Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, plays a vital role in reducing cellular oxidative damage by exerting potential antioxidant activity. However, because of the negative surface charges of oligofucoidan, it shows poor oral intestinal absorption. To overcome this drawback, the oligofucoidan polysaccharides self-assembled with opposite charge based polysaccharides (chitosan) to form the chitosan-fucoidan polysaccharides (C1-F3P) nanoparticles (NPs) of 190–230 nm in size. The oligofucoidan and C1-F3P NPs were studied for their radioprotective property using mice exposed to 5 Gy radiation. The C1-F3P NPs prevents radiation induced lipid peroxidation and restores intestinal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (p < 0.05) status. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed the radioprotective effect of oligofucoidan and C1-F3P NPs by mitigating the loss of crypt and villi in the small intestine. Thus, the present study demonstrated that C1-F3P NPs can be considered as a radioprotective agent that can be used for the prevention and treatment of Gy-radiation-induced intestine injury.
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