Sancerre, town, Cher département, Centre région, central France. It lies on a hilltop overlooking the Loire River, about 26 miles (42 km) northeast of Bourges. From 1037 to 1152 the title of count of Sancerre was held by the counts of Champagne; from 1152 to 1640 it had its own counts, who were descended from Theobald IV of Champagne. During the religious wars it was a stronghold of Protestantism (sometimes being called the “Little Rochelle”) and in 1573 was besieged by Roman Catholic forces, who did not succeed in capturing it until after nearly eight months of siege. In 1640 Sancerre became the property of Henri II de Bourbon, third prince of Condé, whose descendants possessed it until the Revolution of 1789.
Sancerre is at the centre of a small but renowned white-wine district; the slopes below the town are planted with some 700 acres (280 hectares) of Sauvignon vines, and the hills of 12 surrounding towns are similarly clad in vines. Sancerre itself contains a network of twisting streets (with many 15th- and 16th-century houses) running to a cylindrical keep of the 15th century, the Tour des Fiefs (“Tower of Fiefs”), all that remains of an ancient castle. Tourism and viticulture dominate the local economy. Pop. (1999) 1,799; (2004 est.) 1,831.