Picture the soy sauce bottle on most sushi restaurant tables, yep, the one with the red or green top. Those omnipresent bottles are the product of the Yamasa Corporation, which started manufacturing the soy sauce in 1645. But the most fascinating part of the Japan company's history is a thoroughly recent one: Virologists have confirmed that Yamasa's scientists did indeed make a discovery involving a molecule related to flavor enhancers contained in soy sauce—and HIV. Vocativ reports that Yamasa in 1988 established a division of food scientists who were tasked with carrying out research on how the immune system responds to a variety of chemicals in food; in 2001, they announced a big find: that the molecule, EFdA, could possibly be used in treatment of HIV.
That's because EFdA, along with eight HIV drugs on the market, belongs to a family of compounds that help prevent HIV replication, explains the University of Missouri, whose virologists researched Yamasa's findings and this week confirmed them. But the issue with some of those drugs—the researchers single out the commonly used Tenofovir—is that patients develop resistance to them and then need to step up to a more powerful drug. But as Missouri researcher Stefan Sarafianos found, EFdA "is less likely to cause resistance" because it's activated more readily and doesn't break down in the liver and kidneys as rapidly as similar drugs. His lab has discovered it "works 10 times better than on wild-type HIV that hasn’t become Tenofovir resistant" and it works even better—70 times better—on HIV that has grown resistant to Tenofovir. Sarafianos has teamed up with Merck to test potential new drugs. (Read about another unusual medical discovery involving mice.)