Order of Culture
The Order of Culture is a Japanese order, established on February 11, 1937. The order has one class only, may be awarded to men and women for contributions to Japan's art, science, technology, or anything related to culture in general; the order is conferred by the Emperor of Japan in person on Culture Day each year. The badge of the order, in gold with white enamel, is in the form of a Tachibana orange blossom; the badge is suspended on a gold and enamel wreath of mandarin orange leaves and fruit, in turn suspended on a purple ribbon worn around the neck. The Order of Culture and Persons of Cultural Merit function together in honoring contributions to the advancement and development of Japanese culture in a variety of fields such as academia and others; the Emperor himself presents the honor at the award ceremony, which takes place at the Imperial Palace on the Day of Culture. Candidates for the Order of Culture are selected from the Persons of Cultural Merit by the Minister of Education, Sports and Technology, upon hearing views of all the members of the selection committee for the Persons of Cultural Merit.
The Minister recommends the candidates to the Prime Minister so that they can be decided by the Cabinet. The system for Persons of Cultural Merit was established in 1951 by the Law on Pensions for the Persons of Cultural Merit; the purpose is to honor persons of cultural merit by providing a special government-sponsored pension. Since 1955, the new honorees have been announced on the Day of Culture, the same day as the award ceremony for the Order of Culture. A complete list can be found here. Akira Ifukube. A composer of classical music and film scores. Ryukichi Inada. A physician, a prominent academic, bacteriologist researcher. Hideo Kobayashi. An author, who established literary criticism as an independent art form in Japan. Hantaro Nagaoka. A physicist and a pioneer of Japanese physics in the early Meiji period. Nakamura Kichiemon I. 1st kabuki actor to receive this honor. Nakamura Utaemon VI. A famous kabuki actor, known for his oyama roles. Kaii Higashiyama. A famous artist and writer, renowned for his Nihonga style paintings.
Kinjiro Okabe. An electrical engineering researcher and professor who developed the split-anode magnetron. Jirō Osaragi. A popular writer in Shōwa period. Junjiro Takakusu. An academic, an advocate for expanding higher education opportunities, an internationally known Buddhist scholar. Kenjiro Takayanagi. A pioneer in the development of television. Morohashi Tetsuji. An important figure in the world of Japanese studies and Sinology. Susumu Tonegawa. A scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987. Eiji Yoshikawa. A historical novelist. Masaru Ibuka. Co-founder and Chairman of Sony Corporation. Takashi Asahina. Orchestral conductor. Tadao Umesao. Ethnologist. Hideo Shima. Railway engineer. Shigemitsu Dandō. Criminologist. Shūsaku Endō. Writer. Hanae Mori. Fashion designer. Rizō Takeuchi. Historian of Japan. Masatoshi Koshiba. Nobel Prize-winning physicist. Hirofumi Uzawa. Economist. Ikuo Hirayama. Nihonga artist. Tadamitsu Kishimoto. Immunologist. Hiroyuki Agawa. Writer. Takeshi Umehara. Scholar of Japanese cultural studies.
Ryōji Noyori. Nobel Prize-winning chemist. Hideki Shirakawa. Nobel Prize-winning chemist. Isuzu Yamada. Actress. Chie Nakane. Social anthropologist. Toshio Yodoi. Sculptor. Kyōhei Fujita. Glass artist. Kaneto Shindō. Film director. Kōichi Tanaka. Nobel Prize-winning scientist. Kazuhiko Nishijima. Physicist. Sadako Ogata. Political scientist and diplomat. Makoto Ōoka. Poet and literary critic. Yōji Totsuka. Physicist. Nakamura Jakuemon, Kabuki actor Toan Kobayashi, Seal carver Shizuka Shirakawa, Scholar of Chinese-language literature Horin Fukuoji, Nihonga painter Mitsuko Mori. Actress. Makoto Saitō. Political scientist, specializing in American political history. Ryuzan Aoki, Ceramic artist Toshio Sawada, Civil engineer Shigeaki Hinohara, Doctor Yoshiaki Arata. A pioneer of nuclear fusion research. Jakuchō Setouchi. Writer/Buddhist nun. Hidekazu Yoshida. Music critic. Chusaku Oyama, Nihonga painter Miyohei Shinohara, Economist Akira Mikazuki. Former justice minister and professor emeritus. Shinya Nakamura. Sculptor. Kōji Nakanishi.
Organic chemist. Tokindo Okada, Developmental biologist Shigeyama Sensaku, Kyogen performer Hironoshin Furuhashi. Sportsman and sports bureaucrat. Kiyoshi Itō. A mathematician whose work is now called Itō calculus. Donald Keene. A Japanologist, teacher, writer and interpreter of Japanese literature and culture. Makoto Kobayashi. A physicist, awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. Toshihide Masukawa. A theoretical physicist, awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics. Seiji Ozawa. A conductor noted for his interpretations of large-scale late Romantic works. Osamu Shimomura. An organic chemist and marine biologist, awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Seiko Tanabe. Author. Sumio Iijima. Physicist. Tōjūrō Sakata IV. Kabuki actor. Katsura Beicho, Rakugo performer Akira Hayami, Historian Yorio Hinuma, Virologist Tadao Ando. Architect. Akito Arima. Nuclear physicist. Issei Miyake. Fashion designer. Eiichi Negishi. Chemistry Nobel Prize l
Translated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia. May be expanded Kusumoto Chōzaburō was a Japanese scientist and the second president of Osaka Imperial University, he was the founder of Osaka Medical College, oversaw the elevation of the school from a prefectural college to an imperial university. In establishing the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, he contributed to the expansion of Osaka Imperial University. Kusumoto was born in the village of Shichikama incorporated into the town of Saikai, in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki on 10 March 1871, or the 20th day of the first month by the old calendar still in use; the second son of Kusumoto Gansho, he lost his father at an early age and was raised by his mother and grandfather, who himself died in October 1882, leaving his mother to raise four children alone. However, with her support he graduated from a private junior high school in Omura in 1889 and from its First Higher School in 1896.
In December 1900, he graduated from the medical school of Tokyo Imperial University. Following his graduation, Kusumoto worked as a teaching assistant in the medical school until April 1905, when he took up the post of medical director and instructor in the medical school of Osaka Prefectural Higher School. In March 1906, he left for Germany to undertake further studies, returning in October 1907. While in Germany, Kusumoto studied the Zarichin effect of the relationship between bile and fecal hyperlipidemia in regards to diet, he conducted research on Vitamin B1 after his return to Japan. In December 1909, he was awarded a doctorate from Tokyo Imperial University for a paper "concerning the occurrence of bleeding in the kidney". However, Kusumoto's inclinations were more towards clinical studies rather than research, he always made efforts to be courteous while treating the patient, as he had noted doctors seemed to regard clinical studies as more of a hobby than a true duty. After he became a university president, he was noted for his kindness towards patients.
In February 1917, Kusumoto became an instructor at a public vocational school. After becoming dean of the medical college, he strenuously worked towards the recognition of Osaka University as an imperial university, including taking a six-month tour of Western countries from April 1930 to study their universities. After returning home, he and the university faculty with the cooperation of public and private sectors and the Osaka business community, promoted the concept of Osaka Imperial University to Prime Minister Hamaguchi. On 1 May 1931, with the support of Finance Minister Jun'nosuke Inoue et al. the government donated ¥ 185 million, equal to over $1.1 billion in the present day. As the progenitor of Osaka Imperial University, Kusumoto had much popular support from many in the community to become the new institution's first president. However, the Minister of Education instead supported Hantaro Nagaoka upon a recommendation from RIKEN. Though Hantaro was himself hesitant to assume the role, it was agreed Kusumoto would be his successor, Hantaro would retire as soon as possible.
Kusumoto became the second president of the university in June 1934. In September, he established the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases with donations from the business community, headed a group to study cancer treatment in August 1935; the study group began cancer treatment research by buying 3g of radium from Czechoslovakia, reported in newspapers. He was appointed Director of the Institute of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Disaster Science of Osaka Imperial University in January 1937. In November 1939, the Industry and Research Association/Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research was formed; as a result of discussions with the President of Nippon Life Insurance, Naruse Ogata, in September 1942 Tekijuku land and buildings of the current Ogata Koan were donated to Kusumoto. Kusumoto retired in February 1943, he died at the hospital he had helped establish on 6 December 1946, aged 75. Showa Coronation Medal - November 1928 Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure - February 1943 Senior third rank Third rank Senior fourth rank Fourth rank Senior fifth rank Fifth rank Senior sixth rank Upon Kusumoto's retirement in February 1943, the "Association Memorial Scholarship of Former President Kusumoto" was set up, funded by individuals and the business community.
In March 1945, Dr. Kusumoto Memorial Scholarship Foundation was established and in December of the same year the foundation set up Kusumoto Award to "inherit the will of his tenure, to subsidize and promote the development of natural sciences and humanities"; the award has been presented every year to the excellent graduates from each of the faculties and departments of Osaka University
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work to solve mathematical problems. Mathematics is concerned with numbers, quantity, space and change. One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus, he is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales' Theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos established the Pythagorean School, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number", it was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman mathematician recorded by history was Hypatia of Alexandria, she succeeded her father as Librarian at the Great Library and wrote many works on applied mathematics. Because of a political dispute, the Christian community in Alexandria punished her, presuming she was involved, by stripping her naked and scraping off her skin with clamshells.
Science and mathematics in the Islamic world during the Middle Ages followed various models and modes of funding varied based on scholars. It was extensive patronage and strong intellectual policies implemented by specific rulers that allowed scientific knowledge to develop in many areas. Funding for translation of scientific texts in other languages was ongoing throughout the reign of certain caliphs, it turned out that certain scholars became experts in the works they translated and in turn received further support for continuing to develop certain sciences; as these sciences received wider attention from the elite, more scholars were invited and funded to study particular sciences. An example of a translator and mathematician who benefited from this type of support was al-Khawarizmi. A notable feature of many scholars working under Muslim rule in medieval times is that they were polymaths. Examples include the work on optics and astronomy of Ibn al-Haytham; the Renaissance brought an increased emphasis on science to Europe.
During this period of transition from a feudal and ecclesiastical culture to a predominantly secular one, many notable mathematicians had other occupations: Luca Pacioli. As time passed, many mathematicians gravitated towards universities. An emphasis on free thinking and experimentation had begun in Britain's oldest universities beginning in the seventeenth century at Oxford with the scientists Robert Hooke and Robert Boyle, at Cambridge where Isaac Newton was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics & Physics. Moving into the 19th century, the objective of universities all across Europe evolved from teaching the “regurgitation of knowledge” to “encourag productive thinking.” In 1810, Humboldt convinced the King of Prussia to build a university in Berlin based on Friedrich Schleiermacher’s liberal ideas. Thus and laboratories started to evolve. British universities of this period adopted some approaches familiar to the Italian and German universities, but as they enjoyed substantial freedoms and autonomy the changes there had begun with the Age of Enlightenment, the same influences that inspired Humboldt.
The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge emphasized the importance of research, arguably more authentically implementing Humboldt’s idea of a university than German universities, which were subject to state authority. Overall, science became the focus of universities in the 20th centuries. Students could conduct research in seminars or laboratories and began to produce doctoral theses with more scientific content. According to Humboldt, the mission of the University of Berlin was to pursue scientific knowledge; the German university system fostered professional, bureaucratically regulated scientific research performed in well-equipped laboratories, instead of the kind of research done by private and individual scholars in Great Britain and France. In fact, Rüegg asserts that the German system is responsible for the development of the modern research university because it focused on the idea of “freedom of scientific research and study.” Mathematicians cover a breadth of topics within mathematics in their undergraduate education, proceed to specialize in topics of their own choice at the graduate level.
In some universities, a qualifying exam serves to test both the breadth and depth of a student's understanding of mathematics. Mathematicians involved with solving problems with applications in real life are called applied mathematicians. Applied mathematicians are mathematical scientists who, with their specialized knowledge and professional methodology, approach many of the imposing problems presented in related scientific fields. With professional focus on a wide variety of problems, theoretical systems, localized constructs, applied mathematicians work in the study and formulation of mathematical models. Mathematicians and applied mathematicians are considered to be two of the STEM careers; the discipline of applied mathematics concerns
Toshio Hirano is a Japanese immunologist and academic, best known for his discovery of interleukin-6. Since August 2011, he has served as the 17th President of Osaka University. 1972 - graduated from Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University 1980 - assistant professor in the School of Medicine, Kumamoto University 1984 - assistant professor at Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University 1989 - professor at the same university 2004 - Dean of Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University 2008 - Dean of Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University August 2011 - the 17th president of Osaka University Erwin von Balz prize, 1986 CIBA-GEIGY Rheumatism Prize, 1990 Sandoz Prize for Immunology, 1992 Osaka Science Prize, 1997 Mochida Memorial Prize, 1998 ISI Citation Laureate Award, 1981–98, 2000 The Fujihara Award, 2004 The Fujiwara Foundation of Science Medical Award of The Japan Medical Association, 2005, The Japan Medical Association Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon, April, 2006 The Crafoord Prize in Polyarthritis 2009 The Japan Prize for the discovery of interleukin-6, 2011
Tadamitsu Kishimoto is a Japanese immunologist known for research on IgM and cytokines, most famously, interleukin 6. He did postdoctoral work under Kimishige Ishizaka, the discoverer of IgE at Johns Hopkins University, he is listed by the Institute for Scientific Information as a cited biologist and he is in the top ten of h-index of living biologists. Tadamitsu Kishimoto, born in Osaka in 1939, was President of Osaka University from 1997 to 2003 and a Member, Council for Science and Technology Policy, Cabinet office from 2004 to 2006, he is now Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University. He was Dean and Chairman of Department of Medicine at Osaka University Medical School from which he graduated in 1964, he is Japan's leading scientist in the field of life science in immunology and has made fundamental contributions to the understanding of cytokine functions through series of his studies on IL-6, its receptor system, transcription factors. He has developed anti-IL6 receptor therapy for several immune disorders including Castleman's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
He has received numerous awards, including the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy in 1992, the Sandoz Prize for Immunology from the International Union of Immunological Society in 1992 and the Avery-Landsteiner Prize from the German Immunology Society in 1996. In 1998, he was awarded the Order of Culture from Emperor, he was awarded Robert Koch Gold Medal in 2003, Honorary Life Time Achievement Awards from International Cytokine Society in 2006 and the Crafoord Award from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2009. He has been elected a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in 1991, a member of the Japan Academy in 1995 and a member of Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina in 2005, he served as a president of the International Immunopharmacology Society, International Cytokine Society and the Japanese Immunology Society. He is an honorary member in American Association of Immunologists and American Society of Hematology. In the early 1970s, Kishimoto discovered the activity inducing antibody production in culture supernatants of T cells.
Furthermore, he demonstrated that the activity for inducing IgG and IgE antibodies could be separated. This finding led to the discovery of the dichotomy of helper T cells, Th1 and Th2. On the basis of these early studies, Kishimoto discovered and cloned interleukin-6 and its receptor and delineated the signaling pathway used by IL-6 and the set of related cytokines that utilize gp-130, which he discovered, he identified the transcription factors NF-IL-6 and STAT3, both central to the action of IL-6. He further discovered a family of suppressors of cytokine signaling, the SOCS molecules, that are key regulators of cytokine function, he demonstrated the involvement of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of cardiac myxomas, multiple myeloma, Castleman’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. He identified IL-6 as a hepatocyte stimulating factor, he prepared a monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, subsequently humanized and has been shown to be of great therapeutic value in a series of autoinflammatory diseases including Castleman's Disease, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
His work has dominated the field of proinflammatory cytokines and has established paradigms for the study of all of cytokine biology, ranging from discovery of the cytokine and its receptor, through signaling and transcriptional mechanisms, to the utilization of such knowledge to develop effective therapeutics. A series of his IL-6 studies for 35 years since 1973 have been appreciated.
Göttingen is a university city in Lower Saxony, the capital of the eponymous district. It is run through by River Leine. At the start of 2017, the population was 134,212; the origins of Göttingen lay in a village called Gutingi, first mentioned in a document in 953 AD. The city was founded northwest of this village, between 1150 and 1200 AD, adopted its name. In medieval times the city was a member of hence a wealthy town. Today, Göttingen is famous for its old university, founded in 1734 and became the most visited university of Europe. In 1837, seven professors protested against the absolute sovereignty of the kings of Hanover, its alumni include some well-known historical figures: the Brothers Grimm, Heinrich Ewald, Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Georg Gervinus. German Chancellors Otto von Bismarck and Gerhard Schröder attended law school at the Göttingen University. Karl Barth held his first professorship here; some of the most famous mathematicians in history, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Bernhard Riemann and David Hilbert, were professors at Göttingen.
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own quaint traditions. On the day they are awarded their doctorate degrees, students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel; this practice is forbidden, but the law is not enforced. She is considered the most kissed girl in the world. Nearly untouched by Allied bombing in World War II, the inner city of Göttingen is now an attractive place to live with many shops and bars. For this reason, many university students give Göttingen a youthful feel. In 2003, 45 % of the inner city population was only between 30 years of age. Commercially, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and precision-engineered machinery, being the seat of the light microscopy division of Carl Zeiss, Inc. and a main site for Sartorius AG which specialises in bio-technology and measurement equipment—the region around Göttingen advertises itself as "Measurement Valley".
Unemployment in Göttingen was 12.6% in 2003 and is now 7%. The city's railway station to the west of the city centre is on Germany's main north-south railway. Göttingen has two professional basketball teams. For the 2007-08 season, both teams will play in the 1st division; the origins of Göttingen can be traced back to a village named Gutingi to the immediate south-east of the eventual city. The name of the village derives from a small stream, called the Gote, that once flowed through it. Since the ending -ing denoted "living by", the name can be understood as "along the Gote". Archaeological evidence points towards a settlement as early as the 7th century, it is first mentioned in a document by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I in 953 AD, in which the emperor gives some of his belongings in the village to the Moritz monastery in Magdeburg. Archaeological findings point to extensive commercial relations with other regions and a developed craftsmanship in this early period. In its early days, Gutingi was overshadowed by Grona documented from the year 915 AD as a newly built fortress, lying opposite Gutingi on a hill west of the River Leine.
It was subsequently used as an Ottonian imperial palace, with 18 visits of kings and emperors documented between 941 and 1025 AD. The last Holy Roman Emperor to use the fortress of Grona, Heinrich II had a church built in the neighbouring Gutingi, dedicated to Saint Alban; the current church building that occupies this site, the St. Albani Church, was built in 1423; the fortress lost its function as a palace in 1025, after Heinrich II died there, having retreated to it in ill health. It was subsequently used by the lords of Grone; the fortress was destroyed by the citizens of Göttingen between 1323 and 1329, razed to the ground by Duke Otto I during his feuds with the city of Göttingen in 1387. With time, a trading settlement started to form at the river crossing of the Leine to the west of the village, from which it took its name, it is this settlement, given city rights. The original village remained recognisable as a separate entity until about 1360, at which time it was incorporated within the town's fortification.
It is the present city was founded between 1150 and 1180, although the exact circumstances are not known. It is presumed that Duke of Saxony and Bavaria, founded the city; the configuration of the streets in the oldest part of the town is in the shape of a pentagon, it has been proposed that the inception of the town followed a planned design. At this time, the town was known by the name Gudingin or Gotingen, its inhabitants obeyed welfish ownership and ruling rights, the first Göttingen burghers are mentioned, indicating that Göttingen was organised as a true city. It was not, however, a Free Imperial City, but subject to the Welf dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Henry the Elder of Brunswick, eldest son of Henry the Lion and brother of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV, is given as the lord over Göttingen between 1201 and 1208; the original Welf residency in the town consisted of a farm building and the stables of the Welf dukes, which occupied the oldest part of the city's fortifications built prior to 1250.
In its early days, Göttingen became involved in the conflicts of t
Osaka University, or Handai, is a public research university located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Osaka University is one of Japan's National Seven Universities and is considered one of Japan's most prestigious institutions of higher learning, it is ranked among the top three public universities in Japan, along with the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. It is ranked third overall among Japanese universities and 67th worldwide in the 2019 QS World University Rankings; the Japanese Ministry of Education, Sports and Technology has classified Osaka University as a leading university in the Top Global University Project. The ministry selected Osaka University as a Designated National University Corporation in 2018. Osaka University was the sixth modern university in Japan at its founding in 1931. However, the history of the institution includes much older predecessors in Osaka such as the Kaitokudō founded in 1724 and the Tekijuku founded in 1838. Numerous prominent scholars and scientists have attended or worked at Osaka University, such as Nobel Laureate in Physics Hideki Yukawa, manga artist Osamu Tezuka, Lasker Award winner Hidesaburō Hanafusa, author Ryōtarō Shiba, discoverer of regulatory T cells Shimon Sakaguchi.
The academic traditions of the university reach back to the Kaitokudō, an Edo-period school for local citizens founded in 1724, the Tekijuku, a school of Rangaku for samurai founded by Ogata Kōan in 1838. The spirit of the university's humanities programs is believed to be intimately rooted in the history of the Kaitokudō, whereas that of the natural and applied sciences is based upon the traditions of the Tekijuku. Osaka University traces its modern origins back the founding of Osaka Prefectural Medical School in downtown Osaka City in 1869; the school was designated the Osaka Prefectural Medical College with university status by the University Ordinance in 1919. The Medical College merged with the newly founded College of Science to form Osaka Imperial University in 1931. Osaka Imperial University was the sixth imperial university in Japan. Osaka Technical College was incorporated to form the School of Engineering two years later; the entire university was renamed Osaka University in 1947. After merging with Naniwa High School and Osaka High School as a result of the government's education system reform in 1949, Osaka University started its postwar era with five faculties: Science, Engineering and Law.
Since that time new faculties and research institutes have been established, including the first Japanese School of Engineering Science and the School of Human Sciences, which covers such cross-disciplinary research interests as broadly as psychology and education. Built on the then-existing faculties, ten graduate schools were set up as part of the government's education system reform program in 1953. Two more graduate faculties were added in 1994. In 1993, Osaka University Hospital was relocated from the Nakanoshima campus in downtown Osaka to the Suita campus, completing the implementation of the university's plan to integrate the scattered facilities into the Suita and Toyonaka campuses. In October 2007, a merger between Osaka University and the Osaka University of Foreign Studies in Minoh was completed; the merger made Osaka University one of two national universities in the country with a School of Foreign Studies, along with the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. The merger made Osaka University the largest national university in Japan.
Suita and Minoh are the contemporary university's three campuses. Home to the university's headquarters, the Suita campus extends across Suita City and Ibaraki City in Osaka Prefecture; the Suita campus houses faculties of Human Sciences, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Engineering. It contains the Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and a portion of the Graduate School of Information Science and Technology; the campus is home to the Osaka University Hospital and the Nationwide Joint Institute of Cybermedia Center and Research Center for Nuclear Physics. The Toyonaka campus is home to faculties of Letters, Economics and Engineering Science, it is the academic base for Graduate Schools of International Public Policy and Culture, a portion of Information Science, the Center for the Practice of Legal and Political Expertise. All undergraduates attend classes on the Toyonaka campus during their first year of enrollment. Sports activities are concentrated on the Toyonaka campus, with the exception of tennis, located in Suita.
The Minoh campus was incorporated following the merger with the Osaka University of Foreign Studies in October 2007. The Minoh campus is home to the School of Foreign Studies, the Research Institute for World Languages, the Center for Japanese Language and Culture. In addition to these three campuses, the former Nakanoshima campus, the university's earliest campus located in downtown Osaka, served as the hub for the faculty of medicine until the transfer to the Suita campus was completed in 1993. In April 2004, the Nakanoshima campus became the university's Nakanoshima Center, serving as a venue for information exchange, adult education classes, activities involving academic as well as non-academic communities. Osaka University is organized into 11 faculties for 16 graduate schools; the undergraduate programs are the School of Letters, School of Human Sciences, School of Foreign Studies, School of Law, School of Economics, School of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Engineering, School of Engineering Science.
The graduate programs are in the Graduate School of