Bill Evans pioneered a technique of using rootless 4-note voicings in his jazz piano playing. Also called closed-position voicings or Mehegen voicings, they consist of two guide tones (3rd and 7th) as well as two other notes (5th/6th and root/9th) and are usually voiced with a guide tone as the bottom note such as 3, 5, 7, 9 or 7, 9, 3, 5. When the 3rd is the bottom note, it is called an "A" voicing. When the 7th is the bottom note, it is called a "B" voicing.
Since chords often move in 4ths and 5ths, alternating between the two types of voicings will often result in smooth, subtle voice leading as seen here in the first 8 bars of the song, "All the Things You Are":
The first chord, F-7, is a "B" voicing and the next chord, Bb-7, is an "A" voicing and this pattern keeps alternating.
Smooth voicing leading is nice, but also it can be artisticly pleasing to travel around more playing consecutive "A" and "B" voicings. In the previous example, the Dbmaj7 chord is voiced as a consecutive "A" voicing because as the chords move lower they begin enter "muddy" territory playing 4 notes so close.
In addition to these two voicings, there are other ways to play 4-note chords leaving the 3rd or 7th out. The final chord in the example is 3,5,6,9 simply because it sounds nice to keep the harmonic rhythm of whole notes in a downward motion.
The use of
is a great way to add color to the sound of your voicings. This is especially true for
dominant V7 chords
because the tensions can be altered or left natural in varying combinations. Alternatively, the use of roots and 5ths can make these voicings sound simpler and more traditional.
4-note voicings are a great choice when you want fuller chords rather than simple
two handed voicings
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