111. What is a hāl accusative?
A hāl accusative is a noun mentioned after a complete sentence in order to describe the state of the actor, the objective compliment, or the prefixed noun when the verb took place. The noun can be replaced by a nominal sentence. For example: جاء القائدُ ظافراً (The leader came in a state of victory.)
112. How many types of hāl accusatives are there?
There are three types of hāl accusatives:
• Single: جاء القائد ظافراً
• Sentence: اُطلُبِ العلم و أنتَ فتی (Seek knowledge while you are young.)
• Fragment: رأیتُ الهلالَ بینَ السحاب (I saw the crescent moon in between the clouds.)
113. What is the condition of the singular hāl accusative and what it refers to?
The condition of a singular hāl accusative is that it must be a non-apalistic indefinite noun and what it refers to must be definite. For example: زرتُ الحَيَّ عامراً (I visited the village while it was flourishing)
114. When is the hāl accusative a singular definite noun?
A singular hāl accusative is definite if it can be explained as being indefinite. For example:
جاء التلمیذُ وَحدَهُ (The student came alone.)
115. When is the hāl accusative a singular apalistic noun?
The singular hāl accusative is apalistic if it can be explained as a word derived from something. For example: کرَّ عليٌّ أسداً ('Alī returned like a lion.)
116. How many kinds of hāl sentences are there?
There are two types of hāl sentences: nominal and verbal.
117. What is the hāl sentence conditional on?
The condition of the hāl sentence is that it must have a connection with what it refers to either by:
• a pronoun, if it is a verbal sentence and it refers to a definite noun. For example: جاء الغلامُ یَرکُضُ (The servant came riding [an animal].)
• a wāw of hāl, if it is a nominal sentence. For example: خَرَجُوا مِن دِیارِهِم وَ هُم أُلُفٌ (They left their homes while they were in thousands.)