The transmission of MRSA infections from pets to their owners is becoming a growing concern, experts warn.
A report published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases claims the infection is passing between animals such as dogs and cats and their human handlers, and vice versa.
Current figures show that in the US, dog and cat bites comprise roughly one per cent of emergency room visits annually, with similar numbers reported in Europe.
The authors of the new study report that severe infections can occur in about 20 per cent of all cases due to bacteria from the animal's mouth, plus possibly other pathogens from the human's skin.
Sepsis can also be a severe complication of bite wounds, particularly those infected with C canimorsus, P multocida, Staphylococcus (including MRSA) and Streptococcus.
They warn that meningitis, endocarditis and peritonitis can also complicate bite-wound infections.
Several other species, including Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Neisseria and Prevotella, might also produce bite-wound sepsis in individuals with leukaemia and lupus, and in those receiving chronic steroids.
As 'community-acquired' strains of MRSA increase in prevalence, the researchers point to the growing evidence of infection colonisation in domestic animals, often implying direct acquisition of S aureus infection from their human owners.
MRSA-related skin infections of pets seem to occur in various manifestations, including simple dermatitis and even perineal cellulitis, and can easily be spread to owners, they write.
The authors conclude: 'Pet owners are often unaware of the potential for transmission of life-threatening pathogens from their canine and feline companions. Bite injuries are a major cause of injury in the US and Europe each year, particularly in children. Bites to the hands, forearms, neck and head have the potential for the highest morbidity.
'Healthcare providers are at the forefront of protecting the vital relationships between people and their pets. Clinicians must continue to promote loving pet ownership, take an adequate pet history and be aware that associated diseases are preventable via recognition, education and simple precautions.'