There are different research methodologies which are adopted in psychology and differ from each other on the way the information is obtained, how the data is sampled and the instruments which are used to collect the information. Psychological methodologies can collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative psychological methodology occurs when the research information is not the result of a statistical procedure. Quantitative psychological methodology occurs when the research data derives from mathematical modelling and statistical estimation.
There are three main types of psychological methodologies: the correlational research, the descriptive research and the experimental research.
Firstly, correlation is a type of methodology which focuses on the relationship between two variables or bivariate data. Correlations are useful as they can predict a future behaviour.
Secondly, the descriptive methodology is used to describe the features of a phenomenon which is being studied. This methodology does not outline how, when and why a behaviour occurs, but it provides a description of the phenomenon. Descriptive research usually happens before the explanatory research.
Thirdly, experimental research is that methodology which employs individuals and animals to study different topics including learning, cognition, memory, sensation and perception, emotion, motivation, and social psychology.
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