



"""simple docstring"""






from __future__ import annotations

class 	__lowerCAmelCase							:


     '''simple docstring'''


     def __init__(      self    ,       a   ):




          """simple docstring"""





          snake_case_						:str								=						value
          snake_case_						:int								=						None
          snake_case_						:Dict								=						None



class 	__lowerCAmelCase							:


     '''simple docstring'''


     a__        =     42







     def __init__(      self   ):




          """simple docstring"""





          snake_case_						:Optional[Any]								=						0







     def 		_a (      self    ,       a    ,       a   ):




          """simple docstring"""





          if node is None:
               return

          if path_sum == self.target:
               self.paths += 1

          if node.left:
               self.depth_first_search(node.left    ,       path_sum + node.left.value   )
          if node.right:
               self.depth_first_search(node.right    ,       path_sum + node.right.value   )







     def 		_a (      self    ,       a    ,       a = None   ):




          """simple docstring"""





          if node is None:
               return 0
          if target is not None:
               snake_case_						:List[Any]								=						target

          self.depth_first_search(lowerCAmelCase_    ,       node.value   )
          self.path_sum(node.left   )
          self.path_sum(node.right   )

          return self.paths


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()






"""simple docstring"""






def      A      (			_A,     _A = 1_000							):




					"""simple docstring"""
					if (not isinstance(_A,     _A							)) or (digit_position <= 0):
										raise ValueError("Digit position must be a positive integer"							)
					elif (not isinstance(_A,     _A							)) or (precision < 0):
										raise ValueError("Precision must be a nonnegative integer"							)

					# compute an approximation of (16 ** (n - 1)) * pi whose fractional part is mostly
					# accurate
					snake_case_						:List[Any]								=						(
					    4 * _subsum(_A,     1,     _A							)
					    - 2 * _subsum(_A,     4,     _A							)
					    - _subsum(_A,     5,     _A							)
					    - _subsum(_A,     6,     _A							)
					)

					# return the first hex digit of the fractional part of the result
					return hex(int((sum_result % 1) * 16							)							)[2:]
def      A      (			_A,     _A,     _A							):




					"""simple docstring"""
					snake_case_						:int								=						0.0
					for sum_index in range(digit_pos_to_extract + precision							):
										snake_case_						:Optional[Any]								=						8 * sum_index + denominator_addend
										if sum_index < digit_pos_to_extract:
															# if the exponential term is an integer and we mod it by the denominator
															# before dividing, only the integer part of the sum will change;
															# the fractional part will not
															snake_case_						:List[Any]								=						pow(
															    16,     digit_pos_to_extract - 1 - sum_index,     _A							)
										else:
															snake_case_						:Optional[Any]								=						pow(16,     digit_pos_to_extract - 1 - sum_index							)
										total += exponential_term / denominator
					return total


if __name__ == "__main__":
				import doctest

				doctest.testmod()

