As like most of the cells in the body, neurons are consist of a cell body. The cell body is the core component of a nerve cell. It contains nucleus, cytoplasm and other organelles. The cell body that contain a euchromatic nucleus often has a prominent nucleolus. This nucleolus contains finely dispersed chromatin. The cytoplasm of the cell body is composed of nissl bodies, golgi complex, neurofibrils, mitochondria, lysosomes and centriole. Unlike most of the cells, neurons also consist of two major parts, an axon and multiple dendrites.
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|Basic Structure of a Neuron|
Usually, neurons have only one axon. This is a branched process with a single, long or tail like structure. As like dendrites, this single structure also arises from the cell body. Usually, axon arises at the axon hillock, a short pyramid shaped region, of the cell body and terminates in twig-like branching called telodendria. Most axons are covered by a sheath of lipoprotein complex, called myelin sheath. The bulbous enlargement or the end of axon terminal called as terminal buttons.