Architectural project and realities of construction.
Have you ever wondered why the buildings created several centuries ago have survived and perform their function today.
Of course, this is the strength of building materials, the right approach to operation, a favorable environment, but above all it is the accuracy of the structure it self.
A good building must comply with the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, usually known in the original translation – strength, benefit and beauty.
- The strength, is the durability of the building determines the time, the structure must be stable and remain in good condition.
- Usefulness – unquestionable compliance with its purpose.
- Beauty is the aesthetic perception of a building.
According to Vitruvius (one of the first Roman architects), every architect should strive to best perform all these attributes.
What helps designers to create perfect architectural forms and buildings?
It is true that no house, building or any smallest architectural unit can be realized without a project – a conceptual idea reflected on paper, detailed planning, miscalculations, clear application of building codes and actions.
What is design, what are the design stages? What details of project creation should you pay the most attention to? This is what this article will be about.
First of all, it is necessary to analyze, come up with, calculate all the details in order for the end result to be reliable and durable. With the help of architectural design the idea is formed and fixed, the social purpose is described, the ideal model of material and spatial environment is created. A separate unit is created, which fits into the complex architectural environment.
Architectural design is an activity aimed at creating new spatial forms. In construction, architectural design is one of the most important stages. It is at this stage that the purpose and purpose of construction is described and recorded. Creative and individual process, the result of which is the improvement of life.
The most important thing! Architectural projects must be realistic to implement. That is why the project is staffed by specialists of various professional training, including architects and designers with engineers and builders. Everyone contributes, ensuring the future quality of the building.
So the stages of architectural design and project stages.
The architect must immediately take into account the overall planning, all the necessary engineering systems and, if possible, hide it in architectural forms or, conversely, emphasize using certain engineering elements.
The second stage is the concept. Under the concept we understand the development of spatial planning solutions, and the main technical and economic indicators of real estate, as well as the definition of functional zoning options.
The concept, as the second stage of architectural design, makes it possible to assess the potential of the created object and clearly outline further work. To get a general idea of the designed object, to make a general assessment – it is necessary at this stage of architectural design. Also at this stage we can imagine and assess how well the object fits into the current architectural environment.
After creating the concept, a sketch project is developed, here the customer gets a clear idea of the future building. The sketch project includes:
- scheme of the general plan with the reference of the house and constructions
- landscaping scheme
- floor plans
- facades in color
- schemes of sections
- perspective images.
The next stage is a working project – the structures of all elements of the building, water supply, sewerage, heating, ventilation, electrical networks, explanatory note and supporting documentation are developed here.
The working project consists of:
- master plan;
- explanatory note;
- passport of appearance of a facade;
- constructive solutions;
- water supply solutions;
- also solving other technical problems.
The final stage of architectural design is the author’s supervision, which is embodied in the construction phase of the building. During the author’s supervision, regular visits to the site are carried out to control and ensure the compliance of design solutions with the construction.
During the author’s supervision the following are checked:
- niches and openings for engineering networks (water supply, electricity supply, gamification, low-current networks)
- if necessary, the necessary adjustments are made to the design and estimate documentation
- the execution of construction works is controlled according to the architectural project.
It is also worth talking about the types of architectural design.
There are: typical, individual and experimental design.
Typical design is the creation of projects of buildings and structures of the same type intended for multiple construction and production.
Individual design – is developed according to the personal wishes of the customer and taking into account the specific features of each object. The advantage of individual design is the ability to implement a list of personal requirements of the client
Experimental design is created to test in practice new progressive scientific and technical developments in the field of urban planning.
Taking into account all the above aspects and prerequisites, everyone can choose for themselves what kind and type of design he needs. However, we can say with confidence that the analysis and the correct conceptual approach to the creation of an architectural project – the key to success and easy future construction.