Gale was covered with ancient glaciers, mainly over its central mound. Very cold liquid water also flowed through its rivers and lakes on the lower-lying areas, forming landscapes similar to those which can be found in Iceland or Alaska. (Agencies)
The finding was reflected in an analysis of the images taken by the spacecraft orbiting the red planet.
Curiosity rover, which completed a Martian year, i.e., 687 Earth days, this week travels through an arid and reddish landscape that was home to glaciers in the past.
Ancient Mars held large quantities of water, yet its global hydro-geological cycles were very cold, so much so that they induced the presence of a giant ocean, partially ice-covered and rimmed by glaciers on the lower plains of the northern hemisphere.
Now, an international team of researchers has confirmed this global picture locally, on the Martian site where Curiosity is roving: Gale crater.
"This crater was covered by glaciers approximately 3,500 million years ago, which were particularly extensive on its central mound Aeolis Mons," the lead investigator of the study Alberto Fairen, from the Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) in Spain and Cornell University in the US said.
"However, at that time there were also rivers and lakes with very cold liquid water in the lower-lying areas within the crater," he said.
Fairen highlighted the fact that ancient Mars was capable of "maintaining large quantities of liquid water (an essential element for life) at the same time that giant ice sheets covered extensive regions of its surface."
To carry out the study, the team used images captured with the HiRISE and CTX cameras from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, together with the HRSC onboard the Mars Express probe managed by the European Space Agency (ESA).
Analysis of the photographs has shown the presence of concave basins, lobated structures, remains of moraines and fan-shaped deposits which point to the existence of ancient glaciers on Gale.
In fact they seem to be very similar to some glacial systems observed on present-day Earth. The research appeared in the Science News and Information Service (SINC).
Gale was covered with ancient glaciers, mainly over its central mound. Very cold liquid water also flowed through its rivers and lakes on the lower-lying areas, forming landscapes similar to those which can be found in Iceland or Alaska.