The potentially deadly bacterium Salmonella possesses a molecular machine that marshals the proteins it needs to hijack cellular mechanisms and infect millions worldwide.
In a paper published Feb. 3 online in Science Express, Yale University researchers describe in detail how Salmonella, a major cause of food poisoning and typhoid fever, is able to make these proteins line in up in just the right sequence to invade host cells.
"These mechanisms present us with novel targets that might form the basis for the development of an entirely new class of anti-microbials," says Jorge Galan, senior author of the paper and the Lucille P. Markey Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis and chair of the Section of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale.
Galan's lab has been in the forefront of investigating the intricate mechanisms that microbes such as Salmonella use to infect foreign cells. In the new study, Galan and colleagues identify what they call a bacterial sorting platform, which attracts needed proteins and lines them up in a specific order. If the proteins do not line up properly, Salmonella, as well as many other bacterial pathogens, cannot "inject" them into host cells to commandeer host cell functions, the lab has found.
Understanding how this machine works raises the possibility that new therapies can be developed which disable this protein delivery machine and therefore thwart the ability of the bacterium to become pathogenic. This process would not kill the bacteria as most antibiotics do, but would cripple its ability to do harm.
In theory, this means that bacteria such as Salmonella might not develop resistance to new therapies as quickly as they usually do to conventional antibiotics.
Salmonella sickens at least 40,000 people annually in the United States and kills about 400 people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Other Yale authors of the paper are Maria Lara-Tejero, Junya Kato, Samuel Wagner and Xiaoyun Liu.
The National Institutes of Health funded the study.