List of Latin phrases (E)
There is no consistent British style. For example, ''The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors'' has "e.g." and "i.e." with points (periods); ''Fowler's Modern English Usage'' takes the same approach, and its newest edition is especially emphatic about the points being retained. ''The Oxford Guide to Style'' (also republished in ''Oxford Style Manual'' and separately as ''New Hart's Rules'') also has "e.g." and "i.e."; the examples it provides are of the short and simple variety that often see the comma dropped in American usage as well. None of those works prescribe specifically for or against a comma following these abbreviations, leaving it to writers' own judgment.
Some specific publishers, primarily in news journalism, drop one or both forms of punctuation as a matter of house style. They seem more frequently to be British than American (perhaps owing to the ''AP Stylebook'' being treated as a '''' standard across most American newspapers, without a UK counterpart). For example, ''The Guardian'' uses "eg" and "ie" with no punctuation, while ''The Economist'' uses "eg," and "ie," with commas and without points, as does ''The Times'' of London. A 2014 revision to ''New Hart's Rules'' states that it is now "Oxford style" to not use a comma after ''e.g.'' and ''i.e.'' (which retain the points), "to avoid double punctuation". This is a rationale it does not apply to anything else, and Oxford University Press has not consistently imposed this style on its publications that post-date 2014, including ''Garner's Modern English Usage''.
By way of US comparison, ''The New York Times'' uses "e.g." and "i.e.", without a rule about a following comma – like Oxford usage in actual practice. ''The Chicago Manual of Style'' prefers "e.g.," and "i.e.,". However, it says of this entire class of expressions, including long phrases like "in other words" and "for example", that they are "traditionally" or "usually" followed by a comma, not that they be, nor does it draw any dialectal distinctions on the matter (despite usually making American versus British assertions throughout). The ''AP Stylebook'' preserves both types of punctuation for these abbreviations.
"British" and "American" are not accurate as stand-ins for Commonwealth and North American English more broadly; actual practice varies even among national publishers. The Australian government's ''Style Manual for Authors, Editors and Printers'' preserves the points in the abbreviations, but eschews the comma after them (it similarly drops the title's serial comma before "and", which most UK and many US publishers would retain). ''Editing Canadian English'' by the Editors' Association of Canada uses the periods and the comma; so does ''A Canadian Writer's Reference''. The government publication ''The Canadian Style'' uses the periods but not the comma.
Style guides are generally in agreement that both abbreviations are by a comma or used inside a parenthetical construction, and are best confined to the latter and to footnotes and tables, rather than used in running prose.}} |- |exercitus sine duce corpus est sine spiritu||an army without a leader is a body without a spirit||On a plaque at the former military staff building of the Swedish Armed Forces. |- |exeunt||they leave||Third-person plural present active indicative of the Latin verb ''exire''; also seen in ''exeunt omnes'', "all leave"; singular: ''exit''. |- |experientia docet||experience teaches||This term has been used in dermatopathology to express that there is no substitute for experience in dealing with all the numerous variations that may occur with skin conditions. The term has also been used in gastroenterology. It is also the motto of San Francisco State University. |- |experimentum crucis||experiment of the cross||Or "crucial experiment". A decisive test of a scientific theory. |- |experto crede||trust the expert||Literally "believe one who has had experience". An author's aside to the reader. |- |expressio unius est exclusio alterius||the expression of the one is the exclusion of the other||"Mentioning one thing may exclude another thing". A principle of legal statutory interpretation: the explicit presence of a thing implies intention to exclude others; e.g., a reference in the Poor Relief Act 1601 to "lands, houses, tithes and coal mines" was held to exclude mines other than coal mines. Sometimes expressed as ''expressum facit cessare tacitum'' (broadly, "the expression of one thing excludes the implication of something else"). |- |extra domum||[placed] outside of the house||Refers to a possible result of Catholic ecclesiastical legal proceedings when the culprit is removed from being part of a group like a monastery. |- |extra Ecclesiam nulla salus||outside the Church [there is] no salvation||This expression comes from the ''Epistle to Jubaianus'', paragraph 21, written by Saint Cyprian of Carthage, a bishop of the third century. It is often used to summarise the doctrine that the Catholic Church is absolutely necessary for salvation. |- |extra omnes||outside, all [of you]||It is issued by the Master of the Papal Liturgical Celebrations before a session of the Papal conclave which will elect a new Pope. When spoken, all those who are not Cardinals, or those otherwise mandated to be present at the Conclave, must leave the Sistine Chapel. |- |extra territorium jus dicenti impune non paretur||he who administers justice outside of his territory is disobeyed with impunity||Refers to extraterritorial jurisdiction. Often cited in law of the sea cases on the high seas. |- |extrema ratio|| "extreme solution", "last possibility", "last possible course of action"|| |}