Every year, thousands of people die from exposure to the cold across the United States. But there are far more of these cold-related deaths in rural counties in the West than there are in other areas of the country, a new study finds.
About 5,800 people died from exposure to cold from 2010 to 2013, according to the study, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which was published online March 12 in the British Medical Journal.
"With all of our resources, we will have elderly people or very young babies who are still simply dying because the weather is cold, which is completely preventable," said Dr. Susi Vassallo, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the New York University School of Medicine, who was not involved with the study.
After adjusting for age, the CDC researchers found that the cold-related death rate in rural western areas was 20.5 deaths per 1 million people. (Western states include those along or west of the Rocky Mountains.) The mountain states had a higher rate of cold-related deaths than the coastal states, with the highest rates in rural Arizona and New Mexico, the researchers found. [Top 10 Leading Causes of Death]
For comparison, the death rate in other nonmetropolitan areas of the country ranged from 4.5 to 7.8 deaths per 1 million people. The cold-related death rates in the nation's metropolitan areas were even lower, ranging from 2.9 to 5.0 deaths per million, the study found.
It's unclear exactly why areas in the West have a higher rate of cold-related deaths. Studies suggest that people have an increased risk of dying from the cold if they live in places with rapid temperature shifts, large shifts in nighttime temperatures or high elevation, according to a 2014 CDC report, and all of these occur in regions such as the Rocky Mountains.
Furthermore, weather-related deaths — including those from storms, lightning and floods — are two to seven times higher in low-income counties than in high-income counties, the 2014 study found. Many of the rural counties in the American West have high rates of poverty.
The groups at greatest risk of cold-related deaths include the elderly, infants, men, African Americans and people with pre-existing chronic medical conditions, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, that 2014 report also found.
Vassallo noted that the new report did not distinguish among people who had died from outdoor accidents, such as mountaineers who lose their way, and those who died while living on the streets or enduring other hardships, such poverty.
But still, she said, people who are elderly or who have low levels of income may not turn on heat in the winter, so they can save money. And people in rural areas are usually located far from caring neighbors and medical and social services that can help people in need, she said.
Unless these services expand and improve, these cold-weather deaths will likely continue, she said. Since the 1950s, North American winter temperatures have grown milder, but the country has also seen an increase in storm frequency and intensity during the fall and winter, according to the 2014 U.S. National Climate Assessment. Extremely low temperatures are not uncommon during these times, the assessment found.
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