The greater Hartford–Springfield area is an urban region and surrounding suburban areas that encompasses both north-central Connecticut and the southern Connecticut River Valley in western Massachusetts; its major city centers are Springfield, Massachusetts and Hartford, Connecticut.
The area is also sometimes called the Knowledge Corridor, initially employed as a 2012 rename ("New England's Knowledge Corridor") for the Hartford–Springfield Economic Partnership, an interstate cooperative venture to foster an economic, cultural, and civic partnership between the two major cities on the Connecticut River. The term Knowledge Corridor has gained a degree of currency, mostly with some government organizations as well as local businesses and universities using the name. The New Haven–Springfield Line and Conn River Line form the primary rail route through the region, and are sometimes themselves called the Knowledge Corridor in planning documents.
The Hartford–Springfield region is New England's most populous metropolitan area after Greater Boston, with approximately 1.9 million residents and 160,000 university students. The region also features "a dense concentration" of hospitals and over 29 universities and liberal arts colleges, including a large number of the United States' most prestigious higher-education institutions. The Knowledge Corridor includes surrounding cities such as Northampton and Amherst in the north, and New Britain and Middletown in the south.
Hartford and Springfield's urban cores lie only 23.9 miles (38.5 km) apart; however, their efforts to cooperate have long been hampered by state border issues, beginning with a lawsuit in 1638. Hartford's Bradley International Airport is the closest airport, which sits equidistant between them in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The Hartford–Springfield Knowledge Corridor Partnership was formalized by regional civic, business, and education leaders in 2000 at the Big E in West Springfield.
Since their respective foundings in 1635 and 1636, Hartford and Springfield have possessed a common Connecticut River heritage – both were among the original four settlements of the Connecticut Colony; however, an early legal dispute between two of the cities' Founding Fathers led the settlements to side with different colonies. In 1638, Springfield founder William Pynchon became embroiled in a legal dispute with one of the Connecticut Colony's leading citizens, Captain John Mason. Mason charged Pynchon—and the settlement of Springfield—with dominating the corn and beaver pelt trade with the Natives, to the detriment of Hartford and the Connecticut Colony. The dispute, which Pynchon and Springfield lost in 1638, led to Springfield's annexing itself to Massachusetts instead of aligning with its more geographically and ideologically compatible neighbor, Connecticut. Only within the first decade of the new millennium have Hartford and Springfield – the two great cities on the Connecticut River – started to collaborate closely, i.e. as the Knowledge Corridor Partnership.
Both Hartford and Springfield were prosperous from the early 19th century through the 1960s as cultural, technological, and industrial centers. Hartford became the center of the United States' insurance industry, while Springfield became the United States' first epicenter of precision manufacturing, producing innovations like America's first gasoline-powered car, motorcycle, and commercial radio station, among many others. Both cities were especially wealthy – at one point in the late 1800s, they were the two wealthiest cities per capita in the United States. Both cities still feature the elegant Victorian architecture built during that period – Springfield's sobriquet "The City of Homes" could just as easily apply to its southern neighbor Hartford, however, to no other city in New England.
During the mid-20th century, both Hartford and Springfield experienced a loss of manufacturing during economic restructuring. The growth of the highway system—in particular Interstate 91—engendered white flight to the suburbs, where, at the current time, a disproportionate amount of both cities' wealthy citizens live, (e.g., in Longmeadow, Massachusetts and West Hartford, Connecticut). During the 1960s and 1970s, when the Connecticut River was considered to be polluted and to have seen its best days long ago, Hartford – and later Springfield, in effort to keep pace with Hartford – opted to build Interstate 91 on their riverfronts – slicing through riverfront neighborhoods and, in effect, amputating from both cities their greatest potential economic and recreational asset. During this period, Hartford, which had, historically, always been slightly more populous than Springfield, hemorrhaged residents. By 1960, Springfield had became more populous than Hartford, and remains more populous as of 2011.
During the first decade of the 21st century, both Hartford's and Springfield's fortunes improved considerably—especially during the latter portion of the decade, while much of the United States weathered the Great Recession. Both cities have seen an increase in public and private investment, and a general increase in culture, vitality, and civic pride. The Knowledge Corridor high-speed intercity rail line is one such project, intended to unite the region and ease residents' dependence on Interstate 91. Also, both cities are pursuing different strategies to reconnect with the Connecticut River for economic and recreational opportunities.
For decades after the decline of New England manufacturing, Hartford and Springfield competed for similar businesses. During the early 1990s, a former Springfield mayor even went so far as to launch a campaign for Hartford businesses to "leave Hartford behind" for Springfield, touting Springfield's "quality of life."  Since the two cities started to work collaboratively in 2000, both Hartford and Springfield have consciously defined themselves in different but complementary ways, like Raleigh-Durham, Minneapolis-St. Paul or Dallas-Ft. Worth. Both cities still feature many of the same strengths, (e.g., prestigious universities and healthcare centers); however, Hartford is increasingly being defined as the Knowledge Corridor's business center, with its postmodern skyline, numerous corporate headquarters, government district, and relatively wider main thoroughfares, while Springfield is being defined as the Knowledge Corridor's recreational center, with numerous amusements sites for both children and adults; renovated, human-scale Victorian architecture; and a walkable, lively Metro Center. Journalists note that the Springfield features culture that far outsizes its metropolitan population of 1.9 million (see below.) 
The Hartford–Springfield area has a workforce of 1.1 million people and over 41,000 businesses. It is home to six Fortune 500 Companies. Its two major cities, Hartford and Springfield, have a combined GDP exceeding $100 billion per year, more than 16 U.S. States. This figure does not include the smaller cities and towns of the "Knowledge Corridor", (e.g., Northampton, Massachusetts and Middletown, Connecticut) but only the two principal cities.
As of its tenth anniversary in 2010, the Knowledge Corridor Partnership has been cited for both increasing jobs and keeping jobs in the Hartford–Springfield region, e.g. Eppendorf in Enfield, Connecticut brought over 200 jobs to the Corridor, and MassMutual in Springfield brought over 300 new jobs. It is reported that "officials in Connecticut don’t get jealous if they lose a prospect to Massachusetts and vice versa... Because, if the [cities] weren't working together, these companies wouldn't even consider us." 
- Aetna – Hartford, CT
- The American Hockey League – Springfield, MA
- American Saw and Manufacturing Company – East Longmeadow, MA
- Baystate Health – Springfield, MA
- Big Y – Springfield, MA
- Carrier Corporation – Farmington, CT
- Cigna – Bloomfield, CT
- Colt's Manufacturing Company – West Hartford, CT
- Connecticut Bank and Trust Company – Hartford, CT
- Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company - Simsbury, CT
- ESPN – Bristol, CT
- Eversource Energy – Berlin, CT
- Friendly Ice Cream Corporation – Wilbraham, MA
- Gerber Scientific – South Windsor, CT
- Hamilton Sundstrand – Windsor Locks, CT
- Hampden Bank – Springfield, MA
- The Hartford – Hartford, CT
- Health New England – Springfield, MA
- Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company – Hartford, CT
- Kaman Aircraft – Bloomfield, CT
- MassMutual Financial Services – Springfield, MA
- Merriam Webster – Springfield, MA
- Otis Elevator – Farmington, CT
- Peter Pan Bus – Springfield, MA
- Pratt-Whitney – East Hartford, CT
- Smith & Wesson – Springfield, MA
- Spalding – Springfield, MA
- The Stanley Works – New Britain, CT
- Travelers Insurance – Hartford, CT
- United Healthcare – Hartford, CT, Rocky Hill, CT, and Windsor, CT
- United Technologies – Farmington, CT
- XL Group – Hartford, CT
- Yankee Candle – South Deerfield, MA
Higher education institutions
Public college and universities
- University of Connecticut
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Eastern Connecticut State University
- Central Connecticut State University
- Westfield State University
Community and technical colleges
- Asnuntuck Community College
- Capital Community College
- Greenfield Community College
- Holyoke Community College
- Manchester Community College
- Middlesex Community College
- Springfield Technical Community College
- Tunxis Community College
Private college and universities
- American International College – Springfield, MA
- Amherst College – Amherst MA
- Bay Path University – Longmeadow, MA
- Cambridge College – Springfield, MA
- Elms College – Chicopee, MA
- Goodwin College – Hartford, CT
- Hampshire College – Amherst, MA
- Hartford Seminary – Hartford, CT
- Marlboro College Graduate School – Brattleboro, VT
- Mount Holyoke College – South Hadley, MA
- Smith College – Northampton, MA
- Springfield College – Springfield, MA
- Western New England University – Springfield, MA
- Rensselaer at Hartford – Hartford, CT
- Saint Joseph College – West Hartford, CT
- Trinity College – Hartford, CT
- University of Hartford – Hartford, CT
- Wesleyan University – Middletown, CT
- "Western Mass EDC Knowledge Corridor®". Westernmassedc.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- David Driver. "About Us Overview | About Us | Content | Hartford Springfield Economic Partnership". Hartfordspringfield.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- "Fact Sheet: High Speed Intercity Passenger Rail Program: Northeast Region | The White House". Whitehouse.gov. 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- "Knowledge Corridor – Restore Vermonter Project". Massachusetts Department of Transportation. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- Photo by Laura Dinan. "On the right track: CSX rails and access to ports could stoke Pioneer Valley's economy". masslive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- Wayne Phaneuf, The Republican. "375 years of changing business and work landscape help define Springfield". masslive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- "Directions – Home". Bradleyairport.com. 2012-03-08. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- David Driver. "The Hartford-Springfield Economic Partnership". Hartfordspringfield.com. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
- "Firsts | Springfield 375". Springfield375.org. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- Department of Transportation (2011-10-24). "DOTINFO: New Haven-Hartford-Springfield Commuter Rail Implementation Plan". Ct.gov. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
- "Springfield's Foray Shakes Up Hartford – Hartford Courant". Articles.courant.com. 1992-11-12. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- David Driver. "Hartford Springfield Economic Partnership | Home". Hartfordspringfield.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- David Driver. "Tourism | Industries | Content | Hartford Springfield Economic Partnership". Hartfordspringfield.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- File photo. "Throughout its 375 years, Springfield has had a culture of history and history of culture". masslive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
- Jim Kinney, The Republican. "Hartford-Springfield Partnership celebrates 10 years of the "Knowledge Corridor"". masslive.com. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
|Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Knowledge Corridor.|