Reservoir Souring Modeling
Reservoir souring is a process in which a previously “sweet” reservoir starts to produce “sour” fluids. Reservoir souring typically occurs in reservoirs flooded by water for pressure maintenance or secondary recovery, as a result of the introduction of sulfate-rich injection water containing sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRPs) into nutrient-rich formation water. SRPs-caused sulfate reduction is not the only source of H2S in petroleum reservoirs. Thermochemical reduction of sulfate to sulfide by hydrocarbons in reservoirs close to anhydride, heat/rock interaction, thermal decomposition of organic sulfur compounds present in crude oil, dissolution of pyritic material and redox reactions involving oxygen scavenging bisulfate are also contributors of sulfidogenesis.
Corrosion risk for pipelines and high-pressure storage tanks
Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC)
HSE (Health, Safety and Environment) concerns
OPEX (Operational Expenditures/Expenses)
CAPEX (Capital Expenditures/Expenses)
Disposal of Large Amounts of Toxic-Spent H2S Scavenger
Devaluation of Oil & Gas
Fluid Characterization: On-site Fluid Analysis + Laboratory Testing using data gathered from on-site fluid analysis and laboratory testing
Forecast Studies of Field Over the Life
2D/3D Software Modelling Simulations: Effective and accurate prediction of biogenic reservoir souring potential using comprehensive computer-based modeling tools is essential when undertaking major techno-economic decisions regarding field development and material selection. We use comprehensive 2D and 3D souring modeling tools that incorporate all factors.
Predictive Souring Modelling: Our comprehensive predictive souring modeling capability enables customers to plan process equipment requirements and production operations at the start-up stage of a green-field as well as helping control/limit reservoir souring in brown-field developments. In many producing assets, effective monitoring of the produced fluids, as well as onward quick reaction of the on-site operation teams, are important to detect the onset of any potential H2S production and help set up specific follow-on management programs to that field in order to prevent further escalation of the souring threat.
Implications for Reservoir and Facilities
Souring Mitigation Strategies
Measuring Treatment Efficiency
Training and Awareness
The Chemical Distribution & Consultancy Company
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