Canada has always been perceived as a relatively quiet state. Meanwhile in this country the situation in recent years has deteriorated significantly. January 29, 2017 in the canadian city of quebec unknown broke into a local mosque and shot parishioners. The shooting occurred during the evening prayers.
At this time, the mosque was, according to various estimates, from 40 to 100 people, at least six of them died. Three shooters. Radio Canada reported that unknown persons in masks and screaming "Allahu akbar". In his speech, the prime minister of quebec philippe kuar called the attack on a mosque as a terrorist act.
Police arrested two suspects. The prime minister of Canada justin trudeau has described the attack on the mosque as a cowardly act and expressed sympathy to the families of the victims. While the police are busy investigating the dramatic events in the mosque, the public returned to the discussion of not only the terrorist threat but also its causes. Many people associate the risk of terrorist attacks with the immigration situation, which forces to pay special attention to the immigration policy of the canadian government and the emerging problems in the sphere of interethnic and interfaith relations in Canada.
Canada is a country of immigrants. Almost all the inhabitants of the country, with the exception of 1. 5% of the population — the Indians and eskimos are descendants of immigrants of different generations. It was the british and the french, the germans and the dutch, the italians and the poles, ukrainians and jews, Russians and the chinese, the swedes and the arabs, and of various nationalities. However, until the second half of the twentieth century in Canada almost not immigrated immigrants from muslim countries.
Therefore, the muslim community in the country remained insignificant. The situation began to change towards the end of the twentieth century, when Canada drew the attention of the natives of the countries of asia and Africa, including the followers of islam. It is worth noting that Canada is literally the birthplace of multiculturalism. Now multiculturalism is in fact the official ideology of the canadian state.
The theory of multiculturalism and multicultural citizenship have been developed by the contemporary canadian philosopher and sociologist will kymlicka. He is still a relatively young man (born in 1962) received his doctorate in philosophy and political science in 1984 at the royal university. The essence of the concept of kimiki is that people can't be unequal on the basis of their racial, ethnic, class, gender or any physical disabilities. It is necessary to reduce the vulnerability of minorities in modern society that can only be achieved by establishing equality between the majority and the minority.
This approach, in fact, shaped the policies of many contemporary Western countries against migrants, isoconversional groups, sexual minorities. Being a follower of the political philosophy of liberalism, kymlicka sees it as the universal concept that allows you to protect the rights of religious and ethnic minorities. Accordingly, liberal states minorities get the same rights as the majority. What are the implications of approval of this model in practice, we can see the example of most countries of Western Europe, where care for the minorities resulted in outright disregard of the interests of the national majority.
For example, Russian researcher v. S. Malakhov, described the multicultural society as a society without a dominant culture. However, Western society for centuries has been formed within specific cultural traditions, catholic or protestant.
The very possibility of the existence of a society devoid of culture, appeared only in the twentieth century, helped: the secularization of values and belief system of a considerable part of Europeans and americans, the formation of the cosmopolitan environment of cities, the assertion of mass culture, devoid of national identity. In this situation the minority with their more or less distinct value orientations, worldview, traditions and way of life have become a serious player in the political field — on the background of the atomized and anonymous mass of "Indigenous", whose native culture is gradually dissolved in the cosmopolitan mass culture. One of the main contradictions of the multicultural concept is that between the minority inevitably have disagreements, and even open hostility. Moreover, minorities may not understand and not take itself multicultural model, although themselves perfectly to use its achievements and benefits.
For example, communities of migrants from asia and Africa in the countries of Western Europe have achieved in the last decade, significant preferences, for example — the construction of religious buildings, very loyal relationship with the public authorities to their way of life. But a large part of these communities, as the growth of the latter, starts to demand more. If ever, these communities will constitute the majority of the population, they will immediately do away with the multicultural model. The unwillingness of the majority of migrants live by the rules of liberal society leads to many excesses, including the unpleasant or tragic character.
So good, at first glance, the idea of equality of different population groups entails terrible consequences like terrorist acts, "Sex attack" on indigenous women, rampant crime and drug trafficking. The communities of migrants are not ready to show multiculturalism in your own environment. Attempts by individual representatives of these communities to build their lives contrary to the customs and traditions of their ancestors sometimes end very tragically. The gap with relatives — only the innocent that can occur, for example, with the girl admitting premarital sex.
For example, the global media has repeatedly raised the problem of the proliferation of "Honour killings" in countries of america and Europe. Canada jumped at the idea of multiculturalism because this concept at some point, it seemed the canadian leaders of the most relevant entities of the canadian state. A country of immigrants needed to make all population groups, regardless of national origin, are equal. The main problem of Canada a long time lying in the plane of overcoming contradictions between anglo-canadians and franco-canadians.
But if dialogue between these groups, ultimately, is still possible, as equal to the position of the protestant and catholic communities, the massive immigration to Canada of people with a completely different cultural code was the challenge that multicultural concept did not know the answer. When most Western politicians are talking about the collapse of philosophy and the model of multiculturalism, it was too late. Uncontrolled migration and a complete neglect of the authorities to such critical aspects as religious and cultural compatibility, become the main cause of the deteriorating socio-political situation in many countries of the West. Canada is no exception.
However, unlike the same France, in Canada, immigrants from countries of the middle east, North and West Africa is not yet so numerous. However, in the last fifteen years there has been a clear trend towards a gradual increase in their share in the population of Canada. It can be judged on changes in the number of followers of islam. So, if in 2001 the islam professed 2% of Canada's population, in 2014 — already 3% of Canada's population.
A large part of canadian muslims live in toronto, vancouver and montreal. The canadian authorities are to isoconversional groups are very loyal, so the muslim community feel in this country quite well. In toronto alone there are about 200 mosques and prayer houses. The country has a madrasah, organized islamic activities.
Significant investments in the development of islam in Canada are investing in international islamic organizations and individual patrons, primarily from saudi arabia and other gulf countries. In Canada was opened and the Northernmost mosque in the world — in the town of inuvik. The number of muslims in this Northern village is small, but with the assistance of international charity fund zubaydah talaba was delivered already assembled from special materials of the mosque to the North of Canada. The majority of muslims living in Canada, is also keen to demonstrate his obedience to the law and loyalty to the canadian state.
This way, contributes to the benevolent attitude of the authorities towards muslims. In the spring of 2016 was published a poll, according to which 84% of respondents from among the muslims said that in Canada the attitude of the followers of islam is better than in most other Western states. However, 35% of respondents, while more than a third still said that from time to time run into any discrimination. The hospitality provided by Canada and the presence of yesterday's immigrants of non-European origin and their descendants at the top levels of the canadian state hierarchy.
For example, immigration policy in the canadian government from january 10, 2017 meets ahmed hussein, the forty-year native of SoMalia, came to Canada as adults, at age 18. Canadian parliamentarians are constantly considering new legislation aimed at facilitating the migration legislation. In 2017 Canada will make not less than 300 thousand migrants and refugees, with some members advocating for the increase in the number of decisions of foreigners to 450 thousand people. In 2016, Canada was attended by 37 thousand people, 80% of whom are immigrants from Syria, and the rest — mostly former inhabitants of Libya and jordan.
At the same time, despite the loyalty of the authorities of the islamic community in Canada, as in other countries, there are radical groups nationalistic.
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