The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, or BLS, categorizes DNA analysts as forensic science technicians. The job of the forensic science technician or DNA analyst is to analyze the evidence from crime scenes for the purpose of connecting it to a suspect. This evidence may include blood, bodily fluids, or hair follicles. DNA analysts who work in crime labs typically have a bachelor's degree in molecular biology, forensic science, or genetics with accompanying coursework in biochemistry, microbiology, or other related studies. These studies also generally include mandatory laboratory hours, which help students to familiarize themselves with both the equipment and procedures of a laboratory.
The work of DNA analysts varies from day-to-day, but a routine day typically involves spending an amount of time working in the laboratory processing DNA samples taken from crime scenes. After these samples are cataloged and processed, the DNA analyst then works to develop DNA profiles from the samples. Since DNA evidence may be used to convict or clear a suspect of a crime, great steps are taken to preserve the chain of custody or chain of evidence. Once the analysis of the DNA samples are complete, the DNA analyst creates a series of reports that not only indicate the findings, but also explain how each test was performed.
Other Job Duties
While the primary duty of a DNA analyst is to process DNA samples, they are also responsible for performing routine maintenance checks of lab equipment, as well as quality control checks. It is not uncommon for DNA analysts to review the findings of their peers, and in some cases, they re-test samples, with the new findings checked against the original lab reports.
Role at Crime Scenes
Although it may be common for DNA analysts to work fresh crime scenes on popular television shows, such as “CSI: Crime Scene Investigation” and “Criminal Minds,” in reality it is generally law enforcement agencies that initially collect the DNA samples. If a DNA analyst is called to a crime scene, it is usually to assist with the reconstruction of events. They may work to help law enforcement officer to establish bullet trajectories or interpret the spattering of bloodstains. In most cases, the DNA analyst is there to give a scientific opinion, rather than to solve the crime as a police detective would.
Since DNA analysts are responsible for testing DNA samples from crime scenes, it is not uncommon for them to appear in court to testify as expert witnesses during a criminal trial. During the trial, they may testify about their findings, interpret the results for a jury, or be asked to explain how the equipment used in the laboratory works.
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