Victoria, city, seat (1836) of Victoria county, southern Texas, U.S. It lies along the Guadalupe River, some 85 miles (135 km) northeast of Corpus Christi. Founded in 1824 by Spanish settlers under Martín de León, it was named to honour both Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Jesus Victoria (Our Lady of Guadalupe) and Guadalupe Victoria, the first Mexican president. Actively involved in the Texas Revolution, it was incorporated in 1839 as a city in the Republic of Texas. Many of its residents died during a cholera epidemic in 1846, an event commemorated by the city’s Memorial Square. Victoria later developed as a cattle centre and became a rendezvous for trail drivers moving northward.
Since the 1940s Victoria has become a hub for oil, gas, and petrochemical production of the Texas Gulf Coast. The city’s industrial growth was stimulated by completion (1963) of the roughly 35-mile- (55-km-) long Victoria Barge Canal to the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. Manufacturing and tourism are also important. Academic institutions in the city include Victoria (community) College (1925) and the University of Houston at Victoria (1973). Notable cultural attractions are the fine-arts Nave Museum and the Texas Zoo, which is devoted to native Texas species. Fannin Battleground State Historic Site and Goliad State Historical Park are located southwest of the city. Pop. (2000) 60,603; Victoria Metro Area, 111,663; (2010) 62,592; Victoria Metro Area, 115,384.