Last updated on July 18th, 2023 at 04:37 pm
This post was updated on 13-Jun-16
If you’re one of my regular readers, you know I frequently reference technical standards in my posts. One question often asked, particularly by those new to the standards world, is, “Why are there so many competing or overlapping standards??” This question is usually asked with a lot of frustration, and usually at a point where they have just discovered that they chose a standard that was not applicable for some reason or missed an important one altogether. The webcomic xkcd gives a great explanation of this phenomenon:
You can see the original comic at xkcd.com by clicking on the comic.
How Standards Are Developed
Seriously, it falls to the National Standards Bodies (NSBs), like the Standards Council of Canada (SCC) up here in the Great White North, or ANSI in the USA, and the Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) that they accredit to control the standards development process. The old-school approach of consensus standards development is lengthy and, in some areas, especially web development, not fast enough to keep up with developments in the field. It’s probably fair to say that that is often true, but there tends to be a more significant gap in the web development area than in other technical fields. In the web development area, several less formal standards development initiatives are on the go, including developing HTML5 and CSS. The one significant criticism of these informal processes is that they do not control consensus, and there is no guarantee that all stakeholders are represented on the Technical Committees.
The Role of Standards Development Organizations
Traditional SDOs are usually members of NSBs like the Standards Council of Canada (SCC). These bodies help ensure that within a single country, only one SDO has the authority to create standards in a specific area or field. e.g. In Canada, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) has the authority to develop English and French standards in the electrical field (among many others). That authority is granted by SCC, which gets its power from the Federal Government of Canada.
Internationally, ISO and IEC have similar authority to the National Standardization Bodies, with ISO developing mechanical and materials-related standards and IEC developing electrical-related standards. Their authority comes from the United Nations and International Treaties that provide the basis for their operations. Much of Europe’s standardization work, which committees were doing at CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, is now being done by the same experts in most cases through ISO and IEC, using a treaty called the Vienna Agreement, which allows this to happen. This a wise move on the EU’s part and one that Canada should consider for many CSA standards.
CSA has developed a complex set of electrical safety standards in the 100+ years they have been in business. That set is based on CSA C22.1, the Canadian Electrical Code, which deals primarily with building and installation requirements, although it does have some sections for particular types of equipment, like motor-generator sets. “The Code,” as it’s called, or “Part 1”, is the basis for all electrical installations in Canada.
Then there’s Part 2. Unlike Part 1, which comes in a single document, Part 2 is a series of roughly 300 specialized standards dealing with various topics. Some are broadly general, like CAN/CSA-C22.2 NO. 0, General requirements – Canadian electrical code, part II, or C22.2 No. 0.4 on Bonding of Electrical Equipment, and then there are standards like C22.2 No. 14, Industrial control equipment, and C22.2 No. 286, Industrial control panels and assemblies appear to be confusingly similar, at least based on the title. Even reading the scope of the standard doesn’t really help, although it does tell us that No. 286 is a derivative standard from No. 14 and is intended to simplify the application of The Code to products covered by the scope of the standard.
A NEW Part 2 standard is in the works: CSA C22.2 No. 301, INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINERY. I’ve been a part of the Task Force developing the draft of this document, which is supposed further focus on the needs of industrial machinery. We did not restrict ourselves to “just” CSA C22.2 No. 14 as the basis for the document, nor is it strictly a refinement. I am too close to the document to know if we have achieved what we set out to do in the first place, but I look forward to seeing the results of the Public Review. I will announce that on the blog as soon as it happens. The document is planned for publication in the fall of 2016.
So why do we have so many overlapping and competing standards? Because humans are very creative creatures, they are also tough to control! We have some structures in place to try to handle this, but for now, we will continue to have overlapping and competing standards. That’s a good thing for me because I’d probably be out of business if there were only one standard for each product. Until then, call me if you need some help.
I’d love to hear your thoughts on this topic. Feel free to comment below. I read them all!
© 2011 – 2023, Compliance inSight Consulting Inc.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.