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The ability to scale the management of data, to better categorise, find and share data across departments, disciplines and teams is becoming essential in modern design environments.
The technical limitations (what is and is not allowed in a file name) of different operating systems relies on their chosen method of storing data. This does not mean the physical hardware, but rather a filesystem, such as FAT32, NTFS, exFAT, etc.
Each of these systems has different limitations on file names, for instance some may differentiate between upper and lower case letters, others may not. Each operating system will have detailed documentation explaining which characters are permitted.
Aside from the technical limitations on file naming, there are ways to name files to enable easy manipulation of data. It would be advisable to ensure file naming is BS1192 compliant. This would result in the following naming convention – details of which can be found in the relevant standard:
However, even if the relevant standard is not followed rigorously (as may be the case where interaction with other disciplines is minimal, or name limits are encountered) the file name should contain the following elements:
A useful format for dates is reverse size order (YYMMDD) which means folders ordered by name will always be listed in ascending or descending chronological order.
Ideally, a changelog (as described below) should also be provided to allow tracking of changes when the software itself does not have this capability.
Sensible folder structures
It is better to reduce the number of folders in a folder structure to around three or four levels at most. The most pertinent technical reason is because of file name lengths which can cause errors indicating that the file name has exceeded the allowed limit. This is most often related to the folder structure rather than the file itself.
In software development, versioning and collaborative working is usually based on a framework called ‘Git’. Files are downloaded locally, modified before being ‘staged’ and then ‘committed’ back to the server they originated from.
The system allows for branching of different versions with different code bases and is completely auditable – with the ability to revert changes within a branch. ‘Commits’ are required to have descriptive names in order to prevent the problems often encountered when a strict naming convention is not enforced, ie a folder full of ‘file_update 1’ file_update 2, ‘file_new version(2)’, etc.
While there are projects currently attempting to implement such a system for structural models, drawings, etc. they are not yet mature enough for everyday use.
Whilst these systems are being developed, engineers should try to maintain a sensible structure for versioning, facilitated by naming structures as described previously to permit easy differentiation between versions.
A changelog is a file (usually plain text) that details the changes in a particular version of a file or program. They are often seen on websites or as a text file / message when installing an update to a program.
Changelogs include details of the latest software alteration, appended to the list of previous amendments allowing alterations to be tracked through versions of a model.
Structural models may be changed significantly between revisions, and it is good practice to note what these changes are, why they have occurred and who has made them.
Even if a single person is working on a particular model, changes can often be forgotten, resulting in potentially inaccurate results. This is especially true for cases where a single person has worked on a model for a significant amount of time.
It may not be practical to note down every single change between versions in exacting detail. If 50 nodes have been moved by a fraction of a distance, there is seldom significant change in the model or the outputs.
However, if a loading condition has changed, a load combination, members or releases removed or added, etc., these should be noted in a changelog to allow easy interrogation of results or comparison between different options within a structural scheme.
Guidance for structural engineers on the use of structural and semi-structural adhesives (with a polymetric matrix) and the behaviour of adhesive joints used in structural applications.
Best practice guidance for bridge owners/operators, contractors, utility companies and structural designers considering the performance, function, serviceability and maintenance of new or replacement bridge access gantries.
Essential information for Event Organisers, Venue Owners, Local Authorities, Contractors, Suppliers and 'Competent persons', on the procurement, design and use of temporary demountable structures, including: grandstands; stages; fabric structures, hospitality units and fencing/barriers.