

import numpy as np




def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : List[str],    UpperCamelCase_  : List[Any]="utf-8",    UpperCamelCase_  : List[Any]="surrogatepass")			->		int:
   '''simple docstring'''


   __lowercase			=		bin(int.from_bytes(text.encode(__snake_case,    __snake_case),    "big"))[2:]
   return bits.zfill(8 * ((len(__snake_case) + 7) // 8))




def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : Any,    UpperCamelCase_  : List[Any]="utf-8",    UpperCamelCase_  : int="surrogatepass")			->		int:
   '''simple docstring'''


   __lowercase			=		int(__snake_case,    2)
   return n.to_bytes((n.bit_length() + 7) // 8,    "big").decode(__snake_case,    __snake_case) or "\0"




def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : Union[str, Any],    UpperCamelCase_  : Dict)			->		Tuple:
   '''simple docstring'''


   if size_par + len(__snake_case) <= 2**size_par - (len(__snake_case) - 1):
      raise ValueError("size of parity don\'t match with size of data")

   __lowercase			=		[]
   __lowercase			=		[]
   __lowercase			=		[bin(__snake_case)[2:] for x in range(1,    size_par + len(__snake_case) + 1)]

   # sorted information data for the size of the output data
   __lowercase			=		[]
   # data position template + parity
   __lowercase			=		[]
   # parity bit counter
   __lowercase			=		0
   # counter position of data bits
   __lowercase			=		0

   for x in range(1,    size_par + len(__snake_case) + 1):
      # Performs a template of bit positions - who should be given,
      # and who should be parity
      if qtd_bp < size_par:
         if (np.log(__snake_case) / np.log(2)).is_integer():
            data_out_gab.append("P")
            __lowercase			=		qtd_bp + 1
         else:
            data_out_gab.append("D")
      else:
         data_out_gab.append("D")

      # Sorts the data to the new output size
      if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
         data_ord.append(data[cont_data])
         cont_data += 1
      else:
         data_ord.append(__snake_case)

      # Calculates parity
   __lowercase			=		0  # parity bit counter
   for bp in range(1,    size_par + 1):
      # Bit counter one for a given parity
      __lowercase			=		0
      # counter to control the loop reading
      __lowercase			=		0
      for x in data_ord:
         if x is not None:
            try:
               __lowercase			=		(bin_pos[cont_loop])[-1 * (bp)]
            except IndexError:
               __lowercase			=		"0"
            if aux == "1" and x == "1":
               cont_bo += 1
         cont_loop += 1
      parity.append(cont_bo % 2)

      qtd_bp += 1

   # Mount the message
   __lowercase			=		0  # parity bit counter
   for x in range(0,    size_par + len(__snake_case)):
      if data_ord[x] is None:
         data_out.append(str(parity[cont_bp]))
         cont_bp += 1
      else:
         data_out.append(data_ord[x])

   return data_out




def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : Any,    UpperCamelCase_  : Tuple)			->		Optional[int]:
   '''simple docstring'''


   __lowercase			=		[]
   # Parity bit counter
   __lowercase			=		0
   # Counter p data bit reading
   __lowercase			=		0
   # list of parity received
   __lowercase			=		[]
   __lowercase			=		[]

   for x in range(1,    len(__snake_case) + 1):
      # Performs a template of bit positions - who should be given,
      #  and who should be parity
      if qtd_bp < size_par and (np.log(__snake_case) / np.log(2)).is_integer():
         data_out_gab.append("P")
         __lowercase			=		qtd_bp + 1
      else:
         data_out_gab.append("D")

      # Sorts the data to the new output size
      if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
         data_output.append(data[cont_data])
      else:
         parity_received.append(data[cont_data])
      cont_data += 1

   # -----------calculates the parity with the data
   __lowercase			=		[]
   __lowercase			=		[]
   __lowercase			=		[bin(__snake_case)[2:] for x in range(1,    size_par + len(__snake_case) + 1)]

   #  sorted information data for the size of the output data
   __lowercase			=		[]
   # Data position feedback + parity
   __lowercase			=		[]
   # Parity bit counter
   __lowercase			=		0
   # Counter p data bit reading
   __lowercase			=		0

   for x in range(1,    size_par + len(__snake_case) + 1):
      # Performs a template position of bits - who should be given,
      # and who should be parity
      if qtd_bp < size_par and (np.log(__snake_case) / np.log(2)).is_integer():
         data_out_gab.append("P")
         __lowercase			=		qtd_bp + 1
      else:
         data_out_gab.append("D")

      # Sorts the data to the new output size
      if data_out_gab[-1] == "D":
         data_ord.append(data_output[cont_data])
         cont_data += 1
      else:
         data_ord.append(__snake_case)

      # Calculates parity
   __lowercase			=		0  # parity bit counter
   for bp in range(1,    size_par + 1):
      # Bit counter one for a certain parity
      __lowercase			=		0
      # Counter to control loop reading
      __lowercase			=		0
      for x in data_ord:
         if x is not None:
            try:
               __lowercase			=		(bin_pos[cont_loop])[-1 * (bp)]
            except IndexError:
               __lowercase			=		"0"
            if aux == "1" and x == "1":
               cont_bo += 1
         cont_loop += 1
      parity.append(str(cont_bo % 2))

      qtd_bp += 1

   # Mount the message
   __lowercase			=		0  # Parity bit counter
   for x in range(0,    size_par + len(__snake_case)):
      if data_ord[x] is None:
         data_out.append(str(parity[cont_bp]))
         cont_bp += 1
      else:
         data_out.append(data_ord[x])

   __lowercase			=		parity_received == parity
   return data_output, ack







"""simple docstring"""





def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : list,    UpperCamelCase_  : list,    UpperCamelCase_  : list,    UpperCamelCase_  : int,    UpperCamelCase_  : int)			->		None:
   '''simple docstring'''


   if target == 0:
      answer.append(path.copy())
   else:
      for index in range(UpperCamelCase_,    len(UpperCamelCase_)):
         if target >= candidates[index]:
            path.append(candidates[index])
            backtrack(UpperCamelCase_,    UpperCamelCase_,    UpperCamelCase_,    target - candidates[index],    UpperCamelCase_)
            path.pop(len(UpperCamelCase_) - 1)




def 						_A						(						UpperCamelCase_  : list,    UpperCamelCase_  : int)			->		list:
   '''simple docstring'''


   __lowercase			=		[]  # type: list[int]
   __lowercase			=		[]  # type: list[int]
   backtrack(UpperCamelCase_,    UpperCamelCase_,    UpperCamelCase_,    UpperCamelCase_,    0)
   return answer




def 						_A						(						)			->		None:
   '''simple docstring'''


   print(combination_sum([-8, 2.3, 0],    1))


if __name__ == "__main__":
   import doctest

   doctest.testmod()
   main()




