Terrarum Typus De Integro Multis in Locis Emendatus,
new world map by Petrus Plancius was first issued separately in 1595 or
shortly thereafter and then later incorporated into editions of
Linschoten's Itinerarium from 1599 onwards. It has been angraved by
Jan van Doetecum, a craftsman of great skill whose signature appears in
the lower left-hand corner and who was associated with a number of
The two main terrestial hemispheres are based on those in Plancius'
earlier world map of 1590, updated by geographical detail and with the
addition of two celestial spheres from his large wall map two years later.
, in particular, is more accurately represented. Korea appears as a
peninsula for the first time and Plancius shows an improved outline for
Japan, based on drawings by the Portuguese cartographer Luíz Teixeira.
New Guinea, an island in the earlier maps, is however now joined to the
extensive southern continent named 'Magellanica'.
Inscriptions in the arctic show that Plancius was aware of reports of
English voyages there and, perhaps to encourage forthcoming expeditions,
Novaya Zemlaya is newly shown as an island. Koeman, writing in his
introduction to Jodocus Hondius' Wall-Map of Europe 1595 (Amsterdam,
1967) says of Plancius' map that 'Some copies show traces of the
correction of an earlier edition in which the Arctic continent has been
revised in order to depict the islands of Novaya Zemlaya'. I have not
seen an unrevised state, and it is usually accepted that Barentsz.'
voyages of 1594 were forst portrayed on the twin hemispheres which Hondius
portrayed on his large map of Europe the following year, 1595.
The elaborate pictorial borders were inspired by drawings in the works of
Theodore de Bry published a few years earlier and established a pattern of
cartographical decoration that lasted over a century. The regions of the
world are exemplified by means of symbolic female figures, by landscape
vignettes, and by lively pictures of animals indigenous to each area.
Doetecum has included elephants and camels, a giraffe, a unicorn, an
ostrich and the footless bird of paradise; parrots, snakes and monkeys and
- as unlikely beasts of transport for the regional figures - a rhinoceros,
a crocodile and a giant armadillo. Europe and Asia are thus shown along
the top of the map and Africa, Magellanica,
[South America] and
] along the bottom.
Plancius' map had a widespread influence on other map-makers and it was
issued unchanged throughout the various editions of Linschoten's Itinerarium
from 1599 onwards. It is therefore occasionally available to collectors."
"The first World Map with
elaborate, pictorial borders.
This beautiful map from Linschoten's Voyages combines the skills of
two of the most respected map makers and engravers of the day. Petrus
Plancius and Jan van Doetichum, whose signature is visible at the lower
left, worked together on many map productions and this is one of their
This map is the first to use elaborate pictorial borders representing the
peoples, animals and environment of foreign parts and established a
tradition which was maintained by most Dutch map makers throughout the
next century and by numerous others of various nations over the next two
In each corner are female representations of the four continents: Europe,
an elegant crowned figure holding a cornucopia and a sceptre, a helmet, a
lute and symbols of wisdom at her feet; Asia, an elaborately robed figure
seated on a rhinoceros and holding an incense burner, a casket of baubles
at her feet; Africa, an almost naked figure riding a crocodile armed with
bow and arrows; America, entitled Mexicana, an Amazon figure seated on an
Between the figures and the celestial spheres at top and bottom are
further illustrations of the animals, people and habitations of these
exotic places. Much of the illustration here, as in numerous Dutch map
design was inspired by the illustrations in the reports published by de
Bry a few years earlier.
This map by Plancius was copied almost line-for-line by others but a few
of the subsequent seventeenth-century World maps came close to matching
this for a combination of content and decoration."
maps of this two-hemisphere type, with elaborate pictorial borders
inspired by Théodore de Bry's collection of travelers' tales, were
popular for a century or more after Plancius introduced his 1594 map. It
in turn was based on Mercator's two-hemisphere world map of 1587. The
northern and southern celestial hemispheres came from Plancius's owm large
world map of 1592. The changes Plancius made both to Mercator's map and to
his own precursors of the 1594 map seen to have been introduced partly to
make the idea of a sea route to Asia through the arctic appear more
attractive, for Plancius was waging a personal campaign to promote Dutch
penetration into Far Eastern markets.
The first Dutch landfall in Australia was not made until 1606, so that
Magellanica was still filled with details drawn from the by then
centuries-old stories of travelers like the Polos and Lodovico di Varthema;
note Marco Polo's Lucach, Beach, and Maletur.
Nevertheless, farther to the north Java, Borneo, and the
are all recognizable, and in the arctic, an inscription indicates that
Plancius paid close attention to reports of English voyages into the polar
(Tooley & Bricker).
presentato nelle righe precedenti la carta di Plancius del 1594 con tre
riferimenti bibliografici presenti sul sito di Leen
Elmink, Antique Maps, antiquario che ha avuto la fortuna di possedere
e mettere in vendita una delle rare copie originali dell’opera.
tavola dei due emisferi terrestri (cm 40,5 per 57,5) nell’edizione che
presento riporta nella sua parte centrale, in alto e in basso, anche la
rappresentazione dei due emisferi celesti (8,5cm di diametro) calcolati
per il 1594. La tavola prodotta e messa in vendita separatamente nel 1594
fu poi inserita nell’Itinerario
di J. H. Linschoten del 1596. Nell’angolo in basso a sinistra troviamo
il riferimento all’incisore: Ioannes
à Deutecum iunior fecit.
I due emisferi celesti sono stati prodotti in proiezione stereografica
convessa e hanno come riferimento i due poli eclittici, la circonferenza
esterna è rappresentata dall’Eclittica, graduata con tacche di un grado
di longitudine e suddivisa in 12 spicchi di 30°, il reticolo eclittico è
completato da altrettante 12 linee di longitudine, quelle dei solstizi
sono graduate con tacche di un grado di latitudine. Il
reticolo polare equatoriale comprende i due poli, i circoli polari, i
circoli dei tropici, i coluri e l’equatore. Nell’emisfero sud è ben
demarcato il tracciato della Via
Lattea. Le costellazioni zodiacali sono riportate soltanto
nell’emisfero boreale, sul bordo dell’eclittica. Avendo uno scopo
didascalico i due emisferi presentano poche stelle, non distinte in classi
di grandezze, e soltanto una parte delle costellazioni tolemaiche. Oltre a
queste, denominate in latino, risaltano le seguenti costellazioni non
tolemaiche: Emisfero boreale -
Cesaries. Emisfero australe
- Columba, la costellazione di
fantasia denominata Polophilax,
quindi Crux, Triangulum Australe e le due Nubi di Magellano in posizione
di fantasia ad occupare la zona di cielo invisibile dalle latitudini
Celestial Globe di
NOCTURNAL CELESTIAL GLOBE.pdf
Coelestis in quo stellae fixae omnes quae a N viro Tychone Brahae sum a
industria accura observatae sunt.
sulle immagini per gli approfondimenti
IDEATE DA PLANCIUS
PER CORTESIA DI