A psychological portrait is a complex psychological characteristic of a person, containing a description of his inner warehouse and possible actions in certain significant circumstances. In fact, the psychological portrait resembles the portraits of skilled artists. The latter tried to convey not so much external correspondence as internal, sought by means of facial expressions and postures to give the viewer a hint about what kind of person is depicted on the canvas.
Therefore, if you want to make a psychological portrait (your own or another person), then in many ways you are similar to an artist or writer. It is necessary to collect certain information, carefully analyze it and draw appropriate conclusions about the inner world.
Why do I need to make a psychological portrait?
- He plays a significant role in choosing a profession. Especially if you do not know which university to go to or what job to get. As you know, if a person is located for a specific activity and is sufficiently motivated, he will achieve great success.
- It helps to better understand a person and his emotions by analyzing behavior, facial expressions, gestures and speech. Profiling teaches this globally.
- Reveal a lie. If you made a psychological portrait of a person’s personality, you can notice when he behaves incongruently - that is, when body language contradicts words.
- In the event that you are a businessman, a portrait will help you understand what your typical client is. This will make the right strategic and tactical decisions.
Drawing up a psychological portrait is not a matter of a couple of minutes. It takes a lot of time, patience and pitfalls. However, if you are serious, you can learn this technique in a few weeks. You can start with your friends or celebrities.
How to make a psychological portrait
There are several different ways to create a psychological portrait. One of the most popular and at the same time effective - through the analysis of personality traits.
The main personality traits are ten:
- ability to communicate,
- strong-willed qualities
- level of self-control
Let's consider each separately.
Temperament. This personality trait is the most important for the preparation of a psychological portrait (and the most noticeable manifestation), because it generally reflects the work of the psyche - inhibited or more mobile. Some people are slow, calm, unperturbed - their emotional states are replaced very rarely. Other impulsive, fast, prone to violent emotional reactions. As a rule, it is enough to observe a relatively small amount of time for a person in order to almost accurately determine what type of temperament he has.
The following classification of temperaments is considered canonical:
- Phlegmatic: unperturbed, unhurried, outwardly stingy with the manifestation of emotions, has a steady mood.
- Choleric: impetuous, fast and at the same time unbalanced. His mood is rapidly changing and emotional outbreaks occur.
- Melancholic: inclined to constantly experiencing and chewing on the events of his life and is keenly responsive to external factors. He is emotionally vulnerable and heightened impressive.
- Sanguine: hot, lively, agile, with a quick reaction to all the events happening around him. If he is motivated, then he is quite productive, but he cannot overpower himself if the work seems to him uninteresting and boring.
Character. This is a set of stable individual personality traits.
Four groups of character traits are distinguished:
- Attitude to work: accuracy, diligence, conscientiousness, a penchant for creativity, initiative, laziness, dishonesty, passivity.
- Attitude to other people: sensitivity and responsiveness, sociability, respect for other people, callousness, isolation, rudeness.
- Attitude to things: frugal or neglect, neatness or sloppiness.
- Self-attitude: self-criticism, modesty, self-esteem, selfishness, arrogance, vanity.
Motivation. This is a psychophysiological process that controls the behavior of a person, setting his activity, orientation, stability and organization.
Each person should have a motive for something - a generalized image of material or ideal objects of value to him.
It is also important to know whether the person with whom you are creating the portrait is motivated internally or externally.
Abilities. These are personality traits that are conditions for the successful implementation of a certain type of activity. They do not come down to skills, abilities and knowledge, but rather to the depth, speed and strength of mastering techniques and methods of activity.
There is also the concept of addiction and giftedness. The first is the motivational component of the activity. The second is a qualitative combination of abilities, given from birth or developed in childhood.
Emotionality. This is the ability of a person to reflect the content of experiences, moods, character. Also - a response to the outside world.
Emotionality is closely related to temperament. For example, choleric people instantly replace emotions, while phlegmatic people are very slow, and melancholic prone to apathy and depression.
Intelligence. This is a system of mental processes that ensure the realization of a person’s ability to assess a situation, make a decision and regulate his behavior in accordance with this.
However, this is a complex parameter. Often you may think that a person is unbearably stupid, but later you will be surprised when he will show his intelligence in another area of life. This is because there are so many types of it: spatial, physical-kinetic, spatial, logical-mathematical, musical, naturalistic, intrapersonal. In a word, if a person is not able to conduct a competent dialogue, this does not necessarily indicate its limitations.
Ability to communicate. In different interactions, a person can manifest himself in different ways for the reason that his internal attitudes, beliefs, as well as his emotional state change, when, for example, a third person enters a room during a dialogue.
Therefore, the ability to communicate should be considered from different angles, given the internal attitudes of the person.
Strong-willed qualities. This is a person’s ability to make decisions based on the thought process and direct his thoughts and actions in accordance with the decision.
When compiling a psychological portrait, you must understand whether a person is able to make difficult decisions, whether he is backing away from his word, and how successfully he can discipline himself and be patient.
Level of self-control. This is the ability to control your emotions, thoughts and behavior. It is very closely connected with volitional qualities and with the concept of mental self-regulation.
Simply put, you need to understand whether a person can sacrifice momentary pleasures to achieve greater success in life.
Self-esteem. This is a person’s idea of the importance of his personality, activities among other people and the evaluation of himself, his own qualities and feelings, advantages and disadvantages.
Self-esteem can be underestimated, overstated and adequate, which is what you need to find out.
After you have described in detail the person (or yourself) in all respects, proceed with the preparation of a psychological portrait. You can do this using different questionnaires:
- The level of subjective control J. Rotter.
- Individually typological questionnaire L.N. Dog
- Questionnaire R. Kettela.
- Characterological Questionnaire of Leonhard.
However, you can make a psychological portrait based on your own considerations. When there is enough information, some conclusions can be drawn about how this person will react in a given situation. Good luck!
Profession and psychological portrait of a person
In psychological portraits of individuals, three types of people are distinguished:
1. - with orientation at the present moment and easy adaptation to the situation. These people work better when making decisions.
2. - with a focus on the past, capable of acting within the framework of permits and prohibitions, rights and obligations. This type implements these solutions better.
3. - with a future orientation, with inadequate situational behavior, poorly adapted to the vertical of power in the team. People of this type are better implemented as a generator of ideas.
Making up psychological portrait of a person, you need to learn to know yourself and other people, to identify temperament, character, personality orientation, attitude to activities and life, goals and life situations, expected emotional behavior in tense situations and interpersonal relationships, business qualities.
Personality of a person in a psychological portrait of a person:
Each person is an individual, in each individual basic and programming personality traits are distinguished.
The basic ones include: temperament, character, ability. Through them, emotionality, pace of reactions, dynamism, sensitivity, activity are revealed.
To programmers - focus, intelligence, self-awareness.
Based on the properties of individuality, a psychological portrait of a person’s personality is compiled.
What a psychological portrait of a person’s personality consists of
Some are fast, impetuous, mobile, prone to violent emotional reactions, others are slow, calm, calm, with imperceptibly expressed feelings, etc. The reason for such differences lies in the person’s temperament inherent in him from birth.
2.Character (accentuation of character)
Character (Greek - “chasing”, “imprint”) is a set of stable individual personality traits that take shape and manifest in activity and communication, which determine its typical behaviors.
In the structure of character there are 4 groups of traits that express the attitude of the individual to a certain side of the activity:
to work (for example, industriousness, a penchant for creativity, conscientious work, responsibility, initiative, perseverance and the opposite traits - laziness, a penchant for routine work, irresponsibility, passivity),
to other people, team, society (for example, sociability, sensitivity, responsiveness, respect, collectivism and the opposite of them - isolation, callousness, soullessness, rudeness, contempt, individualism),
to myself (for example, self-esteem, correctly understood pride and the associated self-criticism, modesty and the opposite to them - conceit, sometimes turning into vanity, arrogance, resentment, egocentrism, selfishness),
to things (for example, accuracy, thrift, generosity or, on the contrary, avarice, etc.).
Abilities are divided into general and special. General abilities can predetermine a tendency to a fairly wide range of activities, they are formed by the development of intelligence and personality traits.
The general ability acts as a socio-psychological basis for the development of special abilities for a certain type of activity: musical, research, teaching, etc.
The orientation of the personality is based on the motivation of its activity, behavior, and satisfaction of needs. The focus is on the task, on communication, on oneself.
The core of intelligence is a person’s ability to distinguish essential properties in a situation and bring their behavior in line with them. Intelligence - This is a system of mental processes that ensure the realization of a person’s ability to assess a situation, make a decision, and accordingly regulate his behavior.
Mind and will to some extent obey us, while emotions always arise and act in addition to our will and desire. They reflect personal significance and assessment of external and internal situations for human life in the form of experiences. This is the subjectivity and involuntaryness of emotions.
7. Volitional qualities (test willpower)
A person with a strong will is distinguished by a certainty of intentions and actions, greater independence. He is decisive and persistent in achieving his goals. Man’s lack of will is usually identified with weak character. Even with a wealth of knowledge and a variety of abilities, a weak-willed person cannot realize all his abilities.
8. Human sociability
Communication is an extremely delicate and delicate process of interaction between people. The most obvious function of communication is the transfer of some information, some content and meaning. This is the semantic (semantic) side of communication. This transmission affects a person’s behavior, actions and actions, the state and organization of his inner world
Based on self-knowledge, a person develops a certain emotional-value attitude to himself, which is expressed in self-esteem. Self-esteem involves the assessment of one’s abilities, psychological qualities and actions, one’s life goals and the possibilities of achieving them, as well as one’s place among other people.
The ability to control yourself while holding back your emotions and affects.
11. The ability to work together
Ability, first of all, to adapt to others.
The development of personality continues throughout life. With age, only a person’s position changes - from an object of education in a family, school, university, he turns into a subject of education and should actively engage in self-education.
In other words, having passed the necessary tests in the Psychodiagnostics and Testing section, you can easily create a psychological portrait of your personality that will help you in many life situations, including choosing a profession (for a person’s portrait).
Personality Assessment Example
This portrait of a real person’s personality, the methods used are Kettell 16f, Kettell intelligence questionnaire, Mehrabian questionnaire, Eysenck questionnaire, Five-factor questionnaire.
Psychologically portrait of personality: Sergienko Albina
Brief information about the subject: gender, age, education - student
Traits: According to the results of the questionnaire, the character traits of an adult person revealed such traits as: sociability and outward orientation of the individual, a wide range of acquaintances, the need for contacts. It acts under the influence of the moment, impulsive, quick-tempered. He is carefree, optimistic, good-natured, cheerful. Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive. Feelings and emotions do not have strict control, prone to risky actions.
According to Eysenck’s questionnaire, it belongs to the type - the sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly converges with people, is sociable. Feelings easily arise and are replaced, emotional experiences, as a rule, are shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, insufficiently regulates his impulses, does not know how to strictly adhere to the developed routine of life, the system in work. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out a task requiring equal expenditure of energy, prolonged and methodical stress, perseverance, and stability of attention.
Intellectual sphere: According to the results of the Ketel intelligence questionnaire, intellectual abilities are significantly higher than average. Collected, quick-witted, abstract thinking is observed. High general mental abilities, insightful, quick-grasping, intellectually adaptable, there is some connection with the level of verbal culture and erudition
According to the Mehrabian questionnaire, motivation for achieving success is expressed.
At the same time, openness in relation to experience is below average: a fairly mundane, unresponsive type.
Venerable, has established views, ideas, tolerates traditional difficulties, accepts only time-tested, suspicion of new people. Doubtful about new ideas, prone to moralization and moralizing.
Medium degree of emotional stability: not always calm and balanced, can be somewhat alarming, easily excitable and overly emotional. rather irritable, ruthless, suspicious, not inclined to cooperation, unyielding. Pretty irresponsible, disorganized, and undisciplined. According to the Kettel questionnaire, there is also suspicion, jealousy, “protection” and internal stress. Jealous, envious, great conceit, dogmatism, suspicion, lingers on the failures. Requires others to be responsible for mistakes, irritable. His interests are turned on himself, cautious in his actions, self-centered.
It is quite sociable, sociable, talkative, assertive and active. Sometimes unyielding and suspicious. You can’t always rely on him. Inclined to leadership. Групповая независимость, самостоятельность, находчивость, самостоятельно принимает решения, может господствовать, не нуждается в поддержке других людей, независим. Изысканный, умеет вести себя в обществе. Имеет точный ум.
В результате, можно говорить о том, что у испытуемого в целом все показатели находятся в приемлемых границах. Необходимо лишь обратить внимание на противоречия, с одной стороны у испытуемого выявлены высокие коммуникативные навыки, с другой стороны, возможно они не могут проявится в полном объеме в связи с подозрительностью и неуступчивостью.
Пример Пятифакторного опросника личности:
Инструкция: Read the instructions carefully before starting. This questionnaire contains 60 claims. Read each carefully and circle the answer that best reflects your opinion. Make sure that you put the answer in the correct box.
Circle "PNS" - If you do not agree or think statement definitely false (wrong).
Circle "NS" - If you do not agree or think statement rather false (wrong).
Circle "B" - If you are indifferent to the statement or you cannot decide whether this statement is true or not.
Circle "WITH" - If you agree or think statement true (true).
Circle "PS" - If you totally agree or you think the statement is definitely true.
|1||I am not a disturbing person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|2||I like when there are a lot of people around me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|3||I do not like to spend time dreaming about something.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|4||I try to be friendly with everyone I meet.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|5||I keep my things clean and tidy.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|6||I often feel that I am worse than others.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|7||It's easy for me to laugh.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|8||I always try to stick to the same way of doing something.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|9||I often quarrel with my family members and acquaintances.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|10||I can always set myself a good pace in my work.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|11||Sometimes I feel that I am "falling apart" when I am in a lot of tension.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|12||I do not consider myself a very joyful person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|13||I am fascinated by the images that I find in art or nature.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|14||Some people consider me selfish and selfish.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|15||I am not a disciplined person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|16||I rarely feel miserable.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|17||I really really like talking to people.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|18||I think that the controversial statements of lecturers can only confuse and mislead students.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|19||I would rather collaborate with other people than compete with them.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|20||I try to complete all the tasks that they give me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|21||I often feel tense and very nervous.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|22||I like to be where something happens.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|23||Poetry almost completely or not impresses me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|24||Regarding other people's intentions, I tend to be cynical and skeptical.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|25||I have a clear set of goals and work systematically to achieve them.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|26||Sometimes I feel like a completely worthless person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|27||I usually prefer to work alone.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|28||I really like to try unusual dishes.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|29||I think that most people will use a person if it is beneficial to them.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|30||I lose a lot of time before three, how to get to work.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|31||I rarely feel fear or anxiety.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|32||I often feel like I'm overwhelmed with energy.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|33||I rarely notice the mood or feelings that the environment causes.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|34||Most of my friends love me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|35||I work hard to achieve my goals.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|36||I often get angry with the way people treat me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|37||I am a cheerful, lively person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|38||I think that to resolve personal problems, you should sometimes turn to authorities.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|39||Some people consider me cold and prudent.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|40||When I make a commitment, you can definitely rely on me.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|41||Too often, when things go wrong, I lose heart and give up what I’ve started.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|42||I am not a cheerful optimist.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|43||When I read poetry or look at a work of art, sometimes I feel trembling or intense excitement.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|44||In my views, I am practical and cold.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|45||Sometimes I am not as executive and reliable as I should be.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|46||I am rarely sad and depressed.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|47||My life has a fast pace.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|48||I have little interest in reasoning about the nature of the world or the state of humanity.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|49||I usually try to be caring and attentive.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|50||I am a capable person who always does the job.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|51||I often feel helpless and want someone else to solve my problems.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|52||I am a very active person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|53||Most of my friends consider me a very inquisitive person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|54||If I don't like people, I let them know.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|55||I think I can never become an organized person.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|56||I often felt ashamed.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|57||I would rather go my own way than lead other people.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|58||I often enjoy playing with theories and abstract ideas.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|59||If I need, I’m ready to manipulate people to get what I want.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
|60||I strive for excellence in everything I do.||PNS||NA||B||WITH||PS|
Interpretation of scales of a five-factor personality questionnaire.
(three gradations from low severity of properties to high)
- Emotional stability is above average: fairly calm, focused, balanced and calm.
- Medium degree of emotional stability: not always calm and balanced, can be somewhat alarming, easily excitable and overly emotional.
- Emotional instability: very anxious, depressed, irritable, poor control over emotional reactions, restless and easily excitable.
- An introvert rather than an extrovert: rather closed, prone to solitude, most often judicious and cautious.
- The tendencies of extraversion and introversion are balanced: moderate sociability, sometimes prone to solitude, can be somewhat closed, activity and talkativeness combined with prudence and caution.
- An extrovert rather than an introvert: rather sociable, sociable, talkative, assertive and active.
- Openness to experience is below average: fairly mundane, unreceptive, limited and immature.
- Average severity of openness in relation to experience: along with tendencies towards high receptivity and intelligence, some earthiness, limitation, and immaturity may be manifested.
- Openness to experience is above average: a fairly good imagination, a fairly high receptivity, intelligence.
- The severity of friendliness is below average: rather irritable, ruthless, suspicious, not inclined to cooperation, unyielding.
- The average severity of friendliness: sometimes good-natured, gentle, inclined to cooperate, condescending towards people, optimistic, but can be irritable, somewhat ruthless, suspicious and unyielding.
- The severity of friendliness is above average: quite good-natured, gentle, inclined to cooperate, condescending to people, optimistic.
- More likely unscrupulous than conscientious: rather irresponsible, disorganized, and undisciplined.
- The average severity of conscientiousness: not always diligent, thorough and organized, can be undisciplined and somewhat careless.
- Honesty was expressed: rather diligent, thorough, responsible, organized, disciplined, thorough.
Keys toNEO—Ffi(60 questions)
- Neuroticism 1 (-) 6 11 16 (-) 21 26 31 (-) 36 41 46 (-) 51 56
- Extraversion 2 7 12 (-) 17 22 27 (-) 32 37 42 (-) 47 52 57 (-)
- Openness to experience (Openness) 3 (-) 8 (-) 13 18 (-) 23 (-) 28 33 (-) 38 (-) 43 48 (-) 53 58
- Agreeableness 4 9 (-) 14 (-) 19 24 (-) 29 (-) 34 39 (-) 44 (-) 49 (-) 54 (-) 59 (-)
- Conscientiousness 5 10 15 (-) 20 25 30 (-) 35 40 45 (-) 50 55 (-) 60
Questions marked with a (-) mark are inverted. Calculation is according to the proposed table:
OPENNESS EXPERIENCE 30 + - 6
TENDENCY TO AGREEMENT 30 + - 6
As you can see, manually processing the results of this test is not easy (and this is one of the simplest tests). That is why, to make a highly reliable portrait of a person, they turn to a professional. And for self-diagnosis, usually simpler and more affordable methods are used.