Albert Schatz, (born Feb. 2, 1920, Norwich, Conn.—died Jan. 17, 2005, Philadelphia, Pa.), American microbiologist who , along with Selman Waksman, discovered streptomycin, the first antibiotic that effectively treated a multitude of deadly diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera, and bubonic plague. As a graduate student at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., Schatz successfully demonstrated in 1943 that streptomycin acted as an active agent in slowing the growth of disease-causing bacteria. Initially, Schatz was denied recognition for his achievement, as well as any royalties from the sale of streptomycin, primarily because he was a graduate student. As a result, he sued Waksman and Rutgers University and eventually won recognition as co-discoverer of streptomycin, and he was awarded a portion of the royalties from its sale. When the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was awarded solely to Waksman, however, Schatz’s appeals were futile. In 1994 he was awarded the Rutgers University Medal, the institution’s highest honour.