Hugo Grotius (Grotius Hugo)( Dutch jurist, founder of modern international law.)
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Biography Hugo Grotius (Grotius Hugo)
Was born in Delft (The Netherlands) in an old, respected family April 10, 1583. In childhood marked by an extraordinary ability. In fifteen years struck French court wit and erudition, King Henry IV called him a 'Dutch miracle'. With eleven years Grotius studied classical literature and philosophy at Leiden University, University of Orleans in 1599 awarded him the degree of Doctor of Laws. Admitted to practice law in 16 years, he never was not involved in. In 1607-1613 held the important post of Treasurer General of the provinces Holland, Zeeland and Friesland, and was then pensionariem the city council of Rotterdam. Was involved in a confrontation between orthodox Calvinists and Protestants-dissidents. Along with the great pensionariem Jan Oldenbarneveltom and two other activists were detained in 1618 and sentenced to life imprisonment.
In 1621 Grotius, with his wife, Maria van Regersberg, daughter of Mayor Vera, escaped from the fortress Loevestein France. Here he wrote several books on religion and the right, . including the famous treatise on the truth of the Christian religion (De Veritate Religionis Christianae, . 1627; still in the fortress was written by the original Dutch text: Bewijs van den waren Godsdienst) and Introduction to the Dutch jurisprudence (Inleydinge tot de Hollandsche Rechts-geleertheyt, . 1631),
. In 1631 he returned to Rotterdam, but was forced to leave the country and settled in Sweden, was appointed the Swedish ambassador in Paris in 1634. Nothing is not showing himself in office, has asked the Swedish government to resign. Returning to Sweden, Grotius visited Rotterdam and Amsterdam, where he found an enthusiastic reception. Swedish Queen Christina also helped him homage, though not requested a new post. Grotius was forced to leave Sweden, but on the way to Holland, his ship was wrecked, the effects of which Grotius two days later died in Rostock on August 28, 1645
. In his great work On the Law of War and Peace (De Jure Belli ac Pacis, . 1625), . Grotius as a young man wrote a treatise on the right to prey (De Jure Praedae), . one chapter, entitled On the open sea (De Mare Libero) was published in 1609,
. The rest of the manuscript was lost and found again in 1864. In this work, Grotius discusses the notion of 'human community' (societas humana), including all of humanity. In his treatise On the Law of War and Peace his theory of international law based on the same idea of human society as the legal community, . obeying 'the peoples' right' (jus gentium), . which, . in turn, . based on natural law, . common to all people and nations,
. Treatise Grotius was a huge success came in 1775 to 77 editions of this work, mostly in Latin but also in Dutch, French, German, English and Spanish.