A coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries (the main blood vessels supplying the heart).
The term 'angioplasty' means using a balloon to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery. However, most modern angioplasty procedures also involve inserting a short wire-mesh tube, called a stent, into the artery during the procedure. The stent is left in place permanently to allow blood to flow more freely.
Coronary angioplasty is sometimes known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The combination of coronary angioplasty with stenting is usually referred to as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Like all organs in the body, the heart needs a constant supply of blood. This is supplied by the coronary arteries.
In older people, these arteries can become narrowed and hardened (known as Atherosclerosis ), which can cause coronary heart disease .
If the flow of blood to the heart becomes restricted, it can lead to chest pain known as angina , which is usually triggered by physical activity or stress.
While angina can often be treated with medication, a coronary angioplasty may be requiredto restore the blood supply to the heart in severe cases where medication is ineffective.
Coronary angioplasties are also often used as an emergency treatment after a heart attack .
In most cases, the blood flow through the coronaryarteries improves after an angioplasty. Many people find their symptoms get significantly better and they're able to do more than they could before the procedure.
If you've had a heart attack, an angioplasty can increase your chances of surviving more than clot-busting medication (thrombolysis). The procedurecan also reduce your chances of having another heart attack in the future.
A coronary angioplasty is performed using local anaesthetic , which means you'll be awake while the procedure is carried out.
Athin flexible tube called a catheterwill be inserted into one of your arteries through an incision in your groin, wrist or arm. This is guided to the affected coronary artery using an X-ray video.
When the catheter is in place, a thin wire is guided down the length of the affected coronary artery, delivering a small balloon to the affected section of artery. This is then inflated to widen the artery, squashing fatty deposits against the artery wall so blood can flow through it more freely when the deflated balloon is removed.
If a stent is being used, this will be around the balloon before it's inserted. The stent will expand when the balloon is inflated and remains in place when the balloon is deflated and removed.
A coronary angioplasty usually takes between 30 minutes and two hours. If you're being treated for angina, you'll normally be able to go home later the same day or the day after you have the procedure. You'll need to avoid heavy lifting, strenuous activities and driving for at least a week.
If you've been admitted to hospital following a heart attack, you may need to stay in hospital for several days after the angioplasty procedure before going home.
Around 75,000 procedures are performed in England each year.
Coronary angioplasties are most commonly performed in people aged 65 or older, as they're more likely to have heart disease.
As the procedure doesn't involve making major incisions in the body, it's usually carried out safely in most people. Doctors refer to this as a minimally invasive form of treatment.
The risk of serious complications from a coronary angioplasty is generally small, but this depends on factors such as:
Serious problems that can occur as a result of the procedure include excessive bleeding, a heart attack and a stroke .
A coronary angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed coronary arteries. If the flow of blood to the heart becomes restricted, it can lead to chest pain known as angina.
You will usually have an appointment to assess your health a few days before having a coronary angioplasty. you may also have blood tests and a general health check to ensure you're suitable for surgery.
After having a planned (non-emergency) coronary angioplasty, you'll normally be able to leave hospital the same day or following day. Arrange for someone to take you home.
As with all types of surgery, coronary angioplasty carries a risk of complications. However, the risk of serious problems is small. Your cardiology team can give you more information about your individual circumstances and level of risk.
The most widely used surgical alternative to a coronary angioplasty is a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Which is usually recommended when multiple coronary arteries have become blocked and narrowed.
Lynn Connor had a coronary angioplasty after she had a heart attack. A quick diagnosis and treatment saved her life.