gene(redirected from Posttranscriptional gene silencing)
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A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and is transcribed into an RNA molecule that may function directly or be translated into an amino acid chain. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequences change.
(Genetics) a unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome (some viral genes are composed of RNA). A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or encode an RNA molecule; or regulate the operation of other genes or repress such operation. See also operon
[C20: from German Gen, shortened from Pangen; see pan-, -gen]
the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of hereditary character.
[1911; < German Gen (1909), appar. independent use of -gen -gen; introduced by Danish geneticist Wilhelm Latin. Johannsen (1857–1927)]
A segment of DNA, occupying a specific place on a chromosome, that is the basic unit of heredity. Genes act by directing the synthesis of proteins, which are the main components of cells and are the catalysts of all cellular processes. Physical traits, such as the shape of a plant leaf, the coloration of an animal's coat, and the texture of a person's hair, are all determined by genes. See also dominant, recessive. See Notes at DNA, Mendel.
Did You Know? What makes a human different from a chimpanzee? Much of the answer lies in the genes, the basic units of heredity. Each gene is a specific segment of DNA, occupying a fixed place on a chromosome. Genes contain the chemical information needed to create different kinds of proteins. These proteins are used to repair cells and make new ones. The kinds of proteins, the amounts, and the order in which they are made all help determine how one type of cell differs from another and, ultimately, how one species of organism differs from another. Just how different are the genes making up different life forms? In the case of the human and the chimp, not much: about 98 percent of the DNA in a chimpanzee cell is identical to the DNA in a human cell. Because of this close similarity, scientists think that it is the sequence of genes, as well as the types of genes themselves, that account for most of the differences between the two species. However, not all differences between species can be explained by gene differences alone. How closely matching sets of genes can belong to entirely different species is one of the great mysteries of modern biology.
A piece of DNA molecule that determines a hereditary characteristic.
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|Noun||1.||gene - (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors"|
dominant gene - gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical; "the dominant gene for brown eyes"
allele, allelomorph - (genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character; "some alleles are dominant over others"
genetic marker - a specific gene that produces a recognizable trait and can be used in family or population studies
homeotic gene - one the genes that are involved in embryologic development
lethal gene - any gene that has an effect that causes the death of the organism at any stage of life
linkage group, linked genes - any pair of genes that tend to be transmitted together; "the genes of Drosophila fall into four linkage groups"
mutant gene - a gene that has changed so that the normal transmission and expression of a trait is affected
nonallele - genes that are not competitors at the same locus
operator gene - a gene that activates the production of messenger RNA by adjacent structural genes
oncogene, transforming gene - a gene that disposes normal cells to change into cancerous tumor cells
polygene - a gene that by itself has little effect on the phenotype but which can act together with others to produce observable variations
proto-oncogene - a normal gene that has the potential to become an oncogene
recessive gene - gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical; "the recessive gene for blue eyes"
regulator gene, regulatory gene - a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene
repressor gene - gene that prevents a nonallele from being transcribed
structural gene - a gene that controls the production of a specific protein or peptide
suppresser gene, suppressor gene, suppresser, suppressor - a gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene (especially of a mutant gene)
transgene - an exogenous gene introduced into the genome of another organism
X-linked gene - a gene located on an X chromosome
chromosome - a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"
molecular biology - the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)
sequence - serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern; "the sequence of names was alphabetical"; "he invented a technique to determine the sequence of base pairs in DNA"
gene[ˈdʒiːn] n → gène m gene pool, gene sequence, gene technology, gene therapy
gene[dʒiːn] n (Bio) → gene m
any of the basic elements of heredity, passed from parents to their offspring. If the children are red-haired, one of their parents must have a gene for red hair. geen مورَثَه ген gene gen das Gen gen γονίδιοgen geen ژن geeni gèneגן जीन, वंश gen gén gen gen, erfðavísir gene 遺伝子 유전자 genas gēns gen gengengen ژن gene genă ген gén gen gen gen, arvsanlag ยีน gen 基因 ген نسلی توریث کی اکائی (sinh vật học) gien 基因genetic (dʒəˈnetik) adjective
of genes or genetics. a genetic abnormality. generiese وِراثي генетичен genético genetický genetisch genetisk γενετικός, κληρονομικόςgenético geneetiline ژنتیک؛ موروثی geneettinen génétiqueגנטי आनुवांशिक genetski genetikai genetik gen-; erfðafræðilegur genetico 遺伝の 유전의 genetinis ģenētisks genetik genetischgenetisk, arvelig, gen-genetyczny ارثى genético genetic генетический genetický genetičen genetski genetisk ทางพันธุกรรม genetiğe ait 遺傳(學)上的 генетичний; генний جین یا جینیات سے تعلق رکھنے والا thuộc di truyền học 遗传（学）上的genetic engineering noun
the science of changing the genetic features of animals and plants. generiese manipulasie هَنْدّسَه وراثِيَّه генно инжинерство engenharia genética genetické inženýrství die Gentechnik genteknik γενετική μηχανική ingeniería genética geenitehnoloogia مهندسی ژنتیک geenitekniikka ingénierie génétique הַנדָסָה גֶּנֶטִית आनुवंशिक अभियंत्रण genetski ineženjering géntechnológia, génsebészet rekayasa genetika ingegneria genetica 遺伝子工学 유전공학 genų inžinerija gēnu inženierija kejuruteraan genetik genetische manipulatie genmanipulering, genteknikk inżynieria genetyczna د ژنتیک انجینیر генная инженерия genetické inžinierstvo genetski inženiring genetski inženjering genmanipulation พันธุวิศวกรรม genetik mühendisliği 遺傳工程 генна інженерія پودوں اور حیوانوں کی جینیائی صفات متغیر کرنے والا علم khoa học về biến đổi gien 遗传工程genetics (dʒəˈnetiks) noun singular
the science of heredity. genetika عِلم الوراثَه генетика genética genetika die Genetik genetik γενετικήgenética geneetika علم ژنتیک genetiikka génétique מַדַע הַתּוֹרָשָה आनुवंशिकता genetika genetika genetika erfðafræði genetica 遺伝学 유전학 genetika ģenētika genetik geneticaarvelighetslære, genetikkgenetyka دوراثت علم genética genetică генетика genetika genetika genetika genetik, ärftlighetslära พันธุศาสตร์ genetik bilimi 遺傳學 генетика جینیات di truyền học 遗传学
gene→ مُوَرِّثَة gen gen Gen γονίδιο gen geeni gène gen gene 遺伝子 유전자 gen gen gen gene ген gen สายพันธุ์ gen gien 基因
n. gen, unidad básica de rasgos hereditarios;
dominant ___ → ___ dominante;
___ frequency → frecuencia del ___;
lethal ___ → ___ letal;
recessive ___ → ___ recesivo;
sex-linked ___ → ___ ligado al sexo.