Flashcards in The Endocrine System Deck (39):
What is the endocrine system?
Multiple organs, highly integrated, secrete hormones
What are the endocrine diseases?
Underproduction, overproduction, mass lesions
What is the hypothalamus?
Located in the brain, links CNS to endocrine
What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?
Anti-diuretic hormone and Oxytocin
Where is every other hormone secreted?
What does Oxytocin do?
What does ADH do?
Absorption of water from urine
What does Hyperpituitarism-related pituitary disease relate to?
Adenomas in anterior lobe, other causes cancer, hyperplasia
What does Hypopituitarism-related pituitary disease relate to?
Injury, surgey, radiation, inflammation
What are the two types of Pituitary Adenoma?
Functional - prolcactinoma
What syndrome does ACTH relate to?
What syndrome does Growth Hormone relate to?
What syndrome does Prolactin relate to?
Galactorrhea/Amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, infertility
What syndrome does TSH relate to?
What syndrome does FSH/LH relate to?
Hypogonadism, mass effects/hypopituirarism
What does Hypopituitarism occur with a loss of?
75% or more of the anterior pituitary parenchyma
What are the causes of Hypopituitarism?
Ischemic necrosis of the pituitary: Sheehans syndrome
What are the causes hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease, thyroxine, infective (De Quervain's thyroiditis)
Toxic (multinodular goite, adenoma)
What are the symptoms Hyperthyroidism?
Hot, bulging eyes, facial flushing, tachycardia, hypertension, breast enlargement, weight loss, muscle wasting, tremors, finger clubbing, diarrhoea, menstrual changes
What does Graves disease involve?
Proptosis - eye bulging
Why does Graves disease happen?
Unregulated over production of thyroid hormone
How do you manage Hyperthyroidism?
Tests, treat the cause, Carbimazole/Propylthiouracil, radioiodine, thyroidectomy
What is Goitre?
Swelling of thyroid gland
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
Women > men
45 - 60 years old
What is the management of Hypothyroidism?
What is the most common type of Thyroid cancer and is it common?
Papillary carcinoma and uncommon
What Papillary thyroid cancer functional or non-functional?
What are the Parathyroid gland?
2 pairs of Parathyroid gland
What are the causes of Hypoparathyrodism?
Removal of surgery, congenital, hereditary
What are the symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism?
Irritability, tetany, seizures
What are symptoms of Hyperparathyroidism?
Constipation, depression, seizures, muscle wasting, polyuria, bone fractures, kidney stones
What is Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
What is Secondary Hyperaldosteronsim?
What are the symptoms of Conn's Disease?
Oedema, hypertension, high sodium, low potassium
Why is Cotisol important?
Essential to life, regulates blood sugar, inhibits inflammation, stress response
What are the two reasons for Cushing's Syndrome?
ACTH releasing tumour, steroids
What are the three causes for Addisons disease?
Autoimmune, infection, neoplasms
What are the symptoms of Addisons disease?
GI symptoms, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, low sodium, high potassium