women in the United States receive Title V-supported prenatal care. A 1995 survey of Title V programs (Brown and Aliza, 1995), indicated that children with HIV/AIDS are eligible for preventive and primary care services in all Title V MCH, programs and for CSHCN services, including case management, in 90% of the programs reporting. A high degree of collaboration related to HIV/AIDS was noted with family planning programs, state AIDS offices, STD programs, local health agencies, and Ryan White activities, particularly the Title IV program for women, children, youth, and families.
In November 1995, the Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs developed and distributed to all state Title V MCH and CSHCN programs, a document entitled Opportunities for Reducing Transmission of HIV to Infants: Guidelines for State Title V Program Leadership (Kagan and Aliza, 1995).
Administered by the Bureau of Primary Health Care, the four federal health center programs (Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act) consist of the migrant health centers program, health care for the homeless, health services for residents of public housing, and the community health center program. These programs, formerly authorized under Sections 329, 330, 340, and 340A, have been consolidated under one section, Section 330, and are an important source of funding for services in specific geographical areas designated as underserved. The total appropriation for FY 1998 is $826 million.
Services required of health centers includes primary care services, diagnostic laboratory and radiologic services, preventive health services (prenatal and perinatal services, screening for breast and cervical cancer, well child services, immunizations, screening for communicable diseases, elevated blood lead levels and cholesterol, pediatric eye, ear, and dental screenings, family planning services, preventive dental services), emergency medical services, and pharmaceutical services. Health centers also are required to provide referrals to providers, including substance abuse and mental health services, patient case management services, support services, and education of patients and the general population.
The CDC is an agency of the DHHS. Its purpose is to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. The CDC encompasses eleven centers, institutes, and offices. The National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention is the major locus for HIV prevention activities. The Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion also plays a role in HIV prevention and the Division of Adolescent and School Health supports counseling related to HIV/AIDS in the school health setting.