Flashcards in Obesity part 3 Deck (14):
What are the 5 As of obesity management?
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ASSESS obesity related risks and root causes of obesity
ADVISE on health risks and treatment options
AGREE on health outcomes and behavioural goals
ASSIST in accessing appropriate resources and providers
What are therapeutic objectives, individually tailored about obesity?
Changes in eating behaviours
Weight loss/ weight stabilization
Prevention of weight regain (or weight gain)
Reduction in risk factors (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension...)
Eligibility for surgery
What are the effects of weight loss on diabetes control?
Increase glucose tolerance
Increase insulin sensitivity
Decrease need for glucose lowering medications
What are some effects of weight loss on cardiovascular diseases?
Normalizes triglyceride levels
Raises HDL cholesterol
Lowers LDL cholesterol
Improves CHD risk profile
Reduces need for antihyperlipidemic medication
What are benefits of weight loss on hypertension?
- Systolic blood pressure
- Blood volume
- Cardiac output
- Sympathetic activity
- Need for antihypertensive medication
What are the 2 phases in weight management, how do they differ?
Weight loss phase
- hypocaloric diet
Weight maintenance phase
- isocaloric diet
When weight loss, decrease REE. 3-4 months after energy deficit diet, the diet becomes iso-caloric => you no longer loose weight. PLateau phase If you want to loose further, readjust diet.
What are the priorities in the balanced diet?
1. Create energy deficit
2. Avoid nutritional deficiencies
3. Preserve lean mass
4. Promote long-term adherence (avoid hunger)
=> change behavioural and dietary habits for life
What diet is the most efficient in weight maintenance after weight loss?
High protein, low GI => combination effect
What are some advantages of a high protein diet for weight loss vs standard protein diet for weight loss?
HP diets have greater reduction in:
- Body weight
- Fat mass
- Serum TGs
Less reduction in fat free mass
What are the recommendations for the balanced diet in terms of macronutrients?
Weight reduction diet for 6-12 months: high protein and low/moderate fat
Within acceptable macronutrient distribution range:
-10-35% protein: 25 -30% during weight loss, 15-20% for maintenance
-45-65% carbohydrates (favor whole grains, limit added sugars)
- Better < or = 30% total fat (include good sources of essential FA, low intake of saturated and trans FA)
What are nutritional education tools good for?
- Content of a plate
- Normal portion sizes
- Read food labels
What is the recommendation for amount of proteins in a weight reduction diet?
in a diet 600-1200 kcal/day => 1.2-1.5 g/kg/d
in a diet of >1200 kcal/day => 1.0-2.0g/kg/d
What is the recommendation for CHO in a weight reduction diet?
45-65% of diet in diet from 600 and more kcal/day