Any intelligent fool can make things bigger,
more complex, and more violent.
It takes a touch of genius - and a lot of courage - to move in the opposite direction.
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
(Leonardo da Vinci)
The following short article shows you how to deduce the most simple science theory of reality, the wave structure of matter in Space, then deduce from this to show that it is correct. There is no opinion involved - it shows that science does work - we just needed the correct (most simple) foundations. Before we start I wish to emphasise two things;
1. While simplicity is nice - it is really the dynamic unity of reality that is important. i.e. There must be one substance that exists that causes and connects the many things we experience. And describing reality in terms of only one substance is obviously also the most simple solution. Thus we are uniting science with metaphysics. I have just re-written the main metaphysics page (January, 2010) which explains this in more detail.
2. It is a significant fact that there is not another page on the internet that considers what the most simple science theory of reality is - which is strange given Occam's Razor (principle of simplicity) is fundamental to science. Thus it is naive to claim science does not work (the logical positivist / social construct view of postmodern science) without having considered this most simple solution. i.e. What we do know is that science founded on discrete and separate 'particles' does not work!
First we deduce that the most simple theory that abides by rules of science (logic from principles = knowledge from senses) must be founded on Space and its properties. This then leads to the spherical standing wave structure of matter in Space (where Space exists with the properties of a wave medium).
1.1 The most simple theory must be founded on One thing (substance) existing with properties
This is necessary to abide by two universally accepted principles of Science
Science has a Principle of Simplicity / Occam's Razor - "Essentia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem". i.e. The theory which deduces the most things from less assumptions is better, thus the best theory must be founded on the most simple foundation of only one thing existing.
Metaphysics is founded on the Dynamic Unity of Reality - that One Thing / Substance necessarily exists and interconnects the many changing things we experience in the universe.
(Bradley, 1846-1924) We may agree, perhaps, to understand by Metaphysics an attempt to know reality as against mere appearance, or the study of first principles or ultimate truths, or again the effort to comprehend the universe, not simply piecemeal or by fragments, but somehow as a whole.
So our task is now clearer as we are limited to a foundation of only one
thing / substance existing from which to explain the reality of this world
that we experience.
Aristotle (who first formalized metaphysics and physics) and Leibniz explain this well;
(Aristotle, 340BC) The first philosophy (Metaphysics) is universal and is exclusively concerned with primary substance. ... And here we will have the science to study that which is just as that which is, both in its essence and in the properties which, just as a thing that is, it has. ... That among entities there must be some cause which moves and combines things. ... There must then be a principle of such a kind that its substance is activity.
(Gottfried Leibniz, 1646 - 1716) Reality cannot be found except in One single source, because of the interconnection of all things with one another. ... I do not conceive of any reality at all as without genuine unity. ... I maintain also that substances, whether material or immaterial, cannot be conceived in their bare essence without any activity, activity being of the essence of substance in general.
As we shall see, there is an important clue here relating to motion / activity being a necessary property of substance.
1.2 This One Thing / Substance must be Space (that we all commonly experience)
There are many different minds and material things but only One common Space. This is true when we consider the Space around us - we all experience many different humans (their bodies & minds) living on Earth which orbits the Sun, which orbits our galaxy as one amongst many billions within the observable universe - yet all this occurs within one common Space.
From this most simple foundation of Space as the one substance that exists
we can then deduce that it must be infinite (not bounded by another substance),
eternal (not created by another substance) and continuous (not made of parts).
As Aristotle wrote;
This shows us two things: you cannot have parts of the infinite and the infinite is indivisible.
1.3 Matter is formed from the Wave Motion of Space
It is well known that there is a particle-wave duality for light and matter.
Given this most simple science theory is founded on One substance, Space,
we must consider the Properties of Space, thus we cannot add 'parts / particles'
to Space. So we are left only with waves.
Thus there is only one solution - Space must exist with the Properties of a Wave Medium, and matter is formed from wave motions of Space.
So Aristotle and Leibniz were largely correct, they just did not realize that matter's activity / motion really came from the wave motion of Space (vibrating Space is a simple way to imagine it).
1.4 Matter's Particle Effect is Caused by the Wave Center of the Spherical Standing Wave
Note: This is a two dimensional cross section of a spherical standing wave (there is a moving image below) but it is obviously hard to show a sphere / spherical wave on a flat computer screen so some imagination is needed!
Fig.1 - The Electron / Positron
The image represents the most simple form of matter, the electron. The positron (anti-matter) is simply the opposite phase standing wave which sensibly explains matter / anti-matter annihilation due to destructive wave interference. (The proton and neutron are more complex wave structures which still need further study)
It is easy to see how the particle effect of matter is formed at the Wave Center.
You can also see why Pythagoras' theorem is not just a mathematical (axiomatic) truth, but fundamental to physical reality. If you draw two lines at right angles to one another, radiating from the wave center, one 3 wavelengths, the other 4 wavelengths, then complete the rectangle, magically! you find the hypotenuse is exactly 5 wavelengths long. This is because this wave diagram truly represents how matter interacts / forms its spatial dimensions.
Further, three dimensional space and spherical space are equivalent, as it takes three variables to describe a sphere. In fact the cause of three dimensional space is simply that matter interacts spherically (see Einstein quote below).
The fourth dimension of 'time' is really just the motion of the wave (motion causes time).
It is important to realise that this conception of matter founded on waves in Space has a different metaphysical foundation. Currently in physics we have a Metaphysics of Space and Time to which we add discrete 'particles' and thus also continuous 'fields' to connect them (thus we have four different things - space, time, matter particles and fields).
The Wave Structure of Matter is founded on one thing, Space, existing as a wave medium. i.e. A Metaphysics of Space and (wave) Motion - where matter is formed from the spherical standing wave motions of Space. This unites Space, Time, Motion and Matter. Thus Aristotle was also correct when he wrote;
Movement, then, is also continuous in the way in which time is - indeed time is either identical to movement or is some affection of it. ... there being two causes of which we have defined in the Physics, that of matter and that from which the motion comes. (Aristotle, Metaphysics)
This is also consistent with the fact that atomic clocks use the natural resonance frequency of the cesium atom (9,192,631,770 Hz) to measure time.
The argument is really complete - but I just wanted to briefly mention Einstein's relativity as you will then see how close he was to the truth with his rejection of the 'particle' and his attempt at a continuous field theory of matter.
The metrics of Einstein's special relativity are founded on Pythagoras' theorem (see Lorentz Transformation below) where an electron changes from having a spherical shape to a squashed ellipsoidal shape when it is in motion (which is why an electron contracts in length with motion). The important point is that the mathematics is founded on a sphere because matter interacts spherically with other matter in the Space around it. As Einstein writes;
From the latest results of the theory of relativity it is probable that our three dimensional space is also approximately spherical, that is, that the laws of disposition of rigid bodies in it are not given by Euclidean geometry, but approximately by spherical geometry. (Albert Einstein, 1954)
Special relativity is still based directly on an empirical
law, that of the constancy of the velocity of light where dx2 + dy2 + dz2 =(cdt)2 and cdt is the distance
traveled by light c in time dt.
The defining equation of the metric is then nothing but the Pythagorean theorem applied to the differentials of the co-ordinates. (Note: In the above diagram dx=3, dy=4, dz=0, cdt=5)
In the special theory of relativity those co-ordinate changes (by transformation) are permitted for which also in the new co-ordinate system the quantity (cdt)2 equals the sum of the squares of the co-ordinate differentials. Such transformations are called Lorentz transformations. (Albert Einstein, 1934)
2 - The Lorentz Transformation
In the Lorentz Transformations matter becomes a squashed ellipsoid with motion. However, pythagoras' theorem remains true even when the sphere is a squashed ellipsoid.
It is this change in curvature of the sphere when an electron is accelerated that Einstein then related to matter's gravity / energy fields which curve the 4D space-time continuum. But really the 4D space time continuum of Einstein's general relativity is simply a moving spherical wave in Space. Thus the 'curvature of the 4D space-time continuum' is just the curvature of the spherical (ellipsoidal) wave, which changes when the wave center 'particle' is accelerated.
Thus the most simple science theory of reality requires that matter is
not a tiny particle separate from Space, instead it is a large spherical
spatially extended wave structure of Space (the size of the observable
universe within infinite Space).
Einstein's relativity agrees that matter is a structure of space (not a discrete particle in space). His error was to work with continuous fields in space-time rather than discrete standing waves in continuous Space.
forced to summarize the general theory of relativity in one sentence:
Time and space and gravitation have no separate existence from matter. ...
Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept 'empty space' loses its meaning. ... The field thus becomes an irreducible element of physical description, irreducible in the same sense as the concept of matter (particles) in the theory of Newton. ... The physical reality of space is represented by a field whose components are continuous functions of four independent variables - the co-ordinates of space and time. Since the theory of general relativity implies the representation of physical reality by a continuous field, the concept of particles or material points cannot play a fundamental part, nor can the concept of motion. The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or the energy density are particularly high. (Albert Einstein, 1950)
History shows that Einstein's continuous field theory of matter in space-time does not explain the discrete properties of light and matter found in quantum theory. And Einstein also came to suspect this was the case, he writes;
All these fifty years of conscious brooding have brought me no nearer to the answer to the question, 'What are light quanta?' Nowadays every Tom, Dick and Harry thinks he knows it, but he is mistaken. … I consider it quite possible that physics cannot be based on the field concept, i.e., on continuous structures. In that case, nothing remains of my entire castle in the air, gravitation theory included, [and of] the rest of modern physics. (Albert Einstein, 1954)
We now realize that his relativity theory can be simplified by working with real wave motions of a continuously connected space, rather than 'continuous fields' in 'space-time' (a mathematical construction).
The rules of science (simplicity) and metaphysics (dynamic unity of reality) force us to conclude that matter is formed from spherical standing wave motions of Space (rather than Newton's particles, or Einstein's continuous fields). This is why matter can interact with other matter in the Space around it, because all matter (in the observable universe) is interconnected in Space by its spherical in and out waves.
The Wave Center causes the discrete 'particle' effect of matter that we
see and interact with.
The spherical in and out waves cause the field effects, but in a slightly different way than Einstein imagined because they are discrete standing wave effects, rather than his continuous field effects. i.e. Einstein's continuous field theory of matter does not explain discrete properties of light and matter as determined by quantum theory - whereas standing wave interactions (resonant coupling) only occur at discrete wavelengths / frequencies thus explaining the discrete properties of light quanta 'photons'.
The above arguments all seem true to me, none of it is my opinion, they
simply state common scientific knowledge combined with our common experience
of existing in Space.
And I should add that Erwin Schrodinger actually proposed a wave structure of matter 80 years ago (unfortunately his wave equations were used by Max Born as probability waves to find the location of the particle, rather than treating them as real waves in Space). As Schrodinger explains;
What we observe as material bodies and forces are nothing but shapes and variations in the structure of space. Particles are just schaumkommen (appearances). ... The world is given to me only once, not one existing and one perceived. Subject and object are only one. The barrier between them cannot be said to have broken down as a result of recent experience in the physical sciences, for this barrier does not exist. ... Let me say at the outset, that in this discourse, I am opposing not a few special statements of quantum physics held today (1950s), I am opposing as it were the whole of it, I am opposing its basic views that have been shaped 25 years ago, when Max Born put forward his probability interpretation, which was accepted by almost everybody. I don't like it, and I'm sorry I ever had anything to do with it. (Erwin Schrödinger, The Interpretation of Quantum Physics.)
So now we must see if this Spherical Wave Structure of Matter works - does
it correctly deduce the fundamentals of modern physics?
Well thanks to the work of retired Professor of Maths Physics, Dr Milo Wolff, we can show with mathematical / logical precision that it works perfectly.
Note: To keep things simple I will just explain the most important deduction here, the remainder of the 'Simple Science' arguments are in separate (short) pages which are listed below. The mathematical physics page has the full list of Wave Structure of Matter mathematical deductions (which is substantial, though there is still obviously much to do).
The most fundamental (and simple) thing to check is what we deduce for relative motion and see if it matches known results of the two fundamental theories of physics. i.e. Matter's relativistic mass increase (Einstein's special relativity) and the de Broglie wavelength (quantum theory and the wave properties of matter) which are both deduced from the relative motion of matter.
So we should find that the Doppler shifted wave equations for two spherical standing waves with relative motion (of their wave center 'particles') show terms in the resultant wave equations that exactly match quantum theory's de Broglie wavelength and Einstein's relativistic mass increase (where mass m equates to frequency f as E=hf=mc2).
We find that it exactly deduces these two terms. This is absolutely remarkable - for the first time the two central theories of modern physics (quantum theory and Einstein's special relativity) are united by a single theory, which was itself deduced as the most simple science theory of reality.
You can read the deduction
by Dr Milo Wolff (Retired Prof. of Maths Physics) or you can view his
video where he explains this (I filmed this back in 2000 at Berkeley university
- it is well worth watching!).
Milo Wolff Video Interview - See all Milo Wolff Videos
(The video is also on my physics philosophy page at YouTube)
I have known of the wave structure of matter for ten years now. And over that time I have slowly read the history of physics, philosophy and metaphysics. It is now blindingly obvious to me that Science does actually work - we just had to get rid of the wrong foundation of matter with particle properties, and consider space and its wave properties.
Thus we can now easily recognize the error of Physics (since the time of Newton), where reality is described in terms of many things - the Interconnected Motion of Matter 'Particles' in Space and Time - which further requires continuous 'Forces/Fields' to connect the discrete 'Particles'.
The correct foundation is to describe matter in terms of one thing - the Wave Motion of Space. Thus motion applies to space, not matter, i.e. the (wave) motion of Space causes matter, time and forces / fields (interconnection).
Note: We have a page of wave diagrams that will help you visualise the spherical standing wave structure of matter (WSM) in space. Basically, we only see the high wave amplitude wave-center and have been deluded into thinking matter was made of tiny little 'particles'. A very naive conception in hindsight - and quantum physics was telling us all along that waves were central to light and matter interactions!
In ending, it is important to emphasize / repeat - this is the most simple science foundation for describing reality - and most importantly, it works. And this surprisingly simple solution was anticipated by some physicists, as John Archibald Wheeler wrote;
Someday we'll understand the whole thing as one single marvelous vision that will seem so overwhelmingly simple and beautiful that we may say to each other; 'Oh, how could we have been so stupid for so long? How could it have been otherwise!' (J. A. Wheeler)
The notion that all these fragments is separately existent is evidently an illusion, and this illusion cannot do other than lead to endless conflict and confusion. Indeed, the attempt to live according to the notion that the fragments are really separate is, in essence, what has led to the growing series of extremely urgent crises that is confronting us today. Thus, as is now well known, this way of life has brought about pollution, destruction of the balance of nature, over-population, world-wide economic and political disorder and the creation of an overall environment that is neither physically nor mentally healthy for most of the people who live in it. Individually there has developed a widespread feeling of helplessness and despair, in the face of what seems to be an overwhelming mass of disparate social forces, going beyond the control and even the comprehension of the human beings who are caught up in it. (David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order, 1980)
Personal Note: I am not being arrogant or egotistical
at all in writing this (I am a quiet evolutionary philosopher of science
who lives in the country, likes to read and think about about truth and
reality, to understand how things work). I know this knowledge is very important
to our world. The absolute nature of the writing is simply to emphasize
the point that science does work if we take simplicity / dynamic unity of
reality (metaphysics / necessary connection / Occam's Razor) seriously.
However, this obviously requires rejecting the discrete particle conception of matter (which is clearly a naive and primitive conception of matter that pre-dates quantum theory and relativity). And all students of history know that old habits die hard (those standard model particle physicists and big bang cosmologists will not change how they think, instead their discrete and separate 'particle' ideas will die with them).
Reality is clearly interconnected and changing, a dynamic unity - this has been known for over three thousand years, and is confirmed by modern physics. The Wave Structure of Matter in Space (vibrating Space or waving energy fields if you prefer) explains how this interconnected change occurs.
It is effectively the source code for how the universe functions, obviously with great power and potential for humanity (for good and bad). At least by knowing the truth it gives us greater potential to act wisely - but this is up to us. And the future of Humanity will be decided by this.
(Galileo Galilei, 1600) I wish, my dear Kepler, that we could have a good laugh together at the extraordinary stupidity of the mob. What do you think of the foremost philosophers of this University? In spite of my oft-repeated efforts and invitations, they have refused, with the obstinacy of a glutted adder, to look at the planets or Moon or my telescope. ... In questions of science, the authority of a thousand is not worth the humble reasoning of a single individual.
(Max Planck, 1920) A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it.
The deepest sin against the human mind is
to believe things without evidence. Science is simply common sense at its
best - that is, rigidly accurate in observation, and merciless to fallacy
Ignorance more frequently begets confidence
than does knowledge: it is those who know little, not those who know much,
who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved
(Charles Darwin, Introduction to The Descent of Man, 1871)
We are to admit no more causes of natural
things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.
(Sir Isaac Newton, Principia: The system of the world)
Metaphysics of Space: Philosophy of Science: Most Simple Science Theory of Reality
'The Gift of Truth Excels all Other Gifts.' (Buddha)
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