Precautions when processing CNC lathes: The machining process of CNC lathes is similar to that of ordinary lathes. However, since CNC lathes are one-time clamping and continuous automatic machining completes all turning operations, the following aspects should be noted.
1.Reasonable choice of cutting amount: For high-efficiency metal cutting, the material to be processed, cutting tools, and cutting conditions are the three major factors. These determine processing time, tool life and process quality. A cost-effective processing method must be a reasonable choice of cutting conditions. The three elements of the cutting conditions: cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut directly cause damage to the tool. As the cutting speed increases, the tip temperature rises, causing mechanical, chemical, and thermal wear. Cutting speed is increased by 20% and tool life is reduced by 1/2. The feed conditions are related to the wear behind the tool in a very small range. However, the feed rate is large, the cutting temperature rises, and the rear wear is large. It has less effect on the tool than the cutting speed. Although the depth of cut has no effect on the cutting speed and the feed rate, in the case of small depth cutting, the hardened layer is formed on the material to be cut, which also affects the life of the tool. The user should select the cutting speed to be used according to the material to be processed, hardness, cutting state, material type, feed amount, depth of cut, and so on. The selection of the most suitable processing conditions is selected on the basis of these factors. Regular, stable wear and longevity are ideal conditions. However, in actual operations, the choice of tool life is related to tool wear, machined dimensional changes, surface quality, cutting noise, machining heat, and so on. When determining the processing conditions, it is necessary to conduct research according to the actual situation. For difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant alloys, coolant or a rigid blade can be used.
2.Reasonable selection of tools: (1) When roughing, choose high-strength and durable tools to meet the requirements of large back-feeding and large feed. (2) When finishing, it is necessary to select tools with high precision and durability to ensure the processing accuracy. (3) In order to reduce the tool change time and facilitate the toolset, the machine clamp and the machine clamp blade should be used as much as possible.
3. Reasonable selection of fixtures: (1) Try to use universal fixtures to clamp the workpieces, avoiding the use of special fixtures; (2) Part positioning reference overlap to reduce positioning errors.
4. Determine the processing route: The machining route is the movement track and direction of the tool relative to the part during the index control machine tool processing. (1) The machining accuracy and surface roughness requirements should be guaranteed; (2) The machining route should be shortened as much as possible to reduce the tool idle travel time.
5. The connection between processing route and machining allowance: At present, under the condition that the CNC lathe has not reached universal use, the excessive allowance on the blank should be generally arranged on the general lathe, especially the allowance that contains forging, casting hard cortex. If the CNC lathe must be used when processing, attention should be paid to the flexible arrangement of procedures.
6. Key points of fixture installation: At present, the connection between the hydraulic chuck and the hydraulic clamping cylinder is realized by the tie rod. The hydraulic chuck clamping points are as follows: Firstly, remove the nut on the hydraulic cylinder by hand, remove the pull tube, and remove the pull tube from the rear end of the main shaft. Pull out and remove the chuck by removing the chuck fixing screw.
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