13 april 2017 the usaf first used in combat "Mother of all bombs" — aircraft munitions gbu-43/b, considered the most powerful non-nuclear tool in the arsenal of Pentagon. His Russian opponent is considered "Kuzkin otets" — slightly less weight, but more powerful tnt. Dawn big bombies bombs began to grow as soon as man invented this new means of destruction. In the fall of 1915 with the Russian heavy bomber "Ilya muromets" was dropped munition, weighing 410 kilograms. After the first world war the development of aircraft ammunition, logically associated with the development of the aircraft continued, the military was considered more complex structures — the beginning of the second world leading force on the planet had a wide arsenal of bombs of different types, the most serious of which was the weighing 1000-2000 pounds. The main volume of munitions used, especially on the soviet-german front, where the first violin on both sides played a tactical aviation, however, was not distinguished by a record weight.
In the ussr throughout the war the main weapon remained the fab-100, 100-pound high-explosive bomb, whose share in the total volume of production reached 70 percent. However, on big bombs for heavy bombers were pinned very high hopes. 28 april 1943 the red army air force was first used in coastal fortifications of koenigsberg munition, weighing five tons — the bomb fab-5000нг, indexed by name of designer, professor nison galperin. In the summer of that year, bombs of this type were used in the fighting on the kursk bulge and in the liberation of eagle. They produced a devastating effect: hit a five-ton bomb, containing 3200 pounds of explosives in railway track caused severe damage for many weeks paralyzing major rail junctions. Your super developed and the allies of the ussr.
Outside of the race remained, perhaps, only the germans — the absence of a strategic bomber the luftwaffe did the senseless development of ammunition weighing over 2. 5 tons. The development of heavy ordnance for the air force, the Western coalition is inextricably linked with the name of the inventor and aircraft designer barnes wallace, who created several iconic products. One of the most famous "Bouncing bomb" designed to destroy the dams. Structurally, it was a short cylinder with a length of 152 and a diameter of 127 cm, weighing about 4200 pounds. The bomb was suspended under a converted heavy bombers "Lancaster".
With motor equipped with a special device she spun before reset that allowed her to jump on the water surface, avoiding thus protect the dam anti-torpedo nets. The distance of the reset was calculated so that right before the dam the bomb would sink and the underwater explosion caused heavy damage to the dam body. In the night from 16 to 17 may 1943, 617 squadron raf attacked the dams on the rivers mene, eder and zorp. The first two were destroyed, which led to serious flooding in the ruhr valley — one of the main industrial districts of the third reich.
The squadron received the unofficial name "The destroyers of dams" — the dambusters. The layout of the "Bouncing bombs"Success "Of dambusters" allowed wallace to achieve the realization of their ideas the following so-called "Earthquake bomb". The essence was to create a powerful bomb in a streamlined shape with durable housing. Such a munition dropped from a great height, reached the ground at high speed and significantly deepened in the ground before the explosion, which allowed to cause local earthquakes capable of destroying resistant design immune to fogasok normal types. In the summer of 1944 the raf used tallboy bombs, weighing 5443 kilograms.
To raise such ammunition, the bombers "Lancaster" had to facilitate cleaning the aircraft armor and almost all weapons, except for the coaxial machine gun in the tail. To improve the accuracy of bombing were developed by a special stabilized sight. The first application of "Tallboy" was held in the night from 8 to 9 june 1944 when lancasters destroyed a railway tunnel near saumur, in order to complicate the germans bringing up reinforcements to normandy. One of the bombs # # # blew up in the tunnel, breaking the 18 meters of rocks. Bombs of this type are used for the scrapping of the fortified complexes of rockets v2 ("V-2"), bases of submarines with reinforced concrete shelters, underground factories and other important targets.
12 november 1944 two "Tallboy" had destroyed the battleship "Tirpitz". In the autumn of 1944, the british began testing an even more powerful weapon — the grand slam bomb weighing about 10 tons. To carry it was all the same lancasters with engines of increased power. When you reset with a height of 8 kilometers "Grand slam" could penetrate the soil to a depth of 40 meters, destroying heavily defended structures. In the us produced a licensed version of the british bomb under the t-14, and in 1948, in the nuclear age, in the United States was adopted by the ordnance of the t-12 cloudmaker.
A 20-ton bunker-busting bomb meant for the bomber b-36. Its development was due to the fact that nuclear weapons of that time were insufficiently compact and durable. The device of the first generation was not good in order to place them in the body of the bomb with the power to overcome, not destroyed, the heavy layer of dense soil or concrete. Non-nuclear nuclear monsters rescore, however, the progress of nuclear chargers made ammunition of this kind unnecessary. By the mid-1950s, both the main party to the nuclear arms race has received relatively compact "Bunker buster" specbaza.
The development of heavy bombs with conventional warheads, however, continued. In the early 1950s in the Soviet Union fielded a bomb fab-9000, intended for destruction of large industrial structures and railway nodes. In the 1980-ies it was used in Afghanistan to cover mountain roads used by the spooks. The detonation of the bomb caused severe landslides, making it impossible to pass through the gorge. Fab-9000в USA in the 1960-ies was developed by a 6800-pound bomb blu-82/b, unofficially known as the daisy cutter ("Weed whacker daisies").
This bomb, exploding at low altitude, was intended not so much for destruction of manpower or fortifications, but for high-speed clearing of the terrain before landing helicopters in the tropical jungle of vietnam. Where traditional methods would have required many hours of work dozen people with axes, machetes and chainsaws, helicopter pad was formed in a couple of passages which are specially designed for disposal of the bomb transport aircraft mc-130. The housing wall of this very specific bombs was quite thin, and the weight of explosives exceeding 5700 kilograms — nearly half a ton more than heavy soviet fab-9000. However, soon came the bombs of a new generation. Ammunition of volume explosion (volume-detonating), is undermined when the gas-air cloud formed by spraying the aerosol form of flammable substance, was effective in clearing the undergrowth for amphibious operations in the jungle, and against fortifications: the undermining of the gas mixture, flows into the cracks and loopholes, destroying the soldiers in the shelters safer than the shock wave standard high-explosive bombs exploded outside.
Volume-detonating bombs (odab) in different weights and structures was actively developed in the us and the Soviet Union, and so actively used in local conflicts. In particular, the air force of the ussr and Russia used odab in Afghanistan and both chechen wars. In Afghanistan used similar ammunition, and the U.S. Air force — already in 2000-ies. New vremenima bomb-detonating ammunition, sometimes inaccurately called in the press and lovers of military equipment to "Vacuum", is a special case of a thermobaric ammunition, whose key feature is the use of the explosive process for oxygen contained in the air.
This enables to increase the efficiency of the bomb: if conventional explosives, a significant part is accounted for by oxygen, providing a burning, thermobaric munitions explosive could take the whole volume. The disadvantage of this design is not applicable under water or at high altitudes. In addition, the volume-detonating bombs, which require the formation of gas clouds, rapidly lose their effectiveness in bad weather. But in the right conditions thermobaric munitions have power comparable to a tactical nuclear weapon. To thermobaric munitions, in particular, relates detonated on 13 april 2017, "The mother of all bombs" — a 9500-pound guided gbu-43/b.
The name mother of all bombs formed from the official abbreviations moab — massive ordnance air blast. The bomb was used on targets in the afghan province of nangarhar. As stated by the american command, using the gbu-43, the military hoped to destroy the system of tunnels and caves used by militants. The operation was prepared several months.
The result was killed 36 militants. The principle of munitions type gbu-43 and the like is somewhat different than the odab. Structurally, the bombs of this kind consist of a central explosive charge (rpc) made of conventional explosives with high detonation velocity, around which is a thermobaric mixture which is a condensed explosive with a high content of metal fuel. The explosion of the thermobaric warhead occurs in three stages. 1. Undermining rpc trigger a detonation (lasts a few microseconds). 2. After the explosion, the rpc starts the anaerobic detonation of thermobaric mixture, flowing at a slower rate (takes hundreds of microseconds). 3.
This detonation leads to the expansion of products of explosion and combustion due to the oxygen in the air, this shock wave promotes mixing and combustion of the detonation products at the expense of the ambient air (aerobic stage lasts a few.
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