Traditionally adding vegetable oil to our horse’s feeds has been known to promote coat condition and shine, however this additional fat is also a great way to increase the energy density of the ration. Studies have shown that by substituting carbohydrates with fat, such as the addition of soybean oil, it can lower the glycemic response after eating. When adding oil to our horse’s feeds, it is important that as horse owners we understand the different types and their benefits. Omega fatty acids have shown to promote inflammatory response, immunity and enhance fertility. Commercial feeds commonly have a higher omega -6 to omega-3 ratio, however, it is suggested that a ration should consist of an omega-3 to omega-6 ratio of 1:3-10. Attention and care should be given when supplementing oils, as too much omega- 6 compared to omega-3 can lead to excessive inflammation in the body.
Catherine Whitehouse, M.S., a nutrition advisor at Kentucky Equine Research (KER), stated, “Dietary fat is necessary for the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K, but it has turned into a useful feedstuff outside of that.”
Additional fat is a good alternative energy source to those requiring limited carbohydrates such as those affected by muscle diseases (Recurrent External Rhabdomyolysis) or laminitis. A recent study showed that the supplementation of omega-3 for horses diagnosed osteoarthritis, showed lower levels of joint inflammation. Fat as an energy source can be used to maintain a positive energy balance after injury, particularly of the pain and stress supress appetite for a length of time. Bluegrass Flax Plus is high in flaxseed, ideal for older horses or those recovering from injury by boosting their immune system and controlling inflammation.
Introducing additional fat should be done slowly, it can take several weeks for the horse to adapt and the benefits to be seen. Loose manure or refusing to eat their feed are often indicators that there is too much oil or has been introduced too quickly. It is recommended to replace vegetable oils such as corn, salfflower and sunflower oils with conola and soy oil if feeding for caloric benefits, as they are higher in omega-3 fatty acids.
There are however, alternative fat sources than oils, stabilised rice bran has between 18 to 20% fat. Due to the heating process, the denaturing of enzymes occurs resulting in an enhanced energy density of a ration. Stabilized rice bran is convenient as an energy and essential fatty acid source in the diets of show and performance horses as well as young growing horses. It is important to note that stabilized rice bran should be viewed as an additive to a horse’s diet and not a replacement for essential vitamin and mineral fortification. The Bluegrass Horse Feeds range contains Equi-Jewel a stabilised rice bran and within several of the conditioning feeds, providing the addition energy and calories required whilst ensuring a balanced diet is maintain.