Please note when it comes to the exact dates of events in ancient history, there are conflicts between different biblical and temporal calculations. But, no matter. The results are the same. JSK
Below are some of the weekly entries in the Jewish Press column written by staff writer Jeff Reznik with occasional additional information added by Jerome S. Kaufman, Editor, Israel Commentary
Beginning of Christian Era (CE)
70 Romans destroyed Second Temple creating the Jewish Diaspora that endures to this day. Many Jews have returned to Israel with
its rebirth May, 1948.
1095 Nov 26 First Crusade began
1096 Jews in Germany Killed by First Crusaders
1096 Crusaders kill 297 of the 300 Jews in German town of Eller
1099 First Crusade attacked Jerusalem
1163 China – Kaifeng’s Jews built a large and beautiful synagogue, which was subsequently renovated and rebuilt on numerous occasions throughout the centuries. At its peak, during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the Kaifeng Jewish community may have numbered as many as 5,000 people. By the 17th century, a number of Chinese Jews had attained high ranks in the Chinese civil service, but along with success came the blight of assimilation, which took an increasingly heavy toll on the community and its cohesion. As a result, by the mid-1800s, the Chinese Jews’ knowledge and practice of Judaism had largely faded away. The last rabbi of the community is believed to have died in the early part of the 19th century, and the synagogue-building was all but destroyed by a series of floods which struck the city in the 1840s and thereafter.
1189 Prominent Jews barred and attacked attempting to attend coronation of Richard Lion Hearted, London – 30 killed, began in
Norwich England. Some escaped to bishop’s castle.
1209 Pope Innocent III launched a crusade against the town of Beziers, Fance. 200 Jews were killed
1221 June Jews of Erfurt Germany accused of ritual murder, crowd stormed the synagogue, Jewish quarter, Jews tortured and killed.
1253 Pope Innocent IV allowed expulsion of Jews from France
1267 Jews of Silesia forced to wear skull cap in public appearances
1269 King Louis IX ordered all Jews in France to wear a yellow badge
1278 Jews were ordered to attend theological sermons, delivered by Christians, by decree of Pope Nicholas III
1283 Jews of France forbidden to repair their synagogues by decree of King Phillip the Bold
1290 Jews expelled by Edward I from England
1322 Jews expelled from France
1348 Jews of Zurich, Switzerland accused of ritual murder, driven out and killed
1349 Black death torture and killing of Jews in Germany
1391 5000 Jews killed in Seville, Spain
1394 Jews expelled from France again by King Charles VI
1415 Pope Benedict XIII – bull condemning Torah
1427 Jews expelled from Berne Switzerland
1492 Jews expelled from Spain
1492 Aug. Christopher Columbus sailed with many Jews believed aboard, escaping the Spanish Inquisition. The navigators of the 3 boats were Jews, a profession to which Jews gravitated at the time.
1498 Death of Tomas de Torquemada, Leader of Spanish Inquisition
1516 Ghetto established for Jews in Venice, Italy
1539 Jews expelled from Hungary
1567 Jews expelled from Genoa, Italy
1567 Jews, decreed by Regent Don Henrique, not allowed to settle in Brazil
1569 Inquisition established in S. America
1569 Jews expelled from Papal State by Pope Pius V
1648 Jews escaping from Russian Chmielnicki massacres fled to a fortified castle in Polonnoye Ukraine where 10,000 were massacred.
1655 Peter Stuyvesant thwarted in his attempt to expel Jews from New Amsterdam by the Dutch West India Company
1656 Jewish burial in a Jewish cemetary became legal in New Amsterdam
1656 Jewish community of Amsterdam excommunicated Baruch Spinoza
1567 Jews to no longer aloud to settle in Brazil
1670 Jews of Vienna, Austria – Emperor Leopold I expelled 4000 Jews unless convert and Great Synagogue burned down and replaced by church1760 Death of Baal Shem Tov, Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer, Founder of Chassidism
1675 Death of Bogdan Chmielnicki, who was responsible for Cossacks murder of 300,000 Jews
1716 Jews expelled from Brussels
1727 Jews expelled from Ukraine by Empress Catherine I
1731 Vatican librarian Costanzi led search parties to all Jewish quarters throughout Papal States to confiscate Jewish holy books. This would continue for decades.
1737 NY Assembly disallowed Jews to vote.
1763 Cornerstone of Touro Synagogue laid in Newport, RI
1765 Chair created at Harvard College for study of Hebrew
1765 Chair established at Harvard College for the study of Hebrew
1774 Jews expelled from Prague by Empress Maria Theresa
1791 Pale of Settlement forced upon Jews by Empress Catherine. Jews allowed no where else in Russia
1798 Rabbi Schneur Zalman was released from St Petersburg prison, Founder of Lubavitch and author of Tania
1808 Napoleon required all Jews in France to use surnames
1816 Jews expelled from Lubeck, Germany
1838 Arabs attack the Jews of Safed Israel (By the way, no Israeli state for 110 years to complain about but Jews killed anyway)
1868 Dec. Romanian Jews forbidden from being Drs.
1868 The KKK lynched a Jew named S.A. Bierfield in Franklin. TN on some trumped up charge
1873 Yar ziet of first Jewish Mayor of London, Sir David Salomons
1881 Pogroms in Konotop and Waslikov Russia against Jews, continued for 3 years
1897 Theodore Hertzl published Der Judenstaat
1899 Romanian Jews blacklisted from Universities
1901 Arabs attacked Jews of Gedera, Palestine
1902 Formation of Union of Orthodox Rabbis in US and Canada
1903 Russia outlawed Zionism and funding Zionism (First Zionist Congress with Theodore Herzl 1899, Herzl died July 3, 1904
1909 Dagania Alegh founded in Palestine
1909 Polish Legionnaires looted and burned Jewish section of Vilna during 4 day pogrom Hundreds of Jews murdered and arrested and tortured. (Obvious Polish hatred of Jews long before Hitler found his “Willing Executioners”)
1909 City of Tel Aviv founded in Palestine, became Israel 1948
1917 Dec. 9, British took Jerusalem from Ottoman Empire
1929 Arabs attacked Jews throughout Palestine. Many Jews beaten and killed. The attack in Hebron was particularly brutal. Arabs
using swords attacked men, women, children an students. 67 Jews including 23 Yeshiva students were killed.
1935 Sep 15, Hitler published Nurenberg Laws against Jews stripping them of all their civil rights
1936 Dec 26 – Palestinian (The Jews were called “Palestinians” at that time) Philharmonic played for first time under Arturo
1939 May Nurenberg Laws stripping Jews of their civil rights
1940 May 1 Churchill replaced Chamberlain
1940 Battle of Britain raged against the Germans
1940 Feb 200,000 Jews of Lodz, Poland moved into Baluty Ghetto
1940 Aug. 4 – Death of Vladimer (Z’ev) Jabotinsky – Ardent leader, orator, writer, linguist, poet, journalist, Founder of
Revisionist Zionism, who spent years begging the Jews to leave Europe before it was too late and was despised for his efforts
and called an alarmist. That part is true but no one paid any attention to the alarm, 6 million exterminated Jews later.
1941 June Vichy France warplanes bomb Tel Aviv, 20 Jews killed
1941 July 200 Torahs gathered from synagogues in Poland and burned in special ceremony. Later that day, Heinrich Himmler
arranged for the creation of the Maidanek murder camp in Lublin Poland
1941 Nazis and Willing Executor Latvians killed 2300 Jews in Riga
1941 Dec 8, Birkeneku – 1500 old Jews from Riga ghetto slaughtered by SS in forest.
1941 June 22 Hitler turns against Soviet Union
1941 June – Germans occupy Lithuania and begin the round up and slaughter of Jews with plenty of willing Lithuanian fellow executioners.
1941 Dec 10 Hitler declares war on US after Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
1942 Sept Jews of Lida Poland Ghetto, 10,000 killed
1942 Feb Himmler selects 80 Jews from Auschwitz for his skeletal collection museum at Univ. of Strasbourg. Murdered by lethal injection and then corpses burned to prevent damage to their bones to become part of Nazi planned the Jewish museum of an extinct people they had been deliberately exterminated. (Too bad we don’t have a museum of Nazi German bones to display)
1942 July The German Nazi SS murdered 10,000 Jews in the ghetto of Minsk, Byelorussia.
1943 After the beginning of WWII in 1941, the Allied fleet had regained the Mediterranean as its own lake.
1944 October Anne Frank transferred from Auschwitz to Bergen Belsen where she died.
1945 Feb 12 Death of Hadassah founder Henrietta Szold
1945 May 2 Goebbels and wife Magda poisoned their 6 children and then committed suicide.
1945 May 4 Germany surrenders unconditionally.
1945 May Dachau Concentration Camp liberated.
1946 42 Jews of 200 killed by Poles when they returned to Kielce to claim their stolen occupied homes
1946 June, British arrested 100 Jewish Agency leaders in Palestine – called Black Shabbos.
1947 Nov 29 UN agreed to partition Palestine
1947 Dec. Jordanians laid siege to Jerusalem, 40 Jews killed at Haifa oil facility
1948 May 14 Israel’S Independence Day (Yom Ha’atzmaut in Hebrew) celebrating the declaration (and Rebirth) of the state of Israel
by David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv and the end of the British Mandate of Palestine
1948 May 15 Five Arab nations (Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Lebanon) attacked immediately to annihilate the reborn Jewish State.
1948 800,000 Jews driven out penniless (their properties all confiscated) from Arab nations in which they had lived for thousands of years. Approximately 400,000 Arabs, despite Israel’s exhortions to stay, left Israel and were herded into refugee camps in surrounding Arab Nations. The refugees were never allowed citizenship (except in Jordan). Their numbers have swelled to millions under UNESCO a unique UN relief program just for Palestinian refugees, while the rest of the world’s WWII refugees were accepted as citizens by their host countries regardless of their place of origin.
1949 March 10 Israel Defense Forces (IDF) liberated Eilat in southern Israel
1949 March David Ben-Gurion formed Israel’s first government.
1951 Jan 17 The succession of Rabbi Menachim Mendel Schneerson as Seventh Lubavitcher Rabbi. Lyubavichi is a village in Smolensk, Russia since before 1654, had 2500 residents in 1857, declined with onset of Communism, Nov
1953 Soviet Union recalled its ambassador and cut off relations with Israel
1960 Adolph Eichmann captured in Argentina, Buenos Aires, where had lived for years, hanged in Israel May 31, 1962
1961 July 31. The one millionth immigrant arrived in Israel. Israel reborn in 1948. Up until that time, Britain severely limited the number of Jews they would allow into their biblical homeland.
1963 First Jewish Governor of NY elected – Herbert H. Lehman
1967 Six Day War – June 6, 1967 – After just 36 hours of fighting, the IDF were deep into Sinai, captured Gaza, Kalkilya, Jenin in Samarian Hills and surrounded Jerusalem. Israelis June 28, 1967 regained and annexed Jerusalem after over 1900 years of exile following Roman Conquest 70 CE
1969 Death of Levi Eshkol – former Israel PM (right after Ben Gurion)
1970 Libya All Jewish property confiscated and Jews driven out penniless, no compensation ever since
1973 Henry Kissinger, First Jewish Secy of State sworn in, under Nixon
1976 Entebbe rescue of > 100 Jews in airport Uganda, Jonathan Netanyahu, Bibi’s brother killed.
1977 Nov. Egyptian Pres. Anwar Sadat addressed Knesset, Dec. 1977 Menachim Begin met with Sadat at Ismalia, Egypt.
1978 Sep 17 Carter/Begin/Sadat Camp David talks ended
1981 June 7 Israel destroys Iraq nuclear weapon
II Video. Despite all of the above, it is Rosh Hashanah. Rejoice. We are still here. Baruch Hashem (Blessed be to G-d).
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