You cannot be in an offside position when...
you are on your own half of the field
you are further from the opposing goal line than the 2nd last opponent (or even with)
you are further from the opposing goal line than the ball (or even with)
You cannot be guilty of an offside offense...
directly from a throw-in
directly from a goal kick
directly from a corner kick
You cannot be called offside if, at the moment the ball was last played by a teammate, you were nearer to your own goal than the ball or the second-last defender or the halfway line. You also cannot be called offside directly from a goal kick, kick-off, corner kick, or throw-in. Finally, you cannot be called offside, even if you are in an offside position during play, if you do not become involved in the play by playing the ball, interfering with an opponent, or gaining an advantage from that position. Naturally, you cannot be called offside during a dead ball, or before or after a period of play, or when not actively participating in a match.
Its called Offside, or being in an offside position. Being in an offside position, in and of itself, is not a foul. The foul occurs when the ball is PLAYED to the PERSON in an offside position. You can be "passive", not involved in the play, in an offside position and there is no foul.
being offside, and being tackled
The Cambridge Rules, written in 1848, first introduced the concept of offside.
hockey, indoor soccer
No. This is not a cautionable offense. There are other things that can happen simultaneously to the offside call that could be. But being offside would never be a listed reason for a caution.
Sports such as ice hockey, field hockey, American and Canadian football, soccer and rugby have an offside rule.
A player CAN NOT be called for an offside infringement if not "active in the play" however you can be "active in the play" without playing the ball. A player CAN be in an offside POSITION with out being "active in the play."
An onside player is any player who is not in an offside position, as described in Law 11. Offside players are penalized if they become involved in active play.