Teacher Pack: What is Anfal?
‘Anfal' was a series of eight military campaigns conducted by the Iraqi government against rural Kurdish communities in Iraq, which lasted from 23 February until 6 September in 1988.
The word ‘al-Anfal’ is religious in origin: it is the name of the eight sura or chapter of the Koran, and literally means ‘the spoils’, as in ‘the spoils of battle’.
This teacher pack serves as a companion guide for the documentary ‘Kulajo: My Heart Is Darkened’, which can be viewed above. The film explores the stories of survivors from a single village who survived the horrors of Anfal. It combines first hand accounts from survivors, narration and archive footage to illuminate the causes and longterm impacts of Saddam Hussein’s mass genocide of rural Kurds in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Each unit focuses on fostering an in-depth understanding of a specific aspect of Anfal. The pack is designed to serve as a resource from which teachers can select learning objectives, follow-up questions, and activities that will best meet the needs of their students. The information is intended for students aged 13 and up.