4) The estimate by Hilbert and Lopez (2011) of the hardware capacity of merely the digital part of global information storage amounts to 363 exabytes of binary digits
, significantly larger than the IDC estimate.
After selection of significant DCT, Huffman encoding is performed to convert coefficients into binary digits
Each ASCII character can be represented by 7 binary digits
such as 1000001.
Designed and built by Paul Kocher of Cryptography Research in San Francisco and his coworkers, the new code-cracking computer incorporates more than 1,000 integrated-circuit chips specifically configured for checking the strings of 56 binary digits
that comprise DES encryption keys.
To measure the approximate entropy of the binary digits
of pi, [square root of 2], [square root of 3], and e, Pincus determined how often each of eight blocks of three consecutive digits--000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, and 111--comes up in the first 280,000 digits of the number.
He and his coworkers succeeded in creating a potentially useful, efficient linear code based not on binary digits
(0,1) but on quaternary digits (0,1,2,3).
By designating one lobe as 0 and the other as 1, the researchers can capture the trajectory's wanderings as a sequence of binary digits
Each of four bases is given a value of either 0 or 1 to generate a string of binary digits
Thus, proof checking can be done electronically when the whole procedure is encoded as strings of binary digits