Chocolate can cause very serious health problems for dogs and can be just as toxic for cats. According to the ASPCA, chocolate is the #1 “people food” that pets ingest. This article will explain why chocolate is so dangerous for pets, give the warning signs, and explain what to do if you suspect chocolate poisoning. What makes chocolate so deadly?
Theobromine: A Toxic-to-Pets Ingredient
Theobromine is the main reason chocolate is so harmful to your pet’s system. Theobromine is a toxic alkaloid stimulant akin to caffeine (they are chemically similar) that is found naturally in cocoa beans and thus in chocolate. The concentration of theobromine varies by the amount of cocoa used in the chocolate: dark chocolate and baker’s chocolate contain the most dangerous levels, but even white chocolate can cause problems for your pet.
Theobromine is a toxic compound, and the reason dogs and cats are so sensitive is because their bodies metabolize it more slowly than human bodies do, so a toxic dose can build up faster in their smaller systems. It can take your dog around 17 hours to completely excrete this chemical.
Dogs are more commonly affected by chocolate poisoning because they are more drawn to the sweet taste and thus tend to eat larger quantities than cats. But the compound is dangerous to both dogs and cats.
TIP: Some gourmet dog products use carob as a chocolate “substitute.” In limited doses, carob safely provides the sweetness dogs seek out in chocolate without any of the health concerns. Carob does not contain theobromine or caffeine.
Too Much Fat and Sugar
Although candies like white chocolates and filled chocolates might come with lower risk of a theobromine overdose, the high sugar and fat content can still lead to diarrhea and even to mild or acute pancreatitis. A severely inflamed or swollen pancreas can require medical treatment.
Symptoms of Chocolate Poisoning
If you suspect your pet may have ingested chocolate, seek veterinary treatment immediately. Signs of chocolate poisoning include:
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This information is for informational purposes only and is not meant as a substitute for the professional advice of, or diagnosis or treatment by, your veterinarian. It has however been reviewed for accuracy by Dr. Joe, a board certified veterinary nutritionist and graduate of Cornell University's program for Veterinary Medicine.