Moreover, cohesion is "the way certain words or grammatical features of a sentence can connect that sentence to its predecessors and successors in a text. "(Hoey, 1996, p.3). So, cohesive ties are important in organizing, structuring and understanding media discourse. Therefore, this study covers the theory of cohesion which founded by Halliday and Hasan in the written media discourse. Furthermore, there are two kinds of cohesive devices: lexical cohesive devices deal with aspects of vocabulary which link parts of the text together and grammatical cohesive devices focus on the role of grammar in holding texts together.
Pronunciation is the complex process involving a number of Simultaneous operations. It includes not only the skill of producing the individual sound correctly but also the aspects given below. But the pronunciation is not just sound .it includes an understanding and internalization of the rhyme and intonation , which are essential; for effective communication there is the connection between pronunciation and other aspect of language use such as listening, grammar , reading and spelling . Pronunciation conveys the grammatical fornication of the sentences stress and intonation helps the learner and comprehends the grammatical nuances of the
Analytic style tends to pay more attention to the details and procedures. They can establish clear and identifiable formation parts. That is the typical feature of analytical style. In the vocabulary learning, English majors recognize word parts. For example, they are given words, and they must break into parts.
A preverbal message coming from the conceptualiser and entering the formulator is first grammatically encoded and then converted into a speech plan (phonetic plan). This happens by matching the meaning part of a lemma from the lexicon with the semantic information in the preverbal message and then applying the right form, meaning grammatical and phonological rules. In short information from the lexicon is made available in two phases: first through semantic activation and then through form activation. Lemma information of a lexical item includes the conceptual specifications of the item, such as its pragmatic and stylistic conditions, its (morpho-)syntactic information, its syntactic category and grammatical functions, as well as information that is needed for syntactical encoding, such as number, tense, aspect, mood, case and pitch accent. The activation of the lemmas and the relevant syntactic information leads to the formation of the surface structure in form of phonological encoding.
Various experts, researchers, and linguists have attempted to properly address this issue from different perspectives. Since the first ever approach to this complex topic, the contemporary linguists and the theorists of the later period have tried to elaborate the discussion to arrive at a point of common understanding. The only common understanding is that translational equivalence can be described from different approaches. The difficulties and the complexities of this theory make it quite impossible to have a universally acclaimed and agreed
At first glance, the question about what is the language might be strange, because we have been using language extemporarily, unconsciously for centuries ago. Nevertheless, the language is the essence difference between human beings and animals, due to what language offers to humans. It enables them to have a history and live the present as well as for planning for the future. furthermore, it is our major tool to communicate ,express our thoughts and feelings under different circumstances, and it enables us to exchange knowledge, beliefs, and opinions to accomplish a great civilization. However, ordinary language is the daily usage of language by people, whereas literary language is the language used by writers, poets, and literates.
Lado (1957:18) says that language is the system of speech sound by which human beings, communicate with one another. Meanwhile in the dictionary.com divides the meaning of language into some parts which are a body of words and the systems for their use common to a people who are of the same community or nation, the same geographical area, or the same cultural tradition, communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech, any system of formalized symbols, signs, sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived as a means of communicating thought, emotion, etc. Language is important thing for human being because it is a requirement for us to communicate, to interact, to share our ideas and information and also to built up the relationship among the others. In any language, including Indonesian, when we communicate with the people or read the books, we often see the relationship of meaning or semantic relation between a word with another word. The words in a language often have relationships form by chance, in other words, when each was not showing the relationship of meaning.
In linguistic world, “Pragmatics and semantics can be viewed as different parts, or different aspects, of the same general study.” (Charles W, 1998) Actually, pragmatics and Semantics are also study with meaning, but semantics mainly concern the ability of speaker’s in produce or understand meaning of sentence, and pragmatics mainly concerned about the ability of speaker’s in produce or understand meaning of utterances in a specific speech situation or background. Therefore, there is a big difference between study of semantics and pragmatics - “Context”, which means the specific speech situation and background. In definition, context could be classified as three types: linguistics context, situational context and other contextual factors. Linguistic context also known as “co-text”, it mainly related to the background or life experience of the speakers. For example, there may have multiple meanings of a phrase in native language of speaker, then it always happen misunderstand of the speakers think the meaning is widely conscious and explicit, but it is a large extent unconscious and implicit to most hearer in actually.
Hence, these individuals who speak different languages must have different wold views. It is the idea that what one perceives is dependent on the language spoken by the individual person. Linguist Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf are basically known for the popularization of this theory. Therefore it being called the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also known as the Theory of Linguistic Relativity. Their writings state that there is a clear connection between language and thought.
What is phonology?) .Also it can be defined as "Phonology has been defined as the study of sound systems, that is, the study of how speech sounds structure and function in languages. "(M.hyman, L. (1975). Phonology: Theory and analysis).However, Phonology studies significant sounds that calls (Phonemes) and phonemes are meaningful sounds that can