The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the combination of uses and distribution of room areas in the conversion of closed public schools. Four types of combinations of uses and three types of distributions of room spaces were extracted from 109 cases of closed schools nationwide. Based on the above categorizations, 11 cases were analyzed in detail. Additionally, an analysis of the zoning and renovation methods required clarified that ground floors were zoned for multiple uses; upper floors were zoned and renovated according to their respective uses.
This study focuses on residents’ behavior when choosing a shelter during Typhoon 1919 (Hagibis). A questionnaire survey was conducted in Inogata, Komae City, where an evacuation recommendation was issued due to the rise in the water level of the Tama-gawa River. Approximately 40% of respondents evacuated. Of those who evacuated, 55% chose designated shelters and 29% chose a relative or friend’s house. If the designated shelter was full, less than 10% moved to a second shelter. Instead, many gave up evacuation. The reason and timing of evacuation varied according to the type of shelter.
This paper is comparative study with previous study to verify 20 years change of Chowringhee district (Kolkata, India), past European residential area of colonial Calcutta. The primary purpose is to clarify how the area has changed, mainly focusing on the renewal (reconstruction, extension and renovation) of buildings, and the combine or sub-division of the site. The grand purpose of this paper is to discuss how to evaluate the colonial heritage of the Western powers left in the big cities around the world, and how to utilize the historical blocks maintained in the urban core of the colonial cities.
The purpose is to extract the objects and elements to be evaluated from the landscape photographs taken by the residents and show the difference between the greening evaluation and the green coverage rate. The greens evaluated are as follows. First, in places with a high green coverage rate, there are many trees in public space. Second, in urban areas with a low green coverage rate, it is within a close distance to see and touch hedges and flower beds. From the above, it was shown that there are many preferred greens regardless of the green coverage rate.
Decommissioned coal-mine areas underwent industrial restructuring ahead of the rest of Japan. Many coal-mining companies closed their operations in the 1960s, and their host communities experienced various changes following their withdrawals. This study is aimed at evaluating, and gaining insight into, post-restructuring urban planning measures by drawing on statistical figures and land use change data from Fukuoka Prefecture to find out:
1. How geographical location affects population changes and financial strengths;
2. How the expansion of industrial parks and highways affects transformation of regional communities; and
3. Typical patterns and characteristics of land use changes at decommissioned coal-mining sites.
This research analyzes how the design team solved the client's issues in the case of a waste disposable facility construction project. Firstly, it is found that the design team acquires knowledge from external consultant like plant designer, and integrates and internalizes this, and then created an architectural plan. Secondly, in the arrangement of the design and build consistency procurement, the construction team has no formal responsibility for the design team but has responsibility for the construction, and the design team and the construction team can flexibly participate in the design process and it allow knowledge to be internalized and integrated.
The construction industry is currently facing the problem of long working time of construction site engineers. However, there is not enough comprehensive data and analysis for construction management work. In this study, we propose a simulation model that can be used to improve the entire building construction management work by identifying the tasks and describing the manpower parametrically. This will enable to estimate the appropriate allocation of engineers, the effects of ICT systems, and the effects of various other measures.
This article considers the re-export port and export port of iron nails and the production of exported iron nails from the middle of the Meiji era to before World War II. The following points have been clarified.
Since 1914, the majority of iron nails have been exported from Osaka Port, and during the period from 1928 to 1938, 87.6% of the total was exported from Osaka. Yasuda's production was only a few percent for export, and Kishimoto's production was about 40%. The rest was carried out by small and medium-sized nail makers in Osaka and Hyogo.
In this study, we focus on the building for tobacco and salt monopolies, whose works were pursued rapidly because of national financial requirements. We attempt to clarify their characteristics. The findings are as follows:
i. There was a chronic shortage of technicians, and local officials were contracted to supervise the work. Several document forms were prepared and distributed for the organization's operations, including those of building technicians outside the department.
ii. To ensure homogeneity of the large number of facilities, on-site supervision was emphasized.
iii. The construction method and materials were chosen based on the requirements of construction management.
This paper shows the development of the activities of the Tokyo General Construction Workers Union from 1947 to 1965 as a genealogy of the architectural movement in Japan after WWII. This union is an industrial labor union established by construction workers such as craftsmen in 1947. The postwar architectural movement was led by architects and focused exclusively on housing as a social issue. Therefore, we understood their activities concerning housing from the perspective of its relationship with architects and discussed its subsequent development.
In this study, we conducted a field survey of Buddhist temples, Taoist temple, and Shrines with One bay tpye with under roof in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2019. We surveyed and photographed a total of 12 buildings, including important cultural relics and well-preserved structures at the national, provincial, and municipal levels in the Ming Dynasty, and created a plan view, compared and examined the planes, frames, tokyous and ceilings, and clarified the architectural characteristics of the Buddhist temple with One bay type with under roof of the ministry.
Millions of people have been involved in collective relocation projects for poverty alleviation in rural China. We focus on social integration between the re-settler group and local group in village-to-village relocation projects:
1. There are four resettlement types: centralized type, adjacent type, enclave type, and infill type.
2. Social integration was evaluated by social isolation (SO) and spatial isolation (SP).
3. SP is one of the crucial factors that influence SO. Centralized and infill types are preferable; enclave type is the least recommended; and adjacent type is mostly adopted.