- POSTED: 06 Aug 2014 18:13
- UPDATED: 08 Aug 2014 10:36
The Rosetta space probe on Wednesday (Aug 6) made a historic rendezvous with a comet, climaxing a 10-year, six-billion-kilometre (3.7b-mile) chase through the Solar System, the European Space Agency said.
PARIS: The space probe Rosetta on Wednesday (Aug 6) made a historic rendezvous with a comet, climaxing a 10-year, six-billion-kilometre (3.7-billion-mile) chase through the Solar System, the European Space Agency (ESA) said. "We're at the comet," Rosetta's flight operations manager, Sylvain Lodiot, declared in a webcast from mission control in Darmstadt, Germany.
It is the first time that a spacecraft has ever gone into orbit around a comet, a wanderer of the Solar System whose primeval dust and ice could hold insights into how the planets formed. In November, a robot scientific lab called Philae will be sent down to the surface to make the first-ever landing on a comet.
Rosetta's rendezvous with Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was confirmed at 0929 GMT, at a distance of 400 million kilometres from Earth, according to signals received at ground stations. ESA Director General Jean-Jacques Dordain hailed the achievement, the fruit of 20 years' work to design, build and launch the three-tonne spacecraft and steer it to its target.
"It makes 2014 the year of Rosetta," he said. "Rosetta is a unique mission, unique by its scientific goal," Dordain said. "Understanding our origins is certainly the best way to understand our future."
Launched in March 2004, the craft had to make four flybys of Mars and Earth, using their gravitational force as a slingshot to build up speed to catch up with its prey. It entered a 31-month hibernation as light from the distant Sun became too weak for its solar panels. That period ended in January with a wake-up call sent from Earth.
It then began a complex series of manoeuvres to slow down to walking speed with the comet. The final one was a small firing of thrusters, lasting just six minutes and 26 seconds, from 0900 GMT, it said. "This burn will tip Rosetta into the first leg of a series of three-legged triangular paths about the comet," ESA said.
The signals confirming the start and stop of the crucial final operation were received by ground monitoring stations 22 minutes later.
The "pyramidal" orbits will put the craft at a height of about 100 kilometres (60 miles) above the comet, said Lodiot. Each leg of the triangle will be around 100 kilometres and take Rosetta between three and four days to complete.
Comets are believed by astrophysicists to be ancient ice and dust left from the building of the Solar System around 4.6 billion years ago. This cosmic rubble is the oldest, least touched material in our stellar neighbourhood. Understanding its chemical ID and physical composition will give insights into how the planets coalesced after the Sun flared into light, it is hoped.
It could also determine the fate of a theory called "pan-spermia", which suggests comets, by smashing into the infant Earth, sowed our home with water and precious organic molecules, providing us with a kickstart for life.
The spacecraft is named after the famous stone, now in the British Museum, which explained Egyptian hieroglyphics, while its payload, Philae, is named after a Nile obelisk that in turn helped decipher the Rosetta stone.
The four-kilometre comet returns around the Sun on an egg-shaped orbit every six and a half years, its furthest point being beyond Jupiter. It is named after two Ukrainian astronomers, Klim Churyumov and Svetlana Gerasimenko, who first spotted it in 1969.