Alcohol by Volume (ABV)
The percentage of volume of alcohol per volume of beer, the most common method of showing the amount of alcohol. It is calculated by:
ABV = (Starting SG - Final SG) * 131
A rating method for the potential bitterness of hops, expressed by percentage. Low: 2-4%; medium: 5-7%; high: 8-12%.
Measurement of the quantity of sugar in the wort that has been fermented by the yeast into alcohol and carbon-dioxide gas.
European Brewery Convention (EBC)
A method to measure the colour of wort and beer.
Final Specific Gravity
The specific gravity a beer has obtained when fermentation is over.
An important process that makes the yeast sediment to the bottom of the fermenter at the end of fermentation. Flocculation normally starts after all the nutrients have been used.
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International Bitterness Unit (IBU)
Standard unit used to measure the concentration of iso-alpha-acids in milligrams per litre.
Barley steeped in water, germinated and dried in kilns. This process converts insoluble starches to soluble substances and sugars.
Crushed malted grains mixed with hot water in a mash tun to produce the sweet wort. The process of mashing extracts malt starch and converts it to grain starches and fermentable sugars.
Original Gravity (OG)
Specific gravity of wort prior to fermentation. Original gravity is the measure of the total amount of dissolved solids in the wort.
To move beer from one vessel to another, normally from a primary to secondary fermenter in order to separate beer from the waste solids produced during the initial fermentation period.
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Spraying the spent grains in the mash with hot water to remove the remaining malt sugar.
Sweet wort is the mash extract. Bitter wort is the hopped sugar solution before pitching.