One of the best (and most challenging) things about teaching math is guiding students in the creation of clear math models and helping them develop the ability to communicate the reasoning behind their solution.
The widely-adopted Common Core Standards for Mathematical Practice call for students to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them, reason abstractly and quantitatively, construct viable arguments, model solutions, and attend to precision; among other math skills.
Unfortunately, most district-adopted curriculum does require students to exercise these skills frequently enough to achieve a level of mastery. Yes, they may be able to solve several problems that require subtraction with regrouping but can they truly articulate the reason why their solutions are correct?
If the answer is no, I have a tool your students can start using tomorrow that will immediately challenge them to develop these essential math skills. I call this tool Write To Explain.
WRITE TO EXPLAIN RECORDING SHEET
This Write To Explain recording sheet can be used with virtually any math problem, but is especially handy when it comes to solving hefty word problems that require multiple computational strategies and steps. The format is simple: four boxes that guide students through four steps.
Step 1: Record the Question
The reasoning and analysis process begins. Students are required to attend to precision as they record the math question word-for-word and highlight the most important keywords, numbers and ideas.
Step 2: Model and Solve
Students use abstract and quantitative models to work through the problem solving process. Those who are experts at mental math are trained to attend to precision when modeling their thinking.
Step 3: Solution
Students record their solution in a complete sentence and routinely double-check that their solution accurately answers the question.
Step 4: Explain
Students justify their conclusions and communicate them clearly in written form, further reinforcing their reasoning skills.
Of course, most students will give you a “you are crazy” look when you hand them this recording sheet and tell them their solution should fill the whole page (they are used to squeezing answers on a tiny one inch line after all). Fortunately, with a little guidance and modeling from their favorite mathematician, they will be knocking your socks off with beautiful math models and explanations in no time.
TIPS TO GET YOU STARTED
Sift through a review math unit and pull out a few word problems you know you class will feel successful with (when introducing a new routine, you want those brain cells focused on the process, not getting hung up on math skills they aren’t familiar with).
On the first two days, have students observe as you solve a problem using the recording sheet and ask them to listen to your think-alouds as you solve.
On day three, have students complete a problem with you. Although some of your high achievers may want to hurry off and complete the recording sheet their way, it’s important to work step by step together so the process is deeply solidified. Continue to share your think-alouds as you record and they copy your example onto their own paper. Depending on your class, you may repeat this process for one additional day or for several additional days.
When you feel your students truly understand the process, begin to release some of the responsibility. Have them Record The Question and then share with a partner what they recorded and what key words they highlighted. Then, have them Model and Solve and meet up with a partner again to share out. Continue this “work and share” routine until all four steps are complete.
As you see your students become more confident and independent, gradually require them to complete more steps before sharing with their partner. As students share, pick exemplars to read and display to the class so students build a strong understanding of what a thorough model and articulate solution and explanation look like.
UP AND RUNNING
Once this training process is complete, you can introduce Write To Explain as independent work or partner work that students complete as part of their daily math routine.
Although Write To Explain can be used for any math problem, I have created several sets of task cards with questions specifically designed with Write To Explain in mind. My second grade and third grade sets are available in my store along with a Write To Explain Task Card FREEBIE that includes the recording sheet featured in this post.