Figure S1. Afterimages with images and mirror images for an asymmetric letter “b” seen by the observers # 3 and 16 with dyslexia.; Figure S2. Afterimages with images and mirror images for an asymmetric letter “C” seen by the observers # 22 and 24 with dyslexia.; Figure S3. Blue cone-free area outlines and afterimage dominances for the five members with dyslexia of the family of observer #29. from Left–right asymmetry of the Maxwell spot centroids in adults without and with dyslexia
journal contributionposted on 09.10.2017 by Albert Le Floch, Guy Ropars
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(a) Scheme of the asymmetric letter “b” used as stimulus, with its fixation point (red cross). (b) Reconstructed afterimages observed by dyslexic observer #3. In the CW regime, the dyslexic student sees a superposition of the initial letter “b” and also its mirror image “d” (top). Amazingly, using a pulse-width modulation light-emitting diode (modulation frequency equal 70 Hz, duty cycle of 20%, no visible flickering), the extra mirror-image “d” is suppressed (bottom) and the reading skills are restored. (c) Reconstructed triple “b” afterimage observed in usual CW lighting regime by dyslexic observer #16 (top). Here the fixation binocular instability induces a more complex triple “b” afterimage. Using the pulse-width modulation light-emitting diode, a single “b” afterimage is also recovered (bottom), restoring the reading skills for this observer.; (a) Scheme of the asymmetric letter “C” used as stimulus. (b) Reconstructed afterimage seen by observer #22 using a continuous lamp (top), and the afterimage seen by the same observer, using a pulse-width modulation light-emitting diode at 84 Hz and a 20 % duty cycle (bottom). (c) Reconstructed afterimage seen by observer #24 using a continuous lamp (top). The inter-hemispheric projection is here vertically deviated. Bottom: the afterimage seen by the same observer, using a pulse-width modulation light-emitting diode. The correct afterimage is also restored.; The circular outlines of the blue cone-free areas for each member show a complete lack of asymmetry. The symmetry of the Maxwell's centroids corresponds to an undetermined afterimage dominance separately observed for all members.