Classification / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Salmoniformes
(Salmons) > Salmonidae
(Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Salmo: Latin, salmo, Plinius = salmon (Ref. 45335).
This species is synonym of Salmo marmoratus Cuvier, 1829 in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Jan. 2012: Ref. 89336).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Freshwater; benthopelagic. Subtropical
Europe: Po to Soca drainages (where it is possibly introduced) and northern slope of Apennine range (Italy, Switzerland, Slovenia). The western and eastern distributional limits are not clear.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043); common length : 40.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043); max. reported age: 8 years (Ref. 59043)
Morphology | Morphometrics
Distinguished from congeners in Apennine Peninsula by the combination of the following characters: parr marks absent in adults and subadults (over about 10 cm SL); parr marks vertically elongated; caudal fin slightly emarginate; body pattern not marbled; red spots not restricted to lateral line; black or dark brown spots present. This diagnosis is tentative as genetic data indicate that Salmo cenerinus represents a lineage very different from those of Atlantic and Black Sea basins, but there is no published morphological comparison. Salmo trutta has probably hybridized with most native populations (Ref. 59043).
Inhabits streams in hilly areas, with clear, flowing and well oxygenated water (as a result of continuous stocking, often present in unsuitable habitats). Also occurs in alpine and subalpine lakes. Feeds on aquatic insects and invertebrates. Large individuals also prey on fishes. Moves to smaller tributaries to spawn on gravel. Attains a maximum size of up to about 80 cm SL and lives up to at least 8 years. Introduced and has hybridized with Salmo marmoratus (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 119314)
CITES (Ref. 115941)
Threat to humans
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00473 - 0.02214), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 3.7 ±0.5 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2-3).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100) .