Crude rate of increase
The ratio of total growth in a given period to the mean population of that period is called the growth rate 1. Occasionally this rate is computed with the population at the beginning of the period rather than with the mean population as a denominator. When population increase over a period of more than one calendar year is studied, the mean annual rate of growth 2 may be computed. In computing this rate it is sometimes assumed that the population is subjected to exponential growth 3 during the period, and time is treated as a continuous variable. The size of an exponential population 4 would grow as an exponential function of time. The exponential growth rate 5 is equal to the instantaneous rate of growth 5. The ratio of natural increase (701-7) to the average population during a period is called the crude rate of natural increase 6 and is equal to the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate. The vital index 7 is the ratio of the number of births to the number of deaths during a period; this measure is no longer much used.
- 3. When time is treated as a discrete variable, reference is made to geometric growth.
- 4. This is occasionally called a Malthusian population, but the term is ambiguous in view of its sociological connotations (see 906-1).
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The President’s economic report in 2006 stated the US’s recognition that it is impossible to address the current account imbalance by single country’s political efforts without cooperation among countries As practical measures for the adjustment of global imbalance, the report requires such international cooperation that the US should raise its savings rate China and other Asian countries/regions, as well as Japan and Germany should reduce their savings rate, and oil exporting countries should increase their margin of supply capacity through upstream investments in order to stabilize crude oil prices.例文帳に追加
その解決へ向けて、2006年の米国大統領経済報告では、経常収支不均衡の問題は一国だけの政策行動では解決できず、複数の国の協力が必要であるとの認識に立っている。世界的な不均衡の減少に資する具体的な対応策として、米国の貯蓄率を増加させること、中国などアジア諸国・地域、我が国やドイツなどの貯蓄率を低下させること、原油輸出国が上流投資により余剰供給能力を増加させ、原油価格を安定化させることが挙げられており、国際的な対応の必要性を指摘している。 - 経済産業省
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