The wall of the uterus is composed of the perimetrium, the myometrium and the endometrium. The perimetrium is characterized by an outer layer of thin, visceral peritoneum. A broad ligament then runs and continues on to the uterine wall’s lateral segment. When the peritoneum passes over the urinary bladder, a shallow pouch called the vesicouterine pouch is formed. When an adjustment is made over the rectum, the pouch that is formed is called the pouch of Douglas or the rectouterine pouch. This is the base of the uterus and this is where surgical entries are usually made.
A rather thick layer, the myometrium is composed of three layers of smooth but thick muscle that form portions. These muscles lay in eiher a circular, longitudinal or spiral pattern. The myometrium’s thickest point is found in the fundus; it’s thinnest part is in the cervix. The muscles of this layer respond and contract to stimuli triggered during parturition.
The endometrium is the mucous-laden membrane of the uterine wall that contains two layers. The first layer is the superficial statum functionale, and it is the one which is responsible for releases during menstruation. It’s composed of columnar epithelium cells and it has glands that produce fluids for menstruation and other related, natural functions. When the steroid hormones of the ovaries stimulates, this layer prepares for the reception of a fertilized egg. The second layer, the stratum basale, is the layer that rebuilds after menstruation. The second layer is characterized by vascular qualities.