Freud’s concept of psychoanalysis has helped many understand the importance of speaking to a therapist about his or her problems and concerns. Rogers’s person-centered theory has allowed therapists and counselors to understand individuals are unique and an individual’s development goes beyond early childhood. Psychology calls Freud one of the most famous and influential figures of controversial thinkers of the twentieth century (Grünbaum, 2007). Sigmund Freud’s work was influential to more people than he realized it would be. For more than 100 years, his work has been researched, reviewed, tested, and proven.
How is Borderline Personality Disorder identified and diagnosed? Individuals need to be analysed with regards to long-term patterns of functioning over time and during different situations. Personality characteristics need to be separated from symptoms that may have appeared after traumatic experiences, certain stressors and/or short term mental states (Tutorial 101, 2011). To limit the evaluation to only one interview can cause complications. When making a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder you need to take both sets of criteria (i.e.
In Erikson’s view he sees these conflicts centered around developing a psychological quality or failing to develop that quality. Erikson’s theory is stage theory based on the assumption that development is universal and although there may be individual differences in terms of when and how it is experienced everyone in the end should develop and go through the same stages. In our world today, Erikson’s theory is often questioned due to the growing cross-cultural evidence that people in different cultures develop and go through different experiences and stages in life. Erikson’s fifth stage of his theory is the most controversial and fought over stage. This stage in Identity vs. Confusion and concerns adolescence children and the way they explore their independence and develop a sense of self.
Erikson's theory of the 'Eight Stages of Development' describes a lifelong process through which human personality evolves as the individual responds to their environment, psychological experiences, biological influences and social interactions. These factors contribute to the core idea of Erikson's theory that each stage, beginning at birth and ending at death, offers a psychosocial conflict that must be overcome by the corresponding virtue in order to progress to the next stage of development. Any one of these stages can be applied to an individual, depending on their age and circumstance, who is hospitalised in order to offer nurses an approach to nurturing the development of their clients (AllPsych Online, 2011). Stage I is the year from birth to 1 year old, the conflict at this stage of Erikson's theory is 'Trust vs. Mistrust'. The infant, dependent almost solely upon others, learns to develop trust when the central caregiver, often
These feelings may come from an experience in his or hers childhood, adolescent, or in adulthood. Psychodynamic therapy uses the assumption that everyone has a subconscious, and feelings held in the subconscious are often too painful to face. Humanistic-existential is the approach, which tries to do justice to the whole person including mind, body and spirit; to enable the patient to find constructive ways of coming to terms with every day challenges. Behavior therapy focuses on the present. This type of therapy helps patients overcome phobias and self-destructive behavior.
Psychodynamic is the next theory that fits as well. This is associated more with childhood experiences and the unconscious mind of the individual. According to Grove (1994), “But are persons really responsible for their actions in the sense that they (1) assess the possible alternative courses of action available to them, (2) choose a particular course, and (3) construct a complex set of acts to achieve intended results” (p. 74). Our laws, our religions, and our emotional responses are established on the principles that these are factual intentions. When the events of others have an effect on our lives, and we recognize their reactions to be determined entirely by power beyond their limitations, there is then no cause for feelings of either anger or gratitude (Grove,
Centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development, Erikson’s theory is influenced by Freud (Cherry, 2014a). One of the best known theories of personality in psychology is Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development (Cherry, 2014a). Believing personality develops in a series of stages, his theory describes the impact of social experiences across the entire lifespan (Cherry, 2014a). He emphasized that the role culture and society plays can result in conflicts that take place within the ego itself (McLeod, 2008). Erikson indicated every individual passes through eight developmental stages with each stage having a different psychological crisis, which must be resolved by the individual and each stage builds upon the successful completion of prior stages (“Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development,” 2014).
Berger describes how people will go through a serious of "axioms to explain the connection between his central concept of uncertainty and eight key variables of relationship development," (Griffin, 126). An axiom is defined as being "traditionally regarded as self-evident truths that require no additional proof," or, in other words, solid facts gained by communication that assist in figuring out who that person is and what they're all about (Griffin, 126). Through these "axioms" Berger believes people learn enough about that person in order to make an informed enough decision upon whether or not they'd like a continuous relationship with that person. There are 8 axioms: "verbal communication," "nonverbal warmth," "information seeking," "self-disclosure," "reciprocity," "similarity," "liking," and "shared networks," (Griffin, 127-128). Verbal communication is the idea that, as the amount of verbal interaction between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty will, in turn, decrease, which then results in a further increase of verbal interaction (Griffin, 126).
Psychology Theories Essay The psychoanalytical theory is the focus on the different stages of development of our personalities. Erickson’s epigenetic principle says we develop through an eight stage process which is built into our genetic makeup. These stages have developmental tasks that are psychosocial in nature and are referred to in two ways, for example a toddler’s tasks are called autonomy-shame and doubt. A toddler must learn there is a balance between the two that must be achieved and an appropriate time for either action. Erickson believed that if we interfered with the natural order of development we could ruin the whole child’s development.
Psychosocial Stage of Development Paper BSHS/342 - HUMAN LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT Erikson found changes in the eight stages of life: Autonomy versus Shame, Trust versus Mistrust, and Doubt, Industry versus Inferiority, Initiative versus Guilt, Intimacy versus Isolation, Identity versus Identity Confusion, Integrity versus Despair, and Generatively versus Stagnation. Each stage has its own distinct goals, dangers, concerns, and accomplishments. Each stage has a unhealthy side to it: Achievements that has happened in later stages can often play a part on how they will resolve their problems in their younger years. A positive outcome for each dilemma does not always have to have a positive outcome. Erikson proposed at each stage individual’s face developmental conflicts between a positive and possibly unhealthy substitute.