17 The Plant RootsThe function of the plant’s roots are to absorb nutrients and water from the soil and to anchor the plant.The root system can makeup 50% of a plants weight.
18 There are two types of root systems soilless roots which include aerial (ivy), and aquatic(water lily).Soilborne roots are classified into tap and fibrous roots.
19 Tap roots are those roots which have a long main root such as a carrot or pine tree. Fibrous roots spread out such as grass
20 Parts of the RootAt the tip is the roots cap, where cell division occurs and it pushes down into the soil.Root hairs are used to help take in nutrients
21 The Plant StemThe major function of the stem is to join the root and leaf systems.Some photosynthesis also takes place in the stem.
22 Parts of the StemNode- jointed part of the stem on which leaf or flower buds developInternode- major part of the stem between the nodes.
23 Axillary Bud- bud found at the leaf axil from which flowers and branches arise. Terminal Bud- tip or end of the shoot were growth takes place.
24 Petiole- is a stem-like leaf structure that attaches the leaf to the stem
25 Woody StemsOuterbark- protects the interior of the plant from insects and diseases and excessive heat and cold.Innerbark- carries food manufactured in leaves to the branches, trunk, and roots
26 Cambium- layer of cells between the bark and wood where growth is diameter occur and the formation of annual rings.
27 Sapwood(xylem)- carries sap from the roots to the leaves Heartwood- is inactive sapwood which is darker in color and gives strength to the plant
28 Pith- is the dark center in the heartwood core.
29 LeavesLeaves are the food factory of the plant producing all food that is used by the plant and stored for later use by the plant or by an animal.Leaves vary in shape and size; with most of them being flatThe arrangement of the leaves differ alternate, opposite, whorled,
30 External Leaf Structures The petiole is the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stemThe blade which is the flat part of the leafThe midrib which is the large center vein from which all veins extendThe margins which are the edges of the leaf
31 Internal Leaf Structures The skin of the leaf is called the epidermis which is a single layer of cells. The epidermis provides protection from water loss.The guard cells open and close a small space or pore on the underside of the leaf called the stomaThe stoma allows the plant to transpire. This gives off moisture and exchange of gases.
32 In the inner part of the leaf are the chloroplast In the inner part of the leaf are the chloroplast. The chloroplast are filled with chlorophyll which give the leaf it’s green color.With the use of chlorophyll , minerals, sugars sunlight and carbon dioxide the plant goes through photosynthesis
33 The formula for photosynthesis is the following: 6CO2 + 6 H2O Kcals (light energy) = C6H12O6 (Glucose) + O2
34 FlowerThe purpose of the flower is the reproduction of the plant. This can be done through fruits and seed.The reason flowers are colorful is to attract insects for pollination
35 Parts of the FlowerThe sepals are the green leaflike part of the flower located at the base and are used to protect the flower bud.The petals are actually leaves and are the most striking part of the flowerThe stamen makes up the male reproductive part of the plant. This includes the anther which holds the pollen. The filament is the slender stalk that holds the anther
36 The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower. This includes the stigma which is sticky and catches the pollen, the style which is a long tube that carries to the ovary, the ovary is where the egg is produced.
37 A complete flower has both male and female parts An incomplete flower contains only one of the parts