1701, James VII's son James inherited and called himself "James VIII of Scotland" and "James III of England and Ireland."
In 1707 the merger of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England created Kingdom of Great Britain or the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
In 1715, a year after the death of his sister, Queen Anne, and the accession of their cousin George of Hanover, James VIII (the Old Pretender) landed in Scotland and attempted to claim the throne; he failed, and was forced to flee back to the Continent.
In 1745, a second attempt, by his son, Charles III (known as The Young Pretender and often called Bonnie Prince Charlie), also failed - Battle of Culloden (16 April 1746).
Both James's children died without issue, bringing the Stuart family to an end.