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E.G. Domestic hot-water system. Typical collector design (fig 6.18). Can we understand the design criteria for each of these components?. What happens if you run such a collector too hot?. National Solar Thermal Test Facility—Sandia National Lab. Parabolic collectors. What is this?.
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Typical collector design(fig 6.18) Can we understand the design criteria for each of these components? What happens if you run such a collector too hot?
What is oil?? 5-10 carbons/mol. 11-12 carbons/mol. 13-17 carbons/mol. 18-20 C’s/mol. • Complex mixture of MANY different hydrocarbons. More complex molecules (more carbon atoms per molecule) have higher boiling points. • The refining process separates the crude petroleum into many different types of fuels (based on boiling point, and therefore carbon number) • Don’t forget, there are also lots of impurities (sulfur, vanadium, nickel, …).
Resources vs. Reserves(McKelvey Diagram) Reserves Resources
Resources vs. Reserves (McKelvey Diagram) Proven Indicated Inferred Reserves More Expensive Resources More Uncertain
US “Proven Reserves” over the last century (does not include 2006). http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_sum_crdsnd_adc_mbbl_m.htm
Changes to US Petroleum reserves Note: Domestic “production” accounts for only about 27% of our petroleum consumption
Gasoline prices (EIA) http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Oil Reserves http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves
Two Views of World’s “Oil” Supply http://www.radford.edu/~wkovarik/oil/
Oil deposits Fig. 7.9 from H&K
Sample seismic section From Lafond et al. CSEG 2004 proceedings (effect of salt domes etc.)
Oil deposits Fig. 7.9 from H&K
Model used for the seismic section From Lafond et al. CSEG 2004 proceedings (effect of salt domes etc.)
Typical LNG tankers Puteri Firus (130000 m3) (Alstrom marine, 1997) Classic
How much can you get out? 15% Up to 45% (Total) Even out best technology Presently leaves over half The oil in the ground! 35% (Total)
Coal Today, 90% of US coal consumption is used for Electricity generation. This accounts for 72% of all electricity generation in the U.S. ~13000 Btu/lb 6000 Btu/lb 14000 Btu/lb 9000 Btu/lb Energy content and impurities both change with grade and location.
Coal http://www.mii.org/ReclStories/JacobsRanch/Jacobs.html Underground mining Strip mining (about 60% of today’s production in the U.S.) http://mysite.verizon.net/sosborne1/underground.html
Methane Clathrate Close up of the atomic structure “Burning Ice” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate
Methane Clathrate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate
Tar sands http://www.eos.ubc.ca/research/ubcgif/research/petrol.html
Tar sands- Bucket wheels These devices were used to remove the overburden and remove the Bitumen. The sand was loaded onto 31 MILES of conveyor belt. These Devices were phased out in 2000 in favour of large excavators and trucks. http://www.www.dykon-explosivedemolition.com/Archives/BucketWheel/BucketWheel.html
Tar Sands Each truck carries up to 400 TONS, equivalent of 200 barrels of crude oil (that’s $16K at 80$/bbl).
Tar sands http://www.usask.ca/education/ideas/tplan/sslp/yukon/bitumont.htm