Ann Vole wrote:
They have yet to explain why, on a Cloudy night temperatures are higher than on a clear night
That one is easy: clouds reflect light including the invisible infrared light that all objects emit. By getting back most of that infrared light instead of heading off into space, the earth's surface loses much less heat and thus stays warmer. It is nature's radiant heating system. Contrast that to Mars where temperatures fall greatly at night due to a lack of cloud cover.
Your comparison with Earth and Mars has to do a lot with the atmospheric pressure on the planets.
Mars has a very thin atmosphere, so generally, the diurnal temperature is very high, since the very thin atmosphere allows for more OLR to escape to space, and for more ISR to reach the surface, since most of it isn't absorbed by the atmosphere, since there is little to no atmosphere.