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Alternate forms: Blood, Ojibwa, Saulteaux, Shuswap, Simpcw, Sioux, Stoney
Contributor: Jacobs, Norman Leonard, 1885-
Subject: Railroads | Fishing | Clothing and dress | Rites and ceremonies | Social life and customs | Architecture | British Columbia--History | Manitoba--History | Alberta--History | Saskatchewan--History | Ontario--History
Extent: 1 linear foot
Description: Norman Leonard Jacobs was an engineer and surveyor with the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada. The collection consists of his correspondence with Bessie Frank (later Anathan), an acquaintance from Pittsburgh. Jacobs wrote of daily life in Canadian cities like Winnipeg and Edmonton, interactions with First Nations, and daily hardships encountered in the field (extreme cold, snowblindness, and lack of food), but also spoke of his work with pride and enthusiasm. In addition to the letters, Jacobs wrote twenty-eight pages of a "Diary of a Tenderfoot." Also included in the collection are two photobooks and various loose photographs, which display various aspects of camp life, details of work sites and the Canadian landscape, and First Nations peoples. Some of the photographs are extremely faded. Native peoples mentioned include Ojibwe, Blackfoot, Cree, "Surteau" (likely Saulteaux),"Bloods" (Kainai), "Stonies" (Nakoda, or "Stoney"), as well as Native people at Tete Jaune Cache who are likely Simpcw. The images include family groups; men, women, and children fishing; men (some apparently hired by Jacobs or his company to act as guides and carriers in the field) working with an infant in a cradleboard; Ojibwe graves; tepees [tipis]; "Sioux" warriors; a sweat bath; horse races; individuals like Joe KaeKwitch, Chief Handorgan, Chief Wingard, Muskowken, etc. Most of these materials have been digitized and are available through the APS's Digital Library. Also see the finding aid for more background information on Jacobs and detailed itemized lists for both Series I. Correspondence and Series II. Graphic Materials.
Collection: Anathan-Jacobs Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Collection (Mss.SMs.Coll.13)
Alternate forms: Nēhiyaw
Date: 1925; Circa 1935; 1948; 1949;
Contributor: Achenam, Harry | Achenam, Maggie | Ahenakew, Edward | Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887-1949 | Constant, Jerry | Cook, Sam | Moostoos, James | Moostoos, Susan | Skinner, Alanson, 1886-1925 | Starblanket, Chief | Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922
Subject: Canoes and canoeing | Dance | Genealogy | Folklore | Linguistics | Material culture | Religion | Saskatchewan--History | Traditional Treaties | Warfare | Windigo
Extent: 830 pages
Description: The Cree materials in the ACLS collection are Plains Cree materials predominantly from Saskatchewan and are located in the "Cree" section of the finding aid. "Cree texts, 'Series Two: Syllabary Texts from Sweet Grass Reserve,'" recorded by Harry Achenam of Sweetgrass Reserve (and previously attributed to Leonard Bloomfield), contains 67 unpublished stories written in Cree syllabics. The other primary materials are several items by Edward Ahenakew, written in English, concerning his family's genealogy, methods for tanning leather and building canoes, accounts of medicine practices and conjuring, and stories of little people, Wetikoo (or Wihtigo, Windigo), and other non-human beings. Many of these stories were given by various consultants such as Chief Starblanket of Ahtahkakoop, Jerry Constant, James Moostoos, and Susan Moostoos.
Collection: ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Alternate forms: Montagnais, Nehiyaw
Date: 1911-1931, 1936, 1938-1948
Contributor: Downes, P. G. (Prentice Gilbert), 1909- | Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Schaeffer, Claude E. | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Wallace, Paul A. W.
Subject: Alberta--History | Folklore | Linguistics | Museum specimens | Québec (Province)--History | Saskatchewan--History
Extent: 6+ folders; 60+ photographs; 1 film
Description: The Cree material in the Frank Speck papers are scattered around multiple sections of the finding aid, mostly in Subcollection I, Series I. In this series, see item II(2A5), containing correspondence from P.G. Downes to Speck regarding Cree in Quebec. See item II(2F3), which includes notes from A. irving Hallowell to Speck regarding field work visiting Sweet Grass Cree, mentioning attitude of Cree to Leonard Bloomfield. Item II(4B9c) contains Speck's field notes on the Mistassini band, including notes on relationship between Cree and Montagnais languages, as well as museum specimens. Item II(2G1) includes Naskapi names in Cree syllabary; the Lord's Prayer in Cree; miscellaneous syllabary Cree words, and images of 79 pictographs. In Subcollection I, Series II, see correspondence with Claude Schaeffer regarding Rocky Boy Cree, and correspondence with Paul A. W. Wallace regarding Cree tales (Wissakutchek) collected by Edward Ahenakew in Alberta. In Subcollection I, Series III, there are 4 "Cree" photograph folders containing approximately 60 photographs. See also "Naskapi films," located in Subcollection II, Series IV, Photographs and Video, which includes some footage of some Cree people.
Collection: Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Alternate forms: Nēhiyaw
Date: 1967-1968, 1971, 1983, 1992-1994
Contributor: Armoskaite, Solveiga | Cardinal, Toni | Cook, Clare | Muehlbauer, Jeffrey | Powers, William K. | Wolfart, H. Christoph
Extent: 592 pages
Description: The Cree materials in the Phillips Fund collection consist of 5 items. Materials in this collection are listed alphabetically by last name of author. See materials listed under Armoskaite, Blain, Powers, and Wolfart.
Collection: Phillips Fund for Native American Research Collection (Mss.497.3.Am4)
Culture: Anishinaabe | Cayuse | Klallam | Cree | Dakelh | Haida | Heiltsuk | Kalapuya | Klickitat | Ktunaxa | Nez Perce | Nisga'a | Nuxalk | Ojibwe | Secwépemc | Squamish | Syilx | Tlingit | Walla Walla
Alternate forms: Bella Bella, Bella Coola, Carrier, Haíɫzaqv, Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Nehiyaw, Okanagan, Okanagon, Saulteaux, Shuswap, Skwxwú7mesh, Clallam, S'Klallam, nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əm, Niska, Nishga, Nisgha
Language(s): Cayuse | Klallam | Cree, Plains | Dakelh (ᑕᗸᒡ) | Haida | Heiltsuk-Oowekyala | Kalapuya | Kutenai | Nez Perce | Nisga'a | Nuxalk | Ojibwa, Western | Okanagan | Secwepemc | Squamish | Tlingit | Walla Walla
Contributor: Black, Samuel | Dorion, Babtiste | Gardiner, Meredith | McKenzie, Benjamin | Ogden, Peter | Townsend, John Kirk, 1809-1851
Subject: Linguistics | Alaska--History | Washington (State)--History | Idaho--History | Oregon--History | British Columbia--History | Ontario--History | Saskatchewan--History
Extent: 2 volumes
Description: This collection contains two manuscript volumes collected by the naturalist John Kirk Townsend, obtained by dictation from native speakers, people of mixed ancestry, and traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. The first volume contains a collection of multiple comparative vocabulary lists of languages of modern-day Washington, Idaho, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska, obtained by dictation from native speakers, people of mixed ancestry, and traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. Languages included are: "Okanagan" (N̓səl̓xcin), "Attnaha" or "Shoushwap" (Secwepemctsin), "Walla Walla (Sahaptin), "Squalyamish" (Squamish / Sḵwx̱wú7mesh ?), "Nooselalum" (Klallam / nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əm), "Haeeltzuk" (Heiltsuk), "Billichoola" (Nuxalk), "Nass" (Nisga'a), "Haidah" (Haida), "Tongaase" (Tlingit, possibly inland variety), Nez Perce, Chinook [Jargon], "Carrier or Takelhé" (Dakelh), "Kayouse" (Cayuse), and "Kootenai" (Ktunaxa). The second volume is a collection of vocabulary lists of 19 Indigenous languages, primarily of the Pacific Northwest, re-copied from earlier notes in an orderly fashion with an index and additional introductory information on the area where each language is spoken and the source of the vocabulary. 15 of the vocabularies are re-copied out from the first volume in this collection. This volume includes the languages listed for that volume, plus Cree (possibly Plains Cree), "Kalapooyah" (Kalapuya), Klikatat (Sahaptin or Yakama), and "Seauteux" (Western Ojibwa/Ojibwe).
Collection: John Kirk Townsend Indian vocabularies collection (Mss.497.3.T66)
Date: 1994-1999, 2009
Subject: Alberta--History | Art | Folklore | Manitoba--History | Saskatchewan--History | Social life and customs
Extent: 20+ hours
Description: Audio recordings of interviews with Cree people on topics including Cree language, history, horses, wihtigo, thunderbirds, and other topics. The bulk of the interviews are with Stan Cuthand and Neal McLeod. The majority of the audio materials are interviews recorded in the context of producing radio documentaries for CBC Radio One from the early 1990s through late 2000s. (See Series I, Subseries 12 for the broadcast version of these documentaries.) Transcripts for both the finished documentaries are located in Series II.
Collection: Maureen Matthews Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.164)
Alternate forms: Nehiyaw
Extent: 11 folders
Description: Plains Cree language field notebooks and loose notes from Sweetgrass Reserve and Starblanket Reserve (or Ahtahkakoop), Saskatchewan. The first 10 notebooks (approximately 160 pages each) appear to be in Bloomfield's hand primarily contain texts, with some word lists, in romanized Plains Cree orthography, almost entirely untranslated. A final notebook and loose notes contain 26 texts (numbered 83-108) written in Cree syllabic script by Harry Achenam, with one (#108) written or dictated by Maggie Achenam. The loose notes also contain at least 1 brief text (5 p.) in Cree syllabic script written by "Askiy-kā-pimuhtātahk (Pimutat)" of Starblanket Reserve. These texts were intended as part of a sequel to Bloomfield's Plains Cree TextsPlains Cree Texts (1934), but were never published.
Collection: Plains Cree notebooks collection (Mss.497.3.B62c)