Ethylene is a plant hormone that differs from other plant hormones in being a gas.
It has the molecular structure:
As they approach maturity, many fruits (e.g., apples, oranges, avocados) release ethylene.
Ethylene then promotes the ripening of the fruit.Commercial fruit growers can buy equipment to generate ethylene so that their harvest ripens quickly and uniformly.
The presence of ethylene is detected by transmembrane receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the cells. Binding of ethylene to these receptors unleashes a signaling cascade that leads to activation of transcription factors and the turning on of gene transcription.
The ill-fated FlavrSavr tomato contains an antisense transgene that interferes with the synthesis of ethylene and hence slows ripening.Ethylene also affects many other plant functions such as:
|Other plant hormones|
|Abscisic acid (ABA)||Auxin||Brassinosteroids||Cytokinins||Gibberellins||Jasmonates||Strigolactones|
|As you read about these various hormones, you will note that: (1) each hormone affects several, or even many, different processes and |
(2) each process is, in turn, influenced by several different hormones.
How these overlapping signals are integrated to produce a particular response remains a topic of active research.