Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a term used to describe the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol. NAFLD is common and, for most people, causes no signs and symptoms and no complications. In some individuals however the fat that accumulates in the liver can cause inflammation and scarring. This more serious form of NAFLD is sometimes called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In its most severe form, NAFLD can progress to liver failure.
Causes of NAFLD
According to the American Liver Society NAFLD affects up to 25% of people in the United States. NAFLD occurs when your liver has trouble breaking down fats, causing fat to build up in your liver tissue. Doctors aren't sure what causes NAFLD but it tends to develop in individuals who are overweight, or have diabetes, high cholesterol or high triglycerides. Rapid weight loss and poor eating habits also may lead to development of NAFLD.
There are other diseases and conditions that appear to increase your risk of NAFD, however some people develop NAFLD even if they do not have any of these conditions..
What Are the Symptoms of NAFLD?
NAFLD usually causes no signs or symptoms. NAFLD is typically suspected when blood tests show high levels of liver enzymes, which are often identified when performing routine blood tests.
When symptoms occur they may include:
How is NAFLD Diagnosed?
Tests and procedures used to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease include:
Types of NAFLD.
NASH is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis in adults in the United States. It is estimated that up to 25% of adults with NASH may have cirrhosis. Most individuals with NASH are between the ages of 40 and 60 years and NASH is more common in women than in men.
How is NAFLD Treated?
There is currently no standard medical treatment for NAFLD. Doctors try to determine what risk factors might contribute to NAFLD in each individual and work to modify those factors. For instance, if an individual is overweight or has high cholesterol your doctor will help you to lose weight and lower your cholesterol through diet, exercise and, in some cases, medications and surgery.
Avoiding additional conditions that can contribute to liver disease is also recommend. Your doctor may recommend you receive vaccinations against hepatitis A and B, and reduce or avoid alcohol consumption to help protect your liver from further damage.