Taiwanese study finds significantly higher prevalence for major eye disease in people with common sleep disorder
SAN FRANCISCO – Researchers in Taiwan have discovered that people with sleep apnea are far more likely to develop glaucoma compared to those without the sleep condition. The results of this study, which is the first to calculate the risk of the disease among people with the sleep disorder following diagnosis, is published in this month's edition of Ophthalmology, the journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Conducted by researchers at Taipei Medical University, the retrospective study, "Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Increased Risk of Glaucoma," used a nationwide, population-based dataset to examine the prevalence and risk of the most common form of glaucoma among patients with the most common form of sleep apnea. The researchers reviewed National Health Insurance medical records for 1,012 patients aged 40 and older throughout Taiwan who were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea between 2001-04, comparing them to 6,072 matched-cohort control patients. They determined that the risk of developing open-angle glaucoma within five years of an obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis was 1.67 times higher in those who had sleep apnea compared to the control subjects.
While previous studies demonstrate an increased prevalence of glaucoma, which is the second-leading cause of blindness worldwide[i], this study determined that obstructive sleep apnea is not simply a marker for poor health, but is actually an independent risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. The relationship between the two conditions is significant, given the large numbers of people worldwide who suffer from them.
Sleep apnea is a chronic condition that blocks breathing during sleep for more than 100 million people worldwide.[ii] In obstructive sleep apnea, the airway becomes blocked, causing breathing to stop for up to two minutes. Symptoms include loud snoring and persistent daytime sleepiness.
Glaucoma affects nearly 60 million worldwide.[iii]If untreated, glaucoma reduces peripheral vision and eventually may cause blindness by damaging the optic nerve. (See how glaucoma can affect vision.) Only half of the people who have glaucoma are aware of it,[iv] because the disease is painless and vision loss is typically gradual.
"We hope that this study encourages clinicians to alert obstructive sleep apnea patients of the associations between obstructive sleep apnea and open-angle glaucoma as a means of raising the issue and encouraging treatment of those who need it," wrote the authors of the study, led by Herng-Ching Lin, Ph.D., of the College of Medical Science and Technology at Taipei Medical University.
The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that all adults should get a baseline eye exam from an ophthalmologist – a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of eye diseases and conditions – by age 40, when early signs of disease and vision changes may start to occur.
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About the American Academy of Ophthalmology
The American Academy of Ophthalmology–headquartered in San Francisco– is the world's largest association of eye physicians and surgeons — Eye M.D.s— with more than 32,000 members worldwide. Eye health care is provided by the three "O's" – ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians. It is the ophthalmologist, or Eye M.D., who can treat it all: eye diseases, infections and injuries, and perform eye surgery. For more information, visit www.aao.org. The Academy's EyeSmart® program educates the public about the importance of eye health and empowers them to preserve healthy vision. EyeSmart provides the most trusted and medically accurate information about eye diseases, conditions and injuries. OjosSanos™ is the Spanish-language version of the program. Visit www.geteyesmart.org or www.ojossanos.org to learn more.
Ophthalmology,the official journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, publishes original, peer-reviewed reports on ophthalmic research, including basic science investigations, clinical studies, and translational science reviews. Topics include new diagnostic and treatment approaches, innovations in surgical technique, clinical trial results, economic and quality of life analyses, and implications of health care reform. Ophthalmology is one of the most respected journals in medicine, with the highest impact factor of the major journals serving ophthalmology.
[i] World Health Organization Bulletin 2002, Resnikoff et al., p. 844–851
[iii] Quigley and Broman "Number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020"