Developmental morphology study on the stomach of African ostrich chicks
This study investigates the developmental morphology changes on the proventriculus and gizzard of African ostrich chicks using gross anatomy, and light and transmission electronic microscopy. The body weight; the weight of the proventriculus and gizzard; the thickness of simple tubular glands, muscularis mucosae, compound tubular glands, and muscular layer of the proventriculus; and the thickness of the gizzard glands and muscularis mucosae were measured on postnatal d one, 45, 90, and 334. Under transmission electronic microscopy, the oxynticopeptic cells, mucous cells, and endocrine cells were observed in the proventriculus on postnatal d one, 45, and 90. Our results revealed that the weights of the proventriculus and gizzard (relative to the body weight) both peaked on d 90, respectively, and declined thereafter. The thicknesses of the simple tubular glands, muscularis mucosae, compound tubular glands, muscular layer of the proventriculus, and gizzard glands increased with increasing bird age. However, the thickness of the muscularis mucosae in the gizzard peaked on d 90 and gradually decreased thereafter. The result of transmission electron microscopy revealed that the glands in the submucosa layer of the proventriculus did not differ from other cell types, aside from an increase in cell diameter and an increase in cytoplasmic content. A significant increase in the number of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was noted, as well as an in granules secreted by endocrine cells. Therefore, to improve brood rates of reared African ostrich chicks, feed management ought to be enhanced between postnatal d one and day 90.