The Baltimore City Public School System (City Schools) faces a major challenge as more students begin to return to school buildings following the COVID-19 closures. Although City Schools invested in high-quality remote teaching and learning systems, many students have been unable to take full advantage due to lack of technology and challenging conditions within their homes and communities. As a result, many students will be far behind grade-level expectations, in addition to the many students who were already far behind before the pandemic began. To support these students, swift action is required.
For elementary school students struggling in reading, academic tutoring—either 1-to-1 or in small groups— has been found to be the most effective intervention. The average proven tutoring program for elementary reading has an effect size of +0.41, equivalent to an increase from the 50th to the 60th percentile, and to about five additional months of learning. These are very large impacts.
This report, “Literacy Tutoring for Baltimore: What we know, where we are, and how to move forward,” looks at the research on tutoring at a national level and what programs are currently available and scalable in Baltimore.
Part One of this report, authored by Dr. Robert Slavin, defines tutoring, summarizes the national research base on its effectiveness, and documents best practices. Part Two, authored by Stephanie Safran, describes the current landscape of literacy tutoring supports available to students in Baltimore City, including an examination of the existing evidence on models’ effectiveness, as well as a discussion of opportunities and challenges inherent in scaling up existing programs. The report concludes with Part Three, recommendations for next steps.
With the American Rescue Plan Act and possible future COVID-relief funding from the federal government, we have a unique opportunity to act on creating a comprehensive tutoring system for Baltimore City.