Hello, dear student! Today we are going to talk about adverbs. I have already told you about such part of speech as adverb and today we will talk about some types of adverbs which we usually see and hear in the Russian language. I would like to give consideration to the adverbs of circumstance. We know that an adverb denotes characteristic of verb, object or even characteristic of characteristic. As for adverbs of circumstance, they usually denote time, purpose, place or cause why this or that has happened, for example:
Она нарочно меня толкнула [Ana naroshna menya talknula] - She deliberately pushed me
Как? -нарочно (How? - deliberately) - it's our circumstantial adverb. Such adverbs can be divided into several types: Adverbs of place: вдали [vdali] - far off (far away), вблизи [vblizi] - nearby , сбоку [sboku] - at the side Adverbs of purpose: нарочно [naroshno] - deliberately, назло [nazlo] - despite, в шутку [f shutku] - in play, специально [spitsial'na] - on purpose Adverbs of time: сегодня [sivodnya] - today, завтра [zaftra] - tomorrow, сейчас [sichas] - now, иногда [inagda] - sometimes, весной [visnoy] - in spring, утром [utram] - in the morning Adverbs of cause: спьяну [sp'yanu] - in a state of drunkenness, сгоряча [sgaryacha] - in temper, поневоле [panivole] - against one's will, недаром [nidarom] - not for nothing.
To understand the meaning of some adverbs, I recommend you to use dictionary which provides detailed description of their meanings.
Вдали виднелось синее небо [Fdali vidnelas' sinee neba] - The blue sky was visible there far away
Где? Вдали - Where? Far away (adverb of place)
Я не подумала и сказала в шутку, а он обиделся [ Ya ne padumala i skazala f shutku, a on abidelsya] - I didn't think about it and said it just in play, but he was offended.
Как? в шутку - How? in play (adverb of purpose)
Сегодня Аня пойдет в школу [Sivodnya Anya pajdyot f shkolu] - Today Anne is going to school
Когда? Сегодня - When? Today (adverb of time)
I'd like to mention that there are more circumstantial adverbs of place and time in Russian and the group of adverbs of cause and purpose are quite small.
Спьяну он срубил все деревья во дворе [Spyanu on srubil fse derevya va dvare] - He cut down all the trees in the yard in a state of drunkenness.
Как? Спьяну - How? In a state of drunkenness (adverb of cause)
Не говорите обидных слов сгоряча [Ne gavarite abidnykh slov sgaryacha] - Being in a temper, don't use any offensive words.
Как? Сгоряча - How? Being in a temper (adverb of cause)