Up to now renewable energy sources are primarily used in the Netherlands for electricity production. At the end of the past decade the GAVE programme started to facilitate the introduction of gaseous and liquid fuels in the post-Kyoto period (after 2010), with the potential to realize more than 80% CO2 reduction as compared to its fossil alternative. In the first phase of the GAVE programme a large number of options for the production of climate neutral gaseous and liquid fuels were evaluated in a comprehensive study by ADL (Arthur D. Little International, Inc.). During the GAVE/ADL study, the conventional bio-transportation fuels (bio-ethanol from sugars and starch and bio-diesel from vegetable oils) were not included in the detailed analyses given their prospects for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (less than 50% CO2 reduction) and/ or because of their costs of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as compared to improved options (e.g. cellulosic based ethanol vs. sugar-based ethanol). The objective of this study is to update the knowledge on the conventional bio-transportation fuels. The data on costs and environmental performance of conventional bio-transportation fuels in recent studies are analysed and compared with the GAVE/ADL study. Developments with respect to feedstock and conversion processes are described and reviewed. Current commercial activities in different countries are summarised. Finally, the prospects for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the Netherlands by conventional bio-transportation fuels are determined and socio-economic issues relevant for these fuels are described.
|Place of Publication||Utrecht|
|Number of pages||49|
|Publication status||Published - 2003|
|Name||Report / Netherlands Agency for Energy and Environment|
- biological production
- diesel oil
- environmental impact