Florida became a state in 1845. This means you are looking for territorial records, and possibly for Spanish records or tribal records before 1819 when Florida was acquired by the United States.
You might look at military records of those stationed here as part of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. You might find some records of the Seminole Nation at their museum in the Everglades. You might want to check with the University of Florida archealogy folks and with the Seminole Historic Preservation Society.
You could also look for land grants and homesteading records. Florida was very sparsely populated before 1860, and most folks lived in North Florida between what is now Jacksonville and Pensacola. No air conditioning meant hot summers, mosquitos and malaria.
Seminole Indians lived in shelters with no walls, just a palm thatched roof on poles. Many of them were transported to Oklahoma to allow white voting settlers to homestead. It was a racist, sexist place here, and 60,000 white male voters were need to achieve statehood. I am not sure if their are records of Seminoles transported, male voters or slaves, but the State Library of Florida may have some information.
You might also want to attend a Rondevous of Florida Frontier Re-enactors to see if they have any resources. Old issues of the Florida Frontier Gazette might be useful too, for well known early Floridians. Forts like Fort Foster in Hillsborough County might have information. Check with the Florida Park Service for locations and contact info.