Here at the Vermont Atlas of Life we’re always on the lookout for historic biodiversity data. When we find it, our mission is to save it from potentially being lost in the dustbin of history. Recently, we unearthed a 43 year old document – Lady Beetles: A Checklist of the Coccinellidae of Vermont. The authors listed the first and last date each species was collected in Vermont and the total number of specimens known, a snapshot of Lady Beetle life in Vermont prior to 1976.
Since at least the 1980s, native Lady Beetles that were once very common across the Northeast have become rare or have even gone missing. But there was little information readily available from Vermont. Spurred on by this old document, we began to assemble as much data as possible. First, we digitized 201 records covering 37 species reported in the historic document. We added 185 Vermont records from the Lost Ladybug Project and uploaded them to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) through the Vermont Atlas of Life IPT server. This is coupled with over 400 verified photo-observations comprising 20 Lady Beetle species that community naturalists have reported to the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist that are also shared with GBIF.
These datasets join other records at GBIF, where there are now 865 records representing 40 lady beetle species (seven introduced) available for use. Uniting Vermont data, stored in locations far and wide, shows the power of a data gathering infrastructure like the Vermont Atlas of Life and GBIF.
Most records come from Vermont Atlas of Life iNaturalist users contributing photographs of these beetles. In 2018 alone, 13 verified species were documented from 128 observations. And observers have contributed some unique Vermont records to crowd-sourced databases:
- Undoubtable Lady Beetle (Brachiacantha indubitabilis) – the first and only state record was found in 2014 and reported to BugGuide.net.
- Hieroglyphic Lady Beetle (Coccinella hieroglyphica kirbyi) – the last record in Vermont was reported in 1969 until one was reported to VAL on iNaturalist in 2017.
- Mountain Lady Beetle (Coccinella monticola) – the first and only state record was reported to VAL on iNaturalist in 2017.
Lady beetles, aka ladybugs, are adored by many. But they are also important for farmers. Many species eat plant pests like aphids, scale insects, and mealybugs– which can be serious pests of trees, vegetables, and flowers. Lady beetles lay hundreds of eggs and when they hatch, the larvae immediately begin to feed. Several species are even collected and sold to growers for control of insect pests.
The Missing Lady Beetles in Vermont
What species are we missing now? Fourteen of the 34 native species known from Vermont have not been reported since the 1976 checklist was completed. Three of these species were designated as “species of greatest conservation need” in 2015 in New York: Two-spotted Lady Beetle (Adalia bipunctata), Nine-spotted Lady Beetle (Coccinella novemnotata), and Transverse Lady Beetle (C. transversoguttata). And the Nine-spotted Lady Beetle was recently declared “Endangered” in Canada.
An extensive USDA APHIS survey in 1993 failed to find any Nine-spotted Lady Beetles in 11 Northeastern states, including Vermont. Both the Two-spotted and the Nine-spotted lady beetles were both thought to be extinct in New York until citizen scientists rallied to help Cornell University Lost Ladybug Project search for them. In 2009 the Two-spotted was reported from western New York and in 2011 several Nine-spotted lady beetles were spotted by citizen scientists on Long Island.
Help Us Find Vermont’s Missing Lady Beetles
This year, we hope you’ll search for Lady Beetles near you and report them to the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist. Here’s a couple of resources to help you identify them too: Discover Life pictorial key and a the Field Guide to Ladybugs of North America app for iphone. But no experience is necessary! Just find them, photograph them, and add them to the Vermont Atlas of Life on iNaturalist, even if you don’t know what species you found. Maybe you’ll be the lucky person to find one of our missing lady beetles!
CheckList of the Lady Beetles of Vermont
|Common Name||Scientific Name||Last Reported||Status|
|Five-spotted Lady Beetle||Hippodamia quinquesignata||1890|
|13-spotted Lady Beetle||Hippodamia tredecimpunctata||1913|
|Esteemed Lady Beetle||Hyperaspis proba||1969|
|Two-spotted Lady Beetle||Adalia bipunctata||1971|
|Ten-spotted Lady Beetle||Brachiacantha decempustulata||1971|
|Four-spotted Lady Beetle||Brachiacantha quadripunctata||1976|
|Nine-spotted Lady Beetle||Coccinella novemnotata||1976|
|Transverse Lady Beetle||Coccinella transversoguttata||1976|
|11-spotted Lady Beetle||Coccinella undecimpunctata||1976||Introduced|
|Convergent Lady Beetle||Hippodamia convergens||1976|
|Glacial Lady Beetle||Hippodamia glacialis||1976|
|Undulate Lady Beetle||Hyperaspis undulata||1976|
|Pine Lady Beetle||Scymnus suturalis||1976||Introduced|
|Bigeminy Lady Beetle||Hyperaspis bigeminata||2006|
|Painted Lady Beetle||Mulsantina picta||2009|
|Marsh Lady Beetle||Anisosticta bitriangularis||2012|
|Streaked Lady Beetle||Myzia pullata||2013|
|Undoubtable Lady Beetle||Brachiacantha indubitabilis||2014|
|Tiny Lady Beetle||Nephus flavifrons||2014|
|Spotted Lady Beetle||Coleomegilla maculata||2015|
|Three-banded Lady Beetle||Coccinella trifasciata||2016|
|Orange-spotted Lady Beetle||Brachiacantha ursina||2016|
|Hieroglyphic Lady Beetle||Coccinella hieroglyphica||2017|
|Cream-spotted Lady Beetle||Calvia quatuordecimguttata||2017|
|Mountain Lady Beetle||Coccinella monticola||2017|
|15-spotted Lady Beetle||Anatis labiculata||2018|
|Eye-spotted Lady Beetle||Anatis mali||2018|
|Twice-stabbed Lady Beetle||Chilocorus stigma||2018|
|Seven-spotted Lady Beetle||Coccinella septempunctata||2018||Introduced|
|Polished Lady Beetle||Cycloneda munda||2018|
|Mexican Bean Beetle||Epilachna varivestis||2018||Introduced|
|Parenthesis Lady Beetle||Hippodamia parenthesis||2018|
|Variegated Lady Beetle||Hippodamia variegata||2018||Introduced|
|14-spotted Lady Beetle||Propylea quatuordecimpunctata||2018||Introduced|
|20-spotted Lady Beetle||Psyllobora vigintimaculata||2018|
|Asian Lady Beetle||Harmonia axyridis||2019||Introduced|