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Having built a greenhouse on our own site, each of us has repeatedly thought about how to extend its useful life and get the most out of it. In spring and summer, when weather conditions make it possible to grow a variety of crops indoors without artificial sources of heat, we rejoice at the good harvest obtained due to labor and time costs. But this is not enough if you decide to organize a winter greenhouse.
Any all-weather greenhouse design requires proper heating, about the methods of which we will tell in our next article.
In autumn and winter, as well as at the beginning of spring, when not only the soil, but also the air remains cold for a long time, it is really difficult to grow anything in the greenhouse. The heating of the structure gives us the opportunity to grow plants and get fruits in the cold season, independently regulate the periods of harvesting, and also increase profits if the greenhouse is used for commercial purposes. There are plenty of ways to heat greenhouses and hotbeds. It remains only to choose the right and the most practical one, connect the system correctly and learn how to use it. In this case, you can count on a good harvest and its constant growth.
How to warm a greenhouse in winter
The question is complex, laborious and expensive, but if you look from the other side and correctly assess the situation, there is always the opportunity to find ways to simplify the task. So, let's take a closer look at modern heating methods that summer residents choose to heat greenhouses.
This is the most common and cheapest way, which does not at all cost the purchase of special equipment. It is enough to install the greenhouse in a sunny place and equip it with a suitable cover, for example ordinary glass. However, solar heating is not considered suitable for all structures, especially in the cold season. Even in spring and autumn in greenhouses with similar heating at night, a significant decrease in air and soil temperatures is observed, which undoubtedly affects the condition and life of greenhouse plants.
Therefore, the method is not suitable for use in winter and it must be combined with other, more effective methods, which will be discussed below.
This type of heating is that heat is released due to the decomposition of organic substances as a result of the vital activity of various microorganisms. In this case, the heat is completely enough for the growing season. Also, the air inside the greenhouse is enriched with carbon dioxide, which is necessary for plants. At the same time, evaporation also occurs, which helps to moisten the soil, due to which you can even reduce the amount of watering. Since ancient times, horse manure has been used to organize this type of heating. However, this method cannot be used in a single embodiment when heating winter greenhouses - the amount of heat generated will, of course, be insufficient.
Electrical systems are considered the most popular and quite effective, and therefore are used most often. Amateurs and professionals, people who grow crops for their own needs, and commercial figures, use various types of electric heating: heat guns, convectors, special heating mats and electric cables. Often there are more professional systems that are equipped with special sensors and modes, which not only facilitates the work, but also significantly increases its efficiency. The list of appliances and electric heating systems includes a whole set of ways to increase or normalize the temperature in a greenhouse or greenhouse:
- Convectors and convection systems. Everything is simple here. Indoors, appliances equipped with heating spirals are installed. Due to convection air flows, the entire greenhouse warms up almost uniformly. The disadvantages are the complicated modernization of devices in a more reasonable system and insufficient heating of the soil.
- Heaters. Portable heat fans, which are compact and low cost, are also ready to help with heating. Evenly distributing warm air throughout the entire volume of the greenhouse, the heaters not only increase the temperature, but also dry the air (this is considered a drawback of the heating device). Also, with its help, you can provide the necessary circulation of cold air inside the room, simply by turning off the heating mode. Most often, such devices are equipped with temperature regulators, thanks to which you have the opportunity to adjust the necessary microclimate.
- Cable heating. This method is considered not very costly, but quite effective, so it is used by many. It consists in laying in the ground a cable and tape of a certain power. This can be done around the entire perimeter of the beds or even to lay the cable system in the outer walls of the greenhouse, which will limit the penetration of cold inside. Before installation, it is worth choosing the right temperature regime so as not to overheat the root system and not cause unintentional injuries to plants.
- Water heating. We attributed this method to electric, since it is with the help of electricity that water is heated. This system is universal, since it is able to heat air and soil at the same time - it all depends on the design features. But it has a method and disadvantages, which boil down to mandatory installation by qualified specialists, the total cost, as well as constant monitoring of the system.
- Infrared heating. Perhaps one of the most interesting ways. Using a properly designed and tuned system, you can not heat the air in the room, which is quite a lot inside, but directly the location of the plants. That is, the plants themselves, their personal space, as well as the soil from which they draw vitality. Also infrared heating heats the structure itself - walls and floor, - which works only to the benefit, since the possibility of sudden temperature changes is excluded. An undoubted advantage of the method is the mandatory installation in the “smart home” system, which greatly facilitates operation. Now you can easily set the microclimate necessary for plants, heating limit, cut-off threshold, economy mode and so on.
- Heat pump heating. Not the most popular, but very effective heating system. By installing a heat pump inside the greenhouse, you can recycle natural energy into heat. Air-to-air, water-to-water, water-to-water and ground-to-water pumps will help you provide the greenhouse or greenhouse with enough heat to improve plant life and improve crop quality. The disadvantage is the high price of the system, but it quickly pays off inside an all-weather greenhouse of a large area, since it saves the subsequent costs of heating air and water.
Also, we think it would be interesting for you to read an article about heating a summer house with your own hands: “How to make heating a country house”.
This is a professional system that is installed at the time of assembly of the structure itself and only under the supervision of specialists. Such systems use heating and ventilation units installed in the foundation foundations, on the supporting structures of the greenhouse or on separate supports for heating the greenhouse.
Distribution of warm air is arranged in the middle and upper parts of the space of the greenhouse design. This is done for this, in order to avoid burns of young plants or drying of their aerial parts. Also, a special perforated polyethylene sleeve is laid out around the perimeter of the structure, along which heat is evenly supplied. It is necessary for uniform heating of the soil.
Often high and low pressure steam is used to heat the supplied air.
Gas heating in greenhouses
A similar method is carried out using gas heaters with direct combustion of gas inside the greenhouse. Burners of such installations can be infrared and injection.
Air in gas systems, pre-mixed with an external or recirculation stream, enters through a concentrated supply to the places of heating. It can be fed by individual gas burners, or, like air heating systems in greenhouses, along special hoses. For the most rational heating, several systems are used or a complex of gas burners, which are distributed throughout the territory.
During the operation of gas generators, carbon dioxide and steam are released into the space, which are necessary for plants, but it is also possible to burn air and burn out oxygen, which is quite dangerous for crops. Therefore, during the operation of these systems, ventilation and air supply systems must simultaneously work.
For small greenhouses, it is possible to use gas cylinders; in greenhouses with a larger area, it is necessary to connect to a common gas pipeline network, which is necessarily accompanied by the work of specialists and the legalization of the connection of this system.
The payback of heating greenhouses with gas is easily calculated by specialists for each individual case, but one thing can be said: gas heating is quite profitable.
A good alternative option, the features of which are significant savings and the ability to use a variety of energy sources. Perhaps heating greenhouses with wood, coal, gas and so on. The disadvantage of such systems is the high level of heating the walls of the furnace, so quite often experts recommend the use of safer and repeatedly tested options, such as heating buleryanom. The walls of this boiler do not overheat, and the system itself is quite reliable and easy to operate.
There are other stoves that are often used in small areas, but their efficiency is quite low. Although it is possible to really tangible savings even with such indicators - for example, if the furnace heating of the greenhouse is used in combination with other types of heating or the greenhouse design is built for your own needs. It also makes sense to use cheaper fuel, but try not to lose the efficiency.
Heat loss reduction
This factor of savings should be considered even before the construction of the greenhouse, but if such aspects were not provided, then they can always be corrected. If you are just building a structure and want to create high-quality heating with your own hands, then take care initially of good thermal insulation of the room.
In this case, attention should be paid to the foundation of the structure, the frame, the cover, as well as the warming of the greenhouse using modern methods.
Energy-saving heating in a greenhouse - video
Do-it-yourself greenhouse heating
In order to build a greenhouse building with your own heating and do it right, you will need some experience, as well as adherence to algorithms that have long been installed by professionals. How to build a foundation, choose a frame and cover, we will not talk - this material is available in other articles of our site. But here we are sure to share the correct approach and consistency.
Initially, you need to know how to make heating in the greenhouse correct and rational. To do this, you need to create high-quality heating of the soil, as well as air. Indeed, only in the correct temperature regime of these two components will your plants live and give a yield increase. You can choose the system or type of heating that can cope with soil heating in the greenhouse using the description above. There are some facts, technical features and advantages of a particular type of heating.
Next, you should pay attention to the type of greenhouse itself and the combination of a heating system with it - a lot also depends on it. For example, the heating of film greenhouses should be more serious, since the film holds heat very poorly. At the same time, heating a polycarbonate structure does not require large expenditures, since the coating material is a fairly good heat insulator.
Choosing technical heating of the greenhouse, you also must take into account the features of the system. Some of them are very expensive and will not be suitable for small or standard buildings, while others will require proper operation and professional installation. Therefore, make the calculation initially, calculate all the pros and cons, pay attention to the advantages and disadvantages, and only then stop your choice on a specific system.
Be sure to pay attention to such an important factor as the scheme of heating greenhouses. With it, you can most rationally distribute heat indoors. If you do not have enough personal experience to create such a plan, you can always contact the specialists who will develop the drawings and draw up an estimate for the installation of the necessary equipment. They can also recommend heating.
Based on such requirements and comments, paying attention to the recommendations of experienced people and professional installers of such systems, you can start the installation. Use all your knowledge for this, perform the correct calculations - and then heating the greenhouse design will be correct and rational. Only this approach will bring you the desired result.