Malta achieved its independence on the 21 September 1964. This was the first time since prehistory that Malta was governed by its’ own inhabitants. Previous to this Malta was ruled under various countries, the last one being Britain. Queen Elizabeth II was still Head of State until 1974 when Malta finally became a Republic. September 21st is now a Public Holiday where a number of activities take place to commemorate this date. The main event is a Pontifical Mass and a concert with the National Orchestra of Malta held in Valletta at the St. John’s Cathedral. Other activities include a military parade in Valletta and another with bands and a concert in Victoria (Rabat) on the sister island of Gozo. Wreaths are also laid at the Independence Monument in Floriana.