Heald, Graeme Robert
December 22, 2013
entry velocity, escape velocity, subluminal, luminal, superluminal, accretion disk, dark star, stellar black hole, accretion disk, relativistic jets
The event horizons of compact stellar objects, such as neutron stars, can be viewed as dual gravitational energy barriers to particle travel, both internally as superluminal ‘escape velocity’ and externally as a subluminal ‘entry velocity’. Newtonian physics in Euclidean space can be employed to demonstrate these effects. It will be shown that for a ‘stellar black hole’, the gravitational entry velocity of free falling trajectories at the Schwarzschild radius will be luminal, c and hence accretion cannot occur. For orbiting particles, the entry velocity of particles at the Schwarzschild radius is subluminal, 0.71c, and accretion can occur onto the stellar core. For small stellar cores, orbit is possible up to the Gravitational radius, ½ RS, where entry velocity becomes luminal and prohibited. Models for a stellar black hole produces two event horizons and for a compact stellar object, with a core marginally smaller than the Schwarzschild radius, will show a single event horizon. Entry velocity effects offer explanation for the large-scale entrainment of particles into ‘accretion disks’ surrounding event horizons. The astrophysical observations of the existence and behaviour of prominent accretion disks surrounding the event horizons of black holes, including flares and relativistic jets, supports this view.