1864- Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan is named commander of the Army of the Shenandoah, charged with with riding the Valley of Confederates, especially Jubal Early.
1861- Federal Congress passes the first national income tax measure, calling 3 percent of incomes over $800.
1861- A balloon ascension is made at Hampton Roads, Va., from the deck of a Federal vessel.
1862- Because of the failure of the July 2 appeal for soldiers, Lincoln issues a new call for 300,000 nine months militia.
1864- Farragut is victorious in the Battle of Mobile Bay.
1861- The US Congress passes a Confiscation Act, providing for the seizure of property, including slaves, used for insurrectionary purposes.
1864- Sheridan assumes command of Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley. - McCausland is defeated at Moorefield, W. Va.
1863- In the wake of defeat at Gettysburg, Gen. Lee offers to resign as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Pres. Davis rejects the offer.
1862- Jackson defeats Banks at the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va., as Lee seeks to destroy Pope before McClellan's army joins him.
1861- Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Lyon is killed and his army is defeated by Confederates at Wilson's Creek, Mo. 1864- Wheeler begins a month-long Confederate cavalry raid on Sherman's communication lines between Atlanta and Nashville.
1862- In a daring raid, Confederate guerrillas capture Independence, Mo.
1863- Pres. Lincoln refuses to give Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand, relieved of corps command at Vicksburg by Grant, a new command.
1831- Nat Turner slave insurrection begins at Southampton County, Va.; 55 whites and about 100 blacks are killed.
1861- Frémont places St. Louis under martial law. 1862- Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith opens the Confederate invasion of central Kentucky from Knoxville, Tenn. - McClellan begins to withdraw the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula as ordered by Halleck.
1863- Burnside opens his drive on Knoxville, Tenn.
1863- Rosecrans begins to move on Chattanooga, Tenn.
1862- Maj. Gen. Jeb Stuart is assigned command of all of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's cavalry .
1864- Battle of Weldon Railroad, Va., begins.
1861- Confederate Congress agrees to an alliance with Missouri; Missouri now has two governments, Confederate and Union.
1861- McClellan assumes command of the newly organized Department and Army of the Potomac.
1863- Col. William C. Quantrill's Confederate raiders burn Lawrence, Kan. 1864- After the Battle of Globe Tavern, Grant seizes the Weldon Railroad, leading south from Petersburg. - Forrest reaches Memphis, Tenn., on a cavalry raid.
1864- Judson Kilpatrick's five-day Union cavalry raid fails to destroy Hood's supply line into Atlanta.
1864- The fall of Fort Morgan ensures Union control of Mobile Bay. - Lincoln drafts a secret memorandum, expressing doubt about his re-election.
1862- Near the Azores, the C.S.S. Alabama is commissioned by the Confederacy.
1862- Following Quantrill's raid on Lawrence, Kasas, Federals force some 20,000 people in Missouri from their homes, which are then burned,
1862- Jackson destroys Pope's supply depot at Manassas Junction, Va.; Pope turns to pursue Jackson.
1809- Hannibal Hamlin, U.S. vice president under Abraham Lincoln March 1861- March 1865, is born in Paris Hill, Maine.
1861- Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant is given command of Federal troops in southeastern Missouri and southern Illinois. 1862- Jackson fights Brig. Gen. Rufus King at Groveton, Va., revealing his position to Pope. - Bragg's Confederate army leaves Chattanooga to join Kirby Smith in Kentucky.
1861- Butler leads a successful Federal amphibious attack upon Hatteras Inlet, N.C. 1862- Pope attacks Jackson, beginning the Second Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas), but fails to dislodge him; Jackson is reinforced by Longstreet. 1864- The Democrats, meeting in Chicago, nominate McClellan for President and George H. Pendleton for Vice-President on a peace platform.
1861- Frémont proclaims martial law on Missouri and orders the confiscation of property and slaves of Missourians aiding the Confederacy. 1862- Longstreet envelops Pope's left flank, and the Second Battle of Bull Run ends in a Federal rout - Buell orders the pursuit of Bragg and Kirby Smith.
1864- Federals cut the Macon and Western Railroad, Hood's last rail connection into Atlanta.