Nowadays there are a lot of variety of diseases that are directly related to the blood.One of these is aplastic anemia.The symptoms of this disease appear not at once.Is it possible to cure the disease?What are the preventive measures?This is what we are and will be in this article.
Aplastic anemia is a disease of the hematopoietic system in which there is a sharp decrease in the number of blood cells, but no obvious signs of cancer.According to experts, this pathology is rare.Rooting can be both men and the fair sex, usually after 50 years.In the absence of timely treatment of aplastic anemia often leads to death.
mechanism of the disease
It is known that the formation of blood is carried out by a special group of cells, namely hematopoietic stem cells.They have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into a variety of sprouts hematopoiesis.It is formed from the last mature cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, etc.).Under the influence of a number of external or internal fa
- gradually decreasing the amount of hematopoietic stem cells;
- disrupted primary function of stem cells that entail the impossibility of formation of erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leukocytes;
defeat stem cells, in this case confirms the effectiveness of bone marrow transplants from identical twins or brothers / sisters.It is thus treated aplastic anemia in children and adults.However, transplantation is not effective from the identical twin in the event that the recipient did not receive pre-course of drugs to suppress the immune system.This fact often confirms the nature of the immune disease.
main reasons for
Unfortunately, the etiological factors of the disease are not known until the end.Experts believe that the reason may be:
- regular contacts with certain groups of chemicals;
- alcohol abuse;
- genetic predisposition;
- ionizing radiation;
- intoxication drugs;
- certain infectious diseases;
If experts can not establish a direct link with the reasons mentioned above, the disease is called idiopathic aplastic anemia.
- pale skin, bruising.
- Shortness of breath.
- weakness, fatigue, dizziness.
- ulcerative stomatitis.
- nasal or gingival bleeding.
- loss of appetite, sudden weight loss.
It's not all clinical signs may appear like aplastic anemia.The symptoms certainly differ in each case.Moreover, they are often reminiscent of other diseases of the hematopoietic system.That is why it is so important to seek timely medical advice and pass all necessary tests.There are certain standards of blood for each sex and age.If, for example, indicators of Biochemistry will be somewhat different, the doctor has already prescribe more detailed examination, and then the appropriate treatment.
Experts provisionally classified the disease origin into two types:
1.Vrozhdennaya aplastic anemia is:
- hereditary (loss of blood formation and congenital anomalies) Fanconi anemia;
- hereditary (loss hematopoiesis without congenital anomalies in the development of) anemia Oestrich-Dameshek;
- partial red cell aplasia (decreased number of red blood cells);
2.Priobretennye aplastic anemia are:
- with a total defeat of hematopoiesis;
- with the electoral defeat of erythropoiesis;
In addition, the disease is classified according to severity:
- non-severe aplastic anemia.The blood test shows high levels of certain constituents, but this is not enough compared to the norm.
- Severe aplastic anemia.Underreporting of platelets and granulocytes ritikulotsitov.
What distinguishes hemorrhagic anemia?
This is a fairly common type of anemia that is caused by a severe blood loss, resulting in a sharp decrease in hemoglobin level and the development of so-called vascular insufficiency and oxygen starvation.For a normal adult human risk arises if the amount of blood loss greater than 500 ml.
This pathology, usually occurs when the ectopic pregnancy, blood disorders or liver disease, severe blood loss after an injury or surgery.
noteworthy that the patient can in a few days are not aware of this problem.Pronounced symptoms appear 2-3 days after hemorrhage.If the patient does not receive skilled care, is very high probability of death.
This problem, like anemia hemorrhagic treatable.The doctor must first eliminate the main source of blood loss and transfusion perform colloidal solutions.
most often suspected the disease occurs after the next delivery of analyzes preventively.In anemia, reduced blood red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels increased sharply.It is important to note that the degree of reduction in content of various components may vary in each individual case.
to confirm the disease aplastic anemia, a blood test is not the sole method of diagnosis.The doctor usually appoints a more detailed examination of the patient, which includes:
- physical examination (determination of the color of the skin, blood pressure, presence of hemorrhage, and so on. D.);
- urinalysis (presence of blood is a sign of a hemorrhagic syndrome, and the presence of microorganisms - a manifestation of the nature of infectious complications);
- biochemical analysis of blood (cholesterol, glucose, uric acid);
- complete medical history (if there are bad habits, whether there is any chronic disease, whether the contact with toxic substances);
- bone marrow examination by a puncture;
What should be treated?
First of all it should be noted that only qualified approach can help patients in the fight against this disease, as aplastic anemia.Symptoms of this disease in the early stages should alert everyone.Moreover, when a primary clinical signs, it is important to immediately consult a doctor to undergo a detailed examination.
Modern medicine offers three options for therapy.Below is a look at each in more detail.
- Etiotropic treatment is recommended in the case known to cause anemia.In this situation, the main goal of therapy is a direct impact on provocation, but it is often ineffective.Patients are advised to eliminate the root cause of the disease (removal of radiation zone, the abolition of certain medications, and so on. D.).Such measures only reduce the rate of destruction of the bone marrow, but not reduced rate of blood.
- pathogenic treatment implies a removal of the mechanisms of disease.For these purposes the immunosuppressive therapy (drugs "Cyclophosphamide", "Cyclosporine").In some cases the use of these drugs allows to fully restore hematopoietic function.Also used in the treatment of anabolic steroids and corticosteroids.These drugs are not only stimulate the production of white blood cells, but also increase the protein synthesis.In severe form of the disease, doctors recommend a bone marrow transplant.The effectiveness of the operation is much higher in younger patients.Aplastic anemia in children and is treated through transplantation.
- Symptomatic therapy is used to combat specific manifestations of the disease.It includes the main components of blood transfusion, antibacterial (medicines "Fluconazole" "Norfloxacin") and the systemic antifungal therapy.
complications and consequences
- Anemic coma.Because of the rapid decrease of red blood cells to the brain virtually oxygen flows as a consequence, the person loses consciousness and does not react to external stimuli.
- bleeding complications (bleeding).The worst problem - the so-called hemorrhagic stroke, when part of the brain dies because of his blood soaking.
- deterioration of some internal organs (most often occurs in the presence of chronic diseases).
As noted somewhat higher, only qualified treatment helps to overcome such diseases as aplastic anemia.Forecast mostly favorable, but only with timely treatment to the doctor.According to available statistics, without proper treatment about 90% of patients die within one year.
most effective method of treatment recognized by bone marrow transplantation.Thus, 9 of 10 patients after surgery live more than five years.
case of impossibility of surgical intervention (drug therapy) for more than five years can live only half of the patients, and up to 40 years.
Prevention Primary prevention implies an action to prevent adverse effects on the various external factors.We are talking about respecting elementary safety precautions when interacting with sources of ionizing radiation, dyes.Furthermore, it is important to control the medication and dosage.
Secondary prevention (prevention of deterioration of the already ill person) implies a follow-up, as well as long-term maintenance treatment.
In conclusion, it should be noted that one should not be afraid of the diagnosis, as aplastic anemia.Photo of healthy people who have had this disease, prove that you can deal with the problem.In this case, a special role belongs to the timeliness of seeking the help of skilled and strict adherence to all recommendations from doctors.Be healthy!