Heat is like a boost for particles and the key in turning solid to a liquid to a gas.
Mass is how much space an object takes up.
Density is how much tightly packed a object is and the more dense you are the more you weigh.
A conductor is a object that makes electricity and heat pass through it like copper.
A insulator is a object that does not let electricity and heat flow trough like wood.
Magnetism is the pull or push between the magnets north pole and south pole. When the north pole and the south pole are near they pull themselves together. When the same pole gets close to one magnet the magnet pushes itself away from the other magnet.
Buoyancy is how a object floats by how dense the object is and how dense the water is.