 amdimchina prakaranam nundi ,  inglaand ‌ loo haaa ‌ marking modhatisaarigaa gamaninchinappudu sangrahinchandi .
 haaa ‌ marking anede  14 va sataabdaaniki chendinadi ,  ingland ‌ ku chendina edvard  I  venditho tayyaru cheyabadina edaina vasthuvu avasaramani ooka chattaanni aamodinchindi ,  idi raajyam yokka naanhem  ( vendi kurencie ) thoo samaanamaina naanhyathatho ammakaniki andinchabadindi .  goald smiths companyki chendina naluguru warden ‌ lu vendi vastuvulanu pareekshinchadaaniki  ( pareekshinchadaaniki )  landon nagaramlooni varey ‌ shap ‌ lanu sandarsinche panilo unnare .  yea kadhanaalu praamaanikam kante thakkuvaga unnatlu gurtinchinatlayite ,  avi vaasthavaaniki rajuku japthu cheyabaddaayi ,  conei avi passes ayinatlayithe ,  prathi kathanam chirutapuli tala gurthugaa umdae raju yokka praamaaniikarana gurtunu pondindi . 1478  natiki ,  landon nagaramlo anek vandala varey ‌ shap ‌ lu mariyu vendi vastuvulanu tayyaru chese vyaapaarulu unnare .  warden ‌ lu vaarandarinii sandarsinchadam sadhyam kadhu kabaadi vyaapaarulu thama vastuvulanu pariiksha mariyu marking choose goald ‌ smiths haaa ‌ ku thisukuravalani adhesinchaaru mariyu bhavananlo saswata pariksha kaaryaalayaanni erpaatu chesar .  idi haaa ‌ marque aney padhaniki muulam  -  goald ‌ smiths haaa ‌ loo raju gurtuto kottabadindi .

1544 loo goald smith kompany vaari pattanha chihnamgaa raju gurtunu sweekarinchindhi mariyu chirutapuli tala gurtu ippudu antarjaateeyamgaa yea pariksha kaaryaalayam yokka chihnamgaa gurthinchabadindi .
 haaa ‌ marking modhatisaarigaa  14 va sataabdamloo inglaand ‌ loo gamaninchabadindi .