Ankang, Wade-Giles romanization An-k’ang, formerly Xing’an, city in southeastern Shaanxi sheng (province), China. It is situated in the narrow valley of the Han River between the Qin (Tsinling) and Daba mountain ranges and has been an important trade centre since antiquity.
Ankang first emerged as an independent administrative centre in the 3rd century ce, under the name Xicheng. Later, in the 5th century, it took the name Jinzhou, the county town bearing the name Xicheng. In 1583 the prefecture was renamed X’ing-an. The county town was renamed Ankang in the early 18th century. In 1912 the superior prefecture of X’ing-an was abolished, and it reverted to county status once more. Ankang comprised two separate walled towns and was a flourishing centre of trade, having been intimately linked since the 18th century with Hankou. The city became the collecting centre for the agricultural produce of the surrounding area, which had been extensively colonized only since the 17th century.
Ankang has become a hub of rail communications between Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Hubei provinces. Railways link Ankang with Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality to the south, with Xiangfan in Hubei province to the east, and with Yangpingguan to the west, and from those places Ankang is connected to the national rail network. A rail line between Xi’an and Ankang that tunnels through the Qin Mountain range opened in 2001. The main products of the surrounding area are grains, various types of oilseeds, sesame, hides, and forest products (notably lacquer). Pop. (2002 est.) 197,129.