_______is a substance other than food used to prevent disease or pregnancy, aid in diagnosis and treatment of disease, restore or maintain functions in the body
________is the healthcare proffessional who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications on the order of a licensed practitioner of medicine
Registered Pharmacist RPh
What is an important part of nursing practice ?
Teaching the client about the effects and possile side effects of medications prescribed for them.
Documentation of teachings and the clients response to instruction verifies that teaching did what?
take place and that the client understands his or her medication regimen
What does the FDA (food and drug administration) operate under?
US Department of Health and Human Services
What does the FDA do?
Makes sure medications and therapeutic agents are safe and effective for public use and sets the standards of strength and purity
What are two national publications that state the standards for medication approval?
USP- US Pharmacopia
NF- National Formulary
What does the Controlled Substance Act do?
regulates manufacture, prescription, and distribution of psychoactive medications.
What are examples of psychoactive medications that the Controlled Substance Act regulates?
How do you protect controlled substances in a healthcare facility?
1. keep in double locked drawers and cabinets
2. keys must be in a licensed nurses possession at all times
3. specialized forms or computer documentation for the use of controlled substance
What is done between shift for controlled substance drug verfication?
Two nurses one coming in and one leaving does a drug count to verfy
What does the client have a right to?
Know the name, action, and possible side effects of medications administered to them and to refuse the medications
What does drug references provide?
4. desired actions
5. recommended dosage
6. adverse actions of medications
7. facts and comparisons
What are drug references used today?
1. PDR- Physicians Desk Reference
2. PDR Nurse's Drug Handbook
3. USD- US Despensatory
4. NF- National Formulary
5. Nursing Drug Reference
6. Handbook of Drugs for Nursing Practice
7. Nurse's Drug Looseleaf
When does the client usually experience an adverse or allergic reaction?
usually not on the first exposure to medication usually second or third usually worse with each dose therafter
You should stay alert for what when giving medication?
adverse reactions even if the client has received the medication previously
Nurses are obligated to know the what of any medication administered?
- generic and common trade name
- recommended dosage
- desired effects
- possible adverse or untoward effects
If a client experiences an adverse reaction and the nurse does not recognize and doesnt institute appropriate action what has happened?
The nurse has committed a medication error which is the same as if the wrong medication had been given
What are the routes of admistration of medication?
1. Enteral- Oral or Rectal
2. Parenteral- Injectable, Transdermal, Inhalant
_______often similar to the chemical name and is assigned by the medications first manufacturer
_______,_____or_______is the copyrighted name assigned by the company making the medication and is followed by the trademark R symbol
Trade, Proprietary or Brand
_______or ______medication that enhances the effects of another medication
synergistic or potentiating
What are side effects?
Secondary effects that are produced which are not the desired therapeutic effect, some can be considered adverse reactions
The primary care provider may not be aware that the client takes what?
supplements of herbs or homeopathic remedies
Herbs and homeopathic remedies may have potential drug interactions with a prescribed medication. (T/F)
Combinations of herbal supplements or of supplements and prescribed medications may also produce____________
life-threatening adverse effects
What are some medicatin forms?
4. inhalers- metered-dose inhaler MDI
5. transdermal- through the skin
---Slow release SR
---Extended releas ER
9. Orally disintigrating tablet ODT
11. Chewing gum
_______is a tablet that coating does not dissolve until it reaches the intestine because the medication can irritate the stomach mucosa
_______is medication in powdered or pellet form enclosed in soluble cylindrical gelatin like material
_________form of solid medication that is placed on the clients tongue and dissolves instantly thus ensuring medication compliance
ODT- orally disintegrating tablet
Many tablets and pills can be ______for easier swallowing or to make sure the client takes them.
What medications should not be crushed?
Capsules, Time-released medications, orally disintegrating tablets and enteric coated tablets
What are forms of injectable medications?
4. intravenous IV or intraarterial IA
_____amount of medication required to obtain a desired effect in the majority of clients
_____larger than the usual continuing dose, may be given as the first dose of a newly perscribed medication to establish a minimum blood level
_______is the largest amount that can be given safely without causing an adverse reaction or toxic effect
What are the factors affecting medication prescription?
2. paradoxical response
5. Client's Condition
6. Disposition and psychological state
7. method of administration
9. time of administration
All medication and other orders must be clear, understandable and open to only one interpretation befor the nurse can do what?
take any action