1:Rock-hewn winepress. The winepress has a square treading floor (2.8 × 2.9 m), a settling pit (0.8×0.9 m), a collecting vat (1.2 × 1.4 m) and a hewn channel that connected them (Figs. 2, 3). The shape of the winepress is characteristic of the Second Temple period.
2. Concentration of cupmarks. Dozens of rock-hewn cupmarks in bedrock outcrops; some are shallow and elliptical (length 0.3–0.4 m, width 0.2–0.3 m, depth 0.05–0.15 m) and some deep and circular (diam. 0.6 m, depth 0.7 m; Figs. 4, 5). The elliptical cupmarks occurred mostly in groups. A narrow shallow channel led to one of the circular cupmarks, indicating that they were used in some activity connected with liquids. A shallow rectangular basin (length 1.5 m, width 0.8 m, depth 0.1 m) was discovered next to the cupmarks.
3: Cupmarks. Circular cupmarks hewn in bedrock outcrops (diam. 0.3–0.4 m, depth 0.05–0.15 m).
5: Cupmarks. Circular cupmarks (diam. 0.3–0.4 m, depth 0.10–0.15 m) and elliptical cupmarks (length 0.3–0.4 m, width 0.2–0.3 m, depth 0.05–0.15 m), hewn in bedrock outcrops.
6: Burial cave. An elongated entrance corridor (1.6 × 4.0 m, depth 1 m; Fig. 6), hewn from the surface and leading south to a square shaft (0.7 × 0.7 m, depth 0.5 m). A hewn cave opening (0.4 × 0.6 m) surrounded by a carefully dressed sunken frame is located in the southern side of the shaft. The cave was not excavated; however, two loculi were noted in its northern and eastern sides. The cave appears to have been plundered.
7: Beginning of a quarry (?). A rectangular rock-cutting (0.7 × 0.8 m, depth 0.18 m; Fig. 7), which could be the beginning of a quarry that has never been developed.
7A: Cupmarks. A cluster of shallow circular cupmarks (diam. 0.55 m, depth 0.23 m), hewn in a bedrock outcrop (Fig. 8).
8: Hewn winepress. The winepress consisted of a square treading floor (2.6 × 3.0 m) and a settling pit (0.65 × 0.70 m), which is connected to a collecting vat (1.2 × 1.6 m) via a hewn channel. A rounded stone that was used in the secondary pressing of the grapes was found in the collecting vat (Figs. 9, 10). The shape of the winepress is characteristic of the Second Temple period.
8A: Bodeda. A rock-hewn bodeda for the production of small olive oil amounts (Fig. 11). The bodeda consisted of three parts: a narrow ring (diam. 0.2 m) leading to a shallow cupmark (diam. 0.15 m) that was alongside another shallow cupmark (diam. 0.5 m).
9: Bodeda. A bodeda hewn in a bedrock outcrop (Fig. 12). The bodeda was composed of two shallow cupmarks (diam. 0.6m and 0.9 m).
10: Hewn tomb. A hewn courtyard (2.5 × 3.0 m; Fig. 13), in whose northern side was an opening surrounded by a sunken frame that led to a burial cave. The tomb was not excavated.
10A: Hewn tomb. A hewn rectangle (0.8 × 2.4 m); it has a narrow rock-cut staircase descending north, toward the opening of a burial cave, which was filled with soil and not excavated. The cave appears to have been plundered.
10B: Hewn tomb. A hewn rectangle (0.8 × 2.4 m); it has a narrow rock-cut staircase descending north, toward the opening of a burial cave. The entrance to this cave is identical to that of Cave 10A. The cave itself was not excavated and it appears to have been plundered.
11: Quarry. A bedrock surface (c. 40 sq m; Figs. 14, 15), having severance channels and negatives of different size building stones. A segment of a later, boulder-built field wall (length 2.25 m) was in the middle of the quarry.
12: Quarry and bodeda. A bedrock surface with severance channels and signs of rock-cuttings (Fig. 16). A small bodeda is hewn in the bedrock next to the quarry. The installation consists of a circular depression (diam. 0.2 m) and two short channels (Fig. 17).
The excavation finds are well known and characteristic of the region. The winepresses are typical of the Second Temple period, and the bodedot and quarries are probably also from the same period. In all likelihood, the installations are part of the agricultural hinterland of Khirbat Hammada. The burial caves are probably also from this period. The various cupmarks are difficult to date and they may allude to activity that transpired in earlier periods.