Look at that Spaceship
The space shuttle Columbia (STS-107) will make a
lovely series of morning passes over the United States this week.
January 27, 2003: It's dark, the stars are out, you're all alone. Suddenly an eerie light soars over the horizon. It glides noiselessly overhead--a spaceship! You dash inside and wake the family, but by the time you're outside again it's too late. The ship is long gone and nobody believes you anyway.
This week could be different: A spaceship will appear, but even if you're the only one who sees it you can prove you're not crazy. That's because it'll be back again tomorrow.
We're talking about the space shuttle Columbia (STS-107).
Right: Photographer Carol Lakomiak took this picture (a 30s exposure on 400 ISO film) of the International Space Station and the space shuttle soaring together over Tomahawk, Wisconsin, on Dec. 2, 2002. The shuttle is the brighter of the two streaks.
Columbia left Earth on Jan. 16th for a 16-day mission dedicated to scientific research. Onboard are 80+ scientific experiments ranging from fundamental physics and biology to fire fighting and perfume research. Although Columbia has been circling Earth every 90 minutes since launch, it hasn't been easy to see from North America until now.
San Francisco, New York and St. Louis will experience similar apparitions. To find out when to look from your hometown, check one of these web sites: Science@NASA's J-Pass, Chris Peat's Heavens Above, or the Johnson Space Flight Center's Skywatch. Each will ask for your zip code or city, and respond with a schedule of suggested spotting times.
The space shuttle flying overhead at dawn is really a beautiful sight. You'll spot it first in the western sky not too far from Jupiter. The giant planet is brighter than the shuttle, but not much. Both are among the brightest "stars" in the morning sky. Columbia will glide slowly eastward toward Venus and the rising Sun. The shuttle takes about 6 minutes to travel from one horizon to the other. It only seems slow, however. Four hundred km above Earth, Columbia is moving 17,500 mph!
Above: The shuttle will appear in the western sky and disappear in the east--not far from brilliant Venus. If you're outdoors on Tuesday morning, Jan 28th, don't miss the close encounter between Venus and the slender crescent Moon, pictured above.
In recent years, most shuttle missions have been to the International Space Station (ISS) to deliver supplies, personnel and building materials to the growing outpost. (STS-107 is different. Columbia is nowhere near the ISS--it doesn't need to be to accomplish its research goals.) Sky watchers who have seen both spacecraft orbiting Earth in tandem have noticed something remarkable: although the shuttle is only 1/3 as big as the space station, the shuttle is much brighter.
Both spacecraft shine by means of reflected sunlight and both are good reflectors with plenty of light-colored surfaces. But while the ISS is a gangly structure that reflects light in all directions, the shuttle has a more regular shape like an airplane. Its smooth white top reflects sunlight exceptionally well.
Right: This picture of a space shuttle landing in California reveals its dark underside and bright reflective top. [more]
We can see Columbia's white top because it circles Earth "upside down." The orbiter's tough black underside faces outward toward space to protect the crew and cargo from incoming meteoroids. In this position, astronauts and telescopes inside the open cargo bay get a good view of Earth, which is a key requirement for Earth science experiments. (There are two such experiments on STS-107: one to study Earth's ozone layer and another to monitor dust plumes over the Mediterranean Sea.)
Convincing your family and friends that you had seen a spaceship was hard enough ... but an upside down spaceship? This week they can see for themselves.
Space Research and You -- (NASA/OBPR) the home page of the STS-107 research mission.
Science That Can't Be Done on Earth -- (Science@NASA) The space shuttle Columbia left Earth Jan. 16, 2003, on a dedicated scientific research mission.
A helpful hint: Web sites like Heavens Above will give you a list of spotting times for your hometown. Usually its a long list. Which times should you choose? The best apparitions are the ones with negative magnitudes. The astronomical brightness scale works like this: A 1st magnitude star is bright. A -1st magnitude star is much brighter. The more negative the better. The magnitude of the Sun, for example, is -26. try looking for the ISS anytime its magnitude is less than zero.
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