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World Meteorological Day | Monitoring climate and water is inseparable from these space "artifact"
March 23 is the World Meteorological Day. This year's World Meteorological Day and World Water Day (March 22) share the same theme: "climate and water", both of which are at the core of global goals such as sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction.
△ Promotional video for World Meteorological Day
Water is the most direct and important impact area of climate change. The impact of climate change can be sensed by water. The Fengyun series meteorological satellites and GF-5 satellites, which are developed by Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, are powerful tools for observing clouds, predicting rain, monitoring climate change and reasonably using water resources.
△ In August 2019, the FY-4 satellite observed the image of typhoon Lekima
△ Monitoring map of FY-4 satellite during Sri Lanka flood in December 2019
Typhoon, rainstorm, Blizzard, drought and other weather phenomena are like a double-edged sword wrapped with advantages and disadvantages. If they happen to be at the right time and follow the rules, it will be “a good rain knows the season” and “a timely snow promises a good harvest”, but if they chop and change fantasticality, it will be frequent disasters and withered mountains and rivers.
△Monitoring map of FY-3 satellite during Sri Lanka flood in November to December 2019
△ In January 2020, during the flood in Iran, the monitoring map of FY-3 satellite
Fengyun satellite not only plays a key role in China's forecasting and monitoring of floods, droughts, typhoons and other extreme weather, ensuring agricultural, forestry and fishery production and scientific research, but also provides strong support for other parts of the world, especially the countries along the "the Belt and Road Initiative;", which reflects China's responsibility as a major country.
△ In June 2018, during the drought in Afghanistan, FY-3 satellite monitored soil moisture
From 1969, when Premier Zhou Enlai put forward the idea of "building our own meteorological satellite", to the launch of FY-1 in 1988, to the upgrading of Fengyun satellite and today's world-class technology, Chinese spaceflight experts and Chinese meteorological experts have gone through a difficult and brilliant journey together. Next, the author introduces the wind and cloud family. Next, let's see the introduction of Fengyun series.
Gaofen-5 satellite was successfully launched on May 9, 2018. It is the world's first full spectrum hyperspectral satellite capable of comprehensive observation of the atmosphere and land, further improving the quantification and refinement level of China's environmental monitoring, and providing important data support for China's response to climate change, rational utilization and protection of water resources.
△ Gaofen-5 satellite
△Main innovations of Gaofen-5 satellite
The six newly developed payloads carried by Gaofen-5 make Gaofen-5 satellite "sharp eyes". Among them, the spectral resolution of the visible spectral segment of the Advanced Hyperspectral Imager, AHSI is up to 5 nm, which can monitor the pollution of drinking water source, and accurately identify the growth and change of green algae, yellow algae and other algae in inland water by hyperspectral imaging.
△ Scanning schematic diagram of Advanced Hyperspectral Imager( AHSI)
Greenhouse gas Monitoring Instrument can obtain hyperspectral data of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases, and can be used to monitor regional atmospheric environment, analyze the "travel map" of global greenhouse gas origin and wind direction propagation, and provide basic data for climate change research and environmental diplomacy.
△ The distribution of aerosol optical depth of fine particles (AODf) over the global land. Red indicates the high content area of fine particle aerosols. Light gray areas indicate cloud coverage or no valid data.
△ the phenomenon of "Rainbow" in water cloud observed by DPC
Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) can detect the optical and microphysical parameters of global atmospheric aerosol and cloud, provide effective data for global climate change research and high-precision atmospheric radiation correction of earth observation, and realize the function of monitoring the pollution of atmospheric fine particles.
△ Scanning schematic diagram of Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC)
△ Global cloud distribution map of DPC
Source: China Meteorological Administration, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, WeChat official account of China Science Communication.