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Lancashire UK (SPX) Dec 20, 2012
An astronomer from the University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) is leading a global study to help find holes in dust clouds.
Professor Derek Ward-Thompson has been joined by astronomers who use Europe's Herschel Space Observatory and they are asking the public to help find holes in the dust clouds that are threaded through our galaxy.
By looking at the images from Herschel, combined with those from NASA's Spitzer satellite, members of the public are invited to join the science effort by helping to distinguish between dense clumps of cold dust and holes in the dusty clouds that are threaded through our galaxy.
Dust clouds don't come in simple shapes, and so the process of distinguishing between dark clouds and holes is incredibly difficult to do. Luckily, the ideal tool is at hand: the human eye.
Observations from the Spitzer satellite show dark regions in the middle of bright clouds of interstellar gas and dust.
These were previously assumed to be dense clouds of much colder dust, which Spitzer's infrared cameras cannot see, and which appear silhouetted against the background light.
The Herschel Space Observatory observes far-infrared light, allowing it to see much colder dust than Spitzer. The expectation was that these dark regions would glow brightly in Herschel's images, allowing astronomers to study them in greater detail.
The Hi-GAL survey, one of the largest Herschel observing programmes, is mapping the entire plane of our galaxy.
By observing these far-infrared wavelengths, it is possible to identify much colder regions than with other infrared satellites, and has resulted in a huge number of discoveries - and surprises.
"We were surprised to find that some of these dark clouds were simply not there, appearing dark in Herschel's images as well," said Professor Ward-Thompson, the Director of the Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics.
"We immediately set about trying to find out how many of these were really there, and how many were holes in space."
The problem proved more complex than the team had anticipated. He said: "The problem is that clouds of interstellar dust don't come in handy easy-to-recognise shapes. The images are too messy for computers to analyse, and there are too many for us to go through ourselves."
This is where the Zooniverse comes in, with its community of citizen scientists poised ready to help out.
The new images are part of the Milky Way Project, which launched two years ago and, through the efforts of over 40,000 volunteers, has already created astronomy's largest catalogue of star-forming bubbles, as well as a plethora of nearby star clusters, distant galaxies and more. The Milky Way Project volunteers are excellent at measuring and mapping our galaxy.
Robert Simpson, the Zooniverse lead for this project, said: "What we've seen across all our projects is that the human brain can classify some images more quickly and reliably than computers can. We're delighted to welcome Herschel into the Zooniverse."
"This is Herschel's first citizen science project. It will be exciting to follow the progress in the coming months," said Goran Pilbratt, the ESA Herschel Project Scientist.
The Milky Way Project
Space Telescope News and Technology at Skynightly.com
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