In the early 20th century the Israeli Palestinian begans and conflict is still ongoing between Palestinians and Israelis. The conflict is wide ranging.
It is also referred to the earlier phases of the conflict that was between between the Zionist yishuv and the Arab population living in Palestine under Ottoman and then British rule. It forms part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict.
The issues generally are mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian freedom of movement and finding a resolution to the refugee question.
The conflict between them has prompted international actions, security and human rights concerns internationally.
The violence has curbed expansion of tourism in the region, which is full of historic and religious sites that are of interest to many people around the world.
Many attempts have been made for the creation of an independent Palestinian state and an independent Jewish state.
In 2007 a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, preferred the two state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict.
The Jewish people sees the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and thinks Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state.
A majority of Palestinians and Israelis view the West Bank and Gaza Strip as an acceptable location of the hypothetical Palestinian state in a two state solution.
Still some of significant areas of disagreement over the shape of any final agreement and also regarding the level of credibility each side sees in the other in upholding basic commitments.
The conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions. This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also within each society.
Fighting has been conducted by regular armies, paramilitary groups, terror cells and individuals. Casualties have not been restricted to the military, with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides. There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict.
The two parties engaged in direct negotiation are the Israeli government, currently led by Benjamin Netanyahu, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), currently headed by Mahmoud Abbas.
The official negotiations are mediated by an international contingent known as the Quartet on the Middle East represented by a special envoy that consists of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and the United Nations.
The Arab League is another important actor, which has proposed an alternative peace plan. Egypt, a founding member of the Arab League, has historically been a key participant.
Since 2003, the Palestinian side has more effects by conflict between the two major factions Fatah, the traditionally dominant party, and its later electoral challenger, Hamas.
Following Hamas' seizure of power in the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the territory controlled by the Palestinian National Authority is split between Fatah in the West Bank, and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
The division of governance between the parties has effectively resulted in the collapse of bipartisan governance of the Palestinian National Authority .
In November 2007, the meetings were aimed at having a final resolution by the end of 2008.
Direct negotiations between the Israeli government and Palestinian leadership began in September 2010 aimed at reaching an official final status settlement.