Speakers play a vital role in your audio and PA Systems. They convert sound waves coming from the amplifier into vibrations decipherable by humans as sound. You can choose from either a passive or powered speaker. Passive speakers just need speaker cables to run. For a basic sound system to function, you need to have multiple cables. Using a passive speaker will reduce the amount of power cable you need to power up your sound system.
One major drawback of using passive speakers is the need to have separate amplifiers to power them. However, this can also be an advantage if you have a limited budget. You can upgrade each component of your sound system separately. Separate speakers and amplifiers would allow you to place your speakers strategically for a more optimal sound.
Powered speakers are easier to set up because everything is in one big box. If you are moving from one gig to another, this is a big advantage. It does not require a lot of technical experience to set up because the components come together in one whole package.
High quality powered speakers come with preset components for a more optimum sound quality.
The disadvantage of using powered speakers is the weight. The amplifiers and speakers are in one package, which makes it difficult to carry the box. Another disadvantage is when the speakers need repairs. You cannot separate the components.
You can use either a passive or powered speaker, depending on your budget and your venue.