MLA Style Basics
By Joan Whetzel
Writing academic papers at the college or high level means knowing how to cite references properly and it means creating a bibliography. The process here makes use of the MLA writing and citation methods. The MLA stylebook can be purchased at a major book store, online or at a college book store. If need be you can always borrow a copy from a friend or from the library, or even access it online. Some of the university’s have online writing labs with condensed instructions for each of the writing styles.
MLA Writing Style Format
MLA format does not make use of a title page. In the upper, left-hand corner of the paper’s first page, list the title, the writer’s name, the instructors name, the course, and the date. MLA style is generally used to write literature, arts and humanities papers. The basic MLA formatting is as follows:
· Don’t underline or italicize the title or use quotation marks.
· Type the paper using Times New Roman, 12-pt. font.
· Double space the paper.
· Use 1-inch margins all around.
· Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches (about 5 spaces).
· Divide the material into smaller sections using section subheadings.
· Cite the paper using parenthetical citations or endnotes.
· Place the endnotes page after the body of the paper, but before the bibliography.
· The bibliography goes at the end of the paper.
MLA Citation Style
Begin paraphrased and summarized material with a phrase such as “According to the Red Cross…” or “President Obama says…” Short quotations (1 to 2 sentences) are surrounded with quotation marks. Longer quotes are indented by 5 spaces (about ½ inch). To cite paraphrasing, summarization, and quotes, use parenthetical citations at the end of the sentence, but before the period. The basic format is: Single authors (author last name, page number). Multiple authors (author1, author 2, author 3, page number). No author (shortened and italicized title, page number).
When including website resources, URLs are no longer required in MLA format because the websites change too frequently. Website and other electronic medium bibliography entries need to include: Author. Article Name. Website. Version Number. Publisher Information. Page number (if listed). Electronic Format (i.e. DVD, CD, Website). Download Date. <URL if teacher requires it.>
Example: Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept. 2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008. ‹http://classics.mit.edu/›.
TenBrook, Catherine. "Re: Architectural Drawings." Message to the author. 29 Aug., 2011. E- mail.
Discussion Groups and Forums
Editor, screen name, author/ compiler (if listed). "Title of posting." Forum Site Name. Version number (if listed). Institution/ Organization associated with the site. Medium of publication. Download date.
Digital files (PDF, MP3, JPEG)
Smith, George. “Pox Americana: Strife in a Time of Peace.” 2005. Microsoft Word file.
Bentley, Phyllis. “Yorkshire and the Novelist.” The Kenyon Review 30.4 (1968): 509-22.
JSTOR. PDF file.
Maroon 5. Moves Like Jagger Hands, on Hands All Over. [MP3}. ASIN: B0059H09DC
Downloaded from Amazon http://www.amazon.com/Moves-Like- Jagger/dp/B0059H09DC/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=dmusic&qid=1313952847&sr=1-5
Shocked, M. Over the Waterfall, on Arkansas Traveler. New York: PolyGram Music (1992). CD.
Title. Director. Actors. Distributor. Year of Release. Medium.
The General Bibliography rules includes the following rules:
· Label the resources page as “List of Works Cited.”
· Double space between resource entries.
· Indent second and subsequent lines on entries, but leave the first line flush left.
· List page numbers as pages 225-50.
· For several entries by the same author, replace the author’s name with three dashes.
Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. [...]
--- A Rhetoric of Motives. [...]
· Write book, newspaper, and magazine titles in italics. Write article names encapsulated within quotation marks.
· Authors are listed last name, first name. List the author’s degrees after their name but do not use titles (Dr., Mr., etc.)
· For works with no author, begin with the entry with the title.
· For interviews performed by the writer, list: Name of Person Interviewed. Personal Interview. Date Interviewed.
· For broadcast or published interviews used as a resource, list: Name of Person Interviewed. Interviewed by (interviewer’s name), Show or Publication (that broadcast or published the interview). Date. Page Numbers (for print interviews). Print/Broadcast.
This is just a basic style guide. For more information, consult the MLA Stylebook or go online and visit any of the University online writing labs that give more examples and further explanation.
Essay Town: Citation of Research Paper
Duke University Libraries: Citing Sources
Long Island University: Citation Style for Research Papers
Master Papers: Help with Research Paper Citations
Purdue University: Purdue Online Writing Lab
Capitol Community College: A Guide for Writing Research Papers Based on MLA Documentation
More by this Author
Narrative and Descriptive essays are two of the types of essays that students learne to write in elementary and middle school. The use unique formats and styles to tell short stories.
When writing essays, articles, books, or any other type of writing, one of the decisions that needs to be made is whether to formal or informal voice. Learn what they are and how and when to use them.
Plexiglass and tempered glass are great for using in situations where you don't want broken glass with sharp edges going everywhere. THey have functions and uses that are unique to each type of glass.
No comments yet.