The objective of this experiment is to identify an unknown chemical by comparing its melting point with a known solid in table 1. Melting point is one of the characteristics of a chemical compound because it is dependent on the electro negativity and size of the compound. The compounds compared in the labs will be compared to chemical F. The known substances are: Benzil, p-t Butylphenol, Oxalic Acid, Thioacetamide, Acetanilide, Mandelic Acid, Benzoic Acid, Stilibene, Cholesterol, p-Hydroxypropiophenone, Adipic Acid, Citric Acid. In the experiment capillary tubes will be used to take up the unknown grinded solids in and be compared the mixture of the unknown and the known. When the chemical that is found to have a similar boiling point in comparison the table values is found, then it would be a pure compound and the unknown compound is identified.
Finding the melting point of an organic compound is one of the simplest ways to label it. The melting point of an organic substance occurs when the temperature at which the first crystal starts to melt until the temperature at which the last crystal melts. In a pure mixture is similar to a pure compound because the melting point is very similar. A melting point range of greater than 5° C categorizes an impure compound or rapid heating of the substance. The melting point is a characteristic of a compound but the melting point is not exactly the only characteristic of the compound since two compounds could have the same melting point, however, it is unlikely that two different substances would have similar melting points. Introduction
To ultimately identify an unknown compound with a known compound mix the substances and record the melting point. If the mixture melts at a different temperature or a larger range then your unknown is not the same compound. If the mixture melts at the same melting point range as the known substance it's a good then it is the same compound. When...