 konni puraathana nagarikatalu av prarambhamayyayi ?
 puraathana nagara nagarikatha  4000-3500 B.C  naatidi mariyu dheenini mesopotaamia ani pilustharu  ( antey ,  remdu nadula Madhya )  idi adhunika iraq ,  kuvait mariyu siriyaa .  mesopotaamia purogatulalo konni kood af hammurabi ,  babilonian khagola shaastram mariyu beys  60  sankhya vyvasta  ( idi  60- seconlu , 60  nimishalu mariyu  360- degreela vruttaaniki punaadhigaa marindi .
 puraathana ejipshiyan nagarikatha  ( cree . poo . 3100)  dadapu  3000  samvatsaraalugaa unna athantha saktivantamaina saamrajyaalalo okati .  idi nedu siriyaa nundi suudaan varku vistarimchi unna nailu nadi chuttuu Pali .  piramidlu kakunda ,  avi samadhulu ,  mammification mariyu samadhulaku prassiddhi chendhaayi .  varu  365  rojula calander ‌ thoo paatu  24  gantala rojunu kudaa abhivruddhi chesar .  alegjaamdar dhi greeat dhaanini vijayavantamga jayinchadamtho  332 B.C  chuttuu nagarikatha mugisindhi .
 sumaaru  2500 B.C.,  simdhu loeya nagarikatha abhivruddhi chendhindhi .  adhunika bhaaratadaesam ,  pakistan mariyu aafghanisthaan ‌ lanu kaligi unna simdhu nadi loeya nundi yea peruu vacchindi .  idi saraina murugu mariyu neeti sarafara vyavasthalatho vyavastheekruta nagara pranaalikato athantha adunaatana nagarikatalo okatiga pariganhinchabadutundi .  varu praamaanika baruvulu mariyu kolatalu ,  raagi ,  kamsya ,  seesam ,  mariyu tin mariyu siel chekkadamtho lohasastram andhinchay athantha phalavantamaina aavishkartalu .  charitrakaarulalo enka charchaloo jaruguthoone unnayi mariyu simdhu loeya nagarikatha puraathana ejipshiyan mariyu mesopotamian rendintiki poorvam undavachani suuchinchae konni adhyayanalu unnayi .  sambandam lekunda ,  yea nagarikatha girinchi teliyanu vaati kante ekuva .  dadapu  1700 B.C. loo yea athantha bhavishyath nagarikatha kshinathaku vaataavarana maarpu kaaranamaindani nammutharu .