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English to Portuguese: History of Bonsai General field: Other Detailed field: Botany
Source text - English History of Bonsai
Although the word ‘Bon-sai’ is Japanese, the art it describes originated in the Chinese empire. By the year 700 AD the Chinese had started the art of ‘pun-sai’ using special techniques to grow dwarf trees in containers. Originally only the elite of the society practiced pun-tsai with native-collected specimens and the trees where spread throughout China as luxurious gifts. During the Kamakura period, the period in which Japan adopted most of China’s cultural trademarks, the art of growing trees in containers was introduced into Japan. The Japanese developed Bonsai along certain lines due to the influence of Zen Buddhism and the fact that Japan is only 4% the size of mainland China. The range of landscape forms was thus much more limited. Many well-known techniques, styles and tools were developed in Japan from Chinese originals. Although known to a limited extent outside Asia for three centuries, only recently has Bonsai truly been spread outside its homelands.
Translation - Portuguese História do Bonsai
Embora a palavra ‘Bon-sai’ seja japonesa, a arte que ela descreve tem origem no império chinês. Por volta do ano 700 a.C. os chineses começaram a arte do ‘pun-sai’, usando técnicas especiais para cultivar árvores anãs em bandejas. Originalmente, apenas a elite da sociedade praticava o pun-tsai com espécimes coletadas nativas, e, assim, as árvores foram espalhadas por toda a China como presentes de luxo. Durante o Período Kamakura, período em que o Japão adotou a maior parte das marcas registradas culturais da China, a arte de cultivar árvores em bandejas foi introduzida no Japão. Os japoneses desenvolveram o Bonsai ao longo de certas regras devido à influência do zen-budismo e do fato de que o Japão tem apenas 4% do tamanho da China continental. A variedade de formas de paisagem era, portanto, muito mais limitada. Muitas técnicas, estilos e ferramentas largamente conhecidos hoje foram desenvolvidos no Japão a partir de originais chineses. Embora conhecido de forma limitada fora da Ásia por três séculos, só recentemente o Bonsai tem sido verdadeiramente difundido fora de seus países de origem.
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