Gramophones are the oldest instruments used in the record the true talent of an artiste because it does not supplement the music with any sound refining material or melody, it just record what is being produced from the instruments.
Gramophones use the vibration waveform technology to record the produced sound. Although its make is a bit complicated, the true mechanism is that it uses physical deviations that are incised to spiral groove or a rotating disc to record the sound produced. To recreate the sound, a playback stylus is normally rotated. Before, the gramophone players used to use a diaphragm which then produced sound through the aid of a flaring horn. This is when record tables came into existence as well and they included pianos and beat producing materials.