 bhugarbha shaasthramlo ,  shilala vargeekarananu e kaarakaalu nirnayistaayi ?  phalithaalanu bullett jaabitaalo unchandi 
 bhugarbha shaasthramlo ,  roy  ( ledha roy )  anede sahajamgaa sambhavinchee edaina ghana dravyaraashi ledha khanijalu ledha minaralaid padaartham .  idi cherchabadina khanijalu ,  dani rasayana kuurpu mariyu adi yerpadina vidhaanam dwara vargeekarinchabadutundi .  astenospier ‌ loni drava baahya korr mariyu silaadravam packets minahaa bhuumii yokka bayati ghana pora ,  crust mariyu dani lopaliki bhagamlo rallu yerparustayi .  shilala adhyyanamlo petrology mariyu khanijasastramto sahaa bhugarbha shaastram yokka bahulha upavibhaagaalu untai .  idi bhumipai kanipincha raallaku parimitam kaavachhu ledha itara khagola vasthuvula raallanu adhyayanam chese planetary jialajeeni kaligi vumdavacchu .
-  khanijalu unnayi 
-  rasayana kuurpu 
-  roy yerpadina margam 