|Preface Last Updated: 2/15/2005
It is said that Ireland, once visited, is never forgotten. The
Irish landscape has a mythic resonance, due as much to the country's
almost tangible history as its claim to being the home of the
fairies and the "little people." Sure, the weather may not always be
clement, but the dampness ensures there are 50 shades of green to
compensate—just one of the reasons Ireland is called the Emerald
Isle. Scattered mountains and hills rim a central plain, where the
River Shannon flows past green woodlands, pastures, and peat bogs.
Ireland was the seat of learning and sent scholar-missionaries
throughout Europe in the Dark Ages. Now it draws visitors with a
composite charm shaped of lilting laughter, Irish eyes, and the
Blarney Stone; of soils man-made from seaweed and sand in the harsh
Aran Islands, or palms waving in warm Glengarriff; of Donegal's lava
and Killarney's lakes; of voluble, tempestuous people with a
remarkable roll of literary lights-such names as Swift, Yeats,
Wilde, Shaw, Joyce, O'Casey, Synge. Eight centuries of strife with
Britain brought formal establishment of the republic in 1949. Its
name in Gaelic is Éire.
Although English is the main language of Ireland, it's spoken
with a mellifluous lilt and a peculiar way of structuring sentences,
to be sure. There remain areas of western and southern Ireland,
known as the Gaeltacht, where Irish is the native language-they
include parts of Kerry, Galway, Mayo, the Aran Islands, and Donegal.
Since Independence in 1921, the Republic of Ireland has declared
itself to be bilingual, and many documents and road signs are
printed in both Irish and English.
Jigging an evening away to Irish folk music is one of the joys of
a trip to Ireland. Most traditional music is performed on fiddle,
tin whistle, goatskin drum, and pipes. Almost every village seems to
have a pub renowned for its music where you can show up and find a
session in progress, even join in if you feel so inclined.
Irish meals are usually based around meat-in particular, beef,
lamb and pork chops. Traditional Irish breads and scones are also
delicious, and other traditional dishes include bacon and cabbage, a
cake-like bread called barm brack and a filled pancake called a
Though the nation's charms are fabled, it faces problems. The
"troubles" are far from over in the North, but the recent referendum
clearly signaled a willingness for peace and a genuine solution may
be in sight.
The country is home to some of the most welcoming people in
The Host Country
Area, Geography, and Climate Last Updated: 2/15/2005 5:53 AM
The island of Ireland ("Éire" in the Irish language) is divided
politically into two parts: Ireland and Northern Ireland. Ireland
(formally referred to as the "Republic of Ireland") contains 26 of
the island's 32 counties. Northern Ireland contains the six counties
in the northeast and has been administered as a part of the U.K.
since partition in 1922. The Embassy in Dublin has no jurisdiction
in Northern Ireland. The consul general in Belfast reports to
The 26 counties cover 27,136 square miles, with the greatest
length from north to south being 302 miles and the greatest width
171 miles. Ireland is separated from Britain by the Irish Sea,
ranging 60–120 miles across.
The central limestone lowland of the island is ringed by a series
of coastal mountains. The central plain is primarily devoted to
family farming and is also notable for its bogs and lakes. The
highest peak is Carrantuohill in Kerry at 3,414 feet. Newcomers are
immediately impressed with the beauty and charm of the countryside,
which is dotted with historic landmarks and alternating rolling
hills and pastures, mountain lake country, and stark sea cliffs.
Dublin has a moderate climate. Temperatures range from 16°F to
75°F. The mean temperature during the winter is 40°F; in summer
60°F. Annual rainfall is about 30 inches, distributed evenly
throughout the year. Noted for its soft weather, rarely do more than
a few days go by without at least a shower. Temperatures
occasionally drop below freezing during winter, and light snow
sometimes falls. During December, there are about 7 hours of
daylight and an average of 1-½ hours of sunshine. During summer, the
average daily sunshine is 6 hours. Mild winds and fog are common and
winds of gale proportion may occur, especially at night, from
November to May. Humidity is fairly constant, averaging 78%. The
climate is similar to that of Seattle, London, and The Hauge.
Population Last Updated: 2/15/2005 6:02 AM
The population totals just over 4 million, almost half of them in
the greater Dublin area. The next largest city is Cork (180,000),
followed by Limerick (79,000), Galway (57,000), and Waterford
(44,000). A high birth rate and the end of net emigration for the
first time since the mid-19th century have led to a remarkably young
population with roughly half under age 30. Although English and
Irish (Gaelic) are the official languages, Irish is commonly spoken
only in small enclaves, called the Gaeltacht, which are located in
the south and west. The government is encouraging a revival of the
Irish language, which about 55,000 natives speak.
The population is predominantly Roman Catholic (about 92%). The
second largest religious group (about 2.3%) belongs to the Church of
Ireland, an independent Anglican Episcopal Church.
Public Institutions Last Updated: 2/15/2005 6:10 AM
After a prolonged struggle for home rule, Ireland received its
independence from the U.K. as a free state within the British
Commonwealth in 1921. The constitution was revised by referendum in
1937 and declared Ireland a sovereign, independent, democratic
state. When the Republic of Ireland Act was passed in 1948, Ireland
left the British Commonwealth.
Ireland is a parliamentary democracy, governed by the
"Oireachtas" (Parliament) of two houses, an elected "Uachtarán"
(President), who is head of state, and a "Taoiseach" (Prime
Minister), who is head of government and holds executive powers. The
two houses of Parliament are "Dáil Éireann" and the "Seanad
Éireann." The 166 members of the Dáil, called "Teachtai Dála," or
more commonly, TD's, are elected by vote of all Irish citizens over
the age of 18 under a complex system of proportional representation.
An election must be held at least every 5 years. The Dáil nominates
the Taoiseach, who selects all other ministers from among the Dáil
and the Seanad (but not more than two from the latter). The
President, elected by direct popular vote for a 7-year term,
formally appoints the Taoiseach.
The Seanad has 60 members, 11 nominated by the Taoiseach, and the
rest chosen by panels representing the universities and various
vocational and cultural interests. Although the Dáil is the main
legislative body, the Seanad may initiate bills and pass, amend, or
delay, but not veto, the bills sent to it by the Dáil.
Ministers exercise the executive power of the state and are
responsible to the Dáil. The "Tanaiste" (Deputy Prime Minister)
assumes executive responsibility in the absence of the Taoiseach.
Under the constitution, the cabinet consists of 7 to 15 members.
Junior ministers are also provided. The Taoiseach, Tanaiste, and
Minister for Finance must be members of the Dáil. The Taoiseach
resigns when his government ceases to retain majority support in the
The three major political parties are Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and
Labour. Fianna Fáil is Ireland's largest political party and the one
that has ruled Ireland more often than any other. Fianna Fáil is
currently in a coalition government with the Progressive Democrats,
under the leadership of Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, after winning a June
1997 election. A merger between Labour and the small Democratic Left
was approved by both parties in December 1998.
Ireland considers itself militarily neutral and is not a member
of NATO. Since 1973, Ireland has been a member of the European
Irish law is based on English common law, statute law, and the
1937 Constitution. All judges exercise their functions
independently, subject only to the constitution and the law.
Appointed by the President, they may be removed from office only for
misbehavior or incapacity, and then only by a resolution of both
houses of the Oireachtas.
Ireland has a multitiered court system. The district and circuit
courts have wide civil jurisdiction and, in addition, may try all
serious offenses except murder and treason. Most civil and criminal
trials take place before a judge and a jury of 12 citizens.
The High Court has original jurisdiction over all matters civil
and criminal, but normally handles only appeals from the lower
courts and rules on questions of constitutionality in an appeal or a
bill referred by the President. Its members also sit on the Central
Criminal Court and the Court of Criminal Appeals.
The Supreme Court is the Court of Final Appeal and is empowered
to hear appeals from the High Court, the Court of Criminal Appeals,
and the Circuit Court, and to decide on questions of constitutional
law. Its president is the Chief Justice of Ireland.
Arts, Science, and Education Last Updated: 2/15/2005 6:18 AM
Traditionally, the Irish have excelled in the literary arts, from
ancient Irish sagas and legends to the rich folklore which plays its
part in country life. Anglo-Irish writers such as Jonathan Swift and
Edmund Burke were active in the flowering of Irish Arts in the 18th
century, while the 20th century has produced many writers and poets
of note: William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney, Frank O'Connor, Flann
O'Brian, and the foremost chronicler of Dublin life, James Joyce.
Irish dramatists have played an influential role in the development
of English-language theater: from Oliver Goldsmith, Richard
Sheridan, and Oscar Wilde, to the 20th-century works of George
Bernard Shaw, J. M. Synge, Brendan Behan, Samuel Beckett, and more
recently, Frank McGuinness and Martin McDonagh. Each fall, Dublin
hosts drama groups from around the world during the Dublin Theatre
Festival. During the rest of the year, you may choose from among
6-10 plays each week in the city's large and small theaters.
Music plays a central role in Irish culture. The national emblem
is the harp, and Irish folk music continues as a lively tradition.
Frequent concerts and recitals of classical music are held
throughout the year. The National Concert Hall, which opened in
1981, is the venue for several concerts each week.
Artists in Celtic and early Christian Ireland excelled in
metalwork, stonecarving, and manuscript painting. Among the finest
examples are the Ardagh Chalice and the Book of Kells. The
countryside abounds with the archeological and architectural remains
of many periods, including megalithic tombs, ring forts of the Iron
Age, medieval abbeys, and castles. Around the country, but
especially in and around Dublin, are many great houses and public
buildings from the 18th century, when architecture and other arts
flourished in Ireland.
Scientific research in Ireland is supported by several public and
private institutions. The regional universities are active in many
fields. The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies specializes in
theoretical and cosmic physics; the National Board for Science and
Technology is a major source of funding; and the Agricultural
Institute is the largest research organization in Ireland.
Two private institutions provide significant support for the
sciences. The Royal Dublin Society (RDS) was founded in 1713 to
encourage the arts and sciences and to foster improved methods of
agriculture and stockbreeding. The RDS sponsors a Spring Show
devoted to these methods and the famous Dublin Horse Show every
August. The Royal Irish Academy, founded in 1785, promotes research
in the natural sciences, mathematics, history, and literature.
The Irish Department of Education provides free primary and
secondary education. Most schools are state aided, yet remain
private and managed by their individual boards. Almost all have
religious affiliations; many are not coeducational.
There are 7 universities, as defined in Irish law: the National
University of Ireland (NUI) and Dublin University. NUI has four
principal constituent universities: National University of Ireland,
Dublin; National University of Ireland, Cork; National University of
Ireland, Galway; and National University of Ireland, Maynooth, which
is also a seminary and Pontifical University also has two
"recognized" colleges: Dublin City University and University of
Limerick, which emphasizes applied sciences and business. Dublin
University, founded in 1591, has one college, Trinity College,
Other university-level institutions include the Dublin Institute
of Technology; the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, a medical
school; the Honourable Society of King's Inns, which trains lawyers;
and the National College of Art and Design.
Commerce and Industry Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:44 AM
Ireland is enjoying its most propitious macro-economic
environment in four yers, reminiscent of the high-growth Celtic
tiger period of the 1990s. According to the Irish Central bank, real
annual GDP growth in 2004 reached 5 percent, as compared to 3.7
percent in 2003. Ireland is one of the world's most open economies,
and the country's robust performance in 2004 party reflects a global
recovery from the post-9/11 economic downturn. With slightly more
than 4 million people, Ireland is on pace to register more than euro
34,000 in GDP per capita, the second highest in the EU. In 2004,
moreover, real annual GNP growth was 4.5 percent, a change from
recent years in which GDP growth exceeded GNP growth by several
percentage points. Stronger GNp growth in 2004 indicates the growing
contribution of indigenous firms to national economic output.
Ireland's economic growth has been driven primarily by
investment, or more specifically, housing construction. Roughly
80,000 units were built in 2004, a tenth consecutive record year.
Economists estimate that this level of consturction has contributed
one-fifth of real economic growth in both 2003 and 2004. The
increase in housing construction has helped to slow growth in
housing prices from 13 percent in 2003 to 10 percent for 2004.
Concerns persist, however, about the affordability of housing for
first-time buyers, particularly in Dublin, where the average price
for a house is euro 329,384. Whereas economists are divided on
whether Irish housing prices are overhauled, most concur that a
deceleration in housing construction in the event of ECB interest
rate hikes would be a drag on future economic growth.
Inflation in Ireland was 2.2 percent in 2004, very near the
eurozone average inflation rate f 2 percent. This convergence
follows a five-year period since the inception of the euro in 1999
when Ireland's inflation was on average more than 2 percentage
points a year higher than that of the eurozone as a whole. A 3.9
percent price increase in the services sector, which suffers from a
lack of competition, provided the lion's share of overall price
increases in 2004. Restaurants and hotels, registering a 4.5 percent
year-on-year price rise, were the major contributors to service
sector inflation. Oil price increases have not exerted significant
upward pressure on inflation, since base prices for energy are
already quite high. Despite the fall in this year's inflation rate,
recent Government-commissioned studies show that ireland is the
second most expensive country in the eurozone for consumer goods and
Unemployment, as of late 2004, stood at 4.3 percent, suggesting
that the economy is as close to full employment as possible.
Inflation in the services sector partly reflects tightening in the
labor market, upon which the sector is particularly dependent.
Aveerage annual compensation in Ireland in 2004 grew by over 4
percent to euro 38,140, compared to euro 34,630, the average wage in
the original 15 EU Member States. Between 1998 and 2003,
compensation per employee had increased by 37.1 percent, compared
with 8.7 percent in Germany over the same period. The pay terms of
the current national wage agreement, "Sustaining Progress," which
provide for wage increases of 5.5 percent over 18 months, are
relatively moderate compared with previous agreements. Wage
pressures in 2005, however, are expected to remain strong,
particularly in the private services sector, where employment growth
likely will continue to be robust.
Between January and July, 2004, Ireland exported goods worth
roughly euro 49 billion, an increase of 4 percent over the same
period last year. Exports to the United States were worth just under
euro 10 billion, a 1 percent decrease compared witht eh same period
in 2003, while exports to the UK decrease by 3 peercent to
approximately euro 7.5 billion. Exports to Belgium increased by a
massive 34 percent to euro 7.5 billion, and exports to italy were up
14 percent to euro 2.3 billion. Exports tot he rest of Europe, Asia,
and Australia also increased in the first seven months of the year.
Meanwhile, the value of Ireland's imports between january and July
this year was just over euro 28 billion, a 3 percent increase over
the same period in 2003. Whereas imports from China and France rose
by 38 percent and 14 percent, respectively, imports from the United
States and Japan fell by roughly 8 percent and 1 percent,
In 2003, the last year for which data is available, Ireland
secured $25.5 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), up 4% from
2002 and just shy of the $25.8 billion record that Ireland set in
2000. FDI inflows into Ireland constituted 9 percent of FDI inflows
into the European Union, which, as a whole, saw investment fall 11
percent in 2003. Ireland also secured more than half the shared
services centers set up in the Eu last year and has been at the
forefront of the global shift to investment in services. The stock
of U.S. investment in Ireland in 2003 was $55.4 billion, compared to
$11.8 billion in China. Last year, moreover, there was $9.1 billion
of new U.S. investment flow in ireland, compared with $3.8 billion
in China. Irish investment overseas slipped from $3 billion in 2002
to 1.9 billion in 2003, the lowest figure since the mid-1990s.
Ireland's public finances are healthy. The 2005 Government
Budget, unvieled in December 2004, provides for nearly euro 45
billion in public spending, euro 3.7 billion (9 percent) more than
2004. No tax increases are planned. Budgetary targets for 2005
include: a government deficit of 0.8 percent of GDp: an exchequer
borrowing requirement of just under euro 3 billion, or 2 percent of
GDP; and, a debt ratio of 30 percent of GDP. The principal features
of the Budget are a euro 12.3 billion package for social welfare,
tax relief estimated at euro 682 million, a euro 900 million
disabilities program, and a euro 36.3 billion envelope for
infrastructure, chiefly transportation upgrades. A tax revenue
overshoot of euro 2.3 billion in 2004, due to one-off tax
collections on overseas bank accounts, gave the Government more
latitude than usual for social welfare spending increases in 2005.
The Govenment's economic policy has lately focused on maintaining
Ireland's competitiveness as an export platform and as a draw for
foreign direct investment (FDI), the twin pillars of Ireland's
Celtic Tiger success. While Ireland's performance in exports and FDI
continues to be strong, price and wage increases in recent yers have
created concerns that ireland, over the longer term, will be
challenged to compete with low-cost alternatives like China, India,
and the EU accession states. The National Competitiveness Council
and the Enterprise Strategy Group, both Government-commissioned
bodies, issued reports in 2004 on sustaining Ireland's
competitiveness. these reports recommended that Irish indigenous and
foreign-owend firms move increasingly into innovative, higher-value
goods and services by strengthening their R&D capabilities and
Automobiles Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:46 AM
Most personnel in Ireland find vehicle ownership convenient, if
not necessary. Diplomatic-list and administrative and technical
(A&T) personnel may import or purchase one vehicle duty free if
unaccompanied, or two if accompanied by spouse and/or family.
Administrative and technical personnel must import or purchase their
vehicle locally within 6 months after arrival. Vehicles purchased or
imported duty free may be sold without recapture of duty and tax 2
years after importation or acquisition.
Dublin boasts dealerships and service facilities for most
European and Japanese vehicles. Many drivers prefer smaller vehicles
for negotiating the narrow, winding roads. Because U.S.-made cars
are not distributed here, spare parts are not available locally and
resale may be difficult. Traffic moves on the left in Ireland, and
right-hand-drive vehicles prevail, though they are not mandatory. If
you import left-hand-drive vehicles, you should be aware that
driving may be more difficult, particularly on country roads.
Third-party liability insurance is mandatory and must be
purchased from a local insurer. Embassy personnel often find
insurance costs here much higher than they are accustomed to. The
following factors will increase the cost of insurance: Vehicles that
are sporty, fuel-injected, imported, have large engines, or
left-hand drive; also drivers who are single, under 30 years of age,
or have had insurance claims within the past 5 years. Insurers offer
discounts for recent clean driving records, so bring a letter from
your insurer indicating the length of claim-free driving. Many
employees insure through US-based companies.
Currently, gasoline costs about $3.40 a gallon on the local
market. However, the VAT is taken off the bills when they arrive at
the embassy which reduces the price about 50%.
Fees for automobile registration, tax discs, and drivers licenses
are waived for all official personnel. License plates do have to be
purchased locally and cost about 20 Euro.
Local Transportation Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:17 AM
Dublin city bus service is uneven and ceases after midnight. On
the main north-south route passing in front of the Embassy, service
is frequent. On other routes buses appear more sporadically. Not all
Embassy housing is situated near bus routes, a school van service is
provided to St. Andrew's School for Embassy children. A commuter
train line (DART) follows the coast north and south of the city. The
new LUAS tram system is a state-of-the-art Light Rail Transit (LRT)
system. Two tram lines connect Dublin's City Center to outer suburbs
of Dublin. Buses and trains are usually crowded. Taxis are expensive
and may be difficult to obtain. Many are radio-dispatched, however,
and most are clean and well maintained. Outside of rush hours, taxis
may be hailed on the street with varying degrees of success.
Regional Transportation Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:48 AM
All of the larger cities in Ireland can be reached from Dublin by
private auto, rail, or intercity buses within 5 hours. Only
intermittent stretches of four-lane highways exist in Ireland. Most
roads outside the city are narrow, winding, and need repair.
Ferryboats travel between Dublin and Holyhead (Wales); Rosslare
and Fishguard (Wales); Rosslare and Pembroke (Wales); Rosslare and
Le Havre (France); Rosslare and Cherbourg (France, March-October
only); Cork and Le Havre; Cork and Roscoff (France); Cork and
London is 1 hour by air from Dublin, and flights to the Continent
from Dublin are frequent. Delta Airlines, Continental, US Airways,
and Aer Lingus fly directly to Dublin from the U.S.
Telephones and Telecommunications Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:49 AM
Modernization of the telecommunications network has been underway
to bring an outdated system into line with the high technology being
employed in other countries. You can dial directly to about 180
destinations, including the U.S., and contact about 40 more via the
operator. Improvements have progressed to such an extent that,
except for the more remote areas and parts of Dublin, a telephone
can be installed within 6–10 weeks of application.
Internet Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:50 AM
Internet access is widely available in Dublin. Dial up service is
free and requires only payment for local calls. Broadband access is
available in most areas and is expensive by US standards.
Mail and Pouch Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:50 AM
Airmail, air express, and surface mail between the U.S. and
Ireland is reliable. International airmail between Dublin and New
York takes about 6 days, and surface parcels take 4-6 weeks.
Pouch facilities from Washington, D. C. to Dublin are available
for personal mail and packages and take about 1-2 weeks for letters
and 2-4 weeks for packages and magazines. Personnel may also use the
pouch for outgoing letters and small packages (less than 1 pound)
that take 1-2 weeks to reach a U.S. address. U.S. postage stamps can
be ordered through the Embassy in bulk from the NEX West Ruislip.
FPO facilities are available, however they are extremely limited.
The commissary sponsors a trip to the facility in London once every
quarter and twice during the last quarter of the year to send
outgoing mail and to pickup incoming mail.
The following pouch address is the recommended address to use for
letter mail, medicines, and eyeglasses, magazines, newspapers, and
packages. Size restrictions are in effect and mail must not exceed
40 pounds in weight, 24 inches in length, and 62 inches in length
and girth combined.
(Name) 5290 Dublin Place Dulles, VA 20189-5290
Packages may be sent to the following FPO address if needed:
(Name) U.S. Embassy PSC 801 Box D FPO AE 09498
Please remember that this FPO address is located in London, and
packages are picked up during the commissary trips approximately 4
times a year. The Dublin pouch address should be the normal address
for all mail.
FPO packages are limited to 50 pounds (70 pounds if item cannot
be divided into mailable units), 108 inches in length and girth
Radio and TV Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:51 AM
An autonomous public corporation, Radio Telefis Eireann (RTE),
operates the radio and TV services with revenue from license fees
and advertising. RTE radio broadcasts on three networks nationwide
on VHF in stereo-Radio One, 2FM (popular music channel), and Raidio
na Gaeltachta/FM3 Music (Raidio na Gaeltachta is the Irish-language
program, and FM3 MUSIC is a quality/classical music station). Radio
One and 2FM also broadcasts on AM nationwide, and Raidio na
Gaeltachta also broadcasts on AM in the Irish-speaking areas (The
Gaeltacht). There are also many independent radio stations playing a
variety of music.
RTE TV is broadcast nationwide on 2 channels-RTE 1 and NETWORK 2.
An independent station, TV3, started broadcasting during 1998. The
stations broadcast from early morning until approximately 4 a.m. or
5 a.m. weekdays, with extended schedules on weekends. In addition,
with a digital/cable system (NTL or Sky TV)(available in most parts
of Dublin) you can receive two BBC channels, two British ITV
(Independent Television) channels, and up to an additional 100
sports, general interest, and movie channels.
U.S. TV's will not receive local broadcasts without expensive
modifications. Sets may be purchased duty free locally or an order
may be placed through the commissary for the post exchange at West
Newspapers, Magazines, and Technical Journals Last Updated:
2/15/2005 7:51 AM
Seven daily papers are published in Ireland, all in English. Most
emphasize local and national news, but the Irish Times provides more
international coverage than the others. The leading British dailies
and the International Herald Tribune appear on Dublin newsstands on
the day they are published. A few popular U.S. magazines are also
promptly available at the newsstands, e.g., the overseas editions of
Time, Newsweek, Scientific American, and Omni.
British journals are freely available. Magazines ordered by U.S.
subscriptions are much less expensive but arrive about 3 weeks late
Dublin has several good bookstores; some offer secondhand books
at reasonable prices. The public libraries are an alternative; a
branch is located near the Embassy.
Health and Medicine
Medical Facilities Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:53 AM
The Embassy Health Unit is staffed by a part-time nurse, with
support from the Regional Medical Office in London, who provides
referral assistance to all new staff in obtaining the services of a
G.P., dentist, or specialist. Competent specialists in all fields of
medicine and dentistry provide satisfactory services, but their
equipment is not always as modern as in the U.S. Additionally,
patients may be required to wait a long time - up to four months -
for some specialist appointments. Emergency services are excellent.
Any employees with Class 2 clearance, or with family members with
Class 2 clearance, should consult very closely with MED and post
before bidding on Dublin. Obtain special medical or dental treatment
before coming to post.
Drugs and medical supplies of almost every variety are sold
locally. Some drugs normally found in the U.S. and other countries
are not available. If a specific medication is needed please contact
the Embassy nurse prior to arrival to determine availability.
Public and private hospitals provide adequate treatment, though
facilities are often not up to some American expectations. Children
under 12 are admitted only to children's hospitals.
Health and Medicine
Community Health Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:53 AM
The sewage system is modern, and community sanitation is good
although below that for some U.S. cities. Water is potable and
Among the general population, rheumatism and arthritis are
common. Respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma,
glandular infections, and head colds are prevalent. American
personnel avoid most of these diseases by observing good health
practices. No serious epidemics have occurred in Ireland for several
Health and Medicine
Preventive Measures Last Updated: 2/15/2005 7:54 AM
Have childhood immunizations up-to-date. Most immunizations are
available in Dublin, but varicella (chicken pox) is not available.
Employment for Spouses and Dependents Last Updated: 2/15/2005
Employment opportunities are limited. Please check with the CLO
and Personnel Office prior to arrival to determine availability.
A bilateral work agreement is in place between the U.S. and
Ireland. This agreement provides for the issuance of work permits to
spouses and dependents (over 18) who are able to locate employment
on the local economy.
American Embassy - Dublin
Post City Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:52 AM
Like most ancient cities, Dublin lies sprawled along a river. In
fact, three visible and underground rivers converge and flow into
the Irish Sea. The greatest of these is the Liffey, which has
divided Dublin into north and south for more than 1,000 years, much
as tracks divide the core of a railroad town. Today, nearly
one-third of the Irish population live in the greater Dublin area.
It is the political, cultural, and economic heart of the nation.
The great public buildings, the red brick Georgian rowhouses, and
the fine parks that give the city its distinctive character
originated in the 18th century. The Grand and Royal Canals encircle
the Georgian core of the city. Quaint shop fronts and pubs of the
19th and early 20th centuries add to the flavor of downtown. Dublin
has begun reclaiming some of the historic past, though many
once-fine areas have decayed badly from years of poverty and
neglect. New office developments have changed the city center's
skyline. The outer rim is ringed by newly built housing tracts and
industrial parks. The quays along the Liffey River are beginning to
change the image of a rundown seaport. New business has started to
develop as well as seafront apartment buildings. Small villages,
until this century a short journey away, are now enclosed within the
Security Last Updated: 3/4/2005 7:08 AM
Crime and Security in Ireland:
While crime in Ireland is comparable to other European countries,
over 97 percent of the population over 18 consider crime to ba a
serious problem. Initial figures for the first three quarters of
2004 show a decrease in violent crime by 7%. Dublin saw the highest
incidents of headline crimes (crimes such as homocides, assaults,
sexual offenses, burglaries, thefts, larcenies, and robbies) with 45
per 1,000, while remianing regions of the country varied between 18
to 25 per 1,000.
Mission members have not been victims of violent crime, but two
to three American visiting Ireland each month report that they have
been victims of muggings or street robbery. Typically, foreigners
tend to become vicitims of crime when they drop normal security
practicies due toa misconception that there is lttle or no crime in
Ireland is rated at the medium risk for crime due to recent
break-ins of Embassy Officers' residences. Residential burglaries
are common in Dublin, and criminals tend to focus on the affluent
neighborhoods where Embassy officers live. All residences have
updated monitored alarm systems and employees are actively
encouraged to use them when away from home and at night.
Anti-American sentiment is rare, but increased during the buildup
to war in Iraq. It should be noted that some Irish are passionately
against the current US War on Terrorism and the US presence in Iraq
and entering into political discussion in public places should be
There have been no terrorist incidents in the Republic of Ireland
this past year. Ireland, like most other European countries has a
significant third-country national presence, some of whom have
connections with extremist terrorist groups. Post works closely with
the Irish authorities to ensure US interests and personnel are
Other Safety Issues:
Traffic drives onthe left side of the road in Ireland, so
pedestrians and drivers used to the US system need to be very
careful when driving and crossing the street. The vehicle accident
rate in Ireland is high, with several fatal accidents occuring each
week. traffic is heavy and people tend to drive too fast on a road
network system that is out of date. Many of the main roads outside
of Dublin are winding and narrow, which makes passing difficult.
Irish drivers tend to drive more aggressively than drivers in the
US. Initially, new arrivals should work on becoming comfortable and
knowledgeable about their environment, their vehicle, and plan their
routes before setting out. Even drivers who are used to driving on
the left-side of the road should use extreme care when traveling by
the Garda Siochana is a well trained, professional national
police force of approximately 12,5000 sworn officers. Their only
real limitation is shortage of manpower. The Garda are responsible
for law enforcement throughout the republic of Ireland. Emergency
notification of the Garda or other emergency services are as
follows: 24 hours emergency service (police, fire, ambulance, coast
guard): tel 999, or 112.
The Post and Its Administration Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:20 AM
Completed in 1964, the Chancery is housed in an unusual circular
building inspired by early Celtic stone architecture. It sits
prominently at the intersection of Pembroke and Elgin Roads in the
pleasant Victorian section of Ballsbridge, 2 miles southeast of the
center of Dublin.
The Embassy staff is organized into the following Sections:
Management, Agricultural, Foreign Commercial Service (FCS),
Consular, Defense, Political/Economic, Public Affairs, and the
Marine Detachment. All offices except the Foreign Commercial Service
(FCS) are located in the Chancery. The FCS is located on the second
floor of a nearby office building. Working hours are from 8:30 am to
5 pm, Monday through Friday. The Embassy phone number is 668-8777.
The Marine Guard answers after-hours telephone numbers
668-9612/668-9464 and refers duty calls to the duty officer.
Civilian employees are paid on alternate Thursdays from the
Financial Services Center, Charleston.
Most employees arrive at Dublin International Airport, 10 miles
northeast of the Embassy. An Embassy staff member will meet you,
will assist you with customs, and will provide transportation to
Temporary Quarters Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:55 AM
The Embassy makes every effort to situate new arrivals directly
in their permanent quarters. When this is not possible, the Embassy
books employees into a nearby hotel, short-term apartment, or
Permanent Housing Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:56 AM
The U.S. Government owns or has long-term leases on four
dwellings: the Ambassador's residence, the DCM's home, and two other
houses. Other employees are provided quarters under short-term U.S.
Government leases. The post housing board assigns housing based on
seniority, family size, and availability.
The Ambassador's residence, built in 1776, is a house of
historical note, situated on 70 acres of wood and grassland about 6
miles from the Chancery in Phoenix Park. The ground floor has two
drawing rooms, a dining room that seats 26, a ballroom, reception
hall, and library, plus a large kitchen, pantry, laundry, and
cloakroom. The second floor has six bedrooms with baths, a family
room, linen closets, and servants' quarters. The extensive grounds
include attractive gardens, a small orchard, greenhouses, and
The DCM's home is a handsome early 19th-century house overlooking
Dublin's Grand Canal, about 1 mile from the Embassy. It has two
drawing rooms and a dining room seating 14 on the main floor. The
upper floor has a master bedroom and two smaller bedrooms. The
ground floor has a kitchen with a dumbwaiter to the dining room, a
small bedroom, and a small breakfast room leading to a spacious yard
and garden. Also on the ground floor are a servant's room and
Other employees are assigned to one of two government-owned or
several short-term leased dwellings. They consist of a mix of
houses, apartments, and semidetached townhouses. Living and dining
rooms (referred to as reception rooms) and bedrooms are small by
American standards. Housing is generally assigned prior to your
arrival at post.
Furnishings Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:56 AM
U.S. Government housing is equipped with central heating, basic
furniture, stove, oven, refrigerator, carpeting, draperies, lamps,
washer and dryer, microwave oven, and vacuum cleaner. Lawnmowers are
also provided. The Ambassador and DCM are provided china, sterling
flatware and hollowware, glassware, cooking and serving utensils,
blankets, and bed and bath linens. Other employees will need to
bring these items in addition to audio and video equipment, extra
transformers, small electrical appliances, pictures, books,
knickknacks, and any other items that will serve to personalize your
home. Anyone assigned to a government-furnished home should contact
the general services officer in Dublin for details of the
furnishings provided. Storage space is severely limited, and
employees are discouraged from bringing a significant amount of
their own furniture, as post is unable to provide storage for
privately owned items.
Utilities and Equipment Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:57 AM
Houses are equipped with hot and cold running water, bath and/or
shower, toilets, and electricity. Heating is provided by heating
oil, gas, or electricity, though many houses have fireplaces. Stoves
may be either gas or electric. Appliances in some homes may be
smaller than American standards due to space limitations in the
Single-phase, 200v-220v, 50-cycle, AC electricity is standard
throughout Ireland. Outlets take British-type three-prong plugs. The
wiring in many houses cannot take heavy loads. The Embassy provides
two transformers per household for accommodating 110v devices; you
should bring additional transformers or buy them locally. American
60-cycle clocks will not operate satisfactorily in Ireland.
Most types of electrical equipment are available locally;
however, they are more expensive. If you bring U.S. equipment,
please bring the instruction books to facilitate repairs.
Food Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:58 AM
Food in Dublin is more expensive than in the U.S. Meats, poultry,
and fish are sold year round. Greengrocers offer a wider range of
imported fruits and vegetables, but prices are higher than at
supermarkets. Fresh meats and produce in Ireland pose no special
hygiene problems. Canned fruits and juices are available, and
good-quality dairy and bakery products abound. Baby food in cans and
jars can be found in any supermarket. Although most shopping needs
can be met through diligent shopping, bring special spices and
condiments to prepare favorite ethnic dishes. Items low in fat
(fat-free yoghurt, soups, crackers, etc) are not widely available.
The small Chancery commissary stocks a limited range of duty-free
wine, liquor, beer, cigarettes, paper products (napkins, towels, and
toilet paper), and some canned and packaged foods not available
locally. Limited supplies of frozen and packaged foods are also
ordered periodically from a military commissary in England. The
commissary, which is open three times a week, is open to all
American Embassy staff.
Clothing Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:59 AM
Because of the cool damp climate, woolens can be worn most of the
year. Even in summer, light cotton clothing is rarely worn. Irish
houses are frequently cold compared to those in the U.S. In
selecting clothes, include sweaters, gloves, scarves, and sturdy
weatherproof coats and footwear. Flannel pajamas and bed socks are
desirable for overnight travel and even at home. Rainwear for adults
and children can be purchased locally at reasonable prices.
Readymade clothing of all types is sold in Dublin. Good-quality
articles, especially woolens and shoes, are expensive but on par
with U.S. prices for similar quality. Narrow shoe sizes are hard to
Men Last Updated: 2/16/2005 3:59 AM
Good-quality, readymade, and tailor-fitted wool suits can be
found at reasonable prices in Dublin. Nonetheless, bring several
medium- or heavyweight wool suits, a topcoat, and a raincoat.
Although dark suits are worn for most evening functions, a black
dinner jacket (tuxedo) is occasionally required. Senior officers
frequently need black tie. Tuxedos and other formal wear can be
rented or purchased locally.
Women Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:00 AM
Diplomatic personnel and spouses will need several dresses for
cocktail parties, dinners, and receptions. Department stores,
boutiques, and discount stores stock a wide choice of fashions for
women, priced according to quality. Comfortable closed walking shoes
are invaluable. Although you can easily find a wide choice from
fashions to shoes and accessories, it is advisable to bring complete
Children Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:00 AM
Although quality is good, clothes can be very expensive for
growing children. Bring complete children's wardrobes, anticipating
larger sizes that will be needed. Good-quality sweaters and rainwear
can be bought locally at reasonable prices. School uniforms are
required and most items must be purchased at specified stores.
Supplies and Services
Supplies Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:01 AM
Cosmetics, toiletries, cigarettes, home medicines, and drugs are
sold locally in considerable variety at prices above those in the
U.S. English, French, and a few American brands are sold. Bring
special cosmetics and home medicines if preferred, including
sufficient prescription drugs to last until arrangements can be made
with a local pharmacy. Most essential conveniences commonly used for
housekeeping, entertaining, and household repairs are obtainable
Supplies and Services
Basic Services Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:01 AM
All basic community services, such as drycleaning, tailoring,
beauty and barbershops, and shoe and auto repairs, are available in
Dublin. A few dressmakers are also available. Mechanical services do
not measure up to American standards. Delays are common,
appointments are a must, and the quality of workmanship varies
Supplies and Services
Domestic Help Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:32 AM
Finding competent and dependable servants is difficult; most
families do not employ full-time domestic help. Part-time domestic
help is available for housekeeping and light cooking, but it is
usually expensive. Nannies are available for between approximately
E400 and E600 per week, depending on qualifications. Au Pairs costs
less -- roughly E100/week plus room and board -- but work less than
20 hours/week and often speak limited English. Staff who employ
domestic help are responsible for proper payment of Social Insurance
contributions of 14.75%.
Religious Activities Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:46 AM
Numerous religious denominations hold regular services in
Dublin—Roman Catholic, Church of Ireland (Anglican), Presbyterian,
Methodist, Baptist, Lutheran, Greek Orthodox, Christian Science,
Congregational, Evangelical, Seventh-day Adventist, Moravian,
Society of Friends, Mormon, and Unitarian churches, four Jewish
congregations, and the Dublin Islamic Center.
At Post Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:57 AM Private primary and
secondary schools are good, though some parents find instruction
more structured than at American or other international schools,
facilities do not compare favorably with most US schools, and
sporting opportunities are limited, especially for younger girls.
Instruction is in English. Credits are usually accepted in the U.S.
for schoolwork completed in Dublin.
A typical curriculum in a Dublin secondary school includes
English, Irish (foreign students are exempted on request),
mathematics, religion, geography, history, foreign languages,
science, art, music, and physical training. Athletic activities
include rugby, soccer, basketball, track & field, cricket, hurling,
field hockey, swimming, and tennis. Instruction in dancing, riding,
music, and art is available at extra cost. The post allowance covers
the cost of school tuition, fees, and books.
Contact the Embassy as soon as possible regarding brochures and
full information on schools, as admission to the more popular
private schools can be difficult. Depending on the location, many
parents cannot rely on public transportation and must drive their
children to and from school.
Most, but not all, Embassy children attend St. Andrew's College,
located about 3 miles from the Embassy. Founded by the
Presbyterians, St. Andrew's is now a nonsectarian, coeducational
school with a curriculum comparable to those in the U.S., although
sequence of coursework follows the Irish system. American secondary
students may opt to follow either the Irish School Leaving or
International Baccalaureate curriculum during their last 2 years.
Credit is easily transferred to U.S. schools. With the aid of a
State Department grant, the school has an American teacher of U.S.
studies. The Irish grading system is more rigorous. Report cards are
meant to be shared only by the student, parents, and teachers.
American college applicants need special guidance in preparing
applications that adequately explain the Irish system or their
reported grades may often appear low. St. Andrew's College will
prepare transcripts for U.S. colleges that explain Irish grades. St.
Andrew's is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and
Colleges, Ireland's Department of Education, and the European
Council of International Schools.
Irish ninth graders must take a rigorous examination called the
Junior Certificate. The examination covers a 3-year cycle in
mathematics, science, English, history, geography, Irish, and
business studies. Although foreign students who have not made the
entire cycle may be exempted from the exam, some may choose to take
it as much of the ninth year is spent preparing for it.
The 10th year is seen as a decompression year sandwiched between
the high pressure Junior Certificate exam and the even more intense
Leaving Certificate test held at the end of the senior (12th grade)
year of high school. Although the Ministry of Education dictates the
subjects covered during the 10th grade, methods of instruction
differ from school to school. It is the only opportunity Irish
students have to sample many different subjects without the pressure
of external examination. The 11th and 12th grades are geared to
passing the highly competitive Leaving Certificate, the key to
admission to Irish universities. Although foreign students may be
exempted from the Leaving Certificate, juniors and seniors should
join their Irish classmates in preparing for it. Leaving Certificate
studies provide good preparation for the American SAT examinations
that are also given in Dublin.
School uniforms are required for students and are quite
expensive. Average costs are €300 - €500 per child.
Families must also purchase all textbooks as they are not issued
like they are in the states. A list is issued at the end of each
year, by the school, for each grade. Often times there will be
additional books added after the start of school in the fall. While
purchasing the books is quite an expense, €200 - €400 per child,
depending on grade and classes taken, the money is refunded as part
of the educational allowance so save all receipts!!
St. Andrew's requires a navy blue blazer and school tie that must
be purchased locally. Specific colors and styles are also prescribed
for shirts, sweaters, trousers, skirts, shoes, stockings, and
overcoats. Some of these items may be purchased less expensively in
the U.S. If you plan to bring school clothing with you, contact the
CLO for specific requirements. Information on other schools which
have been used by Embassy families is available from the CLO.
St. Andrew's Junior School. The Junior School has its own
principal and specially trained staff. The full range of elementary
education subjects is taught: reading, writing, mathematics,
environmental studies, art, music, nature study, handwork, Irish,
Latin, a basic introduction to continental languages, and computer
studies. Project work, physical education, and sports are also an
important part of the curriculum.
The final year of the Junior School course is specially designed
to prepare pupils for transition to the Senior School.
This transition takes place at the age of 11-12. Saint Andrew's
also receives a large influx of pupils from other elementary schools
at this stage.
Special Needs Education Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:58 AM
Parents with concerns about special educational requirements for
their children should contact post -- either the Management Officer,
CLO, or Embassy Nurse -- for specific information prior to bidding
on Dublin. Some special needs resources, which may be easily
available in the United States, are not available in Dublin.
Higher Education Opportunities Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:58 AM
Dublin has five major third level educational institutions -
Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin, Dublin City
University, Dublin Institute of Technology, and National College of
Ireland. In addition, there are several private third level
institutions including the American College and Portobello College.
Undergraduate tuition for nonresidents in 2004: Trinity College
Dublin 12,000-16,000 Euro, University College Dublin 10,500-14,500
Euro, Dublin City University 9,000-11,000 Euro, Dublin Institute of
Technology 9,000 Euro, National College of Ireland 8,000 Euro. Some
technical business, and professional (e.g., medicine, law) courses
have higher fees. Ample opportunities exist for continuing education
in Dublin through the universities, community and vocational
schools, and foreign cultural institutes. A Guide to Evening Classes
in Dublin is published each fall and also lists many daytime classes
and activities for children. Purchase it at any bookstore or
newsstand. In addition to such things as music, crafts, hobbies,
business, and domestic skills, nearly all community and vocational
schools offer lessons in Irish. Many schools offer classes on Irish
culture, history, literature, and music and dance.
Recreation and Social Life
Sports Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:59 AM
Despite the changeable weather, the Irish are great sports
enthusiasts. Many opportunities exist for the active sportsperson
and spectator alike. The Irish Tourist Board, "Bord Failte," has
detailed information on sports activities. All equipment and
clothing for locally popular sports are sold in Dublin.
Racing. Horseracing is a central feature of Irish sporting life.
Irish horses have a fine record in events in England and other
countries. Several leading courses are within easy reach of Dublin.
The world-famous Irish Derby, the Irish St. Ledger, the Guinness
Oaks, and other events are held at the Curragh in County Kildare,
about an hour's drive from Dublin. The flat racing season is March
to November. Steeplechase meetings take place throughout the year.
Point to Point meetings are held in the spring. Racecourses within
easy reach of Dublin are: Leopardstown, Fairyhouse, Nass, the
Curragh, Navan, and Punchestown.
Greyhound racing is well established with many tracks throughout
Ireland. Clonmel, County Tipperary, is the home of the Irish
Coursing Club. Many thousands of dogs are registered in the Irish
studbook each year, and greyhounds are a major Irish export.
Riding. Good riding stables are located near Dublin, and dozens
more across the country offer both instruction and horses for hire.
The Irish Horse Board, "Bord nag Capall," publishes a pamphlet
called Where to Ride in Ireland.
Fishing. Fish are plentiful in the rivers, lakes, and coastal
waters of Ireland. The most common are lake and sea trout, salmon,
and coarse fish. Although the best salmon streams are privately
owned and strictly controlled, you can arrange a lease for a
specified period at a moderate price. In addition, salmon and trout
fishing are free in many areas subject only to the boat and
boatman's hire fees. Those traveling to western Ireland for their
angling can make all the arrangements, including any required
permits, through their hotel or guesthouse. Sea fishing is good all
around the Irish coast; the more popular areas are off the coasts of
Cork, Mayo, Kerry, and Wexford.
Hunting. Hunting in Ireland usually means fox hunting, but there
are also stag hunts and harriers. The season starts in October and
ends in March. Club hunting takes place from September to November;
these events are held early in the morning and arrangements can be
made through a riding stable or the Honorary Secretary of the Hunt.
Shooting. Shooting facilities in Ireland for sportsmen are
limited and strictly controlled. Firearms certificates and hunting
licenses are generally issued to visitors who have access to bona
fide shooting arrangements or who have made advance booking with a
recognized shoot; the number of certificates granted in respect to
each shoot is controlled. Excellent shooting grounds, especially in
the west of Ireland can be found. For queries on how to obtain a
firearm certificate, you may call the Irish Department of Justice at
Golf and Racquet Sports. Within 20 miles of Dublin, you can find
more than 45 private and public golf courses in all-many situated in
splendid surroundings. Visitors are welcome at any club. Membership
is difficult to obtain, some clubs have a 12-year waiting list, and
is very expensive, since temporary membership fees are
nonrefundable. It is possible to play on these courses for modest
greens fees. The most popular courses in Dublin are Carrickmines,
Elm Park, Killiney, and Portmarnock.
Dublin has many tennis, badminton, and squash clubs. Membership
in these can also be expensive and difficult to arrange, and
nonmembers are not permitted to use the courts. Public tennis courts
are also available, but they can be crowded on weekends and evenings
Out-of-Doors. Camping, hill walking, and cycling are popular.
Access to mountain and moorland trails is free. The Irish Tourist
Board has information on campgrounds, national parks and forests,
organized trails, and hostels.
Water Sports. Strong winds and rough seas limit water activities.
Swimming is popular among the Irish who are not deterred by the cold
water. Dublin also has scuba diving schools and clubs that offer
introductory lessons. Yachting is popular for those who can afford
it, with centers located in Dublin and Cork harbors. Rowing is more
popular than yachting, and numerous rowing clubs abound. The rivers
and canals are easily navigated and offer beautiful countryside. You
can also hire cruise boats for a splendid holiday on the Shannon
National Games. Irish hurling, a kind of field hockey, is one of
the world's fastest field games. Hockey sticks and head injuries
symbolize this rough-and-tumble sport. Camogue, a woman's game based
on hurling, is played by many schoolgirls. Gaelic football is
related to rugby and soccer. The annual all-Ireland finals of both
hurling and Gaelic football command national attention. Both games
are regulated by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), founded in
1884 and a major force in the national revival movement in the late
19th and early 20th centuries. Handball, played with an extremely
fast hard ball, is also a traditional game in Ireland. Many young
people play rugby, cricket, and soccer at school and in athletic
Recreation and Social Life
Touring and Outdoor Activities Last Updated: 2/16/2005 4:59 AM
In and around Dublin are many places of interest to visit. In the
oldest part of the city are the Church of Ireland Cathedrals of St.
Patrick and Christ Church, and other interesting churches such as
St. Michan's. You may visit Dublin Castle, parts of which date to
the 13th century, which was the center of British rule in Ireland
for centuries. Many fine 18th-century public buildings are open to
the public, including the Bank of Ireland, formerly the Parliament
House; Leinster House, seat of the Dail; Mansion House, residence of
Dublin's Lord Mayor; the Custom House; Four Courts and King's Inn;
the General Post Office; and the earlier Royal Hospital at
Trinity College, aside from its lovely squares and notable
buildings, houses the nation's finest library. Among the famous
manuscripts and early printed books is the Book of Kells, a
masterpiece of Celtic illumination. Dublin also offers a small
number of very interesting museums. The National Museum houses the
finest collection of Irish antiquities and an assortment of
decorative arts. The National Gallery of Ireland contains an
important collection of European paintings, while the emphasis at
the Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery is on changing exhibitions of
The Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art is devoted
to the arts of the book and offers changing selections from one of
the world's great collections of Islamic and Asian manuscripts.
Kilmainham Gaol Historical Museum is the prison that held
generations of Irish patriots. Within its walls, the leaders of the
1916 uprising were executed. It reopened in 1966 as a historical
museum and has conducted tours.
Several beautiful parks can be found throughout Dublin. Phoenix
Park, one of the world's largest urban parks, encloses the
Zoological Gardens and the residences of the President of Ireland
and the U.S. Ambassador. The National Botanic Gardens are located in
Glasnevin in north Dublin. The fine Georgian squares of Dublin-St.
Stephen's Green, Merrion Square, and Fitzwilliam Square-are also
worth seeing. Well-preserved rows of Georgian houses surround
Fitzwilliam and Merrion Squares.
Within an hour's drive of Dublin are many historic sights.
Beautifully situated in the Wicklow Mountains are the ruins of the
medieval, monastic community of Glendalough. The Hill of Tara, the
ancient religious, political, and cultural capital of Ireland, lies
north of the city. In a better state of preservation are two great
houses-Castletown House and Russborough House; a castle, Malahide
Castle; and the magnificent gardens of Powerscourt.
Rising just south of the city, the Wicklow Mountains offer grand
scenery of green hills, bogs, forest, lakes, and waterfalls for
those who like to hike, cycle, camp, or just go for a day's drive
from the city.
Ireland is a small country; you can reach almost any point within
a 5-hour drive from Dublin. The roads are paved, but mostly narrow
and winding. The Irish countryside offers a change of scenery. The
western coastline attracts many tourists with its sea cliffs and
low-lying but rugged mountains: the Ring of Kerry, the Cliffs of
Moher, and further north, the wild countrysides of Connemara and
Donegal. On the Aran Islands off Galway Bay, the everyday language
is Irish, and many aspects of traditional life are preserved.
Indeed, in the villages and farms, you may glimpse the slower, more
traditional lifestyle of the Irish.
Among the sights to explore are many ruined and restored castles
such as Blarney, near Cork, with its fabled stone of eloquence;
Bunratty, which holds nightly medieval banquets; and the well-
preserved stronghold at Cahir. Medieval churches and monasteries
include the great complex atop a rocky outcropping at Cashel, the
ancient monastic city of Clonmacnoise, the Romanesque church at
Clonfert, and the Gothic abbeys of Jerpoint and Holycross. The
country is littered with pre-Christian ring forts, stone circles,
and tombs. One of the best is Newgrange, 30 miles north of Dublin.
At the Craggaunowen Project near Limerick, a neolithic ring fort and
island crannog (lake dwelling) have been completely reconstructed.
Many great houses of the 18th and 19th centuries are open to the
public, including Muckross House, overlooking the lakes of
Killarney, Bantry House, and Westport.
Recreation and Social Life
Entertainment Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:00 AM
Downtown Dublin has a dozen movie theaters, several of them
multiscreen cinemas, showing recent American and British films,
usually within a few months of their release.
The Abbey, Peacock, and Gate Theaters are among the best theaters
in Dublin, and each presents a new play every month or two. The
Gaiety and Olympia also present frequent changing shows ranging from
serious dramas to musical reviews and rock concerts. Several small
playhouses are active in Dublin and present first-rate theater.
During the Dublin Theater Festival in the fall, dozens of foreign
The Dublin Grand Opera Society and Dublin City Ballet are not
world-class companies but do provide appealing entertainment. The
RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) Symphony Orchestra performs regularly at
the National Concert Hall. Many visiting chamber groups and soloists
keep the musical calendar full.
For traditional Irish music, attend major concerts or simply
frequent one of the "singing pubs," where informal sessions are
Dublin has several cabaret shows, mostly a combination of folk
musicians, singers, dancers, and comedians. Choose from among
several discos, nightclubs, and ice-skating rinks for an evening
The most complete guide to regular and changing events is
published in the biweekly magazine, In Dublin. A publication by the
Dublin Tourism Board, The Events Guide in Dublin, is published
biweekly and is also a good guide.
Many music festivals are held during the year. Among the more
interesting are the Wexford Opera Festival, the Kilkenny Arts Week,
and the Festival of Music in Great Irish Houses. The Royal Dublin
Society's Spring Show, similar to a U.S. county fair, and the Horse
Show in August present trade, livestock, and flower displays and
some of the finest horse and pony jumping in Europe.
Dublin has many restaurants. Some are expensive, and the quality
is generally excellent. Cost can vary from Euro10-20 at an
inexpensive restaurant and Euro30 - 55 at an expensive restaurant.
Basic meals are wholesome and filling. Many pubs serve lunch and
some have evening meals available.
Numerous clubs and classes in Dublin are open for membership and
include: hunting, swimming, horseback riding, boating, yachting,
shooting, fishing, hurling, Gaelic football, handball, squash,
tennis, rugby, soccer, athletic, tenpin bowling, lawn bowling,
cricket, camping, hiking, cycling, dieting, automobile, social, and
Recreation and Social Life
Among Americans Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:00 AM Other than
Embassy staff, Americans living in Dublin include business
representatives, students, spouses of Irish citizens, and many U.S.
citizens of Irish background who reside in Ireland.
Some Embassy wives join the American Women's Club. In addition to
regular meetings, the club offers diverse interest groups, courses
on Irish cultural heritage, and tours.
Some Embassy wives also join the International Women's Club. The
Club is composed of representatives from the various missions posted
in Dublin, foreign women who have resided in Dublin a long time, and
representatives from Ireland.
Recreation and Social Life
International Contacts Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:01 AM The Irish
people are noted for their hospitality and affability. Ties between
Irish and American families can be a key feature of Irish-American
relationships. Social entertainment outside the home usually
consists of restaurant dinners or receptions.
Diplomatic luncheons are attended by representatives from many
embassies and the Department of Foreign Affairs. A diplomatic wives'
luncheon is also hosted each month. Members of the Rotary Club and
Masonic Lodges can also attend regular meetings.
Nature of Functions Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:02 AM
The level of seniority determines diplomatic social life. Senior
officers entertain or are entertained frequently; junior officers
somewhat less so. Numerous receptions, cocktail parties, luncheons,
and dinners are held throughout the year. For junior officers and
staff personnel, social life depends mainly on the individual. Staff
personnel and Marine Guards are often invited to Embassy receptions.
The Marine Detachment hosts community functions throughout the year.
One of the major social events is the Annual Marine Corps Ball held
each year in November. The Marine Detachment and the Community
Liaison Officer work together to facilitate and enhance involvement
and morale throughout the community and the FSN association.
Special Information Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:03 AM
Military personnel are prohibited from wearing uniforms while
traveling in Ireland. Exceptions are granted on special occasions,
such as official ceremonies and receptions. Direct queries regarding
military uniforms to the Defense Attaché Office.
Post Orientation Program
On arrival, new employees receive a briefing packet containing
information on Dublin and the Embassy. In addition, an informal
briefing is given by visiting various sections of the Embassy. No
U.S. Government-sponsored Irish-language training program is
available because English is the language of all but a small
Notes For Travelers
Getting to the Post Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:03 AM
No direct flights connect Washington, D.C., and Dublin.
Connections are available via Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia,
Atlanta, Newark, or New York (JFK). Depending on the date some of
these flights stop at Shannon Airport before proceeding to Dublin.
Passengers clear customs in Dublin. Irish currency is available
at Dublin and Shannon airports. Customs clearance for air and sea
shipments takes approximately 5 working days.
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Customs and Duties Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:07 AM
Household goods and automobiles from the U.S. should be shipped
through a U.S. Despatch Agent who will provide necessary
instructions. Bills of lading furnished by the U.S. Despatch Agent
or previous post, and full inventory of effects, should be forwarded
to the Embassy as soon as possible to expedite customs clearance.
Furnish the Embassy with chassis and engine numbers and advise of
engine cubic capacity of your car to arrange for entry. No
restrictions are placed on the size or weight of liftvans or boxes
shipped to or from Dublin.
Address shipments to the employee in care of the Embassy. For
USDAO personnel, include rank, social security number, and GSO
Shipping Office in the shipment address. Commercial storage is
available for temporary storage of advanced shipments. Van
packing-not CONEX-is desirable. Ireland has no special pilferage
USDAO TMO's should make note that post does not handle shipments
for Northern Ireland. All ROI shipments should be advised to GSO 4
weeks in advance of arrival and all relevant paperwork sent to post.
Official personnel are accorded initial free-entry privileges for
personal and household effects (HHE), including an automobile. This
privilege expires after the first 6 months for nondiplomatic
The Irish Department of Agriculture prohibits the import of meat
products into Ireland, even by diplomatic personnel. Customs
clearance is usually swift and simple. Customs inspection is
required between Northern Ireland and the Republic. Foreign currency
may be freely imported, but you cannot export large amounts of Irish
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Passage Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:08 AM
American personnel do not need visas for Ireland. No travel
restrictions exist. Although not required, passports should be
carried when crossing from Ireland into Northern Ireland or other
parts of the U.K. Ireland is a neutral country and takes no
cognizance of NATO orders and procedures.
Customs, Duties, and Passage
Pets Last Updated: 2/17/2005 4:02 AM
Ireland now uses the PETS Passport scheme for qualifying
countries. This has replaced the previous method of quarantining all
animals. Please contact GSO for further details if you are
considering bringing a pet to post. An excellent selection of all
breeds of pets, reasonably priced, may be found in Ireland.
Importation of certain types of birds is prohibited. Contact post
before bringing any animals or birds.
Firearms and Ammunition Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:09 AM
Certain types of nonautomatic firearms and ammunition may be
imported into Ireland. Notify the Embassy well in advance of the
intention to import such items and provide complete identifying
information. The management officer will supply further details and
instructions on limitations, means of shipment, and permits.
Currency, Banking, and Weights and Measures Last Updated:
2/16/2005 5:09 AM
Ireland is a member of the Euro zone.
All banks in Dublin handle exchange transactions, and many offer
Euro checking accounts. Banks will cash a personal dollar check, but
might delay payment. Dublin has branches of Citibank, Chase
Manhattan Bank, Bank of America, and First National Bank of Chicago.
Post has a relationship with the Bank of Ireland, which will cash US
checks without a holding period. ATM machines are widely available.
Ireland has adopted the metric system.
Taxes, Exchange, and Sale of Property Last Updated: 2/16/2005
The following local licenses are available to all official
personnel without charge upon application to the Department of
Foreign Affairs: automobile registration, drivers license, shotgun,
and hunting licenses.
All personal property imported duty free must be for bona fide
personal use or for that of your dependents. You may not sell such
property, except in the normal course of obsolescence, wear and
tear, transfer, or some similar contingency.
Automobiles imported duty free may not be sold without payment of
such duty less than 2 years after import, except by permission of
the Irish authorities. Permission for sale may be granted in special
circumstances, such as transfer of the owner. The Embassy is careful
to ensure that no exploitation of this arrangement occurs in
violation of the Foreign Affairs Manual. The market for used
automobiles in Ireland, however, does not encourage owners to expect
high prices for their sale.
Value Added Tax (VAT) is included in the cost of costs and
services. The VAT rate varies from 13.5% to 21% depending on the
item. All staff (both diplomatic and administrative/technical) can
claim reimbursement of VAT paid. Original receipts must be submitted
which show the amount of VAT paid.
Recommended Reading Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:10 AM
These titles are provided as a general indication of the material
published on this country. The Department of State does not endorse
History Beckett, J.F. A Making of Modern Ireland 1603-1923. Faber
and Faber: London, 1981.
Fanning, R. Independent Ireland. Helicon: Dublin, 1983.
Fisk, R. In Time of War. Andre Deutsch: London, 1983.
Foster, R.F. Modern Ireland 1600-1972. Penguin Press: Cambridge,
Harkness, D. Northern Ireland Since 1920. Helicon: Dublin, 1983.
Kee, Robert. The Green Flag, A History of Irish Nationalism.
Weidenfeld and Nicolson: London, 1972.
Lee, J.J. Ireland 1912-1985: Politics and Society. Cambridge
University Press: Cambridge, 1989.
Lyons, F.S.L. Ireland Since the Famine Weidenfeld and Nicolson:
Martin, F.X. and T.W. Moody, ed. The Course of Irish History.
Mercier Press: Dublin, 1984.
Moody, T.W. The Ulster Question 1603-1973. Mercier Press: Cork,
O'Brien, Marie and Conor Cruise. A Conscise History of Ireland.
Thames and Hudson: London, 1973.
Government and Politics Chubb, B. The Government and Politics of
Ireland. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press: London, 1982.
Coombes, D., ed. Ireland and the European Communities. Gill and
McMillan: Dublin, 1983.
Gallagher, M. Political Parties in the Republic of Ireland. Gill
and McMillan: Dublin, 1985.
Keatinge, P. A Place Among the Nations: Issues in Irish Foreign
Policy. Institute of Public Administration: Dublin, 1978.
Keatinge, P. A Singular Stance, Irish Neutrality in the 1980's.
Institute of Public Administration: Dublin, 1984.
Kelly, J.M. The Irish Constitution. 2nd ed. Jurist: Dublin, 1984.
Northern Ireland: Questions of Nuance. Blackstaff Press: Belfast,
O'Malley, P. The Uncivil Wars, Ireland Today. Houghton, Mifflin:
Economics Meenan, James. The Irish Economy Since 1922. Liverpool
University Press: Liverpool, 1970.
The New Ireland Forum: Studies and Reports on Specific Matters.
The Stationer Office: Dublin, 1984.
OECD Economic Surveys, Ireland. OECD, Paris: April, 1985.
O'Hagen, T., ed. The Economy of Ireland. Irish Management
Institute: Dublin, 1976. Understanding and Cooperation in Ireland (8
pages). Cooperation North: Belfast and Dublin, 1983.
Culture De Breffney, B. Ireland: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Thames
and Hudson: London, 1983.
Fogarty, M.L., and J. Lee. Irish Values and Attitudes. Dominican
Publications: Dublin, 1984.
Greeley, Andrew. The Irish Americans. Harper and Row: New York,
Kennelly, B., ed. The Penguin Book of Irish Verse. 2nd ed.:
O'Murchin, M. The Irish Language. Department of Foreign Affairs
and Board na Gaeilge: Dublin, 1985.
O'Siadhall, M. Learning Irish. Institute for Advanced Studies:
Reference Works and General Interest Administration Yearbook and
Diary. Institute of Public Administration: Dublin (yearly).
American Business Directory. U.S. Chamber of Commerce in Ireland:
Dublin (yearly). Cairnduff, M. Who's Who in Ireland. Vesey: Dublin,
DeBreffney, B. Castles in Ireland. Thames and Hudson: London,
Ernest, Benn. Blue Guide to Ireland. 4th ed. London, 1979.
Facts About Ireland. Department of Foreign Affairs: Dublin, 1985.
Joyce, James. Ulysses.
Nealon, T. and Brennan, S. Nealon's Guide, 24th Dail and Seanad.
2nd ed. 1982. Platform Press: Dublin, 1983.
Shannon, E. Up in the Park. Atheneum: New York, 1983.
Uris, Leon. Trinity.
Local Holidays Last Updated: 2/16/2005 5:11 AM
New Year's Day January 1 St. Patrick's Day March 17 Good Friday
Variable Easter Monday Variable June Bank Holiday First Monday in
June August Bank Holiday First Monday in August October Bank Holiday
Last Monday in October Christmas Day December 25 St. Stephen's Day
Personnel should avoid arriving on a local holiday.