A social insurance system provides benefits for old age, disability, and survivorship in addition to worker's compensation for injury and unemployment, and family allowances. These programs are financed by 38% contributions from employers in agriculture and industry, and 1% from employees (23% if self-employed). The government contributes the whole cost of social pensions for those who are excluded from coverage from the national social security system. Medical care is available to all residents. Moldova has comprehensive legislation for the protection of children, including programs for paid maternity leave, a birth grant, and family allowances.
Although women are accorded equal rights under the law, they are underrepresented in government and other leadership positions. Nevertheless, the president of the country's largest bank is a woman, and women constitute a growing percentage of public-sector managers. Several women's organizations participate in political or charitable activities. Domestic violence remains a problem and is rarely prosecuted.
The constitution provides for equality under the law regardless of race, sex, disability, religion, or social origin, but discrimination persists. Violations occur particularly against the Romani and Moldovan speakers in the separatist Transnistrian region. Human rights are generally observed and respected, although there were reports of mistreatment of prisoners and detainees. Prison conditions remain harsh.