In some cases, the inner walls of the intestine (this may be another part of the digestive system) form a kind of "bags" or diverticula.There are many causes of such defects.However, there is always the risk of inflammation and suppuration - this is diverticulitis.Symptoms may vary, but most people complain of pain and digestive disorders.In any case, the disease needs to be treated as likely to develop an abscess, and perforation of the intestinal wall.
diverticulitis, diverticulosis - what's the difference?
Each of these diseases is associated with changes in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.For whatever reason, appear on the inner surface of the special anatomical structure, which in modern medicine are called diverticula.They represent protrusion walls which form its resemble small bags.It should be noted that diverticula may be single or multiple.The formation of protrusions and called diverticulosis.Quite often, in the absence of treatment or when exposed to certain factors wall can
What diverticula and why they occur?
According to statistics, most often inflamed diverticula are diagnosed in people living in developed countries.And in the first place is the United States, Japan and Western Europe.That is why the appearance of protrusions of the intestinal wall is most often associated with the peculiarities of power, in particular the introduction in the diet of a large number of specially refined and processed foods.
In addition, risk factors include muscle weakness, which often is a congenital defect.There is a theory that explains the bulging of the wall in violation of the vascular circulation.In some cases, diverticulosis associated with strong mechanical pressure on the intestinal wall, which is observed, for example, chronic constipation.
Risk factors include the age and the aging process.According to statistics, the average age group of diverticulosis diagnosed in 7% of cases, but among people 70 years of age the number of patients increased to 60-75%.
Where diverticula form?
Immediately is to say that there are so many varieties of diverticula.For example, they can be congenital (formed during fetal development) or acquired.There are so-called true diverticula (protrusion of the mucosa, submucosa and muscle tissue), as well as false, which are formed exclusively mucosa.
Quite often the disease affects the intestines, so often in patients diagnosed diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon (the treatment depends on the location of the protrusions).On the other hand, the bulging wall can arise in virtually any part of the digestive tract.For example, patients often suffer from diverticula in the pharynx, esophagus and stomach.Flexing of the diaphragm in the field can lead to spasm of the heart muscle.In addition, the disease is capable of hitting all of the small and large intestines.
main causes of diverticulitis
In fact, inflammation of the walls of diverticula can occur for various reasons.For example, quite often around the "bags" accumulate particles of half-digested food or stool (depending on the location of the diverticulum).Such an accumulation of organic matter is an excellent substrate for the propagation and activity of pathogenic bacteria - so there is an inflammatory process, which, by the way, in 75% of cases remain localized.Of course, matters and the immune system.Inflammation can develop on the background of an injury or damage of a diverticulum.
Of course, such problems should consult a doctor.And how to recognize diverticulitis?The symptoms are quite characteristic.Virtually every patient with a similar diagnosis complains of abdominal pain, which may be of a different character (sharp, aching), be constant or occur intermittently.If a person has diverticular disease of the large intestine, it is quite likely that the pain will appear in the left lower abdomen.
Along with this, there are digestive disorders.Signs of illness include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite up to anorexia.Often the disease is accompanied by constipation or diarrhea.Sometimes there is an increase in body temperature.
methods for diagnosing disease
If the patient has previously been diagnosed with diverticulosis, the inflammation can be diagnosed on clinical grounds.Otherwise need some analysis and research.The patient was a man often prescribe a colonoscopy, and CT with contrast administration.
decision to accurate diagnosis are also used ultrasonic methods, particularly ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis, as well as ultrasonography.In rare cases, laparoscopy is performed.
Conservative treatment of diverticulitis
In the initial stages of the disease, unless there are some serious complications, helping patients conservative therapy.Some patients can be hospitalized (if a high probability of an abscess or perforation of the wall), while others are able to take medications at home.In any case, patients should comply with bed rest and antibiotics.Antibiotic therapy lasts at least a week.In addition, the human patient intravenously infused water and saline solution.
That's treat diverticulitis.Diet, by the way, also important for the therapy.In the first few days is recommended for patients fasting.In the future, the expert makes a special gentle power scheme.
Surgical treatment of diseases
In some cases, no surgical intervention is not enough - sometimes it's the only way to forget about the illness such as diverticulitis.Treatment in this case is reduced to resection (excision) of affected areas of the intestine with the subsequent reconstruction and restoration of patency.
Similar methods are used for perforation and intestinal inflammation of the abdominal wall, as these diseases are life threatening to the patient.Naturally, along with surgery and antibiotic therapy is needed.
How dangerous diverticulitis?
This disease is very dangerous, and in the absence of adequate medical care can lead to a lot of complications.For example, quite often provokes acute diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction.Furthermore, the inflammation may be formed abscesses are capable occur as near to the diverticulum, and in another intestine or even in an adjacent organ.
Another risk is associated with the disease - is damage or perforation of the intestinal wall.Often a discontinuity leads to the release of the contents of the bowel (including feces) and its output to the abdominal cavity.In turn, this phenomenon is fraught with peritonitis, and a defeat of neighboring organs.For example, often involves the perforation with peritonitis and other no less dangerous diseases.