Methods, Measures, and Views of Sports Aggression
This chapter provides a brief introductory or refresher course intended to familiarize the reader with the basics of experimental research. Several sources of biasing influences are described, with each followed by the steps typically taken to control for their influence. Three traditional behavioral measures of laboratory aggression are reviewed, followed by four more recently developed laboratory measures. Self-reports of aggression, objective inventory measures, and projective techniques are described and evaluated. Attention is directed to the use of archival records as a source of data well suited to investigations of sport aggression. A concluding section traces the development of theory intended to account for aggressive behavior. Early instinctual explanations were displaced by the frustration–aggression hypothesis, aggressive cue theory, and social learning theory. The popular and persistent notion of catharsis is reviewed and found to be lacking empirical support.
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