Factor X deficiency is an inherited rare bleeding disorder. It can occur in both males and females with no known racial or ethnic propensity for inheritance and affects 1 in 1,000,000 people. Severe factor X deficiency may present as neonates with circumcision or umbilical stump bleeding, intracranial or gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Moderate deficiency may present after surgery, trauma, or menses. Mild deficiency may be diagnosed during routine screening or because of a positive family history. Replacement of the missing Factor X is planned to correct the bleeding problem – either acutely or as a regular treatment.