An A-shaped frame used for supporting a bearing.
The process by which flour is allowed to stand for some time after grinding until its original creamy colour has turned white. Was carried out by chemical bleaching at one time, but generally no longer so.
Longitudinal shutters sometimes incorporated into the outer end of the leading edge of PATENT SAILS.They are opened by the shutter mechanism so as to break up air flow in heavy gusts, thus reducing the speed of rotation of the sails. Also known as skyscrapers.
Machine-made paper which is passed over skeleton drums and dried by air, usually hot, circulated through them.
The so-called air knife acts on the principle of a doctor blade and uses a thin, flat jet of air to remove the excess coating from a wet sheet which has just passed through the coating zone.
Used in the sizing of paper. It is added to ANIMAL SIZE or GELATINE to stabilise the consistency, to act as a preservative by arresting the formation of destructive bacteria and to help render the GELATINE impervious to ink.
A chain used in conjunction with a winch mounted on the tail pole of a windmill to turn and secure the mill; made fast to CHAINPOSTS set around the base.
Platform at the lower end of the tailpole to fix the end of the spoke chain.
A dish containing 6lbs Dutch weight meal which was used to measure the miller's & mill servants' share of the meal (Scot.).
Angle Of Weather
Twist or pitch in a sail, resembling that of a propeller, to catch the wind & give driving power. Usually 5 degrees at the tip and about 25 degrees at the HEEL, measured from the plane of rotation.
Produced by boiling the waste pieces of hides, hooves, bones etc. in copper-lined steam-jacketed heaters. The GELATINE helps to prevent ink and water penetration into the paper. Also known as ANIMAL SIZE.
See Animal Gelatine.
Circular sail assembly with several radial vanes.
A mill run by a co-operative.
SAILS of a WINDMILL that run anticlockwise when viewed from the front of the mill.
A size of drawing paper introduced by the younger Whatman in 1773. It was the largest size sheet of paper made by hand in the west and was standardised at 53 x 30 in.
A early type of centrifugal pump driven by marsh mills.
(1) A flat plate at the end of the trough delivering water to a waterwheel. (2) Arc or breast of stone or wood fitted behind a breast or pitchback waterwheel to contain the water in the buckets. (3) The brick or wooden boarded floor to a watercourse, upstream or downstream from a sluice or waterwheel to prevent the water from scouring under the foundations. (4) The area around the bedstone, into which the mill eye is set. (5) A sheet of oiled cloth, leather or rubber which bridges the gap between the breast box and the moving wire on a FOURDRINIER paper machine so that the PULP is delivered evenly onto the wire.
A device for raising water for drainage purposes, consisting of a long sloping coarse-pitched screw, made of wood or metal, rotating in a close fitting trough. See also AUGER. The Japanese have a small archimedean screw which is used "in reverse" for producing power on a farm.
A wheel having radial arms set on a hub, mortised into a wooden shaft or cast with it.
A hollow tower designed to deliver a jet of water under pressure to a horizontal waterwheel. Used in Spain and the Middle East.
Squared stones used in building.
A device for cleaning grain before grinding, utilising a FAN (2) to produce a current of air to remove dust and impurities.
Abrasion, The wearing away by friction or by rubbing substances together.
(1) In mills, a horizontal screw helix or Archimedean screw, revolving in a trough or tube and employed for the horizontal movement of grain or meal. It was improved by Oliver Evans an American millwright in the C18th. (2) A carpenter's tool for boring holes; used by millwrights.
A dish containing 6 lbs Dutch weight meal used to measure the miller's and mill servants' share of the meal. (Scot.).
See Patent Sail.
The driving mechanism (shafts, belts or gears) to auxiliary equipment in a mill, or associated with an auxiliary engine.
Any other power source used to augment the wind or water.
The spike or beard on a grain of barley (Scot.).