Multilingualism in India
Debi Prasanna Pattanayak
Multilingual Matters, 1990 - Language Arts & Disciplines - 116 pages
Multilingualism in India is a challenging and stimulating study of the nature and structure of multilingualism in the Indian subcontinent. India, with 1652 mother tongues, between two hundred and seven hundred languages belonging to four language families, written in ten major script systems and a host of minor ones represents multilingualism unparalleled in the democratric world. With four thousand castes and communities and equal number of religious faiths and cults, its multilingualism matches its pluriculturalism.
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achievement ANNAMALAI Bengali bilingual education Census of India characterised cognitive context criteria cultural Dadra & Nagar Delhi dialects different languages districts economic environment ethnic FISHMAN function goals Gujarati Hindi identity ideologies Indian bilingualism Indian languages Indian multilingualism indigenous issues Kannada Kerala Khubchandani Lakshadweep Language Contact language diversity language ecology language planning language planning theory language policy language problems language shift language speakers learner linguistic diversity linguistic minorities linguistically heterogeneous Madhya Pradesh majority Malayalam medium of instruction metalinguistic minority languages Mohanty monolingual mother tongue mother tongue maintenance Mouton multicultural multilingual countries multilingual setting multilingual societies Multilingualism in India Mysore official language Orissa Oriya Pattanayak percentage perspective pluralism political population psychological Punjab regional language scheduled languages scholars second language situation social socialisation sociolinguistic Sociology of Language speech community Srivastava Tamil Nadu Telugu tribal bilingualism tribal communities tribal languages unilingual Urdu