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This unit builds upon the middle school Earth and Space Science strand (beginning in grade 6), sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks are introduced, rocks and minerals are tested and classified, plate tectonics, seismic waves and the structure of Earth are studied, and the geologic record is found (including uniformitarianism, superposition, cross-cutting relationships and the evidence of climatic variances through Earth’s history). In the middle school Life Science strand, fossils and depositional environments are included as they relate to the documented history of life in the geologic record. In the physical science syllabus support for radiometric dating, seismic waves, thermal energy, pressure and gravity are presented.
At the high school level, the long-term history of Earth and the analysis of the evidence from the geologic record (including fossil evidence) must be investigated. Using actual sections of the geologic record to interpret, compare and analyze can demonstrate the changes that have occurred in Ohio, in North America and globally.
The emphasis for this unit is to explore the geologic record and the immensity of the geologic record. The analysis of data and evidence found in the variety of dating techniques (both absolute and relative), the complexity of the fossil record, and the impact that improving technology has had on the interpretation and continued updating of what is known about the history of Earth must be investigated. Geologic principles are essential in developing this level of knowledge. These principles must be tested and experienced through modeling, virtually, field studies, research and in-depth investigation.