By Jane Long
In what methods did gender impact the form of poverty, and of bad women's paintings, in Victorian England? This e-book explores the problem within the context of nineteenth-century Northumberland, studying city and rural stipulations for ladies, terrible reduction debates and practices, philanthropic task, working-class cultures, and `protective' intervention in women's employment. the best way cultural codes have been developed round ladies, either via those that saw and imagined them and by way of the ladies themselves, is investigated, including different similar modern discourses. whereas taking a look heavily on the north-eastern context, the book's broader issues have vital implications for debates inside feminist heritage and thought. the writer argues all through that shut consciousness to the hyperlinks among fabric stipulations and cultural representations of girls either illuminates the complex dynamics of working-class femininity and forces a reappraisal of the gendered nature of poverty itself in Victorian lifestyles and mind's eye.
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Additional info for Conversations in Cold Rooms: Women, Work and Poverty in Nineteenth-Century Northumberland (Royal Historical Society Studies in History New Series)
While the 'problems' of the period such as poverty and women's labour may have seemed to cry out for 'solution', on what terms were solutions to be forged, and upon what understandings were they to be based? How could the poorer section of society be 'raised', taken out of 'cold rooms' where poverty and the tasks of 'making ends meet' confronted people on a day-to-day basis, and brought instead into the warmer, lighter, bustling world of Victorian productivity and 'progress'? Reformers may have recommended various solutions in the long-term; in the meantime, the 'problems' continued to exist and had to be conceptualised and accommodated somehow, however uncomfortably, in Victorian bourgeois consciousness.
The nature of the working class, and the shape of the family and 'femininity', also figured prominently in discussions of social and moral reform. Yet, as was the case with poverty, discussions of the working class, and the nature of 'woman' both within and outside it were diverse in their nature. 1 Yet whatever the lines of dissent or agreement about the poor, and about working-class femininity, whether these subjects stimulated pity, revulsion, fear or sympathy, they were all usually dealt with by writers and observers at some distance, and with some ambivalence.
51. 12 Raphael Samuel, 'Soft-focus nostalgia', New Statesman, 27 May 1983, special supplement, p. ii. 13 See Hilda Scott, Working your way to the bottom: the feminization of poverty, London 1984. 14 Oren, 'Welfare of women', 240. 15 Stated generally, the thesis argued that a trend was being revealed in which both the proportion of women experiencing poverty was increasing, and the risk of women becoming and remaining poor in future was rising in association. Bettina Cass cautioned, however, that feminisation should not be seen as a recent phenomenon, but as 'a recently recognised phenomenon': 'The changing face of poverty in Australia, 19721982', Australian Feminist Studies i (1985), 6789.
Conversations in Cold Rooms: Women, Work and Poverty in Nineteenth-Century Northumberland (Royal Historical Society Studies in History New Series) by Jane Long