• Cloud computing is a recently evolved computing
terminology based on utility and consumption
of computing resources.
• It involves deploying groups of remote servers
and software networks that allow centralized
data storage and online access to computer
services or resources.
• Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to
achieve coherence and econimies of scale, similar
to a utility (like the Electricity Grid) over a
Definition of Cloud Computing
A standardised IT capability (services, software or infrastructure)
delivered via internet technologies in a pay-per-use, self-service way
A style of computing where massively scalable IT-related capabilities
are provided “as a service” using internet technologies to multiple
Cloud services are shared services, under virtualised management,
accessible over the internet
History of cloud computing
• Cloud computing in its modern sense appeared early
• The popularization of the term can be traced to 2006
when Amazon.com introduced the Elastic Compute
• The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in
that telecommunications companies, who until the
1990s offered primarily dedicated point-to-point data
circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN)
services with comparable quality of service but at a
much lower cost.
• The goal of cloud computing is to allow users
to take beneﬁt from all technologies, without
the need for deep knowledge about or
expertise with each one of them.
• The cloud aims to cut costs, and helps the
users focus on their core business instead of
being impeded by IT obstacles.
• Cloud resources are usually not only shared by
multiple users but are also dynamically
reallocated per demand.
• For example, a cloud computer facility that
serves European users during European business
hours with a specific application (e.g., email) may
reallocate the same resources to serve North
American users during North America's business
hours with a different application (e.g., a web
• This approach maximize the use of computing
power thus reducing environmental damage as
well since less power, air conditioning, rack
space, etc. .
Cloud computing refers to the use and access of multiple server
based computational resources via an Internet connection .
Cloud users may access the server resources using a computer, ,
smart phone, or other device.
Applications are provided and managed by the cloud server and
data is also stored remotely in the cloud configuration.
Users do not download and install applications on their own
device or computer; all processing and storage is maintained by
the cloud server.
Cloud Computing- CONCEPT
• The main enabling technology for cloud computing is
virtualization . Virtualization software separates a
physical computing device into one or more "virtual"
devices, each of which can be easily used and managed
to perform computing tasks.
• Virtualization provides the agility required to speed up
IT operations, and reduces cost by increasing
• By minimizing user involvement, automation speeds
up the process, reduces labor costs and reduces the
possibility of human errors.
Characteristics of the Cloud
• On-demand & self-service
• 2.Broad network access
• 3.Resource pooling (location independent)
• 4.Rapid elasticity
• 6.Measured service (& mostly postpay)
It has three
1.) Client computers
Clients are the device that the
end user interact with cloud.
three types of clients:
3.) Thin (Most Popular)
Often servers are in
places, but server acts as
if they are working next to
It is collection
placed and is
• It Administers the system such as
monitoring traffic, client demands
to ensure everything runs smoothly.
• It uses a special type of software
• Middleware allow computer to
communicate each other.
What are Cloud Stacks?
Cloud Services can be dived into 3 stacks:
1. Infrastructure as a Service: IaaS
2. Platform as a Service: PaaS
3. Software as a Service: SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
This is the base layer of the cloud stack.
It serves as a foundation for the other two layers, for their execution
your application will be executed on a virtual computer.
You have the choice of virtual computer, where you can select a
configuration of CPU, memory & storage that is optimal for your
The whole cloud infrastructure viz. servers, routers, hardware
based load-balancing, firewalls, storage & other network
equipments are provided by the IaaS provider.
The customer buy these resources as a service on a need basis.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
This is the Top most layer of the cloud computing
stack - directly consumed by end user – i.e. SaaS
(Software as a Service).
•Next generation SaaS promises everything as a service
over the internet.
•Cloud computing started with a similar premise.
•A computing paradigm where there exists a flexible set of
computing resources across the internet.
• The term "moving to cloud" also refers to an
organization moving away from a traditional
CAPEX model (buy the dedicated hardware
and depreciate it over a period of time) to the
OPEX model (use a shared cloud infrastructure
and pay as one uses it).
Migrating Your Business to the Cloud
Deployment of Cloud
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Community Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud(Combined
Types of Cloud
• Public Cloud – Available to the general public or large industry
group and is owned by an organisation selling cloud services
• Community Cloud – Shared by several organisations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns
• Private Cloud – Operated solely for an organisation or company
• Hybrid Cloud – Combination of two of the above, they remain
unique entities but are bound together by standardised
Characteristics of a Cloud Environment
• Dynamic- One of the keys to cloud
computing is on-demand
• Massively scalable- The service
must react immediately to your
• Multi-tenant- Cloud computing, by
its nature, delivers shared services
Characteristics of a Cloud Environment
• Self-service - As a user, you can use
the service as you require
• Per-usage based pricing model -
You should only ever pay for the
amount of service you consume
• IP-based architecture - Cloud
architectures are based on virtualised,
internet based technologies
PROS AND CONS :
Software as a Subscription
Reduced Software Maintenance
BENEFITS OF CLOUD
• Reduce spending on technology
• Globalize your work force
on the cheap
• Reduce capital cost
• Improve accessibility
• Improve flexibility
• Less personal training is needed
• Monitor project more effectively
• Achieve economic of scale
Why cloud service is
• Reduce the complexity of networks.
• Do not have to buy software licenses.
• Cloud providers that have specialized
in a particular area (such as e-mail)
can bring advanced services that a
single company might not be able to
afford or develop.
• scalability, reliability, and
• Info. at cloud are not easily lost.
Bandwidth could bust your budget
App performance could suffer
Data might not be cloud-worthy
Too big to scale
Security and privacy
• Cloud computing poses privacy concerns because the
service provider can access the data that is on the
cloud at any time.
• It could accidentally or deliberately alter or even
• Many cloud providers can share information with third
parties if necessary for purposes of law and order even
without a warrant. That is permitted in their privacy
policies which users have to agree to before they start
using cloud services
• Users can encrypt data that is processed or stored
within the cloud to prevent unauthorized access.
• hackers are spending substantial time and effort
looking for ways to penetrate the cloud.
• "There are some real Achilles' heels in the cloud
infrastructure that are making big holes for the
bad guys to get into”.
• Because data from hundreds or thousands of
companies can be stored on large cloud servers,
hackers can theoretically gain control of huge
stores of information through a single attack — a
process he called "hyperjacking".
• According to the Cloud Security Alliance, the
top three threats in the cloud are
• “Insecure Interfaces and API’s”,
• Data Loss & Leakage”, and
• “Hardware Failure”
• which accounted for 29%, 25% and 10% of all
cloud security outages respectively - together
these form shared technology vulnerabilities
• Physical control of the computer equipment
(private cloud) is more secure than having the
equipment off site and under someone else's
control (public cloud).
• This delivers great incentive to public cloud
computing service providers to prioritize
building and maintaining strong management
of secure services
Future of CLOUD COMPUTING
The 55% of respondents believe that cloud computing
has a lower total cost of ownership (TCO).
74 percent of respondents indicated that cloud
computing would either lead to an increase in hiring or
have no impact, while rest of respondents expected
any decrease in hiring based on cloud adoption.
39 percent indicating that the cloud would make for
less or more complex environments.
70 billions connections & 1/3 of
consumer digital content in the cloud
by 2020 & 2016 respectively
• In 2012, about 2.5 exabytes are created every
day and is expected to double every 40
months. An exabyte is 10,000 times of a
petabyte (approx 20 million filing cabinets)
• Cloud Computing is the fastest growing part of IT
• Tremendous benefits to customers of all sizes
• Cloud services are simpler to acquire and scale
up or down
• Social Networking sites.
• E-mail sites.
• Search Engines.
• Many more services OVER THE
Free cloud computing applications
• Photo editing software
• Online file storage
• Twitter related applications
• Digital Video
• Creating your image album
• Photo editing software
• Anti-virus applications on the web
• Editing documents, spreadsheets and powerpoints
• Finding your way on a map
• e-commerce software
• Miscellaneous applications
Top 10 Cloud providers
• 1. Amazon:
4. Enki Consulting.
Main cloud services
• 1. BaaS - Backup as a Service
• 2. CaaS - Communications as a Service
• 3. DaaS - Desktop as a Service
• 4. DaaS - Database as a Service
• 5. HaaS - Hardware as a Service
• 6. IaaS - Identity as a Service
• 7. IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service
• 8. PaaS - Platform as a Service
• 9. SaaS - Software as a Service
• 10. SaaS - Storage as a Service
Best Free Cloud Storage Providers and
• 1. Google Drive
• Free storage: 5 GB
• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $29.88
• Max file size allowed: 10 GB
• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac
• Mobile apps: Android, iOS coming soon
• Free storage: 2 GB (Get more space through
• Approximate annual price for 50 GB: $99
• Approximate annual price for 100 GB: $199
• Max file size allowed: 300 MB via browser,
unlimited via desktop
• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac, Linux
• Mobile apps: Android, iOS, BlackBerry
3. Apple iCloud
• Free storage: 5 GB
• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $40
• Approximate annual price for 50 GB: $100
• Max file size allowed: 25 MB for free users,
250 MB for paid users
• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac
• Mobile apps: iOS only
4. Microsoft SkyDrive
• Free storage: 7 GB
• Approximate annual price for 20 GB: $10
• Approximate annual price for 100 GB: $50
• Max file size allowed: 2 GB
• Desktop apps: Windows, Mac
• Mobile apps: iOS, Windows Phone
Notas do Editor
Now I expect you could ask ten different people to provide a definition of what they think cloud computing is and I expect you would get ten completely different answers. So why would analyst firms be any different. Numerous definitions have been released over the last few years, here are just three of them. Even though technically these all describe a cloud environment very well, I believe that the quote from Forrester provides one of the most succinct definitions available today, namely A standardised IT capability (services, software or infrastructure) delivered via internet technologies in a pay per use, self service way.
Moving your IT or B2B infrastructure to the cloud does not happen over night and companies will make the move for various reasons. For example rather than moving an entire company to a cloud based infrastructure, the CIO might make the decision to move on a department by department basis. May be deploying a cloud based HR or CRM service first to see how the environment operates and whether internal business processes need to be extensively modified in anyway. In the second example a company may be looking to onboard new trading partners in a remote location or emerging market or alternatively they may be looking to establish a manufacturing or office facility in a new country and they need to get them online as soon as possible. The global nature of cloud based environments allows companies to scale up there businesses with ease. I will talk about this in more detail later. Finally, a CIO may take the decision to place an entire business process into the cloud. For example a reverse logistics process to improve the way in which customers return faulty goods to a repair shop or retailer. The way in which cloud environments are deployed is really down to the individual company concerned, there is no right or wrong way of doing this but it is possible to learn from companies such as GXS who have years of experience of deploying integration cloud platforms for many companies around the world.
Now over the last couple of years, there have been a number of ways in which cloud environments have been deployed, each having differing levels of security applied to them and each offering different services to the users who are connected to these particular cloud environments. Public Cloud – Available to the general public or large industry group and is owned by an organisation selling cloud services Community Cloud – Shared by several organisations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns Private Cloud – Operated solely for an organisation or company Hybrid Cloud – Combination of two of the above, they remain unique entities but are bound together by standardised technologies
Now rather than try to describe the cloud by way of a definition that no one can seem to agree on, why not define the cloud by its characteristics? For example, a cloud environment needs to be Dynamic – one of the keys to cloud computing is being able to size the on-demand provisioning Massively Scalable – the service must either expand or contract depending on the changing needs of your business Multi-tenant – cloud computing by its very nature delivers shared services to a global group of users
In addition cloud based environments offer Self-service delivery of applications and content - so as a user, you can use the service as you require it Per-usage based pricing model – which means that you should only ever pay for the amount of service you actually consume. This is extremely useful if you are working on a project by project basis, you can effectively use the service as and when you actually need to use it. IP based architecture – cloud architectures are based on virtualised, internet based technologies, this alone has provided one of the key reasons why cloud computing environments have become so popular and has changed the way in which IT infrastructures are deployed.
Scalability means Unlimited processes and storage capacity.
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