- 10 million
- 700 c. e.
- Evil spell
- Food miles is a term used to measure the ecological effects of American food foodstuffs on Europe and Africa. It is the distance covered for the food to reach its consumer.
- African-Americans emerged as a mixed race population during the period between 1500 and 1650.
- Martin Luther was a German monk and professor of biblical studies in Wittenberg. Most of his theories challenged the catholic church.
- Doctrine of election is where John Calvin spoke about how God chooses certain people for salvation. Gods will to save certain people.
- Puritans was a name given individuals called themselves “unspotted lambs of the Lord.” These people are mostly radical in nature.
- mercantile system is a name given to a state-assisted or subsidized manufacturing lifecycle and trade or economy. This system helps in controlling imports and exports.
- Indentured Servants are people who opted to labor in exchange of their passage to America. These people were willing to work for certain period and sometimes sell their legal documents.
- Francisco Vázquez de Coronado was a one of the major European explorers of North American interior. However, he was not successful in his search for the seven golden cities of Cibola.
- Native Indians practice of refusal to give gifts offended the Spanish missionaries
- Samuel de Champlain established the French settlement in North America in 1608. He was originally an observer on a fur-trading business.
- Great Commission group won many converts.
- Portugal used Henry Hudson to find a western route to the wealth of the West Indies. They claimed most of South America.
- Emperor Wahunsunacawh used the marriage of his daughter, Pocahontas to John Rolfe, to woe the English traders to his sphere of influence.
- Lord Baltimore.
- 47,000 acres
- Nathaniel Bacon.
- John Winthrop
- Anne Hutchinson.
- Mary Rowlandson.
- Metacom’s Rebellion.
- manorial system is a system where a mass of serfs is ruled by a minority, but powerful nobles. This system was first presented in the Fundamental Constitution of Carolina in 1669.
- William Penn came up with the colony of “Pennsylvania” for the main reason of permitting freedom of religion. It was his longing to safeguard himself and his associates from harassment.
- John Locke argues that there is no authority or government can give good reason for by an appeal to the celestial right of kings. He also concludes that any authority that govern without peoples’ approval can be overthrown.
- His counter argument is aimed at shaping the society.
- British leaders spend over half of its GDP.
- The South Atlantic System focused Cotton as its main crop.
- 8 million Africans were forced into slavery under the South Atlantic System during the period of 1550 and 1800.
- Middle Passage was the route taken by the slave traders to America originating from Africa.
- By 1700, 13 percent of the Chesapeake population was made of Africans. Some of the them were African descent.
- In 1692, the Virginia lawmakers instituted a law forbidding marriage between English and Africans. This was to regulates the Negros on the British settlements.
- South Carolina colony witnessed the largest slave uprising, also known as Stono Rebellion, in 1739. This was because South Carolina colony consisted mostly of slaves.
- Salutary Neglect was a by-product the political system coined by Sir Robert Walpole from 1720 to 1742. However, it was undocumented, though enduring time.
- The War of Jenkins’s Ear in 1739 led to a wider conflict Austrian Succession.
- The Scottish immigrant named Alexander McAllister said about Carolina, “the best poor man’s countries have heard in this age.”
- According to the puritan’s, the puritan’s vision of social equality not apply to the non-puritans.
- Reverend Cotton Mather believed women became full members of churches because they feared Misfortunes.
- Between 1710 and 1740, many young people used the belief that failure to marry was a signof God's ill favor to win permission to marry.
- C. Established cultural schools.
- B. Germany.
- C. Gottlieb Mittelberger.
- The Enlightenment.
- Congregationalist minister Andrew Eliot maintained, “there is nothing in Christianity that is contrary to reason.”
- Thomas Jefferson began to doubt revelation in 1771.
- B. Agnosticism.
- B. John Locke.
- C. Catholic Church.
- The America revolution rapidly sped to Europe becoming the Seven Years’ War and became a Great War for Empire.
- B. Alexander Hamilton.
- B. The poor and middle classes.
- The Currency Act name of the legislation that George Grenville won passage of in 1764 which banned the American colonies from using paper money as legal tender?
- The Sugar Act in 1764 replaced the widely ignored Molasses Act.
- The Sugar Act covered the cost of keeping British troops in America.
- British politicians rejected Benjamin Franklin’s proposal of American representation in Parliament by stating that the colonists already had what form of representation because Britain had colonists had no representation in Parliament and that the taxes violation of their Rights of Englishmen
- Society of Friends was the group of radical but disciplined protesters that emerged in Boston from 1765-1770.
- D. Slavery.
- C. Natural Rights.
- A. Increased tax revenues.
- A. Passed more laws.
- B.Tea Act.
- C. The flight of Governor Thomas Hutchinson to Great Britain.
- The Quartering Act 2 June 1774
- The Administration of Justice Act 20 May 1774
- The Boston Port Act, 31 March 1774.
- The Massachusetts Bay Regulating Act 20 May 1774.
- The Declaration of Rights and Grievances outlined colonial objections to the Intolerable Acts, listed a colonial bill of rights, and provided a detailed list of grievances
- Thomas Paine published the Common Sense pamphlet that raised the call for independence.
- A. John Adams
- The Revolutionary War would resulted from the Patriots raising of a democratic army and repudiating monarchial rule.
- C. Thomas Paine.
- Sir Wilfred Laurier supported American demands for autonomy and demanded a more representative system of government?
- A. War of Attrition.
- B. Lord North.
- B. Laws.
- Eleanor Roosevelt was the woman that demanded equal rights for married women.
- Sarah M. Grimké's wrote the essay “On the Equality of the Sexes.”
- The Article of confederation created a limited central government for the United States of America.
- The Article of confederation major weakness was the impossibility to make changes on the document.
- The Land Ordinance of allowed for the creation of territories that would eventually become states.
- In Freemen and Bacon's Rebellion, the lawmakers refused to enact debtor-relief legislation in Massachusetts resulting in the mob mentality or “mobocracy” in 1786.
- A. James Madison.
- B. William Paterson.
- The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles or essays promoting the Constitution
- The Marbury versus Madison case was the landmark case that formed the basis of the judicial review. It was a landmark decision that helped separate the definitive boundaries of the judicial and executive branches of the law.
- They were originally twelve amendments but two rejected related to congress members. The ten are called the bill of rights.
- >The president Alexander Hamilton proposed to deal with all debts at face value. That is the federal government would assume all of the debts owned by the state which would combine to one figure.
- Sir Patrick Henry condemned the treaty clause that made agreements with overseas authorities superior to the laws of the state and the state constitutions. He also lamented the possibility of the powers of article 1 to be transferred from the states to a consolidated central government.
- He was a strong believer of hard work, therefore; he supposed that those who labor in the earth were the chosen people of God.
- The licenses for intoxicating goods carried around heavy licenses levied upon the spirits. This brought about the whiskey rebellion in the 19th century.
- The sedition act, making it a crime to defame the president or congress, and a naturalization act.
This extended the required residency for full citizenship of an alien to 14 years.
The alien friends act made it possible for the president to deport any alien deemed dangerous to overall law and order.
- Henry Drayton was a humane maser and sympathetic to the plight of the Indians. His attitude was understanding to the plight of the Indians.
- The actions of Madison and the ambition that he had was quite dangerous this made him question original foreign policy with France.
- The Louisiana Purchase made him rethink on the interpretation statutes. They could not cover certain changing aspects.
- The embargo acts of 1807 as well as the non-intercourse acts were laws to avoid war. Jefferson used them to prevent America from going to war but use coercion and economic punishment.
- The longest serving Chief Justice of the united states was responsible he was named John Marshall whose court opinions laid the basis for American constitutional law.
- The concept of voting and election had started to rear its head. This meant the advancement of the political by starting of political parties and campaigning.
- The business cycle because market forces were I effect the agricultural prices of crops began to drop heavily affecting a majority.
1.These political economies came to be recognized as the commonwealth. These were the prelude to the federal government.
2. Middle Class
3. Equal Natural Rights
5. Personal wealth.
10.There are many terms to coin the republicans that make themselves out to be the master race. Most consider them red necks today while others call them supremacist republicans and racists.
11.It was argued that the compromise made intolerable concessions that would undermine the supremacists too much. Hence, the three-fifths rule came to force.
12. The second great awakening began a religious movement in the United States during the early 19th century. It led to millions of Christian conversions as well as the opening up of several denominations.
13. Lydia Maria Child.
14.A Quaker group led by a woman by the name of Margaret Macdonald claimed she had visions of the second coming. In this way, she claimed to have come back as the reincarnation of Jesus the savior.