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Any apparatus, appliance or device employed to prevent motion or displacement of fractured or movable parts In dentistry, stabilization or splinting refers to tying teeth together , either unilaterally or bilaterally, to convey increased stability to the entire unit.
TYPES OF SPLINTS TEMPORARY PROVISIONAL PERMANENT REMOVABLE FIXED 3 .
TEMPORARY SPLINTS.long term stability of the dentition 4 .for months up to several years with a definitive end to splint therapy PERMANENT SPLINTS.worn for less than 6 months and may not be followed by additional splint therapy PROVISIONAL SPLINTS.
b. 2. a. b. Acid-etch splint INTRACORONAL A-splint Composite and wire splint 5 . EXTRACORONAL Wire and acrylic splint Orthodontic band splint c. a.TEMPORARY SPLINTS 1.
WIRE AND ACRYLIC SPLINT 6 .
A SPLINT 11 .
A SPLINT Placement of interproximal amalgam restorations is essential A retentive channel is cut through amalgam Stainless steel wire placed & fixed with cold cure acrylic 12 .
WIRE & COMPOSITE SPLINT 13 .
FIBER SPLINT RIBBOND Flexible fiber adapted onto tooth surfaces & bonded by resin Easier adaptation & more comfortable to patient Economic unfeasibility 14 .
15 .PROVISIONAL SPLINTS It is eventually replaced by permanent full coverage crowns so minimal preparation of the teeth is required.
FIXED SPLINTS Cast metal partial dentures Resin retained cast metal splints Cast restorations Partial veneer crowns 16 .
RATIONALE FOR SPLINTING Control of forces of parafunction or bruxing Stabilization of mobile teeth for masticatory comfort Stabilization of mobile teeth during surgical phase. especially regenerative therapy 17 .
Cross arch stabilization of an intact or virtually intact natural dentition or preservation of arch integrity Stabilization of a severely periodontally compromised tooth when more definitive treatment is not possible 18 .
Restoration of the vertical dimension of occlusion in a case of posterior bite collapse Prevention of the eruption of an unopposed tooth Post-orthodontic retention 19 .
It is no more than a mechanical means to control mobility and tooth position 20 .CURRENT STATUS No satisfactory evidence that splinting has a biological effect on the progression of periodontal disease.
ADVANTAGES OF SPLINTING Enhances the functional comfort of the patient by reducing excessive mobility Renewed sense of confidence and security to the patient Achievement of a functional criteria of acceptable occlusion Teeth with diminished periodontal support can function as abutments 21 .
DISADVANTAGES OF SPLINTING Not time and cost effective even with simple methods employed Fixed splints may mask important signs of continuing disease so that they escape detection at reassessment Removable splints are less effective in providing stabilization and may lead to increased mobility 22 .
or lead to functional occlusal problems Plaque control especially interproximal difficult Tooth preparations involves otherwise intact teeth and may induce pulpal injury or hypersenstivity 23 . May apply excessive forces on the antagonists.
Rigid splinting deprives their periodontal ligaments of functional stimulation and may lead to atrophy. 24 .