Escola de la Llotja
The Escola de la Llotja (Catalan pronunciation: [əsˈkɔlə ðə lə ˈʎɔdʒə], "Llotja School"; Spanish: Escuela de la Lonja), officially the Escola d'Arts i Oficis de Barcelona (Barcelona Arts and Crafts School), is an art and design school located in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The school took its name from its initial location in the Llotja de Mar palace; it was moved in 1967 to its current location at 17 Ciutat de Balaguer Street. (It also has a satellite location at 40 Padre Manyanet Street in the San Andreu neighborhood.) The first director of the school was Valencian engraver Pedro Pascual Moles, who oriented the school towards academic art advocated by painter Anton Raphael Mengs.
The school was founded by the Junta de Comerç de Barcelona in 1775 under the name Escola gratuïta de disseny as a training center for applied art. The school was first oriented around the printing of silk and cotton textiles, and later broadened its scope to include the plastic arts. The period between 1768 and 1787 was a great boom of textile-printing factories, and Barcelona led Europe in textile-printing activity. In 1817, the school added architectural studies to its program of studies.
The school's classes were totally free. Furthermore, scholarships allowed many students to travel to Madrid and other European centers like Rome and Paris for studies, where they typically dedicated themselves to copying grand masters' works, which was a common method of study in that era. The school's focus evolved toward the fine arts and in 1778 its name was changed to Fine Arts School (Escola de Nobles Arts). In 1790, the school expanded with satellite locations in Olot, Palma de Mallorca, Tàrrega, Girona, Saragossa, and Haca. The school organized its first exhibition in 1786 of prize-winning student work; in the next year's exhibition, other non-student artworks were also displayed.
In 1850, the school became dependent on the Acadèmia Provincial de Belles Arts, with the new name Provincial School of Fine Art (Escola Provincial de Belles Arts).
- Pedro Pascual Moles Biografías y Vidas
- Tomo 14,(2004) La Gran Enciclopèdia en català', Edicions 62, ISBN 84-297-5442-3
- Montero i Madariaga, Jordi,(2002), Llotja Escola Gratuïta 1775 Escola d'Art 2000 "Presentació", Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Ensenyament Escola d'Art Llotja, DL-. B-52.966-00
- Thompson, James, (1994) Los orígenes de la industrialización en Catalunya: el algodón en Barcelona 1728-1832, Barcelona, Edicions 62 ISBN 84-297-3803-7 p. 37
- Judit Subirachs i Burgaya, (1994), L'Escultura del segle XIX a Catalunya Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, ISBN 84-7826-577-5
- Jules Heller; Nancy G. Heller (19 December 2013). North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-63882-5.