Early detection and diagnosis of chronic disease is of vital importance in the development of an effective treatment plan. Typical diagnostic methodology involves a multistep approach consisting of a differential diagnosis, pattern recognition, and a final clinical component. The lengthy process must be completed before any treatment options are considered often resulting in over/under diagnosis, error, and lag-time. It would be of great benefit to develop a more effective system to heighten the potential advantages of early diagnosis. Current research involves the use of analytical techniques as diagnostic tools for a variety of chronic illnesses. IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy, as well as Mass Spectrometry have been successfully utilized in the detection of brain, bone/joint, and endocrine disorders, as well as genetic disease, syndromes of internal organs, and cancer. These technologies have proven to be more efficient and less invasive than classical techniques proving that further advancement in this field would be advantageous to the medical community.
The diagnostic process has both medical and economic implications. Early diagnosis of…
Since ancient Greece, humanity has become fascinated with science. The development of new technologies that will further the existence of mankind, has been the goal for many great scientists. Through centuries of experimenting, the mid-evil era of alchemy, and many years after, Chemistry became a topic of much importance. During the 1800’s, science had become one of the most rapidly growing fields as explanations for how things work, or the technological progression allowing us to discover more.…
Compare and contrast the crystal structures and crystal chemistry of
quartz, α-FePO4 and β-FePO4.
The structural evolution of FePO4 arises due to the deviation in temperatures
from 294K to 1073K via a process known as the neutron powder diffraction. This
happens when the temperature of 980K is reached to result in the α to β
transition. There are however certain observations of discontinuities in structural
parameters during this transition. The stark contrast is that during the α phase,
Light spectroscopy has become an incredibly useful tool in analyzing the structure and composition of compounds. Specifically, the principles of absorption, the process by which an electron absorbs radiation to excite from a lower energy state to a higher energy state, and fluorescence, the emission of photons when a material is subjected to radiation, allow for the identification and analysis of unknown concentrations of compounds.1
With that being said, the purpose of this experiment is to…
In the paper, FePO4 was studied in through neutron powder diffraction across a wide range of temperatures, and was found to have 2 states in general, the α (alpha) phase and β ( beta ) phase. The alpha phase exhibits a tetrahedral structure, which is similar to alpha quartz, and this occurs during generally low temperatures. In the case of this paper, the temperatures experimented on were between 294K and 1073K. The beta phase, however, is denser and exhibits a octahedral structure. The…
In our previous report, 21 we investigated the influence of formulation variables of clotrimazole-loaded cubic liquid crystalline nanoparticles. The composition of chitosan tailored cubic nanoparticles was optimized employing central composite design. The findings of Small angle X-ray scattering analysis confirmed the presence of D and P cubic phases in nanoparticles. Most importantly, considerable improvement in mucin binding was observed upon incorporation of chitosan owing to electrostatic…
The FTIR spectrum of PVA/CS nanofiber was shown in Fig. 1(a). The band at 3255.32 cm−1 was corresponded to -OH stretching and the peaks at 1025.6 and 1450.04 cm−1 for the -C-O band. The peaks at 3445.32 cm-1, 2965 cm-1, 1640.01cm-1, 1598.7 cm-1, and 1361 cm-1 are due to amine NH symmetric vibration, C-H vibration, deformation vibration of the absorbed water molecules, stretching vibration of amino group of chitosan and vibration of C-H, respectively. The peaks at 890.1 and 1100 cm-1 was…
Observation & Calculations for Nanorefrigerant
Graph of C.O.P. vs. Nanoparticle Concentration for Nanorefrigerant.
C.O.P RESULTS WHEN NANOPARTICLE MIXED IN R134A & POE OIL
Figure 5.1. Graph of nanorefrigerant C.O.P vs. nanolubricant C.O.P.
5.2. GRAPH OF PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN THE COP OF THE SYSTEM
Figure5.2. Graph of percentage C.O.P of nanorefrigerantvs. nanolubricant.
Here the result shows the percentage change in the C.O.P when the air conditioning test rig run on the nanorefrigerant and…
or characterized by the use of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation not only includes light (or photons), but thermal energy as well. While the electromagnetic spectrum consists of wavelengths between gamma radiation and the Far IR, most spectrophotometric methods rely on the UV and visible region. In order to use spectrophotometric methods, the sample being analyzed must be able to absorb the energy (photon) used to excite the sample. UV-Vis and other optical instruments measure…
The FePO4 crystal is examined at various temperatures ranging between 294K
and 1073K by neutron powder diffraction. At relatively low temperatures, FePO4
adopts an α-quartz structure, which is tetrahedral. High pressures causes a
phase change to a more dense octahedral structure, which is known as β-phase.
The transition temperature is 980K. Cutoffs can be observed during the firstorder
transition,. For α-phase, the increases in cell parameters…