As we have seen, in a context of diversity a process of education progressively unfolded. New roles and new schools of thought emerged. And also at such a time, the Romani association movement, which we will now examine in detail, emerged at the hand of the Catholic Church. It must be said that while the Church was the main driver in the mid-1960s, in certain places the first lay associations, which were of an ethnic and activist character, were also begun. All this happened years before democracy was established in Spain.