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Enduring vision chapter 18 ROS
Terms in this set (69)
A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts.
effects of railroad consolidation
1. Changes Concepts of Distance, communit
interstate commerce act
1887 law passed to regulate railroad and other interstate businesses
Establishes Interstate Commerce Commission
A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.
acquiring control of all the steps required to change raw materials into finished product
The largest steel company of the US, created by J.P. Morgan by merging Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel and several other steel companies together; at the time, the largest corporation in existence.
John D Rockefeller
Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history
Several companies agree to divide up business in an area and then fixed their prices at a high level
standard oil trust
Rockefeller's company, in 1881, owned 90 percent of the oil refinery business, with a board of trustees at the head
When diffrent companies produce the same product so they just merge together to make one business.
(economics) a market in which control over the supply of a commodity is in the hands of a small number of producers and each one can influence prices and affect competitors
sherman antitrust act
1890 - A federal law that committed the American government to opposing monopolies, it prohibits contracts, combinations and conspiracies in restraint of trade.
a form of business which does not create anything itself; instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods
supreme court's interpretation of sherman antitrust act
The court interpreted the interstate commerce power as giving Congress no constitutional right to regulate local commerical activites such as establishing safe working conditions for laborers or protecting children from long working long hours
United states v. E.C. Knight Company
1895 Supreme Court case-ruled that the Sherman Antitrust Act could only be applied only to commerce, not to manufacturing. As a result, the U.S.Department of Justice secured few convictions until the law was strengthened during the Progressive Era
impact of new technology in 1890
Telegraph, Light Bulb,
American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures.
Role of advertising
to inform, persuade and remind groups of customers, or marketers about the need-satisfying value of the company's goods and services
costs and benefits of industrialization
Fuel, Water, Air pollutants, Water pollutants, solid waste, jobs, land used, costs for power and energy produced. Mine-transport-process-electrical power plant-waste disposal in fuel cycle. Built power plant, fuel cycle, decommission power plant.
new south creed
Phrase used to describe the South's supposed emergence from the Civil War as a region no longer dependent upon slave labor because it was industrializing
Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, preached about economically diversified South with industries and small farms, and absent of the influence of the pre-war planter elite in the political world.
southern mill economy
The textile mills that mushroomed the in the southern countryside in the 1880s that often became catalysts for the formation of new towns, country ways, and values in the south.
Established by factory owners to supply necessary goods and services for their workers, these towns often caused employees to become very dependent on the mills.
factors inhibiting the growth on south
Strong upper level wind shear and strong trade wind inversion, and cold sea temperatures.
dangerous working conditions
-low labor cost meant workers received low wages and had inferior or nonexistent fringe benefit
Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories.
refers to labor done by immigrants; the Exclusion Act limited Chinese immigration; Foran Act got rid of Padrone System; Immigration Restriction League was formed by Harvard graduates to restrict immigration
Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work
He was America's most popular author, but also renowned platform lecturer. He lived from 1835 to 1910. Used "romantic" type literature with comedy to entertain his audiences. In 1873 along with the help of Charles Dudley Warner he wrote The Gilded Age. This is why the time period is called the "Gilded Age". The greatest contribution he made to American literature was the way he captured the frontier realism and humor through the dialect his characters use.
William H Sylvis
founder of national labor union
National labor union
1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8 hour work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers. Led to the creation of unions.
Knights of Labor
(GC) , one of the most important American labor organizations of the 19th century. Founded by seven Philadelphia tailors in 1869 and led by Uriah S. Stephens, its ideology may be described as producerist, demanding an end to child and convict labor, equal pay for women, a progressive income tax, and the cooperative employer-employee ownership of mines and factories. Leaderships under Powderly, successful with Southwest Railroad System, failed after Haymarket Riot
founder of Knights of Labor
Terence V Powderly
Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (allowing segregation)
Chinese Exclusion Act
(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
Knights of labor and Jay Gould
The two biggest labor unions of the Progressive Era, Knights of Labor were more inclusive; AFL very exclusive, only white, skilled workers
american federation of labor
1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.
Craft/ trade unions
a labor union with members in same craft. could strike because they were harder to replace
Great railroad strike
July, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men.
Yellow dog contracts
A written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company.
1886 incident that made unions, particularly the Knights of Labor, look violent because a bomb exploded during a protest of striking workers.
1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.
Pullman Palace car strike
Protesting wage cuts that occurred during an economic depression; strike was broken when the US attorney general got a court order to end the strike; supported by the railroad industry; American Railway Union refused to work on trains carrying Pullman cars; stopped most railway traffic in the midwest; government supported big business
1855-1926. American union leader, one of the founders of the International Labor Union and the Industrial Workers of the World, and five-time Socialist Party of America Presidential Candidate.
In re Debs
A case in which the Supreme Court approved the use of court injunctions against strikes, which gave employers a very powerful weapon to break unions.(1895)
(USG) , the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
Adam smith and wealth of nations
believed in laissez - faire capitalism - when the state does not interfere in economic matters - wrote book about a perfect government - protect society from invasion, defend citizens from injustice, keep up certain public works that private individuals alone could not afford
the gospel of wealth
Book published by Andrew Carnegie - argued the wealthy people have the obligation to give back to poor
A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.
what social classes owe to each other
essay published by William Sumner, saying that people were deserving of their great fortunes
A two volume, 1200 page publication by Lester Ward. He hoped to restore the central importance of experimentation and the scientific method to the field of sociology
progress and poverty
Written by Henry George, critical of entreprenuers, after studying poverty in America, determined that rich didn't pay fair share of taxes and proposed "Single Tax" on incremental value of land
By Edward Bellamy's utopian novel, Sold 1 million copies. It told of a young Bostonian who fell asleep and woke up in the year 2000 to find a perfect social order.
Karl Marx's book that said all social classes should end and everyone should be equal with equal ownership of businesses
In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions.
Karl Marx's term for the working class in a capitalist society
Group of people that believed that government exploits people on behalf of the wealthier classes and wanted to destroy all governments. They assassinated many leaders.
Bessemer Steel Process
Makes steel stronger and made it possible to build skyscrappers
Makes steel from scrap or raw materials
Railroads in 1859
Railroads extended west of Missouri River
Railroads in 1869
First Continental railroad completed
Promontory Point Utah
Place where first continental railroad met
Chinese Immigrants as workers
Irish immigrants and civil war vets as workers
Munn v. Illinois
Supreme court upholds states right to regulate railroads
Mary Harris Jones
Most prominent organizer in women's labor
organizer for International Ladies Garment Workers
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
1.Manage close and block doors with barrels of kerosene
2.Fire completely engulfs the building
3.150 women die
4.hits newspaper and starts movement for better conditions
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