There’s a pretty amazing new construction on the on the Koeye River (pronounced roughly “kwaay”) on the central coast of B.C. (map). A team has built a traditional style wooden-weir across the river, and are using it for fishery management – trapping, counting, measuring, and gently releasing salmon at the end (and start) of their life cycle. The construction has been documented at the willatlas.com blog, including some amazing photos, and there are posts on the Hakai Beach Institute blog as well. Even better, there is a short documentary. This is actually is a teaser for a longer documentary, which is in the fund-raising stage, and I don’t mind using this blog as a platform to bring this really great project to people’s attention. You can see their fundraising page here.
The idea of the weir is simple. Such devices are known worldwide. The weir blocks the upstream migration of the salmon, or, more accurately, it slows them down and forces them to pass through a narrow gap in the middle. At the gap, they enter a holding pen or box, as you can see in the above picture. In the past, there might be a basket trap there, or some sort of holding pen from which they could be netted or harpooned. This allowed for close, stream-specific monitoring of the salmon numbers and selective, sustainable harvesting by species, size, sex, etc. Nowadays, that’s where the Koeye fish will be measured and sent on their way.
As the fundraiser web page says:
Fish weirs, cedar fences which were built across rivers for thousands of years, were traditionally used by First Nations to selectively harvest salmon as they returned to spawn each year. However, until the spring of 2013 the practice had been dormant in the Heiltsuk community of Bella Bella for more than one hundred years. The documentary follows our crew through the ups and downs of a season as we take the weir project from an idea to a reality, revitalizing the age-old practice of weir-building to provide the first ever estimates of sockeye salmon returns to the Koeye River. Through this work and other initiatives, the Heiltsuk are asserting their rights as the traditional stewards of their territory, building on centuries of cultural knowledge to create a sustainable future for their community and the entire Central Coast.
Rather than sucking up entire runs of salmon with seine boats at rivermouths, or heavy interception as they make their way towards the rivers, the weir system allows monitoring of actual fish which are actually returning. There is an audio interview with William Housty from Qqs via the CBC which does a good job of outlining it’s use for fisheries management. It’s certainly easier on the eye than the DFO’s Babine counting fence.
It’s really interesting to see how they went about building this structure. The carpentry was masterminded by Grant Callegari, while the basic plan was traditional to the Heiltsuk Nation, as interpreted by Will Atlas of Qqs Society and Jess Housty of the Heiltsuk Nation.
A series of large tripods are built form alder wood, with one long leg downstream to brace against the current. You can view plans for the weir here, if you decide to make your own.
A removable set of about 20 panels is then placed upstream of these. Water pressure helps hold them in place. It looks like the tripods are removable as well, raising the interesting idea that the entire structure could be taken out over winter. Certainly with the panels removed it would allow free flow of water and fish.
A lot of older examples of these I have seen have stakes pounded right into substrate, often clays which have excellent holding properties and also act to preserve the stakes. Above is a picture of a several thousand year old weir in Haida Gwaii, or look here for a 19th century example on the Babine River. There are hundreds of these known along the NW Coast, with the oldest currently known examples being about 5 to 6,000 years old. These structures were banned coast-wide in the early historic period. The settler government decided they must be bad for the salmon runs since they apparently blocked the streams, not noticing that the salmon, and people, seemed to be doing just fine. The law is better seen as a naked move to wrest control of the lucrative salmon fishery away from First Nations. There is a rather good book on this subject by Douglas Harris: Fish, Law and Colonialism.
It’s not the first weir reconstruction I have heard of. There’s this one on the Cowichan River, for example, and an Alaskan basket trap has been reconstructed as well. I’ve posted before on fish traps and weirs: Oregon; Comox 1, 2; and even once before on Heiltsuk fishtraps.
It’s a great project. As Eric Peterson notes on his blog, “Science, engineering, art, culture, history, traditional ecological knowledge, community engagement, all wrapped up seamlessly in this wonderful project.”
The documentary film would be an additional wonderful resource and would really help get the message out and be super-useful for teaching as well, so I encourage people to think about tossing them a few bucks.