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All images ©Mike
Johnson 1998 All rights reserved.
The pelagic ray Pteroplatytrygon (Dasyatis) violacea lives and hunts in the waters of the open ocean. It frequents the surface during periods of darkness or low light.
The torpedo ray (electric ray) stuns its prey with an electrical charge strong enough to pose a threat to divers. Nevertheless, incidents with humans are extremely rare.