Types of Soil
The kinds of soils and their digging tools are given below
1. All kinds of soils (excluding rocky soils)
2. Ordinary rocks
3. Hard rocks
All kinds of soils (excluding rocky soils)
Any Layer or strata such as Sand, Gravel, Loam, Clay, Mud, Black Cotton, Moorum, Shingle, River or Nallah Bed Boulders etc. and hard core, macadam surface of any description, lime concrete, mud concrete and their mixtures.
Pick axe, Showels, Jumper, Sacrifiers, Ripper and other digging tools are required for digging application.
It is a rock which can be excavated (dug) by splitting with Crowbars or Pick axe, Wedging or similar means of excavation not requiring blasting. Examples are Limestone, Sand stone, Hard Laterite, hard Conglomerate and un-reinforced Cement Concrete below ground level. Light blasting may be done for loosening the materials.
It is a rock which requires blasting such as quartzite, granite, basalt, reinforced cement concrete below ground level is classified as hard rock. Where blasting is prohibited for any reasons, the excavation should be carried out by chiseling, wedging or by any other easy method.
Precautions during Excavation of 'Hard Rock'
Tools for Ground Work
The following tools are required for ground work.
It is a bulldozer equipped with one or more heavy tines for breaking up compacted soils, hard pans, and stumps. It is also used on old grasslands and agricultural lands to break up hard pans.
Crowbar is a heavy iron lever with one end forged into a wedge.
Shovel with wide blade is especially appropriate for lifting snow, coal, or sand.
A pick axe is a tool used for manual labor which consists of a hard spike attached perpendicular to a handle.