Terrapin (amphibious vehicle)
|A large, open-topped, eight-wheeled vehicle emerges from a body of water and is climbing up the bank and onto land; two men are on board it.
A Terrapin Mark 1 under test (October 1944)
|Type||Armoured personnel carrier|
|Place of origin||United Kingdom|
|Produced||1943–1944 (Mark I)|
|Weight||7 tonnes (6.9 long tons)|
|Length||7.01 m (23 ft 0 in)|
|Width||2.67 m (8 ft 9 in)|
|Height||2.92 m (9 ft 7 in)|
|Engine||2 x Ford V8
190 horsepower (140 kW) in total
5 mph (8.0 km/h) in water
Due to a shortage of US-manufactured DUKWs, the British Ministry of Supply commissioned Thornycroft to design an amphibious vehicle capable of ferrying supplies and troops from ship to shore for the D-Day landings.
A Mark 2 Terrapin with a number of improvements reached the prototype stage, but the war ended before it entered production.
The Terrapin was powered by two Ford V8 engines mounted side-by-side with each motor driving the wheels on one side. Wheel braking was used to steer, the brakes being operated by levers.
On a level surface, the vehicle was supported on the four middle wheels, the front and rear wheels remaining clear of the surface (the front pair being raised significantly, the rear pair only slightly). The front and rear wheels provided support and traction on soft surfaces and when climbing slopes such as riverbanks. When driven in the water it was propelled by two rear-mounted propellers.
Despite success in its first military action, the Terrapin was not an overall successful design and had many significant defects, which were never overcome in service.
Due to the large diameter tyres, the Terrapin was a relatively high vehicle and, although open-topped, it was difficult to enter and exit. Any soldier attempting to exit over the side faced both prolonged exposure to enemy fire as well as possible injury from the fall.
Like the Medium Mark A Whippet tank of the First World War, the Terrapin had separate engines driving each side of the vehicle with skid steering. This arrangement was awkward on the Whippet, and on the Terrapin as well. If one engine broke down the Terrapin tended to swing around violently.
The two centrally located engines split the cargo compartment in two and, though rated as a 4-ton vehicle, this prevented large loads such as heavy artillery or vehicles from being carried. In addition, the driver had poor visibility as he was centrally located inside the middle of the vehicle. This was compounded by the installation of a canvas cover over the forward hold. As a result another crew member typically had to stand behind the driver and provide directions.
In use, the vehicle was found to be rather slow, and was easily swamped in rough seas. The specification had limited the length to 23 feet (7.0 m) and this made its seagoing characteristics inferior to the American DUKW.
These failings quickly led to the abandonment of the design in favour of the development of the Mark 2, but the growing availability of large numbers of the much more successful DUKW made further development unnecessary.
This was similar to the Mark 1, but had a forward driving position. It was a much longer vehicle, being 31 feet (9.4 m) long compared with the 23 feet (7.0 m) length of the Mark I.
Only five of these 5-ton capacity vehicles were built.
During the operations against Walcheren, Terrapins and Buffalo transports carried the 9th Canadian Infantry Brigade in what was intended to be a diversionary attack across a mile wide inlet on 9 October 1944. A sufficiently large bridgehead was made that the attack became the main attempt and the German defences were turned.
Kevin Wheatcroft, owner of The Wheatcroft Collection in Great Britain, is known as being the owner of an unrestored Terrapin Mk1. John Belfield, a collector in Australia, also owns a Terrapin wreck, which still carries the original Australian Registration Number (ARN) 149391.
- Brissette, Richard and Bannerman, Mark: "The Terrapin", Military Modelling Magazine, 29 Feb 2008, page 60.
- The Amphibious Jeep, Aqua Cheetah, DUKW, Terrapin (Part 1). Directorate of Army Kinematography. 1943. Event occurs at 4.25.
- Ware, P World War II Military Vehicles – Transport & Halftracks p155
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Terrapin amphibious truck.|
- The Clearing of the Scheldt Estuary and the Liberation of Walcheren, UK Veterans Agency
- Imperial War Museum: THE AMPHIBIOUS JEEP, AQUACHEETAH, DUKW, TERRAPIN (PART 1) 1943 movie showing various amphibious vehicles (including the Terrapin) under test; Imperial War Museum Collections
- World War II 60th Anniversary: The Clearing of the Scheldt Estuary and the Liberation of Walcheren 2 October – 7 November 1944
- (Italian) Veicolo anfibio Terrapin