|Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr.(1887-1940)
Black Nationalist Leader, Journalist, Orator
In 1914 Garvey returned to Jamaica, and shortly after established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), and the African Communities League (ACL), two organizations that promoted educational and industrial opportunities for black people. He arrived in New York City on March, 1916, where in 1918 he founded the Harlem branch of the UNIA and established a weekly newspaper, The Negro World. The paper served as the official organ of The UNIA and the ACL. At its height, its circulation was over 200,000, and the paper was distributed throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and in Central America. Many renowned black journalists including T. Thomas Fortune, Zora Neale Hurston, W.A. Domingo, Hubert Harrison, and John E. Bruce contributed articles to and/or edited The Negro World. It ceased publication in 1933.
During the paper's existence, Garvey suffered several financial disasters. In 1922 he was arrested for mail fraud. He served a two-year prison sentence and was later deported to Jamaica. During the last years of his life, Garvey lived in London, and made several unsuccessful attempts to revive the UNIA. He died on June 10, 1940.