






import numpy as np
import qiskit




def   lowercase__   (  __snake_case					:							List[str]  , __snake_case					:							Union[str, Any]						):


					'''simple docstring'''


					UpperCAmelCase_					:   List[Any]   =		qiskit.QuantumCircuit(num_qubits + 1						)

					# First, let's deal with the case in which oracle is balanced
					if case == "balanced":
										# First generate a random number that tells us which CNOTs to
										# wrap in X-gates:
										UpperCAmelCase_					:   Any   =		np.random.randint(1  , 2**num_qubits						)
										# Next, format 'b' as a binary string of length 'n', padded with zeros:
										UpperCAmelCase_					:   Tuple   =		format(lowerCAmelCase__  , F"0{num_qubits}b"						)
										# Next, we place the first X-gates. Each digit in our binary string
										# corresponds to a qubit, if the digit is 0, we do nothing, if it's 1
										# we apply an X-gate to that qubit:
										for index, bit in enumerate(lowerCAmelCase__						):
															if bit == "1":
																				oracle_qc.x(lowerCAmelCase__						)
        # Do the controlled-NOT gates for each qubit, using the output qubit
        # as the target:
										for index in range(lowerCAmelCase__						):
															oracle_qc.cx(lowerCAmelCase__  , lowerCAmelCase__						)
										# Next, place the final X-gates
										for index, bit in enumerate(lowerCAmelCase__						):
															if bit == "1":
																				oracle_qc.x(lowerCAmelCase__						)

    # Case in which oracle is constant
					if case == "constant":
										# First decide what the fixed output of the oracle will be
										# (either always 0 or always 1)
										UpperCAmelCase_					:   Dict   =		np.random.randint(2						)
										if output == 1:
															oracle_qc.x(lowerCAmelCase__						)

					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Optional[int]   =		oracle_qc.to_gate()
					UpperCAmelCase_					:   str   =		'Oracle'  # To show when we display the circuit
					return oracle_gate




def   lowercase__   (  __snake_case					:							Tuple  , __snake_case					:							Optional[int]						):


					'''simple docstring'''


					UpperCAmelCase_					:   int   =		qiskit.QuantumCircuit(num_qubits + 1  , lowerCAmelCase__						)
					# Set up the output qubit:
					dj_circuit.x(lowerCAmelCase__						)
					dj_circuit.h(lowerCAmelCase__						)
					# And set up the input register:
					for qubit in range(lowerCAmelCase__						):
										dj_circuit.h(lowerCAmelCase__						)
					# Let's append the oracle gate to our circuit:
					dj_circuit.append(lowerCAmelCase__  , range(num_qubits + 1						)						)
					# Finally, perform the H-gates again and measure:
					for qubit in range(lowerCAmelCase__						):
										dj_circuit.h(lowerCAmelCase__						)

					for i in range(lowerCAmelCase__						):
										dj_circuit.measure(lowerCAmelCase__  , lowerCAmelCase__						)

					return dj_circuit




def   lowercase__   (  __snake_case					:							List[Any]  , __snake_case					:							int						):


					'''simple docstring'''


					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Any   =		qiskit.Aer.get_backend('aer_simulator'						)

					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Dict   =		dj_oracle(lowerCAmelCase__  , lowerCAmelCase__						)
					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Optional[int]   =		dj_algorithm(lowerCAmelCase__  , lowerCAmelCase__						)

					# Execute the circuit on the simulator
					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Any   =		qiskit.execute(lowerCAmelCase__  , lowerCAmelCase__  , shots=1_000						)

					# Return the histogram data of the results of the experiment.
					return job.result().get_counts(lowerCAmelCase__						)


if __name__ == "__main__":
						print(F'Deutsch Jozsa - Constant Oracle: {deutsch_jozsa("constant", 3)}')
						print(F'Deutsch Jozsa - Balanced Oracle: {deutsch_jozsa("balanced", 3)}')














from __future__ import annotations



class 						lowerCamelCase   :







		'''simple docstring'''



		def __init__(							self       ,	_UpperCamelCase = 0     )			->							None:
							UpperCAmelCase_					:   int   =		value
							UpperCAmelCase_					:   Node | None   =		None
							UpperCAmelCase_					:   Node | None   =		None





def   lowercase__   (  __snake_case					:							Node | None  , __snake_case					:							Node | None						):


					'''simple docstring'''


					if treea is None:
										return treea
					if treea is None:
										return treea

					UpperCAmelCase_					:   List[Any]   =		treea.value + treea.value
					UpperCAmelCase_					:   Dict   =		merge_two_binary_trees(treea.left  , treea.left						)
					UpperCAmelCase_					:   str   =		merge_two_binary_trees(treea.right  , treea.right						)
					return treea




def   lowercase__   (  __snake_case					:							Node | None						):


					'''simple docstring'''


					if root:
										print(root.value						)
										print_preorder(root.left						)
										print_preorder(root.right						)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(1)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(2)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(3)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(4)

		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(2)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(4)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(6)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(9)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		Node(5)

		print('Tree1 is: ')
		print_preorder(treea)
		print('Tree2 is: ')
		print_preorder(treea)
		__UpperCAmelCase										=		merge_two_binary_trees(treea, treea)
		print('Merged Tree is: ')
		print_preorder(merged_tree)






