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Epictetus (/ˌɛpɪkˈtiːtəs/; Greek: Ἐπίκτητος; c. AD 55 – 135) was a Greek speaking Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey), and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in north-western Greece for the rest of his life. His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses.
Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond our control; we should accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.
Bio from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Photo by Frontispiece drawn by “Sonnem.” (? hard to read, left bottom corner) and engraved by “MB” (bottom right corner). Image scanned by the John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library. Image slightly improved by Aristeas. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons.
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- Metaphysics by Aristotle
- Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle
- On Sophistical Refutations by Aristotle
- On Youth And Old Age, On Life And Death, On Breathing by Aristotle
- Politics by Aristotle
- On the Heavens by Aristotle
- On the Soul by Aristotle
- On Generation and Corruption by Aristotle
- The Categories by Aristotle
- The History of Animals by Aristotle
- Poetics by Aristotle
- The Seven Against Thebes by Aeschylus
- The Suppliants by Aeschylus
- Agamemnon by Aeschylus
- The Persians by Aeschylus
- Choephori by Aeschylus
- The Eumenides by Aeschylus
- Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus
- The Argonautica by Apollonius
- Cupid and Psyche by Apuleius
- Meditations by Marcus Aurelius
- The Golden Sayings of Epictetus by Epictetus
- The Discourses of Epictetus by Epictetus
- Enchiridion by Epictetus
- The Trojan Women by Euripides
- Iphigenia At Aulis by Euripides
- The Cyclops by Euripides
- Alcestis by Euripides
- Andromache by Euripides
- Heracles by Euripides
- The Iliad by Homer
- The Syrian Goddess by Lucian
- A True Story by Lucian
- The Works of Lucian of Samosata by Lucian
- The Mimes of the Courtesans by Lucian
- Of the Nature of Things by Lucretius
- The Love Books by Ovid
- Metamorphoses by Ovid
- The Satyricon by Petronius
- The Seventh Letter by Plato
- The Statesman by Plato
- Laws by Plato
- Philebus by Plato
- The Apology by Plato
- Critias by Plato
- Crito by Plato
- Euthyphro by Plato
- Timaeus by Plato
- Euthydemus by Plato
- Parmenides by Plato
- The Republic by Plato
- Symposium by Plato
- Theaetetus by Plato
- The Six Enneads by Plotinus
- Plutarch’s Lives by Plutarch
- The Golden Verses of Pythagoras by Pythagoras
- The Poems of Sappho by Sappho
- On the Shortness of Life by SENECA
- On Benefits by SENECA
- Dialogues by SENECA
- The Trachiniae by Sophocles
- Ajax by Sophocles
- Antigone by Sophocles
- The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides
- The Eclogues by Virgil
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Contains The Discourses/Fragments/Enchiridion
'I must die. But must I die bawling?'
Epictetus, a Greek Stoic and freed slave, ran a thriving philosophy school in Nicopolis in the early second century AD. His animated discussions were celebrated for their rhetorical wizardry and were written down by Arrian, his most famous pupil. The Discourses argue that happiness lies in learning to perceive exactly what is in our power to change and what is not, and in embracing our fate to live in harmony with god and nature. In this personal, practical guide to the ethics of Stoicism and moral self-improvement, Epictetus tackles questions of freedom and imprisonment, illness and fear, family, friendship and love.
Translated and Edited with an Introduction by Robert Dobbin
The Manual for Living of Epictetus is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian, a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus.
For many centuries, the Enchiridion maintained its authority both with Christians and Pagans. Two Christian writers—Nilus and an anonymous contemporary—wrote paraphrases of it in the early 5th century and Simplicius of Cilicia wrote a commentary upon it in the 6th. The work was first published in Latin translation by Poliziano in Rome in 1493.
This new translation was initially published by P. E. Matheson circa 1916.
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Epictetus was born into slavery about 55 ce in the eastern outreaches of the Roman Empire. Once freed, he established an influential school of Stoic philosophy, stressing that human beings cannot control life, only their responses to it. By putting into practice the ninety-three witty, wise, and razor-sharp instructions that make up The Art of Living, readers learn to meet the challenges of everyday life successfully and to face life's inevitable losses and disappointments with grace.
The Discourses of Epictetus are a series of extracts of the teachings of the Stoic philosopher Epictetus written down by Arrian c. 108 AD. There were originally eight books, but only four now remain in their entirety, along with a few fragments of the others. This edition includes the Discourses, and two minor works, the Fragments, and the Manual, also known as the Enchiridion.
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Epictetus's Discourses have been the most widely read and influential of all writings of Stoic philosophy, from antiquity onwards. They set out the core ethical principles of Stoicism in a form designed to help people put them into practice and to use them as a basis for leading a good human life. Epictetus was a teacher, and a freed slave, whose discourses have a vivid informality, animated by anecdotes and dialogue. Forceful, direct, and challenging, their central message is that
the basis of happiness is up to us, and that we all have the capacity, through sustained reflection and hard work, of achieving this goal. They still speak eloquently to modern readers seeking meaning in their own lives.
This is the only complete modern translation of the Discourses, together with the Handbook or manual of key themes, and surviving fragments. Robin Hard's accurate and accessible translation is accompanied by Christopher Gill's full introduction and comprehensive notes.
ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Turkey), and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in north-western Greece for the rest of his life.
To Epictetus, all external events are determined by fate, and are thus beyond our control; we should therefore accept whatever happens calmly and dispassionately. Yet individuals are still responsible for their own actions and should exercise great self-discipline.
This collection includes Epictetus’ Discourses, The Enchiridion, and Fragments scholars have attributed to Epictetus or are in the spirit of Epictetus’ brand of stoicism.
Epictetus (AD 50 – 135) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. He was born a slave at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present day Pamukkale, Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece for the rest of his life. His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses and Enchiridion.
Epictetus taught that philosophy is a way of life and not just a theoretical discipline. To Epictetus, all external events are beyond our control; we should accept calmly and dispassionately whatever happens. However, individuals are responsible for their own actions, which they can examine and control through rigorous self-discipline.
No writings by Epictetus are truly known. His discourses were transcribed and compiled by his pupil Arrian (author of the Anabasis Alexandri). The main work is The Discourses, four books of which have been preserved (out of the original eight). Arrian also compiled a popular digest, entitled the Enchiridion, or Handbook. In a preface to the Discourses that is addressed to Lucius Gellius, Arrian states that "whatever I heard him say I used to write down, word for word, as best I could, endeavouring to preserve it as a memorial, for my own future use, of his way of thinking and the frankness of his speech."
Epictetus maintains that the foundation of all philosophy is self-knowledge, that is, the conviction of our ignorance and gullibility ought to be the first subject of our study. Logic provides valid reasoning and certainty in judgment, but it is subordinate to practical needs. The first and most necessary part of philosophy concerns the application of doctrine, for example, that people should not lie. The second concerns reasons, e.g. why people should not lie. While the third, lastly, examines and establishes the reasons. This is the logical part, which finds reasons, shows what is a reason, and that a given reason is a correct one. This last part is necessary, but only on account of the second, which again is rendered necessary by the first.