APA In Text Citation of Resources
Work with one author
Normally, an in-text citation will be introduced with a
"signal phrase" that includes the author’s last name,
followed by the year of publication in parentheses. The
page number in the source document, preceded by a
"p.", should appear in parentheses immediately after the
In cases when the author's name is not in the signal
phrase, enclose the author's last name, the year, and
the page number, in parentheses at the end of the
As Smith (1998) observed, "There was only one way to go
after that" (p. 97).
“There was only one way to go after that” (Smith, 1998, p.
Work with two authors
If the work cited has two authors, name both authors in
the signal phrase and in parentheses at the end of the
quotation. For the latter, separate their names with the
Work with three to five authors
Identify all authors in the signal phrase or parentheses
the first time you cite the source.
In subsequent citations, use the first author’s name
followed by “et al.” in either the signal phrase or the
In 2003, Berkowitz, Wadden, Tershakovec, and Cronquist
concluded, “Sibutramine . . . must be carefully monitored
in adolescents, as in adults, to control increases in [blood
pressure] and pulse rate” (p. 1811).
As Berkowitz et al. (2003) advised, “weight-loss
medications should be used only on an experimental basis
for adolescents”(p. 1811).
(Berkowitz et al., 2003).