Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Lateolabracidae
Etymology: Lateolabrax: Greek, latos, a fish of the Nile + Greek, labrax, -akos = a fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Marine; freshwater; brackish; reef-associated; catadromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 5 - ? m. Subtropical; 44°N - 15°N, 106°E - 143°E
Western Pacific: Japan to the South China Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 50 - ? cm
Max length : 102 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 40637); common length : 16.1 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 35840); max. published weight: 8.7 kg (Ref. 40637)
Found in moving water of inshore rocky reefs. Juveniles may ascend rivers and return to sea to spawn. Protandrous, sex change happens after maturation at age 2 (Ref. 36558). Spawning occurs during winter, in deeper rocky reefs or inshore areas. Predaceous, feeding on zooplankton at an early age and on small fish and shrimps as adults (Ref. 12497). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 559). Family placement uncertain (Ref. 1830). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Males mature at age 2 years, becoming females when older (Ref. 36558). Juveniles may ascend rivers migrating to the sea to spawn (Ref. 36558).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 115941)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes
Estimates of some properties based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969
): 12.7 - 26.3, mean 22.4 (based on 180 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00891 - 0.01780), b=3.02 (2.92 - 3.12), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
): 3.4 ±0.43 se; Based on food items.
Resilience (Ref. 69278
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.14-0.2; tm=2; Fec=1,726,242).
Prior r = 0.54, 2 SD range = 0.35 - 0.83, log(r) = -0.62, SD log(r) = 0.22, Based on: 4 K, 1 tgen, 2 Fec records
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100) .