Tread, shoulder, sidewall, bead, carcass, belt, inner liner, and other components are structurally connected to complete the scientific structure of a tire.
The inner liner substitutes for the tube in the tires interior, consisting of a layer of rubber with superior airtight qualities which maintains air inside the tire. The rubber generally consists of butyl, a synthetic rubber or a polyisoprene type.
The breaker is a cord layer placed in-between the tread and carcass in a bias tire to protect the carcass absorbing external shock and preventing splintering or injury to the tread from coming into direct contact with the carcass. The belt is a strong reinforcement layer located in the circumference between the tread and carcass in radial and belt tires. It’s functions are similar to those of the breaker whilst also reinforcing the strength of the tread by firmly tightening the carcass.
The tread consists of a thick layer of rubber which comes into direct contact with the road surface. It is highly resistant to fracture and shock in order to protect the carcass and belt located in the tires interior. Rubber with strong anti-inner abrasion features is used to increase the tires driving lifespan.
Located between the tread and sidewall the shoulder is made up of the thickest layer of rubber in the entire tire, making it easy to dispel heat that is accumulated inside the tire whilst driving.
Located between the tires shoulder and bead the sidewall protects the carcass and increases ride-ability with its flexible extension and contraction movements. This part of the tire also contains a great deal of information such as the tire type, standard, structure, pattern, manufacturing company and brand name.
The carcass is the framework of the tire, the most important part. Referring to all layers made up of tire cord where internal air pressure, weight and shock are absorbed.
The bead wraps around the end of the cord and fixes the tire to the rim. It is made up of various parts including the bead wire, core, rubber and flipper. In general the rim is slightly tightened so in the case of sudden reduction of air pressure whilst driving the tire will not become unfastened from the rim.