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Non Spanish Speaking Caribbean
Transcript of Non Spanish Speaking Caribbean
*British English; the language has become a mix of English, American Southern drawl, Scottish, & Welsh.
*Jamaican Creole is also spoken
*Haitian Creole is the national language
*a small portion of the population speaks French (10%)
*Official language is English
*Different Creole dialects that are spoken, such as Jamaican Creole
*English is the official language
*Bahamian English is also spoken (among the poorer people)
U.S. Virgin Islands:
British Virgin Islands:
English is the official language of all the Virgen islands (st. croix, st. thomas, and st. john but they have different dialects and other languages are spoken as well (even though not widely used by the people):
St. Croix: english, spanish, french creole, and crucian.
St. Thomas and St. John: small percentage of dutch creole speakers.
*influenced by sea (lobster, turtle, and conch)
*coconut, plantains, yams, rice, and mangos are used a lot
*They traditionally cook food outside in iron pots
*Jamaican cuisine has gotten popular
*Influenced by Spain, France, Africa, and U.S.
*Guava, pineapple, papaya, sweet potato, rice, and corn are heavily eaten
*sugarcane and coffee crops are important
*Based on Creole and French cooking styles
*Spanish, British, African, and Indian influences
*fish, beans, and vegetables and smaller portions of meat
*fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, and rice.
*local fish or conch, rice and peas, baked goods, and fresh fruit are considered holiday dishes.
“He hath founded it upon the seas.”
*During Christmas they cover their front yards in sand and pretend it’s snow. This is called ‘backing sand"
*Influenced by Spain, France, Africa, and the Caribbean island culture.
*Voodoo ceremonies –
*Traditions have to do with birth and death
*Parents do not cut their baby’s hair until they have started to speak
*If a person dies at home then someone will sweep behind the body as it is being carried out
* African and European influences
Official language is English but different dialects and languages in the islands are:
Dominica: French and Antillean Creole
Barbados: a regional variant of English is spoken called Bajan.
St Kitts and Nevis: St. Kitts Creole is spoken by 40% of the population.
Both Tortola and Montserrat have British English as their official language. Tortola however, has their own local slang depending the region.
Official Language is French, but dialects are also found in the island
Guadeloupe: Antillean Creole
St. Martin: Local Creole and English is understood
St. Bart: Norman Dialect
Official Language is Dutch, but other languages and dialects are also found in the island
Bonaire: Papiamentu, English, and Spanish
Sint Maarten: English is spoken
*Traditionally, women took care of family business and government when men went to sea.
*In the 1930s it was realized that if their society wanted to progress, women’s roles and expectations had to be changed.
*Expected that their parents control their behavior
*All kids go to school for free until they are sixteen
*responsible for domestic activities
*The jobs that are for women are usually in healthcare, like nursing.
*rural women are seen as outsiders
*Usually work in paid or unpaid household labor, retail trades, education, and social welfare.
*Jamaican woman’s place is in the home
*more women live in poverty and are more unemployed than men
*Equal status as men
*Work usually in nursing, elementary schools, and offices.
*High social status and marriage are seen as feminine so women have more social options than men
*Responsible for getting water and firewood
*Expected to help cook and clean the house
*Haitian parents are strict on their children.
*Education is seen as prestigious so parents try to send their children to at least primary school.
*Education in children is important.
*At the age of five, children are already given responsibilities
*Socialized into traditional adult roles
*Girls care for their younger siblings and help with housework
*Boys can work with their fathers and they are free to play
*local bands play reggae music
*jazz and folk music
*Popular instruments that are used are the fiddle, accordion, mouth organ, grater and drums.
*Blend of African drum rhythms and European dance music
*Best known for reggae music
*music is very important to their culture
*Junkaroo is the most popular form of music in the Bahamas.
*Reggae and Calypso music is also popular
St. Vincent & The Grenadies
*Official language is English but most Vincentians speak Vincentian Creole.
*Official language is English but the native language is Saint Lucian French Creole.
*Based on British and French cuisine.
St. Vincent & Grenadies
*Arrowcakes, Calloloo soup, doucana, doughboy, roasted breadfruit and saltfish, tri-tri cakes, breadfruit
Trinidad & Tobago
*English is the country's official language.
*Main spoken language are two English-based creole languages
(Trinidadian Creole or Tobagonian Creole)
*Trinidadian English and Creole is influenced by French and French Creole (Patois).
*fresh fruit and vegetables, fish and a variety of curry, jerk, rice and stewed dishes.
*French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine
*Best known for “mountain chicken” frog legs and “goat water,” a thick goat-meat stew.
* Local food is called Krioyo
* Dishes common in Curaçao are found in Aruba and Bonaire as well. Popular dishes include: stobá, Guiambo, kadushi, sopi mondongo, funchi and a lot of fish and other seafood.
* Seamoss is a popular drink made of seaweed that is boiled until it dissolves and then mixed with milk and spices.
* Christian morality
*Sundays are sacred for them. Dancing and live music is not allowed in bars on Sundays.
*They have a strong sense of family, heritage, and national pride.
*Official state religion is Catholicism, but over the last forty years Protestant missionary activity has increased.
*After the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010, many people turned to their faith. Family and religion became even more important.
*Jamaica has the most churches per capita in the world.
*Most Jamaicans are Christian.
*Most Bahamians are Christians and take their religion seriously.
*some Christian beliefs are combined with African superstitions
*Calypso is the native music.
*Tempore is also another popular art form where the musicians sing to a standard tune with impromptu lyrics.
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
*The music scene is based on Big Drum, calypso, soca, steelpan and also reggae.
*String band music, quadrille and bele music and traditional storytelling are also popular.
*The music based on elements derived from the music of Africa, especially rhythmically, and Western Europe
* Local fish, goat, vegetables, and pork rule most dishes. Because of their history, they are inspired by many Puerto Rican dishes.
*birthplace of the calypso, meringue, soca, zouk and reggae.
*Folk music has declined partly because of imported musical styles such as calypso, reggae, soca, and pop.
*The St. Barts Music Festival is a major international performing arts event held every year
*Aruba and Curacao share the same cultural music
*Scratch bands, also known as fungi bands and formerly string bands, are a distinctive form of folk ensemble
Trinidad and Tobago
*Local music, primarily Soca and Calypso play a key role in Carnival Celebrations.
* Food is inspired by the Caribbean but they also are inspired by the French and Danish.
St. Kitts and Nevis
* Fresh produce, goat, seafood and flavored by West Indian influences. Well-known dish: goat stew.
*Maize, goat meat, fish, stoba (stew of vegetabls), rice, and fish are mostly eaten and make up traditional dishes. Number one snack is the pastechi (pie filled with cheese and/or beef).
*the dances are influenced by Africans who were brought
to Haiti as slaves
*a lot of the dances come from the Dahomey region in Africa
*there is a type of dance called the Quadrille that originated in
the courts and upper class. It involves a lot of leg movement
that has been influenced by African dance.
*Seafood, mutton, fungi (cornmeal and okra) and highly seasoned with Caribbean spices. Most food is served with a side of johnny cakes (cornmeal flatbread) or dumplings.
*Similar food to Aruba and Bonaire. Typical foods are funchi (maize porridge, pan bati (kind of like a johnnycake) - these two are combined with carni stoba (goat stew). Black cake (fruit cake with molasses) is prepared only on special occasions.
*has African and European influence
*there are over 40 different types of dances
*Tradition food is inspired by the French and West Indian Creole Cuisine. Most dishes are with seafood and/or chicken mixed with heavy Caribbean spices.
*their dances consist of African rhythms
*Bahamian Quadrille is a type of dance
*Heel and Toe Polka is another type of dance
*African influenced dances
*Makes them feel connected to tribal heritage.
*The most important of the Afro-Lucian Creole folk dances is the kwadril.
Trinidad and Tobago
*Reel and Jig
*Ceremonial dances associated with the African tribes brought to Tobago as slaves are also performed
*Women are beginning to take over professions
*Still expected to perform traditional household duties such as cleaning and laundry.
*Women perform most agricultural labor.
*Assembly factories hire a mostly female workforce.
Trinidad & Tobago
*Women have made many gains in the last three decades
*Sexual harassment has been a societal issue since the 1980s.
*women are well-represented in all aspects of national life.
*Women depended primarily on their children for economic support.
Children are often fostered in the homes of relatives, especially grandparents.
Children enter infant school at age five.
*Children are cared for within the domestic unit of family.
*Religion has had a strong influence on education.
Trinidad and Tobago
*Quick to discipline children.
*Children are expected to show that they are "broughtupsy"
*Boys are expected to be aggressive and, as they get older, sexually aware, but respectful to adults.
*Girls do not have free reign.
*Child-rearing traditions emphasize gender-based family responsibilities.
*Both boys and girls began to work around the home at a very young age, doing chores such as carrying water by age five.
*Mothers often spoiled their boys.
*Girls now can become lawyers, businesswomen, and university professors.
*Religious celebration is Fisherman's Birthday
*National Dance Festival
St. Vincent & Grenadies
*Bamboo blowing tradition
*Bequia Music Fest
Trinidad & Tobago
*Death is celebrated in several ways.
*Traditional courtship rituals
Every joyous occasion was celebrated with a “ti-sec”, a baked galette— or a sweet potato pudding
*Protestant Church is the official religion of this part of the island
*Even though it shares the island with St. Maarteen, this side of the island is predominately roman catholic
*There are several religions in St. Croix but the most prominent one is Christianity due in part to the larg Hispanic population
*Similar to St. Croix, most of the population practices Christianity
St. Kitts and Nevis
*People practice Catholism, Protestant, and small percent of Islam.
*Roman Catholicism is the official and main religion in Aruba.
*Most of the population are Christians, Methodist, or Anglican.
* January 6th to Febuary 2nd: Carnival in which local dances and food are showcased. However, the dutch side celebrates its carnival fro April 6 to May 2nd.
*Early December to Mid Janurary: Crucian Christmas Festival. Largest festival in the island. They have a island-wide triathlon in May.
St. Kitts and Nevis
*They have a festival or carnival every two months or so depending on the city or region. Most famous one is the St. Kitts Music Festival in late June.
*Huge Christmas celebration and towns and cities have a traditional Christmas lights competition.
*They celebrate a feel week in August the Emancipation Proclamation to the end of slavery and celebrate it carnival style.
St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. Kitts
*women are taking political roles and are creating government committees.
*In St. Kitts and Nevis, they have created their women soccer team
.*Women are slowly gaining better positions.
*The number of women in the labor market has increased enormously since 1994.
*Discriminatory rules, which kept female participation in the civil service, have been removed.
U.S Virgin Islands
* Same education system as the United States
* 98% literacy rate
*The only 2 universities offer up to doctorate programs.
* Different roles in household - women/girls usually do cooking and household errands while boys/men do the heavy work in the house.
British Virgin islands
*Boys and girls have equality in school
*Start school when you are 5 years old until you are 17.
*Main role of children in to go to school and get an education.
U.S Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands
*Quadrille and Bamoula
*Calypso and Afro-Inspired Dances
US Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands
*They share culturally the same music
*Folk music = scratch bands and fungi music, similar to the Puerto Rican guiro are used to make folk music along with tambourine, flute, violin, and accordion. Quelbe is the official music of the Virgen Islands and is what scratch bands prefer to do. Quelbes contain sexual innuendos and double meanings but are usually about historic events, celebrations, relationships, and festivals.
*Other popular music are Calypso, Reggae, Salsa, Soca (Soul+Calypso) but these are more modern.