Augustan Obelisk from the Circus Maximus
Piazza del Popolo
The Flaminio Obelisk was brought from Heliopolis by Augustus in 10 BC and set up on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome as a monument to the conquest of Egypt and a dedication to the sun. It is 23.70 meters high and made of Aswan granite. It dates to the 13th century BC and has hieroglyphs from both Seti I and his son Rameses II. It was discovered in 1587 and then moved to the Piazza del Popolo. In 1818, copies of Egyptian lions were added by Valadier.
It was one of two carried off by Augustus in 10 BC with identical inscriptions - the other being the obelisk at the Obelisk of Horologium Augusti.
IMP(erator) CAESAR DIVI F(ilius)
IMP(erator) XII CO(n)S(ul) XI TRIB(unicia) POT(estate) XIV
AEGUPTO IN POTESTATEM
POPULI ROMANI REDACTA
SOLI DONUM DEDIT
The emperor Caesar Augustus, son of the deified Caesar, Pontifex Maximus, triumphing general 12 times, consul 11 times, with tribunician powers 14 times, gave this obelisk as a gift to the Sun after Egypt had been brought under the power of the Roman people.
Circus Maximus depicted on Sestertius of Trajan
Circus Maximus from the Atlas van Loon (1649)
Piazza del Popolo by Giovanni Paolo Panini (1741)
Piazza del Popolo by Giovanni Battista Piranesi (ca. 1750)
A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome by Platner
A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome by Richardson
Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide by Claridge
The Egyptian and Egyptianizing Monuments of Imperial Rome by Roullet