Racism & Class
The below video is a brief and (hopefully) accessible introduction to the ways in which racism overlaps with class. The material underpinnings of racism are often ignored, and class can sometimes be co-opted as something that only disadvantages white people. The video draw on UK and US evidence of property and wealth inequalities. Full sources are below.
Adesina, Z., & Marocico, O. (2017, February 6). Adam or Mohamed – who gets the job? BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-38751307
Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2004). Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination. The American Economic Review, 94(4), 991–1013. JSTOR.
Booth, A., Leigh, A., & Varganova, E. (2009). Does Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Vary Across Minority Groups?: Evidence from Three Experiments. Institute for Cultural Diversity Sidney, Australia.
Carlsson, M., & Rooth, D.-O. (2007). Evidence of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labor market using experimental data. Labour Economics, 14(4), 716–729.
Oreopoulos, P. (2011). Why Do Skilled Immigrants Struggle in the Labor Market? A Field Experiment with Thirteen Thousand Resumes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3(4), 148–171. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.4.148
Wood, M., Hales, J., Purdon, S., Sejersen, T., & Hayllar, O. (2009). A test for racial discrimination in recruitment practice in British cities (p. 69) [Research Report No 607]. Department of Work & Pensions. https://www.iser.essex.ac.uk/research/publications/512874
Zschirnt, E., & Ruedin, D. (2016). Ethnic discrimination in hiring decisions: a meta-analysis of correspondence tests 1990–2015. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(7), 1115–1134. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2015.1133279
Full video references
•Akala (2018). Natives: Race and Class in the Ruins of Empire. London: Two Roads.
•Ashe, Borkowska & Nazroo, (2019). Racism ruins lives. TUC. http://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/code/research/projects/racism-at-work/tuc-full-report.pdf
•Coates, T. (2014). The case for reparations. The Atlantic. Accessed 3rd January 2016 from http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/
•DWP (2009). Test for racial discrimination. http://www.natcen.ac.uk/media/20541/test-for-racial-discrimination.pdf
•Fraser, N. (1995). From redistribution to recognition? Dilemmas of justice in a “post‐socialist” age. New Left Review, I(212).
•Gerard, L. (2016). The Press and immigration: reporting the news or fanning the flames of hatred? SubScribe, Retrieved 11th February 2020 from: http://www.sub-scribe.co.uk/2016/09/the-press-and-immigration-reporting.html
•Khan, O. (2017). Race and class from analysis to what next. (pg. 24-27). In Minority Report: Race and class in post-Brexit Britain. Runnymede Perspectives: London.
•Khan, O. (2019). Racism still festers in Britain’s workplace: Its time to get tough. The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jan/22/racism-britain-workplaces-diversity-training-employers-sanctions
•Kraus, Rucker & Richeson (2017). Americans misperceive racial economic equality. PNAS, 114, 39, 10324-10331
•McGregor-Smith (2017). Race in the workplace: The McGregor-Smith Review https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/594336/race-in-workplace-mcgregor-smith-review.pdf
•Rich, J. (2014). What do field experiments of discrimination in markets tell us? A meta-analysis of studies conducted since 2000. IZA, 8584
•Refugee Action (n.d.). Lift The Ban https://www.refugee-action.org.uk/lift-the-ban/ •Rodney, W. (1972). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Available online at: http://abahlali.org/files/3295358-walter-rodney.pdf
•This American Life: Episode 573: Status Update [Podcast] https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/573/status-update?act=3 [Important example of the intersection of racism & class in the US]
•The Princes’ Responsible Business Network (2015) ‘Race at work 2015’ survey report https://www.cumberlandlodge.ac.uk/sites/default/files/public/Business%20in%20the%20Community%20-%20Race%20at%20Work%202015%20Report.pdf
•Tippet et al (n.d.). Beyond Broke. Accessed 3rd January 2016 http://globalpolicysolutions.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/BeyondBroke_Exec_Summary.pdf •Traub et al (n.d.). Why policy matters. Accessed 20th February 2017 from http://www.demos.org/sites/default/files/publications/RacialWealthGap_2.pdf
•UK Government (2018). Home ownership. Ethnicity facts and figures https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/housing/owning-and-renting/home-ownership/latest
•UK Government (2018). Average Hourly Pay.Ethnicity facts and figures https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/pay-and-Income/ Employment /average-hourly-pay/latest
•UK Government (2018). State support. Ethnicity facts and figures. https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/work-pay-and-benefits/benefits/state-support/latest