The start of a new academic year had materialized, and I decided to start it off right. I asked myself “What is something that will make a big positive impact in my class right away?” The answer came quicker than I thought it would. “The students need to memorize fundamental classroom survival information”. I consider “fundamental classroom survival information” things that will promote independence and free the child to focus on deeper concepts. In my class, this includes computer passwords, procedures for accessing websites, important personal information, math facts, and key academic/ high-frequency words.
In the current education arena, memorization is often shunned when it comes to any type of academic content. Most would agree with the required memorization of all but the last two items on my list. Memorization of math facts and vocabulary easily equates to the dreaded phrase “drill-n-kill”. Yet, I argue that memorization has been undervalued in our current classrooms due to a misunderstanding of its place and how it should be used.
I would love for all of my students to have the opportunity to naturally take in information in a manner that supports their natural curiosity and development. I would be naïve to believe that this is always the case. According to the Montessori philosophy, children have a natural developmental plane that includes a sensitive period for absorption up to about age 6 or 7. During this time, it is relatively easy for a child to take in whatever is provided to her by the environment. For example, think of small children living in multi-lingual communities that can speak all of them!
After that age, there is a shift as this period for absorption closes. The child is ready to use and apply the information gained as he enters the elementary classroom. This is a wonderful time for learning, discovery, and experimentation. Yet, the natural ease for absorption is no longer available in most children after age 6. Direct effort must be employed to help the child internalize new data. This is evident in the need for high impact, engaging learning experiences for the elementary child when the primary child is just as satisfied by simple observation and repetition.
Although this is something that I can accept, Common Core standards cannot. By 3rd grade, there are sophisticated multistep learning expectations that require the child’s full attention. Many times in math, I saw students master the process and understand the algorithm but fail because of computation skills. Or students struggle through the process, then give up when time to compute due to fatigue. Knowing math facts at the level of automaticity would have benefited the students in both of these situations.
Then there is language and the ability to communicate thoughts clearly. Simply stated, correctly spelling high-frequency words will have a direct positive impact on written and verbal communication. For example, I had a student that consistently spelled a word wrong. Upon investigation, I learned the child habitually spelling it the way she pronounced it. Once she learned the correct spelling (which she had to memorize), she self-corrected her pronunciation.
Lastly, it must be stated that there is value in the memorization of poetry, plays, essays, and any other information of cultural value. The ability to hold information in the mind independent of external stimulation aides in the development of the capacities of the child overall. It provides him with on-demand stimuli to meditate upon. Also, it is free.
Some memorization techniques that I have seen success with:
- Chants and Songs
- Short class plays and skits (no papers to read from after day three, invite parents, principals, and peers to the performance)
- Jump rope while reciting
- Perform the piece as a different character (i.e. an elderly person, a baby, a princess)
- Learn the piece with a peer and each says one word until complete
- The spelling game Sparkle (https://www.superteacherideas.com/spelling6-sparkleA.html)
- Engage the family
- Hand clapping while reciting
- Play basketball (get a correct answer, take a shot)
- Involve students in learning goals (they like to see themselves improving)
- Have community discussion on the values of memorization of certain information as an aid to learning more complex skills (memorization is not an end but a means to an end)
- Random review, spot checks, and repetition
Montessori 4 Planes of Development: https://www.childoftheredwoods.com/articles/four-planes-development-admiration-childhood
Montessori Sensitive Periods: https://www.montessoritrainingusa.com/sites/montessoritrainingusa.com/files/Six%20Sensitive%20Periods.pdf
Opinion: Memorize That Poem (NYTimes) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/26/opinion/sunday/memorize-poems-poetry-education.html
The Case for Memorization (EdWeek)