 ichina passage nundi optically illution girinchi konni mukhyamaina paayintlanu rayandi .
 drusya grahanasaktilo ,  optically bhrama  ( vijuval bhrama ani kudaa pilustharu )  anede drusyamaanata valana kaliga bhrama .
 vyvasta   mariyu vaastavikataku bhinnangaa nissandehamgaa kanipincha drusyamana   grahanum   chee vargeekarinchabadutundi .  bhramalu ostayi 
 anek rakalaloo ;  vaati vargikarana kastham endhukante antarleena kaaranam tarachugaa spashtangaa undadhu   conei  a
 richaard gregory   chee pratipaadinchabadina vargikarana orientation ‌ gaaa vupayogapaduthundi .  dani prakaaram ,  muudu unnayi 
 pradhaana tharagathulu :  bhautika ,  saareeraka mariyu abhignaa bhramalu ,  mariyu prathi taragatiloo nalaugu rakaalu unnayi :
 aspashtatalu ,  vakreekaranalu ,  vairudhyaalu mariyu kalpanalu .  bhautika vakreekaranaku ooka praamaanika udaaharanha 
 neetiloki sagam munigina karra yokka spastamaina vampu ;  physiological paradox choose ooka udaaharanha 
 moshan ofter affect  ( yakkada ,  kadalika unnappatikee ,  sthaanam maaradu ).  ooka udaaharanha 
 physiological fiction anede ooka   pratichitram .  muudu vilakshanhamaina abhignaa vakreekaranalu ponjo  ,  pogen ‌ darf ,
 mariyu   mueller - lair   bhrama .  bhautika bhramalu bhautika vaataavaranam will kalugutaayi ,  udaa .  optically dwara 
 neeti lakshanhaalu .  kanti ledha drusya margamlo saareeraka bhramalu talettutaayi ,  udaa .  yokka prabhaavaala nundi 
 nirdishta grahaka rakam yokka adhika uddeepana .  abhignaa drusya bhramalu apasmaraka sthiti yokka phalitham 
 anumitulu mariyu bahusa chaaala vistrutamgaa telisinavi .
1.  vijuval illusion   vijuval sistom   chee kalugutundhi mariyu kanipincha drusyamana   grahanum   chee vargeekarinchabadutundi 
 vaastavikataku bhinnangaa vundali .
2.  richaard gregory prakaaram ,  athanu pratipaadinchina vargikarana ooka dhoranigaa vupayogapaduthundi ,
 muudu pradhaana tharagathulu unnayi :  bhautika ,  saareeraka mariyu abhignaa bhramalu mariyu prathi taragatiloo 
 nalaugu rakaalu unnayi :  aspashtatalu ,  vakreekaranalu ,  vairudhyaalu mariyu kalpanalu .
3.  bhautika vakreekaranaku udaharanaga sagam munigipoyina karra yokka spastamaina vangadam 
 neeti ;  physiological paradox ‌ ki ooka udaaharanha chalanam tarwata prabavam  ( yakkada ,  unnappatikee 
 kadalika ,  sthaanam maaradu ).
4.  physiological fiction ‌ ki ooka udaaharanha   ofter ‌ mej 
5.  muudu abhignaa vakreekaranalu    ponjo  ,  pogen ‌ darf mariyu   mueller - lair   bhraanthi .
6.  bhautika bhramalu bhautika vaataavaranam will kalugutaayi ,  udaa .  yokka optically lakshanhaala dwara 
 neeti .  kanti ledha drusya margamlo saareeraka bhramalu talettutaayi .
7.  athantha vistrutamgaa telisina bhrama drusya bhramalu ,  avi apasmaraka anumitula falithamgaa untai .