 dikanami af scale ‌ ki konni udaaharanalu emti ?
 maikroe ecanamics ‌ loo ,  scale af scale anede entor ‌ prises vaari scale af aapareshan kaaranamgaa pondhee karchu prayojanalu mariyu saadharanamga unit samayaaniki utpatthi cheyabadina avut ‌ putt motham dwara kolustaaru .  avut ‌ putt unit ‌ ku dara thaggadam scale ‌ loo perugudalanu anumatistundi .  scale aardika vyavasthala aadhaaramga ,  maarket niyanthrana sthaayiki saankethika ,  gananka ,  samshtha ledha sambandhitha kaarakaalu vumdavacchu .  idi Bodh yokka pakshika vivarana Bara .

 aardika vyavasthalu vividha takala samsthaagata mariyu vyapara paristhitulaku mariyu utpatthi ,  plant ledha motham samshtha vento vividha sthaayilaku vartistaayi .  utpatthi perigekoddii sagatu kharchulu thaggadam prarambhinchinappudu ,  aardika vyavasthalu erpadatayi .  utpaadaka saukaryaala muuladhana vyayam mariyu ravaanhaa mariyu paarishraamika parikaraala gharshana nashtam vento konni aardika vyavasthalu bhautika ledha inginiiring praatipadikanu kaligi untai .

 aardika Bodh aadam smith naatidi mariyu shram vibhajananu upayoginchadam dwara peddha utpatthi raabadini pondaalane aaloochana Pali .  dikanami af scale deeniki viruddhamgaa unnayi .

 scale yokka aardika vyavasthalu tarachugaa parimitulanu kaligi untai ,  udaharanaku adanapu unit ‌ ku kharchulu peragadam praarambhamayye anukuulamaina design paayint ‌ nu daatadam vantivi .  kalapa ,  gujju mariyu kaagitapu parisramaloe kalapa vento sameepamloni mudi padaardhaala sarafharanu adhigaminchadam sadarana parimithulu .  ooka unit baruvu vasthuvulaku takuva daraku ooka sadarana parimithi praamtiya maarket ‌ nu santruptaparustundi ,  tadwara utpattini aardhikaparamaina dooraalaku ravaanhaa cheyaalsi umtumdi .  itara parimitulalo shakthini takuva samardhavantamgaa upayoginchadam ledha adhika lopam raetu kaligi untai .

 peddha utpatthidhaarulu saadharanamga ooka utpatthi grade  ( ooka vasthuvu )  yokka deergha parugula oddha samardhavanthamgaa untaruu mariyu tarachu grade ‌ lanu maarchadam khareedainadigaa bhaawistaaru .  anevalla varu ekuva maargin ‌ lanu kaligi unnappatikee specialty grade ‌ lanu tappinchukuntaaru .  tarachugaa chinna  ( saadharanamga paata )  thayaarii soukaryalu commodity - grade utpatthi nundi pratyeka utpattulaku maaradam dwara aacharaneeyamgaa untai .

 ichina plant utpattilo perugudala nundi utpannamayyae aardika vyavasthala nundi scale yokka aardika vyavasthalu tappanisariga vary cheyabadali .  ooka plant ‌ nu dani saraina utpatthi saamarthyam kante thakkuvaga upayoginchinappudu ,  dani viniyoga stayi perugudala motham sagatu utpatthi vyayamlo taggudalani kaligisthundhi .  nicolaus jaarjesku - rogen  (1966)  mariyu nicolaus kaldor  (1972)  dwara gamaninchinatlugaa ,  yea aardika vyavasthalu stayi aardika vyavasthalu kaavu .
 dikanami af scale yokka udaaharanalu :  shakthini takuva samardhavantamgaa upayoginchadam ,  praamtiya maarket ‌ nu adhikanga upayoginchadam ,  stanika mudisaruku sarafharanu adhigaminchadam ,  adhika utpatthi maare kharchulu adhika maargin utpattulaku  ( taggina churukudanam )  paivat cheyalekapovadaniki dhaaritheesthaayi mariyu adhika lopam retunu kaligi untai . .