NASA has officially called it quits for the Mars landing craft Phoenix, two years after the stationary probe touched down on the frigid northern polar surface of the Red Planet.
Phoenix, a solar-powered spacecraft roughly the size of a minivan, landed on the planet on May 25, 2008, and operated for five months, collecting and analyzing soil samples for signs of chemical compositions that would be conducive for life.
But the probe went dormant after the sun dipped below the polar horizon, plunging the landing site into super-cold, round-the-clock darkness for the autumn and winter months of the Martian calendar.
It takes just under two Earth years for Mars to complete a single orbit around the sun.
NASA scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, did not expect Phoenix to survive the polar Martian winter intact. The failure of NASA's Mars Odyssey orbiter to make radio contact with the probe after recently flying over its landing site 61 times confirmed that Phoenix was incapable of being revived.
In further confirmation, a new image transmitted by a second NASA satellite, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, showed signs of severe ice damage to the lander's solar panels.
Phoenix was the sixth spacecraft to successfully land on Mars since robot exploration of the planet's surface began in the 1970s with the Viking program.