The Internet a collection of interconnected computer networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, etc. Department of Defense to safeguard against the possibility of communications being intercepted in the event of a nuclear attack. The World Wide Web, a service accessible via the Internet, is invented. The Web is a system of information sites, which can be accessed over the medium of the Internet.
Constitution passed by Congress September 25, Ratified December 15, One of the ten amendments of the Bill of Rights, the First Amendment gives everyone residing in the United States the right to hear all sides of every issue and to make their own judgments about those issues without government interference or limitations.
The First Amendment allows individuals to speak, publish, read and view what they wish, worship or not worship as they wish, associate with whomever they choose, and gather together to ask the government to make changes in the law or to correct the wrongs in society.
The right to speak and the right to publish under the First Amendment has been interpreted widely to protect individuals and society from government attempts to suppress ideas and information, and to forbid government censorship of books, magazines, and newspapers as well as art, film, music and materials on the internet.
The Supreme Court and other courts have held conclusively that there is a First Amendment right to receive information; the right to receive information is a corollary to the right to speak.
Justice William Brennan elaborated on this point in I think the right to receive publications is such a fundamental right. The dissemination of ideas can accomplish nothing if otherwise willing addressees are not free to receive and consider them.
It would be a barren marketplace of ideas that had only sellers and no buyers. Postmaster General, U. Restrictions and censorship of materials in public institutions are most commonly prompted by public complaints.
Government officials, in the form of the library board or school administration, are ever mindful of the importance their neighbors may place on religious values, moral sensibilities, and protecting children from offensive materials.
So, directly or indirectly, ordinary citizens are the driving force behind the challenges to the internet, information and ideas. The First Amendment protects public institutions from having to compromise the ideals of free speech by establishing a framework that defines critical rights and responsibilities.
It protects the freedom of speech, thought, and inquiry, and advocates respect for the right of others to do the same. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis wisely guides the American people to resort to "more speech not enforced silence" in seeking to resolve our differences in values, sensibilities, and offenses.
The First Amendment's constitutional right of free speech, which is also applied to the states, only prevents government restrictions on speech, not restrictions imposed by private individuals or businesses.
Mark Zuckerberg can restrict speech on Facebook because it is a private business and he is not the government.
Criticism of the government, political dissatisfaction, and advocacy of unpopular ideas that people may find distasteful or against public policy are almost always safeguarded. Supreme Court has recognized several categories of speech that are not protected by the First Amendment.
Among these are obscenity, child pornography, and libel and slander. Deciding what is and is not protected speech is almost always reserved for a court of law. Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that certain persons — individuals, groups, or government officials — find objectionable or dangerous.
Censors pressure public institutions, like libraries, to suppress and remove information they judge inappropriate or dangerous from public access, so that no one else has the chance to read or view the material and make up their own minds about it. The censor wants to prejudge materials for everyone.
An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights A challenge is an attempt to remove or restrict materials, based upon the objections of a person or group. A banning is the removal of those materials.
Challenges do not simply involve a person expressing a point of view; rather, they are an attempt to remove material from the curriculum or library, thereby restricting the access of others.
An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights The American Library Association affirms the rights of individuals to form their own opinions about resources they choose to read, view, listen to, or otherwise access.
Libraries do not advocate the ideas found in their collections or in resources accessible through the library.
The presence of books and other resources in a library does not indicate endorsement of their contents by the library. Likewise, providing access to digital information does not indicate endorsement or approval of that information by the library.
Labeling systems present distinct challenges to these intellectual freedom principles. An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights Libraries, no matter their size, contain an enormous wealth of viewpoints and are responsible for making those viewpoints available to all. However, libraries do not advocate or endorse the content found in their collections or in resources made accessible through the library.
Rating systems appearing in library public access catalogs or resource discovery tools present distinct challenges to these intellectual freedom principles. Expurgation as defined by this interpretation includes any deletion, excision, alteration, editing, or obliteration of any part s of books or other library resources by the library, its agent, or its parent institution if any.Till , India’s Internet Freedom Status was relatively free and censorship was sporadic.
Till then, the government did not particularly bother about censoring the Internet. The status changed after Mumbai, the financial capital of India suffered a massive terrorist attack in November Aug 09, · Platforms, Speech And Truth: Policy, Policing And Impossible Choices from the deplatforming-and-denialism dept.
Censorship of the internet must stop in China. 13 January (Washington, DC) Amnesty International has again urged the Chinese authorities to end censorship of the internet after the online firm, Google, today raised concern about the hacking of human rights activists’ email accounts.
The FCC and Freedom of Speech.. The First Amendment, as well as Section of the Communications Act, prohibits the Commission from censoring broadcast material and from interfering with freedom of expression in broadcasting. How Censorship Works in China: A Brief Overview 1.
Policy about what substantive content is to be censored is largely The first layer of Chinese Internet censorship takes place at this. With a focus on Asia and the Pacific, ABC Radio Australia offers an Australian perspective. Our content on radio, web, mobile and through social media encourages conversation and the sharing of.