For European countries the energy required for water treatment and supply – including wastewater distribution and treatment – accounts for 1%-3% of national energy consumption and consequent carbon emissions.
There is substantial scope to reduce the carbon footprint on the industry, by focusing on the following:
• Energy efficiency – more efficient technologies and reducing energy demand of treatment and distribution processes
• Energy recovery – utilizing embedded energy (gravity flow; heat; bio-solids; chemical?)
Stronger drivers are needed to reduce energy use. A new reporting tool is proposed, and recommendations to national industry regulators such that carbon emissions are prioritised in asset management programmes. Other solutions are sought.