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SOUTHERN STANDARD - MCMINNVILLE, TENNESSEE.SATURDY,TJ.UNEi,8i 89o.
NOTES ON WHEAT CULTURE.
Time of Sowing-Clean Seed-Changing
v Drill Ahead-Mulching.
T. B. Terry in Country Gentleman.
The writer livc9 in a good wheat
country. raying crops are the rule
here ; but there are always some fail
ures, or partial failures. Usually
these could be avoided. The poor
crops nearly , always come from the
farmers not doing their part.
Now I presume nearly all of your
readers in the winter-wheat belt
know how to grow a large crop as
well as I ; but we all need stirring
up and reminding from time to time.
Doing the same thing over . every
year we get careless, sometimes, and
forget how a very little neglect may
00.4 us a good many dollars.
A neighbor who beat us all last
year, having nearly 40 bushels per
acre of fine wheat, had to put up
this year with less than half a crop.
What was the trouble? He told me
he was a little too late about sowing
anyway, and then through some
mistake the drill put on only about
three pecks of seed per acre, when at
that late time a bushel and a half
would have been none too much.
He has splendid wheat land, in the
best of condition, and this has been a
much better season than last ; but on
9 acres he is short about $150 from
these two little mistakes.
After long experience I feel almost
sure of a big crop if I can get my
seed in as soon as the 8th of Septem
ber, in moist ground, right after a
rain if possible. At this time, and
with these favorble conditions, 3G
quarts of Fultz wheat would be all
the seed I would care to put in. The
next week, or with conditions not
quite as perfect. I would sow 40
quarts. This for strong land that
will cover the surface with fall
growth, and supposing the seed to be
good and clean. A good mill to
clean sped is needed now, along with
the drill and other improved tools.
some make the mistake every year
of sowing seed just as it comes from
the threshing machine, with foul
stuff in it. ., If it is perfectly clean
and plump then, why all right : but
if it is not, a man would better buy a
mill if he only sows 10 acres, and
clean his seed perfectly.
I like to select the very best spot
in the field from which to take my
seed, putting the wheat by itself.
With this care I am not sure that
wheat will "run out" very soon, in
this good wheat locality. This
changing of seed wheat is a question
. several of your readers have written
me about, at different time. I re
member one farmer iu Indiana who
wrote me last year that he had a
crop of Fultz wheat yielding some 30
bushels per acre ; and asked me
whether I would advise him to send
here for a change of seed. I told
him I would not change when my
own wheat was doing so well for me.
Seed potatoes from the northeast pay
me, and a good friend from your
State told me the other day he felt
sure that I could get several bushels
more per acre of wheat by getting
new seed from a good distant section.
I am quite inclined to get a few bush
els and try it. There is no use in b&
ing too sure you are right, where
there is any chance for doubt. That
it will pay our Southern friends to
send up here for seed seems to be
pretty certain, as for some 8 or 10
years back my wheat has gone to a
locality in Kentucky for seed. They
would not go to this troubje so long
if it did not pay. But whether a
change will pay me, in this cooler
climate, is another question.
A Rochester friend, who has trav
eled in Ohio a good deal, told me
lately that we did not prepare the
ground -as well here as they do
around Rochester. This is certainly
one reason why some farmers fail to
raise a full crop. One sees every
fall fields put in where all the labor
and manure put on half ' the acres
would have paid better ; but it is the
way with many of our Ohio and wes
tern people to want to spread then
selves. Tillage spread out too thin
makes a big show until the thresh
ers come Tound. This is one sin I
think your correspondent will never
have to answer for. He believes in
cutting up the ground with cultiva
tor, cutaway or disc harrow, cross
wise and lengthwise, and then put
ting on the Thomas and rooler, and
continue these operations from time
to time until the ground is fine and
mellow, but at muling time so firm
that the horsos will make but little
tracK aner me rooier. ur course
there is risk that heavy rains right
after seeding Will pack such fine
land too solidly ; but on my soil I
will take the risk, seeking, if possi
ble, to sow after the heavy rain, if
thero seems to be danger of one at
that time. " On soil less finely pre
pared, a dry fall would do mo damage.
Although I have averaged as high
as 35 bushels per acre for five years in
succession, from broadcast sowing
with a seeder, I have bought a drill
this year. I lost enough last year to
pay for It, on my little wheat field.
Potato stubble is apt to be dry in a
dry time. We sow after potatoes.
The fall of 1887 was very dry. Our
potato stubble dried out after the
tops died, before we could get the
digging done and the soil pulverised.
No more rain came to wet it. Drilled
wheat came up pretty well, but half
of that that was broadcasted lay in
the soil till rain came, which was too
late to do much good. Once before I
have been caught this way. I will
not wait for three times to get out. I
bought an Empire drill, from your
State, because after years of watching
I believe that it distributes the grain
more evenly than any other I know
of. The hoes are only 7 inches apart,
which comes pretty near to broadcast
I wrote you last year about my suc
cess with using straw on an exposed
hillside to prevent winter killing.
Last fall we put straw on two or three
acres" that had a northwestern ex
posure. This was done in December
when the ground was frozen. It is
hard to tell how thick we put it. As
nearly as I can write it, we put on our
strawberries just enough so one could
not see through, and on the wheat
just enough so he could barely see
through. There was one spot where
my son got on a load or two, as I
thought, almost too thick about
right for strawberries ; but the wheat
worked through it all right. I feared
for the clover seed sown on there ;
but to my surprise it started quicker
and came up ranker than on the
thinner places. Only once before
since I have been here have I had as
good wheat that exposed hillside. In
1883 and 188G it was a failure and
hurt my average. This year was
good enough, and the clover is now
One of your readers, who lives in
Wayne county, this State, lecT by my
article last year, put straw all over
hi3 wheat field right after drilling,
He says the wheat came up through
nicely and did as well as he could
ask. It seems as though this would
cause too much driving over and
tramping tne ground when it was
soft; but again, the wheat growing
up through would hold the straw
from blowing in bunches.
After reading this letter over, it has
occurred to me that some, perhaps
many, would say : "Better hire a
drill than to buy one where only a
dozen acres of wheat are ever put in."
I think differently. The interest and
depreciation on a drill, kept stored in
my tight tool house when not in use,
amount to nothing by the side of be
ing able to put my wheat in just at
the right time, which I could not al
ways do unless the drill was owned.
Depending on a hired drill may be
cause of a partial failure. Cutting
wheat any day when one can hire a
binder, or putting in the crop when
his turn comes to use the drill, would
not do for me, small farmer as IUm.
I must make ray crops count. I have
not acres enough, so I dare not risk
any way but the best and safest way.
Summit County, O., Aug. 3.
unless, Indeed, favorable conditions
are to be taken as the rule. During
the past ten years ninety per cent of
my acquaintances engaged in farm
ingand my acquaintanceship among
farmers is not limited that have
grown grains and meats, and exeri
ciscd good judgment, have done more
than make both ends meet. I know
quite a number of young men that
began farming for themselves less
than fifteen years ago with less than
one thousand dollars capital, that to
day are worth from $.3,000 to $15,000,
and they and their families have
lived well. In Houston township,
this county In which I lived 15 years
and in which there is not a town-
buildings to the value of $20,000 are
now in course of construction, by par
tics that 15 years ago were not worth
$20,000, and they have good farms
paid for now, paid for out of the land.
And even if Mr. Davis' assertion
were strictly true, is it not as favor
able as can be made of merchandise
ing, or manufacturing, or of profes
sional or salaried employments? How
many of the thousands of city wage
workers can do more than make both
ends meet ? How many of the mer
chants or manufacturers or lawyers or
doctors or clerks or bookkeepers do
more than make both ends meet?
How many fall to make both ends
meet, and owe the grocery and dry
goods merchants, the coal dealer and
the doctor, no one that has lived only
on a farm would imagine ! And of
the very, very few, comparatively,
that do succeed in doing more than
make both ends meet and establish
themselves in business, ninety per
cent lose all they have sometime dur
ing life. Farming is safer than that.
Statistics show that of city people
scarcely one per cent die with a com
petence. How much better is the
showing by farming ! Let us labor
zealously and without prejudice, with
brain and tongue and pen and hand
for justice to our agricultural inter
ests, for the mighty increase of legiti
mate profit, for abundant prosperity
on the farm, but let us also remember
that our calling is even yet safer and
better than any other "under the
THE GREAT SOUTH AMERICAN
mm Ml 1 M
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That Agricultural Depression.
John M. Stahl in Country Gentleman.
The articles of Mr. Davis in your
paper and his article in the Forum,
are indeed able ; but he exaggerates
the Influence exerted by tje expan
sion of the area devoted to agricultu
ral production. Other circumstances
have played a not unimportant part
in the production of the alleged agrU
culturial depression. I have not been
able to see so dire a ilepresson as
many would have us believe exists.
The agricultural depression is largely
relative. Farmers live better today
than they did 15 or 30 years ago.
They wear better clothing, have more
carriages, musical instruments and
books, travel more, and use more
machinery to make their work light
er. No greater proportion of them
have become bankrupt, notwithstand
ing the hue and cry raised for politi
cal effect and not ungrateful to the
ears of many of us.
Mr. Davis' assertion that "the most
industrious farmer growing grains
and meats, and exercising good judg
ment in conducting his business, cam
only under exceptionally favorable
conditions do more than make both
ends meet," is altogether too strong ;
A New Era of Prosperity.
The Modem Miller.
It is the opinion of many close oh
servers of the times that this country
has entered upon a new era of pros
perity. One of the chief reasons for
thi3 belief that they cite is that wheat
values, which, with the exception of
two or three instances of temporary
abnormal inflation, have lor a num
ber of years past been unusually low
must in the future inevitably main
tain a higher range, owing to tho
simple fact that our home consump
tion is increasing much more rapidly
than the production of wheat that
there will be less new land to subdue,
less bonanza wheat farming and a
greater diversification of crops in the
future than in the past. As the pros
perity of the country depends upon
that of the farming community, it is
easy to see that a steady, legitimate
advance in the price of breadstuff's
under the conditions cited would in
evitably bring better times to ,tho
people. Increase of home cosump
tion is the factor upon which the
farmers and millers must mainly rely
to enhance their prosperity. Tho
foreign market will cut much less of
figure in the future than heretofore,
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Summer Complaint of Infants.
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Craw fords ville, Ind., Aug. 20, 'SC.
To I he Great South American Medicine Co. :
Dear Gents : 1 desire to say to you that I
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J. A. MAKDKE,
Ex-Trcas. Montgomery Co,
English Spavin Liniment removes
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Mr. Solomon flonrt, a memhor of tho Poclety
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can Nervine Ton ic and Stomach and Liver Cure,
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on account of irritation, pain, honible dreams,
and general nervous prostration, which has
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pepsia of tho stomach and by a broken down
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A SWORN CURE FOR ST. VITUS'S DANCE OR CHOREA.
Crawtoriwvtlls, Ind., May 19, 1886.
Mv daughter, twelve years old. had been af
flicted for several months with Chorea or St.
Vitus's Dance. She was reduced to a skeleton,
could not walk, could not talk, could not swal
low anything but milk. I had to handle her
like an lniaui. iractor ana neignoors gave ner
ud. I commenced giving her the South Ameri
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one. Mbs. W. 6. Ensmingeb,
Slate of Indiana, a.
Montgomery ivuiup, )
Subscribed and sworn tobefnrome this May
19, 1S37. Chas. M. Tea vis, Notary Public
CBAwroEDsmLE, Ind., Juno 22, 18S7.
My daughter, eleven years old, was severely
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ileal in irom wnatover cause.
John T. Mish.
State of Indiana, .
Hontqomrry County, ( '
Subscribed and sworn to before me this Juno
22, 1887. Chas. W. Wright,
INDIGESTION AND DYSPEPSIA.
The Great South American Nervine Tonic
"Which we now offer you, is the only absolutely unfailing remedy ever discov-
a V i i T " e .
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. V . .1 jl " . ll - - . 1 . . t jt -
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Mrs. Ella A. Bratton, f New Ross, Indiana,
Bays : "I can not express how much I owe to the
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use for about six months, and am entirely
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stomach, and lungs I have ever seen.
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Sole Wholesale and Retail Agents for Warren County
.SVERtf S077LE . WARRANTED.
Price, Large 18 ounce Bottles, $1.25. Trial Size, 13 cents.