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A gas chromatograph coupled with a flame ionization detector is used for the separation and quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and many other organic compounds in liquid or gaseous samples.
Gas chromatography is used to separate a mixture („mobile“ or „moving” phase) by evaporating it and leading it together with a carrier gas through a separation column (stationary phase). The single components of the mixture have different lag times through the separation column that are dependent on their physical properties. This causes each compound to elute at a different time, which results in the separation of the mixture. At the exit of the GC column, the gas is thermally ionized by a flame. The FID then measures the conductance of the flame and creates from these values a quantitative profile of the composition.