I hope Ayurveda is one of it's kind. Most of the medicines used in Ayurveda are readily available from nature and it is based on Hindu Vedas. The ancient yogis and teachers have prepared these basic texts for Ayurveda.
Putting major points from wikipedia about this treatment technique,
Ayurveda (Sanskrit Āyurveda आयुर्वेद, "life-knowledge"; English pronunciation /ˌaɪ.ərˈveɪdə/) or Ayurvedic medicine is a system of Hindu traditional medicine, is native to the Indian subcontinent, and is a form of alternative medicine. The oldest known Ayurvedic texts are the Suśrutha Saṃhitā and the Charaka Saṃhitā. These Classical Sanskrit texts are among the foundational and formally compiled works of Ayurveda.
By the medieval period, Ayurvedic practitioners developed a number of medicinal preparations and surgical procedures for the treatment of various ailments. Practices that are derived from Ayurvedic medicine are regarded as part of complementary and alternative medicine, and along with Siddha Medicine and Traditional Chinese medicine, forms the basis for systems medicine.
Ayurveda is at present well integrated into the Indian National health care system, with state hospitals for Ayurveda established across the country. In the United States, the practice of Ayurveda is licensed in complementary heath care.
Ayurvedic doctors regard physical and mental existence as well as personality as a unit, each element having the capacity to influence the others. One of the fundamental aspects of Ayurvedic medicine is to take this holistic approach into account during diagnosis and therapy.
Treatment and health protection
While two of the eight branches of classical Ayurveda deal with surgery (Śalya-cikitsā, Śālākya-tantra), contemporary Ayurvedic theory tends to emphasise that building a healthy metabolic system, attaining good digestion and proper excretion lead to vitality.Ayurveda also focuses on exercise, yoga, and meditation. To maintain health, a Sattvic diet can be prescribed to the patient.
Concepts of Dinacharya are followed in Ayurveda; dinacharya stresses the importance of natural cycles (waking, sleeping, working, meditation etc.) for a healthy living. Hygiene, too, is a central practice of Ayurvedic medicine. Hygienic living involves regular bathing, cleansing of teeth, skin care, and eye washing.
Natural medical substances used
Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments. Plant-based medicines are derived from roots, leaves, fruits, barks and seeds such as cardamom and cinnamon. William Dymock and co-authors summarized hundreds of plant-derived medicines in 19th century, along with the prevalent myth, stories, uses, microscopic structure, chemical composition, toxicology and commerce in British India. Some animal products may also be used, for example milk, bones, and gallstones. In addition, fats are used both for consumption and for external use. Minerals, including sulphur, arsenic, lead, copper sulfate and gold are also consumed as prescribed.This practice of adding minerals to herbal medicine is known as rasa shastra.
In some cases, alcohol was used as a narcotic for patients undergoing operation. The advent of Islam introduced opium as a narcotic.Both oil and tar were used to stop bleeding.Traumatic bleeding was said to be stopped by four different methods: ligation of the blood vessel; cauterisation by heat; using different herbal or animal preparations locally which could facilitate clotting; and different medical preparations which could constrict the bleeding or oozing vessels. Various oils could be used in a number of ways, including regular consumption as a part of food, anointing, smearing, head massage, prescribed application to affected areas, and oil pulling. Also, liquids may be poured on the patient's forehead, a technique which is called shirodhara.
According to some sources, up to 80 percent of people in India use some form of traditional medicine, a category which includes Ayurveda. There are many Ayurvedic hospitals in India . This is widely used in countries like Nepal and Srilanka.
The doctors in this field is known as 'Vaidya' and most of them have followed this profession traditionally from their family. I am residing in Kerala- south of India, which is one of the major state where these Vaidyas are active. Many people visits Kerala only for getting this treatment from these traditional doctors who are studying human values from their father or grandfather rather than making profits out of the service. Also there are not much competitions among them. Here in India, the most competitions are taking place among the modern hospitals who are running behind the profit without considering human values.
One example, for fever(fever is not a disease though), I prefer to drink boiled water with leaves of holy basil(one of the major herb in the Ayurvedic treatment) rather than modern medicinal tablets like 'paracetamol','Anacin',etc. (Also one doubt, why so many tablets for fever if one is perfect). There are many such practices using herbs in here but I can't list all of them. I will try to include some of them if I get a chance, but not sure whether such plants or herbs are available outside Kerala or India.
I just wanted to introduce the Ayurveda to the community as it is so close to nature and suitable for sustainable living. It include not only the treatment, but also instructions about the prevention methods of diseases and food habits to be followed. Modern medicines is good for many diseases, but rather than emphasizing on the prevention methods, it mainly focus on treatment and the case is different with Ayurveda.
One more additional info about Ayurveda, first plastic surgery in the history of medicine was done by Susrutha, one of the guru(teacher) who wrote the books for Ayurveda.
P:S: I am not an expert in this field, just sharing the a little bit of information I know, which is one of the aim of SE.
Another such example can be urine therapy.