The contemporary values shared by individuals within the Islamist movements and in movements contrary to the Islamist ideals are common objections against societal problems—corruption, oppression, need for human rights, improvement of economic inequalities, democratic and pluralistic governmental movements, and other common social agendas. Also gender equality and increased education are promoted by those sharing similar views as Khomeini, as opposed to Bin Laden’s movement. Global mobilization and dispersion of Al Qaeda using technology and transnational structures are additional examples of modern tools being used.
Violent exploits are instigated by conflict with Western influences, regional restructuring of Islamist ideals, and the ensuing clash with traditionalism. Not all Muslims, Islamic states, and factions interpret the Koran in the same manner. Thus, the varying views concerning the advancement of various perspectives in the region, including—social, religious, government, and economic—create the grounds for conflict and violent retaliation, particularly by groups that perceive to be marginalized by majority groups.
In regards to leadership, greater understanding of the Islamic society and the ideological differences that exist within the region can aid Western leaders in engaging the Middle East more effectively. Western support of leadership that creates internal conflict within the region may not be beneficial to the war on terrorism.