Aristotle (384-322): greatest philosopher of Antiquity, teacher of Alexander the Great.
Plato's most famous student was Aristotle of Stagira, the son of a Macedonian court physician and himself a physician too. After the death of his master, Aristotle, living in Assos, studied biology and accepted a position as teacher of the Macedonian crown prince Alexander at Mieza. When the Macedonians subdued Greece, Aristotle founded a school at Athens, the Lyceum.
Most of his writings are lost. What remains are his lecture notes, which were rediscovered in the first century BCE. During the last decades, scholars have started to re-examine the fragments of the lost works, which has led to important changes in our understanding of Aristotle's philosophy. However, the accepted view remains that he replaced his master's speculations with a more down-to-earth philosophy.
Among Aristotle's main works are
- the Prior Analytics (in which he described the rules of logic),
- the Physics,
- the Animal History,
- the Rhetorics,
- the Poetics (about tragedies),
- the Metaphysics,
- the Nicomachean Ethics,
- the Politics.
All these books have become classics, and it is not exaggerated to say that Aristotle is the most influential philosopher of all ages and the founder of modern science.
At the moment, several aspects of the Stagirite's philosophy are reconsidered. For example, it would appear that many scholarly views of Aristotle's ideas about the human soul, have been misunderstood.