Parents are being warned that prams and buggies could be causing severe long-term health issues - because those that use them frequently are exposing them to more traffic polulution.
Indeed, new research has found that babies could be breathing in 60% more air pollution than their parents when they are pushed around in their buggies due to the height.
Whilst a number of studies have looked in to how pollution affect children, only a small number have focused on 'in-pram' babies.
Scientists have said that they are extremely worried by their findings.
Speaking to WalesOnline , Professor Prashant Kumar, director of the Global Centre for Clean Air Research at the University of Surrey, who carried out the study, said: "We know that infants breathe in higher amounts of airborne particles relative to their lung size and body weight compared to adults.
"What we have proven here is that the height most children travel at while in a pram increases the likelihood of negative impacts from air pollution when compared to an adult.
"When you also consider how vulnerable they are because of their tissues, immune systems, and brain development at this early stage of their life, it is extremely worrying that they are being exposed to these dangerous levels of pollution."
Ultra fine particles are known to enter the bloodstream via the lungs and accumulate in lymph nodes and brain tissue.
They can cause asthma, allergies and respiratory diseases in children, the researchers said.
But they added that the amount of extra pollution babies in prams breathed in would be lower in areas with less traffic or where pollution was dispersed in other ways, such as with roadside hedges.
The UK's most polluted areas revealed
The following destinations exceeded the limit of 10 micrograms per cubic metre:
- Scunthorpe: 15 (estimate)
- Manchester: 13
- Swansea: 13
- Leeds: 12
- Leicester: 12
- Liverpool: 12
- Nottingham: 12 (estimate)
- Plymouth: 12 (estimate)
- York: 12
- Prestonpans: 12
- Royal Leamington Spa: 12
- Sandy: 12
- Stoke-On-Trent: 12
The study did not look at whether some prams were better or worse for exposure to pollution. The scientists wrote: "A number of studies have assessed the exposure of young children but only a handful have focused on in-pram babies.
"There is clearly a need for further studies to develop diverse datasets for in-pram babies' exposure."
Ways of reducing the risk suggested by the researchers included tighter controls on vehicle emissions, barriers such as road side hedges to shield pedestrians from pollution, and technological innovations that create a "clean air zone" around the child's breathing area.