ADVANTAGES TO USING BMI-FOR-AGE AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR OBESITY, OVERWEIGHT, AND UNDERWEIGHT
There are several advantages to using BMI-for-age to screen for obesity, overweight, and underweight among children and teens.
BMI-for-age is the only indicator that allows us to plot a measure of weight and height, also referred to as stature, with age on the same chart. The BMI-for-age percentile ranking indicates the relative position of the child’s BMI number among children of the same sex and age from the reference population. Age and stage of sexual maturity are associated with body fatness (Kaplowitz, 2008;
Daniels et al., 1997).
BMI-for-age is the measure that can be used continuously from age 2 to 20 years to screen for obesity, overweight, or underweight.
BMI-for-age is not recommended for use in the United States before 2
years of age to screen for overweight, obesity, or underweight. For
children younger than 2 years of age, BMI normative values are not
available in the United States (Barlow, 2007), and BMI values at young ages have a weak association with adolescent or adult obesity (Whitaker et al., 1997;
Guo et al., 1994).
For children younger than 2 years old, the CDC recommends using the WHO growth charts to monitor growth (Grummer-Strawn, 2010). Plot weight-for-length values over time to monitor growth, and screen for high or low weight relative to length (Barlow, 2007).
BMI can be used to track body size throughout the life cycle. (Among children and teens, BMI for age and sex is used, and among adults, BMI is used). This is important because BMI-for-age in childhood is a determinant of adulthood BMI (Freedman and Sherry, 2009).
Read More About Tracking BMI-for-Age from
Childhood and Adolescence to BMI in Adulthood
- BMI-for-age relates to health risks.
BMI-for-age correlates with clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including high cholesterol and high blood pressure (Reilly et al. 2003). Freedman and colleagues used data from the Bogalusa Heart Study and found that approximately 70% of children who were obese had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and 39% had two or more risk factors (Freedman et al., 2007).
- BMI-for-age during pubescence is related to
lipoprotein levels and blood pressure in middle age (Berenson GS, 1998;
Must et al., 1992).