Alan Turing (1912-54)
is best-known for helping decipher the code created by German Enigma machines
in the Second World War, and for being one of the founders of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Turing allegedly committed suicide after being convicted and chemically treated for homosexuality.
In 2009 he received a posthumous apology from the British Government and in 2012
received a royal pardon from The Queen.
It has been estimated that Turing’s work shortened WWII by
as many as four years and saved millions of lives.