appeared in the second half of the 18th century. The first botanical journal, Curtis’ Botanical Magazine, which is still published, was founded by W. Curtis in 1787 in England. It publishes colored pictures and descriptions of plants.
Serial publications on botany began to be published in Russia in the mid-19th century. These publications included Materialy k blizhaishemu poznaniiu proziabaemosti Rossii-skoi imperii (Materials Toward An Intimate Knowledge of the Vegetation of the Russian Empire, 1844–59); Trudy Sankt-Peterburgskogo botanicheskogo sada (Transactions of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, 1871–1931); and Scripta botanica (1886–1916, published by St. Petersburg University). Regularly published botanical journals appeared at the beginning of the 20th century. These included Trudy Botanicheskogo sada imperatorskogo Iur’evskogo univer-siteta (Transactions of the Imperial University of Iur’ev Botanical Garden, 1900–1914), founded by N. I. Kuznetsov, and Izvestiia Sankt-Peterburgskogo botanicheskogo sada (News of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, 1901–32).
The most significant journal for the development of botany in Russia was the Zhurnal Russkogo botanicheskogo ob-shchestva (Journal of the Russian Botanical Society, 1916–31), founded by I. P. Borodin. From 1932 to 1947 it came out under the title Botanicheskii zhurnal SSSR; in 1947 it merged with the journal Sovetskaia botanika (1932–47) and received the name Botanicheskii zhurnal. It is the organ of the All-Union Botanical Society of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN SSSR). It is published in Leningrad. Since 1956, Botanicheskii zhurnal has been a monthly; its circulation (1970) was more than 2,500 copies. The journal publishes original articles, surveys, reviews, biographical sketches, and topical materials on all divisions of botany. There are summary indexes of the journal’s contents, including D. V. Lebedev and S. Iu. Lipshits, “A Bibliographical Reference to Botanicheskii zhurnal, Vols. 1^40, 1916–55,” Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1956, vol. 41, no. 12; Lebedev and Lipshits, “A Bibliographical Reference to the Journal Sovetskaia botanika, 1933–47,” Botanicheskii zhurnal, 1957, vol. 42, no. 12; and K. B. Arkharova and D. V. Lebedev, A Bibliographical Reference to “Botanicheskii zhurnal,” Vols. 41–50, 1956–65, Leningrad, 1969. Botanicheskii zhurnal has facilitated the development of botanical research in the USSR. Discussion of general problems of biology conducted by the journal between 1952 and 1958 had special significance.
Another general botanical journal is Ukrains’kii botanich-nii zhurnal, which has been published by the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (AN UkrSSR) in Kiev since 1931. (From 1931 to 1933 it was called Zhurnal biobotanich-nogo tsikly VUAN; from 1934 to 1935, Zhurnal Institutu botaniki VUAN; in 1936, Zhurnal Institutu botaniki UAN; from 1937 to 1939, Zhurnal Institutu botaniki AN UkrSSR; and from 1940 to 1954, Botanichnii zhurnal AN UkrSSR). Since 1959, Ukrains’kii botanichnii zhurnal has come out six times a year. Its circulation (1970) was more than 1,100 copies.
In the postwar years the AN SSSR founded a series of specialized botanical journals, including Fiziologiia rastenii (Plant Physiology, Moscow, 1954—, six issues per year; 1970 circulation, about 2,500); Rastitel’nye resursy (Plant Resources, Moscow-Leningrad, 1965—, four issues per year; 1970 circulation, about 1,200); Lesovedenie (Forestry, founded by V. N. Sukachev; Moscow, 1967—, six issues per year; 1970 circulation, more than 1,900); and Mikologiia i fitopatologiia (Mycology and Phytopathology, Leningrad, 1967—, six issues per year; 1970 circulation, more than 1,500).
Botanical journals are published in almost all countries of Europe and America and in many Asian and African countries. There is a prevailing tendency toward their increasing specialization. There are publications devoted not only to certain areas of botany (algology, lichenology, and palynol-ogy), but also to individual plant genera (the iris, rose, and tulip).
Significant general botanical journals include Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica (La Plata, since 1945); Australian Journal of Botany (Melbourne, since 1953); Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift (Vienna, since 1851); Phyton (Vienna, since 1948); Bulletin de Société Royale de botanique de Belgique (Brussels, since 1862); Canadian Journal of Botany (Ottawa, since 1929); Canadian Journal of Plant Science (Ottawa, since 1921); Acta botanica sinica (Peking, since 1951); Preslia (Prague, since 1914); Botanisk tidsskrift (Copenhagen, since 1866); Dansk botanisk arkiv (Copenhagen, since 1913); Berichte der Deutschen Botani-schen Gesellschaft (Stuttgart, since 1883); Angewandte Botanik (Berlin, since 1919); Flora (Jena, since 1818); Planta (Berlin, since 1925); Annales botanici fennici (Helsinki, since 1964); Bulletin de la Société botanique de France (Paris, since 1854); Revue générale de botanique (Paris, since 1889); Annals of Botany (London, since 1887); Kew Bulletin (London, since 1887); Journal of the Linnean Society of London: Botany (London, since 1855); New Phytologist (London, since 1902); Acta botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (Budapest, since 1954); Botanikai közlemények (Budapest, since 1902); Journal of Indian Botany (Madras, 1919–23; since 1923, Journal of the Indian Botanical Society); Israel Journal of Botany (Jerusalem, since 1951); Annali di botanica (Rome, since 1903); Giornale botánico italiano (Rome, since 1869); The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo, since 1887); Japanese Journal of Botany (Tokyo, since 1922); The Journal of Japanese Botany (Tokyo, since 1916); Acta botanica neerlandica (Amsterdam, since 1952); New Zealand Journal of Botany (Wellington, since 1963); Blyttia (Oslo, since 1943); Nytt magasin for botanikk (Oslo, since 1952); Acta Societatis botanicorum Poloniae (Warsaw, since 1923); Wiadomości botaniszne (Kraków, since 1957); Journal of South African Botany (Cape Town, since 1935); Revue roumaine de biologie: Série de botanique (Bucharest, since 1964); Studii si cercetari de biologie: Ser. Biologie vegetala (Bucharest, since 1957); Arkiv för botanik (Stockholm, since 1903); Botaniska notiser (Stockholm, since 1839); Svensk botanisk tidskrift (Stockholm, since 1907); Berichte der Schweizer-ischen botanischen Gesellschaft (Bern, since 1891); American Journal of Botany (New York, since 1914); Botanical Gazette (Chicago, since 1875); Botanical Review (Lancaster, since 1935); Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (New York, since 1870); and Economic Botany (Lancaster, since 1947).
Materials from botanical journals may also be found in general biological reference works (Referativnyi zhurnal “Biologiia,” Moscow, since 1954; Biological Abstracts, Philadelphia, since 1926), as well as in agricultural, chemical, and other reference works. In the Federal Republic of Germany a reference and bibliographical journal, Excerpta botanica, is published in two series: Taxonómica et Chorologica and Sociologica (Stuttgart, since 1959).
REFERENCEBotanico-Periodicum-Huntianum. New York, 1968. (A bibliography of 12,000 titles.)
D. V. LEBEDEV