When you talk about Huangshan, there are two concepts involved. One is Huangshan City, which is situated in the south of Anhui Province. Another is Huangshan Mountain, which is located in the municipal territory, but 64 km away from city center.
Huangshan City boasts 3 districts, 4 counties and Mount Huangshan Scenery Area, with a total area of 9,807 square kilometers and a population of 1.47 million. The history of the city can date back to 2200 years ago. In Song Dynasty, the name of the place was changed to Hui Zhou, since then the successful traders and dealers had brought great glory to the region. Many wealthy businessmen began to build their lavish houses at hometown. That is now what we can see at the ancient villages of Yi County and She County.
Today Huangshan City is built as the transportation hub in south Anhui Province. Roads at national and provincial level, railway and air routes connect the past isolated mountainous area to the rest of the world. A highway connecting Huangshan and Hangzhou was just completed, which makes the drive only 3.5 hours. From Shanghai, tourists can choose to take flight or overnight train to Huangshan.
Mt. Huangshan is the UNESCO-approved World Heritage Site. Here below are the descriptions on the official site of UNESCO:
"Huangshan, known as 'the loveliest mountain of China', was acclaimed through art and literature during a good part of Chinese history (e.g. the Shanshui 'mountain and water' style of the mid-16th century). Today it holds the same fascination for visitors, poets, painters and photographers who come on pilgrimage to the site, which is renowned for its magnificent scenery made up of many granite peaks and rocks emerging out of a sea of clouds".
Vertical slabs of granite, eroded and fractured over thousands of years, have created soaring pillars of rock and deep ravines. Swirling mists constantly envelop and then reveal the jagged rock faces. The native pine on the mount (the pinus huangshanensis) makes its home in tiny crevices in the rock, with roots several times longer than its trunk, its top flattened by wind and its branches growing in one direction (with the wind or towards the sun). Therefore, Chinese people regard it as a symbol of determination and persistence. The most catching-eye spots are oddly shaped pines, grotesque rock formations, sea of clouds and hot springs.