Eduard Drobyshevsky, a doctor of physical and mathematical science and chief researcher at the Ioffe physics and technology institute of the Russian Academy of Science, said his new theory of a comet exploding after grazing Earth's atmosphere explained the Tunguska blast.
On June 30, 1908, an explosion equivalent to between 5 and 30 megatons of TNT occurred near the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in a remote region of Siberia. The blast, the cause of which has not been determined, flattened 80 million trees, destroying an area of around 2,150 sq km (830 sq miles).
It is thought that a huge meteorite hit the area, although scientific expeditions have failed to find an obvious crater. If the presumed impact had occurred some 4 hours and 47 minutes later, the Earth's rotation means it would have completely destroyed the then Russian imperial capital of St. Petersburg.
Drobyshevsky said that in 1908 an icy comet nucleus saturated with dissolved hydrogen and oxygen entered the Earth atmosphere tangentially. The body had a speed of about 20 km per second, its size was 200x500 meters, and it weighed 5-50 million tons.
Part of the nucleus, weighing about 1 million tons, detonated at a great altitude, and the explosion caused the fallen trees and other phenomena associated with the incident. The main part of the nucleus went through the Earth atmosphere and out into space again.