habitats, even when plants are almost absent . As an obligate
initial community species, rough pigweed needs bare, disturbed sites in
order to establish [26,38]. A fire which clears away competing
vegetation can allow the establishment of rough pigweed.
Rough pigweed seeds are very small , and easily blown by the wind
from off-site sources. Some seeds survive cattle digestion , and can
be carried by animals to burned areas.
- 4. Blackshaw, Robert E.; Rode, Lyle M. 1991. Effect of ensiling and rumen digestion by cattle on weed seed viability. Weed Science. 39(1): 104-108. 
- 14. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. 1392 p. 
- 16. Gross, Katherine L.; Werner, Patricia A. 1982. Colonizing abilities of "biennial" plant species in relation to ground cover: implications for their distributions in a successional sere. Ecology. 63(4): 921-931. 
- 26. McConnaughay, K. D. M.; Bazzaz, F. A. 1987. The relationship between gap size and performance of several colonizing annuals. Ecology. 68(2): 411-416. 
- 38. Tilman, David. 1986. Nitrogen-limited growth in plants from different successional stages. Ecology. 67(2): 555-563. 
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