The Basilicas of F. W. Petre
Thesis DisciplineArt History
Degree GrantorUniversity of Canterbury
Degree NameMaster of Arts
Francis William Petre is a major New Zealand architect whose work has never before been subject to a detailed study. For this reason a large part of this thesis has been devoted to the provision of an accurate account of his early life while the remainder deals with only one aspect of his architectural work, that of his basilican churches. These churches are particularly important because their design, construction and style are Petre's response to the unique problems faced by New Zealand colonial architects. The main sources for this study were the buildings themselves and, where they exist, the architect's plans and specifications. Further important information was gathered from Petre's correspondence with his clients, and his contributions to the Tablet. Assistance in compiling the architect's biography was given by the Petre family. The first chapter consists of an account of Petre's early life and education and a general outline of his architectural career. It is followed by a chapter concerned with Roman Catholic architecture in the nineteenth century to establish the international context of Petre's work. The remaining three chapters deal with Petre's basilican designs in New Zealand. The style and planning of these buildings are discussed with regard to their suitability for particular congregations and Catholic liturgical practices. Petre emerges as a most accomplished architect whose use of concrete and prefabricated components was most advanced. In particular his early realisation that concrete was the most suitable permanent material for New Zealand architecture is remarkable. His use of this material in such a refined and original building as the Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament marks him as one of New Zealand's greatest Victorian architects.