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21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function
This activity contains 20 questions.
expands blood vessels near your skin's surface
initiates dehydration mechanisms
lowers your blood pressure
synthesizes additional connective tissue
Which of the following levels of structure encompasses all the others?
Which of the following is a true statement?
Anatomy screens for the most effective variations among individuals of a population.
Anatomy is the study of the function of an organism's structural equipment.
A bird's wings, a fish's gills, or a mammal's teeth are products of purposeful invention.
Knowing the function of a biological structure provides insight about its construction.
Physiology is the study of the structure, or form, of an organism and its parts.
The four major categories of tissue are __________.
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and stratified squamous
blood, nervous, connective, and muscle
nervous, epithelial, connective, and muscle
bone, muscle, blood, and adipose
muscle, epithelial, bone, and cartilage
Which of these is a function of epithelial tissue?
attaching bones to one another
providing the interior lining of blood vessels
propelling food through the digestive tract
the rapid relay of information from one part of the body to another
Which of the following binds epithelia to underlying tissues and is the most widespread connective tissue in the body of vertebrates?
loose connective tissue
fibrous connective tissue
Which of the following tissues produces voluntary body movements?
fibrous connective tissue
Which of the following correctly pairs a tissue and its function?
neurons–transport system of the body
smooth muscle–contractions of the digestive tract to move food
fibrous connective tissue–stores energy
What is the primary function of nervous tissue?
forming a protective outer layer
transport of gases
Which of the following correctly lists components of an organ system found in humans?
endocrine system: brain, thyroid gland, pancreas
lymphatic and immune system: thymus, spleen, liver, lymph nodes
excretory system: kidneys, bladder, uterus
female reproductive system: oviduct, ovary, urethra, vagina
digestive system: esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, anus
Which of the following are mechanisms used by animals to increase the rate of exchange of materials?
moist lining of cell surfaces
a surface with many branches or infoldings
large size, which allows a larger surface area for exchange
moist lining of cell surfaces and a surface with many branches or infoldings
reduction in the liquid portion of blood
Homeostasis is the __________.
idea that all vertebrates are built in a similar way
exchange of materials with the surrounding environment
maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
cooperation of body parts to form tissues, organs, and systems
correlation of structure and function
Negative feedback is a method of homeostatic control that __________.
ensures that conditions in an organism do not vary too much above or below their set points
causes an effector to signal the control center of an organism, which creates the stimulus to make a response
produces a response by lowering some set point of an organism's metabolism
promotes decreases rather than increases in metabolic rate
increases the speed and rapidity of the process
Which would have the toughest time surviving over the long term in the environment given?
an osmoconformer in seawater
an ectotherm in a warm environment
an osmoregulator in seawater
an ectotherm in a cold environment
an endotherm in a warm environment
Which of the following is an example of thermoregulation in ectotherms?
sitting on a hot rock to absorb its warmth
shivering to increase metabolic heat production
Experiments to study the source of heat used by the Burmese python to incubate her eggs showed that heat results from __________.
muscle contractions of the snake
the air temperature
movement of the embryos
heat generated through friction as the snake moves
Water moves across a permeable membrane whenever two solutions separated by the membrane differ in total solute concentration. The process is called _____.
The kidneys' filtration process is nonselective, so __________.
useful substances must be selectively reabsorbed
many valuable substances are lost in the urine
urine is much less concentrated than blood
filtration really has little control over body fluid composition
the proportions of the substances in urine are the same as in blood
If a person drinks a lot of water __________.
the brain increases the level of ADH in the blood
blood levels of ADH decrease and urine becomes more dilute
the person will urinate more frequently
the excreted urine is very concentrated
the nephrons reabsorb more water from the filtrate to increase the body's water content
An example of an anatomical adaptation in mammals and birds that helps them cope with heat gained from or lost to the environment is _____.
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