Islam Expands. Chapter 10 Section 2. Muhammad’s Successors. Muhammad did not name successor or how to choose one Muslim community elected Abu-Bakr (loyal friend) as first caliph Caliph = “successor” or “deputy” New political formation = “caliphate”.
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Chapter 10 Section 2
Muhammad’s father-in-law, Abu Bakr, was named the khalifa (caliph) or “Successor”
Chapter 10 Section 3
Today’s Goal: Explain the contributions of Muslim culture to the arts, literature, science, math, and philosophy
The ideal and morally perfect man should be of East Persian derivation, Arabic in faith, of Iraqi education, a Hebrew in astuteness, a disciple of Christ in conduct, as pious as a Greek monk, a Greek in the individual sciences, an Indian in the interpretation of all mysteries, but lastly and especially a Sufi in his whole spiritual life.
Ikhwan as-Safa, The World of Islam