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This 4 page Class Notes was uploaded by Asia Glenn on Monday February 8, 2016. The Class Notes belongs to BIO 100 at West Chester University of Pennsylvania taught by Jack Waber in Winter 2016. Since its upload, it has received 77 views. For similar materials see Intro to Biology in Biology at West Chester University of Pennsylvania.
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Date Created: 02/08/16
Friday, May 20, y Energy Bio 101 Light (photons) Heat (molecules) Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Energy Conversion Rules • First law of thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed • Second Law of thermodynamics: All energy conversions result in an increase in entropy. • Entropy • “Useless energy” no longer capable of doing work • always increases • increases when order goes to disorder • Living cells are highly ordered thus unstable, improbable arrangements of matter that need useful energy to maintain their highly ordered state. Living Systems Use Chemical Energy • electrons gain potential energy by being “pushed” to an elevated energy level • this potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as “excited/ energized” electron falls back to its ground state Oxidation and Reduction • Oxidation = loss of an electron • Reduction = the acquisition of an electron 1 Friday, May 20, y • oxidation and reduction reactions always occur together. • energy can be stored in highly reduced molecules and released to do work by oxidizing these molecules. A(^e) + B —> A+B(^e) AH+B——>A+BH • Molecules for energy storage/ transport • NAD/NADH • FAD/FADH • NADP/NADPH • High energy electron carriers (HHEC)= carry energetic electrons when reduced and becomes oxidized when these electrons are used to reduce another molecule. • Photosynthesis • Uses light energy to drive the reduction to CO2 to carbohydrate (CH2O)X • Photosynthetic reactions= light reactions (photochemistry) + Dark reactions (biochemistry) • CO2+ H20—> (CH2O)X+O2 *light on top of arrow* • Energy Conversions in the Light Rx • Light Energy —> Electrical Energy —> Chemical Energy (ATP and NADPH) 2 Friday, May 20, y • Respiration • a series of redox reactions that serve to extract energy from the electrons of highly reduced carbon molecules that are ultimately oxidized to CO2 and water • the energy “extracted” during these reactions is used to drive the synthesis of ATO from ADP and iP • three steps: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport • Glycolysis 3 Friday, May 20, y • Product of Glycolysis • 2ATP • 2 NADH (reduced high energy electron carrier) • 2 molecules of highly reduced pyruvic acid 4
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