Posts Tagged: Cats
What is it?
Giardiasis is an intestinal infection of animals. It is caused by a protozoan parasite called Giardia intestinalis. These single-celled parasites are not to be confused with more commonly known intestinal parasites; roundworms, hookworms, and tapeworms.
How do pets get it?
Giardia, in all life stages, is too small to be seen without a microscope. The infective stage of Giardia is the cyst, which is passed in the feces of infected wildlife and domestic animals. When an animal swallows the Giardia cysts, they enter the intestinal tract, causing infection.
There are many ways pets can ingest these cysts. Here are a few:
- Eating feces
- Stepping in feces and licking their paws
- Eating contaminated grass
- Drinking standing water
What are the symptoms?
Fortunately, even though the infection rate is high in cats and dogs, clinical disease is less common. Some animals infected with Giardia may show no clinical signs. When symptoms do arise they may include digestive upset, usually diarrhea and/or vomiting. Severe cases of untreated diarrhea and vomiting may lead to dehydration and more serious disease.
In the last 6 months, Becker Animal Hospital has diagnosed the infection in 50 pets!
How is it diagnosed?
Most often a microscopic examination of fecal material is used to diagnose Giardia. Occasionally the infection may be difficult to confirm because animals may not always shed the organism in their fecal material. In this case a blood test is used to confirm infection.
What’s the Treatment:
The most common medication used to treat Giardia is metronidazole. It is usually given by mouth for 7-10 days. If the infection is persistent other medications may be added and treatment may continue for longer than one week.
Giardia in pets should be treated as a potentially communicable (zoonotic) disease. It is not known for certain if Giardia from pets directly infects humans, however, the same strains of Giardia have been known to infect dogs, cats and humans. Therefore, good hygiene should be observed when interacting with an infected animal and when cleaning up fecal material.
Thorough cleaning of the environment may help to decrease opportunities for reinfection. The cysts are sensitive to bleach dilutions (1 cup of bleach to 2 gallons of water). Cysts are also sensitive to heat and drying. Cold weather is no match for giardia cysts. It can live in 8°F! The protective shell of the cyst allows Giardia to survive for long periods of time.
All infected areas should be cleaned and dried well. Food bowls, bedding, toys and litter boxes should be washed with hot water. Bathing the pet may also be helpful during the course of treatment as well as picking up any fecal material present in the yard. It is important to reduce the chances of reinfection.
- Be sure to give any medications as prescribed; ending medications early may cause a chronic Giardia infection.
- Watch for signs of weakness, instability, appetite loss.
- Remember to use proper hygiene, wash bedding and bowls especially in multiple pet households
- Avoid allowing animals to drink untreated water.
- A fecal exam should be done at least once per year, even if your pet appears healthy.
When to call Becker Animal Hospital:
- If the condition is not improving:
- your pet continues to have diarrhea or if the diarrhea becomes more severe
- If your pet develops further digestive disorders:
- vomiting, not eating, weight loss, abnormal stool
- If your pet has had a reaction to medications or exhibits abnormal behavior.
For more information on Giardia:
When you get a new pet you may hear the shelter, breeder, or your local veterinarian recommend getting your new furry family member microchipped. What exactly is a microchip and what does it do? It is a small electronic chip, enclosed in a case, and encoded with a registration number. This number can be used to help identify your pet in the event they become lost. This microchip number, is unique to your pet and can be read when scanned by a microchip scanner. It is about the size of a grain of rice and is implanted just below your pet’s skin, between the shoulder blades. Microchips are usually implanted by your veterinarian or pet care professional in less than 10 seconds using a special needle. Not to worry, the microchip injection is similar to the other vaccines your pet receives, so there is very little to no discomfort.
Did you know that by 3 years old, more than 75% of dogs and cats have periodontal disease? Here are five questions you can use to help evaluate if your dog or cat may need a professional dental cleaning.
- Does your pet have bad breath? We don’t expect your pet to have minty fresh breath, but they shouldn’t have chronic foul breath either. Bad breath (aka Halitosis) can be a key indicator that it’s time to take a look at your pet’s teeth and see if there is plaque build-up or periodontal disease.
- Is there noticeable discoloring or build-up on your pet’s teeth? If you’re able to lift up your furry friend’s lips you should be able to get a glimpse of your pet’s teeth to see if there’s any build-up or if gums are bright red.
Understanding the importance of dental care for our pets has come a long way in the last few decades. Although, dental care may not be something that first comes to mind when thinking of your pet’s health care, it should be something you consider. Just like us, plaque and tartar continually build up on our pet’s teeth. We would have a hard time going our whole life without brushing our teeth or having our teeth cleaned. The same can be said for our pets.
Here are some tips on how to help keep your pet’s teeth and mouth healthy
Brushing Teeth: Using an enzymatic pet toothpaste (with a finger-brush, gauze, toothbrush, washcloth) and brushing your pets teeth as often as possible (at least once a week) will do a world of good for preventing large problems later. It is important to note that you should stick to cleaning the outside of your pet’s teeth, not the inner/tongue area. The beauty of enzymatic toothpaste is that it’s all about the contact, not how hard you brush. If your dog or cat doesn’t like you having your finger near their mouth try spreading a little of the enzymatic toothpaste on a chew treat. Toothpaste often comes in many flavors (poultry, mint, malt, etc…) to help entice your pet to enjoy brushing. Just make sure that the toothpaste is enzymatic, and NEVER use human toothpaste on your pet.
Food, Dental Treats & Water Additives:
Halloween is just around the corner, and we’ll be the first to admit that we love seeing the decorations and costumes. However, there are a few things to keep in mind when it comes to enjoying the holiday with our pets. Whether you’re going out trick or treating or giving out candy at home remember that Halloween can be stressful for our pets. Below are a few tips to remember.
Parties & Trick or Treating: The doorbell ringing, the door opening and closing, excited children, or parties with many strangers coming in and out of the house dressed in spooky costumes — all this excitement can be very stressful. Try keeping your pet indoors and in a comfortable area where they won’t be overwhelmed.
Candy & Decorations: Keep an eye on all candy and other Halloween treats. Chocolate, raisins, and many sugar free sweets can be toxic to your furry friend. Wrappers and sticks (from candy apples or lollipops) may get stuck and cause obstructions. Your best bet is to stick with treats geared toward your pet.
Most animals enjoy the smell of pumpkins, and pumpkin itself doesn’t pose much of a threat. However, a candle lit jack-o-lantern can be very tempting. Cats in particular may be drawn the flickering light of a candle.
Costumes: We all love a cute animal, but keep in mind your pet’s tolerance level. See if your pet is okay with wearing a decorative collar or bandana. If they’re okay with a full costume, try to keep it simple and make sure it fits properly. If it’s too tight, it may be uncomfortable. If too big, your pet may trip or get legs caught and then become stressed. Also, keep an eye out for human costume accessories. Dogs and cats may find something on your costume tempting to play with or to chew. As reported by the Pet Poison Helpline, cats may have an affinity for chewing on glow sticks. While not life threatening, the liquid can cause irritation, injury , pain, or severe hypersalivation.
Halloween can be fun for everyone, when we can keep in mind what is comfortable for all. Thanks for stopping by and Happy Halloween!!