One thing I need clarity on is how the math from this article works. It's seems kind of like pizza math, the quantity of the pizza goes up with the square of its radius.
The climate change effect is probably only a 5 to 10% effect in terms of the instability and subsequent rainfall, but it translates into up to a 32% effect in terms of damage. (It is highly nonlinear).
The force that the wind can produce goes up by the square of the wind speed. For example if the wind speed is 50 MPH and then increases by 21 mph the force produced doubles. Now as power equals force times velocity, the power of the wind goes up by the cube of the wind speed and thus a wind speed of increase of just 12 MPH in this case doubles the power of the wind and is likely to double the amount of damage done by the wind. So a small increase in wind speed has a dramatic effect on likely levels of damage.
If temperatures increase this will lead to higher levels of water vapor in the atmosphere. Now this increases energy in the atmosphere primarily because water vapor when it condenses back to a liquid gives out heat which in turn increases the vertical speed of rising air masses. At ground level this translates to higher surface winds.