I always learnt that: " I went up the ladder was" took the verb "être"
Je suis allée jusqu'a l'echelle
Why is it in your example with "avoir". "I went up the stairs"
"J'ai monté les escaliers"??
Indeed with ‘échelle’ you will use ‘être’ as in -
Je suis monté à l’échelle/ Je suis monté sur une échelle
But in the case on ‘monter les escaliers’ , ‘les escaliers’ is the direct object of ‘monter’ which makes the verb transitive requiring it to take ‘avoir’.
Very confusing I know....
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