A Tyneside born father of modern science has been commemorated with a blue plaque outside his former home.
Arthur Holmes, 1890-1965, is acknowledged as one of the greatest earth scientists of the past century and founded the Department of Earth Sciences at Durham University.
As a boy, Holmes attended Gateshead Grammar School and lived at 19, Primrose Hill, Low Fell, Gateshead.
Gateshead Council has erected a blue plaque at the house to commemorate him and this was unveiled by the Mayor of Gateshead, Coun Joe Mitchinson.
A pioneer in many fields, Holmes was the first to demonstrate that the Earth was thousands, not tens, of millions of years old.
He also wrote what is undoubtedly the most popular and influential geology textbook of all time, Principles of Physical Geology.
Also in attendance were Cherry Lewis, who has written the definitive biography of Holmes and his life, Professor Bob Holdsworth, current Head of the Department of Earth Sciences in Durham, and Susan Nicholson, who owns 19 Primrose Hill.