2Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Shapes: Tubes Grooves provides a larger surface area for light to be emitted from the lamp.Lamp Shapes: TubesTube fluorescent lamps are large (12-96 in length). The large size makes optical control difficult. They are good for providing large amounts of light over a large area. Many ambient lighting systems are created with tube fluorescent lighting systems.
3Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Shapes: Tubes T lamps sized refer to the diameter of the tube.A T12 is 12 1/8 inches in diameter or 1 ½” These lamps are being phased out in new fixtures. They are common in older fixtures.A T8 is 1” in diameter. This is the most common lamp type for 2X4 fluorescent fixtures. They allow greater control of light and more energy efficiency. The mercury arc is closer to the phosphor.T5 lamps are now being implemented in newer fixtures. The smaller size allows for greater control of light.
4Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Shapes: Compact Why Smaller and More Compact Fluorescent Shapes?The smaller the light source the easier the optical control. Thus glare may be reduced.Compact fluorescent lamps are slightly less energy efficient compared to tube fluorescent. The bend in tube creates energy inefficiency and shorter lamp life.
6Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Shapes: Compact Reflector shapes to direct light.Diffusing Covers to Reduce Glare
7Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Shapes: Compact Self ballasted shapes to be used in traditional incandescent fixtures.Ballast
8Fluorescent Lamps Ballast 1. provides energy for start up arc 2. limits and regulates the current to the lampTYPESMagnetic (being phased out) -- 60hz coil transformer-- Hum --- Consume part of the energy through heat loss.Electronic-- uses solid state circuits-- no heat generated -- more energy efficient.Ballast -- designed for one two three and 4 lamps-- do not run less lamps than the ballast is designed for.The ballast allows fluorescent lamps to be dimmed. NOT ALL BALLASTS ALLOW FLUORESCENT LAMPS TO BE DIMMED. A dimmable ballast must be specified. Dimmable ballast run at a higher frequencies.
9Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Operation Fluorescent is a low-pressure gas discharge system-- electrical power is provide from the ballast to the cathode and produces an arc that produces ultra-violet radiation. Do we see UV radiation?-- the phosphorus coating is activated by the UV producing visible light
10Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Operation The mercury provides the vapor for the UV arc. Mercury is classified by the EPA as a hazardous waste. Disposal of large amounts of fluorescent lamps is a hazardous waste problem.
11Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Operation Lamp manufactures are creating low mercury lamps that exceed minimum standards for hazardous waste. No other material can be substituted for the mercury. The use of fluorescent is a balance of energy efficiency and waste.
12Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Operation The quality, type, and mixture of different phosphors determine the color temperature and color rendering of a fluorescent lamp.Warm White DeluxeNotice more energies in the warm wave lengths.SPX 35Higher CRI and 3500 K color temperature
13Fluorescent LampsThe quality, type, and mixture of different phosphors determine the color temperature and color rendering of a fluorescent lamp.
14Fluorescent Lamps Color Temperature 2700 deg. - 3200 deg. Warm Light 3200 deg deg. White Light3500 deg. - Cool LightColor Rendering*ExcellentVery GoodRisky Color RenderingBelow 70 Poor* Color rendering scale does not guarantee colors will be accurate. It is an indication that a wide range of colors may be rendered well. Always test colors under the specified light source.
20Fluorescent Lamps Lamp Hours Watts Lumens Efficacy Color Temp. CRI ShapeSizeF40T12/ SP3520,00040291072.8 L/W350073T1F32T8/SPX3532280087.5 L/W86F13DBX/SPX2712,0001376558.8 L/W270082DBX/ Compact60A1910006084014 L/W99A2 3/8KEY FACTORS:Lamp Life (Hours)Lumens Per WattColor Temperature and Color Rendering
21Fluorescent Lamps Key Considerations for Fluorescent Lamps: -- Longer lamp life than incandescent 6,000-20,000++-- Efficient 40w incandescent produces 460 lumens, 40w fluorescent produces 3050 lumens-- Lumens depreciate over life a lamp may be 50% of designed lumens but not burned out need good lamp replacement program. Lumens can depreciate as much as 10% in the first 100 hrs of operation.-- Not typically for exterior use-- Linier source, difficult to control-- May produce glare-- Lower CRI and sometimes unsatisfactory CCT as compared to Incandescent--Difficult dimming Becoming easier with electronic ballasts.
22Fluorescent LampsFluorescent light sources can emphasize linear direction.
23Fluorescent LampsFluorescent light sources can be used to define shape through cove detailing.
24Fluorescent LampsCareful use of fluorescent lamps can allow use for ambient, task and accent lighting.