Belief in just world
(M. Akram Riaz)
Justice is an important phenomenon and has been widely studied in many countries over the past decades. The importance of the perception of justice varies from individual to individual as cognitive development plays a vital role in strengthening these beliefs and perception of justice (Dalbert, 2001; Maes&Kals, 2002). Emotional orientations whether positive or negative that developed in families is another factor and this development fostering perception of belief in just (Sallay&Dalbert, 2004).
People have the perception of justice when they experience unfair events and they evaluate those events and make belief in the unjust world as it is part of the cognitions and feelings and adaptive functions (Dalbert&Stoeber, 2006; Lipkus, Dalbert, &Siegler, 1996). Perception and belief in injustice results from experiencing unfair events and mistrust of fairness.
Trust in fairness leads to the perception of justice. People who believe that they experience justice are often treated fairly by others, they have less paranoid thinking about others and reveal more trust on others when they need help from others (Dalbert& Braun, 1997; Furnham, 1995). Individual with high belief in justice trust that he will not become the victim of unfairness, rape and robbery (Dalbert, 2001).
Antecedents of justice have been studied both in western countries (Dalbert, 2001; Maes&Kals, 2002; Sallay&Dalbert, 2004) and in eastern countries (Batool, 2013; Riaz, 2012). It has been found that there is a positive association between poor mental health and justice as justice beliefs result in positive psychological outcomes i.e. well-being, life satisfaction, quality of life etc.
Injustice is the result of unemployment and poverty among adolescents (Dalbert, 2001). Some predictors and causes of injustice were found in past researches i.e. high self-esteem and neuroticism as predictor of justice beliefs (Riaz, 2012), depression is negatively linked with justice (Riaz, Tariq, Riaz, &Batool, 2013), rape victims with injustice (Dalbert, 1998), victims of Down syndrome with injustice (Fatima, 2009).
Injustice has also been investigated by males and females. Male was found to be high on justice perceptions as compared to female. Male was high on justice beliefs because male think more negatives about victims e.g. victims of disaster, rape victims, etc. as male perceive that people get what they deserve therefore male are high on the perception of injustice (Dalbert, 2001; Riaz, 2012).
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