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Empowering women and villages in rural Myanmar
As the sun sets over the western hemisphere, the earth’s surface begins to glow.
At night huge, shimmering clusters of light transform the developed world.
On the other side of the planet, something very different is happening.
Myanmar and its vast forested wilderness slips into blackness, and the landscape comes alive with a symphony of sounds. Insects, birds, the low steady rumble of a bull Asian elephant in the distance.
In a small clearing, a woman steps up onto a rattan stool. With a concentrated expression and screwdriver in hand, she tightens the final bolt securing a plastic box to the bamboo wall of her home. Stepping down she reaches for a small switch, and presses it.
“It works,” she says in Burmese with a humble smile.
She is Naw Yoe Lay, a mother of two from Hin Ka Pi, a rural village nestled deep in the mountainous region that straddles the border between Myanmar and Thailand. Naw Yoe Lay has just installed her village’s first solar powered light, and subsequently marked the beginning of a new era of opportunity for her family and community.
THE ENERGY ISSUE
Across the globe, more than one billion people are living without access to electricity. In Myanmar that’s 62% of the population, most of whom live rurally. Extending power grids to these areas is an expensive and complicated business, but energy is an essential tool. Without it Myanmar’s rural communities will be left behind as the rest of the country leaps forward into an unprecedented phase of rapid development.
“Education, small businesses, medicine. Electricity makes it all happen,” says Shoon So Oo, WWF-Myanmar’s Energy Manager.
Shoon joined WWF-Myanmar in 2015. His job is to develop a plan for renewable power across the country, as well as to establish community models for rural areas. The idea is this: give Myanmar’s entire population access to renewable energy and in doing so avoid the continued degradation of Myanmar’s natural resources.
To deliver on this ambition, WWF is taking action at both a national level and on the ground.
A JOURNEY WORTH MAKING
At the beginning of 2017, five women from three villages in rural Myanmar boarded a plane for the very first time. They were heading to the Barefoot College in India, where they would meet other women from all over the world and together train to become solar engineers. They learned to set up, install, maintain and repair solar home systems using the universal languages of colour coding, illustrated instructions and repetition.
“We learned about all kinds of circuits and machines, but also about health and how to build useful things like stoves. I have never been away from my husband for more than one day in the past so I missed him dearly, but it is worth it to bring electricity to my home,” says Ma San Maw, another of the women who travelled to India to study at the Barefoot College.
Finally in October 2017 after six long months thousands of miles from home, (“and strange food,” says Ma San Maw, giggling), the women return. The reunification is warm - embraces, smiles, and tears in equal measure.
“We missed mum a lot, but dad cried more. Every day he hiked to the top of the mountain, where there is phone reception, to call her. I think he’s very happy she has come back,” says the eldest daughter of Naw Yoe Lay. “My wife has finally returned, and she brings electricity for the whole community. I am very proud of her,” adds Naw Yoe Lay’s husband.
LIFE BEFORE LIGHT
Early the next morning Naw Yoe Lay is sitting cross-legged on the floor with two of the other women. WWF’s energy team has just delivered stacks of boxes filled with home solar systems and solar lanterns. They line the walls of the women’s newly constructed workshop paid for with money pooled by the community. This money also covers a salary for each of the women, but would have once been spent on expensive, inefficient diesel for the shared generator. Morning sun streaks through the wooden slats and nimble fingers strip plastic coating from cables as the women talk.
“We have had a lot of difficulties living here. The kids can’t study at night because the candles are always blowing out. Cooking, sewing, everything is just difficult,” says Ma San Maw.
“And if you have an emergency,” adds one of the other solar engineers, or affectionately named 'solar mamas', Naw Pho Doe, shaking her head, “it’s really bad news. We have to use a lighter to go to the health officer’s house, but there are dangerous animals out there like venomous snakes.”
“The kids’ safety and education is what we are most concerned about. We want them to have the opportunities we did not,” says Naw Yoe Lay.
COMPLEX PROBLEM, SIMPLE ANSWER
Myanmar is a land of astonishing natural beauty. Its lush forests are home to rare and endangered species. Its rivers flow freely and feed the nation. Its mountains are steeped in cultural and historical significance. But all of this faces imminent threats, and in the rush for development poor choices could impact the landscape for generations to come. Myanmar has a chance to avoid the energy mistakes of its neighbours by using a clean, green technology that will safeguard the country’s natural wonders and biodiversity. The women from villages such as Hin Ka Pi are illuminating a sustainable, inclusive path for the rest of the country to follow, proving that we can be set free from a dependence on destructive fossil fuels.
This year 235 houses have been electrified by WWF together with the Barefoot College.
“With one thousand more planned for 2018,” says Shoon, “and I wish tens of thousands to follow in 2019. Knowing this electrification will sustain is the best satisfaction we can have. I see a bright future, pun intended,” he adds with a broad smile.
As the night falls over Hin Ka Pi, the final solar panel has just been installed at the village leader’s house. One by one, each household flicks a switch, and the dusty streets are illuminated. A group of children take position for a game; others venture inside to watch their first film on a portable DVD player. A few young men and women prepare nets, heading out to fish for dinner in a nearby stream. Naw Yoe Lay and her friends stand back for a brief moment, watching.
“Things will get easier now,” she says.
Watch our video to follow the “solar sisters” as they come back to their village.
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