Key CHE Course Information
Below are expanded descriptions of courses actively offered by the Chemical Engineering Department. A full listing of course descriptions may be found at catalog.ucdavis.edu. Please note: Course content may vary slightly depending on instructor.
Lower Division Courses
- ECH 1: Design of Coffee – An Introduction to Chemical Engineering (4 Units)
Prerequisites: None. Intended for non-majors.
Many people are aware that chemical engineering exists as a profession – but few people have a firm idea about what chemical engineers actually do on a daily basis. This class is intended to serve as a non-mathematical introduction to how chemical engineers think, as illustrated by elucidation of the process of roasting and brewing coffee. The instructors will provide qualitative overviews of the basic principles of engineering analysis and design, and then guide the students in corresponding laboratory experiments testing the effect of design choices on the sensory qualities of coffee. In this manner, students will learn that even a process with only two “chemicals” – coffee beans and water – requires careful consideration of key physical concepts that are actually ubiquitous in chemical engineering. Why coffee? As we will discuss in this class, making coffee is actually a quintessential operation in chemical engineering. A raw material – in this case green coffee beans – undergoes a variety of chemical reactions in a roaster. The roasted beans are then ground to a specific size to optimize the extraction or “mass transfer” of caffeine and flavor molecules into the liquid phase, and a filtration step provides the final separation to ultimately deliver the cup of coffee. This class will start students down the path of thinking about coffee – and other processes or products – the way a chemical engineer does. Toward that end, the class will be organized around weekly laboratory experiments that each focus on a core chemical engineering concept. In weeks 1 and 2, the students will partially disassemble a drip coffee maker, and learn how the coffee maker can be considered as a series of “unit operations” that each accomplish a specific goal. In weeks 3 and 4, the students will learn how to roast green coffee beans using kitchen-scale roasters. The students will learn about the core reaction engineering concepts of “conversion” and “selectivity”, and importantly they will be able to taste the consequences of various roast profiles. Weeks 5 through 8 will then feature experiments exploring various design choices regarding grind size, temperature, pressure, filtration, with corresponding discussion about the underlying principles of mass transfer, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and colloid science. Week 9 will introduce basic engineering economics, comparing “break-even” curves for roasting your own coffee versus buying daily coffees from Starbucks. Finally, the class will culminate in week 10 with a design competition featuring a blind taste test of the students’ custom roasted brews.
- ECH 5: Introduction to Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering (4 Units)
Prerequisites: MAT 21A; MAT 21B (may be taken concurrently)
I. Basic Concepts of Analysis
A. The analysis process
B. Estimating orders of magnitude
C. Dimensional analysis
II. Non-reacting liquid systems
A. A simple mass balance
B. Component mass balances
C. Steady and unsteady behavior
III. Thermodynamic equations of state
A. Ideal gas and van der Waals equations
B. Stability of two-phase systems at equilibrium
A. Cost-performance analysis
B. One-parameter optimization problems
1. Least-squares regression
2. Optimization of membrane separations
V. Rates of chemical reactions
A. First-order rate kinetics
B. Second and higher order kinetics
C. Linear vs. non-linear rate kinetics.
- ECH 51: Material Balances (4 Units)
Prerequisites: MAT 21C with a grade of C- or better; MAT 21D (may be taken concurrently)
II. Conservation of Mass for Single Component Systems
III. Axioms for the Conservation of Mass of Multicomponent Reacting Systems
IV. Measures of Concentration and Velocity
V. Gas-Liquid Systems
VI. Steady-State Systems Without Chemical Reaction
A. Solution of sets of linear equations
B. Solution of sets of nonlinear equations
VII. Steady-State Systems With Chemical Reaction
A. Atomic species balances
VIII. Recycle and By-Pass Streams
IX. Transient Species Mass and Mole Balances
- ECH 60: Engineering Problem Solving Using MATLAB (4 Units)
Prerequisites: MAT 21C
I. Overview of MATLAB
A. Symbolic versus Numeric Calculations
B. Visualization Tools C. Importing/Exporting Data
II. User Defined Functions
A. Function Definitions
B. Pure Functions
C. Pattern Matching
1. Newton’s method for finding Roots
2. Equation of State for real gases
3. Image analysis
III. Lists and Arrays
A. Basic operations on lists
B. Selection, partitioning data in lists
C. Arrays and matrices
1. Importing and manipulating experimental data
2. Dimensional Analysis
IV. Linear Algebra
A. Matrix operations (Determinant, Inverse, Rank, etc.)
B. Solution of Linear Equations
1. Material Balances
2. Stoichiometry of chemical reactions
V. Iteration and Recursion
A. Loops and Logic
B. Recursion and dynamic programming
C. Algorithms for sorting
VI. Primer on Statistics
A. Methods for describing data (mean, dispersion, shape )
B. Graphical method for presenting data
C. Distributions (Normal, Chi Square, Student t)
D. Regression Analysis (data fitting)
VII. Real Data
A. Dealing with noise
C. Integration and derivation (data based vs equation based)
VIII. Numerical solving of Differential Equations
A. 1st and 2nd order boundary value problems
B. Eulers method and higher order methods
C. Initial value problems
D. Basic discussion of “stiffness.”
- ECH 80: Chemical Engineering Profession (1 Unit)
1. Development of skills for lifelong learning (2 weeks)
A. Use of library and Internet resources
B. Opportunities for continuing education through employers, professional societies, certificate programs, and graduate programs
2. Career opportunities in chemical engineering (2 weeks)
A. Industrial, academic, and public service career opportunities for chemical and biochemical engineers
B. Chemical and biochemical engineering career opportunities as seen by the Internship and Career Center
C. Discussion of student papers on "Future Directions in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering"
D. How, when, and why chemical and biochemical engineers can become licensed professional engineers
3. Ethical responsibilities of chemical engineers (3 weeks)
A. Presentation of a case study involving professional ethics
B. Role playing exercise and class discussion of the case study
C. Presentations based on student papers on the case study
4. Contemporary social issues and the role of chemical engineers (3 weeks)
A. Presentation of a case study of a contemporary social issue in which chemical or biochemical engineers are involved in a professional capacity
B. Class discussion of case study
C. Presentations based on student papers on the case study.
Upper Division Courses
- ECH 140: Mathematical Methods in Biochemical and Chemical Engineering (4 Units)
Prerequisites: MAT 22B, ECH 60 or ENG 6 (or equivalents to these courses). Must achieve grades of D- or better in all prerequisite courses.
I. Fourier Series
A. Fourier sine and cosine series
C. Gibbs phenomenon
II. Separation of variables
B. Eigenfunction expansions
C. Sturm-Liouville theory
III. Similarity transformation
A. Time-dependent diffusion in semi-infinite domains
B. Scaling analysis
C. Transforming partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations
D. The Error function
IV. Tensor analysis
A. Vector-tensor algebra with index notation
B. Differential operations with vectors and tensors
C. Rotation of reference frame and isotropic tensors
V. Finite difference methods
A. Difference approximations of derivatives
B. Iterative methods for solving Laplace’s equation
C. The Crank-Nicholson method for solving Poisson’s equation.
- ECH 141: Fluid Mechanics for Biochemical and Chemical Engineers (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 140; ECH 51 (may be taken concurrently). Must achieve a grade of D- or better in prerequisite courses.
I. Derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations
A. The linear momentum principle
B. The Reynolds transport theorem
C. The relation between the stress vector and stress tensor
D. Newton’s law of viscosity
E. The Navier-Stokes equations
F. Power-law fluids, shear-thinning and shear-thickening
A. Forces on submerged curved and planar surfaces
C. Surface tension and boundary conditions for static surfaces.
- ECH 142: Heat Transfer for Biochemical and Chemical Engineers (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 51 with a grade of C- or better; ECH 141
I. Fourier’s Law
A. Thermal conductivity
B. Conduction, convection and radiation
C. Thermal energy equation
II. 1-D Heat Conduction
A. Analysis of conduction with and without sources
B. Overall heat transfer coefficient
C. Dimensional analysis
D. Effect of radiation
III. Extended Heat Transfer Surfaces
A. Thin fin approximation
B. Fin efficiency, fin effectiveness
C. Fins with variable cross sections
IV. Heat Conduction in 2-D
A. Steady 2-D heat transfer
B. Separation of variables/finite difference method.
V. Transient Heat Conduction
A. Dimensional analysis
B. Similarity solution versus separation of variables
C. Integral methods and periodic solutions
VI Convective Heat Transfer
A. Balance of total energy (First law) versus thermal energy equation
B. Dimensional Analysis
C. Forced convection heat transfer, heat transfer coefficients
D. External versus internal flows
E. Laminar boundary layers, similarity methods, integral methods
VII. Natural Convection
A. Dimensional analysis
B. Free convection over a vertical plate, similarity methods versus integral methods
C. Estimation of heat transfer coefficients using scaling principles
VIII. Macroscopic Balances
A. Macroscopic thermal energy equation
B. Heat exchangers, heat transfer coefficients.
- ECH 143: Mass Transfer for Biochemical and Chemical Engineers (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 51 with a grade of C- or better; ECH 141
I. Conservation of Mass
A. Balance Laws, Axioms
B. Species body, species velocity, species mass flux
C. Fick’s law of diffusion for binary system
II. Binary Diffusion without chemical reaction
A. Calculating binary diffusion coefficients
B. Measurement techniques
C. Diffusion bulb experiment
III. Mass Transfer across gas/liquid interface
A. Derivation of the jump condition
B. Stefan diffusion tube
C. Mass transfer in a falling liquid film
IV. Multicomponent Mass transfer
A. Stefan-Maxwell equations
B. Analysis of limiting cases.
C. Relation to Fick’s law
V. Ternary systems
A. Stefan diffusion Tube
B. Diffusion bulb experiment
C. Generalized Fick’s law
- ECH 145A: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Laboratory (3 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 152A; ECH 152B (may be taken concurrently)
Weekly lab experiments elucidating key thermodynamic principles in chemical engineering 1. Simple calorimetry (& error analysis) 2. Specific heat of air (Clement & DeSormes experiment ) 3. Stirling engine kit build 4. Pump energy efficiency experiment 5. Air conditioner experiment 6. Iodine/ether chemical potential 7. Boiling pt evaluation/freezing pt dep 8. Batch distillation 9. Continuous distillation 10. Distillation simulations in Aspen.
- ECH 145B: Chemical Engineering Transport Lab (3 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 141, ECH 145A
Weekly lab experiments elucidating key transport phenomena in chemical engineering. 1. Stokes drag (falling sphere) 2. Design and build a pumping system 3. Darcy's law flow 4.Transient heat penetration (boiling potatoes) 5. Heated rod experiment 6. Heat exchanger (flowrates) 7. Stefan diffusion 8. Oxygen in fermenter (kLa) 9. Unsteady mass transfer in a packed bed (experiment) 10. Unsteady mass transfer in a packed bed (numerical).
- ECH 148A: Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Engineering (3 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 143, ECH 152B
1. Introduction; mole balances; ideal reactors 2. Ideal reactors; conversion; reactor sizing 3. Rate laws and stoichiometry; rate determining steps 4. Isothermal reactor design 5. Isothermal reactor design; collection and analysis of rate data 6. Collection and analysis of rate data 7. Multiple reactions – overview, selectivity 8. Multiple reactions – numerical techniques 9. Reaction mechanisms & pathways; pseudo-steady state approx. 10. Enzymatic reactions & bioreactors; course overview.
- ECH 148B: Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Engineering (4 Units)
Prerequisite: ECH 148A
1. Introduction; packed bed reactors; pressure drop and conversion 2. Non-isothermal reactor design 3. Non-isothermal reactor design; unsteady-state reactor design 4. Unsteady-state reactor design 5. Introduction to catalysis by solids; adsorption on solids 6. Kinetics and mechanisms of surface catalyzed reactions 7. Effect of external mass transport on surface catalyzed reactions 8. Effect of intraparticle mass transport on surface catalyzed reactions 9. Distributions of residence times 10. Non-ideal reactors; course overview.
- ECH 152A: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (3 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 60 or ENG 6 (or equivalents)
A. The scope of thermodynamics
B. Fundamental quantities
H. Secondary Quantities
II. The First Law and Other Basic Concepts
A. Joule's experiments
B. Internal energy
C. Formulation of the first law of thermodynamics
D. The thermodynamics state and state functions
F. The steady-state flow process
H. The phase rule
I. The reversible process
J. Heat capacity and specific heat
III. Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids
A. The PVT behavior of pure substances
B. The virial equation
C. The ideal gas
D. Applications of the virial equation
E. Cubic equations of state
F. Generalized correlations and the acentric factor
G. The behavior of liquids
IV. Heat Effects
A. Heat capacities of gases as a function of temperature
B. Heat capacities of solids and liquids
C. Heat effects accompanying phase changes of pure substances
D. The standard heat of reaction
E. The standard heat of formation
F. The standard heat of combustion
G. Effect of temperature on the standard heat of reaction
H. Heat effects of industrial reactions
V. The Second Law of Thermodynamics
A. Statements of the second law
B. The heat engine
C. The thermodynamics temperature scale
D. The ideal-gas temperature scale
E. The concept of entropy
F. Second-law limitations and real processes
G. Entropy changes and irreversibility
H. Entropy from the microscopic viewpoint (statistical thermodynamics)
I. The third law of thermodynamics
VI. Thermodynamics Properties of Fluids
A. Relationships among the thermodynamics properties
B. Thermodynamics properties of a single-phase system
C. Two-phase systems
D. Types of thermodynamics diagrams
E. Tables of thermodynamics properties
F. Generalized correlations of thermodynamics properties for gases.
- ECH 152B: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 152A
I. Ideal Solution Behavior
A. Criterion for chemical equilibrium
B. Raoult's Lae
C. Vapor-liquid equilibrium for ideal solutions
II. Nonideal Solution Behavior
A. Fugacity and partial molar properties
B. Internal energy (1) Generalized correlations (2) From P-V-T DATA
C. Activity coefficients (1) From data (2) Correlations for activity coefficients
III. Phase Equilibria
A. The phase rule
B. Phase diagrams
C. Dew-point, bubble-point, and flash calculations
IV. Solution Thermodynamics
A. Change of properties on mixing
B. Partially miscible systems
V. Chemical Equilibrium
A. Application of equilibrium
B. Reaction coordinates
C. Equilibrium constants from change in standard Gibbs energy
D. Effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium constants
E. Relations between composition and equilibrium constants
F. Multireaction equilibria.
- ECH 155: Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design Laboratory (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 145B, ECH 148A, ECH 148B (can be concurrent), ECH 157 (can be concurrent); upper-division English composition requirement (may be taken concurrently).
The course is structured to provide students with a realistic experience in scaling up a chemical reaction from batch to continuous, subject to energy minimization constraints. The four main phases of experimentation are as follows: Week 1-3: Semi-batch catalytic reaction of tert-butyal alcohol (TBA) to isobutylene (IB). Week 4-5: Scale-up of pure TBA to IB reaction to a continuously stirred tank reactor and exploration of process control issues. Week 6-7: Distillation of TBA/Water & energy efficiency tests. Week 8-10: Design trials and final design contest.
- ECH 157: Process Dynamics and Control (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 140
Role of Control in Process Industries
Objectives of Process Control
Hardware and Software for Industrial Control (sensors and control valves)
II. Definitions and Terminology
The Feedback Control Design Problem
III. Basic Concepts in Modeling
Classification of Models
IV. Models from Fundamental Laws
Principles of Modeling
Simulation in Process Control
V. Input-Output Models: The Transfer Function
The Concept of Transfer Function
Transfer Functions of SISO Processes
Properties of Transfer Functions
Irrational Transfer Functions
VII. Models from Process Data
Development of Empirical Models
Process Reaction Curve
Linear Regression in Modeling
VIII. Stability Analysis
Stability of Linear Systems
Root Locus Method
IX. Dynamic Behavior of Processes
First Order Processes
Second Order Processes
Effect of Zeros and Time Delays
X. Frequency Response Analysis
Construction and Evaluation of the Frequency Response
Bode and Nyquist Diagrams
XI. Fundamentals of Feedback Control
Structure of Feedback Control
Types of Feedback Controllers
Block-Diagram and the Closed Loop Response
Effect of Different Controllers
Closed-Loop Stability Analysis
XII. Design of Feedback Control Systems
Controller Tuning Method
Practical Issues in PID Design
XIII. Multivariable Systems
Multivariable Control Strategies
XIV. Model-Based Control
Concept of Model-Based Control
Delay Compensation and Feed-forward Control
Basic IMC Design procedure
IMC tuning Procedure for PID.
- ECH 158A: Process Economics and Green Design (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 142, ECH 143
I. The Design Process
A. Process Creation
B. Types of Process Design
II. Capital Investment Estimation
A. Estimation Methods
B. Cost Indexes
C. Equipment Scaling
D. Cost Correlations
III. Total Product Cost Estimation
A. Direct Cost vs. Indirect Cost
B. Input Utilization and Cost Estimates
IV. Green Design
A. Health Risk Assessment
B. Toxic Release Inventory
C. Green Chemistry
D. Life Cycle Assessment
V. Evaluating Alternatives
A. Depreciation and Interest
B. Time Value of Money
C. Profitability Measures
D. Environmental Accounting
VI. Presentation of Team Projects
- ECH 158B: Separations and Unit Operations (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 158A
1. Heuristics for Process Design and Synthesis.
Raw Materials and Chemical Reactions.
Distribution of Chemicals.
Heat Exchangers and Furnaces.
Pumping, Compression, Pressure Reduction, Vacuum, and Conveying of Solids.
2. Reactor Design and Reactor Network Synthesis.
Reactor Design for Complex Configurations.
Reactor Network Design Using the Attainable Region.
3. Synthesis of Separation Trains.
Criteria for Selection of Separation Methods.
Selection of Equipment.
Separation Systems for Gas Mixtures.
Separation Sequencing for Solid-Fluid Systems.
4. Heat and Power Integration.
Minimum Utility Targets.
Networks for Maximum Energy Recovery.
Minimum Number of Heat Exchangers.
Heat-integrated Distillation Trains.
Heat Engines and Heat Pumps.
5. Optimal Design and Scheduling of Batch Processes.
Design of Batch Process Units.
Design of Reactor-separator Processes.
Design of Single Product Processing Sequences.
Design of Multi-Product Processing Sequencing.
6. Heat Exchanger Design.
Equipment for Heat Exchange.
Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drop.
Design of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers.
7. Multisage and Packed Tower Design.
Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland (FUG) Shortcut Method for Ordinary Distillation.
Kremer Shortcut Method for Absorption and Stripping.
Rigorous Multicomponent, Multi-Equilibrium-Stage Methods with a Simulator.
Plate Efficiency and HETP.
Pressure Drop and Weeping.
8. Pumps, Compressors, and Expanders.
Compressors and Expanders.
9. The Interaction of Process Design and Process Control.
Control System Configuration.
Qualitative Plantwide Control System Synthesis.
Quantitative Measures for Controllability and Resiliency.
Toward Automated Flowsheet C&R Diagnosis.
10. Written Reports and Oral Presentations.
Contents of Written Reports.
Oral Design Presentation.
- ECH 158C: Plant Design Project (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 158B or ECH 161C
Groups of students will be given a design project in the beginning of the quarter, and the groups will report their progress through three memoranda about 1-2 weeks apart. These memoranda will demonstrate that students are starting from an ill-defined project and arriving at a well-formulated problem that can be solved. A project report summarizing the findings and the recommendations will be submitted around the seventh week. The reports will be critiqued and will be returned to the groups with recommendations and additional tasks. A final report is submitted during the last week of the quarter. Each group also makes an oral presentation to the class during the last week of classes.
- ECH 161A: Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 148A
A. Overview of applications of biochemical engineering
B. Review of important concepts in microbiology and biochemistry
II. Enzyme Systems
A. Enzyme structure, function and kinetics
B. Environmental influences on activity
C. Immobilized-enzyme systems
D. Enzyme bioreactors
III. Industrial microorganisms
A. Overview of cell metabolism
B. Overview of genetic control systems and genetic alteration
C. Microbial growth kinetics
D. Product formation kinetics
IV. Bioreactor Strategy and Operation
A. Idealized bioreactor configuration: batch, continuous, fed-batch, multistage, recycle systems
B. Immobilized cell systems
C. Sterility and media formulations
D. Instrumentation and control
E. Scale-up of bioreactors
V. Nonconventional bioprocesses
A. Mixed cultures
B. Plant cell/tissue cultures
C. Animal cell cultures
D. Insect cell cultures
- ECH 161B: Bioseparations (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 143
II. Cell Disruption
A. Mechanical techniques
B. Nonmechanical techniques
C. Large-scale disruption methods
III. Solids/Liquid Separation
C. Membrane filtration processes
IV. Purification Techniques
A. Liquid-liquid extraction
B. Ion exchange chromatography
C. Affinity chromatography
D. Gel permeation chromatography
E. Hydrophobic chromatography
V. Finished Methods
C. Product Formulation
- ECH 161C: Biotechnology Facility Design and Regulatory Compliance (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 158A, ECH 161A (may be concurrently); ECH 161B or DEB 263 (may be taken concurrently).
This course will cover material necessary in the design and operation of a facility producing biological products such as proteins and antibiotics. It will introduce the student to concepts such as aseptic processing and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as well as details in the design of all types of equipment for these facilities. After introducing general design and regulatory issues, each area of a biotech facility will be discussed. Design of equipment for media and inoculum preparation, fermentation and recovery, buffer preparation, purification, and utilities will be discussed. In this discussion, general equipment design issues will be included such as piping and pump sizing and pressure vessel design. Integral parts of the facility such as purified water and water-for-injection systems, clean steam generation, clean-in-place systems, biowaste treatment, and HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) will be discussed in detail and sizing concerns addressed. Industry standards for process control, automation, and data acquisition will also be covered. The second focus of the course will be compliance with current GMP, the laws governing production of human and veterinary drugs, as enforced by the Food and Drug Administration. Concepts such as validation master planning, validation protocols, protocol execution, and change control will be discussed as applied to both equipment and process qualification. Standard operating procedures and batch records will also be discussed for new and established operations. Ideas for successful project management and facility startup will be introduced throughout the course material.
- ECH 161L: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (4 Units)
Prerequisites: ECH 145B, ECH 161A, ECH 161B; or VEN 186; or BIS 103, MCB 120L
Discussion/Tutorial (1 hr/wk)
I. Course Overview
II. Overview of Experiments
III. Computer Tools for Data and Error Analysis
IV. Tips and Computer Tools for Report Writing
V. Tips and Computer Tools for Oral Presentations
VI. Group Oral Presentations
Laboratory (9 hrs/wk)
Students will select experiments from the following:
I. Aerobic, Batch Yeast Growth Kinetics in a Bioreactor
II. Determination of Oxygen Mass Transfer Coefficients in Stirred, Sparged Bioreactors
III. Insect Cell Culture
IV. Ion Exchange Chromatography
V. Protein Precipitation
Estimated ABET Category Content:
Engineering Science: 1 unit
Engineering Design: 3 units
Design Statement: Given a general objective of the experiment, students will design experimental setups (e.g., determine how equipment components will be interconnected, determine where sensors should be located), protocols (e.g., how samples will be taken and analyzed) and procedures (e.g., what chemical compounds and/or experimental variables to investigate) to meet the objectives of the laboratory experiments.
- ECH 169: The Design of Cocktails - Applied Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena in Mixed Drinks (1 Unit)
Prerequisites: ECH 145B, ECH 152B, and consent of instructor.
Engineering principles can be used to understand diverse phenomena. In this class we will show how core chemical engineering principles apply to cocktails. The students will be challenged to apply quantitatively their understanding of heat transport, mass transport, thermodynamics, and phase stability to the preparation of and sensory properties of mixed drinks. Hands-on quantitative experiments (e.g. of ice-water-ethanol phase diagram) will be combined with qualitative sensory analysis, culminating in the end of the quarter with a design contest.