Sunlight is contained of photons or particles of solar energy. These photons contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons hit a photovoltaic cell, they may be reflected, pass right through, or be absorbed. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When enough sunlight (energy) is absorbed by the material (semiconductor), electrons are removed from the material's atoms. Special treatment of the material surface during manufacturing makes the front surface of the cell more receptive to free electrons, so the electrons naturally migrate to the surface. When the electrons dislodged their position, holes are formed. When many electrons, each carrying a negative charge, travel toward the front surface of the cell, the resulting imbalance of charge between the cell's front and back surface creates a voltage potential like the negative and positive terminals of a battery. When the two surfaces are connected to an external load, then electricity flows.Scribing means, cutting off a grid pattern of grooves in a semiconductor material generally for the purpose of marking interconnections or to cut the solar cells into two parts.
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