The Chicago writing style was created for reference citations for your research papers. The Chicago Manual of Style, using the NB system, divides citations into notes and bibliography entries. Notes are either footnotes or endnotes; the only difference between the two is their placement in your research work.
Footnotes on the Page
A footnote is placed on each page where you include a cited reference: Coleridge's Ancient Mariner was believed to seek self-identity, a view with which some critics disagree. (1) The number in parentheses is your citation, written as "1." in the footnote.
Endnotes Before Bibliography
An endnote is the same as the footnote; the major difference is that the endnote occurs at your paper's end, before the Bibliography and in addition to the footnote. In other words, if your professor asks for footnotes, they occur once in the paper; if for endnotes, they occur twice.
Footnote and Endnote Format
The format of footnotes and endnotes is the same: a. They are numbered, beginning with "1." b. the first line is indented five spaces; subsequent lines are flush left. c. they contain author's name, "Title Quoted," Publication Company in italics, last edited date and URL if it's a Web source.
An example of a footnote/endnote is: (hanging indent) 1. John Spencer Hill, "A Coleridge Companion," University of Georgia (italics), May 14, 1996, http://www.english.uga.edu/~nhilton/232/stc/comp4e.htm
- A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses and Dissertations; Kate L. Turabian.
- OWL Purdue Writing Lab: Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition
- OWL Purdue Writing Lab: General Format
- Chapman University: Chicago Style Footnotes and Endnotes
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