Sodium batteries are cheap, have a large storage capacity, and have many cycles
In July 2023, CATL was the first to release sodium-ion batteries, which will be used in the field of low-speed electric vehicles. The positive and negative electrode materials of sodium batteries are all chemical mixtures of sodium, which are widely distributed in nature, so there is no shortage of raw materials. Once mass-produced, its use cost is also higher than that of lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries, and graphene batteries. Low.
At the current technical level, the energy density of mass-produced sodium batteries is 160Wh/kg, and its energy density can reach 200Wh/h in the future. This level of energy density is much higher than that of ordinary lead-acid batteries, and is comparable to the energy density of ordinary lithium iron phosphate batteries. However, the cycle number of sodium batteries can reach more than 3,000 times, and the low-temperature charge and discharge performance is relatively good.
However, the energy density is worse than that of lithium batteries. Therefore, in the field of automotive-grade power batteries, sodium batteries do not have an advantage. In addition, sodium batteries will not deflagrate and are extremely safe, and will shine in the field of low-speed electric vehicles in the future.
Lithium batteries are medium in price, less in storage, and more in cycle times
At present, there are three main types of lithium batteries, namely ternary system, lithium iron phosphate system, and manganese lithium system. Among them, ternary lithium has the highest energy density and the smallest volume, which is suitable for high-speed new energy vehicles. However, the liveliness is the strongest, and sufficient safety protection is required before mass production and loading. However, compared with sodium batteries, lithium batteries have a more mature technology and more room for imagination. In addition to safety and raw material reserves, lithium batteries have better comprehensive discharge performance than sodium batteries.
Graphene battery An upgraded version of lead-acid battery
The real pure graphene battery does not exist yet. Now the graphene battery is a lead-acid battery with the positive and negative electrodes fused with graphene components, and the active components inside the battery have been upgraded to improve the charge and discharge performance and frequency. It has better activity in low temperature environment and supports high current fast charging. Although it is essentially a lead-acid battery, its performance has to be improved a lot.
Sodium battery, lithium battery, graphene battery, who has the future?
If a real pure graphene battery is developed, with its high-rate charge-discharge performance and strong power storage capacity, it can provide 1,000 kilometers of battery life after charging for 10 minutes. Then all current energy forms will be subverted. But right now, most manufacturers are still making a fuss about lithium batteries. In the field of high-speed new energy, lithium batteries may be the most promising, followed by sodium batteries.
In the field of low-speed electric vehicles, sodium batteries will replace lead-acid batteries and graphene batteries in the future due to their cost advantages and high energy density. The current graphene battery is not a temporary transitional product, and it is bound to be replaced when new material batteries appear in the future. What do you think about this, folks? Your message is welcome!