Rumelia or Rumeli (Turkish: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Greek" [formerly "Roman"] and El: "Land); Ρούμελη, Roúmeli; Румелия, Rumeliya) is a Turkish name, used from the 15th century onwards, for the southern Balkan regions of the Ottoman Empire. "Rumeli" literally translates as "land of the Romans", in reference to the Byzantine Empire, the former dominant power in the area. During the 11th and 12th centuries it was widely used for Anatolia while it was gradually being conquered from the Byzantines.
Rumelia included the ancient provinces of Constantinople, Thessaloniki, Thrace, Macedonia and Moesia, today's central Greece and European Turkey, bounded to the north by Danube, west by Albania and south by the Morea. The name Rumelia was ultimately applied to a province composed of central Albania and north-western Macedonia, with Bitola for its chief town.
Owing to administrative changes effected between 1870 and 1875, the name ceased to correspond to any political division. Eastern Rumelia was constituted as an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin, 1878, but on September 6, 1885, after a bloodless revolution, it was united with Bulgaria.
Today, in Turkey, the word Trakya has mostly replaced Rumelia when referring to the part of Turkey which is in Europe (provinces of Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, and the western part of Istanbul Province, though Rumelia remains in use in historical contexts. This region in Turkey is also referred to as Eastern Thrace or Turkish Thrace. In Greece, the term Ρούμελη (Rumeli) has been used since Ottoman times to refer to Central Greece, especially when juxtaposed with Morea.
In 1382 the capital of Rumelia was moved to Sofia.