develop an appreciation of and respect for all learning environments (classroom, laboratory, field, etc.)
manipulate materials thr ough teacher dir ection and fr ee discovery
select appropriate standard and nonstandard measurement tools for measurement activities
estimate, find, and communicate measurements, using standard and nonstandard units
use and record appropriate units for measured or calculated values
utilize senses optimally for making observations
observe, analyze, and report observations of objects and events
observe, identify, and communicate patterns
Matter takes up space and has mass. Two objects cannot occupy the same place at the same time.
Matter has properties (color, hardness, odor, sound, taste, etc.) that can be observed through the senses.
Objects have properties that can be observed, described, and/ or measured: length, width, volume, size, shape, mass or weight, temperature, texture, flexibility, reflective- ness of light.
Measurements can be made with standard metric units and nonstandard units. (Note: Exceptions to the metric system usage are found in meteorology.)
The material(s) an object is made up of determine some specific properties of the object (sink/ float, conductivity, magnetism). Properties can be observed or measured with tools such as hand lenses, metric rulers, thermometers, balances, magnets, circuit testers, and graduated cylinders.
Objects and/ or materials can be sorted or classified according to their properties.
temperature -hot or cold
lighting -shadows, color
moisture -wet or dry
Energy exists in various forms: heat, electric, sound, chemical, mechanical, light.
Energy can be transferred from one place to another.
Some materials transfer energy better than others (heat and electricity).
Energy and matter interact: water is evaporated by the Sun s heat; a bulb is lighted by means of electrical current; a musical instrument is played to produce sound; dark colors may absorb light, light colors may reflect light.
Electricity travels in a closed circuit.
Heat can be released in many ways, for example, by burning, rubbing (friction) , or combining one substance with another.
Interactions with forms of energy can be either helpful or harmful.
Animals need air, water, and food in order to live and thrive.
Plants require air, water, nutrients, and light in order to live and thrive.
Nonliving things do not live and thrive.
Nonliving things can be human-created or naturally occurring.
Living things grow, take in nutrients, breathe, reproduce, eliminate waste, and die.
All living things grow, take in nutrients, breathe, reproduce, and eliminate waste.
An organism s external physical features can enable it to carry out life functions in its particular environment.
Plants respond to changes in their environment. For example, the leaves of some green plants change position as the direction of light changes; the parts of some plants undergo seasonal changes that enable the plant to grow; seeds germinate, and leaves form and grow.
Animals respond to change in their environment, (e.g. , perspiration, heart rate, breathing rate, eye blinking, shivering, and salivating).
Senses can provide essential information (regarding danger, food, mates, etc.) to animals about their environment.
Some animals, including humans, move from place to place to meet their needs.
Particular animal characteristics are influenced by changing environmental conditions including: fat storage in winter, coat thickness in winter, camouflage, shedding of fur.
Some animal behaviors are influenced by environmental conditions. These behaviors may include: nest building, hibernating, hunting, migrating, and communicating.
The health, growth, and development of organisms are affected by environmental conditions such as the availability of food, air, water, space, shelter, heat, and sunlight.
Humans need a variety of healthy foods, exercise, and rest in order to grow and maintain good health.
Good health habits include hand washing and personal cleanliness; avoiding harmful substances (including alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs) ; eating a balanced diet; engaging in regular exercise.
Green plants are producers because they provide the basic food supply for them- selves and animals.
All animals depend on plants. Some animals (predators) eat other animals (prey).
Animals that eat plants for food may in turn become food for other animals. This sequence is called a food chain.
Decomposers are living things that play a vital role in recycling nutrients.
An organism s pattern of behavior is related to the nature of that organism s environment, including the kinds and numbers of other organisms present, the availability of food and other resources, and the physical characteristics of the environment.
When the environment changes, some plants and animals survive and reproduce, and others die or move to new locations.
Plants manufacture food by utilizing air, water, and energy from the Sun.
The Sun s energy is transferred on Earth from plants to animals through the food chain.
Heat energy from the Sun powers the water cycle (see Physical Science Key Idea 2).