According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, the wind-power-generating capacity in the United States grew by 39 percent between 2004 and 2009 and continues to grow. Even with the market only beginning to emerge, the U.S. produces enough power in wind farms to power over 9.7 million homes. As of 2009, the U.S. only utilized wind to fill 1.8 percent of its total energy demand with this clean, renewable resource. Opening your own wind farm, while requiring substantial capital and effort, can be a lucrative venture.
Search for specialized grants and loans, especially in states that have renewable power mandates. The Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency offers a list of loans and grants that can help in financing your project. For example, the U.S. Department of Treasury has a 30 percent grant for building a wind farm that expires on Dec. 31, 2011 but could be renewed.
Confirm the wind value of your desired location. Windustry, an advocate for the industry, advises that "15 mph wind speed contains nearly 60 percent more energy than a site with an average wind speed of 13 mph." Consult state wind resource maps, anemometer masts and meteorological data to verify consistent wind. The smoother and flatter the location, the better.
Verify the general practicality of your proposed location. You will need to be close enough to a power hub but far enough away to not disturb neighboring residents. Wind turbines can be 300 feet or taller, so verify zoning allows such structures, especially if you are near an airport.
Consult with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency field office in your area for site advice and approval. Some states or local governments may also require an environmental impact study of your site.
Contact your local energy provider to establish a contract for electricity purchases. Be advised that this power is subsidized by many state governments and is also mandated by many of the same agencies through a credit system.
Prepare to purchase or lease the land for your turbines. Some landowners will trade space on available property in exchange for free power and a percentage of profit. Only lease if you can secure a 30-year contract, the lifespan of most turbines.
Apply for an Employer Identification Number at IRS.gov and a sales tax license at your state's secretary of state's office, if necessary. Consult with this office as to state permits required to operate a wind farm. Obtain a local permit and planning and zoning approval for the proposed site.
Hire a construction firm specializing in wind power to construct your turbines. Most of these firms also will maintain your equipment or will train your staff on the maintenance procedures.
Establish a connection from your turbines to the electrical grid as directed by your contract. Once you are connected to the grid, your power production can be monitored.
- Large, open space
- Consult your insurance agent for industry-specific products regarding wind farms.
- Consider slow seasons, wind drops, snow and ice drag, and other factors as you estimate your production. Every area is different.
- Consult residents of surrounding areas to discuss the farm and dispel myths about the negative aspects of wind farming.
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics: Careers in Wind Energy
- Windustry: Know Your Business Structure
- "ReNew"; How to Start a Wind Farm; September 2010
- Energy Savers: Small Wind Electric Systems
- U.S. Mission: Wind Power Becoming Competitive With Coal; Karin Rives
- The California Energy Commission; California Green Jobs; Peter Asmus
- Windfarm Action Group: Start Here
- DSIRE: Federal Incentives/Policies for Renewables & Efficiency
- Windustry: Know Your Economics
- U.S. Department of Energy: Key Aspects in Developing a Wind Power Project
- U.S. Department of Energy; Guide to Renewable Energy; October 2010
- U.S. International Trade Commission; Wind Turbines -- Industry & Trade Summary; June 2009
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