Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) > Carangiformes
(Jacks) > Carangidae
(Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Marine; brackish; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 500 m, usually 5 - 250 m (Ref. 54928). Subtropical; 50°N - 16°N, 20°W - 43°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to Mauritania including the Mediterranean Sea. The subspecies Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus occurs in the Marmara and Black seas, southern and western parts of the Azov Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 20.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm FL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3397)
Adults are found usually near the bottom, at times also in surface waters; pelagic and migratory in large schools. They feed on other fishes especially sardines, anchovies, etc. and small crustaceans (Ref. 4233). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969
): 13.2 - 21, mean 17.4 °C (based on 748 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00776 - 0.01024), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245
Trophic level (Ref. 69278
): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.22; tmax=12).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153
): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649
): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref. 124155
): Calcium = 281 [155, 486] mg/100g ; Iron = 5.44 [3.02, 9.71] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.7 [17.8, 19.5] % ; Omega3 = 0.729 [0.378, 1.434] g/100g ; Selenium = 30.4 [12.8, 62.2] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 17.6 [4.1, 72.5] μg/100g ; Zinc = 2.25 [1.55, 3.28] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.