WELCOME TO ANIMAL KINGDOM : WELCOME TO ANIMAL KINGDOM PRESENTED BY:
ROLL NO.# 95
GUARDIAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, PUNE.
B.Ed 2010-2011. UNIT PLAN SUMMARY : General differentiation of all animals can be done by every students , it’s a basic concept. However, in Standard IX , a student must be able to classify all animals according to its phyla and class depending upon its characteristics . Along with my students, I am putting an effort to make all students understand the detailed classification of the Animal Kingdom so that they can have a very clear concept about the same by this project.
I hope my efforts give fruitful results . UNIT PLAN SUMMARY TOPICS : Introduction To Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates and Vertebrates.
Classification of Invertebrates: Porifera, Coelenterates, Platehelminthis, Nemathelminthis, Annelida, Arthropods, Mollusks, Echinodermata.
Characteristics and examples of each Invertebrates.
Classification of Vertebrates: Cyclostomes, Pisces, Amphibians, Reptilians, Aves, Mammals.
Characteristics and examples of each Vertebrates. TOPICS Introduction : There are many different types of animals in the world. Many animals are quite similar to each other. Others are quite different. Animals can be classified based on their similarities. The object of classification is to bring together those things which are like, and to separate those which are unlike. The smallest group constituted is a SPECIES. A certain number of species having character in common, by which they resemble one another and differ from all other species, constitutes a GENUS; a group of genera, similarly associated, constitutes a FAMILY; a group of families, an ORDER; a group of orders, a CLASS; a group of classes, a SUBKINGDOM; while the latter, agreeing with one another only in the characters in which all animals agree, and in which they differ from all plants, make up the ANIMAL KINGDOM. Introduction HOW MANY ORGANISMS ARE THERE IN THIS WORLD? : HOW MANY ORGANISMS ARE THERE IN THIS WORLD? THERE ARE ABOUT ONE AND HALF MILLION SPECIES ON THIS EARTH!
18,000 bony fishes
900 cartilaginous fishes and jawless fishes ! INVERTEBRATES : INVERTEBRATES PORIFERA : PORIFERA ORGANISMS WITH HOLE IN THE BODY.
THEY ARE MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS.
NON-MOTILE, ATTACHED TO SOLID SUPPORT.
MAINLY FOUND IN MARINE HABITATS.
WHOLE BODY IS PERFORATED WITH PORES CALLED”OSTIA”.
EXAMPLES ARE…….. EXAMPLES OF PORIFERA : EXAMPLES OF PORIFERA PHYLUM-COELENTERATA : PHYLUM-COELENTERATA ALL COELENTERATES ARE MOSTLY AQUATIC.
THE SIMPLE BODY OF THESE ANIMALS ARE DIPLOBLASTIC WITH RADIAL SYMMETRY.
THEY HAVE A BODY CAVITY OR COELOM.
BODY HAS A SINGLE OPENING AT HYPOSTOME SURROUNDED BY TENTACLES.
THESE ANIMALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING.
EXAMPLES ARE…. EXAMPLES OF COELENTERATES : EXAMPLES OF COELENTERATES PHYLUM- PLATEHELMINTHES : PHYLUM- PLATEHELMINTHES COMMONLY KNOWN AS FLATWORMS.
ARE FLAT RIBBON LIKE STRUCTURES HAS THREE LAYERS OF CELLS I.E. TRIPLOBLASTIC.
HAVE “HOOKS” FOR ATTACHMENT TO HOST AND “SUCKER” TO ABSORB NUTRITION.
THEY ARE EITHER FREE-LIVING OR PARASITES.
EXAMPLES ARE….. EXAMPLES OF FLATWORMS : EXAMPLES OF FLATWORMS PHYLUM-NEMATHELMINTHES : PHYLUM-NEMATHELMINTHES Also known as Nematoda, is the phylum which includes all round worms.
Body is triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical as platyheminthes .
Body is cylindrical in shape.
They are parasites , causes disease in other animals including human beings.
There sexes are generally separate.
The primitive body cavity is present known as psuedocoelum.
A straight digestive tract begins with mouth and ends with an anus. EXAMPLES OF NEMATHELMINTHES : EXAMPLES OF NEMATHELMINTHES PHYLUM-ANNELIDA : PHYLUM-ANNELIDA These are triploblastic, cylindrical, segmented , burrowing worms having a bilateral symmetry.
They have a true coelum with simple organ systems.
They produce sexually but are hermaphrodite.
Locomotion occurs by setae.
They are found in marine , fresh water or on land.
Few of them are parasites . EXAMPLES OF ANNELIDS : EXAMPLES OF ANNELIDS PHYLUM-ARTHOPODA : PHYLUM-ARTHOPODA Arthopods are cosmopolitan, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical animals having jointed appendages for locomotion.
It is the largest group of animals.
The body is externally segmented and protected with chitinuous exo-skeleton.
Body is divided into three parts- head, thorax and abdomen.
Insects have two pair of wings and three pairs of jointed appendages.
Sexes are separate and reproduce by sexual means. EXAMPLES OF ARTHOPODS : EXAMPLES OF ARTHOPODS PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA : PHYLUM- MOLLUSCA The characteristic feature of this phylum is that their body is covered in a shell.
The body is non-segmented, soft, triploblastic, bilaterally symmetrical or can be asymmetric as in pila .
They are mostly aquatic.
The body is differentiated into three parts: Anterior head with sense organs, Dorsal visceral mass with organ system and Ventral foot for locomotion.
Examples are…. EXAMPLES OF MOLLUSCA : EXAMPLES OF MOLLUSCA ECHINODERMATA : ECHINODERMATA These are mostly marine, unisexual, triploblastic animals.
They have tough spiny exoskeleton made up of calcium carbonate.
Their body is unsegmented and hard, with radial symmetry.
They have developed coelum, and derive their food from water vascular system.
They have tube for locomotion.
They have “regeneration” capacity.
Examples are…. EXAMPLES OF ECHINODERMATA : EXAMPLES OF ECHINODERMATA PHYLUM- HEMICHORDATA : PHYLUM- HEMICHORDATA These are mostly marine or burrowing worm like animals with soft , unsegmented , triploblastic body having bilateral symmetry.
They all possess notochord only in embryonic stage.
The body has three distinct parts viz. Proboscis, collar and trunk.
They reproduce by sexual means.
They possess gill slits for respiration.
Examples are…. EXAMPLES OF HEMICHORDATA : EXAMPLES OF HEMICHORDATA VERTEBRATES : VERTEBRATES CYCLOSTOMATA : CYCLOSTOMATA Also known as Agnatha.
These are marine animals having fish-like body with bilateral symmetry.
They have “suctorial mouth” without jaws and unpaired fins.
Other characteristics are as other vertebrates like have backbone.
Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen and tail.
Closed blood vascular system and developed nervous system.
Examples are…. EXAMPLES OF AGNATHA : EXAMPLES OF AGNATHA PISCES (FISHES) : PISCES (FISHES) Fishes are exclusively aquatic and adapted to aquatic mode of life.
They have streamlined body with scales all over the skin.
They possess covered or uncovered gill slits for respiration.
They have paired fins which help them to swim in water.
Heart is two-chambered.
They are cold-blooded animals .
Fertilization is external and they are oviparous.
Some have endoskeletons made up of cartilage such as Sharks, while some have endoskeletons made up of both bone and cartilage as in Tuna, Rohu. EXAMPLES OF PISCES : EXAMPLES OF PISCES AMPHIBIA : AMPHIBIA As the name suggest, these animals are adaptive of both aquatic and land life.
They have scales but the skin has mucose gland that keep it moist and slimy.
They possess short fore limbs and long hind limbs with five webbed digits. However, Icthyophis is limbless.
Heart is three chambered and mixed blood circulates in the body.
They are unisexual, oviparous and fertilization is external.
Respiration is through gills in larval stage while adopt pulmonary or cutaneous respiration during dormant period.
Amphibians remain dormant in summer and winter period. Examples of amphibians : Examples of amphibians REPTILIA : REPTILIA They are commonly known as Crawling vertebrates.
These are cold-blooded animals , mostly terrestrial.
They have wither weak short limbs or even no limbs.
The body skin is dry, rough, and scaly.
Body is divided into Head, Neck, Abdomen, and Tail.
They are unisexual, oviparous having internal fertilization.
They have three chambered heart. Exception : Crocodile with four chambered heart.
Respiration is through lungs. EXAMPLES OF REPTILES : EXAMPLES OF REPTILES AVES : AVES Aves are well adapted to aerial mode of life.
They are warm blooded animals.
The heart is four chambered.
Respiration is by lungs.
The forelimbs is modified into wings and the body is covered with feathers as exoskeleton.
The body is streamlined , spindle shaped , light due to hollow bones.
The external part of mouth is developed into “beak”.
They are unisexual and oviparous animals that hatch the eggs. EXAMPLES OF AVES : EXAMPLES OF AVES MAMMALIA : MAMMALIA They are most evolved, warm blooded , mostly terrrestrial animals with body adapted to various surroundings.
They have mammary glands to produce milk to nourish their young ones.
Skin is covered with hair and has sweat and oil glands.
Are unisexual and viviparous.
Respiration by means of lungs.
Heart is four chambered.
They have Movable jaws, movable eyes , ear with movable pinna .
Presence of muscular diaphragm between thoracic and abdominal region.
They produce sound with active vocal cords. Examples of mammals…. : Examples of mammals…. And … the most important mammals are….. : And … the most important mammals are….. Human beings! : Human beings! GIVE THIS A SECOND THOUGHT…… : GIVE THIS A SECOND THOUGHT…… Slide 44: THANK YOU