||Supplemental Information p.9 bottom paragraph: "Cell and vacuole growth simulations – Simulations of cell and vacuole growth were programmed
using MATLAB (MathWorks). To generate a wild-type population (Fig. 3B, center), the simulation was initialized with 10 1st-generation mother cells containing a vacuole. The ratio of vacuole surface area-to cell volume was set to the population average measured experimentally. The time step of the simulation was 10min, and instantaneous cell and vacuole growth rates were randomly chosen from a Gaussian
distribution with mean and standard deviation calculated from experimental data (cell volume growth rate =
4.9 ± 2μm^3/time step, vacuole surface area growth rate = 1.3 ± 1.1μm^2/time step). 1st generation mothers without buds were considered to be in G1, and when they reached a size threshold of volume 40μm^3, they would begin budding with a probability that increased linearly with mother size. During budding, cell and vacuole continued growing at the same rates as in G1, and this growth was localized to the bud cell to simulate wild-type behavior. Once the bud reached a volume threshold of 30μm^3, a probability of cytokinesis was introduced which increased linearly with bud size. Cytokinesis split the mother and bud along with their vacuoles into two mother cells to undergo a new G1 and budding cycle. This process was
repeated until at least 500 cells were produced, which represented 6 generations of cells, and cell and
vacuole sizes were recorded for every cell (mother, bud, and total) at all timepoints. The values of parameters used for the simulations depicted in each of the panels in Fig. 4 are summarized in Table S1."