Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune disease. The initial lesion is usually a totally bald, smooth patch. At its margins, hairs which appear normal may also be very readily extracted. Subsequent progress is variable. The course of alopecia areata is highly unpredictable, and the uncertainty of what will happen next is probably the most difficult and frustrating aspect of the disease. You may continue to lose hair, or your hair loss may stop. The hair you have lost may or may not grow back, and you may or may not continue to develop new bare patches.
It usually begins as one or more small, round or oval, smooth patches and affects both males and females. It can begin at any age, but it presents itself usually in childhood or young adulthood. In about 1 - 2% of cases, it can spread to affect the entire scalp – this type of alopecia areata is called alopecia totalis or the entire body - alopecia universalis.
Common Causes of Alopecia Areata are:
Alopecia areata, a non-scarring alopecia, is thought to be an autoimmune disease and is characterized by distinct, localized, sharply marginated areas of hair loss. This characteristically spontaneously remits but occasionally can result in the loss of 100% of all body hair.
Female-pattern baldness is very similar to its male counterpart although it is rarely as complete, more diffuse, and often a frontal hairline is maintained.
Male-pattern baldness, a non-scarring alopecia ( Androgenic Alopecia ), that is genetically determined. In afflicted post pubertal individuals, hair follicles in the center of the scalp and over the temple begin to miniaturize, producing small, fine hairs which are difficult to see. This process is due to the metabolism of testosterone by an enzyme in the hair follicle. Generally, hair follicles over the ears and around the posterior of the scalp do not possess this enzyme so a fringe of normal hair is maintained.
Medications such as allopurinol (Zyloprim) and warfarin (Coumadin)
Causes of Alopecia that are uncommon are:
Infections such as syphilis and fungal infections
Skin diseases such as lupus and lichen planus
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