Round the World flight. First try.
By mid-March 1937, everything was ready for the record flight. The crew consisted of the pilot Amelia Earhart, and two navigators Harry Manning (Harry Manning) and Fred Noonan (Fred Noonan). March 17 kicked off a plane from Oakland (Oakland), United States, and headed westward, first to make a stopover in Hawaii in Honolulu (Honolulu). At the appointed time the plane landed safely, but it took preventive work with engines, and to this end, the plane flew to the island of Ford (Ford Island) not far from Honolulu. After completion of the work planned continuation of the circumnavigation flight. The morning of March 20 at a take-off from Ford Island during the run-up to the plane crash occurred. The materials published in the press indicating that the plane crash was due to the rupture of the right wheel landing gear tires. However, the reason for the special commission into the accident aircraft did not establish its gap . The main thing - there were no casualties but the aircraft seriously injured and was sent for repair.
A bad start, and followed, after this, a sudden departure from the crew navigator Harry Manning, of course, upset Amelia Earhart, but did not affect her determination to resume the interrupted flight. Her first thought was to find a replacement for Manning. However, after reflection, tips with her husband and taking into account that Fred Noonan was one of the most experienced navigators of the time, she came to the firm conviction: Noonan and one will be able to cope with the responsibilities of the navigator in the newly scheduled flight. Rumors about his abuse alcohol , Earhart did not attach special significance. Fred Noonan, for its part, accepted the offer without hesitation lёtchitsy to stay in the carriage, having decided to share all the burdens of air travel in the second attempt to fly around the globe.
A second attempt.
The aircraft was repaired and 1 June 1937, he successfully took off from the airport in Miami (Miami), leaving US territory and taking a course, now in the east, in the direction of South America. Selection of the eastern direction of flight was due to a change in wind direction which, for the most part, by the beginning of the second start steel drive-crew on most of the planned route. The flight passed without a single accident, his schedule was kept. Only only trouble marred successfully performed circumnavigation flight. It happened in the area of flight across the Atlantic from the city of Natal (Natal), Brazil in Dakar (Dakar), Senegal. On this route Noonan made a navigational error, which resulted in the plane appeared near the Atlantic coast of Africa, but in all its foreseeable coast capital city of Senegal Dakar crew did not detect. Not knowing precisely of finding the aircraft at the time, Noonan suggested Earhart fly south, but pilot contrary to the suggestion of a navigator aircraft deployed to the north. Within five miles of the flight ended safely landing at the airport of the city of Saint-Louis (Senegal), is located in 163 nautical miles (302 kilometers) north of Dakar. This deviation from the route was very significant, and who knows what would have ended with the flight of the aircraft at the site round the world flight, Earhart obey his navigator. But all is well that ends well, though in a shower at Amelia's disappointment over a mistake navigator left and erstwhile confidence in the infallibility Noonan hesitated. From St. Louis crew continued on his round the world flight.Arrival to the island of Lae.June 29 plane "Lockheed Electra" landed at the airport of the island Lae (Lae Island), New Guinea (New Guinea). June 30 followed by rest and preparation for the launch, scheduled for July 1st. Earhart and Noonan were flying from Lae Island Howland Island (Howland Island), located in the Pacific Ocean. It was the site of extended world tour route amounts to 2556 nautical miles (4 km 733.7).By the time of arrival on the island of Lae crew it was already extremely exhausted. The closer to the end was coming round the world flight, the more Noonan after landing began to take off stress and fatigue of alcohol, sometimes in large quantities. There were cases when on board the aircraft, ready for takeoff, Noonan helped up . This behavior is a partner more and more irritated and angered pilot that she was tired at least, if not more co-driver. Not relying too much on help relaxing Noonan, pilot had the most to solve various organizational and technical issues related to ensuring the continuation of the flight.1 July to take off from the island of Lae failed due to unfavorable weather conditions over him. There were also problems with the radio organization. Periodically coming weather report on the flight route is constantly changing and different completeness and accuracy. For these reasons, the start was postponed to July 2nd.The weather report was reported that in some places on the route expected to be cloudy in the form of cirrus and cumulus clouds, and Howland Island area the lower edge of the clouds could be located at an altitude of 300 meters above the ocean waters. During the flight, the aircraft could meet the storm front or get into the restricted area of torrential rains. Wind speed can reach up to 23 knots (11.83 m / s). Wind expected mainly easterly direction, but sometimes it can be the north-east, the south-east. In any case, in the upcoming flight are winds should be considered counter for aircraft course, inevitably leads to an increase in fuel consumption. To minimize fuel consumption Amelia Earhart recommended to fly at a speed of 140 knots (259.28 km / h) and at a height of not more than 8000 feet (434.4 m 2).
Due to a large extent the way over the ocean serious concern for the crew caused the radio. All your posts should lёtchitsa transmit voice, because Morse code nor Earhart or Noonan practically owned. To reduce the likelihood of distortion of words in the transmission of voice messages in flight, had compiled a list of 105 cuts the most used words and terms , for example, instead of the word «cloudy» (cloudy), Earhart pronounced CLDY letters, or instead of the word «respond» ( answer) - AR. However, even in this case, for the reliability and stability of communication on the route of flight nobody could vouch. Time to broadcasting was strictly defined, and radio communications were performed on two radio frequencies: the day - 6210 kHz at night - 3105 kHz. The use of in-flight two frequencies was due to different cross radio waves in the atmosphere during the day. Radio communication was maintained with the crew of the radio station, located on the island of Lae and radio ship Navy US Coast Guard «Itaska», on duty off the coast of Howland Island. From these same stations were to come on board the aircraft weather reports. At the final stage of the route to the guaranteed yield on the Lost island in the ocean, pilot planned to use the radio bearing, which she was supposed to provide the ship «Itaska».
On the night before the launch, Earhart has not been able to sleep. Assailed by questions and thoughts related to the upcoming flight: "Do not fail Noonan? Fly have far and long, and part of the route they will have to fly at night. According to forecasts of likely cloudy, possible showers in places. Because of the long residence time of the aircraft in the air appear increased fatigue, which will have an impact on the actions of each member of the crew, and that may well lead to irreparable mistakes - one in the management plane, the other in laying his course. Only Noonan would not go in flight with a hangover, as happened during the flight from Brazil to Africa. They are then due to the co-pilot error lost on the African coast, but in the end, landed safely. Now, here under the wing of the aircraft will not land, and the foaming waves of a vast ocean with it lost in the tiny island. If you stray off course and use up all the fuel, you have to put the car on a land troubled Pacific waters, but it is not so easy. Even if you get successful splash down, no prospect of salvation will not because to file a distress signal will not be possible, due to the fact that the radio station is likely to be de-energized. So, the chances of searchers and rescuers to find and rescue the crew of the trouble will be equal to almost zero. And the plane, despite the empty fuel tanks, it is unknown how long it will last afloat. In general, the margin for error nor she nor Noonan's not. " Long after midnight, Amelia forgotten anxiously half asleep.
Start the flight into the unknown.
July 2, 1937. Morning. Aerodrome services produced prestart inspection of the aircraft. Thoroughly tested runway airfield - nothing should prevent the overloaded take-off aircraft. Pilot Weight "Lockheed Electra" was about 15 000 pounds (6804 kg). The aircraft fuel tanks were pumped 1,100 gallons of American high-octane fuel (4164 liters). It was quite enough for the flight to Howland Island, however, in case of complications in a way, to overcome them this amount of fuel had a very small margin.
Some elements of the plane Amelia Earhart , 
Aircraft Takeoff was captured on film , . In the first images of the film on the airfield curious locals gathered in front of airplane. Further in cine lens fall Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan. As it is impossible to determine whether the footage was a navigator in the morning with a hangover or not, but it looks cheerful, smiling; Amelia helps to climb on an airplane wing. Then Noonan gently climbs into the plane through the top hatch of the aircraft. Following the navigator his place on the plane took Amelia Earhart. Inside, "Lockheed Electra" were placed additional fuel tanks immediately behind the pilot's seat, as well as desktop navigator with chronometers and livelihoods: food, thermoses, inflatable rocket. During the flight, if necessary, to get out of the cockpit in the aircraft cabin could only crawl on top of the fuel tank.
Then a piece of hanging antennas, dragged under by plane, clinging to the small irregularities of the aerodrome, at some portion thereof may break off. Perhaps it was this piece of antenna and found a takeoff on the field after the departure of the aircraft Amelia Earhart. Part of the radio antenna is located between the bracket-holders could well remain on the fuselage and may remain operational, but in this case the reliability of reception of radio signals on the background of unstable weather deteriorated significantly. Analysis radiograms exchange between the operator of the ship station «Itaska» and Amelia Earhart, confirms the existence of problems with the radio.
The effects of curvature of the Pitot tubes.
Recall, for the correct operation of the pitot tube is required, so that it is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, and it is obligatory in places of absence of distortions of air flow. In this case the incoming flight in the air flow entering the inlet tube opening, brake and creates overpressure inside it.
15/12/2015 - 24/08/2016.