Key Classes and Methods
Ehcache consists of a
CacheManager, which manages caches. Caches contain Elements,
which are essentially name value pairs. Caches are physically implemented, either in-memory or on disk. The logical representations of these components are actualized mostly through the classes discussed below. The methods provided by these classes are largely responsible for providing programmatic access to working with Ehcache.
Creation of, access to, and removal of caches is controlled by the
CacheManager supports two creation modes: singleton and instance.
Versions of Ehcache before version 2.5 allowed any number of CacheManagers with the same name (same configuration resource) to exist in a JVM. Therefore, each time
new CacheManager(...) was called, a new CacheManager was created without regard to existing CacheManagers. Calling
CacheManager.create(...) returned the existing singleton CacheManager with the configured name (if it existed) or created the singleton based on the passed-in configuration.
Ehcache 2.5 and higher does not allow multiple CacheManagers with the same name to exist in the same JVM.
CacheManager() constructors creating non-Singleton CacheManagers can violate this rule, causing a NullPointerException. If your code may create multiple CacheManagers of the same name in the same JVM, avoid this error by using the static
CacheManager.create() methods, which always return the named (or default unnamed) CacheManager if it already exists in that JVM. If the named (or default unnamed) CacheManager does not exist, the
CacheManager.create() methods create it.
NOTE: In Ehcache 2.5.0/2.5.1
Cachemanager.create(...) gets or creates the CacheManager regardless of whether it is a singleton or not. In Ehcache 2.5.2, calling
CacheManager.create(...) returns the existing singleton CacheManager with the configured name (if it exists) or creates the singleton based on the passed-in configuration.
Ehcache 2.5.2 introduced the
CacheManager.newInstance(...) method, which parses the passed-in configuration to either get the existing named CacheManager or create that CacheManager if it doesn’t exist.
With Ehcache 2.5.2 and higher, the behavior of the CacheManager creation methods is as follows:
CacheManager.newInstance(Configuration configuration)– Create a new CacheManager or return the existing one named in the configuration.
CacheManager.create()– Create a new singleton CacheManager with default configuration, or return the existing singleton. This is the same as
CacheManager.create(Configuration configuration)– Create a singleton CacheManager with the passed-in configuration, or return the existing singleton.
new CacheManager(Configuration configuration)– Create a new CacheManager, or throw an exception if the CacheManager named in the configuration already exists or if the parameter (configuration) is null.
Ehcache-1.1 supported only one
CacheManager instance which was a singleton. CacheManager can still be used in this way using the static factory methods.
From ehcache-1.2, CacheManager has constructors which mirror the various static create methods. This enables multiple CacheManagers to be created and used concurrently. Each CacheManager requires its own configuration.
If the Caches under management use only the MemoryStore, there are no special considerations. If Caches use the DiskStore, the diskStore path specified in each CacheManager configuration should be unique. When a new CacheManager is created, a check is made that there are no other CacheManagers using the same diskStore path. If there are, a CacheException is thrown. If a CacheManager is part of a cluster, there will also be listener ports which must be unique.
Mixed Singleton and Instance Mode
If an application creates instances of CacheManager using a constructor, and also calls a static create method, there will exist a singleton instance of CacheManager which will be returned each time the create method is called together with any other instances created via constructor. The two types will coexist peacefully.
All caches implement the
Ehcache interface. A cache has a name and attributes. Each cache contains Elements.
A Cache in Ehcache is analogous to a cache region in other caching systems.
Cache elements are stored in the
MemoryStore. Optionally they also overflow to a
An element is an atomic entry in a cache. It has a key, a value and a record of accesses. Elements are put into and removed from caches. They can also expire and be removed by the Cache, depending on the Cache settings.
As of ehcache-1.2 there is an API for Objects in addition to the one for Serializable. Non-serializable Objects can use all parts of Ehcache except for DiskStore and replication. If an attempt is made to persist or replicate them they are discarded without error and with a DEBUG level log message.
The APIs are identical except for the return methods from Element. Two new methods on Element: getObjectValue and getKeyValue are the only API differences between the Serializable and Object APIs. This makes it very easy to start with caching Objects and then change your Objects to Seralizable to participate in the extra features when needed. Also a large number of Java classes are simply not Serializable.