a just society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to the common goode. Both the stability of society and the authority of government thus depended on the virtue of the citizenry-its capacity for selflessness, self-sufficiency, and courage.
a group of British political commentators, made attacks on the use of patronage and bribes by the king's ministers. they warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption.
Navigation Law of 1650
all goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in British vessels. It was aimed to hurt rival Dutch shippers
Prime minishter who, in 1763, ordered the British navy to begin stricly enforcing the Navigation laws. He also secured from parliament the Sugar Act of 1764, The Quartering Act, and the Stamp Act.
Sugar Act of 1764
first law ever passed by Parliament to raise tax revenue in the colonies for England. Increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.
Stamp Act of 1765
a tax on the colonies that was intended to raise revenues to support a new military force. This mandated the use of certifying payment of tax.
Stamp Act Congress of 1765
brought together in New York City, 27 distinguished delegates from 9 colonies. The members drew up a statement of their rights and grievances and requested the king and Parliament to repeal the hated legislation. The meeting's ripples began to erode sectional suspicions, for it had brought together around the same table leaders from the different and rival colonies. it was one step towards intercolonial unity.
The Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty
took law into their own hands by enforcing the nonimportation agreements.
passed by Parliament, reaffirming its right to bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever
passed in 1767 by parliament, it put a light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, paint, and tea.
March 5, 1770 a crowd of 60 townspeople attacted 10 redcoats. the redcoats opened fired on the civilians, killing/wounding 11 of them.
Prime Minister of England from 1770 to 1782. Although he repealed the Townshend Acts, he generally went along with King George III's repressive policies towards the colonies even though he personally considered them wrong. He hoped for an early peace during the Revolutionary War and resigned after Cornwallis' surrender in 1781.
master propagandist and engineer of rebellion; formed the first local committee of correspondence in Massachusetts in 1772 (Sons of Liberty)
British East India Company of 1773
overstocked with 17 million poundes of unsold tea. If the company collapsed, the London government would lose much money. therefore, the london governemtn gave the company a full monopoly of the tea sell in America. Fearing that it was trick to pay more taxes on tea, the Ameicans rejected the tea and hence, the boston tea party
the governor of Massachusetts. when the ships arrived, he forced the citizens to allow the ships to unload their tea.
December 16, 1773
Date of the Boston Tea Party. Bostonians, disguised as Indians, boarded the ships and dumped the tea into the sea.
Passed by Parliamet in 1774. Punished the MA people for Boston Tea Party, which restricted their rights. the laws restricted town meetings and stated that enforcing officials who killed colonies in the line of duty would be sent to Britain for trial.
Bostom Port Act
part of the intolerable acts. It closed Boston Harbor until damages were paid and order could be ensured.
the Quebec Act
passed in 1774, but was not a part of the intolerable acts. It gave catholic French Canadians religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law. This ,aw nullified many of the western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of quebec to the ohio river on the south and to the mississippi river on the west.
The First Continental Congress
in 1`774, met in Philidelphia in order to redress colonial grievances over the intolerable acts. The 13 colonies, excluding Georgia, sent 55 men to the convention. After 7 weeks of deliberation they drew up several papers, including a declaration of Rights and solemn appeals to other British-American colonies, to the king, and to the british people.
the most important outcome of the congress. It called for a complete boycott of british goods; nonimportation, non exportationm and nonconsumption.
Marquis de Lafayette
frenchman who was made a major general in the colonial army at the age of 19. The "French Gamecock"; his services were invaluable in securing further aid from France.
ARticles of Confederation
adopted in 1781. It was the first written constituion adopted by colonists
Baron von Steuben
German who helped to whip the Amerian fighters into shape for fighting the British