 yea prakaranam aadhaaramga ,  dayachesi intigraeted sarkyuut ‌ l  (IC lu )  choose semiconducting material ‌ lanu siddham cheyadanki upayoegimchae prakriyala bullett - paayint jaabitaanu andinchandi .
IC l choose semiconducting padhaarthaalanu siddham cheyadanki upayoegimchae prakriyala kalaika Pali .  ooka prakriyanu dharmal aakseekarana antaruu ,  idi silikaan uparithalampai silikaan peroxide ‌ nu erparustundi .  idi get insulator mariyu fiield aaksaid ‌ gaaa upayoginchabadutundi .  itara prakriyalanu photomask ‌ lu mariyu photolithography antaruu .  yea procedure intigraeted sarkyuut ‌ loni sarkyuut ‌ pai namunalanu srustistundi .  sarkyuut choose namunalanu roopondinche rasayana maarpunu srushtinchadaaniki photoracest layer ‌ thoo paatu athineelalohitha kantini upayogistaaru .

 chekkadam anede avasaramaina tadupari procedure .  munupati dhasha nundi photoracest poratho kappabadani silikaan bhaganni ippudu chekkavacchu .  nedu saadharanamga upayoegimchae pradhaana prakriyanu plasma etching antaruu .  plasma etching anede saadharanamga plasmanu srushtinchadaaniki alpa piidana gadhiloo pump cheyabadina ech gaas ‌ nu kaligi umtumdi .  ooka sadarana etch vayu chlorofluorocarbon ledha saadharanamga telisina freeyan .  cathod mariyu anode Madhya adhika rdi - freequency voltages gadhiloo plasmanu srustistundi .  silikaan pora cathod ‌ pai Pali ,  idi plasma nundi vidudalayye dhanaatmakamgaa charges cheyabadina ayyaan ‌ lachae debbatintundi .  phalitham anisotropical ‌ gaaa chekkabadina silikaan .

 chivari prakriyanu vyaapti antaruu .  idi semiconducting padaarthaaniki kaavalasina semiconducting lakshanaalanu andhinchay procedure .  deeninay doping ani kudaa antaruu .  yea procedure vyavasthaku ooka asuddha anuvunu parichayam chesthundu ,  idi  p-n  junkshan ‌ nu srustistundi .  silikaan poralo ponduparichina asuddha paramaanuvulanu pomdadaaniki ,  poranu modhata  1,100  degreela celsius chamber ‌ loo unchaaru .  anuvulu inject cheyabadathaai mariyu chivariki silikaan ‌ thoo vyaapti chendutaayi .  procedure poortayina tarwata mariyu silikaan gadi ushnogrataku chaerukunna tarwata ,  doping procedure jarudutundhi mariyu semiconducting padaartham intigraeted sarkyuut ‌ loo upayoginchadaaniki siddhangaa umtumdi .
- dharmal aakseekarana 
- photomask ‌ lu / photolithography 
- etching  ( pradhaanamgaa plasma etching )
- diffusion / doping 