Gastrin measurement is used in the investigation of patients with achlorhydria or pernicious anemia, in the control of patients with possible Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and in the diagnosis of gastrinoma.
Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the G-cells of the stomach antrum and the islets of the Langerhans in the pancreas. Gastrin secretion is stimulated by alkalinity, gastric emptying, stimulation of the pulmonary gastric nerve (such as chewing, by stimulating taste and smell), and by the presence of peptides, amino acids, or alkaloids. The secretion of gastrin is inhibited by gastric acidity through a negative feedback system. Gastrin is absorbed into the blood and returns to the stomach, where it stimulates gastric acid secretion mediated by histamine. Other effects of gastrin include increased gastrointestinal tract motility and stimulation of insulin secretion, pepsin and endogenous factor. Gastrin catabolism occurs in the kidneys.
Intake of foods with a high protein content, as well as hypoglycaemia caused by insulin, result in an increase in gastrin secretion.
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increase: Achillitis, anemia (malignant), atrophic gastritis, carcinoma (stomach), Crohn's disease, duodenal ulcer, elderly, gastric ulcer, G-cell hyperplasia (stomach ulcer), H. pylori (chronic), hyperparathyroidism, hypochondria, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, peptic ulcer (with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), gastric dilated pyloric obstruction, kidney disease (chronic, end-stage), sarcoidosis, short-term syndrome, Zollinger-Ellison. Medications: acetylcholine, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, cholinergics, insulin, lansoprazole, proton pump inhibitors.
- Decrease: - Medications: anticholinergic, tricyclic antidepressants.
Laboratory test results are the most important parameter for the diagnosis and monitoring of all pathological conditions. 70%-80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correct interpretation of laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased".
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be interpreted in relation to each individual case and family history, clinical findings and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your personal physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and we contact your doctor to get the best possible medical care.