TLR Genes, Native
Toll-Like Receptor wild-type genes of human, mouse, rat, bovine or pig origin
Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the early innate immune response to invading pathogens by sensing microorganisms.
These evolutionarily conserved receptors, homologues of the Drosophila Toll gene, recognize highly conserved structural motifs only expressed by microbial pathogens.
Upon recognition, they induce distinct cellular responses that involve different adaptor proteins which in turn will activate a cascade of signaling genes leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Ten human (TLR1 to TLR10) and twelve murine (TLR1 to TLR13, TLR10 being a pseudogene) toll-like receptors have been characterized.