D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E1Student name: Date:Describe types and purposes of insurance.Objectives:A. Describe the factors in buying automobile insurance.B. Describe the factors in buying health insurance.C. Describe the factors in buying life insurance.MODULE 10E: INFORMATION SHEETTO THE STUDENT: Read and study this information sheet and complete the studentactivities at the end.Why purchase insurance?There are at least two reasons why insurance is purchased. The first, and perhapsmost important, is for protection against loss from some catastrophic event. A caraccident, an illness or injury, or death can lead to serious financial consequences.Insurance helps to provide protection against these financial losses. Anotherreason for purchasing insurance is that some insurance is required by law. InPennsylvania, car owners are required to purchase automobile insurance. Youmust provide your insurance information when registering a car. No insurance,no registration. It’s as simple as that.Purchasing insurance is no simple matter. Insurance is a contract between aninsurance company and you under which you agree to pay for the insurance(called insurance premiums), and the insurance company agrees to pay forlosses under certain carefully defined circumstances. There are many factors thatinfluence the price that you pay for insurance. In this module we will discussthese factors to help you get the best protection for your insurance dollars.Factors to consider when purchasing required automobile insuranceA very important factor to consider when purchasing automobile insurance is howmuch insurance coverage you need. Many students choose the minimum amountrequired under Pennsylvania law. The problem with this choice is that theminimum limits are rarely enough to cover a significant accident.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E2Look at the legal requirements and you will see the problem:Medical Benefits – The law requires a minimum of 5000 to cover themedical costs of you and anyone else injured in a car accident. Theproblem is that medical costs are so high that you can easily reach thisamount in one day at the hospital.Bodily Injury Liability – The law requires coverage of at least 15,000 forany one person and 30,000 for any one accident. This is the total amountof insurance money available to pay others, if you are found to be at faultin an automobile accident. These limits are very low. It is not unusual for acourt to award damages of 100,000 or more to persons injured in a caraccident. If the damages resulting from an accident you caused aremore than your insurance limits, you have to pay the excess.Property Damage Liability – Pennsylvania law requires that you have atleast 5000 of property damage liability insurance to pay for repairs to anycar that you may run into or any other damage you cause with yourautomobile. You can cause more than 5000 damage to a car – especiallyan expensive one – with nothing more than a minor car accident. If youonly have 5000 worth of insurance coverage, you will have to pay theadditional amount out of your own pocket.How much automobile insurance you buy is one of the most important decisionsyou will ever make. Persons with very low insurance limits who are involved intraffic accidents sometimes end up paying for the costs of those accidents foryears out of their earnings.How can I keep my insurance costs under control?There are some things you can do that will help to keep your insurance costs aslow as possible. Insurance premiums are based upon risk factors – the likelihoodthat you will have an accident. Insurance companies look upon the followingthings when determining the costs of a liability insurance policy:Your grades – Good students pay less for automobile insurance. Ask yourinsurance agent. You may find that being an honor roll student saves youmoney on your car insurance.Your driving record – Careful drivers pay less for insurance. If you havespeeding tickets or accidents, your insurance costs will go up dramatically.Be a careful driver and save on insurance.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E3Your car – The car you drive can also affect your insurance rates.Insurance companies place certain kinds of cars in special risk categories.You should ask your insurance agent before making a car purchase tomake sure you aren’t getting a car that will cost you extra for your liabilityinsurance.Driver training – Completion of an approved driver training course cansometimes save you money on your insurance.What about other car insurance?Another kind of car insurance you may consider purchasing is collisioninsurance. This insurance pays for the cost of repairing or replacing your car ifyou are responsible for a car accident. Many students mistakenly think thatliability insurance will pay for their own cars. It doesn’t if you are the person whocaused the accident. Liability insurance only pays for the damage you cause toother people, not for your own vehicle.If you have a car loan, your bank or finance company will require you to havecollision insurance. You should also consider collision insurance if the value ofyour car is high enough. Anything you own that is worth a lot of money is worthprotecting against loss. Collision insurance protects your investment in yourautomobile.All collision insurance policies have a deductible amount. This is the amountyou pay towards the repair of your automobile. Under Pennsylvania law, thedeductible is 500. This means that you pay the first 500 of any damage to yourcar and the insurance company pays the rest. You can purchase insurance with alower deductible, but this will increase your premium.Another important kind of insurance coverage is comprehensive insurance. Thisinsures you from loss, if your car is damaged by fire, flood, vandalism, or strikingan animal. The likelihood of striking a deer in many areas of Pennsylvania is sohigh that comprehensive insurance is important. You should know that hitting adeer is not covered under collision insurance, so to protect your car,comprehensive insurance is a good investment. As with collision insurance,comprehensive insurance has a deductible. The lower the deductible you select,the higher the premium will be.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E4Factors to consider when purchasing health insuranceThere are many different kinds of health insurance available to individuals today.Most health insurance is provided through employers as a part of an employeebenefits program or through government programs such as Medicare, Children’sHealth Insurance Program (CHIP), or Medicaid.Most of the decisions you make about health insurance have something to do withthe kind of coverage you want. Are you interested in coverage for hospitalexpenses or surgery, or do you want coverage for visits to the doctor’s office? Doyou need prescription coverage? Do you want dental insurance? How aboutinsurance to cover eye exams and corrective lenses if you need them? Generallyspeaking, the more different kinds of health insurance you have, the higher yourpremium will be.Here are some other factors that you should consider regarding health insurance:Deductibles – Most health insurance plans have a deductible that is paidby the patient before insurance is paid. The amount of the deductible youare willing to accept can have a significant effect on the cost of yourinsurance. The higher the deductible you will accept, the lower yourinsurance premiums will be.Co-payments – Some health insurance plans require a co-payment. Thismeans that every time you get health care, you pay a portion of the cost.As with a deductible, the amount of co-payment you are willing to makewill impact on your insurance premiums.Choice – How important is it for you to be able to choose your doctor oreven your hospital? Some health insurance providers are very restrictiveabout who you can see for health care and the procedures you must follow.Others allow much more freedom of choice for patients. If seeing aparticular doctor is important to you or if you really need to be able tochoose your health care provider, you should consider this when selectinga health insurance plan.Exclusions – It’s a good idea to look at what is not covered under yourhealth insurance plan. These are called exclusions. Is there coverage forchiropractors? Under what conditions is mental health care provided? Iscosmetic surgery covered? Does your dental coverage pay for dentalsurgery? If so, are there special co-payments or deductibles that apply?Every insurance policy has exclusions. Be sure that you know what yoursare.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E5Factors to consider when purchasing life insurance.Most of us don’t want to think very much about what would happen if we were todie as a result of injury or some illness. Life insurance provides the money neededto pay funeral and burial expenses, and it can provide money for our families toreplace the money we would have earned, if we were still alive.There is a second reason some workers have for purchasing life insurance. It canbe used as a savings program. Many life insurance policies build up a cash valuethat can be used if a financial need arises in your life, or for retirement when youreach that age.The most important factor to consider when purchasing life insurance is whetheryou are only interested in protection or if you want a policy that accumulates acash value. Generally speaking, policies with no cash value (called terminsurance) provided the greatest amount of protection for the cost. Policies thataccumulate a cash value may be less expensive in the long run, because yourpremiums do not normally increase as you get older, and you will get money backwhen you withdraw accumulated cash.Another very important factor is how much insurance you need. You need tocarefully consider what would happen if you were to suddenly die and how yourfamily would meet their financial obligations. A good insurance agent can helpyou assess your life insurance needs and guide you to the correct level ofinsurance coverage.There are some factors that can impact upon the cost of life insurance that areunder your control. They are:Smoking – Non-smokers pay less for life insurance than smokers dobecause they live shorter lives. If you smoke, consider quitting.Health – While some health conditions cannot be avoided, others can. Aregular program of exercise, diet, and proper nutrition can keep you inshape and keep your life insurance costs down.Drinking – Statistics show that drinkers are more likely to die than nondrinkers are, especially in accidents.Dangerous Activities – Your insurance company will want to know if youare a skydiver, or about other hazardous activities you may be involved in.Life insurance does not need to be an expensive part of your insurance program. Itis, however, important to you and your family.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E6MODULE 10E: STUDENT ACTIVITIESTO THE STUDENT: After reading and studying the above information, complete thefollowing activities.Activity 1: Answer the following questions about automobile insurance.1. If the damages resulting from an accident you caused are more than the limits of yourautomobile insurance, who pays for the difference?2. List four (4) factors that influence the cost of your automobile liability insurance.A.B.C.D.3. Automobile collision insurance covers what kinds of losses?4. If you hit a deer with your automobile, what kind of insurance will help pay for therepairs to your automobile?5. What is a deductible when part of an automobile collision insurance policy?6. Why is it often a bad decision to have only the minimum amount of automobileinsurance prescribed by law?
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E7Activity 2: Answer the following questions about health insurance.1. List four (4) factors you should consider when selecting health insurance.A.B.C.D.2. What is an exclusion from a health insurance policy?3. Reducing the deductible on your health insurance usually results in an increase or adecrease in the cost of your health insurance?Activity 3: Answer the following questions about life insurance?1. List 2 reasons why individuals purchase life insurance.A.B.2. What can a person who smokes do to reduce his/her life insurance costs?3. Why do persons who drink alcoholic beverages often pay higher life insurancepremiums?4. Can the activities you engage in have an impact upon your life insurance premiums?
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Insurance—10E8MODULE 10E: STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN THIS MODULEPennsylvania’s Academic Standards for Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening(RWSL)1.1.11.Learning to Read IndependentlyE. Establish a reading vocabulary by identifying and correctly using new wordsacquired through the study of their relationships to other words. Use adictionary or related reference.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F1Student name: Date:Identify actions that can be takenfor consumer protection.ObjectivesA.B.C.D.Explain the importance of consumer savvy.Describe common consumer scams.List and describe ways to be a smart shopper.List steps to take to solve a consumer problem.MODULE 10F: INFORMATION SHEETTO THE STUDENT: Read and study the following information sheet and then completethe student activities at the end of this module.How much do you know?1. A Music Club you have joined delivers you the Oompah Band’s, “GreatestHits of the Thirties,” instead of what you ordered. What happens next?A. You’re stuck and give it to your Mom for Christmas.B. You have to pay to ship it back in order to get the right thing.C. The club refunds your money.2. Your new DVD player breaks 2 days after the warranty expires. Whathappens next?A. Tough luck, huh?B. You get 50% off if you buy another one.C. It is replaced anyway with no problems.3. If you buy a mountain bike for 1000 and use your new credit card(which charges a nominal 18% interest) and you pay at least the minimummonthly payment, how long does it take to pay back and how much do youpay?A. 12 years and 9 months, paying over 2000 over that timeB. 5 years, 1045C. 1 year, 1,000
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F24. Jeff bought a great used Pathfinder from a local Attorney who assured himthat it was in excellent mechanical condition. Two weeks later, thetransmission went. What happens?A. Jeff is out of luck.B. The seller pays for repairs.C. They split the repair bill.5. Jill was having a party and went to the store to buy some snacks. She wasgoing to make her famous Taco Dip. At home, the cream cheese she boughthad green mold on it when she unwrapped it. What happened?A. She took it back but they wouldn’t replace it because she tossed herreceipt on the way out.B. The cheese was replaced no questions asked.Do any of these scenarios sound familiar? Believe it or not, if you don’t knowwhat you are doing, the answer to all of them COULD be the dreaded and horriblechoice A! MONEY There never seems to be enough and since it doesn’t grow on trees, it is reallyimportant to make the most of what you have by protecting yourself throughconsumer awareness. You can assure this by learning some basic rules of buyingas well as some basic rules for effective complaining.It All Doesn’t Always “Ad” UpMillions of dollars are spent on advertising. There are even cases where more isspent on advertising than the product actually costs to produce! Advertising canbe very useful- informing you about products, but unfortunately it can also bevery deceiving. Consider some common advertising strategies and how the peoplebelow were “taken.”Morgan went to a store get a Designer top advertised for 24. When she gotthere, they were all out of the top she wanted but offered her another verysimilar one for 30. She bought it- after all, she had taken the time and usedthe gas to get there. Morgan was a victim of “BAIT AND SWITCH”- acommon tactic where the bait ( 24 item) got her there, and then she fell forthe “switch”- what was available.Scott bought a new guitar It had the signature of a famous rock star on theside. He was sure it was going to be great. He paid 800. Philip also got a
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F3similar guitar- not endorsed by anyone. He paid 600. The two friendsjammed quite a bit and over time Scott realized that Philip’s instrumentactually had a better sound than his own. The advertising technique Scott fellfor was “TESTIMONIAL OR ENDORSEMENT.” Companies pay Musicians,Athletes, Body Builders .almost anyone famous- for their endorsement ofproducts. This does not guarantee a better product or really anything otherthan the fact that the celebrity was paid big bucks to lend their name to theproduct.Meghan wanted a TastyBake oven for Christmas. This battery-powered ovenwas advertised everywhere- on TV, radio, magazines, in newspapers. Hermother Beth spent hours on the phone tracking one down and then drove 47miles to buy one. Meghan was thrilled on Christmas morning but after about 1hour of playing- the oven was set aside and hasn’t been used since. Motherand daughter fell for the “BLITZ”- a product is advertised so heavily that youalmost feel you HAVE to have it.Jean wanted to drop a few pounds before the Prom. She stocked up on SlenderBars- the food substitute “used by New York models”. This ad tells you reallynothing useful. It does not claim that New York models are thin or beautifulbecause they use Slender Bars. This is an “EMPTY AD.” They really tell younothing or make any claims. But if a great looking man or woman drives acertain brand of car- will you great because you drive it? If “People in Love”use a certain shampoo, hey, maybe it will work for you. That’s what theadvertisers are hoping you will think.Bill bought an expensive whitening toothpaste because, “no other whiteningtoothpaste has more whitening power.” Well, maybe because they all have thesame amount but none have more? This is a “MISLEADING” ad. So is aproducts that helps fight acne (doesn’t tell you whether it wins or loses). Orperhaps you see an ad in which an average person actually picks one brand ofsalad dressing as tasting so much better than the other. The company mayhave done 100 taste tests and are showing you the one that they picked as bestfor them. Another example of misleading ads involve photography. Look atbefore and after pictures closely. Look at facial expression, clothing, makeupand hair. You can stand and look in the mirror and easily make yourself lookextremely different in terms of attractiveness just by smiling, holding yourstomach in, puffing out your chest etc.The Bottom Line on Advertising- it can serve a purpose but know how to use it.DON’T EVER BUY ANYTHING JUST BECAUSE OF AN AD! As you watchTV or listen to the radio, or look at a magazine, look for common tricks and trapssuch as those above, and protect yourself from falling for it.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F4Scams, frauds, and other fun thingsThe main rule to remember here is that if something seems to be too good to betrue, it probably is! The key to protection here is awareness. Some examples ofcommon techniques aimed at young people:Modeling- A man approaches you at a mall, asks if you have ever consideredmodeling, and invites you to come for an interview at a Modeling Agency affiliatethat you have heard of. You get there, have the interview, and are told to wait.They call you back in, compliment you, say you have real potential but just needa little “polish” They will provide classes to you at a low cost. The “low cost” isenormous.Chain Letters- You know- send 2 to the five people on the list, drop the firstname and add yours to the bottom. You will receive loads of money within thenext month. By the time your name gets to the top of the list, there would have tobe over 15,000 people involved. These are called Pyramid Schemes. STAYAWAY FROM THESE! THEY NEVER WORK! If they did, everyone would beusing this method to get rich.Prizes with String attached- Wow! You win a contest and get the Prize- free GiftCertificates at the Spotted Cow- a new restaurant. The Gift Certificates are for 5off an entrée, limit one per visit and you must be with someone paying full price.So you go and the prices are way over what you usually pay- you end up spendingnearly 60, but hey! You get 5.00 off.Counterfeit Clothes- These are the 75 GAP pants on the Boardwalk for 10, orthe Designer sunglasses at the Flea Market that instead of 79.99 are only 19.99.Don’t be surprised if the pants start to fall apart next week, and the sunglassesfollow soon after.Great Jobs- Henry saw an Ad in the paper for a job that sounded perfect. Makeyour own hours, earn 20- 50 an hour, No Selling, great working environment.He called, answered a few easy questions and was told that he was exactly whatthe company was looking for. He went to the Interview and the Dream Job turnedinto a Nightmare real fast. The job was demonstrating knives and scissors tocustomers he had to find. He would be paid a small amount for proof that he hadspent time presenting- the 20- 50 came in if the people decided to buy products.Though the job might appeal to some, it was NOT what Henry expected.Credit Cards- Not really a fraud or scam, Credit cards can be great or a majormoney pit. As soon as you graduate (and sometimes even before) you will beginto receive all kinds of offers of Credit Cards. Just be careful- the averageAmerican Consumer owes 8000 in Credit Card Debt. Almost ½ of all CreditCard Holders pay late penalties. Remember Jeff who paid twice the cost of his
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F5Mountain Bike and it took 12 years? He followed the rules and made no mistakesor late payments. Be sure you know what you are doing when you start to useplastic- don’t buy more than you can afford.The situations above are some examples of how you might waste time and money.Always remember the Number 1 Tip-Off to a Rip-OFF- if something soundstoo good to be true- it probably is.Ten tips to make you a smart consumerSo it’s a Jungle out there. How do you make your way through and protectyourself or are you doomed? There are some basic rules as well as remedies thatwill really increase the chances of being a Crafty Consumer.1. SHOP BEFORE YOU SHOP! Huh? This means do some research before youbuy- especially on big purchases. Know what a general price range is for theproduct you are looking at. Even big Warehouse Stores like Costco and BJ’s arehigher priced on SOME items than your local Supermarket or Store. Use theinternet, plug the item into a search engine like Google and you will be linked toall sorts of information including some with prices.2. KNOW WHO YOU ARE DEALING WITH! Do you really think the sleazywoman at the Flea Market with the ½ price Designer Brands is reputable? Doesthe guy you are buying that car from seem honest? This is especially importantwhen buying by mail or on the Internet. Make sure that there is some kind ofcustomer feedback or consumer approval rating to check.3. KNOW THE RETURN POLICY! How long do you have to return something?Do you need a receipt? Will you get money back or store credit? Imagine Joe’ssurprise when he took a radio back to Circuit City because when he got it out ofthe box and read the features it was missing one he thought it had- and they tookit back cheerfully, but deducted a 10% restocking fee from his refund. The policyshould always be posted at the store, attached to the merchandise, or printed onthe receipt.4. READ SMALL PRINT! In most cases the information is there but in order todo any good, you have to READ it. Read labels, warranties, guarantees, storepolicies, conditions READ everything. You can save yourself some realheadaches and heartaches. Beth ordered a mattress from a Mattress store and toldthe salesman she would pick it up at the store to avoid the delivery charge. Whenshe went to sign contract, she read it carefully and saw they were charging her 20 handling for the “free” delivery to the store.5. DON’T SIGN ANYTHING UNLESS YOU KNOW EXACTLY WHAT YOUARE SIGNING! This goes along with the reading once you sign, you have acommitment. Although there are some instances (such as a door-to-door sales
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F6purchase) that you do have 3 days to “change your mind,” but this isn’t true foreverything. Better safe than sorry.6. GET IT IN WRITING! A verbal “the X-Box works great- if not, just bring itback” doesn’t mean a thing. This is very important with buying used items orfrom Private Parties. As mentioned in #3, at businesses, return policies should beposted, on the merchandise, or on the receipt.7. KNOW YOUR GUARANTEES AND WARRANTIES! Ask about them. Lookfor key words like “full,” “partial,” “labor extra,” “you ship,” “only,” and“limited.” A chain saw with a full warranty stopped working after two months.The Full Warranty specified that it had to be delivered or shipped at owner’sexpense (if you live in Pennsylvania, California is hefty postage) to the nearestService Center. Frank did that only to have it returned at his expense because hehad never sent in the Warranty Card that came with the product.8. INSPECT IMMEDIATELY! Don’t buy something and put it away without firstlooking it over or trying it out. Staci bought a treadmill. She used it two monthson a medium setting and then decided to try a harder interval setting. It would notadjust. The Warranty was 60 days. She had to buy a new part for 90. If there is aproblem, you are at a distinct advantage if it is known immediately.9. SAVE TO SAVE! Save all printed receipts, guarantees, repair orders, cancelledchecks, credit card statements, etc. Keep a large envelope or a file folder and justput everything in. This can be absolutely invaluable if there are problems.10. BE IN CONTROL! Don’t feel pressured or embarrassed into spending yourhard-earned money. Remember Beth’s mattress and the 20 “Free Delivery.” Shewas mad, she stood up and said, “I don’t appreciate that hidden fee- I think I amgoing to think about it.” The salesman immediately waived the fee. Don’t beafraid to ask, wait, or reconsider.Did you make a mistake?So you have followed your rules, you are now a savvy consumer and youencounter a problem. That new sweater fell apart in the wash. You order a greatposter online and are shipped instead a poster of the Famous Rock Formations onthe World. The iPod you got for Christmas freezes. What now?The very first thing is to make sure it wasn’t your fault. Did you read the label?Was the sweater, “Dry clean only?” Did you accidentally type in one wrong letterwhen you ordered the poster (and you can check because of course you, being asmart consumer, SAVED the paperwork). Did you try to load pictures on an iPodmodel that can’t handle them or did you accidentally drop it in the sand? If theproblem was your fault there is not much recourse (unless you have purchased a
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F7service contract or extended warranty) Also, at this step, you may want to checkyour guarantee or warranty information.If the problem was NOT your fault, and you feel that you have a valid complaint,there are a series of easy steps to follow to try to make things right.Steps to Righting a Wrong1. Gather any receipts or other written documentation of your purchase. You canget a lot further with a receipt. For example, Wal-Mart will currently take returnswithout a receipt as long as the bar code is found in their system. A localsupermarket, when shown a moldy package of biscotti they carried, immediatelyreplaced it, but the general rule is: You Need Documentation!2. Go back to where you made the purchase in person, if impossible, call.3. Tell them about the problem fully and clearly. State the facts and show thedocumentation. Tell them what you feel would be fair. Do not lose your temper.4. If the salesperson is not helpful, ask to speak to a manager.5. Be sure to write down when you went, who you talked to, and what theoutcome was.6. If you are still not satisfied, write a letter. There is a sample on the next page.Keep a copy for yourself.Don’t Give Up! By this time, there is a good chance that your problem will besolved. If not however, you need to go to the next step.7. Write or call your Local Better Business Bureau or Consumer ProtectionAgency ( in the phone book or look up on line). They are there to help consumersfree of charge.8. And finally if all else fails, call the Federal Trade Commission- a toll freenumber that gets you to the United States Agency that deals with consumerprotection.Consumer Complaint Letter GuidelinesA letter should be used when you can’t get the action you want by going to thestore where you made the purchase, or if you purchase by catalog or on-line and aphone call doesn’t fix things.
D.O. CAPSConsumer Skills: Consumer Protection—10F8Guidelines1. Send it to the appropriate person. If the letter is being written because you arenot getting anywhere on the phone or at the store, aim for the top. Address theletter to the President of the Company or the manager. Sometimes you can evenfind the name by calling or looking online. If it is being written because it is theonly way to register a complaint (e.g. on-line purchase first inquiry), then addressto Customer Service.2. Be specific with details of problem (“the hem frayed and a button becameloose” rather than “it fell apart.”)3. Include all additional details such as dates, account number, product name,model, and serial number.4. Stick to the facts.5. Include ways of contacting you: name, address, email, phone number.6. Explain how you would like the problem solved (store credit, refund, repair,replacement).7. Include copies of anything you have in writing (receipts, gu
D.O. CAPS Consumer Skills: Insurance—10E 3 Your car - The car you drive can also affect your insurance rates. Insurance companies place certain kinds of cars in special risk categories. You should ask your insurance agent before making a car purchase to make sure you aren't getting a car that will cost you extra for your liability insurance.
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