The first U. S. census counted the population as of August 2, 1790. At that time, it came to just under 4 million, about the population of modern-day Los Angeles.
Every ten years since then, the U. S. Census Bureau has taken another census. This data is useful in a number of ways as it tracks population size, demographics, occupations, income, and other information.
The exact information collected and the way in which it is gathered and tabulated has changed over time.
Looking at past census records is a popular way to learn about one's genealogy and family history. Some of the records, such as for the 1940 census, are available to view online for free. Others have been digitized and indexed by private companies that require a subscription in order to search.
The census can also be a source of controversy. Recently the government has been gearing up for the 2020 census, and there have been arguments surrounding whether to include questions about immigration status, among other concerns.
In addition, the 2010 census already included questions about same-sex couples, but politicians have introduced bills to include more questions about LGBTQ+ people by the 2030 census.
For over 200 years now, who we count and how has mattered, and will continue to change in the future.