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IntroductionThe knee is actually comprised of two joints – the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint. Withoutthe patellofemoral joint, the muscles would not have enough mechanical advantage to effectively extendor control flexion of the tibiofemoral joint. For the purposes of this laboratory, the term “knee” will referto the tibiofemoral joint. The tibiofemoral joint is commonly considered to be a hinge joint. True hingejoints, however, are uniaxial joints and will operate in only one plane of motion. This is not true for theknee. In fact, the tibiofemoral joint allows tibial rotation in addition to the flexion and extension exhibitedby true hinge joints. This special feature of the knee can happen only when the knee is “unlocked,” and ismost apparent with the knee positioned at about 90 degrees of flexion. The complexity of the knee doesnot end there – add to it the patellofemoral joint, femur anteversion, Q-angle, valgus or varus, and one canbegin to see how calling the knee a hinge joint is a gross oversimplification. Therefore, we will refer tothe knee as a “modified hinge.”Objectives1.Understand the musculoskeletal components associated with the knee joint, and their associatedfunctions.2.Understand the implications of structural qualities and joint usage on joint range of motion andjoint stability.3.Demonstrate the ability to assess properly the range of motion of the knee.4.Demonstrate the ability to perform manual muscle tests involving the knee.5.Correctly analyze exercises/movements of the knee.Materials1.Range of Motion Technique Manual(on Canvas)2.Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and PainTextbook3.Goniometer set (in-lab)MethodsBefore the Lab:1)Readinga.Range of Motion Technique Manual(introduction & applicable measurements)b.Kendall: Pages 418-421c.Floyd: Skim chapter 9