Were Aborigines Australia's first 'squatters'?
An Indigenous family from the Western Division of New South Wales is on its way to finding out, and say they'll take the question to the High Court, if necessary. Murra Wurra Paakintji elder Dorothy Lawson says her grandparent's rights as "squatters" were over-looked when authorities built a water storage basin at Lake Victoria in 1922.
She and her son Philip are seeking damages from SA Water for the taking of their family's land and waters, and for pain and suffering due to desecration of the area - classed as one of the largest pre-industrial burial sites in the world.
If SA Water rejects the claim, the question will be contested in the courts.
The Lawson claim will contest, the first legally recognised squatter in Australia was a Mr Love.
Little is known about this man, or his case, but it was referred to in a land rights decision by the Canadian Supreme Court in 1974.
In the 1898 case "Attorney General for New South Wales versus Love", the Privy Council found he had squatted for the required 60 years on Crown 'wasteland' and in so doing, could not be evicted.
Earlier that century, an ambitious young lawyer who'd go on to head up the Pastoralists' Association in the Legislative Council - Charles Wentworth - unsuccessfully tried to argue "squatters rights".
His client - a Mr Steele - was refused his right of possessory title, because by 1839 he'd not squatted on the land for the required 60 years.
If Mrs Lawson's claim goes to court it will be the first time this law - known as Nullum Tempus - has been tested by an indigenous person, and only the second time since Mr Love in 1898.
In her mind, however, the idea of having the right to squat on her country is nothing new.
In 1981 she stood in front of a bulldozer threatening to knock her humpy down, and defeated an eviction notice served on her by the Wentworth Shire Council for squatting on Crown reserve.
Once again, detailed records of the case are difficult to find, but she remembers it clearly.
"When I came out of court, he kissed me on the forehead and said, 'Good.'.
"What is so good for having to have to fight for what you believe is right? You know, I didn't get a big head out of it. I wanted to take them on because it was so many times they that they knocked my little camp down," she says.
Claiming "squatters" rights, Mrs Lawson's case will by-pass the Native Title Act as it deals with ownership after 1788. There is no native title claim on Lake Victoria.
Mrs Lawson says of course she supports the right of aboriginal people to their lands, but the Native Title Act has done her people no favours.
"No I won that case in 1981 and two years after that in 1983 they decided to come in with the lands right act. I've got nothing to do with that land rights act. To me that's against my belief of owning, or the ownership (of those) traditionally affiliated with the area.
"We took out a native title, that's where the land council came in and got involved in that and took it away from the traditional owners that did the native title in the first place. It's all over like dog's breakfast," she says.
Even after her court win, Mrs Lawson struggled to find a permanent home on her traditional lands.
She says her first home was sold out from under her, her second home burnt down, and when it was rebuilt, she wasn't given the option of returning to it.
"I was out of home. I had to get a house in Broken Hill. A couple of my family members came up and said, 'You don't belong here, you belong down there.', 'What? To be pushed around again?, alright I'm coming back.
"I've always had in mind I'm coming back, you'll never, ever get rid of me I said. Got a transfer back off that house then, and it didn't happen in the Wentworth Shire, it happened here in Mildura.
"I guess I'm one of those proud ladies that my grandmother and them, had the staunch you know, and that's how I am today, and I'll always be like that. I can never be bought out, you know. I'm only asking for my father's inheritance," she says.
Mrs Lawson was reunited with her grandmother for the last two years of her life, before she died in 1956 aged 104.
"My grand-mother said that was her part of the country. She was born and bred on it. She told us beforehand before I was taken away and she's told me when I come back from the home, I want to go back to my place. My Home," she says.
Mrs Lawson's claim contends that in 1922 her grandparents were never compensated for the loss of their land when South Australia took ownership of Lake Victoria from New South Wales.
"They mustered them all out, that's where they brought them in. There is a Jail there on the Rufus River.
"They got out with what little families they had. What my grandmother said it was most of her family that was slaughtered there and that's why they didn't want to leave there.
"She always wanted to go back to Nulla station and we said no you can't now Nan because somebody else owns it. But she always believed that it was hers. That it was given, it was their inheritance you know," she says.
Lake Victoria's purpose today is to provide water security for South Australia, and while owned by SA Water, is governed by New South Wales laws.
Queensland and Victoria were also still being governed by New South Wales laws prior to 1848.
Did Nullum Tempus exist in 1848? Did landholders like Mr Love who'd been squatting on "wastelands" of the Crown gain ownership after 60 years?
Depending on how the courts choose to answer the question - Mrs Lawson's case has the potential to hold up native title hearings across the country, and have the courts reviewing past decisions.
Mrs Lawson sees it only one way.
"I want to claim what's rightfully mine and that's the inheritance of my father what was handed down from my grandmother.
"My great-grandparents and that's exactly where I've headed yes. It'd be a court case. I'm not going to back down, and I'm going to see it through with the last breath in my body. I'm not going to back down for nobody," she says.
SA Water has confirmed it has received a Notice of claim and Abstract from Dorothy and Phillip Lawson, adding - as the matter is currently being reviewed and is the subject of legal discussions, it would not be appropriate to comment further at this stage.
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