Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to break down and weaken. The condition often progresses showing no symptoms or pain. It is often discovered when weakened bones develop fractures in the hip or back causing chronic pain. The exact cause for osteoporosis is not known. However, in women, the disease is associated with reduced levels of estrogen during and after menopause. Bone loss may begin during early menopause which happens before age 45. After menopause, the rebuilding of new bone is overtaken by bone resorption (the process that transfers calcium from bone tissue to the blood).
Scientific studies show that accelerated bone loss is at its peak during the few years before and after a woman’s last period. Other factors that raise the risk of osteoporosis are a petite, thin body structure and heredity of the condition. During perimenopause and menopause, there are treatments that one can undergo to keep bones strong and healthy and minimize bone loss or osteoporosis. They include prescription medication, calcium and vitamin D supplements, weight-bearing exercises and hormone replacement therapy.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis
Researchers believe that hormones such as estrogen play a significant role in bone health. It is why they recommend hormone therapy as a means to prevent or treat osteoporosis in women. Estrogen preserves calcium in the body and prevents bone resorption. Studies by endocrinologist Dr. Jerilynn Prior and other scientists show that progesterone may help in building bone, but some scientists have discovered otherwise.
The effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy in treating osteoporosis during perimenopause and menopause is uncertain. However, it is recommended for women:
- In early menopause.
- With low bone mass measured by a bone density test.
- With a petite, thin frame.
- With an osteoporosis family history.
- With medical conditions linked to osteoporosis.
Some forms of hormone replacement therapy increase the risk of developing blood clots, breast cancer, gallbladder disease and high blood pressure. Consult a doctor to determine the suitability of this treatment.