Screening Sexually Transmitted Diseases
STDs may give symptoms and express out themselves. However, they may sometimes remain absolutely silent for years. Screening is, therefore, required to catch them is phases of dormancy.
STDs and Their Spread
There are a variety of sexually transmitted disease.
As the name suggests, STDs spread mainly via unprotected sex. However, these diseases spread via non sexual routes also.
The spread requires conditions where you get in touch with infected vaginal secretions, semen or blood. This happens commonly during sex of any kind, taking recreational drugs with infected needles, using infected pools or commodes etc.
If you have a cut or abraded skin on your body and that gets in touch with infected fluid, you may catch the infection.
List of Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Chlamydia and gonorrhea
- Genital herpes
STDs are not screened routinely. If you have multiple sexual partners or you are health professional dealing with blood or other body fluids, request your doctor to screen you for STDs.
Each of the STD needs to be screened separately.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
Testing for the presence Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), the causative organisms for chlamydia and gonorrhea respectively, is done simultaneously.
A swab is taken from inside the penis in men and cervix in women. The sample is then analyzed in the laboratory for the presence of the causative agent.
Alternatively, a urine sample may be taken.
A positive result means that you are infected and need to be treated with antibiotics.
This disease is caused by a bacteria called Treponema pallidum.
A swab is taken from the genital sore or any other lesion and tested for the presence of the pathogen.
Alternatively, a blood sample may be taken and screened for the presence of antibodies. Antibodies may be found in the blood or the CSF.
Hepatitis B or C
The causative organisms are viruses that cannot be isolated.
Blood samples are collected to detect the presence of surface antigens of the viruses in blood.
Alternatively, antibodies produced in response to the viral antigens are detected in blood.
Trichomonas vaginalis is a motile protozoan that causes this illness. It affects the urogenital tracts of both men and women.
Diagnosis is made by isolating the protozoan. Swab sample is taken from the urethra or prostatic samples in men. In women, they may be taken form the vaginal or cervical secretions.
Broth culture technique is the standard way employed for the protozoa.
This is tested by taking a blood sample and looking for viral particles or broken pieces of the causative virus in blood. The technique is called PCR testing.
Alternatively, if you have a lesion, a swab may be taken from there and cell culture is done to isolate the virus.
Human papilloma virus causes this problem. Diagnostic test is pap smear, which shows changes suggesting its presence.
More specific DNA testing may then be done to be sure of the diagnosis.
Both antigen testing or antibody detection is done for testing HIV.
ELISA testing for detecting antibody presence is the commonest that is being carried out. Another test for antibody detection is the western blot method.