Alexander I's rule
1801 - 1825
Russia expands its borders
1801 - 1914
Modern Italy did not exist.
The Decembrist uprising fails.
Giuseppe Mazzini founds young Italy.
German states create Zollverein, or economic union.
Hungarian nationalists declare Hungary an independent republic.
Nationalists lead a republican revolution in Italy.
Victor Emmanuel II becomes king of Sardinia.
Count Camillo di Cavour dominated Sardinia’s control of ministers.
Count Camillo di Cavour met secretly with Napoleon III in France.
Austria was defeated by France and Sardinia.
Austria was forced to give up Lombardy.
Vitor Emmanuel II accepted territories into the kingdom.
Alexander II decrees the emancipation of the serfs.
William I becomes king of Prussia.
Otto von Bismarck defied the finance committee of the Prussian assembly.
King Christian IX declared Schleswig a Danish province.
Prussia and Austria forced Denmark out of the distributed provinces
Prussia and Austria fight the seven weeks war.
Revolutionaries made several attempts to assassinate Alexander II.
Austria and Hungary form a dual monarchy.
The North German Confederation.
Populist movement reaches out to peasants.
Reformers became active in a new movement known as populism.
War broke out between France and Prussia.
William I becomes emperor of a united Germany.
Otto von Bismarck expels Jesuits from Germany.
Nationalists in the Balkan states revolt against Turkey.
The social democratic party merges with Ferdinand Lassalle’s party.
More seats were added to the center party.
Russia goes to war on behalf of the Slavic people in the Balkan Peninsula.
Bulgaria is divided into three parts.
Congress of Berlin settles Russo-Turkish war.
The Treaty of San Stefano ends war.
German government provides health insurance to workers.
William II becomes emperor of Germany.
The Kaiser accepts Otto von Bismarck’s resignation.
Russia and Japan go to war.
Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto.
The Balkan League declares war on Turkey.
Bulgarians attack Greek and Serbs forces.
The Treaty of Bucharest.
Treaty of Bucharest ends Balkan conflict.