Have you ever worn your outdoor shoes indoors in Japan?
Have you ever been ten minutes late for a meeting in Switzerland?
If so, then you’ve infringed on these two nations’ norms – and, specifically, on their folkways.
Folkways distinguish between what is considered right and what is considered rude. Right and rude are both based upon cultural values.
Paying the Tab
Say, you’re visiting your Chinese friends in Chengdu. They invite you out for a meal, and you pull out your wallet to pay your tab.
This would be considered rude in Chinese culture. The host paying for the group tab is their folkway.
- Westerner Cultures – usually expect to pay for themselves, unless otherwise agreed upon. This ties in with the Western values of independence and individualism.
- Eastern Cultures – usually consider it an honor for one individual to pay for the entire tab. Honor is a greatly valued characteristic in Chinese and other Eastern societies.
You may be thinking, “How many ways are there to shake a hand?”
In fact, handshakes have distinctly different folkways across cultures.
- Western Cultures – a firm handshake and eye contact is an appropriate greeting in many Western cultures, with the dominant hand being extended.
- Asian Cultures – a two-handed shake is a sign of respect, while a one-hand shake is considered both very rude and superior.
- Middle Eastern Cultures – no one shakes with the left hand, as it’s considered “unclean”; if you go in for a left-handed shake, it’s looked at as an insult. It is also inappropriate for the opposite sex to shake hands.
Waiting in Line
While waiting in line might seem like it’s a universal norm, it certainly isn’t.
- Some Western Cultures – queue up in a straight line. It’s considered polite. If you try to cut, you might be shouted at or, at the very least, glared at. Places like Canada, the US, Britain, and Switzerland take queue etiquette more seriously than others.
- Some European Cultures – queue more loosely. In fact, the queue looks more like milling about. Russians, Germans, and Italians, for instance, are not known for their strict queuing skills.
- Some Asian Cultures – do not strictly queue either. China and India, for instance, don’t abide by the queue. Japan is one of the exceptions.
Right vs. Rude
While neither paying the tab, shaking hands the wrong way, nor cutting in line is considered taboo (another variety of social norm which we’ll talk about later), you may be considered rude if you don’t follow these cultural folkways.
Folkways distinguish between rude and right behavior. They define proper etiquette and politeness. And they inflict a social pressure on individuals to behave and interact according to the accepted folkways of the society.
The difference between folkways and the other norms we will soon talk about is that serious consequences are unlikely to result from any violation of this type of cultural norm. More often, you’ll just be considered impolite.