Bruno Bettelheim attended the University of Vienna in 1921, studying philosophy and psychology. During the '30s, he worked with autistic children and did research for his thesis. He received his Ph.D. in 1938, the same year he was sent to the Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps. It was only through the intervention of Eleanor Roosevelt that he was released. Bettelheim is most associated with the University of Chicago, where he did his research at the Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School from the '40s into the early '70s. He began publishing in the 1950s, and his work encouraged the importance of children's experiences in their psychological development. He advocated change in education and parenting through many popular books, beginning with "Love Is Not Enough" in 1950. His "Uses of Enchantment" (1970), which looked at the constructive impact of fairy tales on the emotional and psychological growth of children, is his best-known work. Bettelheim took his own life in 1990.