Letters: Lord Macartney, 1783-1785.
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Hastings was the first governor general of British India. He began in 1750 as a clerk at the East India Company. In 1761, he was appointed to the Calcutta Council, and in 1769, was made a member of the Madras Council. In 1771, he became governor of Bengal, and in 1774, governor general of India. In 1784, he resigned and returned to England, where he was charged with high crimes and misdemenears. He was impeached in 1787 but, after a long trial, was acquitted in 1795. He was made a privy councilo...
A member of an old Scots-Irish family, Macartney studied at Trinity College (M.A., 1759) in Dublin. He was knighted and appointed envoy extraordinary to Russia in 1764 and, on his return, entered Parliament, becoming chief secretary for Ireland (1769-72). In 1775 he became governor of the Caribbee Islands (Grenada, the Grenadines, and Tobago), being created an Irish baron in 1776, and from 1780 to 1786 he served as governor of Madras. After being created a viscount (1792), he was sent to China t...