It is often argued that poverty in urban areas is under-estimated. For example, a study of the multi-dimensional urban poverty by KIHBS has shown that the multi-dimensional incidence of poverty is lower in Nairobi (approximately 27%) and its environs than in other cities such as Kisumu (approximately 46%), and Mombasa (approximately 44%). However, there are significant poverty disparities within these cities. For instance, in Nairobi, the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty in Laini saba and Korogocho areas is 60%, while the number is only 5% in Kilimani and Kileleshwa. Gender gaps also exist across poverty levels in urban centers. Households with female heads are more likely to be poor than households with male heads. Comprehending these spatial inequalities in multi-dimensional poverty is essential in improving the focus of anti-poverty programs.
At the county level, poverty reduction has also been disparate. For instance, counties in the North and North-Eastern parts of Kenya suffer from stagnation, and higher poverty rates, and need multi-sectoral support to improve living standards. If nothing is done, inadequate access to basic services in these regions can lead to long-term consequences, especially in developing human capital. These regions have lower than average national educational enrollment rates, particularly in secondary education. Health care utilization and access in these areas are also relatively low as compared to other regions in the country. Vaccination rates of some North-Eastern Development Initiative (NEDI) counties reach approximately 40 percent, compared to over 90 percent in Central province. Inadequate access to healthcare alongside extremely high fertility rates are some of the reasons why these counties have the highest maternal mortality rates in Kenya. A child in NEDI counties stands a higher chance of being born poor and remaining in poverty, without getting the opportunity to build their productive potential.
If Kenya proceeds with its present growth path, poverty levels will remain above the 20 percent mark by 2030. The main obstacle is not so much to increase the growth rate, but instead to ensure that the gains from economic growth are equally distributed across all segments of the population. The Kenya Gender and Poverty Evaluation offers an in-depth analysis of the nature and evolution of poverty and identifies many policy areas that can facilitate quicker poverty reduction in the near future.
Causes of Poverty in Kenya
Various factors contribute to poverty in Kenya such as corruption, unemployment, failing education system, rural-urban migration, tribalism, and child labor, among others. There are inadequate opportunities in Kenya, and this has left many citizens in desperation, leading to drug use and crime. Kenya has a significant amount of under-utilized resources. One of the greatest resources the country is endowed with is human capital and a favorable agricultural climate. If optimally utilized, these resources can pave the way for poverty eradication in the wider Kenya region. To alleviate poverty in rural areas in Kenya, it’s essential to boost agricultural productivity through high-quality extensions services that allow farmers access to better inputs and best farming practices.
One of the major challenges to the agricultural sector is poor water systems. Kenya is home to several natural lakes, which if properly utilized would provide sufficient water for agricultural projects. Agricultural produce would be abundant, and there would be enough surplus for export. The amount previously spent on importing food could now be used to fund industrial projects. However, if the provision of agricultural water is not addressed, poverty will continue to disproportionately affect rural communities in Kenya.