Fundamentals and Applications of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles 1st Edition.
The power battery is the main power source for electric vehicles; its performance has vital influence on the safety, efficiency and economy of electric vehicle operations. Currently power batteries for electric vehicles mainly include lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries. For a long time, the lead-acid battery was widely used because of its mature technology, stable performance and low price. However, its disadvantages of low energy density, long charging time, short life, and lead contamination limit its usefulness in electric vehicles. The nickel cadmium battery has been used for its large charge-discharge rate; however, its disadvantages of memory effect and heavy metal contamination cannot be solved. Nickel-metal hydride batteries have been widely applied in hybrid cars for their large charge discharge rate and they are environmentally friendly. However, their single cell voltage is low and they should not be connected in parallel, restricting their application in electric vehicles. The lithium-ion batteries are widely accepted because of their high voltage platform, high energy density, good cycle performance, and low self-discharge, and are regarded as a good choice for the new generation of power batteries. The lithium-ion battery cathode material can be lithium cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and so on.
Currently, one of the key factors restricting the development of electric vehicles is that the battery power is not satisfactory; the battery specific energy, specific power, consistency, longevity, and price are not as good as expected. A battery acts as a power system which converts electrical energy and chemical energy. Its operation is very complex because the reactions are related to temperature, accumulated charge-discharge, charge-discharge rate and other factors. The battery management system (BMS) protection mainly ensures that the battery works within reasonable parameters. It detects voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack and relays this information. It carries out thermal management, balancing control, charge and discharge control, fault diagnosis, and CAN communication. It also estimates the SOC and SOH at the same time.
The BMS needs people who are familiar with both the electrochemical properties of the battery and its electrical applications. It is necessary to write an instruction book since there are not many people with this compound knowledge. This book provides basic theoretical knowledge and practical resource materials to researchers engaged in electric vehicles and lithium-ion battery development and design, and people who work on the battery management system. In this book we discuss key technologies and research methods for the lithium-ion power battery management system, and the difficulties encountered with it in electric vehicles. The contents include lithium-ion battery performance modeling and simulation; the theory and methods of estimation of the lithium-ion battery state of charge, state of energy and peak power; lithium-ion battery charge and discharge control technology; consistent evaluation and equalization techniques of the battery pack; and battery management system design and application in electric vehicles. This book focuses on systematically expounding the theoretical connotation and practical application of the lithium-ion battery management systems. Part of the content of the book is directly derived from real vehicle tests. Through comparative analysis of the different system structures the related concepts are made clear and understanding of the battery management system is deepened.
In order to strengthen the understanding, the book makes deep analysis of some important concepts. Using simulation technology combined with schematic diagrams, it gives a vivid description and detailed analysis of the basic concepts, the estimation methods and the battery charge and discharge control principles, therefore the descriptions are intuitive and vivid, readers can have a clear understanding of the principle of battery management system technology and, combined with case analysis, the readers’ perceptual knowledge is enhanced.
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