INTRODUCTION TO ISAS : INTRODUCTION TO ISAS Information search and analysis skill(ISAS) seminar: is to gather information, analyze & present.
Does not involve conventional way of teaching.
Emphasis is shifted from teacher-oriented to student-oriented methods.
Information are gathered from various sources. Slide 3: Aims
To develop search skills
To impart skills on :
presenting conclusions. Slide 4: Books Internet Magazines Sources Slide 5: INTRODUCING COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT BY
NIIT, AGARTALA SYSTEM UNIT : SYSTEM UNIT The system unit is a box-like unit.
Contains number of useful components.
Each components has its own discrete function.
All components work to accomplish main function of computer.
Sometimes called the chassis COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT : COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM UNIT Internal power supply
Memory-RAM & ROM
Expansion slot Internal Power Supply : Internal Power Supply Component of system unit.
Converts AC input to DC output of 5-10 volt.
Also called Switched Mode Power Supply(SMPS).
Provides cable connectors to supply the required voltage to the other internal components like :
the floppy drives,
the hard disk drive,
the motherboard &
external device such as the keyboard. EXHAUST FAN : EXHAUST FAN The SMPS has a small fan, called the exhaust fan.
The exhaust fan rotates as long as the computer is switched on.
Functions to cool the SMPS. SPEAKER : SPEAKER System unit has a audio speaker.
It is connect to motherboard.
Produces sound whenever instructed by software programs.
Example: when the machine starts, a self-test program is executed that uses beep to indicate that everything is working satisfactorily.
Also used by entertainment programs to produce sound effects. MOTHERBOARD : MOTHERBOARD It is a large board present in a system unit.
Contain a number of tiny electronic circuits & other components.
All peripheral devices are connected to the motherboard.
It is also called system board. COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD : COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD Chipset
A group of integrated circuits, or chips, designed to work together.
Connects the motherboard components.
Controls the system & its capabilities.
All components communicate with the processor through chipset, also called “hub” of all data transfer.
Upgradeable only with a new motherboard.
Determines the speed of motherboard. Slide 13: Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC, or microchip).
Entire design of PC is base on the microprocessor.
Hence CPU is often called processor.
It contains CU, ALU. These component work together to perform processing. Processor Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) InformationDataInformation Memory OutputDevices Information InputDevices Data InformationDataInformation StorageDevices Slide 14: Operation of CPU comprises of a Machine Cycle. Step 1. Fetch Obtain program instruction or data item from memory Step 2. Decode Translate instruction into commands Step 3. Execute Carry out command Step 4. Store Write result to memory Slide 15: Other functions:
Can move data from one memory location to another.
Can make decisions & jump to new set of instructions.
Capacity of microprocessor is measured in terms of bits it can send or receive & process internally. Some of the microprocessor introduced from time to time are:
The Pentium (1993).
The Pentium II (1997).
The Pentium III(1999).
The Pentium IV(2000), the fastest of among all four. Pentium® family Itanium® or Xeon Slide 16: Clock chip
It provides the timing signal.
Signal is provided in the form of electronic pulses.
The chip generates a regular beat & the operations of the computer are timed to this beat.
Unit: MHz(Mega Hertz) & MIPS(Million Instructions Per Seconds).
It is like baton held in an orchestra by the conductor. Slide 17: Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory)
Memory used by computer to store & data while working on the system.
It functions as scratch pad.
Data can be read/modified.
Contents are lost when computer is switched of. Hence, it is volatile.
Capacity depends on chip installed.
Double Data Rate (DDR), Rambus Dynamic RAM(RDRAM),Synchronous Dynamic RAM(SDRAM) & Dynamic Ram(DRAM). RAM CHIP Slide 18: ROM (Read Only Memory)
It contains permanently recorded instructions, vital for starting up a computer.
One set of instruction found in ROM is called the ROM-BIOS(Read Only Memory Basic Input-Output Services).
It is non-volatile. ROM CHIP Slide 19: Bus
It is a set of wire.
Used to communicate between microprocessor & memory chip & other chip.
Data bus: bus with 8 wires carrying data.
Address bus: bus carrying address. BUS Slide 20: Ports
These are inlets & outlets of microprocessor.
Port connects external devices to system unit.
Infrared ports Slide 21: Serial ports Parallel ports Transmits one bit of data at a time.
Connects slow-speed devices, such as mouse. Transmits more than one bit data at a time.
Uses devices like printer. EXPANSION SLOTS : EXPANSION SLOTS A set of sockets in the motherboard.
Help to attach extra input/output devices.
With Plug and Play, the computer automatically configures cardsand other devices. CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION System unit is the HEART of the computer. Slide 24: WITHOUT SYSTEM UNIT = COMPUTER EMPTY BOX + SYSTEM UNIT EMPTY BOX = SATISFACTORILY WORKING COMPUTER REFERENCES : REFERENCES Book
FOUNDATION SEMESTER VOL I (NIIT)
www.nanomc.com HEARTFELT THANKS : HEARTFELT THANKS Ms POULOMI DAS(Lecturer)
Ms JOYSREE ROY & Ms BHARATI RABIDAS(Team members)