The circuit is shown in fig (a) in which C1 is the capacitor under test, R1 is an imaginary resistance representing its dielectric loss component; C3 is a standard capacitor, C4 is a variable capacitor and R2 and R4 are known non-inductive resistors. The resistance R2 is variable.
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)
Under balance conditions
C1 = (C3 R4 cos2 δ)/R2
Where δ is known as a loss angle of capacitor and sin δ is known as pf of the capacitor.
Imperfect Capacitor as a Series Circuit. An alternative method to that of representing an imperfect capacitor diagrammatically as a perfect capacitor C1, in parallel with a resistance R1, is to represent it as a perfect capacitor Cs in series with resistance Rs¬ as illustrated in fig. 9.20 (b).
Under balance condition Rs = C4/C3 R2 and Cs = R4/R2 C3 Generally C4 and R4 are chosen as the variable elements in order to get both of the balance equations independently.
The Schering bridge circuit is also used for the measurement of relative permittivity of the specimens of dielectric materials. This involves measuring the capacitance of a small capacitor with the specimen as dielectric. The electrode configuration normally used is either parallel-plate or concentric-cylinder guard circuits being used to make the plate area definite.
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