The island of Saint Eustatius, called Sint Eustatius in Dutch, is a special municipality within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is located in the Lesser Antilles in the northeastern Caribbean Sea. It lies about 16 miles (26 kilometers) southeast of Saba and 5 miles (8 kilometers) northwest of the island of St. Kitts. Saint Eustatius measures 6 miles (10 kilometers) long and up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) wide. Two extinct volcanoes dominate the island, with a flat central plain separating them. Its capital is Oranjestad.
Saint Eustatius is a poor island, and many of its young people leave to find jobs elsewhere. Although rainfall is meager, every home has its own cistern to catch runoff, and there is some cultivation of onions, yams, and sweet potatoes. Lobsters are caught for export. Tourism is increasingly important, and the waters off the island are popular with divers.
The French and English first colonized the island in 1625. It was taken by the Dutch in 1632 and initially named Nieuw Zeeland before being renamed Saint Eustatius. By 1780 it had become the main focus of the slave trade and of mercantile exchange in the eastern Caribbean. In 1828 Saint Eustatius, together with Saba, formed a colony of the Dutch West Indies. This and the other Dutch dependencies in the region came under collective administration in 1845. In 1954 these dependencies were organized into the Netherlands Antilles, with each of them gaining autonomy in local affairs. In 2006 the people of Saint Eustatius, along with those of the other islands and the government of the Netherlands, agreed to dissolve the Netherlands Antilles; the dissolution occurred on Oct. 10, 2010. Saint Eustatius, like Bonaire and Saba, became a special municipality with close relations with the central government similar to those of municipalities within the Netherlands. Pop. (2009 est.) 2,768.