What strategies do homing pigeons use during ontogeny? P. Jorge 1,2) , L. Vicente 1) & W. Wiltschko 3) ( 1 Centro de Biologia Ambiental – FCUL – Dep. Biologia Animal, Rua Ernesto Vasconcelos, Bloco C2, 3 ◦ piso, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; 3 Fachbereich Biologie und Informatik der J.W. Goethe
, head meristic characters are commonly used in analyses of intraspecific variability, systematics and phylogeny. Taxonomic significance of head scales is based on the assumption that discrete values of particular scales are set at birth and stable during individual ontogeny. In this paper, we analysed
[German Version] The term ontogeny was coined by E. Haeckel in 1866 to denote the development of a living being or organism, considered complete at puberty. In his Biogenetisches Grundgesetz he expressed the view that ontogeny is a recapitulation of phylogeny. But human development cannot be
Behaviour is interested in all aspects of animal (including human) behaviour, from ecology and physiology to learning, cognition, and neuroscience. Evolutionary approaches, which concern themselves with the advantages of behaviour or capacities for the organism and its reproduction, receive much attention both at a theoretical level and as it relates to specific behaviour.
Behaviour has its roots in ethology and behavioural biology (see historical note), in which the emphasis is not so much on how animals compare with humans under strictly controlled conditions (as in comparative psychology), but more on tracing the phylogeny and evolution of natural behaviour as shown under naturalistic or natural conditions. Specialized cognition and communication are part of this approach. Well-controlled laboratory experiments are needed and welcome, but by no means the only approach.
Behaviour has a long tradition of publishing systematic observations of spontaneous behaviour.
Behaviour covers the whole animal kingdom, from invertebrates to fish, and from frogs to primates. The study of animal behaviour remains vibrant and keeps attracting young, talented scientists, who will find
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Behaviour was founded by Nobel Prize winner Niko Tinbergen together with W. H. Thorpe, in 1948. In a classical 1963 paper—dedicated to the 60th birthday of that other animal behaviour Nobelist, Konrad Lorenz—Tinbergen proposed that questions relating to why an animal behaves in a particular way can be viewed through four prisms. At the proximate level, we have 1) the causation of behaviour (its underlying motivation, cognition, and emotions), and 2) the behaviour's ontogeny, such as how it develops or is acquired. At the ultimate level, we have 3) the behavior's survival value, and 4) its evolution and phylogeny.
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be modified over time based on social influences, i.e., social learning (Esser & Schmidt, 1989 ; Knörnschild et al., 2012 ).
Even without social learning being involved, isolation call parameters can change severely throughout ontogeny (e.g., Gelfand & McCracken, 1986 ; Jones et al., 1991 ). In
due to enhanced sibling competition, forced by the experimental chick. Indeed, the control chicks in the first experiment begged more persistently and had higher exploration scores than the control chicks in the between-nests design. Environmental factors during ontogeny modulate the expression of
within each age class. Keywords : Psittaciformes, Aves, vocal communication, ontogeny, development, regional di- alects. Introduction Studies of the vocal behavior of wild parrots can provide a novel perspective on the adaptive significance of vocal communication in birds. Unlike many passerines, vocal
ONTOGENY OF THE ORIENTING-JUMP RESPONSE OF THE RABBIT by M. W. FOX 1) and J. APELBAUM (Galesburg State Research Hospital, Galesburg, Illinois, U.S.A.) (With 1 Figure) (Rec. 25 - II - 1969) INTRODUCTION HEDIGEF (cited by BOURLIERE, 1955) describes a special defensive atti- tude in the young
Animal Biology , Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 209-223 (2003) Ó Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2003. Also available online - www.brill.nl Reproductive modes, ontogenies, and the evolution of body form MARVALEE H. WAKE Department of Integrative Biology, and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of