Babesiosis - an acute infectious disease characterized by the body's intoxication, development of anemia, fever and severe progressive course. Babesiosis occurs with the appearance of jaundice, fever, hemoglobinuria and anemia.
It spreads the disease on all continents except Antarctica. Most often, the disease is found in Europe (Yugoslavia, Germany, Scandinavia, Poland, France) and on the east coast of America. Most dogs are prone to disease, sheep and cattle, field mice and other rodents, cats. Each year in Europe recorded several tens of thousands of animal diseases. The carrier of babesiosis is a widespread pasture tick Ixodes ricinus and argasid.
Babesiosis occurs in humans - was first diagnosed in 1957 in Yugoslavia. Ill usually shepherds, agricultural workers, tourists in spring and autumn.
What triggers a human babesiosis?
The causative agent of babesiosis belong to the class of the simplest. In humans, the disease causes three kinds Babesia: America - Babesia micron, in Europe - Babesia divergens, rodhaini. Today in the world literature has been described only about 100 cases of babesiosis in humans, most of which were fatal.
Disease are more prone to people with severe disorders of the immune system, in particular HIV-infected people after splenectomy. In people with normally functioning immune system babesiosis asymptomatic.
Symptoms of babesiosis
Upon infection by ticks incubation period is 10-15 days, and during babesiosis infection through blood - 6-12 days. In patients with a sharp rise in temperature to 40-41 degrees, breathing quickens, disrupted heart. The general condition of depression, possibly diarrhea alternating with constipation, there is a sharp reduction in weight.
Milk yield in cattle is reduced by several times. At the same time milk is becoming yellow, sometimes reddish, and the taste - with a bitter taste. On the second or third day of the disease appears urine with blood. Patients flock often occurs abortion. The duration of the acute period of the disease is 4-8 days. Mortality in babesiosis in cattle is about 40%, while small - 80%.
In humans, babesiosis mostly develops on the background of reduced immunity (AIDS patients, the elderly, and in recent times have suffered serious illness and operations). The first cases of babesiosis in humans were recorded in the second half of the last century. As a rule, babesiosis complicated by acute renal failure, acute renal and multiple organ liver failure. Significantly worsens the prognosis of nonspecific pneumonia. At the moment, actively work to improve the level of diagnosis of babesiosis in humans in many countries.
Treatment of babesiosis
A good therapeutic effect in babesiosis have Beren akaprin, gemosporidin, naganin, tiargen, albargin etc. Sick animals must provide complete tranquility, provide succulent and green fodder.
In severe forms of babesiosis in humans, a combination of quinine and clindamycin, atovaquone and azithromycin either. In very severe cases may require a blood transfusion.
In the absence of adequate treatment in about 50-80% of possible death. If timely medical care provided forecast babesiosis mostly favorable.