Group thinking groups tendto:
1- fail to adequately determine their objectives and alternatives,
2- fail to adequately assess the risks associated with the group'sdecision,
3- fail to cycle through discarded alternatives to reexamine theirworth after a majority of the group discarded the alternative,
4- not seek expert advice,
5- select and use only information that supports their positionand conclusions, and does not make contingency plans in case theirdecision and resulting actions fail.Group leaders can prevent groupthink by:
1- encouraging members to raise objections and concerns;
2- refraining from stating their preferences at the onset of thegroup's activities;
3- allowing the group to be independently evaluated by a separategroup with a different leader;
4- splitting the group into sub-groups, each with different chairpersons,to separately generate alternatives, then bringing the sub-groupstogether to hammer out differences;
5- allowing group members to get feedback on the group's decisionsfrom their own constituents;
6- seeking input from experts outside the group;
7- assigning one or more members to play the role of the devil'sadvocate;
8- requiring the group to develop multiple scenarios of eventsupon which they are acting, and contingencies for each scenario;and
9- calling a meeting after a decision consensus is reached inwhich all group members are expected to critically review thedecision before final approval is given.Mass Communication Mass Communication represents the creationand sending of ahomogeneous message to a large heterogeneous audience throughthe media.
Its root senses have to do with change, exchange, and goods possessed by more than one person; the Latin verb communicare means to make common.This list of almost 100 communication research paper topics has been divided in 14 basic categories, following a number of different approaches to studying communication:To these, we have added research paper topics on factors that influence how we communicate (such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and globalization), as well as a number of topics that could be considered to be both challenges and opportunities for communicators (such as communication competence, sexual harassment, deception, and bias).The discipline of communication has grown in popularity from the time professors of journalism and speech decided, in the mid-1960s, that the term communication was an excellent general descriptor for the theory and research that each group aspired to create.
Almost every university that has a journalism program also offer a distinct program - often from the same department - of studies in mass communication, which includes the technical aspects production of newspapers, radio programs, television shows, and films....
Mass Communication is the term used to describe the academic study of various means by which individuals and entities can relay information to large segments of the population all at once through mass media.