For example, vertical soil or rock surfaces. Glass : tempered glass is the choice recommended in high rise buildings as opposed to plain glass as it can resist various live loads and would not shatter. Some advantages and disadvantages of the type of materials used are: non corrosive, easy in casting (in situ) plasticity. Disadvantages can be, the cost to construct the dead weight, (weight associated with the structure) and the challenge or difficulty which may be encountered when pouring
The concrete should be used as efficient as possible. Nowadays researches efforts are continuously looking for new, better and efficient construction method. Various theories related to the analysis of structural elements reduced the self-weight of element for a given load- carrying capacity. Structural material optimization can reduce the dead load which reduce the contribution of seismic effect in high rise structures and also very good at the vibration dampers and heat isolation. According to the natural behaviour of the concrete, it is strong in compression and weak in tension.
Use Function Parameter: This is the default option and it uses function type parameter of walls, floors and building pads to determine the building elements considered to be part of the building envelope. ii. Identify Exterior Elements: Uses a combination of ray-casting and flood fill algorithms in order to identify the building elements that are exposed to the outside of the building, the building
Truss engineering is the design and creation of trusses that are made of one or more potential materials. Trusses are crafted from a straight and slender pieces of material manufactured then connected at various joints to form a triangular shape. The common purpose of truss is to construct a large structure with the shape and design of truss adding strength and weather resistance to the overall structure(Šimi & Ilijaš, 2012). Truss can be designed as planar trusses, which are a two dimensional shape that commonly used in roofs and floors while space trusses are three dimensional shapes. Multiple trusses can also be combined.
These materials have been used for both structural and appearance purposes. That is to say, they work to bear load and give the building a facade. Dry walls and wooden panelling have also been used inside. Steel beams are also easily identifiable supporting the stair cases made of concrete. The building itself is constructed with a wide array of structural elements.
It allows fast replacing of cast in situ concrete to shape beams, walls, slabs and columns. It is preferred for the wall construction instead of columns and beams due to a lot of repetitive of the same wall components in building wall frame. Its components are widely available in standard sizes and stiffened using built in stiffeners or tie roads to tolerate the concrete pressure when concreting is being done. This system provides a rapid speed of installation, less cost and simplicity in instruments. It also gives excellent accuracy and good interior finishing which ends the need of
of architecture which including history, identity, culture, prosperity or spirit of a city. Accordingly, to reach this process of the dialectics of nature, tradition, and modern avant-garde architecture, Frampton constituted a theoretical background representing critical regionalism. In addition to that critical regionalism adopts the principle of the tectonic reality and place in architecture. In other words, the architect should create the tectonic reality by using the physical dimensions of the site consisting of topography, climate; the sensual features consisting of light, heat, weather movements as well as the visual features and even the materials that are taken by the foreign resources as well as the local resources. For this, the integration
This chapter will summarise key findings from secondary research. The key topics comprise of the following: • A detailed review of the key concepts and principles of whole life building costs. • Highlight the features, importance and benefits of whole life building cost analysis. • Detail best practice guidelines for whole life building cost analysis. • Outline the data requirements for whole life building cost analysis with a detailed analysis of the importance of using accurate and most up to date information.
The molding machines help product manufacturers to meet the market needs through better quality and cost. It is ideal for manufacturing numerous plastic parts or products with low production cost. Pros of Plastic Injection Molding: Express Production – This modernized method for plastic product manufacturing features higher output. The process takes minimal time with a consistent production assurance. You production unit can complete high quantity consignments before the product delivery deadline.