One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained.
1Generally. A philosopher, a thinker; a man of letters, an intellectual. Now rare.
2Specifically (usually in form philosophe): a writer or thinker sympathetic to, associated with, or sharing the rationalist philosophies and values of the French Enlightenment. Also attributive or as adjective Now historical.
Old English; earliest use found in Orosius' History. In Old English from classical Latin philosophus; in later use, especially in sense 2, largely reborrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French philosophe an authority of ancient learning, e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, person who studies or practises philosophy, in early use especially a scholar studying science, theology, and humanities with speculative methods, alchemist, free-thinker, rationalist philosopher from classical Latin philosophus lover of wisdom, philosopher from ancient Greek ϕιλόσοϕος from ϕιλο- + σοϕός wise.
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