Meningitis is an illness in which there is inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. Viral or aseptic meningitis, which is the most common type, is caused by an infection with one of several types of viruses. Meningitis can also be caused by infection with certain bacteria and fungi.
The viruses which most often cause meningitis (enteroviruses) are spread through direct contact with the respiratory secretions of an infected person. This usually happens by shaking hands with an infected person or touching something they have handled, and then rubbing one’s own nose, mouth or eyes. These viruses can also be found in the stool of persons who are infected and can be spread to anyone who helps with toileting or handles the diapers of an infected person.
The most common symptoms are fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to bright lights, drowsiness or confusion, nausea and vomiting. In babies, the symptoms may include fever, fretfulness or irritability, difficulty awakening, and refusing to eat.
It is important that people suspected of having meningitis seek medical evaluation. The symptoms of viral meningitis are similar to those of bacterial meningitis, which is usually more severe and can be fatal.
Viral meningitis symptoms usually begin between three to seven days after becoming infected with an enterovirus. These symptoms usually last from seven to ten days and the patient recovers completely. It should be noted that only a small percentage of people who become infected with an enterovirus will develop viral meningitis.
A person infected with viral meningitis is contagious for about one week after symptoms develop.
Viral meningitis is an illness that usually goes away on its own without treatment or complications.
There are no vaccines for the prevention of viral meningitis. There are vaccines to protect against bacterial meningitis.
Washing hands thoroughly and often. In institutional settings, such as childcare centers, washing objects and surfaces with a dilute bleach solution (one part bleach to ten parts water, made daily) can be very effective in inactivating viruses.
Working with providers on the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases, illnesses and other factors relating to health.