4000-series integrated circuits explained
The 4000 series is a CMOS logic family of integrated circuits (ICs) first introduced in 1968 by RCA. It had a supply voltage range of 5V to 20V, which is much higher than any contemporary logic family.Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today.
The 4000 series was introduced as the CD4000 COS/MOS series in 1968 by RCA as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While initially marketed with "COS/MOS" labeling by RCA (which stood for Complementary Symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), the shorter CMOS terminology emerged as the industry preference to refer to the technology. The first chips in the series were designed by a group led by Albert Medwin.
Wide adoption was initially hindered by the comparatively lower speeds of the designs compared to TTL based designs. Speed limitations were eventually overcome with newer fabrication methods, leaving the older TTL chips to be phased out. The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s with new models that were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series. In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g. Texas Instruments) ported the 4000 series to newer HCMOS based designs to provide greater speeds.
The 4000 series facilitates simpler circuit design through relatively low power consumption, a wide range of supply voltages, and vastly increased load-driving capability (fanout) compared to TTL. This makes the series ideal for use in prototyping LSI designs. While TTL based design is similarly modular, it requires meticulous planning of a circuit's electrical load characteristics. Buffered models can accommodate higher electrical currents, but have a greater risk of introducing unwanted feedback.  Many models contain a high level of integration, including fully integrated 7-segment display counters, walking ring counters, and full adders.
- Logic gates
- 4013 – Dual D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q, clock, reset, set.
- 40174 – Hex D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data and Q. All share clock and reset.
- 40175 – Quad D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q. All share clock and reset.
- 4017 – Decade counter with 1-of-10 decoded output.
- 4026 – Decade counter with 7-segment digit decoded output.
- 40110 – Up/down decade counter with 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers.
- 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset.
- 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset.
- 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output decoder)
- 4511 – 4-bit BCD to 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers.
- 4047 – Monostable/astable multivibrator with external RC oscillator.
- 4060 – 14-bit ripple counter with external RC or crystal oscillator (long duration) (schmitt-trigger inputs) (can be used with 32.768 kHz crystal)
- 4541 – 16-bit ripple counter with external RC oscillator (long duration).
- 4051 – Single 8-channel analog mux.
- 4066 – Quad SPST analog switch.
- CMOS Cookbook; 4th Ed; Don Lancaster, Howard Berlin; Elsevier; 512 pages; 2019; . (archive)
- CMOS Sourcebook; 1st Ed; Newton Braga; Prompt Press; 390 pages; 2001; .
- Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits; 2nd Ed; Roger Melen and Harry Garland; Sams Publishing; 144 pages; 1979; . (archive)
- Second Book of CMOS IC Projects; 1st Ed; R.A. Penfold; Bernard Babani Publishing; 127 pages; 1979; . (archive)
- 50 CMOS IC Projects; 1st Ed; R.A. Penfold; Bernards Publishing; 112 pages; 1977; . (archive)
- RCA COS/MOS IC Manual; 170 pages; 1979; CMS-272.
- RCA COS/MOS IC Manual; TBD pages; 1971; CMS-270.
- Historical Databooks
Notes and References
- Web site: 1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented . . https://web.archive.org/web/20190723142758/https://www.computerhistory.org/siliconengine/complementary-mos-circuit-configuration-is-invented/ . July 23, 2019 . live.
- Web site: Wright, Maury. Milestones That Mattered: CMOS pioneer developed a precursor to the processor EDN, 6/22/2006 . 2006-07-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927173331/http://www.edn.com/article/CA6343247.html . 2007-09-27 . dead .
- Book: R. Jacob Baker. CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation. 2010. John Wiley & Sons. 978-1-118-03823-9. 7. 3rd.
- http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/scha004/scha004.pdf Understanding Buffered and Unbuffered CD4xxxB Series Device Characteristics. Texas Instruments
- Lancaster, Don. CMOS Cookbook,