Semiconductor Device Physics and Design pdf.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that semiconductor devices have transformed human life. From computers to communications to internet and video games these devices and the technologies they have enabled have expanded human experience in a way that is unique in history. Semiconductor devices have exploited materials, physics and imaginative applications to spawn new lifestyles. Of course for the device engineer, in spite of the advances, the challenges of reaching higher frequency, lower power consumption, higher power generation etc. provide never ending excitement. Device performances are driven by new materials, scaling, and new device concepts such as bandstructure and polarization engineering. Semiconductor devices have mostly relied on Si but increasingly GaAs, InGaAs and heterostructures made from Si/SiGe, GaAs/AlGaAs etc have become important. Over the last few years one of the most exciting new entries has been the GaN based devices that provide new possibilities for lighting, displays and wireless communications.
New physics based on polar charges and polar interfaces has become important as a result of the nitrides. For students to be able to participate in this and other exciting arena, a broad understanding of physics, materials properties and device concepts need to be understood. It is important to have a textbook that teaches students and practicing engineers about all these areas in a coherent manner. While this is an immense challenge we have attempted to do so in this textbook by judiciously selecting topics which provide depth while simultaneously providing the basis for understanding the ever expanding breath of device physics. In this book we start out with basic physics concepts including the physics behind polar heterostructures and strained heterostructures.
We then discuss important devices ranging from p − n diodes to bipolar and field effect devices. An important distinction users will find in this book is the discussion we have presented on how interrelated device parameters are on system function. For example, how much gain is needed in a transistor, and what kind of device characteristics are needed. Not surprisingly the needs depend upon applications. The specifications of transistors employed in A/D or D/A converter will be different from those in an amplifier in a cell phone. Similarly the diodes used in a laptop will place different requirements on the device engineer than diodes used in a mixer circuit. By relating device design to device performance and then relating device needs to system use the student can see how device design works in real world. It is known that device dimensions and geometries are now such that one cannot solve device problems analytically. However, simulators do not allow students to see the physics other problem and how intelligent choices on doping, geometry and heterostructures will impact devices.
We have tried to provide this insight by carefully discussing and presenting analytical models and then providing simulation based advanced results. The goal is to teach the student how to approach device design from the point of view some one who wants to improve devices and can see the opportunities and challenges. The end of chapter problems chosen in this book are carefully chosen to allow students to test their knowledge by solving real life problems.
by ” mesh, Singh, Jasprit ” Authors ”