Molecular Methods of Identification of Wheat Varieties
Diagnostic based on DNA will play a notable role in plant breeding. It has a great practical valor and will be necessary tool for selection, identification and investigation of plant genome. It has also a commercial value ? it makes possible to identify which and whose lines (or varieties) were used to create the new one. Molecular methods are very useful tools for wheat (Triticum aestivun L.) cultivars identification and estimation of its genetic diversity. In this paper we describe created by RAPD-PCR method polymorphism of DNA and analyze it with numerical taxonomy methods.
Preliminary analysis of the wheat genome polymorphism by the RAPD indicated that the technique is useful for the identification of similarities between cultivars. Using 10 different primers we studied the pattern of specific amplified DNA fragments ? bands of 90 wheat varieties and found that three of these primers generated high level of polymorphism. One of these primers, selected for further studies, generated 38 bands with molecular weight of range from 215 to 1300 bp.
For the diversity analysis, all polymorphic loci were scored as present/absent. The bivariate 1-0 data were used as the raw matrix. A square symmetric matrix of similarity was obtained using the Czekanowski-Sorensen coefficient. Similarity matrix was then used for cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Averages (UPGMA) technique. A result was "finger print" of all varieties that allows for their identification. Using numerical taxonomy we identified 10 clusters in analyzed group of varieties that indicated high variability of genetic material in this group.
Andrzej Czaplicki, Piotr Borsuk, Ireneusz Moraczewski
Plant Breeding & Acclimatization Institute,