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A gas can still expand without internal energy changing because deltaS, the maximum number of positional states (entropy) of a system, is going up. If we assume that the gas is expanding into a vacuum at constant temperature (deltaU is zero), its expansion is still favored because deltaS is positive. This is in line with the second law of thermodynamics: the total entropy of an isolated system will increase.
A gas would want to reach its maximum entropy because doing so maximizes the number of positions/states it can occupy. Thus, even without any change in heat, work, or internal energy, the gas will spontaneously expand (volume increase) because it is the most favorable possible state. Hope this helps.
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