The Arabian horse, or also called Purebred Arabian (PSA), is a breed of horses originated from the Arabian Peninsula, later spread by Egypt and deserts of Africa. Considered the purest and oldest race in the world. It is one of the easiest breeds in the world, because of the shape of its skull and tail. They are considered one of the oldest races because there are archaeological from 2500 to. C., being used primarily in wars and for commerce. There are also records of him having been domesticated in Mesopotamia in 4000 BC. They were effective animals during the war period, because of their great stamina, agility and speed. Given its characteristics and time that already exist, practically all other races are influenced by it in its genetics, since they have been widely used for genetic improvement linked to speed and resistance, mainly. In any case, there is no doubt that it is the oldest race in the world, and the first to be domesticated.
The Bedouin tribes of the desert were primarily responsible for their domestication and for selecting their genetic qualities and preserving their racial purity. The nomads put them in their tents to protect and care for them, making the PSA from the outset create a special connection with the human being, collaborating with their intelligence and willingness to learn and obey.
As they were subjected to strict climatic conditions, they had to adapt to deprivations, such as lack of water and food, and desert temperatures; very high during the day and intense cold at night, as well as the long distances to be traveled in arid, difficult to move and dry air. This has greatly helped in the breed's high-strength trait.
In the Middle East and North Africa these animals were very fought in wars. Jewelry, paintings and utensils of the time bring the image of the Arabian horse very similar to what we see today, and has great importance in the culture and lives of desert people.He is quoted in the Muslim legends, which tells of his origin, telling that Muhammad after a long journey, ordered that the horses be released to take water in a stream, but before they arrived there, they were called back by him, and only five mares stopped and returned to him before quenching their thirst, then the prophet blessed them, by his faithfulness and intelligence, beginning the generation of the Arabian horse.
The breed was introduced in Brazil in the 1920s, in some breeding farms in Rio Grande do Sul, but there have been several reports of imports since the 19th century.
ts outstanding characteristics of intelligence, versatility and resistance, are used as regenerator of work troops and for the improvement of sports and leisure horses. They do this using crosses with Arabian stallions, animals resulting from this mating that have at least 25% Arabian blood, are denominated and registered as Cross-Arab.
Another variation is Anglo-Arab, which is the crossroads of the two most valued races in the world: PSA with Pure English Blood (PSI). This cross is considered the greatest success in crossing two pure races, joining the PSA's courage, endurance and ability, with the speed and athletic fitness of the PSI, having a saddle horse with good temperament and physical to practice sports. France has several success examples of this crosses.
It is a race in which they are known as Swan of the Horses, due to one of its most striking characteristics: arched neck, sinuous and slender, making its size differentiated and expressive. In addition, what facilitates their identification and makes them even more differentiated and beautiful, is its delicate head, concave profile, expressive eyes, short muzzle and small ears. They have the tail in a high insertion, making their tail commonly raised, called a flagged tail, a characteristic that is often not well accepted in sports, but that makes the race even more imposing.
The PSA pelts are black, white, and sorrel.
They are not very large animals, compared to other races, varying the length of withers of 1.40 m to 1.58. With weight ranging from 360 to 460 kg. Its tempo is classified as a trot.
They have several features that have been adapted to their rustic lifestyle and desert living. Like their large, protruding eyes, they guarantee great eyesight, alerting them early on from their predators. They have several adaptations linked to their breathing and oxygenation, such as their nostrils, which dilate when they run or are excited, increasing the air intake, but which remain semi-closed at rest, so as not to get dirty due to drier climates in which were created; the largest space between his ganachas, leaves a good space for the passage of his trachea, which is more developed; the fact that his head is the highest of all races, facilitates the passage of air, further stretching his trachea;they have a greater number of erythrocytes in their blood, cells that are responsible for carrying oxygen inside the body of the animals, promoting a better oxygenation. Arabian horses have thinner skin, making the exit and evaporation of their sweat faster, cooling the animal. Animals of heavy and strong bones, determining corpulent extremities, besides presenting excellent muscular conformation.
It is considered a warm-blooded breed, a characteristic that makes them horses of extreme intelligence and sensitivity, so they are animals that have learning facility and good relation with the human being, but this characteristic characteristic of their behavior also allows to them that learn bad habits easily, especially when mistakenly trained, and also do not admit of abusive forms of training, so that when treated incorrectly, they become excessively nervous and anxious, but when properly treated and trained, they are excellent animals, of delicate and docile behavior, including with children, even the stallions. In addition, they are animals of marked vivacity, brave and loyal.
Its characteristics of docile behavior, intelligence and high sensitivity, causes that in the United States these animals are used in tests and competitions by people under 18 years.
In Brazil they are consecrated animals in the tests of enduro, that are tests of high resistance, and in races. But they are also used in tests of top riders, rural riding, three reels, lace, team penning, conformation, performance, CCE, vaquejada. They are known internationally for being used in international tests that occur in the desert, where they are covered more than 120 km.
It is a race in which no other can be compared to its Intelligence, harmony of physical and temperament, conformation of beauty and resistance.
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