ENGRAVINGS Designs and pictures that are incised (carved) in to different materials for the beauty of artwork or the reproduction of a print. Prehistoric Engraving • Dates back 3,000 years • Evidence of engravings on walls of caves, on stone, clay, bone and ivory.
WOODCUT • The first medium able to print pictures and text. • Very time consuming and done in reversed image. • The wood is carved, ink rolled on the raised surface of the wood. The paper is laid on top of the wood and burnished to print the image. REPRODUCTION - ADVERTISING • With Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press in the 15th century, the reproduction of woodcut was established. • Albrecht Durer is known as the master of woodcut. His works were done with such craftsmanship and detail that they appeared as if they were done in pen and ink. • Other great woodcutters and engravers were MC Escher and Winslow Homer.
SCRATCHBOARD • It eventually evolved from woodcut. • It is a stiff card coated with a thin layer of hardened china clay and ink. • Easier and less time consuming than woodcut. • No reverse image required. A negative and a plate was made from that to print from. • Scratchboard originally came in just black and white, either pre-inked or not. • Now it is a fine art medium and comes in black on silver, gold or multi-color.
SCRATCHBOARD REPRODUCTION - ADVERTISING • Scratchboard has been used for over a century reproducing images for books, magazines, and newspapers and as an advertising means. • It is a more practical and cheaper method of reproduction than woodcut. • Scratchboard was originally invented for the purpose of reproduction in printing. • Due to the advancement in technology of halftones and computers, it has now become a fine art medium.