Analysis: By sharing a short anecdote about being “sexualized” and called “bossy,” while acknowledging her male friends being “unable to express their feelings,” Watson establishes her authority to speak on gender-related issues, and she appeals to her audience’s sense of emotion and empathy as she aims to establish a common experience between both men and women in the United Nations. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. The terms marked “RS” are some of the most common rhetorical strategies. The ultimate Camp statement: it's good because it's awful . They say we children are exaggerating, that we are alarmists. A lot of people, a lot of politicians, business leaders, journalists say they don't agree with what we are saying. 1. Which rhetorical device uses the same word or phrase over again multiple times to highlight or emphasize an idea? A metaphor compares two things directly to each other; whereas, a simile qualifies a comparison, sometimes using like or as. Glossary of Rhetorical Terms – AP English Language and Composition Purpose: Knowing these terms will allow you to discuss an author’s work at a more sophisticated level as you discuss how an author achieves his or her purpose. We stared with a kind of reverence at the horizon, as thunderheads and dancing rain moved with us. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! King thus invites his audience to share in his “dream,” as he reminds them that it is their dreams for a more equal future that unite their movement. Cram.com makes it easy to … Truth then moves to note that she has “ploughed and planted” more successfully than men, and she moves to the fact that she can “work as much and eat as much as a man.” She shifts yet again to recount that she has “borne thirteen children” and that “none but Jesus” heard her cry with her “mother’s grief” when they were sold to slavery. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Example: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963). Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. If the British commerce with India is purified of greed, you will have no difficulty in recognizing our independence. Most other forms of food poisoning seldom do lasting harm to a healthy person, but botulism is almost certainly fatal and often the first symptom is death. Even in winter, the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The author's overall attitude toward a subject is called _____. By presenting her notes as a numbered list, Sontag develops a quick, irregular pace that is more fitting to describe the eccentricities of Camp. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. AP Language and Composition Rhetorical Modes Causal Analysis: This rhetorical mode allows the writer to analyze the cause and effect relationship of a given situation. When they are removed, the path becomes easy. Spell. The Essays are full of this trick. Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree. Words By Syllables Blitz 7-to-1 791; Cover the Alphabet - Two Letter Words 345 'B' Words Spelling Bee 343; Small , Medium or Large 338; Common Sayings: Missing 'Q' Words 265; Common Sayings: Missing 'R' Words 231; 4-Letter Solfeggio Words 230; Name That Symbol 222; Common Sayings: Missing 'S' Words 191; Shooting Gallery: Desserts by Language … Albeit slightly messy, Truth’s lack of structure is effective because it reflects the never-ending struggles that African American women faced. Example: Notes on ‘Camp’ by Susan Sontag (1964). Hearing, in addition to reading, the speeches can aid in rhetorical analysis. Style (diction, syntax, details, imagery, tone, etc.) It is used as a way to conceal future events in a story in order to build suspense for the reader. a question presented by the author that is not meant to be answered, Example: Clare de Booth Luce’s Speech at the Women’s National Press Club (1960). Based on your results, we'll create a customized Test Prep Plan just for you! Baldwin concludes that “Black English is the creation of the black diaspora” as “an alchemy that transformed ancient elements into a new language.” By using academic diction, Baldwin approaches the development of Black English not as a cultural or social issue, but simply as a historical phenomenon that should be studied objectively, which allows him to persuade his readers that Black English should be considered a distinct language. Analysis: At the beginning of his address, Reagan adopts an elegiac tone, declaring that “today is a day for mourning and remembering.” He describes the deaths of the astronauts as a “national loss” that pains “all of the people” in the United States. For more information about the exam changes, check out this article about the changes announced on March 20, 2020. Inevitably, if you aim high enough, you will be buffeted by demands of family, friends, and employment that will conspire to distract you from your course. Beyond diligently studying with a top-rated AP Lang review book , you should also carefully review our comprehensive guide on how to write a synthesis essay for AP … It is one of three actual free-response questions used on the 2011 AP English Language and Composition test. We readily consented, and when the hour came we lived up to our promise. Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Gravity. imagery, allusions, etc.) The women who don't have the money and don't have the constitution and who don't have the confidence and who don't have the images in our media that gives them a sense of self-worth enough to break their silence that is rooted in the shame of assault and rooted in the stigma of assault. Look at me! polysyndeton to illustrate the narrator’s shock and panic following the murder. Glossary of Rhetorical Terms – AP English Language and Composition Purpose: Knowing these terms will allow you to discuss an author’s work at a more sophisticated level as you discuss how an author achieves his or her purpose. The following list of 37 terms, based on consulting both the AP English Language and Composition Course and Exam Description and free-response material from past years, provides an important overview of the major AP Lang rhetorical devices and techniques you need to know. Choose your answers to the questions and click 'Next' to see the next set of questions. She juxtaposes the town’s “great ferns and wildflowers,” “birdlife,” and “clear and cold” streams with the “strange blight” that cast an “evil spell” on the community and the animals who have “sickened and died” from “mysterious maladies.” By creating such a sharp contrast between the present and the future, Carson coveys the magnitude of the climate crisis and emphasizes the urgency with which we must address it. Because many white southerners believed that African Americans were inferior to themselves, King takes the time to appeal to his own credibility and authority in hopes that the clergymen will view him as their equal and will respect his message. This is the set of AP English Language & Composition terms that I had to know for the semester and final exams. Analysis: In her eulogy for United States President Ronald Reagan, Thatcher refers to the Soviet Union as “Moscow’s evil empire.” Her metonymy explicitly communicates a disdain for the Soviet Union, which establishes common ground between the United States and the United Kingdom, which helps Thatcher strengthen relations with the United States while eulogizing a friend. If you force the vocabulary into your essay, you risk sounding clunky, and the vocabulary almost always leads you to switch to passive voice. Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, "Wait." They only tell stories on a figurative level. 3. Blacks came to the United States chained to each other, but from different tribes: Neither could speak the other's language. Note: consonance can be associated with cacophony, or harsh, discordant sounds, if it uses “explosive consonants” such as B, C, CH, D, G, J, K, P, Q, T, X. reasoning that works from the more general to the more specific, beginning with a theory that becomes a hypothesis, and using observations to confirm the original theory (top-down approach), Example: Mahatma Gandhi’s letter to British Viceroy Lord Irwin (1930). Which of the following sentences contains a mixed metaphor? They're generally more effective than metaphors. This idea of purity and you’re never compromised and you’re always politically woke and all that stuff; you should get over that quickly. This list of 234 AP English vocabulary words covers every type of content question that might crop up on the mutiple-choice section of the exam. And of course, that number is much lower today. Because the notes are presented as a list, the ideas move by quickly, which further mirrors the whimsicality that is so characteristic of Camp. Instead, just describe what is happening! I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. the use of many conjunctions has the effect of slowing the pace or emphasizing the numerous words or clauses, Example: “After the Storm” by Ernest Hemingway (1932). Watson directly confronts the misconceptions regarding feminism to quell any opposition regarding such misconceptions, and she appeals to a credible source — the dictionary — to support her claims and establish her own authority over the matter. I am here because I have organizational ties here. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Analysis: In George Orwell’s allegorical novel Animal Farm, overworked farm animals rise up against their owner and subscribe to the concepts of Animalism, which proclaims that “all men are enemies” and “all animals are comrades.” The animals, who now work “like slaves” for the “benefit of themselves and those of that their kind,” run a society that mirrors that of the Russian Revolution. Appeals (ethos, logos, pathos) b. Analyze for rhetorical strategies and use quotes from the passage. Over the past few years I’ve had an uncomfortable sense that someone, or something, has been tinkering with my brain, remapping the neural circuitry, reprogramming the memory. I decided I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me. Top User Quizzes in Language. Ad hominem … Analysis: In her novel Silent Spring, Rachel Carson describes the beautiful American town with the cold, vapid town that it is destined to become due to climate change. Rhetorical Devices: AP English Language Lesson Plans Chapter Exam Take this practice test to check your existing knowledge of the course material. the structure of sentences and/or phrases. Of course, one can't always say that. A device used to create contrast by placing two parallel but opposite ideas in a sentence. We'll review your answers and create a Test Prep Plan for you based It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. Analysis: Louv recounts his experience staring out of the car window as a child with vivid imagery, describing watching “telephone poles tick by,” “birds on the wires,” “cows and horses and coyotes,” and “shaving-cream signs.” Louv jots seemingly disconnected images in short snippets, mimicking a car whizzing past an ever-changing landscape. Analysis: In his essay “Black Men in Public Space,” Brent Staples refers to the woman who runs away from him as his “victim” to whom he is “menacingly close,” which connotes violence and criminal activity. Although very rare with modern canning methods, botulism is a possibility. a writer's choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning, Example: “On Dumpster Diving” by Lars Eighner (1992), Canned goods are among the safest foods to be found in Dumpsters but are not utterly foolproof. metonymy: designation of one thing … If the evils are removed, Gandhi promises, the “way to friendly negotiation will be open.” By articulating his position with deductive reasoning, Gandhi appeals to Lord Irwin’s logic and maintains that the Indian people are not acting irrationally. Analysis: In 1851, Sojourner Truth gave a moving speech at the Women’s Rights Convention without preparation. Students who are taking the AP English Language or AP English Literature Exams should memorize the following rhetorical terms.. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech, Example: Barack Obama’s message about political ‘wokeness’ (2019). 58. Study more effectively: skip concepts you already know and focus on what you still need to learn. These terms will mostly show up on the multiple-choice section, so it’s important to be able to identify them in a work of writing, but you won’t actually have to use the device in your own writing. Because each sentence follows the same structure, Gherig’s list builds to a climax, which Gherig uses to enumerate his priorities and to emphasize his love for his family. I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! a word, phrase, or sentence whose meaning can be interpreted in more than one way, Example: The Awakening by Kate Chopin (1899). He took it while I was sleeping. Analysis: In his 1971 Inaugural Address, Kennedy encourages his audience to have faith in their generation and in their country in the midst of a trying Cold War. Where to Find the Prompt; This prompt is available on the College Board’s website. Exam Questions and Scoring Information 2020 Free-Response Questions. The sharp images appeal to the reader’s sense of nostalgia as Louv allows them to witness their own youth “go by in the blink of an eye.”, reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories; uses observations to detect patterns and regularities, and develops a hypothesis and later broader theories based on these observations (bottom-up approach), Example: “On Being a Cripple” by Nancy Mairs (1986). D. Is a single word or … An author would use a rhetorical device (e.g. But they were happy in their work; they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them, and not for a pack of idle, thieving human beings. metonymy: designation of one thing with something closely associated with it. Good luck! They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn. In our useful boredom, we used our fingers to draw pictures on fogged glass as we watched telephone poles tick by. back As you go along your own road in life, you will, if you aim high enough, also meet resistance, for as Robert Kennedy once said, “if there’s nobody in your way, it’s because you’re not going anywhere.” But no matter how tough the opposition may seem, have courage still—and persevere. Rhetorical Strategies a. How does a metaphor differ from a simile? Consonance depends on repeating consistent numbers of syllables, while assonance depends on repeating consonants. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal They can vary in terms of how straightforward or subtle they are. Analysis: Harris compares students to oysters whom we should help “open and reveal the riches within.” Through her analogy, Harris establishes a basis on which readers can shift their perspective. The repetition of the “i” sound creates a staccato and rhythmic quality to the letter while still creating a thin, ill-sounding intonation. "For"example,"to"say"that"a" Prior to the 2020 redesign, the multiple choice section had 52-55 questions, which focused exclusively on rhetorical analysis, and 3 free response questions. Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it — and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. However, the actions that ensue do not match such connotations; rather than attacking the woman, Staples simply walks down the avenue. With all of this AP Language and Composition vocabulary at your disposal, you'll be a top-notch rhetorical analyst in no time!Each entry has a definition and example or further explanation. Perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen him — but it was too late; the shore was far behind her. That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Analyze for rhetorical strategies and use quotes from the passage. appear. Analysis: Twain instructs youth to “treasure” his instructions and to construct their “character thoughtfully and painstakingly upon” the precepts they have read. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. Where to Find the Prompt; This prompt is available on the College Board’s website. AP English Language and Composition Rhetorical Devices DRAFT 9th - 12th grade Eighner details the “fatal” effects of “botulism,” and provides a practical assessment of “modern canning methods,” instructing readers to avoid “bulging, rusty, and dented cans” and to look for a “slight vacuum” in canned goods. Study Flashcards On Rhetorical Devices for AP Language and Composition at Cram.com. , Fiveable Community students are already meeting new friends, starting study groups, and sharing tons of opportunities for other high schoolers. Which of the following is an example of the literary device called apostrophe? the repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, as in assonance, Example: “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Caroll (1871). English Language Proficiency Test Help » Rhetorical Functions » Identifying Rhetorical Devices Example Question #1 : Identifying Rhetorical Devices Since its discovery and classification as the ninth planet in our solar system in 1930, Pluto has been the subject of much controversy in the scientific community. Third person narration can contain which of the following pronouns? The team must get their ducks on the same page. These are specific clues for the reader to help them solve the mystery. While the sentence consists of a string of short images, it pauses on a longer phrase in which King describes finding his “tongue-twisted” as he explains to his “six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television,” and seeing “tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children” while he watches the “ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky” and her “distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people.” By making this phrase significantly longer than his other images, King allows the reader to pause and ruminate on the idea of a young girl losing her innocence to an unjust world. A theme can be separated into major and minor ideas. Analysis: By explicitly defining feminism as “the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities,” Watson juxtaposes the denotation of feminism with the connotations with which it is associated. It was comprehensive when I took the class at Katy High School in 2009-2010. Like her attitude towards success, Albright’s speech always returns to the idea that women must “have courage still — and persevere,” regardless of the obstacles presented to her. By breaking the pattern in his parallel sentences, Gherig focuses the attention on his family and loved ones, humbly placing his own successes on the back burner. Style … If you wish to preserve your secret, wrap it up in frankness. These terms will mostly show up on the multiple-choice section, so it’s important to be able to identify them in a work of writing, but you won’t actually have to use the device in your own writing. It is used by authors to keep readers from predicting the how the story will end. Analysis: After learning of the murder, the narrator describes as “dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town,” repeating the conjunction “and.” Hemingway employs. People have continued to starve in those countries during the shift. Biological and Biomedical a reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history, Example: “I Have a Dream” by Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963). I’m not thinking the way I used to think. And I certainly don't like "handicapped," which implies that I have deliberately been put at a disadvantage, by whom I can't imagine (my God is not a Handicapper General), in order to equalize chances in the great race of life. Subsequently, the slave was given, under the eye, and the gun, of his master, Congo Square, and the Bible–or in other words, and under these conditions, the slave began the formation of the black church, and it is within this unprecedented tabernacle that black English began to be formed. Stylistic devices—AP Exam—essay questions that mention stylistic devices are asking you to note and analyze all of the elements in language that contribute to style, such as diction, syntax, tone, attitude, figures of speech, connotations, and repetition. However, Twain mentions that if they do so, they will be “surprised and gratified to see how nicely and sharply it resembles everybody else’s.” Twain’s irony warns youth that if they simply obey their parents, they will not become a unique individual, and the unexpected ending to his satire reinforces his position that one should not mold themselves to meet societal norms. My first victim was a white woman, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. "Disabled," by contrast, suggests any incapacity, physical or mental. We held our little plastic cars against the glass and pretended that they, too, were racing toward some unknown destination. -Inductive pattern: cause to effect … to them later with the "Go To First Skipped Question" button. Rather than using several shorter sentences to describe segregation, King uses a single sentence, separated by numerous semicolons. Analysis: In his letter to Lord Irwin, Gandhi uses a series of if-then statements to defend India’s call for independence through civil disobedience. Consonance depends on repeating vowels, while assonance depends on repeating consonants. But no matter how weary you may become in persuading others to see the value in what you value, have courage still—and persevere. Often, an author will use words that carry certain connotations to establish a tone. Mairs uses inductive reasoning to conclude that “some realities do not obey the dictates of language” as she appeals to readers’ logic to deduce that using euphemisms to describe unfavorable circumstances is irrational and only serves to dilute the rectitude of precise language. Good luck! This is a more … I started questioning gender-based assumptions when at eight I was confused at being called “bossy,” because I wanted to direct the plays we would put on for our parents—but the boys were not. The plan through civil disobedience will be to combat such evils as I have sampled out. Not so. For more information about the exam changes, check out this article about the changes announced on March 20, 2020. a technique that records the thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative sequence; reflects all the forces, internal and external, affecting the character's psyche at the moment, Example: “Ain’t I a Woman” by Sojourner Truth (1851). Flashcards. These words seem to me to be moving away from my condition, to be widening the gap between word and reality. Top User Quizzes in Language. Analysis: In her address to the National Assembly in Paris, Thunberg cites the 2018 “IPCC report” that outlines a total “remaining carbon dioxide budget” of “420 gigatons” in order to “have a sixty-seven percent chance of limiting the global temperature rise to below 1.5 degrees,” while “we emit about 42 gigatons of CO2 each year.” By citing specific data from a reputable scientific journal, Thunberg appeals to her audience’s logic; the data proves that the only viable option is to limit carbon dioxide emissions. After they say, ''I do,'' the account flashes back to a boy named Tony meeting a girl named Marie on the first day of kindergarten.