Figure 8-15.-Cross section of vitrified clay or concrete pipe
COMBINATION Y and 1/8 BEND) is easy to
recognize since there is a 450 takeoff bending
into a 90° takeoff on both sides of the fitting. It
is especially useful as an individual vent. The BOX
type 90° Y-branch has two takeoffs. It is
designed so that each takeoff forms a 90° angle
with the main pipe. The two takeoffs are spaced
900 from each other.
The two types of 45° Y-branches (fig. 8-14, view
D) are the reducing and straight types. They are
used to join two sanitary sewer branches at a 45°
angle. The REDUCING type is a straight section
of pipe with a 45° takeoff of a smaller size
branching off one side. The STRAIGHT type of
45° Y-branch, or true Y, is the same as the reduc-
ing type except that both bells are the same size.
Figure 8-15 shows some common fittings used
with vitrified clay and concrete pipes. It should
be noted that these types of pipes are used
outside the building, which greatly reduces the
number of different types of fittings. Joints on
vitrified clay and concrete pipe are made of
cement or bituminous compounds. Cement joints
might be made of grouta mixture of cement,
sand, and water.
Plastic pipe fittings for waste drainage are
shown in figure 8-16.
Figure 8-16.-Typical plastic pipe fittings.