Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope
The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is a radio telescope operating at 843 MHz. It is operated by the School of Physics of the University of Sydney. The telescope is located near the Molonglo River near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, and was constructed by modification of the East-West arm of the former Molonglo Cross Telescope, a larger version of the Mills Cross Telescope.
The MOST consists of two cylindrical paraboloids, 778m x 12m, separated by 15m and aligned East-West. A line feed system of 7744 circular dipoles collects the signal and feeds 176 preamplifiers and 88 IF amplifiers.
The telescope is steered by mechanical rotation of the cylindrical paraboloids about their long axis, and by phasing the feed elements along the arms. The resulting `alt-alt' system can follow a field for ± 6 hours (necessary for a complete aperture synthesis with an East-West array) only if the field is south of declination -30 degrees. For fields near this limit the signal-to-noise ratio is lower for the first and last hour or so due to the lower gain of the system at large 'meridian arc distance' angles.
- The telescope consisted of a North-South arm and an East-West arm in a cross shape.
- Each arm was approximately one mile in length.
- The East-West arm was split into 88 individual elements to form the current Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope.
The design of the original system owes much to pioneering radio astronomy by Grote Reber in the USA and Australia, that informed Mills' work. A memorial to Reber, including some of his ashes, is sited at the telescope.
Much pioneering radio astronomy was done with this telescope. The Molonogo Cross Telescope was used for a survey of the Southern sky with a resolution of 2.8 arc-min.
The telescope's main research project was the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS), a sensitive radio imaging survey of the southern sky at 843 MHz with similar resolution and sensitivity to the northern NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). SUMSS is now complete, and digital images and a source catalogue are available online.
Square Kilometre Array development
MOST is being used to develop technology for the Australian site of the Square Kilometre Array telescope. Since 2003 work has proceeded on the SKA Molonglo Prototype (SKAMP) which has included fitting new wide-band feeds, low-noise amplifiers, digital filterbanks and correlator, in order to demonstrate 300-1420 MHz continuous frequency coverage and multibeam mode operation.
This effort is a collaboration between the Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Information and Communications Technology Centre, and the University of Sydney.
- 2006 Grote Reber Gold Medal awarded to Bernard Yarnton Mills, Professor emeritus at Sydney University, CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility newsletter, June 2006, accessed 4 January 2009
- "Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey Home Page". Astrophysics Research Group:. University of Sydney. Retrieved 2007-01-30.
- "This 51-year-old telescope is searching 1,000 times a second for one of the rarest events in the Universe". Science Alert. Science Alert ply. ltd. 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2016-02-21.
- "The SKA Molonglo Prototype (SKAMP) - Prototyping SKA Technologies at the Molonglo Radio Telescope". Sydney Institute for Astronomy. University of Sydney. 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- "The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST)". Sydney Institute for Astronomy. University of Sydney. 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-13.