Small Data: It can be defined as small datasets that are capable of impacting decisions in the present. Anything that is currently ongoing and whose data can be accumulated in an Excel file. Small Data is also helpful in making decisions, but does not aim to impact the business to a great extent, rather for a short span of Small data can be described as small datasets that are capable of having an influence on current decisions. Almost everything currently in progress and the data of which can be acquired in an Excel file. Small data is also useful in decision-making but is not intended to have a large impact on business, rather for a short period of time.
In nutshell, data that is simple enough to be used for human understanding in such a volume and structure that makes it accessible, concise, and workable is known as small data.
Big Data: It can be represented as large chunks of structured and unstructured data. The amount of data stored is immense. It is therefore important for analysts to thoroughly dig the whole thing into making it relevant and useful to make proper business decisions.
In short, datasets that are really huge and complex that conventional data processing techniques can not manage them are known as big data.
Below is a table of differences between Small Data and Big Data:
|Feature||Smalll Data||Big Data|
|Collection||Generally, it is obtained in an organized manner than is inserted into the database||The Big Data collection is done by using pipelines having queues like AWS Kinesis or Google Pub / Sub to balance high-speed data|
|Volume||Data in the range of tens or hundreds of Gigabytes||Size of Data is more than Terabytes|
|Analysis Areas||Data marts(Analysts)||Clusters(Data Scientists), Data marts(Analysts)|
|Quality||Contains less noise as data is less collected in a controlled manner||Usually, the quality of data is not guaranteed|
|Processing||It requires batch-oriented processing pipelines||It has both batch and stream processing pipelines|
|Velocity||A regulated and constant flow of data, data aggregation is slow||Data arrives at extremely high speeds, large volumes of data aggregation in a short time|
|Structure||Structured data in tabular format with fixed schema(Relational)||Numerous variety of data set including tabular data, text, audio, images, video, logs, JSON etc.(Non Relational)|
|Scalability||They are usually vertically scaled||They are mostly based on horizontally scaling architectures, which gives more versatility at a lower cost|
|Query Language||only Sequel||Python, R, Java, Sequel|
|Hardware||A single server is sufficient||Requires more than one server|
|Value||Business Intelligence, analysis and reporting||Complex data mining techniques for pattern finding, recommendation, prediction etc.|
|Optimization||Data can be optimized manually(human powered)||Requires machine learning techniques for data optimization|
|Storage||Storage within enterprises, local servers etc.||Usually requires distributed storage systems on cloud or in external file systems|
|People||Data Analysts, Database Administrators and Data Engineers||Data Scientists, Data Analysts, Database Administrators and Data Engineers|
|Security||Security practices for Small Data include user privileges, data encryption, hashing, etc.||Securing Big Data systems are much more complicated. Best security practices include data encryption, cluster network isolation, strong access control protocols etc.|
|Nomenclature||Database, Data Warehouse, Data Mart||Data Lake|
|Infrastructure||Predictable resource allocation, mostly vertically scalable hardware.||More agile infrastructure with horizontally scalable hardware|