Tuesday, August 06, 2019
by Common Dreams'Biggest Crisis No One Is Talking About': Quarter of Humanity Faces 'Extremely High Water Stress' Intensified by Climate Emergency"A new generation of solutions is emerging, but nowhere near fast enough."
by Jessica Corbett, staff writer
An analysis released Tuesday warns that 17 countries which are collectively home to a quarter of the global population face "extremely high water stress" that is on track to get worse—particularly because of the human-caused climate emergency.
The data is part of the World Resources Institute's (WRI) Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, a publicly available database and interactive tool designed to enhance global understanding of water scarcity, which WRI calls "one of the defining issues of the 21st century."
"The newly updated Aqueduct tools allow users to better see and understand water risks and make smart decisions to manage them," WRI president and CEO Andrew Steer said in a statement. "A new generation of solutions is emerging, but nowhere near fast enough. Failure to act will be massively expensive in human lives and livelihoods."
"Water stress is the biggest crisis no one is talking about," said Steer. "Its consequences are in plain sight in the form of food insecurity, conflict and migration, and financial instability."
The WRI statement noted that "the world has seen a string of water crises in recent years, as what's now known as 'Day Zero'—the day when the taps run dry—has threatened major cities from Cape Town to Săo Paolo to Chennai."
Betsy Otto, who directs WRI's global water program, told The New York Times that "we're likely to see more of these Day Zeros in the future."
Otto, speaking to The Guardian, added that "our populations and economies are growing and demanding more water. But our supply is threatened by climate change, water waste, and pollution."
In a blog post announcing the new data, WRI outlined three ways that communities and countries around the world can reduce water stress, regardless of where they rank on the group's list:
Increase agricultural efficiency by using seeds and irrigation techniques that require less water, investing in developing technology that improves farming, and cutting back on food loss and waste;
Invest in "grey"and "green" infrasturcture, improving everything from pipes and treatment plants to wetlands and watersheds.
Treat, reuse, and recycle "wastewater."
The blog explained that countries rank at WRI's highest level for water stress if their "irrigated agriculture, industries, and municipalities withdraw more than 80 percent of their available supply on average every year."
A dozen of the top-ranked countries are located in the Middle East and North Africa. "The region is hot and dry, so water supply is low to begin with," wrote WRI, "but growing demands have pushed countries further into extreme stress."
India, which has a population exceeding 1.3 billion, also ranks among the most water-stressed nations.
Shashi Shekhar—former secretary of India's Ministry of Water Resources and a senior fellow at WRI India—noted that "the recent water crisis in Chennai gained global attention, but various areas in India are experiencing chronic water stress as well."
"India can manage its water risk with the help of reliable and robust data pertaining to rainfall, surface, and groundwater to develop strategies that strengthen resilience," Shekhar said. "Aqueduct can help identify and prioritize water risks in India and around the world."
Behind the 17 nations at WRI's top level are 44 countries—collectively home to another third of the world's population—that face "high" water stress, withdrawing on average more than 40 percent of their available supply annually.
However, as WRI's blog post pointed out, "pockets of extreme water stress exist even in countries with low overall water stress."
"For example, South Africa and the United States rank #48 and #71 on WRI's list, respectively, yet the Western Cape (the state home to Cape Town) and New Mexico experience extremely high stress levels," the group explained. "The populations in these two states rival those of entire nations on the list of most water-stressed countries."
"The data is clear: There are undeniably worrying trends in water," WRI concluded. "But by taking action now and investing in better management, we can solve water issues for the good of people, economies and the planet."
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