Assessment of health service quality is an important prerequisite for improving health service quality, and the use of standardized patients (SPs) is considered to be the gold standard for evaluating health service quality, which can effectively capture the real performance of health service providers. Application of SPs in health service quality assessment is mainly focused on primary health care, doctor - patient communication, and pharmaceutical practice. SPs method is more comprehensive, direct and accurate than the information collected from medical records, but it needs a lot of human, material and financial resources and involves complex ethical issues. Therefore, it is suggested that moral hazard should be fully considered when conducting SPs surveys, and case scripts should be designed scientifically and the standardization of SPs training should be strengthened. In addition, the effectiveness of standardized patients should be validated.
Antibiotics are used to treat diseases in humans and animals. Antibiotic residues in the environment and food can be ingested into human body through exposure via food and drinking water. As a new environmental pollutant, antibiotics residue is closely associated with obesity, which in turn affects human health and poses a threat to public safety. The purpose of the study is to review the progress in researches on antibiotic exposure and its pathways, the relationship between antibiotics and obesity and thus the impact on population health for providing evidences to early intervention on antibiotic exposure among populations.
Injury surveillance is an important part of a comprehensive disease surveillance system to be established. To analyze the occurrence and changing trends of severe injuries related to different causes and to provide evidence for formulating injury prevention and control strategies and evaluating the effects of intervention measures, a hospital electronic health record (EHR)-based injury surveillance system was constructed and applied in Shanghai. Under the development of the EHR-based surveillance system, the definition of injury cases to be reported, contents, data standards and the function and standard document of the system were formulated. The system greatly improved the quality and efficiency of injury registration by data sharing between hospital information system (HIS) and HER and between centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) at district level and Shanghai municipal CDC, and promoted the issue of the Regulation for Shanghai Municipal Inpatient Department-based Injury Registration and Reporting.
With methodological development of assessment on child nutrition interventions, relevant evaluation indicators have been developed from merely for simple health outcomes to for comprehensive economic benefits. The cost accounting on child nutrition interventions has been subdivided into various items and the indicators for cost-effectiveness is no longer limited to a single indicator. A more complete analytical framework for evaluating child nutrition interventions is established with probability method-based cost-utility analysis. In cost-benefit analysis, the income, medical expenses and assigning a value to the life year are all taken into account, which also makes the estimation of intervention benefits more comprehensive. In order to estimate the improvement of human capital for child nutrition interventions, sociological and econometric methods have also been used, and prediction model of human capital is constructed from the changes in height, years of schooling and cognitive ability due to the nutrition improvement. A trend in deep integration of multiple disciplines has been shown in economic evaluation on child nutrition interventions.
Recognizing AIDS epidemic as a social problem, the article reviews the development process of society participation in AIDS prevention in China during the past 40 years from a panoramic perspective. During the period in China, the concept of AIDS prevention changed from prevention and treatment to prevention and control with a passivity to initiative transformation occurring in the development of whole society participation in AIDS containment. From a long - term consideration, the initiative of whole society participation in AIDS prevention and control needs to be promoted continuously for the construction of a prevention community for effective control of AIDS epidemic.