


"""simple docstring"""





import numpy as np





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Any				,	lowerCamelCase     :  Union[str, Any]				,	lowerCamelCase     :  List[Any]				)					->     Tuple:
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[int]								=					n_draws * class_counts / class_counts.sum()
  # floored means we don't overshoot n_samples, but probably undershoot
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					np.floor(lowerCamelCase				)
  # we add samples according to how much "left over" probability
  # they had, until we arrive at n_samples
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					int(n_draws - floored.sum()				)
  if need_to_add > 0:
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					continuous - floored
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					np.sort(np.unique(lowerCamelCase				)				)[::-1]
    # add according to remainder, but break ties
    # randomly to avoid biases
    for value in values:
      (lowerCAmelCase__							)    :    Dict								=					np.where(remainder == value				)
      # if we need_to_add less than what's in inds
      # we draw randomly from them.
      # if we need to add more, we add them all and
      # go to the next value
      lowerCAmelCase__    :    str								=					min(len(lowerCamelCase				)				,	lowerCamelCase				)
      lowerCAmelCase__    :    str								=					rng.choice(lowerCamelCase				,	size=lowerCamelCase				,	replace=lowerCamelCase				)
      floored[inds] += 1
      need_to_add -= add_now
      if need_to_add == 0:
        break
  return floored.astype(np.intaa				)







def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Optional[int]				,	lowerCamelCase     :  Tuple				,	lowerCamelCase     :  List[Any]				,	lowerCamelCase     :  Optional[Any]				,	lowerCamelCase     :  List[str]=1_0				)					->     Any:
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[Any]								=					np.unique(lowerCamelCase				,	return_inverse=lowerCamelCase				)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    str								=					classes.shape[0]
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					np.bincount(lowerCamelCase				)
  if np.min(lowerCamelCase				) < 2:
    raise ValueError("Minimum class count error"				)
  if n_train < n_classes:
    raise ValueError(
        "The train_size = %d should be greater or " "equal to the number of classes = %d" % (n_train, n_classes)				)
  if n_test < n_classes:
    raise ValueError(
        "The test_size = %d should be greater or " "equal to the number of classes = %d" % (n_test, n_classes)				)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					np.split(np.argsort(lowerCamelCase				,	kind="mergesort"				)				,	np.cumsum(lowerCamelCase				)[:-1]				)
  for _ in range(lowerCamelCase				):
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					approximate_mode(lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				)
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[int]								=					class_counts - n_i
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[int]								=					approximate_mode(lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				)

    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Tuple								=					[]
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[Any]								=					[]

    for i in range(lowerCamelCase				):
      lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					rng.permutation(class_counts[i]				)
      lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					class_indices[i].take(lowerCamelCase				,	mode="clip"				)
      train.extend(perm_indices_class_i[: n_i[i]]				)
      test.extend(perm_indices_class_i[n_i[i] : n_i[i] + t_i[i]]				)
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Dict								=					rng.permutation(lowerCamelCase				)
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Tuple								=					rng.permutation(lowerCamelCase				)

    yield train, test




"""simple docstring"""





from __future__ import annotations

__UpperCAmelCase    				=      [2, 1, 4, 5, 6, 0, 8, 9, 1, 2, 0, 6, 4, 2, 0, 6, 5, 3, 2, 7]

class  lowercase_  :







      def __init__(      self :							int		,  _lowercase :							int    ):
        lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					-1
        lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					-1
        lowerCAmelCase__    :    list[int]								=					[-1] * length
        lowerCAmelCase__    :    Node | None								=					None
        lowerCAmelCase__    :    Node | None								=					None







      def __repr__(      self :							List[Any]    ):
        return f"Node(min_value={self.minn} max_value={self.maxx})"





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  list[int]				)					->     Node | None:
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					Node(len(lowerCamelCase				)				)
  lowerCAmelCase__				,		lowerCAmelCase__    :    Any								=					min(lowerCamelCase				), max(lowerCamelCase				)
  # Leaf node case where the node contains only one unique value
  if root.minn == root.maxx:
    return root
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    str								=					(root.minn + root.maxx) // 2

  lowerCAmelCase__    :    list[int]								=					[]
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    list[int]								=					[]

  for index, num in enumerate(lowerCamelCase				):
    if num <= pivot:
      left_arr.append(lowerCamelCase				)
    else:
      right_arr.append(lowerCamelCase				)
    lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[Any]								=					len(lowerCamelCase				)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					build_tree(lowerCamelCase				)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[Any]								=					build_tree(lowerCamelCase				)
  return root





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Node | None				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				)					->     int:
  if index < 0 or node is None:
    return 0
  # Leaf node cases
  if node.minn == node.maxx:
    return index + 1 if node.minn == num else 0
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					(node.minn + node.maxx) // 2
  if num <= pivot:
    # go the left subtree and map index to the left subtree
    return rank_till_index(node.left				,	lowerCamelCase				,	node.map_left[index] - 1				)
  else:
    # go to the right subtree and map index to the right subtree
    return rank_till_index(node.right				,	lowerCamelCase				,	index - node.map_left[index]				)





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Node | None				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				)					->     int:
  if start > end:
    return 0
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    int								=					rank_till_index(lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    Optional[Any]								=					rank_till_index(lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	start - 1				)
  return rank_till_end - rank_before_start





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Node | None				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				)					->     int:
  if index > (end - start) or start > end or node is None:
    return -1
  # Leaf node case
  if node.minn == node.maxx:
    return node.minn
  # Number of elements in the left subtree in interval [start, end]
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					node.map_left[end] - (
      node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0
  )
  if num_elements_in_left_tree > index:
    return quantile(
        node.left				,	lowerCamelCase				,	(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)				,	node.map_left[end] - 1				,	)
  else:
    return quantile(
        node.right				,	index - num_elements_in_left_tree				,	start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)				,	end - node.map_left[end]				,	)





def     lowercase__	(  lowerCamelCase     :  Node | None				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				,	lowerCamelCase     :  int				)					->     int:
  if (
      start > end
      or node is None
      or start_num > end_num
      or node.minn > end_num
      or node.maxx < start_num
  ):
    return 0
  if start_num <= node.minn and node.maxx <= end_num:
    return end - start + 1
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					range_counting(
      node.left				,	(node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)				,	node.map_left[end] - 1				,	lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	)
  lowerCAmelCase__    :    List[str]								=					range_counting(
      node.right				,	start - (node.map_left[start - 1] if start else 0)				,	end - node.map_left[end]				,	lowerCamelCase				,	lowerCamelCase				,	)
  return left + right


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()
