The Tramways of
(Ciudad Juárez was called Paso del Norte until 1888. The river which separates it from El Paso, Texas, is called Río Bravo in Mexico but Rio Grande in the USA.)
Mexico had two international tramways which crossed the Río Bravo between Mexico and the USA. Actually there were three lines, since the circular route between Ciudad Juárez and El Paso crossed the river twice. (The other international tramway was at Nuevo Laredo.) Ciudad Juárez, in Chihuahua state, is 1,971 km from Mexico City and the northern terminus of the Mexican Central Railway. Its population was 30,000 in 1900 and is 1.2 million today.
In December 1881 Felipe Arellano secured a franchise to build a streetcar line and the following May acquired permission to run it to the USA. Arellano formed the Compañía del Ferrocarril Urbano y Puente de Paso del Norte (Paso del Norte Street Railway and Bridge Company), purchased trams from the John Stephenson Co. in New York, built a bridge at the end of Av. Lerdo and opened a mule-drawn tramway to El Paso in 1882 [see map]. This was the world's first international streetcar line. The steam railroad to Mexico City opened in 1884. Arellano built another tram line on the Av. Juárez bridge in 1888 and renamed his company Tranvías de Ciudad Juárez in 1898. Judging from the architecture and the "DON'T PARK" sign, the photograph reproduced on the postcard below was taken in El Paso [col. AM]:
An international streetcar line was a complex affair. Technically, there were separate tramway operations in both countries which ended at the border in the middle of the river. In practical terms, the tram systems in both countries and the lines between them were operated by the tramway company in El Paso, which acquired the Ciudad Juárez operation in 1900. The new El Paso Electric Railway ordered eight 9-bench electric trams from American Car Co. in 1901 and built a single clockwise loop line across both bridges: south on Stanton St. over the river to Av. Lerdo in Ciudad Juárez, then north on Av. Juárez onto El Paso St. back in El Paso [see map]. The new electric tramway - 5 km long and the fourth constructed in Mexico - was inaugurated on 11 January 1902. The postcard view below shows an open car going north on the Av. Juárez bridge, from Ciudad Juárez toward El Paso (note the sagging wire). The cameraman is facing east. [col. AM]:
The view below is south. Open car 2 has just crossed the Av. Juárez bridge and is arriving in the USA. It is signed for the "RACE TRACK" in Ciudad Juárez, where it will go after a swing through downtown El Paso [see map]. The hipódromo in Ciudad Juárez, which opened in 1909, brought many gringos across the border [pc, col. AM]:
El Paso Electric Railway purchased many more trams in succeeding years, including large 4-axle models from St. Louis, Brill and American Car. Number 72 below is one of six vehicles built by the latter manufacturer in 1906 [col. Juan Viladroza]:
Brill car 80 is one of six trams built as open models in 1905-1907 and later rebuilt closed and numbered 79-84. On this postcard view it is traveling west on Av. 16 de Septiembre in Ciudad Juárez [see map]. The tracks of the Mexican Central Railway cross in the background. Note the MONTERREY BAR [col. AM]:
The postcard below, from the 1930s, shows tram 83 of the same type crossing the Stanton St./Av. Lerdo bridge [see map]. The view is north; that's El Paso and Franklin Mountain in the background [col. AM]:
The view below, from the 1940s, shows tram 88 at the same spot as 83 above, traveling south on the Stanton St./Av. Lerdo bridge [see map]. Number 88 was one of six 8-wheel closed trams that El Paso Electric Railway purchased from St. Louis Car Co. in 1912 [pc, col. AM]:
The RACE TRACK line in Ciudad Juárez closed in 1945 and the remaining routes in El Paso in 1947. Thereafter the tram system was reduced to the circular international line across the bridges. The governments of both countries liked the tramway because it facilitated border control. But the vehicles were 40 years old. When the tramway system in San Diego, California, closed in 1949 El Paso purchased its PCC cars and gave its line a new life. The postcard below from the 1950s shows a PCC going west on Av. 16 de Septiembre in Ciudad Juárez - at the same corner as tram 80 in the fourth picture above. There is a new building on the corner and the MONTERREY BAR is now called OCHOA. The railroad tracks are more evident here [col. AM]:
The euphoria was short-lived. After 84 years of floods, strikes, border disputes and raids by Pancho Villa (who liked to snip the trolley wire), the international tramway closed completely in August 1966 so that the bridges could be rebuilt. The line reopened in November 1967, but closed again in July 1969 so that the Customs House could be enlarged. It reopened again in November 1970, but closed again in August 1971 so that streets could be widened. It reopened in October 1972, but closed again in July 1973 after a dispute with the toll collectors. When tram 1516 ventured into Mexico on 31 July 1973 it was confiscated by the Mexican government, which canceled the American company's right to operate in Mexico. Tram service resumed along a truncated route on the American side in November, but ended again on 4 May 1974. Car 1516 was returned to the U.S. in August, but despite renewed efforts tram service was never restored. The vehicles remained in the El Paso depot for several years, then were dispersed. In 1977 the mayor of Ciudad Juárez had the rails removed from his streets.
BIBLIOGRAPHY (in order of publication)
Mexico, Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Obras Públicas. Reseña Histórica y Estadística de los Ferrocarriles de Jurisdicción Federal, 1905. Mexico City, 1905. "Ferrocarril de Ciudad Juárez a la Línea Divisoria y Puente Internacional", pp. 46-48, describes franchises and early legal problems.
Tom P. Walker. "Folks May War; Cars Must Run" in AERA (New York), August 1925, pp. 87-91. Lurid account, by El Paso Electric Railway director, of the problems encountered on an international streetcar line.
"El Paso - Juárez". Modern Tramway (London), December 1974, pp. 337-339. Report about the off again on again tram service.
Henry J. Leinbach, Jr. "El Paso Electric Company, Transportation Division: A Tentative History" in Southern Traction (San Antonio) no. 9, 10 December 1975. Good history of the company and description of its equipment.
Oscar J. Martínez. Border Boom Town: Ciudad Juárez Since 1848. Austin, 1978. The streetcar squabbles, pp. 124-125.
Edward A. Ridolph, Jr. "The International Trolley" in National Railway Historical Society Bulletin (Philadelphia), January 1991, pp. 22-27. Brief history and details, map and photographs of the last days.
There are many more pictures of trams in Ciudad Juárez linked on my webpage about Electric Transport in Latin America.
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