In meteorology, an okta is a unit of measurement used to describe the amount of cloud cover at any given location such as a weather station. Sky conditions are estimated in terms of how many eighths of the sky are covered in cloud, ranging from 0 oktas (completely clear sky) through to 8 oktas (completely overcast). In addition, in the SYNOP code there is an extra cloud cover indicator ‘9’ indicating that the sky is totally obscured (i.e. hidden from view), usually due to dense fog or heavy snow.
When used in weather charts, okta measurements are shown by means of graphic symbols (rather than numerals) contained within weather circles, to which are attached further symbols indicating other measured data such as wind speed and wind direction.
Although relatively straightforward to measure (visually, for instance, by using a mirror, oktas only estimate cloud cover in terms of the area of the sky covered by clouds. They do not account for cloud type or thickness, and this limits their use for estimating cloud albedo or surface solar radiation receipt.
Cloud oktas can also be measured using satellite imagery from geostationary satellites equipped with high-resolution image sensors such as Himawari-8. Similar to traditional approaches, satellite images do not account for cloud composition.
Oktas are often referenced in aviation weather forecasts and low level forecasts: SKC = sky clear; FEW = 1 to 2 oktas; SCT (Scattered) = 3 to 4 oktas; BKN (Broken) = 5 to 7 oktas; OVC (Overcast) = 8 oktas; NSC = nil significant cloud; CAVOK = ceiling and visibility okay.
For Grand Rapids, when the month of April was more than 3 degrees below normal (as of yesterday GRR was 10.8 below normal) in 60% of those year (1892 to 2017), most of the months for the rest of the year (May through December) averaged below normal. Only in 20% of those years had most of the months, for the rest of the year (May through December) warmer than normal. I have seen predictions for this summer go both ways – I am thinking near normal.
Meanwhile high pressure will provide mostly sunny and mild weather, with the possibility of our first 70 degree reading of the season on Monday. Low pressure tracking south of Michigan on Tuesday will bring clouds and a chance of light rain, followed by slightly cooler weather for midweek.
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