Children and the elderly are at greatest risk of epilepsy. Some childhood forms of the disorder can fade away completely over time. Conversely, older adults may develop epilepsy suddenly.
There are different types of seizures, and a patient with epilepsy may experience several kinds. When a variety of features all occur together, they can be categorized as an epilepsy disorder.
Epilepsy can be categorized based on these and other factors:
Researchers recognize about two dozen distinct epilepsy syndromes.
The most common epilepsy syndromes include:
The type of seizure known as the grand mal seizure or generalized convulsion has appeared in popular media many times. During a seizure like this, the patient loses motor control and often falls unconscious. However, this is only one of many types of seizures, some less intense.
There is no cure for epilepsy. After its onset, most patients experience symptoms for life. These symptoms can be intermittent and may not present for weeks or months at a time. However, patients must be alert to potential safety risks at all times. Drugs can control seizures for about 70% of patients. Patients should remain under a doctor’s care and use medication as directed.
One of the most important aspects of long-term symptom management is determining whether any environmental stimuli can provoke a seizure in a particular patient. When stimuli can cause seizures, it is called reflex epilepsy. Bright or flashing lights are among the most common seizure triggers. Sounds and certain activities may provoke seizures, too, and should be avoided.
About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy. With further epilepsy clinical trials, it will be possible to strive toward better epilepsy medication and, eventually, a true cure for epilepsy.