Many theorists now believe that classical conditioning frequently involves the formation of associations between internal mental representations of stimuli rather than between two stimuli. Furthermore, the conditioned stimulus may allow an organism to predict (in a decidedly mental manner) the arrival of the unconditioned stimulus. As you can see, behaviourists are finally beginning to discuss the thought processes they had studiously avoided. Classical conditioning is only sometimes accompanied by cognition. To be more specific, it only sometimes involves conscious awareness.