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Validation Information: European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II
Dietary patterns and risk of asthma: results from three countries in European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II
Dietary patterns offer an alternative to the analysis of individual foods or nutrients in nutritional epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns common to different European countries and examine their associations with asthma. In five study centres (two in Germany, two in the UK and one in Norway), 1174 adults aged 29–55 years completed a FFQ and respiratory symptoms questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to identify the dietary patterns and analyse them in relation to current asthma, asthma symptoms and bronchial responsiveness (BHR). Two patterns emerged, generally correlating with the same foods at different centres: one associated with intake of meats and potatoes; the other with fish, fruits and vegetables. There was no evidence that the fish, fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·11 (95 % CI 0·93, 1·33)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·98, 1·17)) or BHR (regression coefficient −0·01 ( −0·12, 0·10)), though these CI appeared to rule out large protective effects of consuming these foods. There was no overall evidence that the meat and potato pattern was associated with asthma (OR 1·02 (0·79, 1·31)), symptom score (ratio of means 1·07 (0·84, 1·36)) or BHR (regression coefficient −0·08 ( −0·27, 0·10)), but there was heterogeneity between centres in the association with symptom score: a negative association at the two German centres; a positive association at the others. Heterogeneity in a multi-centre observational study of diet could suggest alternative explanations for apparent effects of diet, such as uncontrolled confounding.
Total number of nutrients validated: 4
Not all of the nutrients validated in the validation studies are included in the table below, as statistical data was only selected to be displayed for a number of nutrients, this included:
- Saturated Fat
- Mono-unsaturated Fat
- Poly-unsaturated Fat
- Non‐starch polysaccharides(NSP)
- Folic Acid
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin C
- Fruit & Vegetables
- Urinary Nitrogen
To find information on the other validated nutrients please read the validation study.
- Macronutrients: 3
- Micronutrients: 0
|Comparator||Lifestage||Sex||Nutrient Measured||Mean Difference||Standard Deviation||Correlation Coefficient||Cohen's Kappa Coefficient||Percentage Agreement||Percentage Agreement Categories||Lower Limits of Agreement||Upper Limits of Agreement|
|24hr Recall||Adults||Both||Energy (kcal)||0.27 (P); 0.61 (P)|
|Energy (kJ)||0.27 (P)|
|Protein (g)||0.25 (P)|
|Fat (g)||0.30 (P)|
|Carbohydrates (g)||0.30 (P)|
Some results have been calculated using statistical techniques based on the published data.
For further information on statistical terms click on Statistical tests used in validation studies
All correlations coefficients in the table are unadjusted unless stated otherwise. For adjusted correlation coefficients and other statistical methods used in the study e.g. paired t-tests, please read the validation articles.
- # Adjusted
- † Energy adjusted.
- ‡ For loge-transformed, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes.
- ^ Adjacent included.
- ᵟ Participants provided identical responses.
- (w) = Weighted.
Hooper R, Heinrich J, Omenaas E, Sausenthaler S, Garcia-Larsen V, Bakolis I, et al. Dietary patterns and risk of asthma: results from three countries in European Community Respiratory Health Survey-II. The British journal of nutrition. 2010;103(9):1354-65.