Flashcards in Motor Control & Motor Learning (Exam 2) Deck (37):
The ability to maintain and change posture and movement, is the result of a complex set of neurologic and mechanical processes.
Study of nature and cause of movement.
Performed with context of an environment. How do people walk?
Essential to action and vice versa.
Attention, motivation, and emotional aspects that underlie the establishment of intent or goals.
Need all 3 for the nature of MC.
Action, Perception, Cognition
Highest level of control.
Basic unit of movement in the motor control model.
Postural tonic reflexes
Phasic primitive reflexes
Simplest reflexes, occur at the spinal cord level. Occur early in the life span of an infant.
Associated with the brain stem of the CNS. Produce changes in muscle tone and posture. Most of these reflexes are integrated by 4-6 months.
Complex postural responses that continue to be present in adulthood. Involve head and trunk; provide body with automatic way to respond to movement within and outside body's BOS.
Righting and Equilibrium Reactions
Random movements. Example: Random movements.
Maintenance of a posture. Example: Quadruped.
Movement with a posture. Example: Sit to stand.
Movement from one posture to another. Example: Creeping or Walking
During the action, making changes right then.
After the error is detected.
Learning new skill or relearning old skill as a whole activity.
Stage I: Cognition/Acquisition
Allowing patient to practice and self-correct is also important during this stage. Giving time to self-correct before offering feedback is important to learning.
Stage 1: Cognition/Acquisition
Patients can run the program with in specific environmental constraints. Decrease in error during activity. Less effort required for performance. Example: One surface
Stage 2: Associative/Refinement
Patient moves to a variety of different environments and retains control of the whole program. Example: Any surface.
Stage 3: Autonomous Stage/Retention
Which skill is harder open or closed?
Based upon sensory responses inherent to the patient's body as part of the desired movement.
Based upon outside source of providing feedback. Independence is not learned until patient can self-correct using intrinsic feedback.
Uses sensory system such as therapist's voice.
KP or Knowledge of Performance
Informs a patient as to whether task is accomplished or how close the movement comes to accomplishing task.
KR or Knowledge of Results
Immediate behavioral performance, will learn to rely on external feedback.
3 Schedules of External Feedback
Summed, Faded, Bandwidth
Feedback after a set number of trials.
Initially feedback after every trial, then decreasing to every other trial, every third, every fourth, etc.