Paul du Bois-Reymond
His thesis was concerned with the mechanical equilibrium of fluids. He worked on the theory of functions and in mathematical physics. His interests included Sturm–Liouville theory, integral equations, variational calculus, and Fourier series. In this latter field, he was able in 1873 to construct a continuous function whose Fourier series is not convergent. His lemma defines a sufficient condition to guarantee that a function vanishes almost everywhere.
Du Bois-Reymond also established that a trigonometric series that converges to a continuous function at every point is the Fourier series of this function.
Theory of infinitesimals
He developed a theory of infinitesimals in Über die Paradoxen des Infinitär-Calcüls ("On the paradoxes of the infinitary calculus") in 1877. He writes:-
- The infinitely small is a mathematical quantity and has all its properties in common with the finite ... A belief in the infinitely small does not triumph easily. Yet when one thinks boldly and freely, the initial distrust will soon mellow into a pleasant certainty ... A majority of educated people will admit an infinite in space and time, and not just an "unboundedly large". But they will only with difficulty believe in the infinitely small, despite the fact that the infinitely small has the same right to existence as the infinitely large ...
- Théorie générale des fonctions (Nice : Impr. niçoise, 1887) (translated in French from the original German by G. Millaud and A. Girot)
- De Aequilibrio Fluidorum (PhD Thesis, 1859)
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Paul du Bois-Reymond", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- Paul du Bois-Reymond at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
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