There are several possible causes of blepharitis, including:
- Bacterial infection
- Meibomian gland dysfunction aka MGD
- Dry eyes
- Fungal infection
- Parasite attack (Demodex eyelash mites)
Symptoms for dry eyes often occur simultaneously with blepharitis, and it is unclear whether it is dry eyes that are the cause of the blepharitis infection, or if blepharitis causes dry eyes.
Recent studies have led medical professionals to believe that these two symptoms may form a newly identified chronic eye condition known as Dry Eye Blepharitis Syndrome (DEBS).
Blepharitis usually is correlated with an excess of bacteria around the edges of the eyelids and particularly at the follicles of the eyelashes. The bacteria propagate in time and create something medical professionals refer to as “biofilm”.
This biofilm is much like plaque that appears on teeth. It is a toxic environment that allows eyelash mites called “Demodex” feed and thrive. This results in a flourishing of these mites, and this further worsens the eyelid inflammation already in place. Within the biofilm also resides a variety of bacteria that create substances known as “exotoxins “. This can cause inflammation of meibomian glands, which are oil glands responsible for secreting oil that coats the eye’s surface. This leads to a condition known as Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD for short), which may also lead to a worsening of dry eye symptoms.
Other causes may be due to our daily routines. Our eyelids may become infected due to accumulation of oil or dirt at the roots of the lashes. Many times, inadequate removal of makeup is a major culprit.