The five San Antonio missions got their names from saints and benefactors: who were these men and women who left their names on our landscape? Saint Anthony, by the way, is considered to be the finder of lost things. So, if you get lost during the Texas Trail Roundup you can recite this traditional verse and call upon San Antonio himself to help you find your way:
Tony, Tony, look around.
Something’s lost and must be found!
Mission San Antonio de Valero (The Alamo)
In 1716 Franciscan Missionaries received approval from Balthazar Manuel de Zuniga y Guzman Sotomayor y Sarmiento, second son of the Duke of Bejar and the Marqués de Valero, recently appointed viceroy of New Spain, for a plan close the dwindling mission of San Francisco Solano, founded in 1700 near the right bank of the Rio Grande, and move the mission to San Antonio. Hence the de Valero part of the name.
San Antonio was given its name on June 13, 1691, because that was the feast day of St. Anthony of Padua — and the day that a Spanish expedition came to the river they called Rio San Antonio.
La Segunda Compañía Volante de San Carlos del pueblo del Alamo, a company of one hundred Spanish Colonial mounted lancers, originally from a small town called San Jose y Santiago del Alamo in Coahuila, Mexico, arrived in Texas in early 1803 to bolster the existing San Antonio garrison. Their name soon was shortened to “El Alamo,” and the former mission where they were stationed also took on the name.
A rival theory is that the name arrived from the many cottonwood trees that were found along the banks of the San Antonio River; these Plane trees were known as Alamo in Spanish. Alamo historian Bruce Winders notes, “Commerce Street was once known as Alameda because of the cottonwood trees that lined it.”
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña
This mission was first named and founded in East Texas on July 7, 1716 as Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Hainais, after the Native Americans who inhabited the area. It was moved to San Antonio on March 5, 1731.
Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción translates as “Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception,” and refers to the Roman Catholic belief that Mary, Mother of Jesus, was herself born pure and without sin. Her feast day is December 8. Since a Papal Bull in 1643, Mary Immaculate has been the patron saint of the “New World.” Columbus’ ship that we generally call “The Santa Maria” had as its full name “La Santa María de la Immaculada Concepción.”
The de Acuña came from Juan de Acuña y Bejarano, 2nd Marquis of Casa Fuerte, who was the Spanish Viceroy from 1722 until his death in 1734.
Mission San José y San Miguel de Aguayo
Permission to build a mission on this site was granted on January 22, 1720 in a decree issued by José de Azlor y Virto de Vera, Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo, who was the governor of Coahuila and Texas.
In the Roman Catholic Tradition, Saint Joseph (San José) is the husband of Mary, mother of Jesus. His feast day is celebrated March 19. Saint Michael the Archangel (San Miguel) is seen by Catholics as the protector and the leader of the army of God against the forces of evil. His feast day, September 29, is also known as Michaelmas, or the feast of the Archangels.
Mission San Juan Capistrano
The San Antonio Missions were founded by Franciscans, so it is no surprise that they re-named this mission, which moved from East Texas on March 5, 1731, after Saint John of Capistrano, a Franciscan friar and Catholic priest who earned himself the nickname “the Soldier Saint” when in 1456, at age 70, he led a crusade against the invading Ottoman Empire at the siege of Belgrade (now the capital of Serbia.) He was made a saint in 1734, so he would have been a popular and contemporary choice.
Mission San Francisco de la Espada
Originally founded as Mission San Francisco de los Tejas near Augusta, Texas, this mission was moved to San Antonio in 1731, the same time as Mission Concepcion. Named after Saint Francis of Assisi, the founder of the order that built San Antonio’s missions, no one seems to know why is was tagged de la Espada — of the Sword — although legend relates that a statue of the saint in the chapel might have at one time grasped a sword.