The name Pakistan is derived from the Urdu
words Pak (meaning pure) and stan(meaning country).
Pakistan is the name of the certain of such an Islamic
society, where the Muslim can lead their life without
any fear of non-Muslim.
Flag description: Green with a vertical white band
(symbolizing the role of religious minorities) and the crescent,
star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam.
of Sind in 712 C.E
and then Islam
speard in different
area of Indian sub-
conquest of Multan and
Lahore, Mehmood made
Punjab a part of his empire
the Delhi Sultanate. The
Turkic origin Mamluk
• was the founder of the Mughal Empire
He greatly expanded the Empire and is regarded as the
most illustrious ruler of the Mughal Empire as he set up
the empire's various institutions
Jahangir set the precedent for sons rebelling against their
emperor fathers. Opened first relations with the British
East India Company
Under him, Mughal art and architecture reached their
zenith; constructed the Taj Mahal, Jama Masjid, Red
Fort, Jahangir mausoleum,
He reinterpreted Islamic law and presented the Fatawa-e-
Bahadur Shah1 First of the Mughal emperors to preside over an empire
ravaged by uncontrollable revolts
The last Mughal emperor was deposed by the British and exiled
to Burma following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. End of Mughal
• The first person who realize about Muslim Shah Waliullah (1703-
62). He laid the foundations of Islamic renaissance in the subcontinent
and became a source of inspiration for almost all the subsequent social
and religious reform movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. His
immediate successors, inspired by his teachings, tried to establish a
model Islamic state in the north-west of India and they, under the
leadership of Sir Sayed Ahmad (1786-1831)
Meanwhile, the British had emerged as the
dominant force in South Asia in 19 century they
succeeded in conquering the whole of sub
The man to realize the impending peril was Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan (1817-1898), a witness to the tragic events of 1857. His
assessment was that the Muslims' safety lay in the acquisition
of western education and knowledge. He took several positive
steps to achieve this objective such as :
o Educational Reforms
o Political reforms
oWrote many books like Thazeeb-u- Akhlaq ,Kutbat-e-
Ahmadiya, Rasala Ehkam-e-taam , Sarkashi Bajnoor.
Urdu Hindi Controversy 1867 at Benaras
Formation of Indian National Congress in 1885 by A.O
Sir Syed founded the Muhammadan Educational
Conference in 1886 in this his message was simplicity in
religious practices, progress in education and science and
aloofness from politics.
Partition of Bengal in 1905 and its annulment in
Simla Deputation 1 Oct 1906, Sir Agha khan was
the head he met the Viceroy Lord Minto.
Foundation of All India Muslim League in 1906
Minto-Morley Reforms in 1909, demand of separate election was
Quaid-e-Azam entered in Muslim League in 1911
Hindu Muslim Alliance: Lucknow Pact 1916
Khilafat Movement 1919-1924 Maulana Shukat
Ali,Maulana Ali Johar& Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad.
Nehru Report 1928
Quaid-e-Azam 14 Points, 1929
Allma Iqbal Adress in 1930 Allahabad
Round Table Conferences in 1930,1931 & 1932. British
Government published the white paper in 1934.
Government of India Act 1935
Congress Ministries in 1936-1939
Pakistan Resolution in 23 March,1940
The Simla Conference in 1945
General Election 1945-46 , Muslim league won all the seats of the
Central Assembly & almost 11 Muslims seats in Provincial Assembly.
Cabinet Mission in April 1946: to solve the Constitutional question for
the independent state
3 June 1947 Plan : Mountbatten Plan of Partition & the establishment
Pakistan emerged as an independent sovereign state on August 14th
1947. Founded by Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Capital City: Islamabad
Total Area: 796,096 sq km
"P" for Punjab "A"
for Afghania (now known as K P
K)"K" for Kashmir"S" for Sindh
"Tan" for Baluchistan; thus
Ideology of Pakistan
Oneness of Allah
Two Nation Theory
It was on the basis of the two nation theory that Quaid –e-
Azam demand the partition of British India into two states ,
The protection of Religion from Hindu people
When British rulers were introducing more & more
constitutional reforms & democratic principles of majority
rule. These reforms threatened to turn the Muslims into
permanent minority .
Pakistan is situated in the
western part of the Indian
subcontinent, with Afghanistan
and Iran on the west, India on
the east, the Arabian Sea on
the south and the china
on the North.
The northern highlands
of Pakistan contain the
towering Karakoram which
include some of the world's
highest peaks:K2 (28,250 ft; 8,611 m)
The Baluchistan Plateau lies to the west
Flat Indus plain in east. Indus River and its
tributaries flow through the country from the
Kashmir region to the Arabian Sea.
Invasion routes controls Khyber Pass and Bolan
Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central
Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.
• Language: Urdu (National) English (official)
• Divided into 5 provinces:
KPK Gilgit Baltistan
Pakistan has Four Seasons
• 97% of all Pakistanis are Muslims.
• 77% of the population are Sunni Muslims.
• 20% are adherents of Shia Islam.
• Christians, Hindus and other religions make up only 1%.
• The central belief of Islam is that there is one Allah and the
prophet, Mohammed is his final messenger.
• The Islamic religion recognizes both the Old & New
• The Quran is the holy scripture of Islam and is recognized
as the Holy word of Allah.
Pakistan built 2 Dams one
Tarbela And second Mangla,
4 Barrages and 10 Link Canals.
Pakistan Largest River is known as River Indus which
Flows from Tibet China and Enters through Pakistan by
KPK. It is divided Into Two Plains.
River Indus eastern tributaries are River Jehlum,
Chennab,Sutlej, Ravi. these Four Rivers Flow in Punjab.
River Indus western Tributaries are River Swat, Kabul,
Kurrram, Tochi, Gomal, Zhob.
• Largest lake : Manchhar Lake
• Major Crops: Wheat, cotton, rice, millet, sugar canes.
• Major Fruits: mangos, oranges, bananas, apples
• Main Resources: natural gas, coal, salt & iron.
• Cotton, textiles, sugar, cement & chemicals play an
important role in the economy
• Fishery It is also a major source of export earning.
• Forestry only 4% of land in Pakistan is covered with
forests. The forests of Pakistan are a main source of
food, lumber, paper, fuel wood, latex, medicine as well as
used for purposes of wildlife conservation
• Pakistan has a parliamentary form government, it consists of
two houses, the senate (upper house) and the national
assembly (lower house)
• The senate consists of 100 members and the national
assembly has a total of 342 elected members (272 general
seats, 60 women, and 10 Non-Muslim seats)
• The President is elected for a 5 year term by the electoral
• The President MUST be Muslim.
• The President may be reelected but for no more than two
• Only the National Assembly can approve federal budget and
• The Senate and National Assembly can initiate and pass
• Each province has a governor, and a council of ministers
headed by a chief minister appointed by the governor and a
• The Chairman of Senate is next in line to act as the
• The Prime Minister is appointed by the president from
among the members of the National Assembly.
• Constitution of Pakistan made in 14 Aug 1973 which is
• The economy of Pakistan is the 44th largest in the world in
terms of nominal and 26th largest in terms of purchasing
power parity GDP. However as Pakistan has a population of
over 183 million (the world's 6th-largest), thus GDP per
capita is $4,141 ranking 140th in the world. Growth poles of
Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River.
• The Pakistani rupee is the official currency of Pakistan.
The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank
of Pakistan the central bank of the country. The most
commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs , used on
receipts when purchasing goods and services.
• Education is Pakistan is very poor.
• The government only sets aside 3%of the annual budget for
• There are three types of schools: Private for the wealthy,
Public which is government run, and Religious schools.
• The government run schools do not teach English and many
of them exist only on paper.
• The Pakistani government estimates the literacy rate of
Pakistan to be at 47% but outside spectators beg to differ
claiming the rate must be around 20%.
Games & Sports
National Game is Hockey
• Major Objectives
1) To Foster good relation with now the sole suffer –power
2) To settle the Kashmir dispute with india by peaceful means
3) To establish relations of friendship and co-operation with
the Muslim countries
4) To put an end to civil war in Afghanistan by mutual
5) To seek security for itself; Pakistan is fighting against
6) To create Friendship with all the enmity towards none
7) To explore now markets for Pakistani goods & to secure aid
&loans from other countries for development Purpose