Who is the founder of psychoanalytical therapy?
What is the significance of the unconscious in psychoanalytical therapy?
Help client recognize how embedded beliefs and habitual reactions contribute to distress
What are the three systems of personality according to the Freudian Analytical view?
Id, Ego, Superego
Define the id
The part of personality, present at birth, that is blind, demanding, and insistent. Its function is to discharge tension and return to homeostasis. Ruled by the pleasure principle.
Define the ego
The part of the personality that is the mediator between external reality and inner demands.
Define the superego
The superego represents the traditional values and ideals of society as they are handed down from parents to children. It functions to inhibit the id impulses, to persuade the ego to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones, and to strive for perfection.
Freud believed in stages of psychosexual development that influenced personality development. What are these stages.
Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latency Stage Genital Stage
What are the ego-defense mechanisms? Define 3
REPRESSION: Threatening or painful thoughts and feelings are excluded from awareness
DENIAL:closing one’s eyes to the existence of a threatening aspect of reality
REACTION FORMATION: actively expressing the opposite impulse when confronted with a threatening impulse
PROJECTION: attributing to others one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses
DISPLACEMENT: directing energy toward another object or person when the original object or person is inaccessible
RATIONALIZATION: manufacturing good reasons to explain away a bruised ego
SUBLIMATION: diverting sexual or aggressive energy into other channels
REGRESSION: going back to an earlier phase of development when there were fewer demands
INTROJECTION: taking in and swallowing the values and standards of others
IDENTIFICATION: identifying with successful causes, organizations, or people in the hope that you will be perceived as worthwhile
COMPENSATION: masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations
What is transference?
The client’s unconscious shifting to the therapist of feelings and fantasies, both positive and negative, that are displacements from reactions to significant others from the client’s past.
What is countertransference?
The therapist’s unconscious emotional responses to a client that are likely to interfere with objectivity; unresolved conflicts of the therapist that are projected onto the client.
What is free association?
A primary technique, consisting of spontaneous and uncensored verbalization by the client, which gives clues to the nature of the client’s unconscious conflicts.
What is dream analysis?
A technique for uncovering unconscious material and giving clients insight into some of their unresolved problems. Therapists participate with clients in exploring dreams and in interpreting possible meanings.
What is resistance?
The client’s reluctance to bring to awareness threatening unconscious material that has been repressed.
What does the psychoanalytic approach look like in practice?
Use of silence Nonjudgmental interpretation (hunches, not pronouncements of truth)
What are Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial stages?
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair
Define the Object Relations Theory.
A new version of psychoanalytic thinking, which focuses on predictable developmental sequences in which early experiences of self shift in relation to an expanding awareness of others. It holds that individuals go through phases of autism, normal symbiosis, and separation, and individuation, culminating in a state of integration.
Define the Relational Model.
A model that characterizes therapy as an interactive process between client and therapist in which countertransference provides an important source of information about the client’s character and dynamics.
Define Self Psychology.
A theory that emphasizes how we use interpersonal relationships (self objects) to develop our own sense of self.
Name two art therapists that implement the psychoanalytic theory.
Margaret Naumburg & Edith Kramer
Describe an art therapy intervention related to the psychoanalytic approach.
Round robin dream analysis activity.
Define 3 of Jung’s important concepts.
ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY: focuses on the role of symbolic experiences in human life
COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS: the part of the unconscious mind which is derived form ancestral memory and experience and is common to all humankind, as distinct from the individual’s unconscious.
PSYCHIC ENERGY: carries emotions, expressed through persona (mask)
SHADOW: thoughts, feelings, and actions that we tend to disown by projecting them outward
ARCHETYPES/ SYMBOLS: The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious.
COMPLEX: emotionally charged collection of images and ideas in the psyche.
What is individuation?
the harmonious integration of the conscious and the unconscious aspects of personality.
Name 3 Key concepts of psychoanalytic therapy?
The unconscious, the importance of early development, and transference/ countertransference.