A generator is a type of electrical machine used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. They work on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They are the main source for the production of electrical energy at power stations. They are also widely used as a backup power source at homes, offices, and hospitals. But, these backup generators are small in size as compared to the ones installed at power generation sites.
Like every other machine, a generator is made of some significant components that are the essential part of the machine. As there is a continuous increase in the usage of these machines, a number of electrical machinery manufacturing companies in USA, China, Japan, and other leading states have grown themselves for the production of the components required to build a generator.
Main Parts of a Generator
The focal parts used in the construction of a generator are elaborated below:
In general, the main part of every machine is the ‘engine’. It drives all the processes that a machine requires. Similarly, in generator an engine is the most significant component that helps the prime mover in a rotation, to produce mechanical energy so that it can be converted into electrical energy afterward. To function, it requires a fuel source such as gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, bio-diesel, water, sewage gas or hydrogen. Engines are deliberately designed in such a way to produce maximum output.
- Fueling System
In order to have an accurate amount of fuel for smooth functioning of a machine, there is a proper system behind; that helps in transferring an appropriate amount of fuel to the system. There is a storage tank that stores enough amount of fuel to power the generator for hours. The fuel pipe is connected to the engine for transferring fuel from the fuel tank to the engine. A filter is also attached in between to filter any impurities from the fuel that would disturb the working process. At the end of the fuel pipe, there is a fuel injector that directly injects the fuel; to the combustion chamber of the engine.
An alternator is a part of the generator that consists of a stator and a rotor in its construction which helps in converting the mechanical energy into electrical energy. A stator is a stationary part while the rotor is the rotating part. A stator is a coil that conducts electricity and rotor contain permanent rotating magnets that produces the varying magnetic field.
- Voltage Regulator
For continuous and constant production, an alternator has a voltage regular attached to it, in order to have a regulated amount of voltage at the output.
- Cooling Systems
Whenever there is mechanical work, there is always a release of heat energy which can cause overheating to the system if not prevented rightly. A cooling system is responsible for eliminating the heat release. A generator uses fans or oil tank for cooling purpose.