- HBCD is a colorless solid
with the chemical formula: C12H18Br6.
is a man-made chemical that is widely used for flame retardant
purposes. It is long-lasting in the environment and possibly toxic.
(HBCD)1 is a brominated flame retardant used for many
years mainly in thermal insulation foams and in textile coatings.
- HBCD is usually stabilized
either by organo-tin and/or BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) based
systems, as part of masterbatch preparation.
- The production of HBCDD is
- The interconversion
processes of the major flame retardant –
1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) investigated– by the
means of statistical thermodynamics based on classical force-fields.
- A congener-specific method
based on high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray
ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ES-MS/MS) in the negative
ion mode was developed for the analysis of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD).
- The geographical
distribution of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was investigated
through analysis of muscle tissue of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus
pelamis) collected from offshore waters of Asia-Pacific region.
- These improved HBCD grades
show excellent performance in XPS application due to their very low
- HBCD is produced in one
European plant which is located in the Netherlands. This HBCD
production plant has developed methods and use state of the art
technology to control air, water and solid waste emissions:
- The Canadian government did
not consider HBCD a threat to human health at the levels of current
- The EU-wide consumption of
HBCDD few years back was 11,000 tonnes, implying net imports to the
EU of about 5,000 tonnes.
- The estimated releases of
HBCDD to the environment during the manufacture and formulation of
HBCDD are 41 kg to air, 60 kg to waste water and 35 kg to surface
water per year.
- HBCDD is presently only
produced at one site in the Netherlands.
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