How can one prove that a given quantum state is entangled? In this paper we review different methods that have been proposed for entanglement detection. We first explain the basic elements of entanglement theory for two or more particles and then entanglement verification procedures such as Bell inequalities, entanglement witnesses, the determination of nonlinear properties of a quantum state via measurements on several copies, and spin squeezing inequalities. An emphasis is given to the theory and application of entanglement witnesses. We also discuss several experiments, where some of the presented methods have been implemented.
- Pub Date:
- April 2009
- Quantum Physics;
- Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter;
- Physics - Optics
- review article, 90 pages, 22 figures. v2: more content, v3: small changes