17th century map of the New World
Once the most powerful European monarchies were under control -with the help of other bankers like Lennap and Lawatz, which allowed the Rothschild family to obtain interests and speculate with their wealth and control throughout the whole of Europe -; And with the Catholic Church eating from their hand –as the Rothschilds allegedly managed their financial operations worldwide since 1823 [*]- the Rothschild family set their eyes in the New World again.
In 1811 the charter for the first Bank of the United States was due, and the congress had already voted against it. However, Nathan would not give up that easy, and issued an ultimatum to the former colonies: “Either the application for the renewal of the charter is granted, or the United States will find itself involved in a most disastrous war.” Andrew Jackson (by then President of the United States) did not believe the power of the international moneylenders could extend so far, so he replied: “I intend to rout you out, and by the Eternal God, I will rout you out!” Which resulted in Nathan issuing the following orders to the British government: “Teach these impudent Americans a lesson. Bring them back to Colonial status.” The British Government then launched the War of 1812 against the United States. During 1815, in what would be one of Nathan's most famous quotes, he said: "I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne of England to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man that controls Britain's money supply controls the British Empire."  He achieved his objective, and the U.S. Congress granted the renewal of the Charter in 1816.
Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States in 1860. Being short of money to finance the North's war effort of the American Civil War, he went to the bankers of New York, who agreed to lend him money at interest rates varying from 24 to 36 percent. Lincoln refused, knowing perfectly well that this was usury and that it would lead the United States to ruin. So, in full conformity with the provisions of the U.S. Constitution, Lincoln issues $450 million of debt-free “Greenbacks”. Lincoln called these Greenbacks “the greatest blessing the American people have ever had.” A blessing for all, except for the bankers, since it was putting an end to their racket, to the stealing of the nation's credit and issuing interest-bearing money.
The bankers did everything possible to destroy these Greenbacks and sabotage Lincoln's work. First, in order to cast discredit on the Greenbacks, the bankers persuaded Congress to vote, in February of 1862, the “Exception Clause”, which said that the Greenbacks could not be used to pay the interest on the national debt, nor to pay taxes, excises, or import duties. Then, in 1863, having financed the election of enough Senators and Representatives, the bankers got the Congress to revoke the Greenback Law in 1863, and enact in its place the National Banking Act; which issued interest-bearing by privately-owned banks. This Act also provided that the Greenbacks should be retired from circulation as soon as they came back to the Treasury in payment of taxes. Lincoln heatedly protested, but his most urgent objective was to win the war and save the Union, which obliged him to put off till after the war the veto he was planning against this Act and the action he was to take against the bankers. Lincoln nevertheless declared: “I have two great enemies, the Southern army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. And of the two, the bankers are my greatest foe.”
Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864, and he made it quite clear that he would attack the power of the bankers, once the war was over. The war ended on April 9, 1865, but Lincoln was assassinated five days later, on April 14.
Lincoln inspired other politicians to follow his examples (like presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan); but the banker were determined to end with the problem once and for all. So, In 1910, the 6 most influential bankers in the US attended a secret meeting In Jekyll Island as J P Morgan's guests. For the next week, Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller and Frank A. Vanderlip (From two Rockefeller’s banks), Henry P. Davidson and Charles D. Norton (from two J.P. Morgan’s banks), Paul Warburg, and assistant treasury secretary A. P. Andrew planned the new central banking act.  Just before Christmas 1913, taking advantage of the fact that most congressmen were on holiday, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act, which President Woodrow Wilson signed. This act took away from Congress the power to create money, and handed over this power to the Federal Reserve Corporation, owned by the bankers. One of the rare Congressmen who understood against this Act was Representative Charles A. Lindbergh Sr. (father of the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh), who said: “This Act establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President [Woodrow Wilson] signs this bill, the invisible government of the Monetary Power will be legalized... The worst legislative crime of the ages is perpetrated by this banking and currency bill.”
… Next Chapter: the Russian Revolution
Louis Even, “In This Age of Plenty”, Montreal, 1946.
 Emprendaria, “Biografías: Mayer Amschel Rothschild, el gran financiero”, 16 February 2008
 Eustace Mullins; cited in Fritz Springmeier, “Bloodlines of Illuminati”, 1995
 Paul Vallel, “The Rothschild story: A golden era ends for a secretive dynasty”, The Independent UK, 16 April 2004
 Wikipedia: Panic of 1907 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1907)
[*] I could not verify the original quote by Eustace Mullins.