What is Nonprobability Sampling?
Sampling can be defined as the process of selecting one or several smaller units (e.g., people residing a locality, or similar types of organizations) so that by studying these smaller groups, we can understand and categorize the bigger groups from which they were chosen. Sometimes the size of a certain group or community is so large; it can become extremely problematic and costly to conduct a certain research among them. This is where Sampling comes into play.
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Nonprobability Sampling can be definedas the type of sampling that does not rely on random selection of subgroups. But that does not mean that Nonprobability Samplingis less effective. It means that Nonprobability Sampling does not depend on the Theory of Probability. Nonprobability Sampling does not ensure the fact that the selection of subgroups chosen represents the larger group to its full extent. That is why researchers depend on the processes that follow the Rule of Probability, and consider them to be more trustworthy.
Types Of Nonprobability Sampling
Nonprobability Sampling Can Be Broadly Classified Into Two Parts:
1) Accidental Nonprobability Sampling
2) Purposive Nonprobability Sampling
Purposive Samplingis the method that is chosen most of the times when Nonprobability Sampling is considered. This is because, whenever a Sampling is done, it is done with a definite goal in mind, and is done while undertaking a fixed procedure. The more important among the classifications are the ones which are within Purposive Nonprobability Sampling.
Purposive Nonprobability Sampling
Accident /Haphazard/convenience Purposive Sampling is the kind of sampling that we get to see almost every day. Almost each of us has participated in one or the other research where we a person on the street walks up to us and asks us to fill out a form of some kind. This is the most common example. Another example would be where we see people from the news channels standing outside the cinema theatres to talk to the public about their opinion of the movie. More often than not, patients at a clinic are also used as samples for this kind of Sampling. But as can be seen from the examples, it is not always necessary that the people being chosen as the samples, will necessarily represent the group.
Purposive Sampling is done as and when we have a fixed Purpose in mind. This is also the kind of research that a lot of us must have seen, as we walk through a shopping mall and a person walks up to us and asks if they can interview us. In such cases, the people conducting the research are provided with some pre requisites, for example, a researcher in a shopping mall can be notified to only talk females between the ages of 25 to 30.
With Purposive Sampling, it is most likely to get the opinion of the sample that we are choosing.
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