The Andromeda Galaxy (or Andromeda, M 31, NGC 224) is a spiral galaxy type Sb, the largest Galaxy of the local group. It is the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way Galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy contains roughly 1 trillion stars that 2.5-5 times more than in the Milky Way. It is located in the constellation of Andromeda and become separated from the Earth at a distance of 2.52 million light years. The plane of the Galaxy is inclined at an angle of 15°, its apparent size is 3.2 × 1.0°, apparent magnitude is +3, 4 m.
Use free sample research paper on the topic to learn that the first written mention of the Andromeda Galaxy was written in the Catalogue by Azophi, the Persian astronomer, in 946. The first description of the object based on telescopic observation was given by German astronomer Simon Marius in 1612. When creating his famous catalogue, Charles Messier catalogued the object under the definition of M 31, mistakenly attributing its discovery to Marius. In 1785, William Herschel noted little red speck in the center of M 31. He believed the galaxy to be the nearest of all the nebulae, and calculated the distance to it (entirely untrue), equivalent to 2000 distances between the Sun and Sirius.
In 1864, William Huggins, observed the spectrum of M 31, found that it differed from a gaseous nebulae. The data indicated that M 31 consisted of many individual stars. On this basis, Huggins assumed star nature of the object, which was confirmed in the following years.
In 1885, in the Galaxy a Supernova SN 1885A was born, in astronomical literature known as S Andromedae. For the record, this is still the only such event registered in M 31.
The first pictures of the Galaxy was made by the Welsh astronomer Isaac Roberts in 1887. Using his own small astronomy dome in Sussex, he managed to take a shot of M 31 and was the first who saw the spiral structure of the object. However, at that time, it was still commonly believed that M 31 belongs to our Galaxy, and Roberts mistakenly believed it to be another solar systems being formed, with the satellite nascent planets.
The Galaxy’s radial velocity was identified by the American astronomer Vesto Slipher in 1912, Using spectral analysis, he figured that M 31 moves toward the Sun with unheard for known astronomical objects of the time speed: about 300 km/s.
Specialists of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, analyzed the results of 10 years of observation of M 31 using the orbiting Observatory Chandra, discovered that the glow of matter, falling in the core of the Andromeda Galaxy, was dim before January 6, 2006, when there was an outbreak, increasing the M 31 brightness in x-rays range in 100 times. After this the brightness has decreased, but still remained 10 times more powerful than in 2006.
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