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1) This is due to the tilt of the axis. The northern hemisphere is pointed away from the Sun in January and the southern hemisphere is pointed toward the Sun. Because of this the southern hemisphere receives much more of the light and heat from the Sun regardless of the distance.
2) The combination of the axis tilt mentioned above with the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun. These two factors affect the strength of the Sun's light as well as the number of daylight hours for various parts of the Earth's surface....
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