Reye syndrome is a rare condition that affects the normal chemical balance in the body, resulting in potential damage to all organs, but primarily affecting the brain and liver. This condition is basically considered a children's disease, although it can occur at any age.
As the inflammation in the brain increases, the pressure inside of the head may also increase. The increased pressure in the head causes neurological changes in the child.
It has a very rapid onset that can cause the child to go into a coma, or can result in death within hours of the symptoms.
The exact cause of Reye syndrome is unknown. The more common cases of Reye syndrome occur in conjunction with a previous viral infection, such as the flu or chicken pox.
Reye syndrome usually affects children between the ages of 4 and 12.
Studies show that there is an association between the ingestion of products containing aspirin in children who have a viral illness and Reye syndrome. As a result, the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics have released warnings to the public about the relationship between aspirin and Reye syndrome. Parents should not give aspirin to children unless instructed by your child's doctor.
The following are the most common symptoms of Reye syndrome. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. A child may have had a viral illness such as a respiratory infection, chickenpox, or diarrhea before experiencing symptoms of Reye syndrome. Symptoms may include:
The symptoms of Reye syndrome may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child's doctor for a diagnosis.
The diagnosis of Reye syndrome is made after the sudden onset of specific symptoms and after diagnostic testing. During a physical examination, your child's doctor obtains a complete medical history of your child. Your child's doctor may also ask if the child has recently had a cold or other viral illness, and whether the child has taken aspirin or medication containing aspirin.
Diagnostic tests that may be performed to confirm the diagnosis of Reye syndrome include the following:
Specific treatment for Reye syndrome will be determined by your child's doctor based on:
Although there is no cure for Reye syndrome, there are some treatment options. The key to medically managing Reye syndrome is early detection.
A child with Reye syndrome requires immediate hospitalization in the intensive care unit and close monitoring by the health care team. This is a serious illness that can quickly worsen.
The goal of treatment is to monitor and reduce the pressure in the head and to provide supportive care (treatment of symptoms) to the child. Medications are used to control the inflammation in the brain, seizures, fever, or other conditions that may be present.
The extent of the problem is dependent on the severity of the condition and the presence of other organ system problems that could affect the child. In severe cases, a breathing machine may be required to help the child breathe easier.
Parents should read medication labels carefully and avoid giving children products containing aspirin during times of illness. Consult your child's doctor for questions regarding medications and dosage.
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Online Resources of Neurological Disorders