GLE (Graphics Layout Engine) is a graphics scripting language designed for creating publication quality figures (e.g., a chart, plot, graph, or diagram). GLE supports various chart types (including function plot, histogram, bar chart, scatter plot, contour plot, color map, and surface plot) through a simple but flexible set of graphing commands. More complex output can be created by relying on GLE's scripting language, which is full featured with subroutines, variables, and logic control. GLE relies on LaTeX for text output and supports mathematical formulae in graphs and figures.
GNU TeXmacs is a free wysiwyw (what you see is what you want) editing platform with special features for scientists. The software aims to provide a unified and user friendly framework for editing structured documents with different types of content: text, mathematics, graphics, interactive content. TeXmacs can also be used as an interface to many external systems for computer algebra, numerical analysis, and statistics. New presentation styles can be written by the user and new features can be added to the editor using Scheme.
LyX is a document processor that encourages an approach to writing based on the structure of your documents, not their appearance. It is intended for people people who write and want their writing to look great without tinkering with formatting details, font attributes, or page boundaries. On screen, it looks like any word processor, but it uses the TeX engine for printed output and producing richly cross-referenced PDFs. It is stable and fully featured.
METAGRAF is a graphical editor for creating figures in MetaPost. It is currently able to draw any kind of figure in b/w or color. METAGRAF outputs a MetaPost file which can then be run through MetaPost by itself or using TeX. The program is written in Java and is thus platform-independent.