From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam
Locally frequent to common in fallow cornfields in the southern part of the state. It is usually in moist soil associated with Poa Chapmaniana and Myosotis virginica, indicating a slightly acid habitat which, I think, controls its distribution.
Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 0
Wetland Indicator Status: FACU
Herb with a taproot 10 - 40 cm tall Stem: stiff, ascending or decumbent, usually branched near the base, reddish in strong sun, hairy below, less hairy to hairless above. Flowers: in dense, branched clusters (racemes), which are borne terminally and axillary on the stems. Flower stalks 1 - 3 mm long. Sepals four, distinct, upright, whitish green to purplish in strong sun, to 2 mm long, to 1 mm wide, oblong- lance-shaped, tips slightly pointed to rounded. Petals four, distinct, white or pinkish, 2 - 3 mm long, to 1 mm wide, tips rounded. Stamens six, upright. Anthers yellow. Fruit: a long, narrow pod (silique), ascending, to 2 cm long, to 2 mm wide, slightly compressed, two-valved, with a short beak, on stalks to 4 mm long. Basal leaves: deeply pinnately divided, 4 - 8 cm long, oblong. Segments divergent, oblong. Stem leaves: alternate, pinnately divided (or uppermost lance-linear), to 4 cm long, to 1 cm wide, hairy on leafstalks and leaf axes. Leaf segments five to fourteen on each side of axis, reduced basally, awl- to lance-shaped, tips pointed, typically non-toothed or with a small basal lobe, sometimes with one or two hairs near the tips. The leaves overwinter as a basal rosette.
Similar species: No information at this time.
Flowering: mid-April to late May
Habitat and ecology: Introduced from farther south. This spring ephemeral weed of sandy nursery plots can be found in the southern sector of the Chicago Region. It is also occasional in sandy cornfields, but disappears by the third week of June. Also look for it in disturbed areas, waste ground, and along roads and railroads.
Occurence in the Chicago region: non-native
Etymology: Virginica means "of or from Virginia."
Author: The Morton Arboretum
Resembling Cardamine parviflora in aspect; stiff, ascending or decumbent, 1-4 dm, often branched from the usually hirsute base, the hairs simple or bifurcate; basal lvs oblong, 4-8 cm, deeply pinnatifid or lyrate-pinnatifid into oblong divergent segments; cauline lvs similarly pinnatifid, or the uppermost lance-linear and entire; racemes compact; pet 2-3 mm, white or pinkish; frs ascending (often more strongly so than the short pedicels), 1.5-2.5 cm נ1.5-2 mm, scarcely beaked; seeds suborbicular, narrowly winged, 1.2-1.5 mm wide; 2n=16. Woods, fields, and roadsides; Va. to Ind. and Kans., s. to Fla. and Tex. Mar.-May. (Arabis v.)
Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
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Citation: The vPlants Project. vPlants: A Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Region. http://www.vplants.org
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