Recreating the methods of working with x-rays has not been an easy ride. Source: press photo
British musician Stephen Coates, photographer Paul Heartfield and musician and vintage recording specialist Aleks Kolkowski have a passion for authentic Soviet sounds.
Later this year, Coates plans to release a book via Strange Attractor Press and an album with a twist: A collection of his own songs, each one printed on an x-ray of a different body part (made the same way as a vinyl record), which will together compose a whole human skeleton.
Traditionally a marauder’s symbol, skull-and-bones images lend themselves to this unique form of music piracy. The idea emerged in the repressive atmosphere of the Soviet Union, where enthusiasts traded banned and rare genres recorded onto x-ray plates. Censorship fostered an unofficial culture, where writers, artists and musicians forged channels to distribute their own and forbidden foreign music, mostly rock and roll and jazz.
While censored literature was easily reproduced by hand – ‘samizdat’ – music posed a greater challenge. The use of roughly cut x-rays – ‘roentgenizdat’ – peaked in the 1940s and '50s, before technological developments in the post-Stalinist period gave rise to new and better mediums. There was another reason too: by 1958, roentgenizdat had been made illegal in Russia, resulting in distribution networks being broken up and offenders imprisoned.
Elvis Presley. Source: press photo
The practice even inspired the producers of Russia's first post-Soviet musical film, Stilyagi - also known as Boogie Bones - directed by Valery Todorovsky in 2008. Set in the 1950s and known to English speaking audiences as Hipsters, the film focuses on the lives of a group of young music fans and the lengths they go to obtain jazz.
It is thought that the roentgenizdat technique emerged in central Europe as early as the 1930s, accelerated by the wartime and post-war environment. Western icons such as Bill Haley, Ella Fitzgerald and Al Bowlly had their music pirated. However, local singer-songwriters also used the practice.
The idea of working with x-rays gripped Kolkowski. He knew of several different recording materials, including, bizarrely, “lacquered cake boxes”. However, recreating the methods has not been an easy ride. New x-ray materials and techniques hindered the archaic process.
“The problem lies with the stock of x-rays I can get hold of now - they’ve changed the composition,” said Kolkowski. “Back then it had a nitrate or acetate base with a coating on it – around 1960 they changed the base...they started using polyester and that’s much, much tougher ... I can’t actually get the same recording quality as I’m mainly using a newer stock of x-rays,” he said.
A key challenge to the project has been the limited supply of suitable material. X-rays trickled in “initially through eBay, through auction sites,” according to Kolkowski. “More recently through contacts in hospitals; I was doing a project in the Netherlands and a university professor there managed to get me a large number.”
Kolkowski and Coates differ on their opinions of the sound quality of the older discs. “I’ve got a bunch of them and the sound quality is pretty bad,” said Coates. “It’s like listening through sand. Somebody described it as...like listening to a tune in one ear, with somebody chewing cornflakes in the other.”
Stephen Coates at London's The Horse Hospital. Source: wikipedia.org/The Clerkenwell Kid
However, Kolkowski thinks they are underestimated. The correct equipment is needed – a 78RPM stylus is better for the older records. “Some of them actually sound amazing,” Kolkowski said of the records collected by Coates. “They rarely survived...the problem was at the time, the steel needles they commonly used for playing them back would quickly wear them out”
The records were cut by hand – and not very neatly. Stories suggest that the holes in the middle were made with lit cigarette. “It’s a cool image isn’t it? Cut a record, have a cigarette, cause it’s a complicated process and than just 'tsss' seal it with a fag,” he said.
Coates has spent the past eight years in and out of Russia, where he met a collector named Rudolf Fuchs, who spent time in prison in Soviet times for his role in the records’ creation and distribution. It was Fuchs who aided Russian popular singer Arkady Severny in the late 1960s, recording an album after the ban, which no doubt bolstered Severny’s carefully constructed ‘prison singer’ image. Myth and reality soon converged.
“What I found moving is that Rudi went to prison...or Boris Taigin [one of the first samizdat poets] went to prison...and came out of prison and immediately started doing it again,” Coates said. “If I had spent two or three years in a prison camp near St. Petersburg - doubtlessly in freezing cold conditions - the last thing I’d do when I came out is immediately start doing what I went in for.” But Russian singers were doing that again and again. Neither technical troubles, nor Soviet bans could stop them. Today two British musicians pay homage to their strength and courage through this project.
The exhibition will be held in the Horse Hospital from Nov. 28 - Dec. 19, 2015. Read more>>>
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