 kwark spun antey emti ?
 fermianlu kanaala yokka remdu praadhimika taragatulalo okati ,  marokati bosanlu .  fermian kanaalu fermi - dirac ganamkala dwara vivarinchabaddaayi mariyu pauly minahaayinpu sutram dwara vivarimchabadina kvaantm sankhyalanu kaligi untai .  vatilo kwark ‌ lu mariyu leptan ‌ lu ,  alaage anni berian ‌ lu mariyu anek paramaanhuvulu mariyu kendrakalu vento baesi sankhyatho koodina edaina misrama kanaalu untai .

 fermianlu sagam - puurnaamka spun kaligi untai ;  telisina anni praadhimika fermian ‌ laku idi  1⁄2.  neutrinolu tappa anni telisina fermianlu kudaa dirac fermianlu ;  antey ,  telisina prathi fermian ‌ ku dani swantha pratyekamaina antipartical umtumdi .  neutrino dirac fermiona leka mazorana fermiona anede theliyadu .  fermianlu anni padaardhaala praadhimika nirmaana vastuvulu .  avi balamaina paraspara carya dwara sankarshana chendutaya ledha anedaanini batti vargeekarinchabadataayi .  staendard modal ‌ loo , 12  takala elemantary fermian ‌ lu unnayi :  aaru kwark ‌ lu mariyu aaru leptan ‌ lu .
 kwark ‌ lu fermian ‌ lu kabaadi  1/2  spun ‌ nu kaligi untai .