By Ruth Kennedy, Simon Meecham-Jones
The conquest of Wales via the medieval English throne produced a fiercely contested territory, either militarily and culturally. Wales was once left fissured through frontiers of language, jurisdiction and loyalty—a reluctant assembly position of literary traditions and political cultures. however the profound outcomes of this primary colonial event at the improvement of medieval English tradition were omitted. In surroundings English figurations of Wales opposed to the contrasted representations of the Welsh language culture, this quantity seeks to opposite this overlook, insisting at the the most important value of the English event in Wales for any figuring out of the literary cultures of medieval England and medieval Britain.
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Extra resources for Authority and Subjugation in Writing of Medieval Wales (The New Middle Ages)
Gwyn A. Williams, When Was Wales? (London: Penguin, 1991), 304. 2. Gillingham quotes with approval the judgment of Corrigan and Sayer: “Corrigan and Sayer suggest, surely rightly, that for the English to construe the brutality of conquest and/or the rapacity of commerce as a ‘civilizing mission,’ ‘took a national culture of extraordinary self-confidence and moral rectitude’”; P. Corrigan and D. Sayer, The Great Arch: English State Formation as Cultural Revolution (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985), quoted in John Gillingham, The English in the Twelfth Century (Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer, 2000), 3.
It is probable that the compiler is not being hostile to or being threatened by English language culture, and that this English material is considered to be native writing, not foreign, imported writing. In Wales, English is one of the secondary languages, and as such has a place in Welsh culture. One of the most interesting features of this manuscript comes with what the compiler has to say about Welsh identity. This appears in the Welsh language preface to the account in Welsh of the legend of the history and significance of the oil that was miraculously given to Thomas Becket.
There is, however, yet another aspect of Peniarth 50 that should be considered when we try to assess the purpose and function of the manuscript, namely the sixteen items of Middle English prose and seven items of Middle English verse. 21 It would seem that in this manuscript and others like it, Middle English functions as one of the minority languages of Wales; that is, it is not regarded as a foreign language. The English may be seen as the oppressors, but the English language is not regarded as a symbol of the foreigners.