What is a Cataract?
A cataract is when the eye’s lens becomes clouded, causing the light passing through the eye to become scattered and unfocused. The natural eye lens is made up of water and protein, so as the eye ages, some proteins can become discolored resulting in the blurring of vision.
What Causes Cataracts?
Various factors can give rise to cataracts in the natural lens of the eye. Factors that can cause cataracts include:
- AGE: Cataracts develop as age advances. Cataracts typically begin forming around age 55, but can be seen in patients at earlier ages depending on physical health and predisposed risk factors.
- DIABETES: Patients who have diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts at an earlier age.
- EXCESSIVE EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT: Ultraviolet rays from direct sunlight can lead to the early development of cataracts. Sunglasses are an effective form of protection against direct sunlight.
- SMOKING/DRINKING ALCOHOL: Smoking and excessive alcohol drinking are a predisposing factor for early cataract development
- OBESITY: Obesity is a predisposing risk factor for diabetes and other systemic illnesses, which can in turn lead to early cataract development.
- HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE: Blood pressure should be kept under control in order to prevent cataracts progression.
- PREVIOUS EYE INJURY/INFLAMMATION: Any form of direct blunt trauma can give rise to traumatic cataracts, even in young patients. Inflammatory eye diseases like uveitis can also add to the risk of cataracts.
- PROLONGED USE OF CORTICOSTEROID MEDICATION: Any form of oral of topical steroid treatment for a long-term period of 6 months – 1 year can lead to cataracts.