One of the most common gynecological problems that women face are fungal vaginal infections. It is estimated that about 75% of the female population at a certain time of life will face this disease. It is infection of the vagina and the vulva caused by fungi. The most common cause is Candida albicans (in more than 90% of cases).
WHY IT APPEARS AND WHAT ARE RISK FACTORS?
Physiologically, a number of microorganisms headed by Lactobacillus make up the normal vaginal microflora. These microorganisms maintain the pH level of the vagina from 3.8 to 4.2, which prevents the development of pathogenic microorganisms. If the normal balance of the vaginal microflora is disturbed, vaginal infection may occur (vaginitis). If there is abnormal increase in the number of fungi in the microflora disturbance, there is a fungal vaginitis (infection of vagina caused by fungi).
The major risk factors for the occurrence of fungal vaginal infection (FVI) are:
- Long-term use of antibiotics. Long-term use of antibiotics may lead to a disturbance in the balance of the microflora in the vagina and a decrease in Lactobacillus levels, thereby increasing the risk of FVI.
- Diabetes. It is thought that in people suffering from diabetes, and who are not receiving adequate therapy, due to an elevated blood sugar level, a fungal infection may occur.
- Increased estrogen levels. Part of the studies confirm that there is an increased incidence of FI in women who have an elevated estrogen level (during pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, etc.).
- Immunity is low. Reduced immunity also allows the development of fungal infections. People with malignant diseases who receive appropriate therapy have a particularly high risk.
- Sexual activity with frequent change of partners. The transmission of fungal infection among sexual partners is possible. Therefore, practicing protective sexual intercourse is advised.
- Use of cosmetics that may impair the balance of the vaginal microflora. Inappropriate gels for intimate care, intrauterine contraceptives and inadequate lubricants may impair the vaginal balance.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS AND THE SIGNS?
In a fungal infection of the vagina, the clinical picture may include:
- Dense, white vaginal discharge;
- Itching of the vagina;
- Pain in the vagina;
- Redness and swelling of the vulva;
- Pain during urination;
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
Fungal infection may also occur in men. In such a case, the symptomatology includes:
- Itching on the head of the penis;
- Burning the head of the penis;
- Redness and irritation of the head of the penis;
- Pain during urination.
If you notice any of these symptoms and signs, consult your doctor.
The clinical picture of fungal vaginal infection is similar to other genital diseases, so it is necessary, in addition to the physical examination, to carry out further investigations. A sample of the vaginal secretion seen under a microscope is usually taken in order to determine if there is an abnormal number of candidiasis. Planting culture can not always give a definitive diagnosis because the candida is a normal resident in the human organism and fake results can be obtained.
There are several therapeutic options for treating fungal vaginal infection. Local or oral therapy may be used, specific for treating infections caused by fungi (antimycotic agents). One of the most effective oral preparations for combating this disease is Fluconazole, and local preparations are commonly used for Clotrimasole, Terconazole, Miconazole, Nystatin and others.
Attention! Oral medications can cause a variety of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, etc.
WHAT IF THE TREATMENT IS NOT SUCCESSFUL?
In certain cases, despite appropriately prescribed therapy, symptoms and signs are still present. If you have the same problems after 7-14 days despite following the advice of your gynecologist, it is usually a sign that the treatment is not successful. There are several reasons for this outcome. In many cases, this is due to inadequate diagnosis and instead of fungal, it can be a bacterial vaginosis, which causes similar symptomatology.
WHAT IF THE INFECTION APPEARS TO OFTEN?
If a woman’s fungal vaginal infection repeats 4 or more times within a year, it is a recurrent infection. In that case, further trials are needed, as recurrent infection may result from reduced immunity or a sign of the presence of another disease. When repeating FVI, it is usually advised prolonged treatment with oral or local medication, or a combination thereof. The best remedy is prevention.
However, we recommend you some home remedies for treating and preventing this infection. These are a few home remedies that will calm the situation. If you do not notice a change after administration of these treatments, contact your gynecologist.
Some studies suggest that everyday drinking of yogurt with other food or taking one tablet with Lactobacillus acidophilus helps prevent the onset of candida, although it is not yet known exactly how the probiotics act against fungal infections.
Oregano oil has an antifungal and antimicrobial effect that helps reduce the growth of fungus that causes candida. It is recommended to tincture a glass of water with three drops of oil per day.
Apple cider vinegar
Sitting in a warm bath in which you added half a cup of apple cider vinegar can help eliminate bacteria. Relax in the tub, not in the jacuzzi and the water should be lukewarm to warm, not boiling.
Tip: If you notice symptoms of candida, reduce the intake of unrefined sugars and, if possible, completely disconnect them from the diet as you experience this problem.