More generally, the term tympanoplasty involves the reconstruction of the hearing mechanism and the very integrity of the middle ear. We refer therefore to repair the tympanic membrane (myringoplasty), and / or repair of the same and the ossicles (miringoosiculoplastia).
Causes of Tympanoplasty
The causes of perforated eardrum are varied. They can be sequelae after otitis media suppurative repeat in childhood acute otitis media by especially aggressive germs, or traumatic otitis manipulation with objects in the ear, explosions or pressure changes in general as well as head trauma with fracture of rock, for example .
Symptoms of Tympanoplasty
Anatomically, what occurs is breaking the integrity of the tympanic membrane, which is a waterproof structure in which it starts the middle ear. The water inlet in one ear in these conditions causes discomfort and reinfection and recurrent suppuration. Functionally, the major impact is a decrease in hearing.
Diagnosis of Tympanoplasty
The diagnosis of a perforated eardrum is easily done in the doctor's specialist in Otolaryngology through otoscopy with any of the techniques that professional handle (from simple otoscope to otomicroscopy or otic endoscopic), displaying drilling. Similarly, we must have a hearing test to check the impact of this disease on the patient's hearing.
The treatment of tympanic perforation should be the surgical reconstruction of the integrity of the middle ear. This is achieved with a small intervention in using elements of own illness (fascia grafts and cartilage) for the closure of the perforation. According to review the statistics of different authors, closure is achieved in single surgical time, in 89 to 96%.
Until the intervention is performed, the patient should be advised to avoid at all costs the entry of water into the pathological ear.
The tympanoplasty in children
Children have physiological and anatomical changes in the normal function of the eustachian tube. That is why it is considered reasonable not to intervene this pathology in children below seven years old in improving the results of it, approaching success rates than adults.