Richmond County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2000, the population was 46,564. Its county seat is Rockingham.
The county was formed in 1779 from Anson County. It was named for Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond and Lennox.
In 1899 the southeastern part of Richmond County became Scotland County.
Keader Keaton, a colonial American officer in the American Revolutionary War, was a founder of Richmond County.