The Bureau of Mines studied the efect of alloy additions on abrasive wear of low-alloy steels. A dry-sand, rubber-wheel abrasion test apparatus using ASTM g65-81 procedure b was used for the abrasive wear tests. Eighty-six material heat-treatment combinations were abrasion tested. Results of these tests were analyzed statistically using regression analysis to see if additions of cr, mn, mo, ni, si, al, cu, and s were significant in affecting the abrasive wear rate of low-alloy steels. Regression analysis was also used to confirm hardness and c affect on the abrasive wear rate of these steels. It was found that for all the steels taken as a group, increased amounts of mn significantly reduced the wear rate, while increased amounts of mo and si increased the wear rate. Analysis also confirmed previous research done by others, that increasing hardness and amounts of c reduced the wear rate. For the hardened steels taken as a class, only increasing amounts of c and mn reduced the wear rate, while increases in si increased the wear rate. In the class of unhardened steels, increases in c, mn, and s reduced the wear rate, whereas increases in mo increased the wear rate. The steels with the best resistance to wear were two hardened experimental steels similar to aisi 1055 and aisi 1078.