 genyu visleshana antey emti ?
 ooka jiivi yokka genyu shrenilo jeevilooni prathi chromosome yokka saamuuhika  DNA  srenulu untai .  oche chromosome unna bacterium choose ,  genome projekt aa chromosome yokka kramaanni map cheeyadaanni lakshyangaa cheskuntundi . 22  jatala autosom ‌ lu mariyu  2  sexy chromosome ‌ lanu kaligi unna human jaatiki ,  porthi genome sequence ‌ loo  46  vaervaeru chromosome sequence ‌ lu untai .

 huumane genome projekt anede genome projekt ‌ ki bagaa telisina udaaharanha .

 genome assembli anede peddha sankhyalo chinna  DNA  sequence ‌ lanu tesukoni , DNA  vudbavimchina asalau chromosome ‌ l yokka praatinidhyaanni roopondhinchadaaniki vatini malli sameekarinche prakriyanu suchisthundi .  shat ‌ gunn sequencing projekt ‌ loo ,  ooka muulam nundi motham  DNA ( saadharanamga oche jiivi ,  bacterium nundi ksheeradam varku edaina )  modhata millionla koddi chinna mukkalugaa virigipotundi .  yea mukkalu automated sequencing mesheenla dwara  " chadavabadatayi ".  genome assembli algoritham anni mukkalanu tesukoni vatini okadhanikokati samalekhanam cheeyadam dwara panichestundi mariyu remdu chinna seekvensulu ledha reed ‌ lu ativyaapti chendutunna anni pradheeshaalanu gurtimchadam dwara pania chesthundu .  yea ativyaapti reed ‌ lu vileenam cheyabadathaai mariyu procedure konasaagutundi .

 genome assembli anede chaaala kashtamiena ganana samasya ,  chaaala klishtamaindi endhukante chaaala janyuvulu peddha sankhyalo oche vidhamina kramaalanu kaligi untai ,  vitini repeats ani pilustharu .  yea punaraavruttulu velakoddi nucleotide ‌ l podavu vumdavacchu mariyu vaervaeru pradeeshaalaloo sambhavistayi ,  mukhyamgaa mokkalu mariyu jantuvula peddha janyuvulalo .

 falithamgaa  ( draft )  genome sequence ,  inparmeeshan seakwensed contig ‌ lanu kalapadam dwara mariyu paranjaanu srushtinchadaaniki linc chese samaachaaraanni upayoginchadam dwara utpatthi cheyabaduthundhi .  paramjaalu chromosome ‌ l bhautika patamloo  " bagare margam " ni srushtistaayi .

 vaasthavaaniki ,  chaaala peddha - stayi  DNA  sequencing kendralu thaamu utpatthi chosen sequence ‌ lanu assembling cheyadanki vaari swantha saft ‌ ware ‌ nu abhivruddhi chesaayi .  ayithe ,  saft ‌ ware marinta klishtamgaa periginanduna mariyu sequencing centres sanka periginanduna idi maripoyinde .  atuvanti assembler shortt oligonucliotide analysis pyaakaejeeki udaharanaga  BGI  human - parimaana janyuvula di novo assembli ,  amarika , SNP  detection ,  reckevencing ,  indel finding mariyu structurally variation analysis choose abhivruddhi chesindi .

1980 l nundi ,  molecular biologi mariyu bioinformatics  DNA  ullekhana avasaraanni srushtinchaayi . DNA  ullekhanam ledha genome ullekhanam anede jeevasambandha samaachaaraanni sequence ‌ laku jodinchadaanni gurtinche procedure ,  mariyu mukhyamgaa janyuvula sdhaanaalanu gurtinchadamlo mariyu aa janyuvulu emi chesthaayo nirnayinchadamlo .

 janyuvunu kramam chesedappudu ,  saadharanamga sequence cheeyadam kashtangaa umdae pranthalu untai  ( tarachugaa punaraavrutamayye  DNA  unna pranthalu ).  anevalla , ' poortayina '  genyu srenulu chaaala aruduga puurtavutaayi mariyu atuvanti genyu projekt ‌ l sthithini marinta khachitamgaa vivarinchadaaniki  ' varking draft '  ledha  ' mukhyamgaa porthi '  vento padealu upayoginchabaddaayi .  genome sequence yokka prathi beys jatha gurtinchabadinappatiki , DNA  sequencing purtiga khachitamaina procedure kaananduna lopalu umdae avaksam Pali .  yea avayavalu vaati swantha janyuvulanu kaligi unnanduna porthi genyu projekt ‌ loo mitochondrion mariyu  ( mokkala choose )  chloroplast ‌ l srenulu vundali ani kudaa vaadinchavachchu .

 janyuvunu kramam cheeyadam yokka lakshyam nirdishta genyu shrenilooni porthi janyuvula girinchi samaachaaraanni pondadam ani tarachugaa nivedinchabadindi .  janyuvula choose ene ‌ kood chese janyuvu yokka nishpatthi chaaala thakkuvaga vumdavacchu  ( mukhyamgaa maanavula vento eucariot ‌ lalo , DNA  kooding motham sequence ‌ loo konni saatam Bara umtumdi ).  ayinappatikee ,  kooding praantaalanu vidigaa Bara kramam cheeyadam allappuduu sadhyam kadhu  ( ledha kavalsinadi ).  alaage ,  shaasthravetthalu yea naane ‌ kooding  DNA ( tarachugaa junk  DNA  ani pilustharu )  patra girinchi marinta ardham chesukunnanduna ,  edaina jiivi yokka janyusaastram mariyu jeevasaastraanni ardham cheskovadaniki nepathyamgaa porthi genyu srenini kaligi undatam chaaala mukyamainadhi .

 anek vidhaaluga genyu prajektulu jiivi yokka  DNA  kramaanni nirnayinchadaniki Bara parimitam kaavu .  janyuvulalo janyuvulu yakkada unnaayo mariyu aa janyuvulu emi chesthaayo telusukovadaniki ituvante projekt ‌ lalo genyu anchana kudaa vumdavacchu .  janyuvulu vaasthavaaniki yakkada unnaayo kanugonadamlo sahayapadataniki  EST lu ledha  mRNA lanu kramam cheyadanki sambandhitha projekt ‌ lu kudaa vumdavacchu .