IgA nephropathy is caused by a buildup of the IgA protein in the kidneys. IgA proteins help the body fight infections. There are more of these proteins when you have an infection like the cold or flu.
The protein buildup can damage the filters of the kidneys. These filters are needed to clean the blood as it passes through. If the filters are damaged, then the kidneys are not able to clean the blood. Minor damage to the filters will not cause any changes. Major damage will worsen your health. IgA nephropathy can also cause some blood and protein to leak into the urine.
Genetics may play a role in the buildup of IgA proteins in the kidney.
Factors that increase may your chance of IgA nephropathy include:
Early stages of IgA nephropathy rarely have symptoms.
The first sign of IgA nephropathy is often blood in the urine. It often occurs after an infection like a cold. Small amounts of blood in the urine may only be detected with a test. Larger amounts of blood in the urine can make the urine a pink or cola color.
Later stage symptoms may also include:
- Swelling of the hands and feet
- Repeated upper respiratory infections
- Muscle pain
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:
- Urine tests
- Blood tests
There is no cure for IgA nephropathy. The goal of treatment is to slow damage to the kidneys. Your doctor will also make a plan to manage related symptoms, such as high blood pressure.
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Depending on your symptoms and overall health, your doctor may suggest:
- Medications to help control blood pressure and decrease protein loss in the urine
- Cholesterol lowering medication
- Corticosteroids to decrease inflammation in the body
- Medications to suppress the immune system
Your doctor may recommend certain changes to your diet. The changes will depend on your overall health and your kidney function. Some changes may include:
Controlling protein in the diet by limiting or avoiding:
- Most meats and dairy products
- Gluten—protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats
- Controlling salt in the diet
- Dietary changes to manage blood cholesterol levels
Your doctor may recommend certain supplements like fish oil. Talk to your doctor before starting any supplements.
Exercise can help with overall health. It can also help manage cholesterol and blood pressure.
If you smoke, talk to your doctor about how to successfully quit.
The cause of IgA nephropathy is not clear, so there are no known steps to prevent it.
Tell your doctor if you have a family history of IgA nephropathy. You and your doctor can watch for signs of the disease and manage issues like high blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Reviewer: Adrienne Carmack, MD
- Review Date: 06/2016 -
- Update Date: 05/28/2014 -