include the Rift Valley of eastern
Africa, the Upper Guinea forests of western Africa, and the Lower Guinea forests of central
Africa. The IUCNRedList indicates that the majority (71%) of the 103 species of potamonautid
and potamid Afrotropical freshwater crabs are of Least Concern and just two species
crustaceans (freshwater crabs, crayfish, and shrimps) many
of which are of economic importance. However, freshwater habitats and animals that depend
on them are now under increasing threat. Recent International Union for the Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) RedList assessments of the world’s freshwater crabs
distributed nature of the Australian fauna exposes the Australian fauna to a broad
array of very serious existing and emerging threats, all of which are mainly anthropogenic
in nature. A 2010 conservation assessment of the world’s freshwater crayfish versus IUCNRedList criteria indicated that the Australian
inventoried in the Dutch verges are classiﬁ ed as threatened: ﬁ ve grasshopper and eleven bee species appear on national Red Lists and six ant species on the IUCNRedList. Also, in several other countries roadside verges in intensively used landscapes appear to oﬀ er opportunities for arthropod conservation
continent (Gavashelishvili & Lukarevskiy, 2008). Its habitat ranges from tropical forest to barren plains and from high peaks to the boundaries of metropolitan areas (Nowell & Jackson, 1996).
Globally it is classified as a “Vulnerable” species in the IUCNRedList data book (Stein et al., 2016) while in
Alborz Mountains, warrant special attention.
In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that there is just a single species of Paradactylodon present in the Alborz and Talysh Mountains. Consequently, the taxonomy of Paradactylodon should be updated in the IUCNRedList and its threat category
result it is difficult to recognize and separately manage distinct populations. Management efforts presently focus on the seven subspecies described during the 19th and 20th centuries, and these form the basis of the status assessments on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) RedList
research attempts to monitor the status of biodiversity; since 1963 it has
published the IUCNRedList – the most authoritative source of information
on threatened species.
Th e IUCN is a hybrid organization with more than 1,100 member organi-
zations in 147 countries, including 84 states, 111 government
nominated for the World Heritage List and on requests for technical assistance.... IUCN's Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas started a new programme for making inventories of potential World Heritage sites. Charter for Nature In October Zaire introduced the Charter for Nature-drawn up by IUCN
, Edinburgh, 212 pp.
Komarov, V.L., ed. 1967. Flora U.R.S.S. Vol. 18. English translation. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem.
Post, G.E. 1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. American University Press, Beirut. pp. 510-511.
IUCN. 2001. RedList categories