Deregulated Nutrient Sensing
Nutrient sensing is essential for a healthy body functioning. For instance, numerous chemosensors presents in our gastrointestinal tract helps monitor chemical content of food intake.
Therefore, we depend on multiple nutrient sensing pathways to make sure that the body takes in just the right amount of nutrition. However, cell damaging events deregulate the nutrient-sensing molecules and their downstream pathways. IGF-1, mTOR, AMPK signaling pathways control different nutrient sensing pathways. Metabolic activities can put stress on our cells. Too much activity, changes in nutrient availability and composition, cause cells to age faster. The interaction of IGF-1 and insulin is the most conserved aging-controlling pathway in evolution. Dietary restriction increases lifespan, supports the idea that deregulated nutrient sensing is a relevant characteristic of aging.
Mitochondria is a component of the cell responsible for generating ATP, sensor for cellular distress, sending and responding to signals of cell death. Since the 2013 publication of The Hallmarks of Aging, the role of mitochondria received greater attention, particularly in regulating inflammation in response to metabolic change. Mitochondrial dysfunction can accelerate aging in mammals.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is the root cause of many diseases, which later manifested itself in a broad variety of symptoms and complexity. As cells age, their mitochondria start to lose their integrity due to the build-up of oxidative stress. Compromised mitochondrial function leads to increased apoptosis induction and other events, that correlate with aging.
Cellular senescence is the point at which our cells stop dividing and growing due to damage or lack of necessary components. This plays an important role in restricting the propagation of damaged and defective cells.
Due to the increase number of senescent cells in aging, it is logical to conclude that senescence contributes to aging. DNA damage and oxidative stress responses, induces senescence. Telomere shortening causes cells to stop replicating and reinforcing the senescent phenotype. The emerging theme is that it’s not enough to measure one or two biomarkers to unequivocally define the senescent state. In order to fully characterize aging cells, a few of the following phenotypic markers have to be measured: secretory phenotype, beta galactosidase expression, proliferation, heterochromatic foci, flatness of morphology and chromatin alterations.
Endocrine & Metabolic Syndrome
Cellular dysfunction is sometimes the driving force of endocrine and metabolic disorders, identifying the underlying causes help to understand our phenotype.
Endocrine disorder involve over or under production of certain hormones in the body. Some common endocrine disorders include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and cognitive adrenal hyperplasia. Metabolic disorder affects the body’s ability to process certain nutrients and vitamins. Examples of metabolic diseases are cystic fibrosis, hyperlipidemia and rickets.
Adrenal Stress and Chronic Fatigue
Adrenal glands produces a variety of hormones that are essential for the body.
Adrenal stress refers to adrenal insufficiency caused by chronic stress. It is a condition which is not well understood. Similarly, chronic fatigue is treated as a symptomatic condition. Biological, genetic, infectious and psychological mechanism has been proposed as causes, however, sufficient evidences are still in demand.
Improve & Manage Metabolic & Hormone Imbalance
Metabolic and hormone imbalance can be managed in making suitable changes in lifestyle and eating habits.
Nutrition, exercise and a healthy lifestyle is essential in maintaining a healthy endocrine system. Making changes in these areas is notably effective in managing metabolic & hormone imbalance. Appropriate supplements can help to resolve symptoms including hot flushes, irregular periods, anxiety and anemia-related weakness.
Increase Cell & Mitochondria Energy
A dominant role of mitochondria is the production of ATP, it is one of the most important driver of cellular activities.
One effective way of increasing cell & mitochondria energy is to ensure melatonin signaling. It affects mitochondria positively, maintaining the integrity and function of these organelles. Melatonin decreases inflammation and maintains the efficiency of electron transport. Because of these powerful effects, maintaining melatonin levels or by circadian regulation is an area of therapeutic interest.