Thousands of civilians have been killed, often because of their ethnicity or perceived political alliances in South Sudan’s ongoing conflict. An estimated 2 million people have been forced to flee their homes. Large parts of key towns and essential civilian infrastructure such as clinics, hospitals, and schools, have been looted, destroyed, and abandoned. Tens of thousands of people are still sheltering in United Nations compounds, too afraid to return home. Lack of accountability for decades of violence during Sudan’s long civil war helped fuel the conflict. Military and political leaders on all sides have failed to make any serious attempt to reduce abuses committed by their forces, or to hold them to account.