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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) gateway is a device that converts analog telephony signals to digital. After converting the signal, the VoIP gateway organizes it into data packets and encrypts it for transmission. VoIP vendors use VoIP gateways for switched and network interfacing.
VoIP gateways include the following features:
VoIP endpoints must share a communication protocol and at least one audio codec, such as Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), which is standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Skype and Google Talk are VoIP applications applying proprietary protocols and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). VoIP applications also may offer Asterisk’s open-source Inter-Asterisk Exchange Protocol (IAX).