This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
Tuberculosis killed one million three
hundred thousand people around the world in two thousand seven. In addition, almost
half a million people who were infected with tuberculosis and with H.I.V. also died.
Those were listed as H.I.V. deaths.
estimated one-third of all people are infected with tuberculosis. But the
body's natural defenses are usually strong enough to prevent an active case. Even
so, the bacteria remain in the body. If the immune system weakens at any point,
they begin to spread and then attack.
bacteria that cause TB usually settle in the lungs. They spread through the air
when the person coughs or sneezes or even sings and talks.
One of the most important things is to
identify cases quickly -- especially drug-resistant cases, which are
increasing. The patients need to be kept away from other people and begin
treatment as soon as possible.
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, or MDR-TB,
will not get better with antibiotics normally used for tuberculosis. So doctors
must use stronger, "second line" drugs when the first ones fail.
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, or XDR-TB, will not respond to any of
those drugs but might still be treatable.
researchers say they have found a much faster way to identify drug-resistant TB.
The study's lead author is Graham Hatfull at the University of Pittsburgh in
Pennsylvania. He says current tests can sometimes take weeks in rural and poor
areas of the world. By that time, the patient may already be dead.
The scientists used viruses called
bacteriophages to speed the process. These viruses attack bacteria. The researchers
injected them with a gene that produces a green glow of light. They also
injected some with first line antibiotics and others with second line drugs.
Then they combined the bacteriophages with TB bacteria.
If the bacteria glow, it means they are drug resistant. The researchers say a
clinic worker could identify the glow with equipment available in many clinics.
Test results would not have to wait for the bacteria to grow in a laboratory
For now, the test itself needs more
testing. But Professor Hatfull is hopeful this will take months and not years.
Researchers from the Albert Einstein College of
Medicine in New York also took part in the study, financed by the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute. The findings appear in the journal PLoS ONE, published by
the Public Library of Science.
that's the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Caty Weaver. I'm Steve