Published on May 28th, 2018 | by Seth Campbell0
Sin & The Oppressed
In Matthew 1:20-21, Joseph is told, “Joseph, son of David, do not fear to take Mary as your wife, for that which is conceived in her is the of the Holy Spirit; she will bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.”
In Hebrew, these words provide a wordplay that is lost in Greek and in English. “Jesus” in Hebrew is Yesua and the verb “to save” is yasa. Jesus’ name is a variant of the name Joshua, both of which mean “YHWH is salvation.” Both names derive from the verb yasa. So, if we were to combine these Hebrew terms with the English translation, it would be rendered, “His name will be called Yesua for he will yasa his people from their sin.”
The first century Jews in Israel were living in occupied land and were being actively oppressed by the Romans. Before the Romans, it was the Greeks. Before the Greeks, it was the Persians. Before the Persians, it was the Assyrians. Before it was the Assyrians, it was the Babylonians. Are you sensing a pattern?
At the time of Jesus, much of the land was owned by foreigners who controlled huge estates. Local farmers were obligated to rent the land that their family had owned (that was given to them by God, no less) and were often treated unfairly in the process.
In situations like these, of political and economic oppression, people naturally want salvation, but from what? The salvation they seek is deliverance from their oppressors. I have previously written on this topic regarding the religio-political faction of the Zealots that existed at the time of Jesus. In that article, regarding Jesus’ triumphal entry, I wrote:
Jesus begins his procession into a city that is packed with people celebrating the Passover. Passover was a significant Zealot holiday because it was a reminder of God’s deliverance. And Jesus, who already had a reputation, came to Jerusalem from the east on a donkey. The crowd, then, begins to chant, “Hosanna.” This certainly can mean “Save us from our sin” or “Save us from the penalty of death which we are under,” but in that context on that day in that place, “Hosanna” meant “Save us from these ROMANS!” which, coupled with the palm branches, unequivocally meant, “If you’re the Messiah, if you’re the King, come and destroy our enemies. Wipe out the pagans. Kill them all!”
An oppressed community perceives it’s own faults as dwarfed by the enormity of it’s suffering from others. For that community, there is little toleration for any talk of their sins and their need of salvation from those sins. Any discussion of its sins would be understood as belittling and harsh. In other words, it takes a brave man or woman to tell the oppressed, suffering community that it needs salvation from its own sins.
Joseph is told that Mary’s child’s name is Yesua, Jesus, and the angel tells him that this is no coincidence. It’s because he will yasa, he will save his people…from their sins. This is surely an important part of why Jesus faced opposition and his life ended with him hanging on a cross. It shouldn’t surprise us considering he aligned himself with a prophet named John who also insisted on saying critical things about his own people despite their oppression. He ended up with his head on a platter.
Regarding John, look at Zechariah’s song that Luke records. Luke 1:68-71 reads:
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel,
for he has visited and redeemed his people,
and has raised up a horn of salvation for us
in the house of his servant David,
as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from old,
that we should be saved from our enemies,
and from the hand of all who hate us. (emphasis added)
Zechariah’s song up to this point is, for lack of a better term, “politically correct.” This is exactly what the people wanted to hear. Messiah will come and drive out their oppressors, the Romans, the Gentiles. God will save them from their enemies and from the hand of all who hate him. But Zechariah continues in Luke 1:76-77 about his son, John, saying:
For you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways,
to give knowledge of salvation to his people
in the forgiveness of their sins. (emphasis added)
Here Zechariah uncovers the real problem. The community’s issue not merely “those who hate us” but they are in need of salvation from their own sins. The oppressed are also sinners! There is a powerful illustration of this in Luke 13.
Some came to Jesus reporting a story that Pilate had killed some worshipers while they were offering sacrifices at the great high altar. What could be worse than this? A group of religiously devout pilgrims were murdered by a foreign occupying army at the most sacred moment in the most sacred place! Put in Christian terms, imagine a government official gunning down a pastor and his people in a middle of a communion service! This is the story Jesus was confronted with about Pilate. He was told this story of an atrocity that happened in his neighborhood. With his opponents there to monitor his response, Jesus would have been expected to tear his robe, beat his chest, and cry out, “How long, O Lord! When will you come to save your people and set us free from this brutality, from this oppression?”Jesus, however, gave the amazing answer, “Unless you repent, you will all likewise perish” (Luke 13:5).
Keep in mind that Jesus was perfect in every way. His attitude was always correct. This is important to remember in a situation like this. Some may attempt to judge Jesus and say, “I don’t know, Jesus. This seems a bridge too far. Maybe you could have been a little kinder.” No. His attitude was always perfect. The words that came out of his mouth were the exact words that needed to be spoken in that exact moment in time and it could not have been better. In no situation could you have improved on what Jesus said, did, or on his attitude. In a situation of oppression, it takes enormous fortitude to tell the oppressed that they are sinners and that they all must repent, for everyone is in need of grace for salvation. Recall the declaration of the angel to Joseph, “and you shall call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins,” meaning that their primary problem is their sin. The Roman occupation is indeed an important concern, but it is, nevertheless, secondary.
This perspective was not exclusive to the New Testament. Ecclesiastes 4:1 reads:
Again I saw all the oppressions that are practiced under the sun.
And behold, the tears of the oppressed,
and they had no one to comfort them!
On the side of their oppressors there was power,
and there was no one to comfort them.
Both the oppressors and the oppressed are trapped in prisons from which they cannot escape. There is no comfort for either. Each needs grace from without to come in.
This Gospel of Jesus Christ is not one simply for the oppressed, but it is a Gospel to the oppressed. It’s a Gospel which declares that salvation must come from your own sin first. Until repentance begins there, the salvific effects of repentance will not be felt anywhere. But, when repentance does begin there, the salvific effects will be felt, as the hymn says, “far as the curse is found.”
(This is adapted from a chapter in Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes by Kenneth Bailey)