V. B. Lower respiratory tract infection
The lower respiratory tract infection are the infection consisting of the trachea (wind pipe), bronchial tubes, the bronchioles, and the lungs, including the bronchitis and pneumonia. According to The World Health Report 2004 – Changing History(1), in 2002 lower respiratory track infection were still the leading cause of deaths among all infectious diseases, and accounted for 3.9 million deaths worldwide and 6.9% of all deaths that year.
Pneumonia is defined as a condition of the inflammation of the lung as a result of infection, caused by bacteria, such as bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza viruses in most cases. Fungi, such as Pneumocystis jiroveci, certain medication such as PPI Stomach Acid Drugs and other conditions such as impaired immune systems.
G.3. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to the study by Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in TCM differentiation of the symptoms and signs, 52 children with presisting pneumonia were divided into the following four types: 1) deficiency of body fluid due to accumulation of heat in the lung, 2) earth failing to generate metal, 3) deficiency of the Ying and Wei systems, and 4) excessiveness of pathogens due to qi deficiency. After treatment for 2-3 weeks, 40-cases were cured, 8 improved, and 4 ineffective(75).
Other in the study to observe the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) treatments on mycoplasmal pneumonia in children and the changes in the serum cytokines, showed that the total response rate was 93.33% in the treatment group and 73.33% in the control group, showing a significantly better therapeutic effect in the treatment group (P<0.05). The combined treatments also showed better effects in alleviating fever, coughing and rales (P<0.05), and resulted in more obvious reduction in the serum levels of cytokines (P<0.05)(76)
In the study to probe into the mechanism on TCM treatment of infectious atypical pneumonia (severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS) and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness in 12 TCM prescriptions of herbal drugs (orally or i.v.) used to treat 16 cases of SARS without using glucocorticoids, anti-viral agents, immune-regulators or antibiotics (in case there was no definite bacterial infections) found that The average fever abatement time was 4.44 +/- 1.46 days and the mean absorption time of gross pulmonary infiltration was 10.87 +/- 2.92 days. No exacerbation occurred during the treatment(77).
1. Qingfei Huatan Quyu method
In the study to observe the therapeutic effect of Qingfei Huatan Quyu method (QHQ, a Chinese medicinal therapy for clearing Fei-heat and dissolving phlegm-stasis) combined with hormone-antibiotic therapy (HAT) on radiation pneumonia (RP), found that QHQ combined with HAT has a definite therapeutic effect on RP. It could efficiently decrease the plasma levels of IL-6 and TGF-beta in patients with RP(78).
2. Qingjin Runfei Decoction
In the study of Patients randomly assigned to two groups, the control group (51 cases) treated with hormone and antibiotic and the treated group (53 cases) with the above therapy plus QRD conducted by Hangzhou Hospital of Armed Police in Zheijang, found that QRD could enhance the effects of hormone and antibiotic in treating RP, as well as improve QOL of the patients(79).
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