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Tropical Deciduous Forest: Japan
Transcript of Tropical Deciduous Forest: Japan
Table of Contents
Physical Geography: Pages: 2-5
Adaptations of Organisms: Pages: 6-8
Ecosystems: Pages: 9-12
Environment: Page: 13
: The Temperate Deciduous Forests of Hokkaido cover the low hills and plains of Hokkaido. The deciduous forests on the island are primarily dominated by oaks (Quercus), basswoods (Tilia), and ash (Fraxinus). There is also a bit of Sasa in the forests (dwarf bamboo). It has a lot of plant species that you wouldn't typically find in a North American or European deciduous forest. Hokkaido has cool temperate forests in the south and subarctic forests in the north. The cold tempertures of winter in the north prevent beech forests from establishing. Hokkaido is one of the 4 islands of Japan and the northernmost island.
: The soil in Temperate Deciduous Forests are very fertile because the when the leaves decompose, the nutrients from the leaves are absorbed into the soil. Since Temperate Deciduous Forests have fertile soil, they are typically converted into agricultural regions. Temperate Deciduous Forests have a six month growing season.
: The climate of Hokkaido is the same as all Temperate forests, they experience all four seasons, they have warm, moderate temperatures in the Summer (10-15 degrees Celcius) and icy, snowy cold winters. It is typically more warmer on the western side of the island. They recieve about 750 to 1,500 mm of rain every year. Temperatures range from -30 degrees Celcius to 30 degrees Celcius, but stay at an average of 10 degrees Celcius.
Above: Locations of Temperate Deciduous Forests
Above: Japan's Temperate Forest Location with Hokkaido Circled
Description: Hokkaido is located in the northern part of Japan and is one of the 4 islands that Japan has. Temperate Forests are located in mid-latitude areas, which is between polar regions and tropics. Temperate Deciduous Forests are located in the east of United States, Canada, Europe, parts of Russia, China, Korea, and Japan.
Climatograph: Hokkaido, Japan
How the location affects the Climate
Japan is a country that gets a lot of rain and has high humidity. Northern Japan has warm summers and long, cold winters that give heavy snow. The major oceanic currents is a prime factor in Hokkaido's climate. The 2 currents that affect the climate is the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Oyashio Current.
Adaptations of Organisms
: The animals of Temperate Deciduous Forests have many adaptations because the biome goes through all 4 seasons. The Red-Crowned Crane migrates to warmer places during the winter so that it can find food more easily. The Ussuri Brown Bear and other mammals hibernate during the winter months because it is very cold in Hokkaido during winter. These animals must be able to adapt to all 4 seasons and Migration and Hibernation are the 2 adaptations that the animals use in Hokkaido.
: The Deciduous Trees shed their leaves once a year once it becomes cold or dry and then they grow them back later on next year. During the Summer, their broad leaves absorb a lot of sunlight so that they can produce food through photosynthesis. As the temperature drops through the year, the trees cut off the water supply that goes to leaves because they are unable to produce chlorophyll during this time. This makes their leave change colour (Red, Orange, Brown, etc). In the Winter, the trees have to conserve water, so they shed leaves so that they can conserve water, but they absorb the remaining food material in the leaves so that it is ready for Spring. In Spring, they grow their leaves back and the cycle starts over again.
Above: Brown Bear hibernating
Above: Japanese Maple Tree shedding during the Winter.
Adaptations of Organisms
: There is a mutual relationship between Brown Bears and berry producing plants. Bears eat these berries that are produced in their habitat and the bear transports the seed to a new location in a form of waste. The berries benefit because their seeds spread to new areas because the bears digest them in these new locations. The bear drops the seed as it defecates and the new location fosters the growth of the new plant.
: Some of the bears in the population contract lice at some point and it is parasitic. The lice in nourished because it sucks on the blood of the bear. This is harmful to the bear, but the lice is benefiting from this. This is what a parasitic relationship is.
Above: Brown Bear eating berries
Adaptations of Organisms
Adaptations: Why are they beneficial
: The animal adaptations, like Migration and Hibernation, are beneficial because it is what helps the animals survive in their habitat. The birds migrate so that they can find food more easily to prevent starvation and to keep them warm. Mammals hibernate because it insures their survival. They hibernate because food supply goes down and to keep themselves warm. They gather food before to survive through the winter months.
: The plant adaptations are beneficial because all 4 seasons happen in Hokkaido, so the trees have to adapt to the seasons. The trees absorb as much sunlight in the warmer months so that it can produce food for itself and the later months. In the Winter, it cuts off water and the leaves shed so that it can conserve more water. The tree absorbs the nutrients from the leaves so that it has food until Spring. This adaption is necessary for survival in the seasons.
: The foreign species that entered Japan is called Abrus Precatorius. Abrus Precatorius alters the nutrients in soil which is a big impact. It also has allelopathic effects which is used to alter native species recruitment. This is a very impactful species and it could change the whole environment.
Humans Influencing the Food Chain
: Humans are affecting the food chain in Japan a lot, to the point where some of the animals are in near extinction. For example: The Ussuri Bear is threatened is the environement because humans are hunting them and destroying their habitat. If they make the Ussuri Bear extinct, then the next important animal in the food chain is threatened. Humans are destroying the environment by building infrastructure and not caring for the environment. The food chain will be gone if this keeps happening.
: The soil in Temperate Deciduous Forests as we know are very rich in nutrients and people are cutting down trees to make crops. It benefits the farmers, but it doesn't benefit the environment and the trees may never grow again. People also use a huge amount of paper which I know is used for books and other things, but they can try to cut down less trees. This is a huge impact because if this continues to go on, then the whole forest/biome will be eradicated. There are many solutions to solve this problem such as planting more trees, recycling your paper, buying recycled items, and spending more time in the forest.
: Climate Change has been affecting Temperate Deciduous Forest in some positive and negative ways. These are 3 effects of climate change in Temperate Deciduous Forests: Higher Temperatures, Carbon Dioxide Surplus, and Precipitation Shifts. Higher Temperatures aren't usually a thing in Temperate Forests because the animals are so adapted to it. The higher temperatures have had postive effects on the forests, but the species are going to have to migrate, adapt to it, or die completely. Carbon Dioxide Surplus is very beneficial to the forest because the trees consume carbon dioxide, which increases the growth of the tree. This is only beneficial to areas that have fertile soil and sufficient water supplies, so Western/South U.S trees will not benefit because there is not a sufficient amount of water. The carbon emission from the decaying trees can counter the carbon dioxide that will be absorbed by surrounding trees. Precipitation Shifts are very harmful effect because the EPA states that climate change will bring so much precipitation, that it will destroy the forest habitats. The shifts can bring floods to areas, severe rain, and drought to some areas. Floods could possibly get rid of the nutrients in the soil or bring an insane amount of nutrients. Droughts can also get rid of the tree's ability to produce sap, which is what prevents harmful insects from hurting them. There is also an increased risk of forest fires because of the dry conditions. Climate change can do some dramatic things to the environment and some positive things to the environment.