have most efficient respiratory system.
6 classes of fish
Shark, acondoth, agnatha, placoderm, chondrictheyes, lamprey
150 MYA Jurasic of Mesozoic
When birds first evolved.
are carnivores/predators in the food chain.
3 orders of organisms in class Chondrichthyes
sharks, skates & rays, ratfish
had scales, teeth, claws, tails, reptile bone structure.
oldest confirmed bird that we have found to date.
370 MYA (Devonian of the Paleozoic)
when amphibians first evolved.
when reptiles first evolved.
430 MYA in Silurian of Paleozoic
when all fish classes first evolved.
Cerebellum (of birds)
is greatly enlarged becaused of the increased need for coordination due to flight.
Saurichian Therapod Dinosaurs
what birds evolved from.
lays eggs in water, have gills, slimy
evolved from amphibians (Labryinthodont)
internal fertilization, eggs, lungs, scales. Reptiles would most likely survive in the desert.
2 members of Class Agnatha
lamprey and hagfish; parasitic fish and jawless
evolved from amphibians
Organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.
New Zealand and Madagascar
Moa and Elephant Birds lived here.
is the class of chordate with the largest cerebrum.
mammals that lay eggs. They also have mammary glands, imperfect temperature regulation and a cloaca.
evoloved from land dwelling carnivores.
Scales and insulation
what feathers evolve from and what they're used for.
how bats navigate and locate prey.
reptile that mammals evolved from.
Characteristics of mammals
endothermic, produce milk, big brain, 4 chambered heart.
Heart rate of birds
some birds can have a heart rate of up to 1,000 beats per minute (BPM).
kangaroos, koalas, tasmanian tiger, wombat, opossum, wallaby
225 MYA (Triassic of Mesozoic)
when mammals first evolved.
how many functional ovaries birds have.
only TRUE flying mammal.
process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.
have lower jaw composed from just one bone.
structure through which feces, urine and gametes pass.
4 types of mammal teeth
incisors, canines, pre-molars, molars
Captain James Cook
English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779). He also claimed he heard rumors of giant flightless birds on the islands of New Zealand.
dinosaurs became extinct.
Sirenia that lives in the coastal waterways of Florida and feed upon aquatic plants such as hyacinths.
Characteristics of birds
thin hollow bones, high metabolism, 4 chambered heart.
2 of 3 bones in the middle ear of mammals was once part of the jaw of a reptile.
digestive organ in burds that crushes and kneads food.
3 subclasses of Class Mammal
Monotreme, Marsupials, Placentals
American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of Moby-Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels
mammals who give birth to tiny, immature young and then develop in the pouch of their mommy.
animals that have odd number of toes on their feet such as zebras, rhinos and tapirs.
where we find most of the Marsupials.
shrews and moles
part of the day when the first mammals were probably active.
bobcats, black bear, coyotes: these can be found in Ohio.
Change in climate; Humans (Native Americans)
2 major causes of the extinction of many ice age mammals in the Americas 10,000 years ago.
50,000 years ago
humans reached Australia
loved natural history so much he was accused of turning the White House into a museum.
Elephant tusks are what anatomical part?
start of the Pleistocene
State of Ohio:
state mammal: white-tail deer; bird-cardinal; snake-black racer; insect-ladybug; tree-Buckeye; flower-carnation; fossil-trilobite; rock-flint.
beginning of Paleozoic
North America, Europe, Asia
3 current continents that were once part of Laurasia.
largest order of mammals. Examples are: rats, mice, squirrels, porcupines, ground hogs, guinea pigs, capybaras.
where horses, camels and tapirs first evolved.
1,200 years ago
humans reached New Zealand
Indian/Asian Elephants, mammoths, mastodons
Alimentary Canal Organs
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
started the National Park System
15,000 years ago
humans reach North America
Formation of Central America
major factor in starting the Pleistocene (Ice Age) about 2 million years ago.
Mammals found in Grandview
deer, beavers, raccoons, opossums, fox, coyotes
hominids first evolved
Solar System formation
are 2 non-native rodents in Ohio.
2,000 years ago
humans reached Madagascar
end of Mesozoic and the dinosaurs
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