Dutch philosopher known for his rationalist theories that helped set the table for 18th century Enlightenment ideals. His most well-known piece of literature, entitled Ethics, was released posthumously and placed on the Catholic Churgh's Index of Forbidden Books.
He was raised in a traditional Jewish family, attending synagogue regularly.
One of his many philosophies was the belief that God exists in an abstract and impersonal state.
He was born Baruch Spinoza in Amsterdam. His father Miguel was a merchant and the warden of a synagogue.
He was actively opposed to the views of French philosopher Rene Descartes.