Elijah is a remarkable statement of faith. Graven images have
distracted the people of Zion, and Elijah shows them the true God. Christians
have monopolized the oratorio, especially in Britain, but fundamentally
Elijah reflects something even deeper in Mendelssohn’s spirit.
Although Mendelssohn was a devout Lutheran, he never denied nor denigrated his
Jewish roots. Elijah’s God isn’t Jesus but the stern God of the Old
Testament. St Paul was written to please Mendelssohn’s father, but
Elijah springs from deeper sources. This gives the oratorio an
undercurrent of grit which draws from the composer some of his most passionate,
powerful music. No wonder Berlioz and Wagner were jealous and did all they
could to destroy Mendelssohn’s reputation. The damage lasts still. One
antidote is to listen toElijah and think about how he conveys its
Paul McCreesh conducted the Gabrieli Consort and Players. This was an
inspired choice, as McCreesh and his orchestra are specialists in period
performance, and have attempted to recreate something close to the 1847
Birmingham premiere of this work, so we can imagine its impact at the time. The
early music sensibility is useful, too, because it brings Elijah
closer to Handel and Bach, who were Mendelssohn’s own musical gods, and
who are quoted in the score. The leaner period sound may be why the oratorio
initially appealed not to Establishment High Church tastes but to the rise of
the middle class in early Victorian times. McCreesh’s decision to
“reclaim” Elijah from very Late Victorian practice is significant,
for it connects to a time when Nonconformist Dissent was part of British
Christianity, and choral performance an expression of such social values.
Because this Elijah goes back to the fundamentals, it’s strikingly
“modern” in the sense that it confronts dilemmas we still face today, like
identity, beliefs and integrity.
Orchestrally, this BBC Proms performance was wonderful. Instruments like
serpents, originally used in warfare to scare the enemy — baroque fantasy put
to practical use. Slide trumpets which still sound natural and relatively
unpitched. Goatskin timpani. The Royal Albert Hall Organ restricted to period
stops and pipes. Two ophicleides augment the brass, and a magnificent
contrabass ophicleides, known as the “Monstre” for obvious reasons. This
period sensibility is not merely historic affectation. In the Bible, Elijah is
a wild man of the desert who stands up to those who worship Baal, who seems to
represent consumption and corruption. The orchestra thus connects to Elijah’s
spartan defiance, and thus has more authenticity than more elaborate
instrumentation. Furthermore, McCreesh’s musicians play as if they’re
evoking ancient Hebrew instruments. Mendelssohn probably wouldn’t have heard
Jewish liturgical music, but he had observant relatives, and was musician
enough to intuit how instruments depicted in Bible pictures might have sounded.
Mendelssohn is reaffirming his Jewish heritage discreetly but firmly. McCreesh
and the Gabrieli’s prove the power of period practice.
The singers of the Gabrieli Consort were augmented by the forces of the
Wrocław Philharmonic Choir, with whom they’ve co-operated before, and four youth
choirs. Exceptionally precise singing — not a word muffled, despite the size
of the Royal Albert Hall. Conducting this many singers at once is difficult,
but here they were so well drilled, that no-one fluffed an entry. Perfect
co-ordination, but even better, great enthusiasm and committment.
Perhaps it’s because the music is so “singable”. When the people call
out to Baal, their calls are met by silence. These singers seem to listen!
Blocks of male and female voices alternate and interweave. “Thanks be to God!
He laveth the thirsty Land!”, the voices sing. Mendelssohn builds into the
wild cross-currents images of wind and rain, thundering into parched ground.
There are so many exquisite passages, it’s hard to pick out the most
beautiful. “He, watching over Israel, slumbers not, nor sleeps” for
example, where the words “slumbers not nor sleeps” repeat in lovely tender
patterns. Such delicacy from such a huge chorus. The final “and then shall
your light shine forth” was a glorious apotheosis. Elijah has ascended to
Heaven in a fiery chariot.
Although the five soloists naturally take the foreground, it’s the
magnificent background of the choruses that make Elijah the monument
it is. In this Prom, there were three hundred voices, creating a wonderful
opulent sheen. These are the “people of Israel” after all, for whom Elijah
sacrifices himself, so it’s utterly appropriate. Poised between soloists and
massed choir are sub-groups like the double quartet, the quartet and an
exceptionally good trio. “Lift up thine eyes to the mountains”, this group
sings “whence cometh help”. They’re so clean and pure, they really do
sound like angels.
Of these 300 voices, 181 are the voices of children from four youth choirs
who participate in the Gabrieli’s Youth Coaching Project. This is an
important part of the Gabrieli mission. Even though young voices break, by
being involved, the singers learn the physical joy of singing and appreciate
music better whatever they might go on to do in life. Singing is a community
experience, and enhances life. These young voices are so well trained that
there’s no lapse in standards. Indeed, their freshness adds excitement to the
Simon Keenlyside sing Elijah. This is the key part, on which the whole
oratorio hangs, and is the only one treated as a single “character”.
Keenlyside is good, though he’s not quite as forceful as Terfel,
Fischer-Dieskau or Goerne, but he’s clear and purposeful. His recitatives,
“It is enough, O Lord” and “O Lord, I have laboured in vain” could have
been more heart rending, because they show Elijah as human and vulnerable, but
Keenlyside keeps them “English” and understated, which is perhaps more apt
in an English context. Rosemary Joshua sings the soprano parts and Sarah
Connolly the mezzo parts. Both were very convincing, though I’m imprinted
with Gwyneth Jones and Janet Baker. Robert Murray had some tricky moments but
was better in the Obadiah passages. Jonty Ward sang the Youth. It’s a
beautifully written sequence where Mendelssohn contrasts the anxiety of the
crowd with the pure, ringing tones of the Youth rising from silence. “It is
nothing”, he sings three times. Then Elijah begs God for a sign, and the
Youth beholds a cloud rising from the waters. It’s the incoming hurricane.
The long drought is broken. The music explodes, like a storm, the choirs
singing in tumult.
All BBC Proms are broadcast online, on demand and internationally for seven
days after the live performance, and on subsequent occasions. To access the
broadcast of this Prom 58, Mendelssohn Elijah, please follow this link. Please also
visit the Gabrieli Consort website, where
there’s a lot about the performance and those to come (Poland and
Mendelssohn’s own Leipzig Gewandhaus on 16th September). A privately-funded
recording is in the offing — for details read the Gabrieli Consort site.