For electrical appliances connected to a single-phase circuit, you are mostly right. Most appliances will even work on both 50 and 60 Hz.
Without being specific on the differences between India and UK, there are however a few other issues to consider:
Especially in poorer countries with unreliable distribution networks, the actual voltage may vary a lot from the specified voltage. Operating an electrical appliance both below and above its rated voltage may lead to damage.
Even if plugs and sockets are partially compatible and seem to fit, you may not achieve a proper grounding if required. It is at least a potential safety hazard if you connect an appliance requiring a grounded outlet to a ungrounded socket or an incompatible socket, causing the grounding pin to be left unconnected.
Safety requirements for electrical appliances vary greatly from country to country. Even if an appliance works and it (for some definition of safe) is safe to use, it is in some countries illegal to operate equipment not approved by a national certification organization.
One oddity of UK electrical installations is that most plugs have to be fused. Using a cheap travel adapter without a fuse may be a fire hazard. This is not just about multiple layers of safety as suggested by Rory in his comment. In the UK, an entire housing unit is usually wired with a single circuit protected by a 30/32A fuse. In most other 230V-countries, multiple circuits protected by 10 or 16A fuses are used instead. Without a fused plug, a malfunctioning appliance may in the UK cause the full 30/32A to be drawn through the appliance' mains cable, which is very unlikely designed for so high currents. The high current may cause the cable to warm up and catch fire. In other countries, the main fuse will trip at a lower current, so that securing the mains cable itself with a smaller fuse is not required.
For high-wattage appliances (heaters, stoves, ACs) requiring a multi-phase connection (usually three-phase or split-phase), there are several more issues to consider and in some cases even unusual variations within the same country. AFAIK, both India and UK have 400V Y-connected three-phase-networks, so you should not have any problems.