Description of the quantitative relationships among elements and compounds as they undergo chemical changes.
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Absolute Entropy (of a substance)
The increase in the entropy of a substance as it goes from a perfectly ordered crystalline form at 0 °K (where its entropy is zero) to the temperature in question.
Entropy is a measure of the “dilution” of thermal energy.
Cathode Ray Tube
Closed glass tube containing a gas under low pressure, with electrodes near the ends and a luminescent screen at the end near the positive electrode, produces cathode rays when high voltage is applied.
The smallest particle of an element.
A neutron ejected at high kinetic energy in a nuclear reaction.
The relative amounts of reactants and products involved in a reaction, maybe the ratio of moles. millimoles, or masses.
Absorption of a K shell (n=1) electron by a proton as it is converted to a neutron.
Reactions that do not go to completion and occur in both the forward and reverse direction.
Vaporization of a liquid below its boiling point.
A solid characterized by a regular, ordered arrangement of particles.
A cluster of atoms in a ferromagnetic substance, all of which align in the same direction in the presence of an external magnetic field.
Study of chemical changes produced by electrical current and the production of electricity by chemical reactions.
Many representative elements attain at least a share of eight electrons in their valence shells when they form molecular or ionic compounds, there are some limitations.
The capacity to do work or transfer heat.
A sample of matter composed of two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties.
Refers to species that have only six electrons in the highest energy level of the central element (many Lewis acids).
Magnetic Quantum Number (mc)
Quantum mechanical solution to a wave equation that designates the particular orbital within a given set (s, p, d, f ) in which a electron resides.
Colloidal suspension of a liquid in a liquid.
Refers to different atomic forms of all elements in contrast to ?isotopes?, which refer only to different atomic forms of a single element.
Water containing deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen.
Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.