Seismic tomography provides high-resolution 2D or 3D images of seismic velocities between boreholes. The method is used to delineate geological structures, to map cavities and weak zones and to specify mechanical soil and rock properties.
Geophysicists and engineers apply this method to investigate the foundation and underlying rock of buildings and bridges in order to characterize the subsurface before infrastructure is built and to image time-dependent processes.Equipment »
The crosshole test provides a depth profile of shear wave velocities (VS) and compressional wave velocities (VP) between boreholes at a high vertical resolution. The method is used to determine soil dynamic parameters, such as shear modulus, Poisson ratio and Young’s modulus. Engineers use these key parameters to predict the response of soils to dynamic loading.Equipment »
The downhole test provides shear wave velocities (VS) and compressional wave velocities (VP) for geological layers along a single borehole. Soil dynamic parameters, such as shear modulus, Poisson ratio and Young’s modulus can be determined to evaluate the soil’s response to dynamic loading. The downhole test has a lower vertical resolution than the crosshole test.Equipment »
Near-surface seismic surveying enable the mapping of seismic velocities, related material properties and geological structures. Refraction, reflection and MASW (multichannel analysis of surface waves) are capable methods for near-surface engineering and exploration applications.Equipment »