What is?Pengkomputeran/pengkomputanteragih:Merujukkepadapersekitaranrangkaianatautopologi yang melibatkanpenggunaanbeberapakomputeruntukprosesmembuatkeputusan, penyimpanan fail danfungsirangkaian lain tidakberpusat. Persekitaraninibiasanyaterdapatdalamaplikasiklien-pelayandansenibinarakan-ke-rakan. Contohnyadalamsituasiperniagaan, pengkomputanteragihmelibatkanpelaksanaanpelbagailangkahprosesperniagaandistesenkliendansebahagiannyapadapelayanuntukmempercekapprosestransaksi. (DewanBahasadanPustaka)PurposeFunction
Cloud computing uses the Internet to shift many computer activities typically housed on the user’s computer to other computers or servers on the Internet. This new concept frees users from storing software & data on their hard drives & also provides access to these services from anywhere in the world through an Internet connection.
The Client component includes corporations & end users who want access to data, programs, & storage anytime, anywhere through an Internet connection. There is nothing to buy, install, or maintain on a user’s computer.
The Internet, which provides the connections between the clients & the providers. Two critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are the speed of the Internet & the Internet’s capability to provide safe & reliable transmission of data & programs.
Service providers: which are organizations that are connected to the Internet willing to provide access to software, data, & storage for a fee or perhaps even for free. An example is Google Apps, which provides free access to programs with capabilities similar to Microsoft’s Word, Excel & PowerPoint.
Top companies such as IBM, Intel, Google, Yahoo are pursuing & beginning to offer cloud computing. Using cloud computing, a computer with less storage, memory, or processing can run the same applications as a more powerful computer.
Computing: Takrifan -Perkakasandanperisiankomputer, penggunaan, carakerjadanhal-hal lain yang berkaitandengankemudahandankeperluanuntukpenggunamenggunakankomputer. (DewanBahasadanPustaka)
Transcript of "Topic 1.1 development of it"
DC015 Session 2012/2013 Topic 1 1.1 Development of Information Technology DC015 Present by : Amrizah Ahmad Basra Unit Teknologi Maklumat, Jabatan Matematik, KMNS email@example.com 1
Define Information Technology. Briefly describe the development of Information Technology. 2
Information Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition.asp http://ccs.mit.edu/21c/iokey.html computer hardware store, retrieve & information and software manipulate 3
Information Technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is “the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems”. 4
The development of IT from stand-alone computer, mainframe, client-server, distributed computing and the latest trend which is the cloud computing. 5
A personal computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself. or A personal computer that is not connected to any other computer or network, except possibly through a modem. 6
Contains a processor, memory, one or more input, output, and storage devices. Also often contain a communication device. Two types of personal computers are desktop computers and notebook computers. 7
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user). 8
Mainframe computers are typically: Powerful: • They can process vast amounts of data, very quickly, or in other words • They are capable of great processing speed & data storage. • Example: Insurance company uses mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders. Large: • Able to store tremendous amounts of data, instructions & information. • Physically, they are often kept in special, air-conditioned rooms; used by large businesses, government offices, or universities. 9
Mainframe computers are typically: Multi-user: • They allow several users (sometimes hundreds) to use the computer at the same time, connected via remote terminals (screens and keyboards), therefore a high- performance computer used for large-scale computing purposes. 10
Example: If you used an automated teller machine (ATM) to interact with your bank account, you used a mainframe. 11
Computers connected together to create a network which fall into two categories: clients (workstations) and servers. The Client The ServerComputer on a network that requests Computer that controls access to theresources from the server. Also called hardware, software, and othera workstation. resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. Note: Server can be a mainframe computer used in a network environment. 12
Servers are special, powerful computers that provide ‘services’ to the client computers on the network. These services might include: • Providing a central, common file storage area • Sharing hardware such as printers • Controlling who can or can’t have access the network • Sharing Internet connections 13
Client-server network: Network in which one or more computers act as a server, and the other computers (clients) on the network request services from the server. 14
An architecture in which the users PC (the client) is the requesting machine, and the server is the supplying machine, both of which are connected via a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet. 15
1. Request sent for: Client: http://www.yahoo.com Server:Your computer with With addressa Web browser such http://www.yahoo.comas Google Chrome 2. Web document sent back to client by server 3. This is what displayed through your Web browser 16
Distributed computing is a distributed system consists of multiple autonomous (independent) computers that communicate through a computer network. The purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared resources or provide communication services to all users. It is used to solve complicated tasks by dividing them into sub tasks that can run by the collection of computers having network. Therefore, it is a type of system that divides a workload to computers connected to a network to achieve a common target. 17
The computers that are in a distributed system can be connected by local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN). And can consist of any number of possible configurations, such as mainframes, personal computers, workstations & minicomputers to make such network as a single system. A common architecture of distributed computing is the client- server network that involved large scale computing. 18
Example of Distributed Computing: • Logistic System For example, a client can provide a form onto which a user can enter orders for a product. The Internet client sends this order information to the server, which checks the product database & perform tasks that are needed for billing & shipping. Dozens or hundreds of clients can interact with a few servers that control database access. 19
Logistic System: • A client can provide a form onto which a user can enter orders for a product. The client sends this order information to the server, which checks the product database & perform tasks that are needed for billing & shipping. 21
Cloud computing is an Internet service that provides computing needs to computer users, whereby data is stored at a server on the Internet & available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. 22
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing whereby shared resources, software & information are provided to computers & other devices on-demand (i.e. mobile devices). Types of mobile devices: • Smart phone • PDA Mobile communication device • Handheld computer • Portable media player • Digital camera 23
Acts as a new model for computing that frees users from owning, maintaining & storing software & data. Example of Cloud Application: • Dropbox is a Web-based file hosting service operated by Dropbox, Inc. that uses cloud computing to enable users to store & share files & folders with others across the Internet using file synchronization. 24
The basic components of cloud computing are clients, the Internet, &service providers. The Client: • Includes corporations & end users who want access to data, programs, & storage anytime, anywhere through an Internet connection. 25
The Internet: • Provides the connections between the clients & the providers. Two critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing are: 1. The speed of the Internet 2. The Internet’s capability to provide safe & reliable transmission of data & programs. 26
Service providers: • Organizations that are connected to the Internet willing to provide access to software, data, & storage for a fee or perhaps even for free. • An example is Google Apps, which provides free access to programs with capabilities similar to Microsoft’s Word, Excel & PowerPoint. 27
Service providers: • Top companies such as IBM, Intel, Google, Yahoo are pursuing & beginning to offer cloud computing. • Using cloud computing, a computer with less storage, memory, or processing can run the same applications as a more powerful computer. 28
Definition of Information TechnologyInformation Technology (IT) is defined as the use of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve, and manipulate information. 29
This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories of computers. This is a general guideline because of rapid changes in technology.Categories of ComputersCategory Physical Size Users General CharacteristicsStand-alone computer Fits on a desk Usually one (can Able to perform all of its input, be more if processing, output, and storage networked) activities by itself.Mainframes Partial room to a Hundreds to A large, expensive, powerful full room of thousands computer that can handle hundreds equipment or thousands of connected users simultaneously (multi-user).Clients / Fits on a desk One to hundreds Computer on a network that requests resources from the server. Also called a workstation.Servers Small cabinet Two to Computer that controls access to the thousands hardware, software, and other resources on a network, and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. 30
This table summarizes some of the differences among the categories of computing. This is a general guideline because of rapid changes in technology.Categories of Computing Category Components Users General CharacteristicsDistributed Mainframes, Hundreds to A type of system that divides aComputing personal thousands workload to computers connected computers, to a network to achieve a common workstations & target. minicomputersCloud Computing Clients, the Hundreds to Is an Internet service that provides Internet, & thousands computing needs to computer service users, whereby data is stored at a providers. server on the Internet & available anywhere the Internet can be accessed. 31
Discussion1. List three(3) types of mobile communication devices2. List all stages of Information Technology development.3. Briefly describe cloud computing.4. Give one (1) benefit of cloud computing.5. Give one (1) benefit of cloud computing to small and medium business organization. 33
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