"The results obtained establish the influence of the Asian breeds on the following European breeds: Large White, Berkshire, Spotted Black Jagubo and Pietran.
The Mangalitsa breed was included in the European breed cluster, while three out of the four haplotypes discovered were associated with separate clusters that include the Spanish or Romanian Wild Boars.
The results of our study show a remarkable closeness of the Mangalitsa breed to the European Wild Boars, a closeness that was also confirmed by phenotypic similarities including the presence of fur on the entire body. The primitive character of this breed is also emphasized by its distribution in monophyletic groups with European Wild Boars and other primitive breeds.
As far as the divergence between the European and the Asian clades is concerned, the results we obtained, based on the data resulting from the cytochrome b gene sequences and the ETAS domain at the level of the D-loop region, suggest that it occurred approximately 580,000 years ago. This divergence supports the hypothesis of a multiple and independent domestication process that occurred a long time after the divergence of the two clades. This hypothesis is also supported by other studies [34,39]. "
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