 kvaantm tunelling prakriyala udaaharanalu emti ?
 newtron dwara prerepita vichchitti kakunda ,  maanavulache viniyoginchabadina mariyu doopidii cheyabadina ,  sahajamaina aakasmika rediyodharmika kshayam  ( newtron avsaram ledhu )  kudaa vichchittigaa suuchimchabadutumdi mariyu mukhyamgaa adhika dravyaraashi - sanka isotopulalo sambhavisthumdhi . 1940 loo mascolo flirov ,  petr ‌ zac mariyu kurchatov ‌ lu aakasmika vichchittini kanugonnaru ,  newtron ‌ l dwara bombulu veyykunda ,  euranium yokka vichchitti raetu chaaala thakkuvaga undani nirdhaarinchadaaniki uddeeshinchina ooka prayogamlo ,  niels bohr oohinchinatlu ;  adi upekshinchadaginadi kadhu .

 utpattula yokka anoohya kuurpu  ( visthrutha sambhaavyata mariyu kontha astavyastamyna paddhatilo maaruthuu umtumdi )  vichchittini protan udgaram ,  aalfa kshayam mariyu cluster kshayam vento purtiga kvaantm tunelling prakriyala nundi vary chesthundu ,  ivi pratisaarii adae utpattulanu andistaayi .  anhu vichchitti anhu sakta choose shakthini utpatthi chesthundu mariyu anhu ayudhala peludunu nadipistundi .  anhu indhanaalu ani piluvabadee konni padaarthaalu vichchitti newtron ‌ lachae thaakinappudu vichchittiki lonavutayi mariyu avi vidipoyinappudu newtron ‌ lanu vidudhala chestaayi kabaadi remdu vupayogalu saadhyamee .  idi anhu reactor ‌ loo niyamtrita retutho ledha anhu aayudhamlo chaaala vaegavanthamaina ,  aniyantrita retutho shakthini vidudhala cheeyadam dwara sveeya - nirantara anhu golusu praticharyanu sadhyam chesthundu .

 anhu indhanamlo unna uchita sakta motham gasoline vento rasayana indhanam yokka saaroopya dravyaraasilo umdae uchita sakta kante millionla retlu ekuva ,  anhu vichchitti saktiki chaaala dattamaina muulam .  ayithe ,  anhu vichchitti yokka utpattulu saadharanamga indhanamgaa vichchitti cheyabadina bhaaree muulakaala kante sagatuna chaaala ekuva rediyodhaarmikatanu kaligi untai mariyu anhu vyartha samasyaku daariteestuu gananiyamaina samayam varku alaage untai .  ayinappatikee ,  edu deerghakaala vichchitti utpattulu vichchitti utpattulalo ooka chinna bhaganni Bara kaligi untai .  vichchittiki daariteeyani newtron soshana plutoniumnu utpatthi chesthundu  (238  nundi 
U)  mariyu minoor actinides  ( rendoo  235  nundi 
U  mariyu  238
U)  deeni radiotacsicity deerghakaalika vichchitti utpattula kante chaaala ekuva .  anhu vyardhaala sanchitam mariyu anvaayudhaala vidhvamsaka sambhaavyatapai aandolanalu vichchittini sakta vanarugaa upayoginchaalane saantiyuta korikanu pratiroopam .  thorium endhanna chakram vaasthavamgaa plutonium mariyu chaaala takuva minoor actinide ‌ lanu utpatthi chesthundu ,  conei  232
U -  ledha dani kshayam utpattulu  -  ooka pradhaana ainama Rae udgaarini .  anni actinide ‌ lu saaravantamainavi ledha fis ‌ sail ‌ gaaa untai mariyu phaast breeder reactor ‌ lu konni configuration ‌ lalo Bara vatini vichchitti cheeyagalavu .  anhu reprosessing anede euranium  ( mariyu thorium )  sarafaraalanu ekuva kaalam vundela cheyadanki mariyu  " vyardhaala "  mothanni tagginchadaaniki karchu chosen anhu indhanam nundi upayoginchagala padhaarthaanni tirigi pondadam lakshyangaa pettukindi .  anni ledha dadapu anni actinide ‌ lanu vichchitti chese prakriyaku parisrama padm  " clogead fuel cykil ".
 protan udgaaraalu ,  aalfa kshayam mariyu cluster kshayam .