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www.achievethecore.org Shifting Gears! A Professional Development Session Designed to Support Turnkey Training on the Shifting Gears Initiatives Educator Evaluation PARCC Common Core Student Achievement Student Achievement
www.achievethecore.org The Power of Expectations Do you believe in me?
www.achievethecore.org What do you believe is possible? Can an elephant paint a self portrait?
Why the Common Core? How these Standards are Different
www.achievethecore.org Why are we doing this? We have had standards. Before Common Core State Standards we had standards, but rarely did we have standards-based instruction. Long lists of broad, vague statements Mysterious assessments Coverage mentality Focused on teacher behaviors – “the inputs” 6
www.achievethecore.org Results Previous state standards did not improve student achievement. Gaps in achievement Gaps in expectations NAEP results ACT 2012 data – College Readiness Benchmark All 4 subject areas: 25% 3 subject areas:15% 2 subject areas:17% 1 subject area:15% None28% College remediation rates 7
www.achievethecore.org What are our expectations? Based on the beliefs that A quality education is a key factor in providing all children with opportunities for their future It is not enough to simply complete school, or receive a credential – students need critical knowledge and skills This is not a 12 th grade or high school issue. It is an education system issue. Quality implementation of the Common Core State Standards is a necessary condition for providing all students with the opportunities to be successful after high school. 8
www.achievethecore.org Principles of the CCSS Fewer - Clearer - Higher Aligned to requirements for college and career readiness Based on evidence Honest about time
www.achievethecore.org Structure of the ELA Standards Four Strands: Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, Language There are Reading and Writing Strands for History/Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects Text complexity standards are listed by grade “bands”: K-1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-8, 9-10, 11-12, CCR – College and Career Ready) Strand Anchor Standard Grade- Specific Standard 10
www.achievethecore.org Identify the Standard RI. 4. 2 StrandGrade Standard Number 11
Claims Driving Design: ELA/Literacy Students are on-track or ready for college and careers Students read and comprehend a range of sufficiently complex texts independently Reading Literature Reading Informational Text Vocabulary Interpretation and Use Students write effectively when using and/or analyzing sources. Written Expression Conventions and Knowledge of Language Students build and present knowledge through research and the integration, comparison, and synthesis of ideas.
www.achievethecore.org The CCSS Requires Three Shifts in ELA/Literacy 1. Building knowledge through content-rich nonfiction 2. Reading, writing, and speaking grounded in evidence from text, both literary and informational 3. Regular practice with complex text and its academic language 13
www.achievethecore.org ELA Shift #1: Content-Rich Nonfiction Balance of literary to informational texts 50/50 in K-5 45/55 in grades 6-8 70/30 in grades 9-12 Beginning in grades 2, students read more complex texts, combining foundational skills with reading comprehension. Reading aloud texts that are well-above grade level are used K-5 and beyond to build vocabulary and background knowledge. 14
www.achievethecore.org ELA Shift #2: Using Text Evidence Most college and workplace writing requires evidence. Ability to cite evidence differentiates strong from weak student performance on NAEP Evidence is a major emphasis of the ELA Standards: Reading Standard 1 Writing Standard 9 Speaking and Listening Standards 2, 3, and 4 15
www.achievethecore.org Non-Examples and Examples 16 In “Casey at the Bat,” Casey strikes out. Describe a time when you failed at something. In “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” Dr. King discusses nonviolent protest. Discuss, in writing, a time when you wanted to fight against something that you felt was unfair. In “The Gettysburg Address” Lincoln says the nation is dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Why is equality an important value to promote? What makes Casey’s experiences at bat humorous? What can you infer from King’s letter about the letter that he received? “The Gettysburg Address” mentions the year 1776. According to Lincoln’s speech, why is this year significant to the events described in the speech? Not Text-DependentText-Dependent
www.achievethecore.org 17 James Watson used time away from his laboratory and a set of models similar to preschool toys to help him solve the puzzle of DNA. In an essay discuss how play and relaxation help promote clear thinking and problem solving. Example?
www.achievethecore.org High school students read an excerpt of James D. Watson’s The Double Helix and respond to the following: What mistakes did Watson make along the way to his discovery? What was his response to this mistake? CCSS Informational Text Assessment Question: 18
www.achievethecore.org ELA Shift #3: Complex Text & Academic Language There is a 4 year gap in the complexity of what students read by the end of high school and college. What students can read, in terms of complexity is the greatest predictor of success in college (ACT study). <50% of graduates can read sufficiently complex texts. Standards focus on building academic vocabulary to improve comprehension. Standards include a staircase of text complexity from elementary through high school. 19
www.achievethecore.org Text Complexity Appendix A Supplement to Appendix A Appendix B 20 CCSS address what and how students read.
www.achievethecore.org Which text is more complex? Lincoln was shaken by the presidency. Back in Springfield, politics had been a sort of exhilarating game; but in the White House, politics was power, and power was responsibility. Never before had Lincoln held executive office. In public life he had always been an insignificant legislator whose votes were cast in concert with others and whose decisions in themselves had neither finality nor importance. As President he might consult with others, but innumerable grave decisions were in the end his own, and with them came a burden of responsibility terrifying in its dimensions. According to those who knew him, Lincoln was a man of many faces. In repose, he often seemed sad and gloomy. But when he began to speak, his expression changed. “The dull, listless features dropped like a mask,” said a Chicago newspaperman. “The eyes began to sparkle, the mouth to smile, the whole countenance was wreathed in animation, so that a stranger would have said, ‘Why, this man, so angular and solemn a moment ago, is really handsome.’” 21 Text 1Text 2
www.achievethecore.org What are the Qualitative Features of Complex Text? Subtle and/or frequent transitions Multiple and/or subtle themes and purposes Density of information Unfamiliar settings, topics or events Lack of repetition, overlap or similarity in words and sentences Complex sentences Uncommon vocabulary Lack of words, sentences or paragraphs that review or pull things together for the student Longer paragraphs Any text structure which is less narrative and/or mixes structures 22
www.achievethecore.org Close Analytic Reading 23 Requires prompting students with text-dependent questions to unpack complex text and gain knowledge. Text dependent questions require text-based answers – evidence. Not teacher summarizing text, but guiding students through the text for information. Virtually every standard is activated during the course of every close analytic reading exemplar through the use of text dependent questions. Supports fluency
www.achievethecore.org Scaffolds for Reading Complex Text Chunking Reading and rereading Read aloud Strategic think aloud Scaffolding questions Heterogeneous small groups Recording Pre-prepping struggling readers to support confidence and participation Annotation strategies Cornell notes Paraphrasing and journaling 24
www.achievethecore.org Shifts Mean a Change in Practice! From… Content knowledge primarily from teacher-led lecture To… Content knowledge comes from a balance of reading, writing lecture, and hands-on experience 25
Introduction to the Math Shifts of the Common Core State Standards
www.achievethecore.org Structure of the Standards Domains are large groups of related standards. Domains change from grade to grade to reflect the changing focus of each grade. Standards from different domains may sometimes be closely related. Clusters are groups of related standards. Each domain has 1 – 4 clusters. Standards from different clusters may sometimes be closely related. Standards define what students should understand and be able to do. Domain Cluster Standard 28
www.achievethecore.org Identify the Standard 5.NBT.4 GradeDomain Standard Number 29 3.OA.C Grade Domain Cluster
www.achievethecore.org College Math Professors Feel HS students Today are Not Prepared for College Math 30
Solve problems involving the major content for their grade level with connections to practices Solve problems involving the additional and supporting content for their grade level with connections to practices Express mathematical reasoning by constructing mathematical arguments and critiques Use the modeling practice to solve real world problems Demonstrate fluency in areas set forth in the Standards for Content in grades 3-6 Claims Driving Design: Mathematics Students are on-track or ready for college and careers
www.achievethecore.org 32 The CCSS Requires Three Shifts in Mathematics 1.Focus strongly where the standards focus. 2.Coherence: Think across grades, and link to major topics. 3.Rigor: In major topics, pursue conceptual understanding, procedural skill and fluency, and application.
www.achievethecore.org K 12 Number and Operations Measurement and Geometry Algebra and Functions Statistics and Probability Traditional U.S. Approach
www.achievethecore.org Shift #1: Focus (within Number and Operations) Operations and Algebraic Thinking Expressions and Equations Algebra Number and Operations— Base Ten The Number System Number and Operations— Fractions K12345678High School
www.achievethecore.org Mathematics topics intended at each grade by at least two- thirds of A+ countries Mathematics topics intended at each grade by at least two- thirds of 21 U.S. states The shape of math in A+ countries 1 Schmidt, Houang, & Cogan, “A Coherent Curriculum: The Case of Mathematics.” (2002). 35
www.achievethecore.org Grade Priorities in Support of Rich Instruction and Expectations of Fluency and Conceptual Understanding K–2 Addition and subtraction, measurement using whole number quantities 3–5 Multiplication and division of whole numbers and fractions 6 Ratios and proportional reasoning; early expressions and equations 7 Ratios and proportional reasoning; arithmetic of rational numbers 8 Linear algebra/linear functions Priorities in Mathematics
www.achievethecore.org 37 Shift #2: Coherence Carefully connect the learning within and across grades so that students can build new understanding on foundations built in previous years. Each standard is not a new event, but an extension of previous learning. “The Standards are not so much built from topics as they are woven out of progressions.” Structure is the Standards, Publishers’ Criteria for Mathematics, Appendix
www.achievethecore.org 38 Coherence: Link to Major Topics Within Grades Example: Data Representation Standard 3.MD.3
www.achievethecore.org Coherence Within A Grade Make a line plot to display a data set of measurements in fractions of a unit ( ½, ¼, 1/8). Solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions by using information presented in line plots. For example, from a line plot find and interpret the difference in length between the longest and shortest specimens in an insect collection. 4.MD.4 39
www.achievethecore.org One of several staircases to algebra designed in the OA domain. Coherence: Link to Major Topics Across Grades 40
www.achievethecore.org Shift #3: Rigor 41 The CCSS require a balance of: Solid conceptual understanding Procedural skill and fluency Application of skills in problem solving situations Pursuit of all three requires equal intensity in time, activities, and resources.
www.achievethecore.org Solid Conceptual Understanding Teach more than “how to get the answer” and instead support students’ ability to access concepts from a number of perspectives Students are able to see math as more than a set of mnemonics or discrete procedures Conceptual understanding supports the other aspects of rigor (fluency and application) 42
www.achievethecore.org Unit Assessment Grade 3 sample formative assessment items
www.achievethecore.org Fluency The standards require speed and accuracy in calculation. Teachers structure class time and/or homework time for students to practice core functions such as single- digit multiplication so that they are more able to understand and manipulate more complex concepts 46
www.achievethecore.org Required Fluencies in K-6 GradeStandardRequired Fluency K K.OA.5 Add/subtract within 5 1 1.OA.6 Add/subtract within 10 2 2.OA.2 2.NBT.5 Add/subtract within 20 (know single-digit sums from memory) Add/subtract within 100 3 3.OA.7 3.NBT.2 Multiply/divide within 100 (know single-digit products from memory) Add/subtract within 1000 4 4.NBT.4 Add/subtract within 1,000,000 5 5.NBT.5 Multi-digit multiplication 66.NS.2,3 Multi-digit division Multi-digit decimal operations
www.achievethecore.org Application Students can use appropriate concepts and procedures for application even when not prompted to do so. Teachers provide opportunities at all grade levels for students to apply math concepts in “real world” situations, recognizing this means different things in K-5, 6-8, and HS. Teachers in content areas outside of math, particularly science, ensure that students are using grade-level- appropriate math to make meaning of and access science content. 48
www.achievethecore.org Content Emphases by Cluster: Grade Four Key: Major Clusters; Supporting Clusters; Additional Clusters 49
www.achievethecore.org Standards for Mathematical Practices 1.Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 2.Reason abstractly and quantitatively. 3.Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others. 4.Model with mathematics. 5.Use appropriate tools strategically. 6.Attend to precision. 7.Look for and make use of structure. 8.Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
Power of the Shifts Know them – both the what and the why Apply them to your decisions about Time Energy Resources Assessments Conversations with parents, students, colleagues Continue to engage with them: www.achievethecore.org Follow @achievethecore on Twitter 64
www.achievethecore.org Obstacles and Opportunities Culture Capacity Coherence Courage
www.achievethecore.org Shouldn't all kids have this experience?
www.achievethecore.org CCSS Resources: CCSSO’s PDF provides resources for: About the CCSS Communications about CCSS Instructional and Planning Materials and Supports ELA, math, CTE, ELL and Special Ed. Resources Career and College Readiness Assessment Information http://www.ccsso.org/Documents/2012/Common_Core_Resources.pdf 67
www.achievethecore.org CCSS Resources For more information about the Common Core State Standards, access the following links: http://www.corestandards.org/ http://www.state.nj.us/education/ 68
www.achievethecore.org Reflections and Questions Discuss an “aha” moment with a partner. How will you use what you learned to enhance instruction and assessment? What are you wondering?
www.achievethecore.org Appendix: Resources to Complement the Common Core Presentation ELA: Text-Dependent Questions HS and MS: Achieve the Core; Elementary: OAASFEPAchieve the CoreOAASFEP ELA: Complex Texts for ALL Grade Levels Common Core Appendix B The Text Project Mathematical Coherence Council of Chief State School Officers (all grade levels) Council of Chief State School Officers Ohio Resource Center (middle school) Ohio Resource Center Achieve the Core (K-8) Achieve the Core Mathematical Conceptual Understanding Michigan State University Mathematical Application Lake Shore Central School District (Grades 1-5) Lake Shore Central School District Learn Zillion (K-12) Learn Zillion 70