Presentation on theme: "SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes."— Presentation transcript:
1SC.912.L.14.7Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes
2Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: leaves Function of LeavesMake food through photosynthesisSite of gas exchangeRespirationPhotosynthesisStore food
3Tissues of the Leaf: Epidermis StomataOpenings in the epidermis mainly located on the underside of leavesAllow for exchange of gases (CO2, O2, H2O)Guard CellsTwo cells located on each side of stomataOpens and closes stomataCuticleWaxy substance that covers the leaves & stemsWaterproof layer that keeps water in plantsTransparent to allow light to enter for photosynthesis
4Tissues of the Leaf: Mesophyll Layer Palisade mesophyllPrimary site of photosynthesisSpongy mesophyllContains air & chloroplastsSite of photosynthesis and gas exchange
5Tissues of the Leaf Vascular Bundles Transport system Called veins Found in spongy mesophyllTwo FormsPhloem moves food from leaf to the rest of the plantXylem moves water & minerals up from the roots to the leaves
7Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: stems Function of StemsMovement of materialsWater & minerals from roots to leavesManufactured food from leaves to rootsSupport leaves & reproductive structuresFood storage
8External Stem Structure Terminal BudBud on the end of the stem.Axillary Lateral BudBud on the side of the stem.
9Internal Stem Structure XylemThe tissue that transports water & nutrients up from roots to stems & leaves.PhloemTissue that transports food down from leaves to roots.CambiumThin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark & wood and produces all new stems cells.
10Internal Stem Structure BarkOld, inactive phloem.HeartwoodOld, inactive xylem.SapwoodNew, active xylem.
11Specialized Types of Stems CormsUnderground stemSolid, fleshy, scale coveredBulbLayers of fleshy scales that overlap each otherStolensStem that grows horizontally above the soil surfaceTubersFood Storage AreaShort, thick underground stemRhizomesUnderground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above groundCormsBulbsStolonsTubersRhizomes
12Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: Roots FunctionsAnchors the plantAbsorbs water & mineralsStores food
13Different Types of Roots Tap RootsOne main root, no nodesIdeal for anchoragePenetration is greater for water and food storageAerial RootsClinging air rootsShort roots that grow horizontally from the stems and fasten plant to a supportAbsorptive air rootsAbsorb moisture from the airFibrous RootsMany finely branched secondary rootsShallow roots cover a large areaMore efficient absorption of water & mineralsRoots hold the soil to prevent erosionAdventitious RootsDevelop in places other than nodesForm on cuttings & rhizomesTapAerialFibrousAdventitious
14Parts of Roots Root Cap Root Hairs Indicates growth of new cells Tiny one celled hair-like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of roots.Increase surface area.Absorb water & minerals.
15Internal structure of Roots Much Like Those Of Stems With Phloem, Cambium And Xylem LayersPhloemThe outer layer.Carries food down the plant.XylemThe inner layer.Carries water & minerals up to the stem.
16Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: Flowers FunctionsContain the sexual organs for the plant.Produces fruit, which protects, nourishes and carries seeds.Attracts insects for pollination.
17Parts of the Flower Petals Brightly colored Protects stamen & pistils. Attracts pollinating insects.Collectively called the corolla.SepalsOuter covering of the flower bud.Protects the stamens and pistils when flower is in bud stage.
18Flower reproductionThe STAMEN is the male reproductive part. It is made up ofAntherProduces pollen which fertilize the ovulesFilamentSupports the antherThe PISTIL is the female reproductive part. It is made up ofOvaryEnlarged portion at base of pistilProduces ovules which develop into seedsStigmaHolds the pollen grains during fertilizationStyleConnects the stigma with the ovarySupports the stigma so that it can be pollinatedpistil