Schools of philosophy that is characterized by the ideas of Greek philosophers who have given thought to the economic problems. Although the results of their thinking to the economic problem is not so much, they have given something very valuable, especially as a pioneer in the review of the economy in a more scientific and fundamental.
a. Xenophon (400 BCE)
Xenophon is a famous philosopher who gave birth to the term in economics. The word ‘economy’ comes from the word oikos which means household and nomos meaning rule. In addition, he with Plato has a review of pros and cons on the issue of division of labor.
b. Plato (427-347 BC)
Plato is a famous philosopher who reviewed the cost-benefit considerations in the matter of division of labor. Plato's description of prioritizing profit division of labor which gives the opportunity for people to choose employment in accordance with his nature.
c. Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Aristotle is a philosopher who was a disciple of Plato. The result of Aristotle's thinking in the economic field contained in his book entitled Politic (state). Results thoughts include the exchange of goods with goods that came to be called barter and the doctrine of money interest. Aristotle also taught that money does not only function as a medium of exchange, but also as a measure of value and hoarders of wealth. Thanks to his work, he is a precursor to the direction of the economy that are theory.
In addition to the Greek philosophers, a review of the economic problems followed by other philosophers who lived during the 13th century, among them was Thomas Aquino. Thomas Aquino discuss price of goods. According to Aquino, labor and costs incurred will determine the price of goods. This theory would give birth to the theory of objective value. Thought of Aquino much influenced by the revelation and the law in his religion.