Loyalists were harassed socially and politically. Many were expelled from their land and their property was seized. Many were arrested. One Loyalist ancestor living near North River, New York was arrested and in 1779 his home was burned to the ground forcing his family to flee to Montreal Canada. My Loyalist ancestor from New Jersey did not take up arms but remained sympathetic to the British forces and according to official documents
"[he] suffered greatly both in his person and property in the Late War between Great Britain and America"Fleeing to Canada
The first trickle of Loyalists into Canada was in March 1776 when 1 000 people fled Boston and accompanied the British Army as it retreated before the American forces. In 1782 when the Revolution ended, Canada consisted of two colonies: Quebec and Nova Scotia. Approximately 10,000 Loyalists went to Quebec, the rest to Nova Scotia.
Those who settled in Quebec ran into problems with the French feudal system of land ownership and agitated for the creation of an English-speaking province. As a result, the Quebec colony was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791. Loyalists came overland to the Niagara Peninsula in the new area of Upper Canada.
Although there were exceptions, Loyalist settlement in 1784 in what is now the Province of Ontario was mostly by discharged servicemen from Ranger Units who settled in roughly the following pattern, going from east to west along the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario:
> Lancaster Township: Royal Yorkers settled there in 1785
> Charlottenburgh Township: Roman Catholic Highlanders in the Royal Yorkers
> Cornwall Township: Scottish Presbyterians in the Royal Yorkers
> Osnabruck Township: German Calvinists in the Royal Yorkers
> Williamsburgh Township: German Lutherans in the Royal Yorkers
> Matilda Township: Anglicans in the Royal Yorkers
> Edwardsburgh, Augusta and Elizabethtown Townships: Major Jessup's Loyal Rangers
> Kingston Township: Captain Michael Grass and his New York Loyalists
> Ernestown Township: Jessup's Rangers
> Fredericksburgh Township: Major James Rogers' Co. of the King's Rangers and the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Yorkers
> Adolphustown Township: DeLancey's Corps
> Marysburgh Township: German mercenaries and disbanded English and Irish troops
> Sophiasburgh Township: Americans who arrived after the Revolution
> Ameliasburgh Township: no specific Loyalist units
> Sidney Township: no specific Loyalist units
> Niagara Region: Butler's Rangers
I'll discuss Loyalist Land Grants, Land Petitions, Rationing Lists and other available records and information on Loyalists in subsequent blog posts.