Scottsboro, city, seat (1859) of Jackson county, northeastern Alabama, U.S. It is situated near the Tennessee River at the edge of the Cumberland Plateau, about 40 miles (65 km) east of Huntsville. The Cherokee and Creek living in the area were forced out in 1838, and the city was named for Robert T. Scott, an early settler from North Carolina. The community gained national attention in 1931 as the scene of the famous Scottsboro case, a trial at which nine African American youths were convicted of raping two white women on a train. U.S. Supreme Court reversals of the convictions became landmarks in constitutional law and civil rights and had a great effect on improving the standard of racial justice throughout the United States.
Agriculture (poultry and livestock) and manufacturing (textiles, carpet yarn, industrial fibres, aluminum, and store fixtures) are the main contributors to Scottsboro’s economy. Guntersville Lake is nearby; Cathedral Caverns State Park is southwest. Russell Cave National Monument, northeast of Scottsboro near the Tennessee border, preserves a site inhabited by prehistoric people for nearly 10,000 years. The Scottsboro-Jackson Heritage Center focuses on the county’s history. Inc. 1869. Pop. (2000) 14,762; (2010) 14,770.