import{s as Ee,n as Ae,o as Re}from"../chunks/scheduler.8a2cc2fa.js";import{S as Ze,i as We,e as i,s as a,c as r,h as ze,a as M,d as t,b as n,f as ge,g as p,j as T,k as Be,l as ve,m as s,n as m,t as o,o as y,p as w}from"../chunks/index.7079e750.js";import{C as xe,H as N,E as Le}from"../chunks/MermaidChart.svelte_svelte_type_style_lang.53f94051.js";import{C as G}from"../chunks/CodeBlock.25f1813b.js";function Ne(Ue){let c,F,S,H,J,Y,U,D,u,ue="The below academic work is ordered in reverse chronological order.",V,j,_,h,je="Authors: Tim Dettmers, Ruslan Svirschevski, Vage Egiazarian, Denis Kuznedelev, Elias Frantar, Saleh Ashkboos, Alexander Borzunov, Torsten Hoefler, Dan Alistarh",P,d,he='<li><a href="https://twitter.com/Tim_Dettmers/status/1666076553665744896" rel="nofollow">Twitter summary thread</a></li>',q,b,O,f,K,C,de="Authors: Tim Dettmers, Artidoro Pagnoni, Ari Holtzman, Luke Zettlemoyer",ee,I,be='<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9PHWGOa8HA&amp;ab_channel=LondonMachineLearningMeetup" rel="nofollow">Video</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/Tim_Dettmers/status/1661379354507476994" rel="nofollow">Twitter summary thread</a></li>',le,k,te,$,se,Q,fe="Authors: Tim Dettmers, Luke Zettlemoyer",ae,g,Ce='<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=odlQa6AE1gY&amp;ab_channel=TheInsideView" rel="nofollow">Video</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/Tim_Dettmers/status/1605209171758284805" rel="nofollow">Twitter summary thread</a></li>',ne,B,ie,E,Me,A,Ie="Authors: Tim Dettmers, Mike Lewis, Younes Belkada, Luke Zettlemoyer",re,R,ke='<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/blog/hf-bitsandbytes-integration" rel="nofollow">LLM.int8() Blog Post</a></li> <li><a href="https://timdettmers.com/2022/08/17/llm-int8-and-emergent-features/" rel="nofollow">LLM.int8() Emergent Features Blog Post</a></li> <li><a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/introduction-to-weight-quantization-2494701b9c0c" rel="nofollow">Introduction to Weight Quantization</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/Tim_Dettmers/status/1598351301942951937" rel="nofollow">Poster</a></li>',pe,Z,me,W,oe,z,$e="Authors: Tim Dettmers, Mike Lewis, Sam Shleifer, Luke Zettlemoyer",ye,v,Qe='<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IxrlHAJtqKE" rel="nofollow">Video</a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/Tim_Dettmers/status/1446472128979562499" rel="nofollow">Twitter summary thread</a></li>',we,x,Te,L,ce,X,Je;return J=new xe({props:{containerStyle:"float: right; margin-left: 10px; display: inline-flex; position: relative; z-index: 10;"}}),U=new N({props:{title:"Papers, related resources & how to cite",local:"papers-related-resources--how-to-cite",headingTag:"h1"}}),j=new N({props:{title:"SpQR: A Sparse-Quantized Representation for Near-Lossless LLM Weight Compression (Jun 2023)",local:"spqr-a-sparse-quantized-representation-for-near-lossless-llm-weight-compression-jun-2023",headingTag:"h2"}}),b=new G({props:{code:"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",highlighted:`@article{dettmers2023spqr,
  title={SpQR: A Sparse-Quantized Representation for Near-Lossless <span class="hljs-keyword">LLM </span>Weight Compression},
  author={Dettmers, Tim <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Svirschevski, Ruslan <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Egiazarian, Vage <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Kuznedelev, Denis <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Frantar, Elias <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Ashkboos, Saleh <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span><span class="hljs-keyword">Borzunov, </span>Alexander <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Hoefler, Torsten <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Alistarh, Dan},
  <span class="hljs-keyword">journal={arXiv </span>preprint arXiv:<span class="hljs-number">2306</span>.<span class="hljs-number">03078</span>},
  year={<span class="hljs-number">2023</span>}
}`,wrap:!1}}),f=new N({props:{title:"QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs (May 2023)",local:"qlora-efficient-finetuning-of-quantized-llms-may-2023",headingTag:"h2"}}),k=new G({props:{code:"JTQwYXJ0aWNsZSU3QmRldHRtZXJzMjAyM3Fsb3JhJTJDJTBBJTIwJTIwdGl0bGUlM0QlN0JRbG9yYSUzQSUyMEVmZmljaWVudCUyMGZpbmV0dW5pbmclMjBvZiUyMHF1YW50aXplZCUyMGxsbXMlN0QlMkMlMEElMjAlMjBhdXRob3IlM0QlN0JEZXR0bWVycyUyQyUyMFRpbSUyMGFuZCUyMFBhZ25vbmklMkMlMjBBcnRpZG9ybyUyMGFuZCUyMEhvbHR6bWFuJTJDJTIwQXJpJTIwYW5kJTIwWmV0dGxlbW95ZXIlMkMlMjBMdWtlJTdEJTJDJTBBJTIwJTIwam91cm5hbCUzRCU3QmFyWGl2JTIwcHJlcHJpbnQlMjBhclhpdiUzQTIzMDUuMTQzMTQlN0QlMkMlMEElMjAlMjB5ZWFyJTNEJTdCMjAyMyU3RCUwQSU3RA==",highlighted:`@article{dettmers2023qlora,
  title={Qlora: Efficient finetuning of quantized <span class="hljs-keyword">llms},
</span>  author={Dettmers, Tim <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Pagnoni, Artidoro <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Holtzman, Ari <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  <span class="hljs-keyword">journal={arXiv </span>preprint arXiv:<span class="hljs-number">2305</span>.<span class="hljs-number">14314</span>},
  year={<span class="hljs-number">2023</span>}
}`,wrap:!1}}),$=new N({props:{title:"The case for 4-bit precision: k-bit Inference Scaling Laws (Dec 2022)",local:"the-case-for-4-bit-precision-k-bit-inference-scaling-laws-dec-2022",headingTag:"h2"}}),B=new G({props:{code:"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",highlighted:`<span class="language-xml">@inproceedings</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{dettmers2023case,
  title={The case for 4-bit precision: k-bit inference scaling laws}</span><span class="language-xml">,
  author=</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{Dettmers, Tim and Zettlemoyer, Luke}</span><span class="language-xml">,
  booktitle=</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{International Conference on Machine Learning}</span><span class="language-xml">,
  pages=</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{7750--7774}</span><span class="language-xml">,
  year=</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{2023}</span><span class="language-xml">,
  organization=</span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{PMLR}</span><span class="language-xml">
}</span>`,wrap:!1}}),E=new N({props:{title:"LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scale (Nov 2022)",local:"llm-int8",headingTag:"h2"}}),Z=new G({props:{code:"JTQwYXJ0aWNsZSU3QmRldHRtZXJzMjAyMmxsbSUyQyUwQSUyMCUyMHRpdGxlJTNEJTdCTGxtLiUyMGludDglMjAoKSUzQSUyMDgtYml0JTIwbWF0cml4JTIwbXVsdGlwbGljYXRpb24lMjBmb3IlMjB0cmFuc2Zvcm1lcnMlMjBhdCUyMHNjYWxlJTdEJTJDJTBBJTIwJTIwYXV0aG9yJTNEJTdCRGV0dG1lcnMlMkMlMjBUaW0lMjBhbmQlMjBMZXdpcyUyQyUyME1pa2UlMjBhbmQlMjBCZWxrYWRhJTJDJTIwWW91bmVzJTIwYW5kJTIwWmV0dGxlbW95ZXIlMkMlMjBMdWtlJTdEJTJDJTBBJTIwJTIwam91cm5hbCUzRCU3QmFyWGl2JTIwcHJlcHJpbnQlMjBhclhpdiUzQTIyMDguMDczMzklN0QlMkMlMEElMjAlMjB5ZWFyJTNEJTdCMjAyMiU3RCUwQSU3RA==",highlighted:`@article{dettmers2022llm,
  title={<span class="hljs-keyword">Llm. </span>int8 (): <span class="hljs-number">8</span>-<span class="hljs-keyword">bit </span>matrix <span class="hljs-keyword">multiplication </span>for transformers <span class="hljs-built_in">at</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">scale},
</span>  author={Dettmers, Tim <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Lewis, Mike <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span><span class="hljs-keyword">Belkada, </span>Younes <span class="hljs-keyword">and </span>Zettlemoyer, Luke},
  <span class="hljs-keyword">journal={arXiv </span>preprint arXiv:<span class="hljs-number">2208</span>.<span class="hljs-number">07339</span>},
  year={<span class="hljs-number">2022</span>}
}`,wrap:!1}}),W=new N({props:{title:"8-bit Optimizers via Block-wise Quantization (Oct 2021)",local:"8-bit-optimizers-via-block-wise-quantization-oct-2021",headingTag:"h2"}}),x=new G({props:{code:"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",highlighted:`@article{DBLP:journals<span class="hljs-regexp">/corr/</span>abs-<span class="hljs-number">2110</span>-<span class="hljs-number">02861</span>,
  author       = {Tim Dettmers and
                  Mike Lewis and
                  Sam Shleifer and
                  Luke Zettlemoyer},
  title        = {<span class="hljs-number">8</span>-bit Optimizers via Block-wise Quantization},
  journal      = {CoRR},
  volume       = {abs/<span class="hljs-number">2110.02861</span>},
  year         = {<span class="hljs-number">2021</span>},
  url          = {https:<span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>arxiv.org<span class="hljs-regexp">/abs/</span><span class="hljs-number">2110.02861</span>},
  eprinttype    = {arXiv},
  eprint       = {<span class="hljs-number">2110.02861</span>},
  timestamp    = {Thu, <span class="hljs-number">21</span> Oct <span class="hljs-number">2021</span> <span class="hljs-number">16</span>:<span class="hljs-number">20</span>:<span class="hljs-number">08</span> +<span class="hljs-number">0200</span>},
  biburl       = {https:<span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>dblp.org<span class="hljs-regexp">/rec/</span>journals<span class="hljs-regexp">/corr/</span>abs-<span class="hljs-number">2110</span>-<span class="hljs-number">02861</span>.bib},
  bibsource    = {dblp computer science bibliography, https:<span class="hljs-regexp">//</span>dblp.org}
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