Scale refers to the size of an object in relation to another object.
The relative size of artworks are almost always compared to the size of the human body. You will hear words like life-like or life-sized, miniature, gigantic or enormous. All these qualifiers of size use the human body as reference.
Proportion, on the other hand, refers to the relative sizes of the different parts of a whole. The human body is the best example of this design principle. The human body, according to Leonardo da Vinci, shows the divine proportion or the golden ratio of 1.618. Studies show that many of our bones have the proportional relationship of 1: 1.618.
To appreciate the differences better, the diagram below might help you visualize it.
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