Psoriasis is a chronic (long-lasting) skin condition that causes cells to grow too quickly and results in red, scaly, and occasionally itchy patches on the skin. In normal skin, cells flake off from the surface and are replaced by new cells every four weeks. In people with psoriasis, new cells form and quickly move to the surface of the skin, forming thick patches (plaques) that typically appear on the elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, hands, or feet. These patches are usually dry and itchy. If scraped or picked, they can also bleed. In some cases of psoriasis, the areas where bones meet (joints) may also become swollen and stiff, which is called psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis can be mild, causing small areas of rash, or severe, causing large areas of raised, red and loose plaques. Symptoms of psoriasis tend to come and go. Risk factors that can lead to the return of symptoms (flare-ups) include a dry climate, infections, stress, dry skin and certain medications.
The exact cause of psoriasis is unknown. However, it is thought to be an autoimmune disease, which means something causes the body’s immune system to attack itself, mistaking healthy cells for something foreign (from outside the body). It is believed that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in psoriasis. In order to diagnose psoriasis, your doctor will gather a medical history and perform a physical exam that focuses on the skin. Your doctor may also remove and examine a small piece of the affected skin (skin biopsy). There is no cure for psoriasis. However, there are many treatment options that may help control the symptoms. These include creams that can be applied to the surface of the skin (topical), oral medications, moisturizers, and light therapy. If you or your child have been diagnosed with psoriasis, talk with your doctor to decide which treatment option is best for you.