Ecology: Instream habitat: Eustheniid nymphs generally occur in swift streams and rivers, clinging to rocks and stones, but may also occur in lakes.
Feeding ecology: Nymphs are active carnivores.
Habit: Eustheniid nymphs can run actively when disturbed but typically swim with an undulating up and down action.
Life history: Females lay their eggs in a single layer on the underside of stones and logs. Eggs have a pigmented tough surrounding membrane. Nymphs are slow-growing with the full life cycle taking two to three years. Emergence periods may extend over many months of spring, summer and autumn.
Information Sources: Michaelis & Yule 1997, Theischinger 1991, Hynes 1978, Hawking & Smith 1997, Yule 1997
Key to Genera: Yule 1997 (NSW, NVic), Hynes 1989 (Tas, incomplete), Hynes 1978 (Vic, incomplete)
Key to Species: Yule 1997 (NSW, NVic), Hynes 1989 (Tas, incomplete), Hynes 1978 (Vic, incomplete)