The Rosetta Stone
The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele discovered in 1799 which is inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences among the three versions, so the Rosetta Stone became key to deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, thereby opening a window into ancient Egyptian history.
Dimensions: 1.14 m x 72 cm x 27 cm
Created: 196 BC
Location: The British Museum (since 1802)
Writing: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Greek script