Literature review on domestic violence
The act aims to increase the safety of domestic violence victims by providing the police with enormous power to approach and deal with domestic violence in better ways, establishing a new offence called “familial homicide” which provides the power of arrest for minor offences of common assault and linking some criminal and civil remedies (women’s aid) and for the criminal justice, there is a statutory code of practice to ensure they provide support and protection to victims of domestic violence (applegate, 2006). The government provides some of these elements by implementing local domestic violence conventions where the police, social services, housing services, probation, health services, legal professionals, and many other voluntary agencies gather and work together to tackle domestic violence at local level (matczak et al, 2011).
Around the same time in britain, a husband had absolute power to chastisement his wife in order to implement domestic discipline (icadv, 1999). 1970s brought three vital items of legislations, the domestic violence & matrimonial proceedings act 1976, which provide the police with powers of arrest for the breach of injunction in cases of domestic violence and allowed women to obtain the right to stay at the matrimonial home, the domestic proceedings & magistrates’ courts act 1978, which amend the use of injunctions to prevent further violence in the home and the law relating to matrimonial proceedings in magistrates’ courts and the housing (homeless persons) act 1977, which refers to persons who are homeless or threatened with homelessness which helped domestic violence victims with re-housing (uk legislations).
1986, the home office published the first circular regarding domestic violence called “violence against women” which made it clear that it was obligatory for the police to ensure the safety of women and children at domestic deputes (applegate, 2006) but it wasn’t until 1992 that both the home office circular 60/1990 and the association of chief probation officers declared domestic violence to be a crime, given law enforcement agencies the power to punish the abuser (kury & smartt, 2006). Interestingly, it also includes violence between intimate couples who are not necessarily married or who are the opposite r area of research that has received a great deal of attention is information regarding the specific type of relationship that is generally involved in domestic violence.
A research and literature review protection and accountability: the reporting, investigation and prosecution of domestic violence cases [online]. Of domestic ic violence has existed for many years and has very long historical roots and it has been establish in the inequality between men and women in society (hague and malous, 1998).
Although domestic violence may include various types of combinations of victims, the majority of the literature review that discusses it limits its focus on violence against women committed by men within the context of marriage, or in other words, spousal violence. The government is fully committed to tackle domestic violence in the united kingdom in every possible way by allowing violence and abuse to be treated seriously by courts and the criminal justice system (summers & hoffman, 2002).
Was not until 2005 when the domestic violence crime and victims act 2004 was introduced, that put some of these issues addressed by the criminal law and when some changes to the policy where actually made. There has been considerable changes in the national policy of domestic violence in the united kingdom in the past 30 years (matczak et al, 2001) made by the local government authorities which began to undertake and develop actions on domestic violence, and it was all mainly in response to the high demand from groups and non-governmental organisations (ngos) for the housing, social services and court and police protection for domestic violence victims (ashworth).
There have been implementations of local domestic conventions and domestic violence units as well as many multi-agencies that work together to tackle domestic violence and changes in legislation and police policy, there are still some major concerns of how domestic violence is being dealt 2012, around 1. However, it started in small local female groups in the united kingdom, aiming to campaign similar private problems they all shared ( ) such as equal rights in employment, education, public and private lives and of course campaigning against rape and domestic violence (cree, 2008) and it was then when domestic violence started to emerge as a significant issue, being recognised as a major social problem needing for political response and remedies (summers & hoffman, 2002).
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These reasons, in september 2013, the home secretary has commissioned her majesty’s inspectorate of constabulary (hmic) to carry out an inspection into how police forces are responding to domestic violence and the review will be exanimating the performance of all forces around england and wales and report back to the home office in april the meantime, chapter 2. The purpose of this literature review is to organize and synthesize the interdisciplinary empirical research on pregnancy-related violence and to provide direction for both researchers and practitioners for future work in this : 15006296 doi: 10.
Psychological and emotional violence are common forms of domestic violence as well (lowenstein, 2005) and therefore the government has widened the definition of domestic violence to cover psychological intimidation and controlling behaviour and at the same time, recognising that domestic violence occurs in younger people’s intimate relationships (walker and gavin, 2011), applying to victims under the age of 18 as well:“any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are, or have been, intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality”. Unlike in some jurisdictions from other countries such as the united states, there is no specific offence of domestic violence in the united kingdom, instead, there are a variety of criminal offences including sexual and physical assault, harassment offences and the crimes related to homicide, which can be applied in a case of domestic violence (paradine & wilkinson, 2004).
A custom research paper on any online teed quality -time delivery via ential & masters - showing students how to write quality research papers for over 19 masters custom research papers on literature review on domestic masters writes custom research papers on a literature review on domestic violence nd examine the research of domestice abuse throughout the order paper faqs e-mail us. Violence and abuse is not regarded of age, class, wealth, education, gender, race or any other determinant.
Defining domestic violence can be very difficult, as it is a broad term used to describe a range of behaviours and has a multiplicity of meanings to different people in different contexts (burton, 2008). In 1993 the crown prosecution service, published a comprehensive guide for all staff to be able to deal with domestic violence cases adequately even is a victim decides to withdraw the request for prosecution which tends to happen occasionally as a result of intimidation or fear by the abuser (ashworth).
Million women suffered domestic abuse, over 400,000 women were sexually assaulted, less than 1 in 4 suffered abuse from their partners (home office, 2013) and on average, two women are being killed a week by a partner or former partner (caada, 2013). The government’s strategy to tackle domestic violence is based on three elements; prevention, protection and justice, and support (blunkett, 2003).
That time, there was no laws to criminalize violence against wives regardless of such assaults being included within the 1861 offences against the person act, the judges did very little and sometimes did nothing to address chastisement of wives (summers & hoffman, 2002, p. The police have been majorly criticised for failing to respond to domestic violence properly by not recording incidents as crimes (paradine & wilkinson, 2004) with a 30% of domestic violence incidents reported to the police but not taken into actions and only 4% of reported incidents resulting in a conviction (women’s aid) and they have been also criticised for not making arrests and failing to enforce civil injunctions (paradine & wilkinson, 2004).
To clipboardadd to collectionsorder articlesadd to my bibliographygenerate a file for use with external citation management comment in pubmed commons belowtrauma violence abuse. Will be looking at the reporting and non-reporting of incidents and how the police is responding to domestic incidents after the establishment of domestic violence units were introduced across the country, and assess the changes in police policy and practice over the past years including the ‘pro-arrest’ policy which aims to reduce the number of domestic violence cases discontinued by the police or the crown prosecution service (hoyle & sanders, 2000).
S aid was also developed as a result of the women's liberation movement and as all women gathered together, the big concern of violence at home as well as other types of abuse, including sexual abuse became highlighted. Before women’s aid, the organisation was the first women's aid federation which was set up in 1974, to provide practical and emotional support as part of the different services available to women and children experiencing violence (women’s aid).