|Candace de Russy is a contributing editor to CRISIS magazine.
IN KENTUCKY, A RECENT SOCIAL-STUDIES TEST QUESTION INCLUDED A PICTURE
OF A HOMELESS PERSON LYING ON A SIDEWALK NEXT TO THE GUTTER. FOURTH
GRADERS WERE QUESTIONED AS TO WHAT SHOULD BE DONE TO HELP THE HOMELESS.
THE TEACHER'S SCORING GUIDE GAVE THE HIGHEST MARK TO THE PUPIL WHO
ANSWERED, SOME OF THEM EVEN HAVE TO SLEEP IN GARBAGE CANS TO KEEP WARM
AND THE RICH PEOPLE JUST KICK THEM AROUND.... GUESS WHY THE NEXT TO
LOWEST SCORE WAS GIVEN TO THE PUPIL WHO SAID, BUILD HOUSES FOR PEOPLE
LIKE THAT BECAUSE GOD MADE THEM HE DIDN'T MEAN FOR THEM TO DIE.
Now, in matters of the intellect, this country is slow to anger. Yet,
in face of the new curriculum standards foisted on America's children by
the federal government, its outrage has been swift and sharp. The
national history standards, for instance, have been widely denounced.
The nation, however, has yet to awaken to the yet more insidious
"other half" of this curricular fiasco, namely, federalized
testing. The drive to standardize testing is proceeding on two fronts:
Federal legislation now requires states to "align" their
tests with state curriculum and performance standards, which in turn
must conform with the new national curriculum and performance standards — in order to receive federal education
funds. Thus, federal "standardization" of education is de
facto mandated and not "voluntary" as claimed.
State assessment tests of dubious academic merit have been
unobtrusively introduced. About twice as expensive as traditional
achievement tests, they are now administered in at least thirty-eight
states. But they are actually spawned and disseminated by a grid of
federal agencies under the control of the Departments of Education and,
note, Labor; the latter interlock with state departments of education
and several private organizations, receiving both federal and, in some
cases, foundation funds.
The thrust of this sprawling ganglion, clearly, is to nationalize
education. Thus the stated purpose of the New Standards, an important
contributor in this grand design, is to develop "a national
examination system" and a "National Examination Board [for
judging] whether any given examination meets the national
The substance of these (federal) state tests has been fiercely
contested, especially by parents. Like the national curriculum
standards, they have been criticized as academically deficient,
psychologically manipulative, and ideologically biased.
The general public's ignorance of the radically nontraditional nature
of these tests appears to be no accident. Allegedly to prevent cheating
and maintain statistical integrity, they are guarded with utmost
strictness by the Educational Testing Service, the most prominent of the
private companies under lucrative contract to the federal government to
distribute and collect tests in schools.
Parents and even elected officials have been doggedly refused
permission to see the tests. A mother, Anita Hoge of Pennsylvania, waged
a long struggle to review one such test, which her ninth grade son
described as "the weirdest test in the world" and which she
deemed more concerned with his personal profile than with academics. It
included such items as: "The prospect of working most of my adult
life depresses me. Check 'yes,' 'no,' or 'sometimes."'
The tests typically require pupils to fill out information sheets
concerning their nationality, domicile, parental status, etc. These
surveys also often contain questions such as: "Are you routinely
left at home without adults being there? Have you ever thought about
killing yourself? Have you ever worried about your birth father's
drinking too much or using drugs? Have you ever been touched sexually by
anyone (adult or young person) in a way that you felt was inappropriate?
Are you expected to do chores and help out at home?"
Moreover, such personal information is stored in government
databases. In an age of instant, universal electronic communication, the
manner in which government may use such data deserves, not only the
utmost public scrutiny, but a congressional investigation.
It is sobering to consider that teachers will tend naturally to adapt
their lessons to the new psychometric test items, such as the following:
1) Fourth graders were given "reading open-response
questions" relating to a story entitled "Your Dad Is a
Wimp." The two highest scores went to pupils who wrote it would be
"fun" to be part of a family like that of the character Jesse,
whose mother was away at work but whose father stayed at home cooking.
The lowest score was given to a pupil who responded that he would not
like to live with Jesse's family: "No. Because I'm happy with my
2) Eighth graders read excerpts from Richard Wright's Black Boy,
wherein a poor, hungry, fatherless boy is locked out of his home by his
mother until he can bring home groceries, preyed upon by neighborhood
hoodlums, e.g., "In blind fear I let the stick fly, feeling it
crack against a boy's skull. . .then another." Pupils were asked to
express "opinions and feelings" about the reading and then
follow instructions for "group work," e.g., "List
conflicts between some teenagers and their parents. Share your list with
your group." Higher scores were recommended for pupils who
"revise. . .[their initial] views" on parental behavior, and
lower scores for "superficial" answers, i.e., those involving
views which held firm as "activities" progressed.
3) Pupils were asked to read a story about a girl and her brother who
were alone on an island and consequently to "think about a time
when you or a family member were left alone or lost. . . Draw a picture
of this experience. . . describe your feelings and emotions. . . Draw a
picture of a special place you'd like to go without parental
supervision. . . List reasons why you should be allowed to go alone and
reasons why your parents wouldn't let you go alone. . . In your group. .
. think of problems families have...."
4) Pupils were asked to solve a math problem concerning a corn farmer
named Cyrus Nelson. They were then asked to speculate in written form on
the price of corn and make recommendations regarding how Nelson might
increase his farm's profit. The scoring guide recommended lowering
pupils' scores for even mentioning herbicides or pesticides. Pupils who
gave the wrong math answer were still given a partially correct score
for not referring to such chemicals.
The new testing standards — clones of the federal curriculum
standards — imply extreme rejection of the
traditional vision of schooling. They offend by aiming high at social
transformation and low at academic quality. Solution? Obliterate all the
government legislation and bodies — with their appendages — from whence stems such educational