(1370?–1450?). English poet John Lydgate had few peers in his sheer productiveness; 145,000 lines of his verse survive. He was a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer and imitated Chaucer’s style. His reputation was once as high as Chaucer’s, and his work was influential for nearly a century.
Lydgate was born in about 1370 in Lidgate, Suffolk, England, and became a priest in the Benedictine abbey of Bury St. Edmunds in 1397. His only prose work, The Serpent of Division (1422), an account of Julius Caesar, is brief. His poetry ranges from long narratives such as The Troy Book and The Falle of Princis to short poems of just a few lines. Of his longer poems, Reason and Sensuality, translated from a French poem, stands out. Written in about 1408, it is an allegory on the theme of chastity, and it contains fresh and charming descriptions of nature. The Troy Book, begun in 1412 at the command of the prince of Wales, later Henry V, and finished in 1421, is a rendering of Guido delle Colonne’s Historia troiana. It was followed by The Siege of Thebes, in which the main story is drawn from a lost French romance, embellished by features from the works of Giovanni Boccaccio.
Between 1431 and 1438 Lydgate was occupied with The Falle of Princis. He translated it into Chaucerian rhymes from a French version of Boccaccio’s work. He also wrote love allegories such as The Complaint of the Black Knight and The Temple of Glass, saints’ lives, versions of Aesop’s fables, and both religious and secular lyrics. He died at Bury St. Edmunds in about 1450.