Hypertrophic cardiomyopahty (HCM, HOCM) is a myocardial disease resulting in marked hypertrophy of the ventricle due to genetic abnormalities. HCM can be a cause of sudden cardiac death. Assessment by echocardiography is very important in diagnosis, assessing prognosis and follow up.
- type I - septal anterior hypertrophy
- type II - septal anterior and septal posterior hypertrophy
- type III - septal and antero-lateral hypertrophy
- type IV - antero-lateral and/or septal posterior hypertrophy
- type V - concentric hypertrophy
- type VI - apical hypertrophy
- Left ventricular hypertrophy - usually asymmetric hypertrophy involving the interventricular septum.
- Report wall thickness, ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass.
- The hypertrophied septum can almost obliterate the cavity.
- Left atrium is usually enlarged due to the elevated ventricular pressure.
- Aortic valve leaflet flutter during closure
- Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
- Colour flow mapping shows turbulence at the left ventricular outflow tract.
- Continuous wave Doppler through the outflow tract in the apical 5 chamber view shows presence of LVOT gradient if any.