a system that the rulers of Spain established Mexico, under which Spanish men received a Native American village to oversee and gain tribute from.
Father Miguel Hidalgo
supported poor mestizos, Native Americans, and slaves which made criollos turn against him, tried to liberate Mexico but was executed.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
a treaty that the United States forced Mexico to sign in 1848, giving Mexico's northern lands to the United States.
Mexican national hero; brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including separation of church and state, land distribution to the poor, and an educational system for all of Mexico
early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles
Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated.
Institutional Revolutionary Party
the most powerful political party in Mexico from the 1920s to 2000, which won every presidential election during that time.
Mexican president elected in 2000; of the PAN party; ended the 70-year rule of the PRI; gave possibilities to Mexico
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
Mexican president in 1991; ended the ejido system; farmers could vote to divide their ejido into single farms; privatized farming
the process of replacing community ownership with individual, or private, ownership.
in Mexico, a factory that imports duty-free parts from the United States to make products that it then exports back across the border.
One of Mexico's most celebrated 20th century artists. He painted a series of historical murals in the National Palace in Mexico City.
Mexican painter; international popularity with self-portraits; was married to Diego Rivera; influenced by Rivera.
was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize for Literature.