Modeling of the Effects of Surface-Active Elements on Flow Patterns and Weld Penetration
A mathematical model was developed to calculate the transient temperature and velocity distributions in a stationary gas tungsten arc (GTA) weld pool of 304 stainless steels with different sulfur concentrations. A parametric study showed that, depending upon the sulfur concentration, one, two, or three vortexes may be found in the weld pool. These vortexes are caused by the interaction between the electromagnetic force and surface tension, which is a function of temperature and sulfur concentration, and have a significant effect on weld penetration. For given welding conditions, a minimum threshold sulfur concentration is required to create a single, clockwise vortex for deep penetration. When two metals with different sulfur concentrations are welded together, the weld-pool shape is skewed toward the metal with a lower sulfur content. Detailed physical insights on complicated fluid-flow phenomena and the resulting weld-pool penetration were obtained, based on the surface tension-temperature-sulfur concentration relationships.
Y. Wang et al., "Modeling of the Effects of Surface-Active Elements on Flow Patterns and Weld Penetration," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, Springer Verlag, Jan 2001.
The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-001-0017-7
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Article - Journal
© 2001 Springer Verlag, All rights reserved.
01 Jan 2001