The significance of protected natural areas for tourism in the Vojvodina Province (Northern Serbia) – analysis of sustainable tourism development
This paper presents experimental research into the attitudes of tourists towards the significance of protected areas with regard to tourism in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in the northern part of the Republic of Serbia. It is an area with significant rare plant and animal resources, as well as wеtlands, ecosystems, and hilly and mountainous areas. Several research methods have been used in the paper. The first method is to collect data using a written questionnaire that was completed by 215 visitors to different protected areas in AP Vojvodina. Their answers revealed their attitudes toward sustainable tourism in selected protected areas. After examining the differences in the answers using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results of the survey conducted by the authors were examined by means of two comparative analyses of identical, related, and similar answers in selected case studies. Based on the results of the Kruskal-Wallis Test, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the assessments of the importance of activities and the forms of tourism chosen when visiting protected areas. The most important forms of tourism are ecotourism and adventure tourism. Tourists also identified hiking, cycling, and wildlife watching as the most important activities.
Ali, A., Frew, A.J. (2013). Information and communication technologies for sustainable tourism. London and New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Batman, Z.P., Demirel, O. (2016). Importance of ecology-based tourism and tourism planning approach in Meryemana Creek (Macka-Trabzon) Route, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 1084-1094.
Belsoy, J., Korir, J., Yego, J. (2012). Environmental impacts of tourism in protected areas, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, Vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 64-73.
Butzmann, E., Job, H. (2017). Developing a typology of sustainable protected area tourism products, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 1736-1755.
Carr, A., Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. (2016). Indigenous peoples and tourism: the challenges and opportunities for sustainable tourism, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 24, No. 8-9, pp. 1067-1079.
Ciglovska, B. (2016). Agroecology and agrotourism as a new cash cow for the farmers the crisis: the case of FYROM, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 276-283.
Delić, D., Cvijanović, D., Prentović, R. (2017). Uticaj lovnog turizma na zaštićena područja (in Serbian). Vrnjačka Banja: Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Fakultet za hotelijerstvo i turizam.
Fennell, D.A. (2015a). Ecotourism. London & New York: Routledge.
Fennell, D.A. (2015b). Tourism and the precautionary principle in theory and practice. In C.M. Hall, S. Gössling, D. Scott (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Sustainability. London & New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 67-77.
Grujičić, I., Milijić, V., Nonić, D. (2008). Conflict management in protected areas: the Lazar Canyon Natural monument, eastern Serbia, International Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 219-229.
Hoang, T.T.H., Rompaey, A.V., Meyfroidt, P., Govers, G., Vu, K.C., Nguyen, A.T., Hens, L., Vanacker, V. (2020). Impact of tourism development on the local livelihoods and land cover change in the northern Vietnamese highlands, Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 22, pp. 1371-1395.
Holden, A. (2013). Protected areas and tourism. In A. Holden, D. Fennell (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and the Environment. London and New York: Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 276-284.
Holden, A. (2016). Environment and tourism. London & New York: Routledge.
Hornoiu, R.I., Pădurean, M.A., Nica, A., Maha, L. (2014). Tourism consumpion behavior in natural protected areas, Amfiteatru Economic, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 1178-1190.
IUCN (2017). IUCN Annual Report for 2017. Gland: IUCN.
Janssen, J. (2009). Sustainable development and protected landscapes: the case of The Netherlands, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 37-47.
Job, H., Becken, S., Lane, B. (2017). Protected areas in a neoliberal world and the role of tourism in supporting conservation and sustainable development: an assessment of strategic planning, zoning, impact monitoring, and tourism management at natural World Heritage Sites, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 1697-1718.
Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., Pal, D.K. (2015). Likert scale: explored and explained, British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 396-403.
Kim, H., Lee, S., Uysal, M., Kim, J., Ahn, K. (2015). Nature-based tourism: Motivation and subjective well-being, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 576-598.
Koens, J.F., Dieperink, C., Miranda, M. (2009). Ecotourism as a development strategy: experiences from Costa Rica, Environment Development and Sustainability, Vol. 11, pp. 1225–1237.
Kruger, M., Viljoen, A., Saayman, M. (2017). Who visits the Kruger National Park and Why? Identifying target markets, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 312-340.
Leković, M. (2019). Behavioral portfolio theory and behavioral asset pricing model as an alternative to standard finance concepts, Economic Horizons, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 255-271.
Li, G. (2012). Statistical testing techniques. In L. Dwyer, A. Gill, N. Seetaram (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Tourism, Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 13-30.
Maksin, M., Pucar, M., Milijić, S. Korać, M. (2011). Održivi razvoj turizma u Evropskoj Uniji i Srbiji (in Serbian). Beograd: Institut za arhitekturu i urbanizam Srbije.
Maksin, M., Ristić, V., Nenković-Riznić, M., Mićić, S. (2018). The role of zoning in the strategic planning of protected areas: Lessons learnt from EU countries and Serbia, European Planning Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 838-872.
Malenović-Nikolić, J., Vasović, D., Janaćković, G., Ilić-Petković, A., Ilić-Krstić, I. (2016). Improving the management system of mining and energy complexes based on risk assessment, environmental law and principles of sustainable development, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 1066-1075.
Manente, M., Minghetti, V., Mingotto, E. (2014). Responsible tourism and CSR, assessment systems for sustainable development of SMEs in tourism. New York: Springer.
Mitchell, B. (2019). Resource and environmental management. Oxford: University Press.
Mitsch, W.J., Bernal, B., Hernandez, M.E. (2015). Ecosystem services of wetlands, International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1-4.
Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2016). Tourism and sustainability: development, globalization and new tourism in the third world. London and New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Muñoz, L., Hausner, V., Brown, G., Runge, C., Fauchald, P. (2019). Identifying spatial overlap in the values of locals, domestic and international tourists to protected areas, Tourism Management, Vol. 71, pp. 259-271.
Newsome, D., Moore, S.A., Dowling, R.K. (2013). Natural area tourism ecology, impacts and management. Toronto: Channel View Publications.
Oprea, L., Ienciu, I., Tudorascu, M., Filip, L. (2015). Implications of topography and cadastre in tourism planning and sustainable development of “Alba Carolina” Vauban citadel, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 1016-1023.
Pfueller, S.L., Lee, D., Laing, J. (2011). Tourism partnerships in protected areas: Exploring contributions to sustainability, Environmental Management, Vol. 48, pp. 734–749.
Polat, Z., Demirel, O. (2016). Evaluation of alternative tourism in the light of natural, cultural and visual resources in Turkey landscape, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 1220-1228.
Puzović, S., Panjković, B., Tucakov, M., Stojnić, N., Sabadoš, K., Stojanović, T., Vig, L., Marić, B., Tešić, O., Kiš, A., Galamboš, L., Pil, N., Kicošev, V., Stojšić, V., Timotić, D., Perić, R., Bošnjak, T., Delić, J., Dobretić, V., Stanišić, J. (2015). Upravljanje prirodnom baštinom u Vojvodini (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Republika Srbija, Autonomna Pokrajina Vojvodina, Pokrajinski sekretarijat za urbanizam, graditeljstvo i zaštitu životne sredine, Pokrajinski zavod za zaštitu prirode.
Queiroz, R.E., Guerreiro, J., Ventura, M.A. (2014). Demand of the tourists visiting protected areas in small oceanic islands: the Azores case-study (Portugal), Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 16, pp. 1119–1135.
Rinzin, C., Vermeulen, W.J., Glasbergen, P. (2007). Ecotourism as a mechanism for sustainable development: The case of Bhutan, Environmental Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 109-125.
Robinson, P., Lück, M., Smith, S.L.J. (2013). Tourism. Oxfordshire: CABI.
Rodary, E., Milian, J. (2011). Expansion and diversification of protected areas: Rupture or continuity?. In C. Aubertin, E. Rodary (Eds.), Protected Areas, Sustainable Land?. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 13-29.
Sl. list AP Vojvodine (br. 10/2016). Program zaštite životne sredine Autonomne pokrajine Vojvodine za period 2016-2025. godine (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Pokrajinski sekretarijat za obrazovanje, propise, upravu i nacionalne manjine – nacionalne zajednice.
Stojnić, N., Panjković, B., Sabadoš, K., Kicošev, V., Timotić, D., Kiš, A., Galamboš, L., Delić, J., Dobretić, V., Milenić, B., Perić, R., Stojšić, V., Pil, N., Stanišić, J., Plemić, Z., Predojević, J., Bošnjak, T., Mihajlović, N., Fojkar, O., Došenović, B., Marinković, L., Krnčević, G., Borčić, S., Novaković, S., Rilak, S., Dragaš, K., Pivaš, B. (2015). Izveštaj o stanju životne sredine za period 2010-2014. godine (in Serbian). Novi Sad: Pokrajinski zavod za zaštitu prirode.
Štetić, S., Šimičević, D. (2014). Menadžment turističke destinacije (in Serbian). Beograd: Visoka turistička škola strukovnih studija.
Štetić, S., Šimičević, D. (2015). Turistička geografija (in Serbian). Visoka turistička škola strukovnih studija.
Štetić, S., Trišić, I. (2018). The role and importance of ecosystems in creating tourism activities, Hotel and Tourism Management, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 35-46.
Tisdell, C., Wilson, C. (2005). Perceived impacts of ecotourism on environmental learning and conservation: turtle watching as a case study, Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 7, pp. 291-302.
Trišić, I. (2019). Opportunities for sustainable tourism development and nature conservation in Special Nature Reserve “Deliblatska Peščara“, Hotel and Tourism Management, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 83-93.
Trišić, I., Štetić, S., Privitera, D., Nedelcu, A. (2020). Wine routes in Vojvodina Province, Northern Serbia - a tool for sustainable tourism development, Sustainability, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 82.
Valdivieso, J.C., Eagles, P.F.J., Gil, J.C. (2015). Efficient management capacity evaluation of tourism in protected areas, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 1544-1561.
Vinueza, L., Post, A., Guarderas, P., Smith, F., Idrovo, F. (2014). Ecosystem-based management for rocky shores of the Galapagos Islands. In J. Denkinger, V. Luis (Eds.), The Galapagos Marine Reserve, A Dynamic Social–Ecological System. New York: Springer, pp. 81-107.