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Geoscience Homework 3
Terms in this set (81)
volcano known for reddish-brown lapilli
volcano with a crater at the summit and steep flanks
volcano with very broad slopes and a caldera
volcano known for long lava flows and lava tubes
volcano known for erupting lava and pyroclastic material
volcano with a steep summit and broad, moderately steep flanks
What type of volcano is Mauna Loa in Hawaii?
What type of volcano is Mount St. Helens in Washington?
What type of volcano is Cotopaxi in Ecuador?
What type of volcano is Fujiyama in Japan?
What type of volcano is San Francisco Peaks in Arizona?
What type of volcano is Paricutin in Mexico?
How do plates move in divergent plate boundaries?
plates move apart
How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
plates move toward one another
How do plates move at transform plate boundaries?
plates slide past one another
In general, where do earthquakes AND volcanic eruptions occur?
divergent plate boundaries and convergent plate boundaries
What forms at divergent plate boundaries?
new oceanic lithosphere
In general, where do volcanoes from in subduction zones?
on the overriding plate, away form the convergent boundary
Why are volcanoes NOT found at transform boundaries?
transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantle
The East African rift is a divergent plate boundary that is splitting the continent of Africa into two pieces. What will eventually form around this divergent boundary?
Where are tectonic plates located?
at Earth's surface
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
divergent, convergent, and transform
Which of the following statements about earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 is most accurate?
Earrthquakes with magnitude greater than 40 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries.
Which plate boundary is NOT associated with volcanic eruption?
Which phenomenon can explain the presence of volcanoes in the middle of the Pacific Ocean?
Which type of plate boundary is most clearly associated with uplifting continental regions and mountain building?
How do plates move at divergent plate boundaries?
plates move apart
How do plates move at convergent plate boundaries?
plates move together
In general, where do both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur?
at convergent plate boundaries and at divergent plant boundaries
In general, where do volcanoes form in subduction zones?
on the overriding plate, away from the convergent boundary
What are volcanoes not found at transform boundaries?
Transform boundaries do not cause changes to the pressure, temperature, or composition of the mantlea
Which of the following is a layer of the Earth that is classified NOT by composition, but by physical properties?
Oceanic lithosphere contains oceanic crust and the ______________.
outermost part of mantle beneath the oceanic crust
How is the thickness of the lithosphere going to change as it moves away from a divergent plate boundary?
Lithosphere will thicken as more mantle is added.
What is the main material being subducted at an ocean-continent convergent boundary?
What are two differences between oceanic crust and continental crust?
The continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust.
What is the relationship between the crust and lithosphere?
The crust is part of the lithosphere.
Divergence is to moving away as convergence is to ___________.
Plates move apart at ___________ boundaries, move together at ____________ boundaries, and move side-by-side at ______________ boundaries.
Which geologic features are associated with divergent boundaries?
mid-ocean ridges and continental rift valleys
Which geologic features are associated with convergent boundaries?
ocean trenches and volcanoes
Where is the youngest ocean floor found?
along the crest of mid-ocean ridges
What would happen to Earth if ocean floor were created at divergent boundaries at a faster rate than it is destroyed at convergent boundaries?
The Earth would increase in volume.
What is a volcanic arc?
a row of volcanoes that form on the overriding plate near a subduction zone
Which of the following mountain ranges are examples of continental arcs?
Andes and Cascades
Which tectonic boundary results when two tectonic plates pull apart from each other?
Divergent boundaries are not one, smooth ridge of separation. Instead, they are broken into a series of segments, with different segments of fault offset from others. What features allow for the offset of divergent boundaries?
Crustal rifting is currently occurring in East Africa. Which of the following features would you expect to find there?
normal faults, long wide valley, and lava flows
Which type of tectonic boundary is the result of two tectonic plates colliding with each other?
At a subduction zone where oceanic lithosphere meets continental lithosphere, which would subduct and why?
The oceanic lithosphere would subduct because it has a higher density at 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter.
Why are volcanic chains associated with convergent boundaries?
Partial melting occurs due to subduction.
Plate A has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 10 million years old. Plate B has oceanic lithosphere on its leading edge that is 200 million years old. Which plate will be subducted if they collide with each other, and why?
Plate B will subduct because it is older—and therefore colder—and more dense.
In a collision between two continental plates, can a continental plate subduct? Why or why not?
Continental plates are too buoyant to subduct.
pore water pressure
groundwater extraction and wastewater injection
mining and dam construction
Using this information, rank the three different plate boundary types in terms of the severity of the earthquakes they produce.
convergent, transform, divergent
most earthquakes occur along this kind of boundary
most eathquakes in mountains or near mountains are associated with this kind of boundary
most eathquakes near coastlines occur along this kind of boundary
most earthquakes in the middle of the oceans occur along this kind of boundary
is Earth's stiff, rigid, rocky shell
part of this layer has a relatively homogeneous composition, while the other part is less uniform in composition
contains a weak layer below the lithosphere
contains rock rich in magnesium and iron
contains iron and nickel
contains a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer
Which of the following objects has a size similar to that of lapilli?
a marble (15 mm)
Volcanic ash is best described as which of following?
Microscopic pieces of rock ejected by a volcano.
Which of the following volcanic materials flows out of a volcanic vent?
Which of the following is the volcanic feature in which magman rises through before it is released at the surface?
Which of the following scenarios best describes how the Hawaiian Islands formed in the Pacific Ocean?
Magma generated from a hot spot burned through the overlying plate to create volcanoes.
Which materials in Hawaii's lava help to keep it fluid for longer at the surface( as opposed to cooling and solidifying quickly), thus allowing extensive lava flows to develop?
magnesium and iron
Which of Hawaii's five volcanoes are still considered to be active?
Mauna Loa, and Kilauea
Which of the following has the single most immediate effect on lava's ability to solidify?
The volcanic islands in the above figure were created as the tectonic plate passed over a hot spot in the mantle. Based on the ages of the volcanic islands, in what direction was teh tectonic plate moving toward?
toward the west
A ______________ has a broad and moderately steep flanks and a steep summit. It results from the eruption of a mixture of both lava flows and pyroclastic deposits that contain less fluid materials and travel shorter distances.
A wide volcano that produces mainly basaltic lava flows is called a ________________________.
A very steep-sided volcano built primarily from ejected lava fragments is a called a _________________________________.
Broad sheets of fluid ________________ lava travel long distances and give shield volcanoes thier distinctive shape.
Moderately viscous and gas-rich _____________ lavas can erupt as lava flows or pyroclastic materials, leading to the steepening slope of composite volcanoes.
Explosive eruptions of _____________________________________- create steep-sided cinder cone volcanoes.
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