Philosophy

🤗 Transformers is an opinionated library built for:

• NLP researchers and educators seeking to use/study/extend large-scale transformers models
• hands-on practitioners who want to fine-tune those models and/or serve them in production
• engineers who just want to download a pretrained model and use it to solve a given NLP task.

The library was designed with two strong goals in mind:

• Be as easy and fast to use as possible:

  • We strongly limited the number of user-facing abstractions to learn, in fact, there are almost no abstractions, just three standard classes required to use each model: configuration, models and tokenizer.
  • All of these classes can be initialized in a simple and unified way from pretrained instances by using a common from_pretrained() instantiation method which will take care of downloading (if needed), caching and loading the related class instance and associated data (configurations’ hyper-parameters, tokenizers’ vocabulary, and models’ weights) from a pretrained checkpoint provided on Hugging Face Hub or your own saved checkpoint.
  • On top of those three base classes, the library provides two APIs: pipeline() for quickly using a model (plus its associated tokenizer and configuration) on a given task and Trainer/TFTrainer to quickly train or fine-tune a given model.
  • As a consequence, this library is NOT a modular toolbox of building blocks for neural nets. If you want to extend/build-upon the library, just use regular Python/PyTorch/TensorFlow/Keras modules and inherit from the base classes of the library to reuse functionalities like model loading/saving.

• Provide state-of-the-art models with performances as close as possible to the original models:

  • We provide at least one example for each architecture which reproduces a result provided by the official authors of said architecture.
  • The code is usually as close to the original code base as possible which means some PyTorch code may be not as pytorchic as it could be as a result of being converted TensorFlow code and vice versa.

A few other goals:

• Expose the models’ internals as consistently as possible:

  • We give access, using a single API, to the full hidden-states and attention weights.
  • Tokenizer and base model’s API are standardized to easily switch between models.

• Incorporate a subjective selection of promising tools for fine-tuning/investigating these models:

  • A simple/consistent way to add new tokens to the vocabulary and embeddings for fine-tuning.
  • Simple ways to mask and prune transformer heads.

• Switch easily between PyTorch and TensorFlow 2.0, allowing training using one framework and inference using another.

Main concepts

The library is built around three types of classes for each model:

• Model classes such as BertModel, which are 30+ PyTorch models (torch.nn.Module) or Keras models (tf.keras.Model) that work with the pretrained weights provided in the library.
• Configuration classes such as BertConfig, which store all the parameters required to build a model. You don’t always need to instantiate these yourself. In particular, if you are using a pretrained model without any modification, creating the model will automatically take care of instantiating the configuration (which is part of the model).
• Tokenizer classes such as BertTokenizer, which store the vocabulary for each model and provide methods for encoding/decoding strings in a list of token embeddings indices to be fed to a model.

All these classes can be instantiated from pretrained instances and saved locally using two methods:

• from_pretrained() lets you instantiate a model/configuration/tokenizer from a pretrained version either provided by the library itself (the supported models are provided in the list here) or stored locally (or on a server) by the user,
• save_pretrained() lets you save a model/configuration/tokenizer locally so that it can be reloaded using from_pretrained().