Face-to-face bullying is far more common than cyberbullying among youth and should be the main focus of prevention programmes, according to an expert.
Psychologist Dan Olweus, of the University of Bergen, in Norway, said his findings in several large-scale studies challenge the widespread belief that cyberbullying is the major problem.
"Claims by the media and researchers that cyberbullying has increased dramatically and is now the big school-bullying problem are largely exaggerated," Olweus said in an APA news release. "There is very little scientific support to show that cyberbullying has increased over the past five to six years, and this form of bullying is actually a less frequent phenomenon."
How the study was done
His study of about 450 000 US students in grades three to 12 found that 18% of students said they had been verbally bullied and about 5% said they had been cyberbullied. About 10% said they had verbally bullied others and 3% said they had cyberbullied others.
In another study of 9 000 Norwegian students in grades four to 10, Olweus found that 11% said they had been verbally bullied, 4% had been cyberbullied, 4% had verbally bullied others, and 1% had cyberbullied others.
Other studies showed that 80% to 90% of students who were cyberbullied also experienced traditional forms of bullying such as verbal and physical abuse, as well as being the subject of false, hurtful rumours.
"These results suggest that the new electronic media have actually created few 'new' victims and bullies," Olweus said. "To be cyberbullied or to cyberbully other students seems to a large extent to be part of a general pattern of bullying where use of electronic media is only one possible form, and a form with low prevalence."
He noted that children targeted by cyberbullying can experience depression, anxiety, poor self-esteem and suicidal thoughts.
All bullying has consequences
"However, it is difficult to know to what extent these problems actually are a consequence of cyberbullying itself," Olweus said. "As we've found, this is because the great majority of cyberbullied children and youth are also bullied in traditional ways, and it is well documented that victims of traditional bullying suffer from the bad treatment they receive."
"Nonetheless, there are some forms of cyberbullying - such as having painful or embarrassing pictures or videos posted - which almost certainly have negative effects," he added. "It is therefore important also to take cyberbullying seriously both in research and prevention."
Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, the data and conclusions should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Cyberbullies: Is your child safe?
The Nemours Foundation offers parents tips to help children deal with bullies.
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