Dieters who eat meals and snacks high in protein might lose a bit more weight than those who get less protein and more carbohydrates - all other things being equal, a new meta-analysis suggests.
Researchers found that over an average of 12 weeks, people assigned at random to a high-protein diet lost about 1.8 extra pounds, and more body fat, than those assigned to a standard-protein diet.
There was no difference, however, in how much participants' blood pressure, cholesterol levels, or insulin changed based on the protein content of their diets.
Dr Thomas Wycherley from the University of South Australia in Adelaide, the lead author on the study, said that the extra weight loss in the high-protein group was "only modest," but that "it may still represent clinical relevance on a population level." For the study, he and his colleagues analysed 24 past trials that included a total of 1063 people.
What the study found
Participants were all put on a reduced-kilojoule, low-fat diet designed to help them lose weight. About half were prescribed a high-protein version of that diet - containing about 85 grams of protein per day for a 150-pound person - and the other half a standard-protein diet, with 49 grams per day, on average, for a 150-pound person.
Across all trials, high-protein and standard-protein diets were designed to provide the same calorie reduction.
Depending on the study, participants lost an average of anywhere from 2.4 to 25.1 pounds, according to findings published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
It's not obvious why a higher protein-to-carbohydrate ratio might help people shed more pounds - and one obesity researcher not involved in the new analysis questioned whether the trials were even robust enough to make that conclusion.
"The studies are generally far too short to tell impact," said Dr James Levine from the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona. What's more, he added, "many are inadequately conducted to be relevant."
Dr Wycherley said it's possible the body may spend more energy processing protein compared to carbohydrates. Another potential explanation for the link his team observed is that eating protein helps preserve muscle mass - and muscle mass burns more calories, even when the body is resting, than other types of mass.
He said people in the studies tended to get protein from a variety of animal and vegetable sources.
Substituting protein for carbohydrates as part of an energy-restricted diet, Dr Wycherley said, is one option for people hoping to lose weight.
But given the limitations of the current evidence, Dr Levine said, "It makes no real difference which of the (weight-loss) approaches one chooses."
(Reuters Health, November 2012)
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