A large body of water in the low-lying southern region of Mordor known as Nurn. More than a hundred miles in length, and some fifty miles across at its widest point, the Sea was fed by four rivers flowing down from the mountains that surrounded Mordor. The so-called 'Sea' of Núrnen in fact appears to have been a huge lake, and indeed it is often referred to as 'Lake Núrnen'. Its waters are described as dark and bitter; it isn't entirely clear how literally those terms are meant, but they may refer to its sources in the poisoned waters running out of the mountains of the Ered Lithui and Ephel Dúath.
During Sauron's rule of Mordor, the lands around the Sea of Núrnen produced the food for his armies out of farms worked by slaves. After the War of the Ring and the defeat of Sauron, the new King Elessar freed those slaves and granted them the land around the Sea as their own.
It seems unavoidable that the names Núrnen and Nurn are etymologically related. Perhaps the most obvious possibility is that the name Nurn 'Sad' was first given to the slave-lands of Mordor, and the Sea took its name from that (so that the Núrnen suggests 'Water of Nurn' rather than literally 'Sad water'). However, Tolkien himself translated the name literally, so perhaps the Sea was named first, and the surrounding land then took a part of its name.
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