Uttar Pradesh (UP) has a population of 199 million people, roughly the size of Pakistan and Brazil. It is the most populous province of India. Modern Humans have been in the area since 75-83 thousand years ago, with evidence of domesticated animals and agriculture for about 8000 years. UP was the heartland of the Mughal Empire. The founder Babur was a descendant of Genghis Khan, leading a Muslim Empire, with Persian Culture, of a predominantly Central Asian Turkish ruling class. At its height, the empire covered modern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. The Maratha Empire followed, then they fell to the control of the British East India Company before becoming a British Colony. Currently part of the world's largest democracy, UP holds 80/545 seats of the lower house of the people (Lok Sabha) and 31/245 seats of the upper council of states (Rajya Sabha) of Indian Parliament. The lower house are representatives of directly elected member districts. The upper house is elected by members of the state legislatures via proportional representation - the number of seats depending on the size of population.