply(undefined, args);
            } catch (e) {
                return isError(e) ? e : new Error(e);
            }
        });

        /**
         * Creates a function that invokes `func` with the `this` binding of `thisArg`
         * and arguments of the created function. If `func` is a property name the
         * created callback returns the property value for a given element. If `func`
         * is an object the created callback returns `true` for elements that contain
         * the equivalent object properties, otherwise it returns `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @alias iteratee
         * @category Utility
         * @param {*} [func=_.identity] The value to convert to a callback.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
         * @param- {Object} [guard] Enables use as a callback for functions like `_.map`.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the callback.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
         * ];
         *
         * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
         * _.callback = _.wrap(_.callback, function(callback, func, thisArg) {
         *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(func);
         *   if (!match) {
         *     return callback(func, thisArg);
         *   }
         *   return function(object) {
         *     return match[2] == 'gt'
         *       ? object[match[1]] > match[3]
         *       : object[match[1]] < match[3];
         *   };
         * });
         *
         * _.filter(users, 'age__gt36');
         * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
         */
        function callback(func, thisArg, guard) {
            if (guard && isIterateeCall(func, thisArg, guard)) {
                thisArg = null;
            }
            return isObjectLike(func) ? matches(func) : baseCallback(func, thisArg);
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function that returns `value`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         * var getter = _.constant(object);
         *
         * getter() === object;
         * // => true
         */
        function constant(value) {
            return function() {
                return value;
            };
        }

        /**
         * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {*} value Any value.
         * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         *
         * _.identity(object) === object;
         * // => true
         */
        function identity(value) {
            return value;
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function which performs a deep comparison between a given object
         * and `source`, returning `true` if the given object has equivalent property
         * values, else `false`.
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
         * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
         * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties. For comparing a single
         * own or inherited property value see `_.matchesProperty`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {Object} source The object of property values to match.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'active': false }
         * ];
         *
         * _.filter(users, _.matches({ 'age': 40, 'active': false }));
         * // => [{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }]
         */
        function matches(source) {
            return baseMatches(baseClone(source, true));
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function which compares the property value of `key` on a given
         * object to `value`.
         *
         * **Note:** This method supports comparing arrays, booleans, `Date` objects,
         * numbers, `Object` objects, regexes, and strings. Objects are compared by
         * their own, not inherited, enumerable properties.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
         * @param {*} value The value to compare.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney' },
         *   { 'user': 'fred' }
         * ];
         *
         * _.find(users, _.matchesProperty('user', 'fred'));
         * // => { 'user': 'fred' }
         */
        function matchesProperty(key, value) {
            return baseMatchesProperty(key + '', baseClone(value, true));
        }

        /**
         * Adds all own enumerable function properties of a source object to the
         * destination object. If `object` is a function then methods are added to
         * its prototype as well.
         *
         * **Note:** Use `_.runInContext` to create a pristine `lodash` function
         * for mixins to avoid conflicts caused by modifying the original.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {Function|Object} [object=this] object The destination object.
         * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
         * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
         * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added
         *  are chainable.
         * @returns {Function|Object} Returns `object`.
         * @example
         *
         * function vowels(string) {
         *   return _.filter(string, function(v) {
         *     return /[aeiou]/i.test(v);
         *   });
         * }
         *
         * // use `_.runInContext` to avoid conflicts (esp. in Node.js)
         * var _ = require('lodash').runInContext();
         *
         * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels });
         * _.vowels('fred');
         * // => ['e']
         *
         * _('fred').vowels().value();
         * // => ['e']
         *
         * _.mixin({ 'vowels': vowels }, { 'chain': false });
         * _('fred').vowels();
         * // => ['e']
         */
        function mixin(object, source, options) {
            if (options == null) {
                var isObj = isObject(source),
                    props = isObj && keys(source),
                    methodNames = props && props.length && baseFunctions(source, props);

                if (!(methodNames ? methodNames.length : isObj)) {
                    methodNames = false;
                    options = source;
                    source = object;
                    object = this;
                }
            }
            if (!methodNames) {
                methodNames = baseFunctions(source, keys(source));
            }
            var chain = true,
                index = -1,
                isFunc = isFunction(object),
                length = methodNames.length;

            if (options === false) {
                chain = false;
            } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {
                chain = options.chain;
            }
            while (++index < length) {
                var methodName = methodNames[index],
                    func = source[methodName];

                object[methodName] = func;
                if (isFunc) {
                    object.prototype[methodName] = (function(func) {
                        return function() {
                            var chainAll = this.__chain__;
                            if (chain || chainAll) {
                                var result = object(this.__wrapped__),
                                    actions = result.__actions__ = arrayCopy(this.__actions__);

                                actions.push({
                                    'func': func,
                                    'args': arguments,
                                    'thisArg': object
                                });
                                result.__chain__ = chainAll;
                                return result;
                            }
                            var args = [this.value()];
                            push.apply(args, arguments);
                            return func.apply(object, args);
                        };
                    }(func));
                }
            }
            return object;
        }

        /**
         * Reverts the `_` variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
         * the `lodash` function.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
         * @example
         *
         * var lodash = _.noConflict();
         */
        function noConflict() {
            context._ = oldDash;
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * A no-operation function which returns `undefined` regardless of the
         * arguments it receives.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'user': 'fred' };
         *
         * _.noop(object) === undefined;
         * // => true
         */
        function noop() {
            // No operation performed.
        }

        /**
         * Creates a function which returns the property value of `key` on a given object.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {string} key The key of the property to get.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'fred' },
         *   { 'user': 'barney' }
         * ];
         *
         * var getName = _.property('user');
         *
         * _.map(users, getName);
         * // => ['fred', 'barney']
         *
         * _.pluck(_.sortBy(users, getName), 'user');
         * // => ['barney', 'fred']
         */
        function property(key) {
            return baseProperty(key + '');
        }

        /**
         * The opposite of `_.property`; this method creates a function which returns
         * the property value of a given key on `object`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
         * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
         * @example
         *
         * var object = { 'a': 3, 'b': 1, 'c': 2 };
         *
         * _.map(['a', 'c'], _.propertyOf(object));
         * // => [3, 2]
         *
         * _.sortBy(['a', 'b', 'c'], _.propertyOf(object));
         * // => ['b', 'c', 'a']
         */
        function propertyOf(object) {
            return function(key) {
                return object == null ? undefined : object[key];
            };
        }

        /**
         * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
         * `start` up to, but not including, `end`. If `end` is not specified it is
         * set to `start` with `start` then set to `0`. If `start` is less than `end`
         * a zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
         * @param {number} end The end of the range.
         * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the new array of numbers.
         * @example
         *
         * _.range(4);
         * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
         *
         * _.range(1, 5);
         * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
         *
         * _.range(0, 20, 5);
         * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
         *
         * _.range(0, -4, -1);
         * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
         *
         * _.range(1, 4, 0);
         * // => [1, 1, 1]
         *
         * _.range(0);
         * // => []
         */
        function range(start, end, step) {
            if (step && isIterateeCall(start, end, step)) {
                end = step = null;
            }
            start = +start || 0;
            step = step == null ? 1 : (+step || 0);

            if (end == null) {
                end = start;
                start = 0;
            } else {
                end = +end || 0;
            }
            // Use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes.
            // See https://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s for more details.
            var index = -1,
                length = nativeMax(ceil((end - start) / (step || 1)), 0),
                result = Array(length);

            while (++index < length) {
                result[index] = start;
                start += step;
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Invokes the iteratee function `n` times, returning an array of the results
         * of each invocation. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
         * one argument; (index).
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {number} n The number of times to invoke `iteratee`.
         * @param {Function} [iteratee=_.identity] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {Array} Returns the array of results.
         * @example
         *
         * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6, false));
         * // => [3, 6, 4]
         *
         * _.times(3, function(n) {
         *   mage.castSpell(n);
         * });
         * // => invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times with `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
         *
         * _.times(3, function(n) {
         *   this.cast(n);
         * }, mage);
         * // => also invokes `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
         */
        function times(n, iteratee, thisArg) {
            n = +n;

            // Exit early to avoid a JSC JIT bug in Safari 8
            // where `Array(0)` is treated as `Array(1)`.
            if (n < 1 || !nativeIsFinite(n)) {
                return [];
            }
            var index = -1,
                result = Array(nativeMin(n, MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH));

            iteratee = bindCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1);
            while (++index < n) {
                if (index < MAX_ARRAY_LENGTH) {
                    result[index] = iteratee(index);
                } else {
                    iteratee(index);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }

        /**
         * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID is appended to it.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Utility
         * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
         * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
         * @example
         *
         * _.uniqueId('contact_');
         * // => 'contact_104'
         *
         * _.uniqueId();
         * // => '105'
         */
        function uniqueId(prefix) {
            var id = ++idCounter;
            return baseToString(prefix) + id;
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * Adds two numbers.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Math
         * @param {number} augend The first number to add.
         * @param {number} addend The second number to add.
         * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
         * @example
         *
         * _.add(6, 4);
         * // => 10
         */
        function add(augend, addend) {
            return augend + addend;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the maximum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
         * `-Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it is invoked
         * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
         * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
         * arguments: (value, index, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Math
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
         * @example
         *
         * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
         * // => 8
         *
         * _.max([]);
         * // => -Infinity
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.max(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.age;
         * });
         * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.max(users, 'age');
         * // => { 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40 }
         */
        var max = createExtremum(arrayMax);

        /**
         * Gets the minimum value of `collection`. If `collection` is empty or falsey
         * `Infinity` is returned. If an iteratee function is provided it is invoked
         * for each value in `collection` to generate the criterion by which the value
         * is ranked. The `iteratee` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
         * arguments: (value, index, collection).
         *
         * If a property name is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.property`
         * style callback returns the property value of the given element.
         *
         * If a value is also provided for `thisArg` the created `_.matchesProperty`
         * style callback returns `true` for elements that have a matching property
         * value, else `false`.
         *
         * If an object is provided for `iteratee` the created `_.matches` style
         * callback returns `true` for elements that have the properties of the given
         * object, else `false`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Math
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
         * @example
         *
         * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
         * // => 2
         *
         * _.min([]);
         * // => Infinity
         *
         * var users = [
         *   { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
         *   { 'user': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.min(users, function(chr) {
         *   return chr.age;
         * });
         * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.min(users, 'age');
         * // => { 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
         */
        var min = createExtremum(arrayMin, true);

        /**
         * Gets the sum of the values in `collection`.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @category Math
         * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
         * @param {Function|Object|string} [iteratee] The function invoked per iteration.
         * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `iteratee`.
         * @returns {number} Returns the sum.
         * @example
         *
         * _.sum([4, 6]);
         * // => 10
         *
         * _.sum({ 'a': 4, 'b': 6 });
         * // => 10
         *
         * var objects = [
         *   { 'n': 4 },
         *   { 'n': 6 }
         * ];
         *
         * _.sum(objects, function(object) {
         *   return object.n;
         * });
         * // => 10
         *
         * // using the `_.property` callback shorthand
         * _.sum(objects, 'n');
         * // => 10
         */
        function sum(collection, iteratee, thisArg) {
            if (thisArg && isIterateeCall(collection, iteratee, thisArg)) {
                iteratee = null;
            }
            var func = getCallback(),
                noIteratee = iteratee == null;

            if (!(func === baseCallback && noIteratee)) {
                noIteratee = false;
                iteratee = func(iteratee, thisArg, 3);
            }
            return noIteratee ? arraySum(isArray(collection) ? collection : toIterable(collection)) : baseSum(collection, iteratee);
        }

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        // Ensure wrappers are instances of `baseLodash`.
        lodash.prototype = baseLodash.prototype;

        LodashWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
        LodashWrapper.prototype.constructor = LodashWrapper;

        LazyWrapper.prototype = baseCreate(baseLodash.prototype);
        LazyWrapper.prototype.constructor = LazyWrapper;

        // Add functions to the `Map` cache.
        MapCache.prototype['delete'] = mapDelete;
        MapCache.prototype.get = mapGet;
        MapCache.prototype.has = mapHas;
        MapCache.prototype.set = mapSet;

        // Add functions to the `Set` cache.
        SetCache.prototype.push = cachePush;

        // Assign cache to `_.memoize`.
        memoize.Cache = MapCache;

        // Add functions that return wrapped values when chaining.
        lodash.after = after;
        lodash.ary = ary;
        lodash.assign = assign;
        lodash.at = at;
        lodash.before = before;
        lodash.bind = bind;
        lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
        lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
        lodash.callback = callback;
        lodash.chain = chain;
        lodash.chunk = chunk;
        lodash.compact = compact;
        lodash.constant = constant;
        lodash.countBy = countBy;
        lodash.create = create;
        lodash.curry = curry;
        lodash.curryRight = curryRight;
        lodash.debounce = debounce;
        lodash.defaults = defaults;
        lodash.defer = defer;
        lodash.delay = delay;
        lodash.difference = difference;
        lodash.drop = drop;
        lodash.dropRight = dropRight;
        lodash.dropRightWhile = dropRightWhile;
        lodash.dropWhile = dropWhile;
        lodash.fill = fill;
        lodash.filter = filter;
        lodash.flatten = flatten;
        lodash.flattenDeep = flattenDeep;
        lodash.flow = flow;
        lodash.flowRight = flowRight;
        lodash.forEach = forEach;
        lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
        lodash.forIn = forIn;
        lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
        lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
        lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
        lodash.functions = functions;
        lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
        lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
        lodash.initial = initial;
        lodash.intersection = intersection;
        lodash.invert = invert;
        lodash.invoke = invoke;
        lodash.keys = keys;
        lodash.keysIn = keysIn;
        lodash.map = map;
        lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
        lodash.matches = matches;
        lodash.matchesProperty = matchesProperty;
        lodash.memoize = memoize;
        lodash.merge = merge;
        lodash.mixin = mixin;
        lodash.negate = negate;
        lodash.omit = omit;
        lodash.once = once;
        lodash.pairs = pairs;
        lodash.partial = partial;
        lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
        lodash.partition = partition;
        lodash.pick = pick;
        lodash.pluck = pluck;
        lodash.property = property;
        lodash.propertyOf = propertyOf;
        lodash.pull = pull;
        lodash.pullAt = pullAt;
        lodash.range = range;
        lodash.rearg = rearg;
        lodash.reject = reject;
        lodash.remove = remove;
        lodash.rest = rest;
        lodash.restParam = restParam;
        lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
        lodash.slice = slice;
        lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
        lodash.sortByAll = sortByAll;
        lodash.sortByOrder = sortByOrder;
        lodash.spread = spread;
        lodash.take = take;
        lodash.takeRight = takeRight;
        lodash.takeRightWhile = takeRightWhile;
        lodash.takeWhile = takeWhile;
        lodash.tap = tap;
        lodash.throttle = throttle;
        lodash.thru = thru;
        lodash.times = times;
        lodash.toArray = toArray;
        lodash.toPlainObject = toPlainObject;
        lodash.transform = transform;
        lodash.union = union;
        lodash.uniq = uniq;
        lodash.unzip = unzip;
        lodash.values = values;
        lodash.valuesIn = valuesIn;
        lodash.where = where;
        lodash.without = without;
        lodash.wrap = wrap;
        lodash.xor = xor;
        lodash.zip = zip;
        lodash.zipObject = zipObject;

        // Add aliases.
        lodash.backflow = flowRight;
        lodash.collect = map;
        lodash.compose = flowRight;
        lodash.each = forEach;
        lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
        lodash.extend = assign;
        lodash.iteratee = callback;
        lodash.methods = functions;
        lodash.object = zipObject;
        lodash.select = filter;
        lodash.tail = rest;
        lodash.unique = uniq;

        // Add functions to `lodash.prototype`.
        mixin(lodash, lodash);

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        // Add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining.
        lodash.add = add;
        lodash.attempt = attempt;
        lodash.camelCase = camelCase;
        lodash.capitalize = capitalize;
        lodash.clone = clone;
        lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
        lodash.deburr = deburr;
        lodash.endsWith = endsWith;
        lodash.escape = escape;
        lodash.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
        lodash.every = every;
        lodash.find = find;
        lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
        lodash.findKey = findKey;
        lodash.findLast = findLast;
        lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
        lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
        lodash.findWhere = findWhere;
        lodash.first = first;
        lodash.has = has;
        lodash.identity = identity;
        lodash.includes = includes;
        lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
        lodash.inRange = inRange;
        lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
        lodash.isArray = isArray;
        lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
        lodash.isDate = isDate;
        lodash.isElement = isElement;
        lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
        lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
        lodash.isError = isError;
        lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
        lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
        lodash.isMatch = isMatch;
        lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
        lodash.isNative = isNative;
        lodash.isNull = isNull;
        lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
        lodash.isObject = isObject;
        lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
        lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
        lodash.isString = isString;
        lodash.isTypedArray = isTypedArray;
        lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
        lodash.kebabCase = kebabCase;
        lodash.last = last;
        lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
        lodash.max = max;
        lodash.min = min;
        lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
        lodash.noop = noop;
        lodash.now = now;
        lodash.pad = pad;
        lodash.padLeft = padLeft;
        lodash.padRight = padRight;
        lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
        lodash.random = random;
        lodash.reduce = reduce;
        lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
        lodash.repeat = repeat;
        lodash.result = result;
        lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
        lodash.size = size;
        lodash.snakeCase = snakeCase;
        lodash.some = some;
        lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
        lodash.sortedLastIndex = sortedLastIndex;
        lodash.startCase = startCase;
        lodash.startsWith = startsWith;
        lodash.sum = sum;
        lodash.template = template;
        lodash.trim = trim;
        lodash.trimLeft = trimLeft;
        lodash.trimRight = trimRight;
        lodash.trunc = trunc;
        lodash.unescape = unescape;
        lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;
        lodash.words = words;

        // Add aliases.
        lodash.all = every;
        lodash.any = some;
        lodash.contains = includes;
        lodash.detect = find;
        lodash.foldl = reduce;
        lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
        lodash.head = first;
        lodash.include = includes;
        lodash.inject = reduce;

        mixin(lodash, (function() {
            var source = {};
            baseForOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
                if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
                    source[methodName] = func;
                }
            });
            return source;
        }()), false);

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        // Add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining.
        lodash.sample = sample;

        lodash.prototype.sample = function(n) {
            if (!this.__chain__ && n == null) {
                return sample(this.value());
            }
            return this.thru(function(value) {
                return sample(value, n);
            });
        };

        /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

        /**
         * The semantic version number.
         *
         * @static
         * @memberOf _
         * @type string
         */
        lodash.VERSION = VERSION;

        // Assign default placeholders.
        arrayEach(['bind', 'bindKey', 'curry', 'curryRight', 'partial', 'partialRight'], function(methodName) {
            lodash[methodName].placeholder = lodash;
        });

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods that accept an `iteratee` value.
        arrayEach(['dropWhile', 'filter', 'map', 'takeWhile'], function(methodName, type) {
            var isFilter = type != LAZY_MAP_FLAG,
                isDropWhile = type == LAZY_DROP_WHILE_FLAG;

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(iteratee, thisArg) {
                var filtered = this.__filtered__,
                    result = (filtered && isDropWhile) ? new LazyWrapper(this) : this.clone(),
                    iteratees = result.__iteratees__ || (result.__iteratees__ = []);

                iteratees.push({
                    'done': false,
                    'count': 0,
                    'index': 0,
                    'iteratee': getCallback(iteratee, thisArg, 1),
                    'limit': -1,
                    'type': type
                });

                result.__filtered__ = filtered || isFilter;
                return result;
            };
        });

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.drop` and `_.take` variants.
        arrayEach(['drop', 'take'], function(methodName, index) {
            var whileName = methodName + 'While';

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(n) {
                var filtered = this.__filtered__,
                    result = (filtered && !index) ? this.dropWhile() : this.clone();

                n = n == null ? 1 : nativeMax(floor(n) || 0, 0);
                if (filtered) {
                    if (index) {
                        result.__takeCount__ = nativeMin(result.__takeCount__, n);
                    } else {
                        last(result.__iteratees__).limit = n;
                    }
                } else {
                    var views = result.__views__ || (result.__views__ = []);
                    views.push({
                        'size': n,
                        'type': methodName + (result.__dir__ < 0 ? 'Right' : '')
                    });
                }
                return result;
            };

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'Right'] = function(n) {
                return this.reverse()[methodName](n).reverse();
            };

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName + 'RightWhile'] = function(predicate, thisArg) {
                return this.reverse()[whileName](predicate, thisArg).reverse();
            };
        });

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.first` and `_.last`.
        arrayEach(['first', 'last'], function(methodName, index) {
            var takeName = 'take' + (index ? 'Right' : '');

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
                return this[takeName](1).value()[0];
            };
        });

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.initial` and `_.rest`.
        arrayEach(['initial', 'rest'], function(methodName, index) {
            var dropName = 'drop' + (index ? '' : 'Right');

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function() {
                return this[dropName](1);
            };
        });

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods for `_.pluck` and `_.where`.
        arrayEach(['pluck', 'where'], function(methodName, index) {
            var operationName = index ? 'filter' : 'map',
                createCallback = index ? baseMatches : baseProperty;

            LazyWrapper.prototype[methodName] = function(value) {
                return this[operationName](createCallback(value));
            };
        });

        LazyWrapper.prototype.compact = function() {
            return this.filter(identity);
        };

        LazyWrapper.prototype.reject = function(predicate, thisArg) {
            predicate = getCallback(predicate, thisArg, 1);
            return this.filter(function(value) {
                return !predicate(value);
            });
        };

        LazyWrapper.prototype.slice = function(start, end) {
            start = start == null ? 0 : (+start || 0);
            var result = start < 0 ? this.takeRight(-start) : this.drop(start);

            if (typeof end != 'undefined') {
                end = (+end || 0);
                result = end < 0 ? result.dropRight(-end) : result.take(end - start);
            }
            return result;
        };

        LazyWrapper.prototype.toArray = function() {
            return this.drop(0);
        };

        // Add `LazyWrapper` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
        baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
            var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
            if (!lodashFunc) {
                return;
            }
            var checkIteratee = /^(?:filter|map|reject)|While$/.test(methodName),
                retUnwrapped = /^(?:first|last)$/.test(methodName);

            lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
                var args = arguments,
                    length = args.length,
                    chainAll = this.__chain__,
                    value = this.__wrapped__,
                    isHybrid = !!this.__actions__.length,
                    isLazy = value instanceof LazyWrapper,
                    iteratee = args[0],
                    useLazy = isLazy || isArray(value);

                if (useLazy && checkIteratee && typeof iteratee == 'function' && iteratee.length != 1) {
                    // avoid lazy use if the iteratee has a `length` other than `1`
                    isLazy = useLazy = false;
                }
                var onlyLazy = isLazy && !isHybrid;
                if (retUnwrapped && !chainAll) {
                    return onlyLazy ? func.call(value) : lodashFunc.call(lodash, this.value());
                }
                var interceptor = function(value) {
                    var otherArgs = [value];
                    push.apply(otherArgs, args);
                    return lodashFunc.apply(lodash, otherArgs);
                };
                if (useLazy) {
                    var wrapper = onlyLazy ? value : new LazyWrapper(this),
                        result = func.apply(wrapper, args);

                    if (!retUnwrapped && (isHybrid || result.__actions__)) {
                        var actions = result.__actions__ || (result.__actions__ = []);
                        actions.push({
                            'func': thru,
                            'args': [interceptor],
                            'thisArg': lodash
                        });
                    }
                    return new LodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
                }
                return this.thru(interceptor);
            };
        });

        // Add `Array` and `String` methods to `lodash.prototype`.
        arrayEach(['concat', 'join', 'pop', 'push', 'replace', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'split', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
            var func = (/^(?:replace|split)$/.test(methodName) ? stringProto : arrayProto)[methodName],
                chainName = /^(?:push|sort|unshift)$/.test(methodName) ? 'tap' : 'thru',
                retUnwrapped = /^(?:join|pop|replace|shift)$/.test(methodName);

            lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
                var args = arguments;
                if (retUnwrapped && !this.__chain__) {
                    return func.apply(this.value(), args);
                }
                return this[chainName](function(value) {
                    return func.apply(value, args);
                });
            };
        });

        // Map minified function names to their real names.
        baseForOwn(LazyWrapper.prototype, function(func, methodName) {
            var lodashFunc = lodash[methodName];
            if (lodashFunc) {
                var key = lodashFunc.name,
                    names = realNames[key] || (realNames[key] = []);

                names.push({
                    'name': methodName,
                    'func': lodashFunc
                });
            }
        });

        realNames[createHybridWrapper(null, BIND_KEY_FLAG).name] = [{
            'name': 'wrapper',
            'func': null
        }];

        // Add functions to the lazy wrapper.
        LazyWrapper.prototype.clone = lazyClone;
        LazyWrapper.prototype.reverse = lazyReverse;
        LazyWrapper.prototype.value = lazyValue;

        // Add chaining functions to the `lodash` wrapper.
        lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
        lodash.prototype.commit = wrapperCommit;
        lodash.prototype.plant = wrapperPlant;
        lodash.prototype.reverse = wrapperReverse;
        lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
        lodash.prototype.run = lodash.prototype.toJSON = lodash.prototype.valueOf = lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValue;

        // Add function aliases to the `lodash` wrapper.
        lodash.prototype.collect = lodash.prototype.map;
        lodash.prototype.head = lodash.prototype.first;
        lodash.prototype.select = lodash.prototype.filter;
        lodash.prototype.tail = lodash.prototype.rest;

        return lodash;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // Export lodash.
    var _ = runInContext();

    // Some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
    if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
        // Expose lodash to the global object when an AMD loader is present to avoid
        // errors in cases where lodash is loaded by a script tag and not intended
        // as an AMD module. See http://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#mismatch for
        // more details.
        root._ = _;

        // Define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
        // referenced as the "underscore" module.
        define(function() {
            return _;
        });
    }
    // Check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object.
    else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
        // Export for Node.js or RingoJS.
        if (moduleExports) {
            (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
        }
        // Export for Narwhal or Rhino -require.
        else {
            freeExports._ = _;
        }
    } else {
        // Export for a browser or Rhino.
        root._ = _;
    }
}.call(this));
