Functional neuroimaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have focused on the neural correlates of cognitive control. However, for many youths with ADHD, emotional lability is an important clinical feature of the disorder. We aimed to identify the neural substrates associated with emotional lability that were distinct from impairments in cognitive control and to assess the effects that stimulants have on those substrates. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess neural activity in adolescents with (N=15) and without (N=15) ADHD while they performed cognitive and emotional versions of the Stroop task that engage cognitive control and emotional processing, respectively. The participants with ADHD were scanned both on and off stimulant medication in a counterbalanced fashion. Controlling for differences in cognitive control, we found that during the emotional Stroop task, adolescents with ADHD as compared with controls demonstrated atypical activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Stimulants attenuated activity in the mPFC to levels comparable with controls.
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders
The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Revised Version (DISC-R): I. Preparation, field testing, interrater reliability, and acceptability
Topographic organization of connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey
Social functioning and emotional regulation in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes
The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans
Conceptual, methodological, and statistical challenges in brain imaging studies of developmentally based psychopathologies
Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent memory: an event-related fMRI study
Imaging the effects of methylphenidate on brain dopamine: new model on its therapeutic actions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology
Emotional expression during attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders treatment: initial assessment of treatment effects
The neurophysiological bases of emotion: An fMRI study of the affective circumplex using emotion-denoting words
An FMRI study of the effects of psychostimulants on default-mode processing during Stroop task performance in youths with ADHD
Neural correlates of response inhibition in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): clinical correlates and familial prevalence
Emotion processing influences working memory circuits in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Identifying a consistent pattern of neural function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis
Connecting the dots: a review of resting connectivity MRI studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: current neuroscience-informed perspectives for clinicians
Dissociable attentional and affective circuits in medication-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abnormal amygdala functional connectivity associated with emotional lability in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Executive attention control and emotional responding in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder--A functional MRI study
Hot executive control and response to a stimulant in a double-blind randomized trial in children with ADHD
"Turning down the heat": Is poor performance of children with ADHD on tasks tapping "hot" emotional regulation caused by deficits in "cool" executive functions?
Affective processing bias in youth with primary bipolar disorder or primary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Emotional Lability in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact of Pharmacotherapy
Emotional bias of cognitive control in adults with childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Overlapping neurobehavioral circuits in ADHD, obesity, and binge eating: evidence from neuroimaging research
Emotional response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neural and behavioural data
Effects of stimulants on brain function in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Emotional face identification in youths with primary bipolar disorder or primary attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Lisdexamfetamine and immediate release d-amfetamine - differences in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships revealed by striatal microdialysis in freely-moving rats with simultaneous determination of plasma drug concentrations and locomotor activity
Increased functional connectivity between the default mode and salience networks in unmedicated adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder
The interaction between 5-HTTLPR and stress exposure influences connectivity of the executive control and default mode brain networks
Regulation of emotion in ADHD: can children with ADHD override the natural tendency to approach positive and avoid negative pictures?
Does an attention bias to appetitive and aversive words modulate interference control in youth with ADHD?
Informing the Structure of Executive Function in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Data
Neurodevelopmental maturation as a function of irritable temperament: Insights From a Naturalistic Emotional Video Viewing Paradigm
Emotional face recognition in individuals withattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review article
Is Increased Response Time Variability Related to Deficient Emotional Self-Regulation in Children With ADHD?
Current and emerging pharmacotherapy for the treatment of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Its Clinical Translation
Intrinsic Brain Connectivity Following Long-Term Treatment with Methylphenidate in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Neural response during emotion regulation in monozygotic twins at high familial risk of affective disorders
Distraction by salient stimuli in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Evidence for the role of task difficulty in bottom-up and top-down processing
This Is Your Brain on Irritability: A Clinician's Guide to Understanding How We Know What We Know Now, and What We Need to Know in the Future, About Irritability in Children and Adolescents.
Attention is involved in all cognitive activities, and attention disorders are reported in patients with various neurological diseases. Here are the latest discoveries pertaining to attention disorders.