Vital to any scientific process is both peer review and broad publication of results.
Both of these ideals will be inherent in the scientific experiments Mark will be performing in orbit.
Below you can find detailed information on the minutae of each experiment shortlisted for the trip.
The very first cells that the body creates do not have a "pre-determined destiny" - unlike
more mature cells they are not skin cells or liver cells or brain cells - they are simply
stem-cells, which change to become a specific type of cell by responding to their
environment. Understanding these cells holds the key to healing serious injuries where
the cells in one part of the body have been damaged beyond repair.
Space places a very different set of strains on the human body to what we encounter here on
earth. Much of the science conducted in orbit has been aimed at understanding how we function
when under conditions of "micro-gravity". While Mark is in space he will be monitored by a team
on earth who will record (amongst other things) his heart-rate and the way his muscles react.
There are many unanswered questions and conflicting reports of biological responses - Mark
hopes to help clear some of them up.
When we consider the threats facing Africa as a whole, few would argue that HIV and other
diseases are our Nemises. In the war on disease, the frontline is within our bodies, where
our immune cells interact with and (hopefully) attack the disease as it infects us. The
problem facing scientists is that the combatants are too small to observe directly - we
must look at various pieces of evidence to infer what happened. One of the processes
which help with that is called SPC (Soluble Protein Crystallisation) which gives
scientists a way to look at the weapons used by the immune system with an eye to knowing how
to make them more effective.