During stress the process of autophagy is upscaled and increased. Cellular stress is caused when there is deprivation of nutrients or of growth factors. Autophagy is seen in all systems including fungi, plants, fruit flies, rodents, insects and humans.
Depletion of some essential amino acids have been known to induce autophagy; however the effects of each individual amino acid differ. The Insulin hormone suppresses autophagy in many ways. For example liver autophagy is suppressed by insulin and enhanced by gluĂ§agon
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