Slide 1: Leadership theories and styles Slide 2: What is Leadership? Slide 3: Leadership has been described as the “process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task” Qualities of a Leader : Qualities of a Leader Slide 5: HELP YOUR PEOPLE TO REALISE THAT WORK CAN BE
PROVIDE CLEAR TARGETS
ASSESS PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVELY
GIVE PRAISE / RECOGNITION - where appropriate
KEEP PEOPLE CONSTANTLY INFORMED
RESPECT YOUR PEOPLE, THEIR FEELINGS
BE WATCHFUL OF WORKING CONDITIONS
INVITE SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS
TRAIN FOR SKILLS IMPROVEMENTS
DEAL WITH GRIEVANCES PROMPTLY Are managers and leaders different? : Are managers and leaders different? YES : YES Slide 10: Types of Leadership Style Slide 11: Dictator or Autocratic
Laissez-Faire (free rein)
Paternalistic Dictator : Dictator Slide 13: A leader who uses fear and threats to get the jobs done.
Do not entertain any suggestions or initiative from subordinates.
Do not trust anybody. Democratic : Democratic Slide 15: Encourages decision making from different perspectives.
Persuasive. Slide 16: Laissez-Faire Slide 17: Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are shared by all.
Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are important.
Relies on good team work.
Relies on good interpersonal relations. Paternalistic : Paternalistic Slide 19: Leader acts as a ‘father figure’.
Paternalistic leader makes decision but may consult.
Believes in the need to support staff. Change Leadership : Change Leadership Slide 21: The most challenging aspect of business is leading and managing change.
The business environment is subject to fast-paced economic and social change.
Modern business must adapt and be flexible to survive.
Problems in leading change stem mainly from human resource management.
Leaders need to be aware of how change impacts on workers. Theories of Leadership : Theories of Leadership Slide 23: Trait theory
Transactional Theory Trait theory : Trait theory Slide 25: Trait theory tries to describe:-
Dominance and personal presence
Ability to formulate a clear vision Behavioural theory : Behavioural theory Imply that leaders can be trained – focus on the way of doing things : Structure based behavioural theories – focus on the leader instituting structures – task orientated
Relationship based behavioural theories – focus on the development and maintenance of relationships – process orientated Imply that leaders can be trained – focus on the way of doing things Contingency theory : Contingency theory Leadership as being more flexible – different leadership styles used at different times depending on the circumstance. : Leadership as being more flexible – different leadership styles used at different times depending on the circumstance. May depend on:
Type of staff
History of the business
Culture of the business
Quality of the relationships
Nature of the changes needed
Accepted norms within the organisation Functional theory : Functional theory Functional leadership theory is a particularly useful theory for addressing specific leader behaviors expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. : Functional leadership theory is a particularly useful theory for addressing specific leader behaviors expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. leader’s main job is to see that whatever is necessary to group needs is taken care of
functional leadership theory has most often been applied to team leadership
Leader need to perform certain functions which help to promote organizational effectiveness such as environmental monitoring, teaching and coaching subordinates, motivating others. Transformational theory : Transformational theory In transformational theory Widespread changes to a business or organisation : In transformational theory Widespread changes to a business or organisation Requires:
Long term strategic planning
Leading by example – walk the walk
Efficiency of systems and processes Transactional Theory : Transactional Theory Slide 35: Focus on the management of the organisation
Focus on procedures and efficiency
Focus on working to rules and contracts
Managing current issues and problems Factors Affecting Style : Factors Affecting Style Leadership style may be dependent on various factors: : Leadership style may be dependent on various factors: Risk
Type of business
How important change is
Nature of the task