FROG and GRENOUILLE
Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is the gold standard of laser pulse measurement. Far more powerful than autocorrelation, it yields (among other things) the complete intensity and phase vs. time for an arbitrary pulse without the need for any assumptions about the pulse. It is tried and true, having been subjected to every challenge imaginable and having performed very well in all cases. FROG is used in over 1000 labs worldwide.
With recent revelations about incorrect measurements of unstable pulse trains by other techniques, FROG, which indicates instability, is an even more important device. And, in particular, single-shot versions of FROG are playing an even more important role in ultrafast optics. Fortunately, all Swamp Optics' FROGs are single shot.
GRENOUILLE is a simple, elegant version of FROG. It's naturally single-shot and also in use in over 1000 laser labs around the world. It is arguably the most popular modern pulse-measurement technique.
FROG's and GRENOUILLE's popularity stems from their accuracy, ease of use, robustness, compactness, low-cost, and, most importantly, their power: they measure more about an ultrashort laser pulse than any other method ever invented.
GRENOUILLE replaces the usual complex beam-splitter/delay-line/beam-recombining optical set up with one simple (patented) optical element, called a Fresnel biprism, which automatically aligns the beams. It then uses a thick nonlinear-optical crystal, which, not only performs the required autocorrelation, but it also spectrally resolves the second-harmonic pulse, as required for a FROG. This remarkably simple arrangement also measures the spatio-temporal distortions in the pulse. See the pulse-measurement overview or the GRENOUILLE tutorial for more details, but the result is the simplest and most powerful pulse-measurement device ever invented.
A unique feature of all Swamp Optics' FROGs and GRENOUILLEs is the inclusion of an additional camera to measure the beam spatial profile. This not only provides this important additional information in one device, but it also vastly simplifies the alignment of your beam into the device.
Swamp Optics FROGs & GRENOUILLEs at a Glance
And GRENOUILLEs also offer:
couldn't be easier!
GRENOUILLE is extremely easy to use. It comes pre-aligned, and aligning your beam into it is trivial.
Simply set GRENOUILLE to measure the beam spatial profile, and walk your beam to the center of the spatial-profile display.
Then switch GRENOUILLE to temporal mode, and you're already generating FROG traces of pulses! That's it!
GRENOUILLE will never misalign for the simple reason that there are no alignment knobs in it! And it's very tolerant to input beam wander.
Even better, using our unique ultrafast and elegant FROG pulse-retrieval software, you'll have the full intensity and phase of your pulse and just about everything else you could imagine about it.
This includes the spatio-temporal distortions—spatial chirp and pulse-front tilt—which are more common than first realized and can badly distort experimental data.
You can see immediately when these distortions are present. Spatial chirp yields a tilt in the GRENOUILLE trace, and pulse-front tilt yields a GRENOUILLE trace displaced along the delay axis.
Indeed, GRENOUILLE is the most accurate measure of pulse-front tilt that money can buy.
There's not much more to know about your laser pulse!
So why use FROG if GRENOUILLE is so simple, powerful, and convenient? The answer is that GRENOUILLE doesn't work well for all pulse lengths. GRENOUILLEs can be designed for pulses from about 20fs to about 20ps in length.
Swamp Optics' FROGs and GRENOUILLEs tell you more about your pulse with less effort than ever thought possible. And they can measure pulses from a wide variety of sources, from the lowest-energy oscillator to the highest-intensity amplifier.
Why would you want all this information? Well, most ultrafast lasers misalign over time and actually emit unnecessarily long pulses. With all this information, you can determine precisely how to realign the laser and shorten yours. Even if you're only interested in the intensity autocorrelation at the moment, our FROGs and GRENOUILLEs provide it for less than the cost of most autocorrelators, and the rest of the information will certainly be useful someday. For example, measuring the beam spatial profile means that you won't have to buy a spatial profilometer, which can cost several thousand US dollars.
Several off-the-shelf FROGs and GRENOUILLEs are available, for pulses from ~10 femtoseconds to several picoseconds. Including our Kit and Design models, these devices cover from ~4fs to ~4ns.
GRENOUILLE is also extremely compact and more sensitive than other pulse diagnostics, including even those that don't yield the full intensity and phase. Our near-IR GRENOUILLEs' operating range (~700 to 1100 nm) nicely matches that of most ultrafast Ti:Sapphire lasers and amplifiers, so it should be ideal for most everyday diagnostics as well as many more exotic ones. Additional GRENOUILLEs operate at telecom wavelengths and allow fiber-coupling, simplifying it use even further. In general, standard GRENOUILLE devices can measure pulses from about 20fs to 1ps. Additional variations on these devices can measure pulse lengths from ~4fs to ~4ns.
Swamp Optics has engineered these devices to be as convenient to use as possible. As we've discussed, the spatial-profile measurement, not only provides an additional important measurement, but it also vastly simplifies alignment of your beam into the device. But, in addition, because you need to equalize the energies of the beams entering the spatial-profile and temporal-profile cameras in order to perform the simultaneous measurements, each device also includes a filter wheel in front of the spatial-profile camera, which makes this very easy.
The combination of FROG or GRENOUILLE and our FROG software provides the perfect all-in-one pulse diagnostic!
To choose the right FROG or GRENOUILLE for your needs, note your pulse wavelength, approximate pulse length, spectral width, approximate pulse energy, and repetition rate, and find the device that best fits your needs from one of our brochures. For simplicity, we divide them up according to wavelength or type of laser. Or just ask us, and we'll help you out.
Download the Ti:Sapphire FROG & GRENOUILLE Brochure and Spec Sheet.
Download the Nd/Yb/telecom GRENOUILLE Brochure and Spec Sheet.
See the Tutorials section and the FAQs for more information about FROG and GRENOUILLE, or just contact us.
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