 lens ‌ l yokka vibhinna aakrutula bullett jaabitaanu andinchandi 
 sadarana lens ‌ l nirmaanam 

 chaaala lens ‌ lu golakara katakamulu :  vaati remdu uparitalaalu golaala uparitalaala bhaagaalu .  prathi uparitalam kumbhaakaaramgaa umtumdi  ( lens nundi baytiki ubbutundi ),  putakara  ( lens ‌ loki anachiveyabadutundi )  ledha planner  ( Phek )  umtumdi .  lens uparitalaalanu tayyaru chese golaala kendralanu kalipa rekhanu lens aksham antaruu .  saadharanamga lens aksham lens yokka bhautika kendram gunda velluthundhi ,  endhukante avi tayyaru cheyabadina vidhaanam .  lens ‌ lanu vaerae aakaram ledha parimaanaanni andinchadaaniki tayyaru chosen tarwata vatini kattirinchavacchu ledha grounded cheyavachu .  lens aksham lens yokka bhautika kendram gunda vellakapovacchu .

 toric ledha golakara - sthuupaakaara lens ‌ lu remdu orthogonal plain ‌ lalo vakrata yokka remdu vaervaeru redialatho uparitalaalanu kaligi untai .  avi vaervaeru meridianlalo vibhinna phokal pvr kaligi untai .  idi astigmatic lens ‌ nu erparustundi .  okari kantiloni aastigmatijamnu saricheyadaaniki upayoegimchae kalladdaala lens ‌ lu ooka udaaharanha .
 katakaala yokka vividha aakaralu krindivi :
-  kumbhakara :  lens Madhya nundi vakratalu 
-  putakara :  lens madyalo vampulu 
-  planner :  Phek lens 