The above carbon-14 old-age dating is also consistent for very old ages as are obtained from U/Pb radiometric age dating that has been applied to glacial tillites
that occur in the recent Ice Age, in the Paleozoic Era, and then farther and farther back in the Precambrian to very old ages.
The reservoirs are un-usual in that many of them are peri-glacial sandstones often sealed by glacial tillites
, one of the few areas in the world where deposits of this type host commercial hydrocarbon reserves.
In Eastern Salt Range Tobra Formation is characterized by tillites
, while in Western Salt Range Clay and sandstone with boulders are main constituents of Tobra Formation where as in the Central Salt Range it is represented by alternating facies of shales and boulders.Initially more than one hundred rock samples from three sections of the Tobra Formation (Sirin Gorge, Tober and Nilawahan Gorge) were thoroughly examined palynologically.
It is evident that the Transantarctic Mountains limestones were the source of limestone blocks and erratics for a very long time, as has been proposed for the fossiliferous Permo-Carboniferous tillites
from Antarctica (Debrenne and Kruse, 1986), South Africa (Debrenne, 1975), the Malvinas Islands (Keidel, 1916; Stone and Thomson, 2005), the Sierra de la Ventana tillites
(Gonzalez et al., 2013), as well as for recent moraines (Hill, 1965).
Other possible minor sources of amphibolite are Early Permian glacial tillites
which occur near Lithgow on the western side of the Blue Mountains, in the central Hunter Valley, and in the Shoalhaven region.
The underlying geological units are metamorphic and feature a steeply bedded stratigraphy of resistant interbedded tillites
forming the spine (Ward Hill, Appila Formation); quartzite shales and massive quartzites in the upper slope; less resistant, fine-grained siltstones, mudstones, and shales in the lower slope (Tindelpina Shales); and Quaternary alluvial deposits in the valley floor that mantle Tapley Hill slates and siltstones (Geological Survey of South Australia 1964).
Key point 2: Vast areas of tills and tillites
in arctic parts and adjacent areas of the Earth, together with debris in mountaneous and arid regions in other climatic belts, contain immense volumes of chemically almost intact phyllosilicates.
Gevers as the geology of the continents was mapped and the intercontinental distribution of Permo-Carboniferous and Precambrian glacial tillites
The reservoirs are unusual in that many of them are periglacial sandstones often sealed by glacial tillites
, one of the few areas in the world where deposits of this type host commercial hydrocarbon reserves - see Oman survey in Vol.
Brian Harland of the University of Cambridge when he noticed that glacial deposits (called tillites
) from the Neoproterozoic era are found on rock outcroppings on every continent, with the possible exception of Antarctica.
Many Fms are periglacial sandstones sealed by glacial tillites
. This is one of the few areas in the world where such Fms host petroleum reserves in commercial quantities.
2007) indicate the hillslope soils to be pedologically complex, reflecting variable parent materials of interbedded tillites
, quartzite shales, and massive quartzites (upper slopes), and fine grained siltstone, mudstones, and shales (lower slopes) (Burra 1:250000 sheet, Geological Survey of South Australia 1964).