Askaridoz. Askaridy large razdelnopolye hearts. A thickness of a body of a female and the male - of 3-6 mm, length of a female from 20 to 44 mm, the male from 12 to 25 mm. Females postpone one days prior to 240 thousand eggs which are allocated in an environment with excrements. Eggs keep zhiznestojkost in an environment till 7 years. Under favorable conditions maturing of larvae can occur in an environment. Larvae are very mobile. If they get on a body of the person, say, at kopke hearts take root into a skin and make the way in an organism. Live in an organism about one year. Be transferred to the person of egg can under already known circumstances: dirty hands, water, products, various subjects. Flies participate in infection of the person through products also. Treat dokarisom, kombatrinom, peperazinom, naftamonom and other preparations.
Trihotsefalez. Illness is caused by roundworms - vlasoglavami. Length of a female of 30-55 mm, the male - 30-45 mm. Females postpone from 1000 to 3500 eggs. Parasitize vlasoglavy in a blind gut and the places next to it. In a human body live till 5 years. Eat blankets of a mucous membrane of a gut. Eat also blood. Everyone vlasoglav can consume to 0,005 ml of blood. In an organism can parasitize from several to 4000 hearts. Fishers, especially children, - digging worms in manure or in places of a dump of dust more often catch. Infection also occurs ashore at the food use by dirty hands, through water, a dust, dirty products. Many fishers neglect ashore elementary rules of hygiene. After a dinner the rests of products quite often leave on a laying not cleaned, accessible to flies and a dust, and at night - and for rodents. Treat mebendazolom, kvantrelem, difezilom, bemosatom.
Strongiloidoz . Illness is caused by a small worm - intestinal ugritsej. In an early stage of disease allergic displays are observed, in late - digestive organs are surprised. In larva water do not develop and perish within 1-2 days. In soil at temperature more low plus 10°С do not develop, and at 0 ° and more low perish. In larva soil can pass a full cycle of the development. At contact of the person with the earth where they live, larvae actively take root into a body. It is possible to catch through dirty hands, products and other. Treat tiabendazolom.
КЁш§юё=Ёюэушышфюч№.…юыхчэі it is caused by small threadlike hearts in length of 5-10 mm. The larva is capable to develop in water and damp soil. At drying of soil of egg and a larva quickly perish. Parasitize till 8,5 years in a duodenal gut and a small intestines. Infection occurs through soil (again the same: kopka hearts and their nozzle on a hook), the dirty water, the infected grass, products and other. Treat the same as also the previous illness.
Filjariotozy. It is group of the illnesses caused by threadlike hearts filjarijami. The definitive owner - the person, intermediate - various blood-sicking insects, it is frequent mosquitoes, and also various water organisms: dafnii, bokoplavy. In some cases cause very much a serious illness. For example, at vehererioze develops slonovost various bodies and body fabrics. The amazed body is disfigured, increases till the huge sizes. Very often illness leads the patient of physical inability. Treat in stationary conditions. Preventive maintenance: protection against insects. Sting places process spirit, potassium permanganate, other preparations, capable to disinfect.
the Illnesses caused trematodami, or sosalshchikami
Trematody - one of the most numerous classes of flat worms. Today it is known about 4000 kinds. The majority trematod in the life cycle use two intermediate owners, usually molluscs and fishes. These parasites those who often visits reservoirs therefore catch, fishes and eats fish. Infection occurs as through fish whom use not always enough boiled thoroughly or fried thoroughly, and also - in water when larvae, it having appeared on a body, quickly take root into a skin. Parasitize mainly in different departments of a digestive path, and also - in lungs, kidneys, blood system etc.
In a schematical kind development trematod looks as follows. From the egg which have got to water, there is a larva - miratsidy. The larva does not eat, there live 12-24 hours at the expense of stocks of the intermediate owner and takes root into it, differently after specified time the larva perishes. Eggs of other hearts emerge to a surface where they are swallowed usually by molluscs. A place parazitirovanija usually - a mollusc liver. Here larvae are transformed and start to allocate in water tserkarii - larvae future polovozrelogo a parasite - marita. For days the infected mollusc can allocate in water many hundreds, and sometimes - ten thousand tserkariev. Their size usually 0,1-0,8 mm. TSerkarii are very mobile. Leaving in water during favorable time, they quickly find the second intermediate owners, usually fish. With fish or some other way get to a human body and grow in adult individuals. Treat various preparations.
Fastsiolezy . The activator are dvuustki - hepatic or huge. Parasitize in a liver, bilious channels, a bilious bubble. Hepatic dvuustka has length of 20-30 mm, width of 9-12 mm. Duration parazitirovanija in a human body - 3-5 and more years. Within a week one adult individual of a worm produces about one million eggs. Optimum conditions of development in water of eggs at temperature plus 22-29°С. For treatment are appointed hloksil on 0,3 g to 1 kg of weight of the patient, and also zhelchegonnye, spazmoliticheskie means. With a view of preventive maintenance it is necessary to abstain from the use of suspicious water, meadow grasses, berries. Fish needs to be fried thoroughly carefully, hands to wash with soap.
Opistorhoz . The activator - dvuustka cat's, rare sosalshchik. Amazes a liver, a bilious bubble, a pancreas. The quantity parasitizing in a liver of the person cat's dvuustok can reach 1000-1500 individuals. As the additional owner serve basically karpovye fishes. At the started condition leads to a chronic hepatitis and a cirrhosis. Treatment is spent in stationary conditions. To all who consumes fish, it is necessary to know that metatserkarii a parasite possess high zhiznestojkostju. At salting of small fish they perish only in 3-5 days, larger (to 1 kg) - later 8-10 days. At freezing to a minus 30-40°С larvae perish within 5-6 hours, and at more heat - much later. Duration posola with use of salt in number of 14% to weight of fish should be not less than two weeks. Well dried up fish is safe. Small pieces of fish need to be cooked or fried not less than 15-20 minutes.
Klonorhoz . So-called Chinese dvuustka. A worm a little bolshy in the sizes, than cat's dvuustka. Length of 13-20 mm, width of 3-4 mm. Amazes a liver and a pancreas. As intermediate owners serve over 70 kinds of fishes, and also - shrimps. Development cycles same, as well as at others dvuustok. Preventive maintenance and ways of treatment - as at opistorhoze.
Metagonimoz . The activator are small sosalshchik in the length 1-2,5 mm and width 0,4-0,8 mm. The body is covered by small thorns. Parasitizes in intestines gleams, being attached to a mucous membrane. The first intermediate owners - the molluscs, the second - about 40 kinds of fishes and definitive owners - the person and various animals, house and wild, birds. Treat an extract of a man's fern and prazikvantelem.
Shistosomozy . The illness caused gelmintami shistosomami. Amaze urinogenital system, an intestines, lungs, a liver and other bodies. Parasitize in a human body of 5-8 years, sometimes 25 and more. Life cycle is characterised by change of two owners: a mollusc and the person, and also animals. There are some kinds shistosomozov.
Shistosomoz urinogenital . Activators is the worm the male in length 10-15, a female - 20-25 mm. Polovozrelye parasites live in venous vessels of a small basin of the person. Longevity in a human body of 5-8 and more years. Treat niridazolom, metrifonatom, prazinkvatelem and other preparations. Infection of the person occurs at its contact to water: at bathing, fishing, realisation of meliorative works, at transition of the rivers and various shoal vbrod, and also at drink of the infected water.
We have in brief told about principal views invazionnyh diseases. The main conclusion from told - described gelminty are not terrible to the person if it fulfils the bare sanitary-and-hygienic requirements at cooking, to observe rules of personal hygiene, as at home, and on fishing, in water, on a grass, at work with the earth - a word, everywhere.