maslow s theory of needs in individualistic and
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1 ) Abstract Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a motivation theory elaborated by a humanistic psychiatrist Abraham Maslow in 43. Maslow’s theory consists of a few main levels of needs that form a pyramid: Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem, Self-Actualization (Janet A. Simons, 1987). Even though this theory is most commonly used in individualistic cultures, some studies suggest that it can possibly be applied in collectivist culture. However , the results will certainly differ from those in individual cultures. Within a collectivist traditions, the basic require is belonging to the world; self-esteem can be eliminated, and self-actualization is usually attained regarding meeting social development demands (Gambrel, L.
A. & Cianci, L., 2003). Thus, contrary to the idea that the standard concept of self-actualisation applies to any kind of human being in any culture, the latest findings suggest that an individual’s requirements are partially bound by simply culture. Significance include important impact on the workplace, as the concept of self-actualization really should not forced after a collectivist culture and vice versa (Nevis, 1983).
2 . Introduction installment payments on your 1 Assessment Most famous creators that have researched international effects of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs consist of Geert Hofstede, Edwin C. Nevis. Other individualism-collectivism studies by Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, Schwartz, Bilsky, Ivtzan and Tanaka possess a direct relation to theories of motivation too.
2 . a couple of PurposeThe aim of this materials review is usually to organise, evaluate and synthesize academic documents related to the Maslow’s theory of motivation and to suggest the sources of obtained info.
3. Using Maslow’s theory in individual and collectivist cultures a few. 1 Starting of research Individualism ” collectivism is definitely one of four dimensions of culture in various countries produced by Geert Hofstede. According to (Hofstede, National Cultures in Four Dimensions, 1983), in an individualistic culture individuals care for themselves and immediate family. He specifies collectivism as a preference for any close social framework where family members and also other in-group people look after these people in exchange to get loyalty; individuality, on the contrary, identifies a more self-oriented approach to socialization. 3. 2 Methodology & Findings
Source: www.geert-hofstede.com Within a recent examine (Ivtzan, 2010) the social validity of self-actualization is definitely tested making use of the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) questionnaire manufactured by (Shostrom, Electronic. L, 1980) as a comprehensive measure of the self-actualizing attributes originally highlighted by Maslow. The POI questionnaire was tested about 100 British participants and 100 Indian participants mainly because these two civilizations belong to two different cultures (Hofstede, geert-hofstede. com, 2004). In support of the hypothesis, the results showed British members scored significantly higher than the Indian members on 12 out of the doze scales, which means that Individuals coming from an individualistic culture are more inclined to be nearer to the self-actualizing ideal, since measured simply by these weighing scales, than persons from a collectivistic culture.
Thus, your cognition and motivation are affected by the cultural system through which they are raised and gratifying one’s potential is portrayed differently during these cultures. Collectivistic cultures are more ‘other orientated’ with strong emphasis on endorsement, acceptance and adherence to social organizations (Erez & Earley, 1993). In support of this kind of, Tanaka (1978) tested individual and collectivistic differences in acceptable responses to several behavioural claims. For example , in answer to the assertion “To take a step good for society, participants via Indonesia, Pakistan and India scored the highest and those by Australia and New Zealand the lowest.
Yet , in response to the statement “To achieve personal happiness, the pattern of results was reversed. Similarly, Riesman et al (1953) describe the other-directed person “hardly feels of himself as an individual (p. 33) even more suggesting that collectivists define themselves in such an ‘other-directed’ way are much less likely to be internal orientated than individualists. Consequently , prestigious firms such as Noble Bank of Scotland (RBS, 2007) that actively use Maslow’s motivational theory may possibly fail to properly ‘reach out’ their even more collectivist staff. Source: www.geert-hofstede.com
4. Brief summary Hofstede (1983) and Nevis (1983) equally conclude which the hierarchy of needs developed by Maslow stresses individual success rather than group, since it was created on the basis of individualistic US version. However , Hofstede (1983) and Trompenaars (1993) agree that the American means of management would not apply throughout all civilizations, especially because those in Asia. Living to our fullest potential is known as a universal idea and the way towards area code this potential and fulfilling it might be influenced by our social values. Therefore , the outcomes of employing Maslow’s version will change in individualist and collectivist cultures. Even more research is had to establish whether the fulfilment individuals in a non-Western, collectivistic traditions is idealised in a different way (Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. At the., Bernard, We., Sekhon, Meters., & Hart, R., 2013).
5. Significance for Managers Individualistic countries desiring to invest in collectivist countries (e. g. China) can increase their profitability through comprehension of collectivist culture and vice versa. Companies exactly where management types are based on individualism shouldn’t push their administration practices after a collectivist environment. For instance , in a collectivist culture like China, Nevis (1983) suggests that Chinese business practices needs to be governed because they are a good person in society and placing group needs before individual needs. Therefore , a team-based organizational framework should be put in place by the investment firm.
The human resource managing plan also need to design a benefits program that zones on the job group with a focus on enclosure, medical care, and education. Cultural research is crucial in human resource management in order to break down between individualistic and collectivistic cultures, allowing for both to work efficiently and effectively, hand and hand, in the same organisational environment (Ivtzan, I actually., Gardner, H. E., Bernard, I., Sekhon, M., & Hart, L., 2013). Also, the human source management prepare should implement a comprehensive cultural training program created to increase understanding and awareness of a collectivist culture to avoid confrontations and situations that would cause that you lose confront (Gambrel, S. A. & Cianci, 3rd there’s r., 2003).