Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases the world has ever known, affecting almost 250 million people a year and resulting in over 860,000 deaths, mostly of children under the age of 5 years. With increased funding and the advent of public–private partnerships such as the Medicines for Malaria Venture, the search for new medicines to combat malaria has, over the last decade, undergone a renaissance. This is as a result of both increased funding and the recent development of new tools, such as high-throughput screening technology. In addition, public and political attention has been caught by calls from the Gates Foundation and World Health Organization for a strategy to eradicate malaria once and for all. This will mean having therapeutics to combat not only Plasmodium falciparum malaria – predominantly found in Africa – but also Plasmodium vivax malaria, which is endemic in many parts of Asia and South America. However, as with all infectious disease, there is a constant threat of drug resistance, and therefore a continual need for new medicines. In this review, we summarise the challenges posed by malaria drug discovery and development. We present the pipeline of existing treatments and those in clinical development. New modes of action are under investigation in preclinical discovery, and we review the opportunities as well as the risks to these early stage projects.
In: Elliott, R.L. (Ed.): Third World Diseases [Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 7]. Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-23486-6, pp. 125-180.
Discovering New Medicines to Control and Eradicate Malaria