Table of Contents
- 1 Which of the following cell types are least sensitive to ionizing radiation damage?
- 2 What agent blocks enzymes resulting in a cholinergic crisis?
- 3 What bacterial diseases produce ulcers on the skin?
- 4 Which is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?
- 5 What causes cholinergic crisis?
- 6 What is myasthenic and cholinergic crisis?
- 7 What is iodine treatment?
- 8 How do nerve agents produce effects in the body?
Which of the following cell types are least sensitive to ionizing radiation damage?
Reproductive and gastrointestinal cells are not regenerating as quickly and are less sensitive. The nerve and muscle cells are the slowest to regenerate and are the least sensitive cells. Cells, like the human body, have a tremendous ability to repair damage. As a result, not all radiation effects are irreversible.
What agent blocks enzymes resulting in a cholinergic crisis?
Organophosphates (OPs) are a major class of insecticides. Their acute toxicity is due to inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse, with an ensuing cholinergic crisis.
Which of the following compounds can be administered to reduce the absorption of radiation that targets the thyroid?
Commonly known as thyroid blocking, taking potassium iodide (KI)1 before or at the beginning of exposure to radioactive iodine blocks the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland, thus reducing exposure of the thyroid to internal radiation.
What bacterial diseases produce ulcers on the skin?
Buruli ulcer is a medical condition caused by the Mycobacterium ulcerans bacteria. An infection with this bacteria can form large ulcers on the arms and legs.
Which is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?
The tissues most affected by radiation are those that undergo rapid replacement, such as bone marrow, the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Slower-growing tissues, such as those of the brain and liver, require either high doses of radiation or prolonged exposure before they show symptoms of degeneration.
What type of cells are most vulnerable to radiation and why?
Cells in late G2 and mitosis (M-phase) are the most sensitive to radiation, and cells in late synthesis (S-phase) are the most resistant (Fig. 23.10).
What causes cholinergic crisis?
Cholinergic crisis can be precipitated by exposure to drugs that inhibit AChE, for example, nerve gas and organophosphate compounds used in pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides. Exposure might be via inhalation of vapors, ingestion, or direct contact of the chemical with the skin or mucous membrane.
What is myasthenic and cholinergic crisis?
Summary. 1. Crisis in myasthenia gravis is of two main types: True myasthenic crisis due to insufficient medication or drug resistance; and cholinergic crisis due to excess of cholinergic drugs.
How does potassium iodide protect against radiation?
KI (potassium iodide) is a salt of stable (not radioactive) iodine that can help block radioactive iodine from being absorbed by the thyroid gland, thus protecting this gland from radiation injury.
What is iodine treatment?
Radioactive iodine (RAI) is treatment for overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) and certain types of thyroid cancer. The term “radioactive” may sound frightening, but it is a safe, generally well-tolerated, and reliable treatment that targets thyroid cells so there is little exposure to the rest of your body’s cells.
How do nerve agents produce effects in the body?
Nerve agents cause their toxic effects by blocking an enzyme that acts as the body’s ‘off switch’ for glands and muscles, causing them to be constantly stimulated. In pure form, all nerve agents are colourless organophosphorus liquids.
What type of biological toxin is predominantly derived?
What type of biological toxin is predominantly derived from the bean of the castor plant? during the exam. What toxin do you suspect and how do you treat it? Botulinum toxin, supportive care and antitoxin.