Anthocyanins are brightly-colored compounds responsible for much of the red, blue, and purple coloring of fruits. They are especially abundant in berries such as blueberries Kinase Inhibitor Library cost and blackcurrants (Kahkonen, Hopia, & Henonen, 2001). Acerola and surinam cherry (pulp and by-product) showed the highest (P < 0.05) levels of total anthocyanins. An interesting finding was that the by-products
of cashew apple, papaya, mango, passion fruit, and surinam cherry showed higher (P < 0.05) levels of total anthocyanins than those obtained in their pulps, which provide potential applications for nutraceutical supplements, dietary additives and/or pharmaceutical products. No anthocyanins were detected on soursop and sapodilla pulps and sapodilla by-product. Except for surinam cherry and acerola, total anthocyanins values for fruit pulps were lower in comparison to common berries, such as, red grapes (137.8 mg/100 g d.b.), strawberries (236 mg/100 g d.b.), red raspberries (647.9 mg/100 g d.b.), cherries (616.2 mg/100 g d.b.), and blackberries (2954.2 mg/100 g d.b.) (Wu et al., 2006). Comparable levels of total anthocyanins were observed on different cultivars of apple and peach, with values ranging from 8.2 to 84.8 mg/100 g d.b. and 0.8 to 3.1 mg/100 g d.b., respectively (Segantini et al., 2012 and Wu et al., 2006). Only monbin, passion fruit, surinam cherry and tamarind
pulps and acerola, cashew apple, papaya, mango, passion fruit and surinam cherry by-products presented yellow flavonoids
in their content (Table Osimertinib in vitro 2). The values obtained for yellow flavonoids in the fruit pulps are in the same range of those reported for tropical fruits (Rufino Erlotinib clinical trial et al., 2010); although, similar values are observed difference in the origin of fruit samples makes a comparison difficult. By-products samples showed higher levels (P < 0.05) of yellow flavonoids than the pulps, similar to the results obtained for total anthocyanins. According to Almeida et al. (2011), foods rich in antioxidants play an essential role in the prevention of diseases. The antioxidant capacities of fruits vary depending on their contents of vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and particularly -carotene (von Lintig, 2010), and lycopene (Shami & Moreira, 2004) as well as flavonoids and other polyphenols (Saura-Calixto & Goni, 2006). The results for β-carotene and lycopene content are listed on Table 3. Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids found throughout the flowering plant kingdom as a pigment mostly responsible for the red, orange or yellow color of fruits and are important vitamin A precursors. As they are found widely in plants, it is not surprising that a large number of carotenoids have been reported in tropical fruit species (Pierson et al., 2012). Acerola and papaya pulps showed the highest (P < 0.05) content of β-carotene. Surinam cherry by-product has shown to be an excellent source of β-carotene when compared to the other by-products.