Archaeologists study past cultures of different groups of people through surviving physical remains such as bones, teeth and hair, as well as artifacts including clothing, art, cookware, buildings, weapons and any other remnants of the past. Daily duties vary depending on the scope of their work and area of specialization. However, archaeologists generally research, recover, analyze and preserve artifacts to learn and teach others about past cultures, customs and geographic areas
An archaeologist's job involves fieldwork, part of which entails carefully digging, or excavating, for artifacts. Where and when an excavation takes place is contingent upon the archaeologist's research project and the local weather. Excavation season is typically during the summer and archaeological “digs” typically last one week to three months, according to Andrea M. Berlin, professor of archaeology at the University of Minnesota. Archaeologists need sufficient stamina and strength to carry out physical tasks such as digging, dusting and moving around for hours at a time. With the help of a team, they employ the use of tools such as trowels, wheel barrows, pick-axes, brooms, dust pans, brushes, buckets and sometimes bulldozers to cautiously uncover artifacts.
Before, during and after archaeologists dig for artifacts, they collect data about the archaeological site, record interviews and make notes of their observations. Some types of data include photographs, maps, soil samples, measurements, drawings and detailed reports about the excavation. Archaeologists also survey the site using GPS technology and other electronic devices and input data into databases.
Artifacts discovered and obtained through excavation undergo a conservation process in a lab. They are cleaned and restored by trained conservators, and as the items are stabilized, additional notes are made to record their characteristics. Archaeologists are typically actively involved in conservation activities and may also take measures to ensure laws exist to preserve the sites. They want to protect cultural heritage by ensuring sites and remains are properly safeguarded.
Publishing and Teaching
Upon examining all of the materials they have collected and interpreting the data, archaeologists make conclusions based on evidence and research. They connect the pieces of the “puzzle” together and present their findings through books, reports and journal articles. Many archaeologists are professors and may spend more time teaching than in the field. While a Master's degree is acceptable for some positions requiring less technical experience, most archaeologists need a Doctorate degree in order to direct projects or to teach at a university.
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