UNIT ONE: COLONIAL TIMES THROUGH CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION 8. What would the expression “fear of the majority” imply to the founders of the Constitution? Fear that the majority of the people would vote to overrule the minority of the rich who may well have represented future growth and the security of the nation. Encouraged the framers of the Constitution to limit the power held by the people, especially with actions such as the indirect election of the presidency under the electoral college under the compromise of the presidency.
1. How did the British treat Americans before the French and Indian War? Salutary neglect – left them alone for mostly self-rule as long as colonists provided raw materials to Britain. VA House of Burgess and Mayflower Compact examples of self rule 2. What impact did the Enlightenment of Europe have on the American independence movement? John Locke’s and other enlightenment thinkers were read by the founders of the new government and put into place. Ideas such as the consent of the governed or the people find their way into our new government beginning with the Declaration of Independence.
9. What was the Constitutional Convention and why was compromise necessary? Produced the new constitution which gave more power to the federal government. The small states and the large states, the northern states and the southern states disagreed on many issues
3. What are the three parts to the Declaration of Independence (1776)? (1) a theory of how government should be run with a discussion of natural rights (2) list of grievances against King (3) formal declaration of independence.
10. How was a bicameral legislature an example of compromise at the Convention? Great Compromise (Bicameral legislature with House membership based on population and Senate based on equality)
4. What are natural rights under the Declaration of Independence? Enlightenment ideas such as the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are rights that we are entitled to by birth, not given to us at the mercy of some king. Appear in the Declaration and later in the Constitution.
11. What were the other major compromises at the Constitutional Convention? If population was important in determining a states representation in the House, the question of whether or not slaves were people became important. 3/5 Compromise (slaves count as 3/5 of a person in determining census), Others include the slave trade compromise (no ending slave trade for 20 years)and the commerce compromise (no export taxes)
5. Why was the Declaration of Independence written? To formalize our independence from Britain and to explain why we left. It is only a statement of ideas and NOT a form or plan of government like the Articles and the Constitution. 6. What were the Articles of Confederation? The First form of government in the US that was not successful since the confederacy gave too much power to the state government.
12. Why did the anti-federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution? Feared new government would be too powerful. 13. How did we convince the Anti Federalists to sign the Constitution? Insisted the Federalists support a bill of rights as first 10 amendments before they agreed to sign (Freedom of speech, assembly etc.) Federalists wrote the Federalist essays as an explanation of government
7. Why did Articles of Confederation fail? The loose alliance of the original 13 colonies failed during the critical years because the national government was given little authority to operate. (no power to tax, no chief executive or judicial branch, inflexible.)
SAMPLE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS UNIT ONE 1. Under mercantilism, the thirteen American colonies were expected to provide Great Britain with 1. Finished Americanmanufactured goods 2. raw materials and markets for British products 3. officials to represent colonial interests in Parliament 4. laborers to work in British factories 2. According to the Declaration of Independence, the purpose of government is to 1. equalize opportunities for al citizens. 2. provide for the common defense 3. secure the people in their natural rights. 4. Suppress the dangers of raw democracy. 3. One of the results of the end of the French and Indian war in 1763 was 1. the British were deeply in debt and needed to raise more money. 2. the removal of the French from North America led to removal of British troops from the colonies. 3. British officials gave the Americans more responsibility in running their own affairs 4. the French strengthened their control over Canada. 4. Which concept from the European enlightenment was included in the United States Constitution? 1. absolutism 2. despotism 3. limited monarchy 4. consent of the governed
5. “An equality of votes in the Senate will enable the minority to control…the majority.” James Wilson Pennsylvania delegate Constitutional Convention of 1787. Which conclusion can be drawn from this statement? 1. delegates from smaller stats should have opposed the ratification of the Constitution. 2. some delegates believed that equal representation in the Senate would give smaller states too much influence 3. some delegates believed the term of office for senators would be too long. 4. delegates from the smaller states favored a legislature in which representation was based on population. 6. One similarity between the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution is that both documents provide for 1. A national legislature to make laws. 2. federal control of commerce between the states. 3. federal power to impose and collect money. 4. the abolition of slavery 7. Among the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation was the 1. need for unanimous vote to amend the Articles 2. the failure to establish a peace treaty at the conclusion of the American Revolution 3. the abandonment of the principle of federalism 4. the inability to deal with the western land problem.
9. The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 contained a provision for 1. the direct election of senators 2. judicial review 3. regulation of commerce 4. a bicameral legislature 10. During the debates over ratification of the United States Constitution, Federalists and AntiFederalists disagreed most strongly over the 1. Division of powers between the state and national government 2. provision for admitting new states to the Union 3. Distribution of powers between the Senate and the House of Representatives 4. method of amending the Constitution. 11. The Federalist papers were a series of newspaper articles published in 1878 and 1788 to win support for the 1. right of the colonies to rebel against Great Britain. 2. right of a state to secede from the Union 3. ratification of the United States Constitution 4. construction of an interstate canal system 12. The ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791 illustrated a commitment to 1. 2.
8. Which of the following compromises made at the Constitutional Convention was later changed by a constitutional amendment? 1. the establishment of a bicameral legislature 2. the three-fifths compromise 3. the tariff compromise 4. representation in the House of Representatives.
limiting the power of state governments expanding the power of Congress protecting individual liberties safeguarding citizens against excessive taxation.
UNIT ONE VOCABULARY 1. European Enlightenment _______
a. Examples of colonial self – rule in America
2. Mayflower Compact/House of Burgesses _________
b. The 2nd attempt to write a Constitution and included many compromises between the large states, the small states, the southern states and the northern states
3. Salutary Neglect ________
c. The policy of Great Britain to leave America alone as long as America maintained a mercantilist relationship and sent raw materials to Britain and bought our finished goods.
4. Declaration of Independence ______
5. Articles of Confederation ________
6. Constitutional Convention ________
7. Great Compromise _________
d. This was added to the Constitution as the first 10 amendments to make the Anti-federalists happy and not worry about civil liberties. e. These papers were written by the Federalists in order to convince the Anti-Federalists that there was nothing to fear in the Constitution and they should sign it. f. The southern states and the northern states disagreed over how to count slaves for determining representation in Congress making this compromise necessary.
8. 3/5 Compromise _________
9. Commerce Compromise _________
10. Ratification of Constitution _______
g. The influence of John Locke’s theories creating the rights of the people in the development of our new government h. The large states disagreed with the small states over how representation in congress would be determined resulting in a bi-cameral legislature.
11. Federalist Essays _________
I. This compromise established a ban on all export taxes in the United States Constitution.
12. The Bill of Rights __________
J. Our first form of government in this country that established a weak national government and a strong state government and ultimately failed to work. K. The formal statement declaring ourselves free from British control, complaining about their King and establishing our basic philosophies of what government should be like. L. The signing of the Constitution kicked off debate, the Federalists (in favor) against the anti-federalists (against).
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
CHANGE IN ATTITUDE/FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
UNITED STATES BEGINNINGS Unit One Federalist
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
Slave Trade Compromise
Compromise of Presidency
Bill of Rights as a compromise
UNIT TWO: THE CONSTITUTION What is the Constitution? Basis for all US laws and
What is the purpose of the US census? To count
policy. Lists presidential terms and qualifications, law making powers, limited powers, amendment process, and legislative branch qualifications.
the number of people in the United States every ten years to determine how many members of the House of representatives each state gets.
Why did the framers put the six principles into the Constitution? To prevent tyranny like under the
What is the supremacy clause of the Constitution? That the national government shall be
King of England but to give more power to the national government to avoid the problems of the Articles of Confederation.
the Supreme law of the land and shall have the ultimate power over the states.
What is the conflict between the tenth amendment and the elastic clause? States rights
How does PRINCIPLE ONE popular sovereignty and PRINCIPLE TWO limited government work? Popular sovereignty = people
supporters argue leftover powers not given to the constitution nor denied to the states belong to the states. The elastic clause, however, allows the national government to pass laws they consider necessary and proper, even if they aren’t written in the Constitution.
power as stated in the preamble “we the people”. People vote for officials increased people power with 17th amendment (direct election of senators). Limited government is the denied powers of government such as no jail without telling why.
What is the role of each of the three branches in passing a law? Executive branch can suggest and enforce laws, the Legislative branch passes the law by the 2/3 approval of both houses of Congress, the judicial branch decides if it is Constitutional called judicial review.
Why were the principles of Limited Government and Popular Sovereignty relevant discussions after the terrorist attack on 9-11? The government tries to balance constitutional civil liberties with the right to keep the peace with laws such as the Patriot Act allowing increased wire tapping of phones bringing controversy to the public
What is a presidential veto? If the president decides that a law shouldn’t be signed he can either send it back within a certain time frame or put it aside and not send it back at all called a pocket veto. Nixon tried to veto the War Powers Act limiting his power to fight the war in Vietnam but Congress got the necessary ¾ majority to override the veto.
What is PRINCIPLE THREE federalism? Splitting the powers between the state and national governments. Some powers delegated to national government (declare war) others reserved for states through 10th amendment (drivers licenses) others shared by both called concurrent (tax). But national government shall be supreme law of the land such as Eisenhower sending troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce desegregation
How is the Constitution PRINCIPLE SIX Flexible? The Constitution, unlike the Articles of
What are the implied powers of government?
Confederation, can change though judicial review (Plessy vs. Ferguson to Brown vs. Board of Education), elastic clause (Pure Food and Drug Act) and a formal amendment process (woman’s right to vote) to allow for changing times.
Constitution has the power to do anything “necessary and proper” to run government with what we call he Elastic Clause. Loophole powers like the child labor laws
How is the president elected in the United States? An indirect method allows each state to receive a
What are PRINCIPLE FOUR separation of powers and PRINCIPLE FIVE checks and balances? Government is organized into three parts
certain number of electoral votes equal to the amount of members of the House for that state plus the two senators. The states with the most population therefore receive the most votes. The popular or people vote determine which candidate gets all of the electoral votes of that state.
Legislative (Congress), executive (president), Judicial (Supreme Court). Congress is further divided into the house of Representatives and the Senate. Each branch is given the power to make sure the others aren’t taking too much control. EX: The Congress did not allow FDR to pack the Supreme Court with his friends and Congress refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles
What happened in the 2000 election that caused such controversy? Both candidates need the 25 electoral votes in Florida to win the 270 electoral votes necessary to win the election, but Florida was accused of messing up the returns.
UNIT TWO MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The authors of the United States Constitution believed that the voice of the people should be heard frequently. Which part of the government was instituted to respond most directly to the will of the people under the original constitution? 1. Senate 2. House of representatives 3. Supreme Court 4. Presidency 2. Which statement best expressed the meaning of he opening words of the United States Constitution “we the People,” 1. sovereignty is derived from the consent of the governed. 2. all citizens are guaranteed freedom of speech 3. Federal laws are subject to popular referendum 4. Americans favor unlimited immigration 3. The United States Constitution requires that a census be taken every ten years to reapportion 1. membership in the House of Representatives 2. the number of delegates to national nominating conventions 3. federal aid to localities 4. agricultural subsidies 4. Which quotation taken from the Constitution provided for limiting the power of government? 1.
“all persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States “this constitution ...shall be the supreme law of the land.” “the president shall be the commander in chief of the army and navy. “congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion…or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press.”
5. The United States government is considered a federal government because 1. the people elect national officials. 2. both national and state governments exist within the nation. 3. foreign policy is handled by state governments 4. each state has equal representation in the United States Senate 6. The United States Constitution grants certain powers only to the Federal Government. For example, only Congress can declare war. These powers are called. 1. police powers 2. delegated powers 3. reserved powers 4. concurrent powers 7. The system of checks and balances is best illustrated by the power of 1. the president to veto a bill passed by Congress. 2. Congress to censure one of its members 3. A governor to send the National Guard to stop a riot 4. State and Federal governments to levy and collect taxes. 8. What is the primary role of lobbyists in the political process? 1. to draft bills for legislators 2. to present the views of special interest groups on proposed legislations 3. to locate citizens willing to run for public office 4. to provide legislators with unbiased information on important issues.
9. The elastic clause, the amending process and judicial review are all methods by which 1. Congress may check the power of the Executive branch of government
the wording of the original Constitution may be altered.
State governments may limit the power of the Federal government
the Constitution may be adapted to meet changing conditions.
10. Which action was necessary to change from the indirect to the direct election of Untied States senators? 1. Ratification of a Constitutional amendment
2. 3. 4.
Passage of a federal law. A Supreme Court decision. a national referendum
11. The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review is a result of 1. an order by the President
the Court’s own interpretation of the Constitution.
a provision in the bill of rights the Courts decision to hear appeals regarding taxation
12. Which action would most like result in the greatest increase in the power of the executive branch? 1.
abolishing the electoral college
borrowing money from the World Bank
broadening he President’s wartime authority
Lowering he age at which a person can be elected.
UNIT TWO CONSTITUTION VOCABULARY 1. Popular Sovereignty ______ a. This includes things government can’t do such as grant titles of nobility
2. Limited government _______
3. Separation of Powers ______
b. To avoid tyranny, the national government was split into three branches, legislative (passes laws), executive (signs laws and judicial (interprets laws)
4. Federalism _________
c. This organization represents the people who actually vote for the President through our current indirect methods of electing our chief executive
5. Checks and Balances ______
d. The Constitution was written to give people the ultimate power in government through actions such as voting.
6. Flexibility ___________
e. The Elastic Clause, the Amendment process and judicial review allow the Constitution the ability to change over the years earning the title, living document
7. Judicial Review _________
f. This gives the national government the power to pass laws that are necessary and proper.
8. Amendments __________
g. The powers of the government are split between the state level and the national level to avoid a tyrant and to avoid the weaknesses of he Articles
9. Elastic Clause ________
h. These are powers that belong to both the state and the national government such as the power to tax.
10. Delegated powers _______
I. These powers are called the “leftover” powers of government. They aren’t delegated nor denied so they belong to the states as per the 10th amendment.
11. Reserved Powers ________
J. Each of the three branches of the national government is give the power to make sure the other two aren’t taking too much power.
12. Concurrent Powers ______
K. This unwritten power belongs to the Supreme Court allows them to look at a law of Congress and decided whether or not is it constitutional.
13. Electoral college ________
L. This person tries to convince Congress to vote for the items that are important to them.
14. Lobbyist ___________
M. This formal change to the constitution can be made through the efforts of both the Congress and the States. Includes giving women the right to vote. N. These powers are printed into the Constitution to the national government such as the power to declare war.
UNIT TWO: MIND MAP
The 6 Principles of the Constitution Unit 2 Popular Sovereignty
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
UNIT THREE: EARLY REPUBLIC How did George Washington establish American foreign policy for over 100 years? In his proclamation of neutrality, he warned the United States to stay clear of political alliances with overseas countries. We did not join a political agreement until the end of world war II with NATO
What is the difference between a strict constructionist and a loose constructionist? Strict believed the power of the government is as written and “leftover” powers belonged the state as in 10th amendment, loose constructionist believed in the power of government to use elastic clause What is the difference between the first two political parties? Democrat-Republicans under Jefferson were strict constructionists, more likely to be farmers and supporters of French. Hamilton and Federalists more likely to be richer, manufacturers and supporters of British
What is the “unwritten constitution”? The part of the Constitution that is not written, but just happened over time. Examples: political parties, judicial review, presidential cabinet, lobbyists What is the significance of Marbury vs. Madison (1803)? Supreme Court established power to look at a law of Congress and declare whether or not it is against the Constitution (judicial review) by ruling the Judiciary Act unconstitutional.
How did Louisiana Purchase change the US? Doubled size of US, and gave us control over the Mississippi River and the Port of New Orleans. It also began the idea of manifest destiny and led to question over slavery in new states.
What was the cause and effect of Hamilton’s financial plan? Government tax on whiskey led to Whiskey Rebellion (Washington successfully put down), creation of National Bank and assumption of state debts by national government.
How was Jefferson forced to change his mind about the interpretation of the Constitution? Because the constitution didn’t give the president the power to buy land, strict constructionist Jefferson forced to take loose constructionist stand because there wasn’t enough time to pass an amendment to the Constitution giving him the power.
What was the significance of the McCulloch vs. Maryland decision? The state of Maryland argued that the national government did not have the right to use the elastic clause to create a bank. The Court ruled that they did have that right and also established the national government as the supreme law of the land. Strengthened the power of the national government.
What was the major effect of the early presidential and judicial administrations in the US? Presidents Washington through Jefferson and supreme Court chief Justice Marshall all made decisions which strengthened the power of the national government.
Who was John Marshall? Judicially active Supreme Court Chief Justice who presided over both the Marbury and the McCulloch cases. Each strengthened the power of the national government.
What was the Monroe Doctrine? The US foreign policy idea telling the stronger European nations to stay out of additional colonization in the Western hemisphere. Enforced with help from the British until we become strong enough ourselves.
UNIT THREE: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Political parties were formed early during the country’s history and were one of the earliest examples of 1. the “necessary and proper” clause 2. the unwritten constitution 3. the use of he elastic clause 4. separation of powers 2. The argument over the creation of the Bank of the United States concerned 1. Its effect on the funds kept in the state banks 2. whether or not the country needed a central banking institution 3. whether or not the Constitution provided for congressional authority to create a bank. 3. Hamilton’s arguments in support of a national bank included all of the following except 1. the bank was among the listed or enumerated, powers of Congress 2. the bank would provide a table currency for the nation 3. in the use of the necessary and proper clause, the ends justified the means 4. a national bank would benefit the commercial interests of the nation 4. Alexander Hamilton’s argument that the government has the power to create a National Bank is based on which part of the Constitution? 1. the preamble 2. the elastic clause 3. guarantees to the states 4. the bill of rights 5. In he early 1800’s, a series of Supreme Court decision made under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall led to 1. a weakening of the power of the corporations 2. a strengthening of the power of the federal government 3. the abolition of slavery 4. guarantees of free public education for minorities
6. What is the meaning of the following quote: “The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible” George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796 1. placing tariffs on imported goods 2. forming military alliances with other nations 3. avoiding trade agreements with foreign nations 4. maintaining a foreign policy based on neutrality.
7. Territorial expansion during the first half of the 19th century contributed to 1. balancing the federal budget 2. escalating the debate over slavery 3. weakening other traditional policy of isolationism 4. improving the living conditions of Native Americans 8. McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) is considered a precedent because 1. It is the first time the Supreme Court ruled the elastic clause is ok to use 2. the President and the Supreme Court ruled that slavery is illegal. 3. An amendment was passed for the first time 4. the two term tradition was put into the Constitution. 9. The actions and policies of the government under president George Washington generally resulted in the 1. establishment of strong political ties with other nations 2. liberation of many enslaved persons 3. failure to create a sound financial program for the country. 4. strengthening of the federal government
10. The decision of the United States Supreme Court in Marbury vs. Madison (1803) established the power of the 1. House of representatives to impeach the president 2. Congress to override a presidential veto 3. President to veto congressional legislation 4. Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws. 11. In deciding to purchase the Louisiana territory, President Thomas Jefferson had to overcome the problem of 1. obtaining the support of western settlers 2. passing the constitutional amendment necessary to authorize the purchase 3. avoiding a possible war with England over the purchase 4. contradicting his belief in the strict interpretation of the Constitution. 12. The Monroe Doctrine declared that the United States 1. would prevent the establishment of new European colonies anywhere I the world 2. help colonies in North and south America adopts democratic form of government 3. view European interference in the Americas as a threat to the national interest of the US 4. Prevent other nations from trading with south American nations.
UNIT THREE: VOCABULARY
1. Unwritten Constitution ______ 2. Washington’s proclamation of Neutrality________
a. The 1st Secretary of the Treasury’s idea to organize the new nations finances by creating a national bank and assume state debts on behalf of the national government B. Believers in this interpretation of the Constitution felt that the elastic clause was inappropriate and should not be used.
3. Two Term Tradition _______
c. Believers in this interpretation of the Constitution felt that the elastic clause was appropriate and should b used by the national government
4. Hamilton’s financial plan ______
D. Started by George Washington, this unwritten policy began a precedent that presidents should only run for office two terms and was finally made part of the formal constitution in the early 1950’s.
5. The National Bank ______
6. Whiskey rebellion ________
7. Democrat-Republican_______ 8. Federalist _______
9. Strict constructionist _______
10. Loose Constructionist ______
11. Judicially Active ________
12. Louisiana Purchase ________
E. The part of the Constitution that developed over time and was not thought of when the original was written. F. President Andrew Jackson refused to follow a Supreme Court order by forcing the removal of the Cherokee Indians despite the warning it was unconstitutional. g This word would describe Johns Marshall and his Supreme Court who made many decisions that influences our lives including McCulloch vs. Maryland and Marbury vs. Madison. h. The creation of this organization angered the state of Maryland and led to the Supreme court Case, McCulloch vs. Maryland I. This political party was led by Thomas Jefferson and believed strongly in the rights of the states. J. This statement by the very young United States was a warning to Europe that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further colonization. k. The 1st President’s opinion that the US was too weak to get involved in foreign affairs overseas and should stay out of it. L. This political party was led by Alexander Hamilton and believed strongly in the strength of the national government.
13. The Monroe Doctrine ________
M. Thomas Jefferson had to break his belief in the interpretation of the Constitution to buy this land and expand our interest westward.
14. The Trail of Tears _______
N. The excise tax put alcoholic beverages made the people of Pennsylvania angry, but they failed at the rebellion due to President Washington’s efforts.
McCulloch Vs. Maryland
THE EARLY REPUBLIC Unit 3 MARBURY VS MADISON FEDERALISTS
UNIT FOUR: CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) How did sectionalism lead to Civil War? North (more manufacturing and more anti-slavery) vs. South (more agricultural and more slave supporters) vs. West (new territories where slave question needed to be answered. How did failure to compromise lead to Civil War? Missouri Compromise established north/south slave line in new western territories but Compromise of 1850 allowed California to be total free state with support of fugitive slave law. Kansas-Nebraska Act allowed popular sovereignty vote on slavery in Kansas/Nebraska What was significance of Dred Scott vs. Sandford (1857), Supreme Court ruled national government had no power to rule a “slave line”. Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and slavery open to vote in all states. Scott was property and couldn’t sue. What was an abolitionist? Trying to abolish slavery like Harriet Tubman and Underground Railroad, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Lincoln only willing to keep slavery from spreading to west, maintaining union more important What was the emancipation proclamation? Only freed slaves in areas of rebellion. Slaves in border states still loyal to US not freed.
How did Lincoln expand the powers of the Constitution? Lincoln expansion of powers included martial law in border states and the emancipation proclamation. He proved you could limit civil liberties in wartime. He also spent money on the war effort without congressional approval despite the Constitution. What was reconstruction? The time in American history when the south was brought back to the union after the Civil War. What happened during Reconstruction? , Radical Republicans took over following impeachment of Johnson for violating Tenure of Office Act. Hard on South, 13th, 14th and 15th amendments passed. What were the 13th 14th and 15th amendments? The amendments to the Constitution passed after the Civil War including the abolition of slavery, equal rights and the right to vote for African Americans. How did South manage to segregate the races despite the passage of the 14th amendment? “due process” was lost in Jim Crow Laws that allowed segregation, Literacy Tests, grandfather clauses, and Poll taxes kept blacks from voting and KKK intimidation against the former slaves What was the significance of Plessy vs. Ferguson? Supreme Court ruled that Plessy was not allowed on the white train car, established “separate but equal” facilities as constitutional
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS CIVIL WAR 1. The institution of slavery was formally abolished in the United States by the (1) Compromise of 1850 (2) Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 (3) creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau in 1865 (4) ratification of the 13th amendment in 1865
7. As the Civil War began, President Abraham Lincoln stated that his primary goal was to (1) end slavery (2) set new national boundaries (3) increase congressional powers (4) preserve the Union
2. In an outline, which main topic would include the other three? (1) Erie Canal (2) 19th-Century Internal Improvements (3) Transcontinental Railroad (4) National Road
8. The Civil War affected the northern economy by (1) causing a severe depression (2) increasing unemployment rates (3) decreasing demand for agricultural products (4) stimulating industrialization
3. Which leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s to improve economic opportunities for African Americans? (1) George Washington Carver (2) Frederick Douglass (3) W. E. B. Du Bois (4) Booker T. Washington 4. Both the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise of 1850 settled conflicts between the North and the South over (1) admission of states to the Union (2) Supreme Court decisions (3) presidential election results (4) voting rights 5. What was a major result of the Civil War? (1) States now had the right to secede from the Union. (2) Congress passed an amendment to provide for the direct election of senators. (3) The power of the central government was strengthened. (4) The judiciary became the dominant branch of the federal government. 6. During the first half of the 19th century, territorial expansion led to (1) increased tensions over slavery (2) improved relations with bordering nations (3) fewer conflicts with Native American Indians (4) decreased domestic demand for manufactured goods
9.In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled that (1) states may not secede from the Union (2) racial segregation was constitutional (3) slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners (4) all western territories should be open to slavery 10. The Homestead Act of 1862 helped the development of the West by (1) providing free land to settlers (2) granting land for construction of transcontinental railroads (3) allowing slavery to spread to the territories (4) placing Native American Indians on reservations 11. In the late 19th century, the federal government aided the growth of transcontinental railroads by (1) legalizing rate rebates for large shippers (2) providing free land for laying railroad tracks (3) requiring standard-gauge tracks on all interstate lines (4) forcing small lines to consolidate into large systems
12. The Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 proclaimed that (1) the abolition of slavery was necessary (2) all men and women are created equal (3) California should be admitted as a free state (4) the sale of alcoholic beverages should be illegal 13. One way that ―Bleeding Kansas,‖ the Dred Scott decision, and John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry had a similar effect on the United States was that these events (1) ended conflict over slavery in the territories (2) eased tensions between the North and the South (3) contributed to the formation of the Whig Party (4) made sectional compromise more difficult 14. The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 was primarily an attempt by the United States government to (1) limit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (2) return eastern land to Native American Indian tribes (3) encourage Native American Indians to give up their traditional cultures (4) hire Native American Indians as military scouts 15. Following the Civil War, many Southern states enacted Black Codes to (1) provide free farmland for African Americans (2) guarantee equal civil rights for African Americans (3) restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons (4) support the creation of the Freedmen’s Bureau
UNIT FOUR VOCABULARY 1. Sectionalism _________
A. This describes efforts of these who fought hard to end slavery in American and included people such as Harriet Beecher Stowe and Harriet Tubman.
2. Abolitionism ________
B. This term describes the actions of President Lincoln in keeping control of the Border States during wartime by establishing curfews and limiting civil liberties.
3. Underground Railroad _______
c. In 1820, the US Congress decided to establish a ―line‖ between the North and the South allowing slavery north of Missouri
4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin _________
d. These states were southern, slaveholding states that stayed with the Union forces during the Civil War and require ―special‖ treatment by the Union. E. This became a way for people like Harriet Tubman to help slaves escape to freedom in the North.
5. Missouri Compromise _______
6. Compromise of 1850 ________
7. Kansas Nebraska Act _________
F. This represents the group of politicians who took over the Reconstruction efforts after the impeachment of Andrew Johnson left him in office, but powerless. G. This effort involved the Union efforts to put the North and South together after the war and led to the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson. h. This book was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe as a novel describing how bad conditions were in a southern plantation and angered many people.
8. Secession _______
I. According to the Missouri Compromise, these states should have been free, but Congress angered many by allowing them to vote on the slavery issue. The conflict turned violent.
9. Martial Law _________
j. The South followed this policy of separation of races after the end of the Civil War until the Civil Rights successes of the 1960’s.
10. Border States _______
K. This division of the United States into the North, South and West led to the outbreak of the Civil War.
11. Emancipation proclamation __________
12. Reconstruction ________
L. These organizations were designed to intimidate African Americans and keep them from getting the rights they were entitled to under the Civil War amendments. M. With this action, president Lincoln used his powers as commander in chief of the army and the navy to declare the slaves free in the areas of rebellion against the United States.
N. This term describes the actions by the south when they chose to leave the 13. Radical republicans _______ Union.
14. Segregation ___________
O. When California wanted to join the Union before the Civil War, Congress allowed them to join as a free state but northerners were forced to enforce the Fugitive Slave law.
15. Ku Klux Klan/Jim Crow Laws/Literacy Tests _________
CAUSES FAILURE TO REACH COMPROMMISE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820
KANSAS NEBRASKA ACT 1854
DRED SCOTT vs. SANFORD, 1857
EFFECT LINCOLNS EXPANSION OF POWER a. martial law/border states
Unit 4 Civil War and Reconstruction
EFFECT SEGREGATED SOUTH Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896
b. emancipation proclamation, 1863
EFFECT RECONSTRUCTION Lincoln
Black codes and Jim Crow Radical Republican
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
RESTRICTION OF CIVIL LIBERTIES (literacy test, poll tax, grandfather clause)
FIVE: INDUSTRIALIZATION Why did American Industrialization “kick off” after 1865? developing railroads, end of political conflict of slavery after Civil War, immigrants provided cheap labor
How did labor unions manage during industrialization? Met with violence such as Homestead Steel Strike, Pullman Strike and no government support. Often against cheap immigrant labor, American Federation of Labor and Knights of Labor.
How did big entrepreneurs take over during the industrial time period? Limited competition through monopolies (one big company), trusts (smaller companies with one board of directors), They also formed larger companies with integrated production.
What was life like for most workers? Poor wages, unsafe conditions, long hours, life in tenements with no plumbing and overcrowded. Who were “new” immigrants? After Civil War mostly from Eastern Europe, Poland, Russia and Italy sometimes Jewish. Asians faces the worst prejudice
Who were some of the major industrialist of the time? Rockefeller (oil), Carnegie (steel), Vanderbilt (railroads) JP Morgan (financing) Were industrialization entrepreneurs considered robber barons or philanthropists? depending on whom you ask! robber barons took advantage of poor, paid low wages and poor conditions but many gave away millions to charity including Andrew Carnegie
How did the new immigrants help fuel the fires of industrialization? Due to the millions of immigrants who came to the US, provided cheap labor for the factories.
What was a nativist attitude? The old What was the gospel of wealth? Written by immigrants who came before the Civil War and Andrew Carnegie, he said it was the responsibility had been in the US for several generations of the philanthropist to give money away. believed that only the native born Americans were worthwhile citizens. What role did government play during industrialization? Mostly laissez faire, hands How were new immigrants different than old off, stay out attitude. Attempts such as Sherman immigrants? Not Anglo-Saxon protestant like old Anti-trust Act (outlawed monopolies) and immigrants. Interstate Commerce Commission (weak authority to regulate railroad rates) What side did most of the Supreme Court decisions take in the 18th century? Munn vs. Illinois supported the workers against high grain elevator prices but other cases like EC Knight ruled against the laws that would have ended monopolies. In RE Debs the court actually ruled that labor unions were a violation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.
UNIT FIVE MULTIPLE CHOICE INDUSTRIALIZATION 1. In the last half of the 1800s, which development led to the other three? (1) expansion of the middle class (2) growth of industrialization (3) formation of trusts (4) creation of labor unions 2. The ―new immigrants‖ to the United States between 1890 and 1915 came primarily from (1) southern and eastern Europe (2) northern and western Europe (3) East Asia (4) Latin America 3. Both the Interstate Commerce Act and the Sherman Antitrust Act were (1) inspired by the effectiveness of earlier state laws (2) designed to protect business from foreign competition (3) declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in the late 1800s (4) passed by the federal government to regulate big business 4. Why did the United States follow a policy of open immigration during much of the 1800s? (1) Many United States citizens wanted to live abroad. (2) The United States had a shortage of labor. (3) Prosperous conditions in Europe resulted in fewer immigrants coming to the United States. (4) Immigrants provided United States industry with investment capital. 5. In the late 1800s, the theory of laissez-faire capitalism was used by many industrialists to (1) petition the government for assistance during times of financial crisis (2) oppose colonial expansion in Africa and Asia (3) argue against government regulation of business practices (4) defend limits on the number of immigrants allowed to work in factories
6. During the 19th century, New York was one of the most powerful states in the nation because it (1) became the financial and industrial center of the nation (2) led the nation in achieving political reforms (3) produced more presidents than any other state (4) offered more civil liberties than any other state 7. During the late 19th century, which practices were used by employers against workers? (1) boycotts and lockouts (2) picketing and walkouts (3) blacklists and yellow-dog contracts (4) mass rallies and sit-down strikes 8. The term robber baron was used to criticize the (1) tactics of big-business leaders (2) corruption of government officials (3) dishonesty of carpetbaggers (4) unskilled labor of illegal immigrants 9. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, where did most of the immigrants to the United States settle? (1) urban centers of the Northeast (2) plantations of the New South (3) mining areas of the Far West (4) farming regions of the Great Plains 10. The Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were passed in an effort to (1) promote the formation of new trusts (2) maintain competition in business (3) increase business investment (4) limit the activities of foreign corporations 11. During the late 1800s, business leaders formed trusts mainly to (1) reduce prices (2) eliminate competition (3) improve worker productivity (4) establish overseas factories 12. In the late 1800s, supporters of laissez-faire capitalism claimed that government regulation of business would be (1) essential to protect the rights of consumers (2) necessary to provide jobs for the unemployed (3) useful in competing with foreign nations (4) harmful to economic growth
13. What major trend related to population occurred during the industrialization boom of the late 1800s? (1) Immigration decreased. (2) Suburbanization decreased. (3) Urbanization increased. (4) Migration to rural areas increased. 14. In a United States history textbook, the terms bread and butter unionism, Gospel of Wealth, and mechanization would most likely be found in a chapter entitled (1) Reconstruction (1865–1877) (2) Industrialization (1870–1900) (3) Imperialism (1898–1905) (4) The Roaring Twenties (1920–1929) 15. Which region of the United States was most directly affected by the passage of the Homestead Act? (1) Atlantic Coast (2) Rocky Mountains (3) Appalachian Mountains (4) Great Plains 16. In the mid-1800s, the growth of the populations of California and the western territories was mainly a result of the (1) discovery of gold and silver (2) opening of the Panama Canal (3) migration of freedmen after the Civil War (4) secession of the Southern states 17. Mark Twain labeled the late 1800s in the United States the ―Gilded Age‖ to describe the (1) end of the practice of slavery (2) absence of international conflicts (3) extremes of wealth and poverty (4) achievements of the labor movement 18. During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that (1) government supported business over labor (2) industrialization created better working conditions (3) there was a shortage of new workers (4) businesses promoted labor officials to management positions
UNIT FIVE VOCABULARY 1. Laissez-Faire Capitalism ______
Robber Barons attempts to control business through establishing monopolies and creating trusts and holding companies create this issue
2. Limiting Competition _______
This phrase was taken from the theory of evolution and used to justify why a robber baron should qualify as survival of the fittest and be the richest man he could be.
3. Urbanization _______
These organizations were examples of early labor unions in US history
This term describes government lack of action to control business during the industrialization years. It was introduced by an 18th century economist
When the rich give away large amounts of money to charity and good works they are said to be doing this
This term is used to describe when immigrant group’s culture can be absorbed into society
6. Gilded Age _______
By the 1920’s, Congress began to establish laws like this one in order to limit the number of immigrants allowed to come to the US
7. Philanthropy _______
These men were considered ruthless industrial leaders who often took advantage of the poor, working class during industrialization.
The act of workers coming together to represent one common voice when dealing with management is said to be this.
This law is a good example of how government tried to control industrialization by establishing regulations in the railroad industry, but Congress initially failed to give away enough power to do the job.
A reaction by citizens who think their way of life is the best and all others are inferior
This took place when more and more people moved to the cities in order to work in the expanding factories, giving more cheap labor to the robber barons and putting more stresses on the living standards.
4. Robber Barons _______ 5. Social Darwinism _______
8. Interstate Commerce Act ______ 9. Collective Bargaining _________ 10. Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor _______ 11. Homestead Steel Strike _______ 12. Tenements _______ 13. New immigrants ________
m. This was the last major battle between white and the Native Americans in the West n.
This term was used by Mark Twain to describe the industrial age as looking great on the outside but nasty on inside.
Immigrants who came to this country from ―new places‖ and worked for cheap wages of industrialization are said to be this.
This event was caused by striking workers at a steel strike and like he Pullman Strike and the Haymarket Riot, led to violence.
This term describes slum-like homes that many new immigrants lived in when arriving in American.
14. Assimilation _________ 15. Nativism ________ 16. Emergency Quota Act _______ 17. Battle of Wounded Knee ______
INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS
What is it and why now?
GOVERNMENT ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL BUSINESS Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Interstate Commerce Commission
ROBBER BARONS OR PHILANTHROPIST?
INDUSTRIALIZATION Unit 5
GILDED AGE OR CRUMMY LIFE?
IMMIGRATION PATTERNS COLONIAL
NATIONAL AND LOCAL CORRUPTION OLD
UNIT SIX: PROGRESSIVE REFORM – DOMESTIC Who were the Populists? Farmers in hard economic times searching for reform looked to government to fix. William Jennings Bryan tried silver standard but not successful.
What were the trust-busters? President T. Roosevelt and W.H. Taft attempting to break up monopolies and increase competition including Standard Oil and Swift Meat Packing
Why are the populists so important? Influenced the progressives, major political party but never president, first major movement to seek changes to the unfairness of industrialization
What laws were passed to change people’s lives during the progressive years? Presidents T. Roosevelt, W H Taft and Woodrow Wilson helped with the Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act, Clayton Anti-Trust act (gives government more power to break up monopolies)
What was the Cross of Gold Speech? William Jennings Bryan asking the people to support increasing the money supply by adopting a silver standard.
What was the Federal Reserve Act designed to do? Give the government control over the money supply so they could expand it or reduce it as the economic conditions needed.
How did Populists differ from Progressives? Populists mostly farmers but influenced reform movement. Progressives more middle class able to make big changes. Who were the muckrakers and how did they change life? Trying to expose problems using photos (Jacob Riss), books (Upton Sinclair, The Jungle), news articles (Ida Tarbell The History of Standard Oil),cartoonist (Thomas Nast exposing political corruption) What was the impact of Ida Tarbell’s history of Standard Oil? The government forced John D. Rockefeller to break his company up and sell it off in the case US vs. Standard Oil. How did social reformers try to make a difference? Jane Addams - Hull House to provide help, education for immigrants, day care and socializing places for poor. Who were WEB Dubois and Booker T. Washington? African American civil rights workers in the early to mid 1900’s. How were Dubois and Washington different? Dubois (NAACP) more aggressive for equal rights for blacks. Washington (Atlanta Compromise) wanted better rights
What amendments were passed to the Constitution during the progressive years? 17th Amd. (direct election of senators), 16th Amd. (progressive income tax), Federal Reserve Act (national bank to control money, What was the Declaration of Sentiments? A document written by women including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott demanding equal rights in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY Who were some of the major reformers for woman’s right after the Declaration of Sentiments? Susan B. Anthony getting arrested in Rochester for trying to vote, Alice Paul organizing hunger strikes in jail. How did women get the right to vote? For years some states had given women the vote, especially in the west, but a formal change to the Constitution demanding that states give women the vote didn’t happen until 1920. 19th amendment finally passed in 1920 giving woman national suffrage (right to vote)
UNIT SIX PROGRESSIVE REFORM 1. Populism ________
A. This law, along with the Pure Food and Drug Act, was passed in response to Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle.
2. Cross of Gold Speech _______
B. This amendment was passed to allow women the right to vote
3. Muckrakers ________
C. This amendment was passed to allow for the direct election of senators by the people instead of the state legislatures D. This amendment was passed to allwo the government to pass a tax on income.
4. Hull House _______
5. Meat Inspection Act _______
6. NAACP ______
E. This organization was created by WEB Dubois to help African Americans gain equal rights in the early 1900’s. It is still in existence today. F. This group of people worked hard through cartoons, writings and photos to expose the problems of industrialization so change could be made.
7. City managers _______
G. This organization was created by Jane Addams to help the poor of urban Chicago
8. Secret Ballots ______
H. This law gave the ICC the power to establish more control over the railroad
9. Anthracite Coal Strike _______
I. This speech was made by William Jennings Bryan, the Populist candidate for President, to ask for a silver standard so that more money would be available to help the struggling economy.
10. 16th Amendment ________
J. This labor strike did not end in violence but rather marked the effort by the President of the United States to help the side of the workers
11. 17th Amendment _______
K. This position in city government was created to replace mayors to avoid a single tyrant capable of having a corrupt government
12. 19 Amendment _______
L. This law was passed to allow the government the ability to strenghten an old law allowing the government to increase competition by limiting the power of trusts.
13. Federal Reserve ________
M. This was created to help avoid election fraud.
14. Clayton Anti trust Act ________
N. This organiztion was created to control the nation’s money supply so they could adjust interest rates to regulate economic conditions such as inflation and recession.
15. Mann Elkins Act _______
O. This group of people represented farmers who were tyring to create changes and reforms in government.
WHAT IS PROGRESSIVE REFORM?
William Jennings Bryan/Cross of Gold Speech
African American Rights
PROGRESSIVE REFORM YEARS: DOMESTIC POLICY Unit 6
AMENDMENTS AND LAWS Muckrakers
THREE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS Roosevelt (1901-08)
UNIT SIX: MULTIPLE CHOICE PROGRESSIVE DOMESTIC POLICY 1. In the late 1800s, the Granger movement tried to improve conditions for farmers by (1) lowering the rate of inflation (2) strengthening the gold standard (3) forcing railroads to lower their rates (4) making labor unions stronger 2. The success of the Populist Party of the 1890s can best be measured by which development? (1) The party replaced one of the two major parties. (2) The party gained support among business leaders. (3) Two of the party’s candidates were elected to the presidency. (4) Several of the party’s proposed reforms were made into laws. 3. Which reform idea was a common goal of the Populists and the Progressives? (1) restoration of the nation’s cities (2) expansion of opportunities for immigrants (3) improvement in the status of African Americans (4) greater control of government by the people 4. During the Progressive Era, muckrakers published articles and novels primarily to (1) advance their own political careers (2) make Americans aware of problems in society (3) help the federal government become more efficient (4) provide entertainment for readers 5. During the late 19th century, Samuel Gompers, Terence Powderly, and Eugene Debs were leaders in the movement to (1) stop racial segregation of Native American Indians (2) limit illegal immigration (3) gain fair treatment of Native American Indians (4) improve working conditions
6. One idea that both Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. DuBois supported is that (1) African Americans should have increased civil rights (2) vocational training was the best approach to education (3) immigration was responsible for racial segregation (4) Jim Crow laws were needed to help African Americans 7. Jane Addams and Jacob Riis were most notable for their efforts to (1) treat the wounded in World War I (2) stop the spread of diseases in Latin America (3) legalize birth control for women (4) aid the urban poor 8. Passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act illustrated the federal government’s commitment to (1) environmental conservation (2) workers’ rights (3) business competition (4) consumer protection 9. Which statement best summarizes President Theodore Roosevelt’s views about conservation? (1) Environmental issues are best decided by the private sector. (2) Unlimited access to natural resources is the key to business growth. (3) Wilderness areas and their resources should be protected for the public good. (4) Decisions about the use of natural resources should be left to the states. 10. Which leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s to improve economic opportunities for African Americans? (1) George Washington Carver (2) Frederick Douglass (3) W. E. B. Du Bois (4) Booker T. Washington
11. Which event of the 1920s symbolized a conflict over cultural values? (1) election of Herbert Hoover (2) transatlantic flight of Charles Lindbergh (3) Scopes trial (4) stock market crash 12. Supporters of a graduated national income tax argued that it was the fairest type of tax because the (1) rate of taxation was the same for all persons (2) rate of taxation increased as incomes rose (3) income tax provided the most revenue for the government (4) income tax replaced state and local government taxes 13. During the Progressive Era, Jane Addams responded to urban conditions by working to establish (1) settlement houses that provided assistance to the poor (2) newspapers that helped to inform Americans about slum conditions (3) laws that restricted certain immigrant groups (4) free public schools located in inner-city neighborhoods 14. During World War I, many American women helped gain support for the suffrage movement by (1) protesting against the war (2) joining the military service (3) lobbying for child-care facilities (4) working in wartime industries 15. Reformers of the Progressive Era sought to reduce corruption in government by adopting a constitutional amendment that provided for (1) a maximum of two terms for presidents (2) term limits on members of Congress (3) voting rights for African Americans (4) direct election of United States senators
UNIT SEVEN: PROGRESSIVE REFORM: FOREIGN POLICY Why did Americans fight in the Spanish American War and what was the effect? Cubans trying to gain independence from Spain, US ship blown up in Havana, Cuba, yellow journalism convinced Americans Spain was bad. US promised not to take over Cuba with Teller amendment to declaration of war. What did the US gain after Spanish American War? territory of the Philippines (after a war to take them), Puerto Rico and Guam. Control over Cuban affairs with Platt Amendment to their Constitution Why did the US support an Open Door Policy? China was rapidly being divided into spheres of influence by the European countries and the US wanted to “Open” it up so ALL nations could take advantage of China’s resources. What is the imperialist/anti-imperialist debate? Some wanted US to expand in world and spread superior culture and religion. Others thought expansion of non-whites impossible and violation of democratic ideas How did the US get involved in Latin America? Troops in Cuba, involvement in Venezuela, chasing bandit Pancho Villa in Mexico, helping Panama Revolution to buy land and build Panama Canal. What kind of a leader were the three progressive presidents in foreign affairs? Teddy Roosevelt was known for being aggressive by building up the US military and using it (Speak softly and carry a big stick), Taft also used US influence but tried to rely more on money (dollar diplomacy), Wilson involved himself in foreign affairs but said he was using a moral diplomatic reasoning and only going after the bad guys like Pancho Villa in Mexico. Wilson also declared war in WWI. How is the Roosevelt Corollary (addition) different than the original Monroe Doctrine? Monroe Doctrine warned Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere, Roosevelt warned Western Hemisphere that we would act as international policeman.
Why did the US get involved in World War I? Cultural ties to British, lent allies money, tied economically, policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking of British passenger ship Lusitania, discovery of plot by Germans to bring Mexico to war against US. What were the Fourteen Points? President Wilson’s suggestion for a lasting, kind peace including freedom of the seas and the League of Nations to prevent future conflict. The final treaty of Versailles only kept the League of Nations and punished the losers harshly with reparations payments and loss of land. Why did the Senate refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles? Politics (no republican senators invited to conference) Concerned over US involvement in League of Nations. Wilson supported Treaty due to League, the only one of his 14 Points accepted by Europe. What Constitutional principle is evident when the Senate refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles? Checks and balances because the Senate (legislative branch) was unhappy with the action of the president (executive branch) What were the effects of the US failure to support Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations? League was weak and ineffective and unable to stop Hitler and Italian aggression that led to WWII. European economy also struggled and this eventually led to the Depression of the 1930’s What was American reaction during the war? Patriotism, limiting civil liberties if spoke against the war like Supreme Court Case, Schenck vs US What happened in Schenck vs. the United States? Schenck was jailed for encouraging draft resistance, violation of Sedition Act The Supreme Court ruled him a “clear and present danger” and proved the government could limit civil liberties in wartime.
MULTIPLE CHOICE PROGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY
1. Why was there increased interest in building a canal across Central America in the late 1800s? (1) The United States had acquired colonies in the Pacific region. (2) Tariffs on Chinese and Japanese products had ended. (3) The main source of immigration had shifted from northern Europe to southern Europe. (4) Transcontinental railroads had not yet been completed. 2. An important result of the SpanishAmerican War of 1898 was that the United States (1) acquired territories in Africa (2) became a world power with an overseas empire (3) improved its relations with Germany (4) lost interest in Latin American affairs 3. In 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit to Japan was important to the United States because it (1) ended the United States policy of neutrality (2) opened new trading opportunities in Asia (3) began a military alliance between the two nations (4) acquired cheap labor for America’s factories 4. The passage of the Dawes Act in 1887 was primarily an attempt by the United States government to (1) limit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (2) return eastern land to Native American Indian tribes (3) encourage Native American Indians to give up their traditional cultures (4) hire Native American Indians as military scouts
5. The Gentlemen’s Agreement, literacy tests, and the quota system were all attempts by Congress to restrict (1) immigration (2) property ownership (3) voting rights (4) access to public education 6. One result of the Spanish-American War of 1898 was that the United States was (1) recognized as a world power (2) committed to isolationism (3) drawn into World War II (4) forced into an economic depression 7. During his reelection campaign in 1916, President Woodrow Wilson used the slogan, ―He kept us out of war.‖ In April of 1917, Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. What helped bring about this change? (1) Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy. (2) Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers. (3) Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers. (4) Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. 8. Why did the Senate reject the Versailles Treaty (1919)? (1) to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements (2) to express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany (3) to avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations (4) to reduce United States military forces in Europe
9. The ―clear and present danger‖ doctrine stated by the Supreme Court in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919) had an important impact on the Bill of Rights because it (1) limited the powers of the president (2) placed limits on freedom of speech (3) clarified standards for a fair trial (4) expanded the rights of persons accused of crimes 10. Between the 1890s and the start of World War I, the United States expanded its access to overseas markets and raw materials through the policy of (1) containment (2) imperialism (3) isolationism (4) neutrality 11. The Open Door policy of 1899 was originally adopted so that the United States could (1) restrict Chinese immigration (2) stop Japan from colonizing China (3) gain equal trading rights in China (4) encourage the development of democracy in China 12. Which argument did President Woodrow Wilson use to persuade Congress to enter World War I? (1) making the world safe for democracy (2) retaliating against the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor (3) assisting the neutral nations with their defense (4) removing the Nazi threat from the Western Hemisphere
UNIT SEVEN VOCABULARY
1. Spanish American War _____ 2. Phillippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico _________ 3. Imperialism _________ 4. Anti-Imperialism _________ 5. Panama Canal __________ 6. Roosevelt Corollary _______ 7. ―Big Stick‖ Policy ________ 8. Dollar Diplomacy _________ 9. Moral Diplomacy _________ 10. WWI Causes MAIN ________ 11. Unrestricted submarine warfare ___________ 12. Wilson’s 14 Points _________ 13. Treaty of Versailles __________ 14. League of Nations ___________ 15. Sedition Act ___________
A. This war was fought to end colonization of the island of Cuba and was thought of by many to be caused in part by exaggerated newspaper accounts called yellow journalism. B. President Teddy Roosevelt declared this addition to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the US would act as an international police force in Latin America causing many hard feelings in these countries. C. This policy is used to describe when a large country takes over a smaller one. D. Presiden’t Wilson’s belief in forming foreign policy based on what you tink is morally right and wrong. E. This represents President Roosevel’ts policy of using aggressive tactics if necessary to achieve your goals. F. This group of people argued tha the US governmetn should not take over smaller coutnreis for many reasons includign the violation of our democratic prinsiples and the racist belief tha the natives could not be assimiliated into our cultures. G. This agreement represented President Wilson’s plan for peace, but the European nations would not accept any such things for Germany H. This change in policy by the Germans led to the sinking of a British battleship with American lives lost and ultimetly led to US involvement in World War I I. These lands were either graied or controlled as a result of the success of the Spanish American War J. This was William Howard Taft’s foreign policy stating that money and economics are the best way to establish ties in Latin America. K. This agreement was written by the winning European after WWI and had President Wilson’s approval but US Senate would not approve it due to the inclusion of the League of Nations L. WWI began in Europe because of militarism alliances, imperialism, and nationalism M. This organization was created as an attempt at peace after World War I N. This law was passed to make protesting against the government during wartime a crime and eventually led to the Supreme Court Case Schenck vs. the United States. O. This land was acquired by President Teddy Roosevelt to build a shorter trade route from cost to coast America.
REASONS FOR US EXPANSION Overseas
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS POLICIES
IMPERIALISM ANTIIMPERIALISM DEBATE
PROGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY and WWI Unit 7
WORLD WAR I CAUSES OF WWI
Schenck vs. the United States
PEACE PLANS WWI
US REFUSAL TO SIGN TREATY
Worldwide effect on twenties?
For United States Treaty of Versailles
UNIT EIGHT: TWENTIES AND THIRTIES What were the focuses of President’s Harding and Coolidge of the 1920’s? To return to normalcy, less reform movements, smaller government, isolate from the next problems in Europe.
How did Hoover and Roosevelt plans differ? Hoover and Trickle Down economics supported little government involvement in business side of economy. FDR supported big government involvement in household side of economy. He was willing to run up the deficit in order to get money into the circular flow
Why did Americans choose immigration restriction in the 1920s? Fear of overseas conflict and radical ideas led to immigration quotas and restrictions in the 1920’s.
Describe the RRR’s of the New Deal. Relief for the suffering/jobs like Civilian Conservation Corps and Public Works Authority. Recovery to help economy grow like Tennessee Valley Authority (dam) and Federal Housing Administration and Reform to make sure doesn’t happen again like Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate stocks and Social Security Act.
What caused the first red scare? The Red Scare or fear of communism was our reaction to the communist take-over of Russia after World War I Sacco and Vanzetti murder trial of two Italian anarchists. KKK also started a re-birth.
What was the Wagner Act? Congress passed a law that allowed Labor Unions the right to exist.
What happened in the Scopes Monkey Trial? Scopes Monkey trial starred the theory of evolution vs. Christian values
What major precedent established by George Washington was broken by Franklin Roosevelt ran for office four times (1932, 1936, 1940, 1944) breaking the Two term tradition established in the 1792. This prompting a formal amendment to the Constitution in 1950 that established a written two term limit to the presidency...
What went wrong with Prohibition? 18th amendment ended consumption and production of alcohol. Impossible to enforce, people’s behavior, “Noble Experiment” ended with 21st amendment. What were the weaknesses of the 20’s economy that helped lead to depression? large income gap between rich and poor, unregulated business and stock market, bank weaknesses led to failures and no insurance, overproduction of goods and farm products after World War I. high tariffs on imports led to high tariffs on our goods in other countries
What happened in the Court Packing “Scheme?” Roosevelt tried to “pack” Supreme Court with his political allies after they ruled parts of New Deal unconstitutional in cases such as Schecter Poultry vs. United States
What happens to the economy in a depression? A depression is a really bad recession. Characterized by lack of money in the circular flow with declining employment rates (as high as 25% nationwide), a falling Gross National Product (GNP or the measure of how much product is made in our nation) and falling prices known as deflation. What was the long term impact of the New Deal plan? The Federal government became bigger and more influential with all of the spending programs and they have stayed that way ever since.
What were Roosevelt’s major foreign policy decisions as the second World War was brewing in Europe? Originally, he tried to stay out of the problems that dragged us into World War I such as the Cash and Carry Act that said that the US would only supply weapons to those countries that could pay cash. Eventually, as the situation is Europe worsened, he began the Lend Lease Act to lend support to Britain and France
ECONOMIC 20’s, causes of the depression
Prohibition Effects from WWI
US Foreign Policy between world wars
Red Scare effects
ECONOMIC 30’s Gross National Product
TWENTIES AND THIRTIES Unit 8
POLITICAL 30’s and the NEW DEAL Compare to Hoover
Purpose of Business Cycles
New role of government Court Packing Scheme
Social 30’s: Life in the Depression
World War II US attempts to stay neutral
Examples of New Deal
Cause of war
MULTIPLE CHOICE TWENTIES AND THIRTIES 1. Much of the economic growth of the 1920s was based on (1) increased trade with other nations (2) the production of new consumer goods (3) rising prices of agricultural products (4) the rapid development of the West 2. Langston Hughes and Duke Ellington are noted for their contributions to the cultural movement of the 1920s known as the (1) Gospel of Wealth (2) Lost Generation (3) Harlem Renaissance (4) Gilded Age 3. The failure of national Prohibition led to a public awareness that (1) crime rates decline when the sale of alcoholic beverages is banned (2) economic prosperity encourages social conformity (3) unpopular laws are difficult to enforce (4) geographic conditions affect law enforcement 4. A lasting effect of the New Deal has been a belief that government should (1) own the principal means of producing goods and services (2) allow natural market forces to determine economic conditions (3) maintain a balanced federal budget during hard economic times (4) assume responsibility for the well-being of its citizens 5. Which conditions are most characteristic of an economic depression? (1) high unemployment and overproduction (2) large business investments and low taxes (3) too much money in circulation and high stock prices (4) high employment and increased real estate investments
6. In the 1930s, shantytowns, often called ―Hoovervilles,‖ sprang up across the United States because of President Herbert Hoover’s (1) support for federal programs to provide jobs for the unemployed (2) refusal to provide direct federal aid to the homeless (3) efforts to help the residents return to their farms (4) emergency relief program to provide food to the poor 7. Henry Ford produced a more affordable car primarily because his company (1) paid workers lower wages than its competitors paid (2) used foreign-made parts (3) developed a less expensive method of production (4) offered a variety of options to buyers 8. Which pair of events illustrates an accurate cause-and-effect relationship? (1) Sacco and Vanzetti trial → ratification of the woman suffrage amendment (2) rebirth of the KKK → formation of the Populist Party (3) Red Scare → demand for limits on immigration (4) high food prices → start of the Great Depression 9. Which situation helped cause the stock market crash of 1929? (1) excessive speculation and buying on margin (2) unwillingness of people to invest in new industries (3) increased government spending (4) too much government regulation of business
10. The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 strengthened labor unions because it legalized (1) collective bargaining (3) the open shop (2) blacklisting (4) the sit-down strike
11. The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to (1) avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I (2) create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry (3) support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia (4) help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini 12. Which group of Americans generally failed to experience the economic prosperity of the 1920s? (1) farmers (3) consumers (2) retailers (4) manufacturers 13. A primary objective of United States foreign policy during the 1930s was to (1) avoid involvement in Asian and European conflicts (2) protect business interests in Africa through direct intervention (3) strengthen international peacekeeping organizations (4) acquire overseas land as colonies 14. Which statement best illustrates a basic idea of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal? (1) Communism provides the only real solution to economic problems. (2) Unemployed workers should rely on the states rather than on the federal government for help. (3) The United States reached its economic peak in the 1920s and is now a declining industrial power. (4) The economy sometimes needs public money to encourage business activity. 15. Which action by President Franklin D. Roosevelt challenged the principle of checks and balances? (1) frequently vetoing New Deal legislation (2) trying to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court (3) taking over the Senate’s treaty ratification power (4) desegregating defense industries
UNIT EIGHT TWENTIES AND THIRTIES 1. Red Scare ___________
A. These men were executed in the 1920’s for murder, but many thought they were innocent and just guilty of having a different political belief than capitalism
2. Sacco and Vanzetti ________
B. This phrase was used to describe the post World War I attitude that the government should go back to pre-progressive era laissez faire policies
3. Return to Normalcy ______
C. This movement was an opportunity for all races to experience African American expression of racial heritage through music and literature
4. Flappers, Sheiks _________
5. Harlem Renaissance ________
D. These New Deal Plans were designed to give relief to a struggling economy by putting people to work
6. Scopes Monkey Trial __________
E. These New Deal Plans were designed tot give recovery to the economy by controlling production and getting money into the economy
7. Depression __________
F. These New Deals Plans were designed to create reforms with new agencies designed to make sure the economic conditions would never get so bad again.
8. Recession ___________
G. This is a form of government where the leaders make all decision regarding production, pricing and employment
9. Deflation ___________
H. This term describes a fear of communism in both the 1920’s and the 1950’s.
10. Gross National Product __________
I. The falling of prices due to overproduction and under consumption evident during the Great Depression.
11. Business Cycle ___________
J. This proposal by Franklin Roosevelt was caused by his anger over the Supreme court’s action and brought him lots of criticism by many people.
12. The New Deal ________
K. This man was put on trial for teaching the theory of evolution during a highly publicized event.
13. CCC and WPA _________
14. FHA and AAA ___________
L. This term would describe the really “cool” men and women of the 1920’s. M. This event was caused by lack of government regulation and poor government polices during the 1920’s economy, a weak international economy after World War I, massive overproduction of goods and a large poor class not sharing the wealth.
15. FDIC, SEC, SSA ___________
16. Court Packing Scheme __________
17. Communism __________
N. This was Franklin Roosevelt’s to fix the high unemployment and low production evident during the Great Depression. O. This term is used to describe the economic periods of expansion and contraction in US history P. This economic term represents the sum of all goods and services made in the Untied States in one year Q. This economic term is defined as a fall in the GNP for a period of at least 6 months.
UNIT NINE: WWII AND THE COLD WAR What was the effect of the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima? Ended World War II in Japan (war already over in Europe). How did Supreme Court rule on Japanese Internment? President FDR ordered persons of Japanese ancestry to be removed to Internment camps. Korematsu vs. US said it was Ok to limit civil liberties in wartime, even for US citizens. What was the Cold War and when did it begin? War of words between communist USSR and democratic US began before WWII ended when defeat of common enemy Hitler was clear at Yalta Conference What was the containment policy? Trying to keep communism from spreading to other countries. Policy used in Korea and Vietnam. Also sent money to Greece and Turkey in Truman Doctrine. What did the Marshall Plan do for the US? Rebuilt post-war Western Europe and they became major allies and trading partners and did not fall to communism. Included Britain, France, West Germany
What was the effect of the Cold War on Germany? Occupied Germany split into USSR and US halves, with capital of Berlin located in East Germany also split. USSR blockade of West Berlin led to Berlin Airlift in 1948. Berlin Wall in 1963 = symbol What was US reaction to Cold War at home? 2nd Red Scare led to accusations of communist activities by Joe McCarthy. House Committee on Un-American Activities ruin lives including Hollywood 10. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg put to death and Alger Hiss, FDR associate arrested for spying. Fear led to DUCK AND COVER and bomb shelters. What is the constitutional significance of Brown vs. Board of Education? African American 8 year old Linda Brown wanted to attend the all white school in Kansas. The Supreme Court overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson decision and stated that separate isn’t equal. It ended legal segregation in schools.
What happened at Little Rock High School? Nine African American students wanted to attend the all white Little Rock high School but Governor Fauvus refused to let them and called in the What is the United Nations and why did the US National Guard to keep them out. President Join? After the failure of the League of nations, Eisenhower sent in federal troops to enforce in part, due to US Support, WWII began in 1939. Supreme Court order. Despite horrible The US joined the United Nations after WWII to hardships, Ernest Green became the first black discuss future problems with other countries American to graduate from Little Rock high. A without the use of weapons. good example of federalism. What was the Cold War? A war of words between the United States (capitalism and democracy) and the Soviet Union (communism and dictatorship) Considered the two superpowers after the second world war.
What happened in the Montgomery Bus Boycott? African American Rosa Parks refused to follow a segregation law on buses and would not give up her seat to a white man. Martin Luther King led the people of Montgomery on a bus boycott and refused to ride the busses for two year until they finally gave up segregation laws.
MULTIPLE CHOICE UNIT NINE WWII AND THE COLD WAR 1. Which foreign policy decision by 6. The decision of the Supreme Court in President Harry Truman is an example of Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the policy of containment? the power of the president during wartime (1) relieving General MacArthur of his to Korean command (1) ban terrorists from entering the country (2) recognizing the new nation of Israel (2) limit a group’s civil liberties (3) supporting the trials of war criminals in (3) stop mistreatment of resident legal Germany and Japan aliens (4) providing military aid to Greece and (4) deport persons who work for enemy Turkey nations 2. The main foreign policy objective of the Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was to (1) stop communist aggression in Korea (2) fight poverty in Latin America (3) rebuild the economies of European nations (4) provide jobs for unemployed Americans 3. During the Korean War, President Harry Truman removed General Douglas MacArthur from command because MacArthur (1) called for an immediate end to the war (2) refused to serve under the United Nations (3) lacked the experience to provide wartime leadership (4) threatened the constitutional principle of civilian control of the military 4. Which foreign policy agreement had the most direct influence on the Middle East? (1) Kellogg-Briand Pact (2) Yalta Conference declaration (3) SALT I Treaty (4) Camp David Accords 5. During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to (1) recruit women into wartime industries (2) encourage women to serve in the armed forces (3) promote women’s suffrage (4) support higher education for women
7. Why was the United States called the ―arsenal of democracy‖ in 1940? (1) The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States. (2) Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil. (3) The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war. (4) The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers. 8. To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the (1) money borrowed from foreign governments (2) sale of war bonds (3) sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations (4) printing of additional paper money 9. The primary goal of the United States foreign policy of containment was to (1) return to noninvolvement in world affairs (2) stop communist influence from spreading (3) gain territories in Africa and Latin America (4) overthrow existing dictatorships 10. During the Cold War era, the United States and the Soviet Union were hesitant to become involved in direct military conflict mainly because of (1) the threat of China to both nations (2) pressure from nonaligned nations (3) the potential for global nuclear destruction (4) mutual dependence on Middle East petroleum
11. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to (1) work on the development of an atomic bomb (2) increase economic production to meet wartime demands (3) defend New York City against a nuclear attack (4) recruit men for the military services 12. The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to (1) renew support for the principle of separate but equal (2) join the armed forces in record numbers (3) increase efforts to end racial discrimination (4) move back to the rural south 13. During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers primarily because they (1) were known spies for Japan (2) were seen as a security threat (3) refused to serve in the United States military (4) expressed their support for Italy and Germany 14. What was one result of World War II? (1) The arms race ended. (2) The Cold War ended. (3) Communism was eliminated. (4) Two superpowers emerged. 15. Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that (1) government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions (2) the United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping (3) the League of Nations could successfully enforce international law (4) nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations
WWII AND THE COLD WAR
1. Cash Carry/Lend Lease ________
A. Following the postwar division of Germany, this event occurred when the Soviet controlled East Germany tried to prevent the US from reaching their half of Berlin
2. Appeasement and Pearl Harbor ______ B. This US foreign policy focused on using our efforts to keep communism from spreading. 3. Cold War ________
4. Berlin Airlift _______
C. The attitude to allow Hitler to take over “just one more” piece of land failed. Combined with the direct military attack on US soil, the US felt obligated to join World War II
5. Containment _______
D. This represents the initial attempts by the US to stay out of World War II, but later feeling obligated to help the allies by supplying them with arms.
6. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan __________
E. This war was fought to keep communism from spreading throughout this southeast Asian country. F. This African American woman prompted the large bus boycott by refusing to give up her seat on the bus.
7. Iron Curtain _________ G. These plans helped both Greece/Turkey and Western Europe with money from the US to rebuild and avoid possible communist beliefs 8. Korean War _______ H. This represented Cold War hysteria as American’s attacked, fired, jailed and boycotted people based on possible communist beliefs 9. Arms Race _________ I. This was not considered a “real war” but rather a war of words between the two super powers, the Untied States in the USSR. 10. House Un-American Activities Committee and McCarthyism _________
J. The United States and the Soviet Union began this in response to both of their abilities to obtain nuclear weapons
11. Alger Hiss/Rosenberg __________
K. This trend to move outside the city was common after WWII and made possible by widespread use of the automobile
12. Brown vs. Board of Education and Little Rock Nine __________
L. These people were accused of spying for the Soviets in the 1950’s with little evidence against them.
13. Rosa parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott ___________
M. In a speech by former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, this phrase was coined to describe the “division” of western Europe from eastern Europe.
14. Baby Boomers ___________
N. This group of people represents a large “bubble” in the current American population who were born in the years following WWII
15. Suburbanization _________
O. This case led to the end of segregation in public school, but President Eisenhower had to force some schools to comply by sending in the US Army to protect African American children.
MAJOR WORLD WAR II EVENTS
TRANSITION TO COLD WAR
WORLD WAR II AT HOME
COLD WAR: CONTAINMENT
CIVIL RIGHTS 50’s
What is it?
WWII & the Cold War Unit 9 Montgomery Bus Boycott
WHERE/HOW? TRUMAN DOCTRINE
US AND COMMUNISM AT HOME: Red Scare
Brown vs. Board of Education MCCARTHY KOREAN WAR
DIVISION OF GERMANY AND BERLIN
Little Rock Nine
UNIT TEN: SIXTIES TO 2008 Describe the events of John Kennedy’s presidency. Assassination, Cuban Missile Crisis (soviet missiles in Cuba finally taken away in blockade), Bay of Pigs (failed US assistance in take-over of Castro’s Cuba.
What was Johnson’s Great Society? A War on Poverty including massive social programs such as Headstart preschool programs and government Medicare insurance for the poor. Met with mixed results, What were some of Johnson’s Civil Rights issues? Following the Freedom summer of 1963 where many encouraged southern blacks to increase their rights, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1965 ending segregation in public places and Voting Rights Act of 1965 which increased voting rights of African Americans. Also a Constitutional amendment was passed ending poll taxes and literacy tests. What was the Affirmative Action of 1965? Designed to give minorities a chance to catch up with colleges and federal jobs,
How did Johnson react to the situation in Vietnam? Increased US involvement by sending more troops beginning in 1964. How did President Johnson get the power to establish a war in Vietnam without Congressional declaration of war? Tonkin Gulf gave power to fight communism in SE Asia to president in 1964 BUT the War Powers Act in 1974 took it away. Now the President has only 60 days to get troops out without Congress.
What were Nixon’s successes? Opened diplomatic relations with China in 1974 for the first time since communist takeover in 1949. He also started a détente or warming of Cold War with arms limitations with the USSR.
What happened in Watergate? Nixon resigned due to discovery he covered up a burglary. US vs. Richard Nixon forced him to turn evidence (tapes) to Congress. Vice President Ford becomes president and pardons Nixon.
Describe Jimmy Carter’s presidency. A nice, honest person after the trauma of Watergate. SALT II agreement, turned Panama Canal back and Iranian hostages held during his presidency and Camp David peace agreement What was Reagan New Federalism idea? Conservative republican supported smaller government called New Federalism to turn responsibility over to states What was Reagan’s supply side economics plan? It gave federal help to business and rich and hoped it would trickle down to the households. The spending, especially on his defense plans known as “Star Wars”, and tax cuts led to huge increases in the national debt. Within a few years the debt went to trillions of dollars. Why did Bush I send troops to Persian Gulf? Bush organized an international United Nations force to keep Iraq from taking over oil fields in Kuwait. He was did not pursue Saddam Hussein into Iraq when they withdrew from Kuwait. What is a free trade agreement? Allows countries to trade with each other with no taxes or tariffs that limit trade. The US, Mexico and Canada all signed the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement. The US also joined the GATT agreement of tariffs and trade that led to the outsourcing of jobs in the 21st century.
What were some of the other events of Clinton’s presidency? Civil War in Bosnia was causing destruction so US troops were sent as a peacekeeping force. His promise of a major health care reform bill, led by his wife Hillary, failed to pass through Congress.
Why was Bill Clinton impeached? Lying about his affair with a young woman, guilty but not kicked out of office.
What sectional differences are still apparent in the United States today? Red states for conservative republicans and blue states for liberal democrats are still apparent.
1. In 1965, Congress established Medicare to (1) provide health care to the elderly (2) assist foreign nations with their health problems (3) grant scholarships to medical students (4) establish universal health care 2. The main purpose of the War Powers Act of 1973 was to (1) expand the power of Congress to declare war (2) limit the president’s ability to send troops into combat abroad (3) allow people to vote on the issue of United States commitments overseas (4) end the Vietnam War on favorable terms 3. The domino theory was used to justify United States involvement in the (1) War on Poverty (3) Bosnian crisis (2) Berlin airlift (4) Vietnam War
4. President Richard Nixon supported the policy of détente as a way to (1) reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union (2) introduce democratic elections to communist nations (3) encourage satellite nations to break their ties with the Soviet Union (4) undermine Soviet influence among nonaligned countries in Africa and Asia 5. The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide (1) support to developing nations of the world (2) job training for the unemployed (3) markets for consumer goods (4) teachers for inner-city areas 6. The program that promotes preference in hiring for African Americans and other minorities to correct past injustices is known as (1) Title IX (3) affirmative action (2) open admissions (4) Head Start
7. The war in Vietnam led Congress to pass the War Powers Act of 1973 in order to (1) affirm United States support for the United Nations (2) strengthen the policy of détente (3) increase United States participation in international peacekeeping operations (4) assert the role of Congress in the commitment of troops overseas
11. One responsibility of the Federal Reserve System is to (1) balance the federal budget (2) raise or lower income taxes (3) control the supply of money (4) regulate the stock market
8. The ratification of the 26th amendment, which lowered the voting age to 18, was a result of the (1) participation of the United States in the Vietnam War (2) fear of McCarthyism (3) reaction to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union (4) reporting of the Watergate scandal
13. In the United States, support for the passage and expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has been strongest among (1) labor unions (2) environmentalists (3) big business (4) farmers
9. In 1991, one of the reasons President George H. W. Bush committed United States troops to the Persian Gulf War was to (1) maintain the flow of trade through the Suez Canal (2) fulfill military obligations as a member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (3) contain the spread of communism in the Middle East (4) assure the flow of Middle East oil to the United States and its allies 10. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct (1) racial and gender discrimination (2) limitations on freedom of speech (3) unfair immigration quotas (4) segregation in the armed forces
UNIT TEN: SIXTIES TO 2008
12. Since 1980, most new jobs in the United States have been in (1) education (3) service industries (2) heavy industry (4) civil service
14. A major goal of the Republican Party since the 1980s has been to (1) increase welfare benefits (2) increase the size of the federal workforce (3) reduce defense spending (4) cut federal taxes 15. During the next 30 years, what will be the most likely impact of the baby boom that followed World War II? (1) More money will be spent on national defense. (2) The cost of health care will decrease. (3) Social Security will have to provide for increasing numbers of retired people. (4) The elderly will be the smallest segment of the population. 16. Support for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) reflected the United States commitment to (1) globalization (3) collective security (2) Manifest Destiny (4) isolationism
UNIT TEN: 60’s – 2008 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964/ Voting Rights Act of 1965 2. Affirmative Action 3. Great Society and Head Start 4. Rights of the Accused 5. Cuban Missile Crisis 6. Tonkin Gulf Resolution/War Powers Act 7. Vietnam War 8. Détente 9. Watergate 10. Impeachment 11 OPEC oil Embargo 12. Camp David Peace Accords 13. Panama Canal Treaties 14. Iranian Hostage 15. Supply Side Economics 16. Persian Gulf War 17. N.A.F.T.A
A. This plan was designed to increase the number of women and minorities in universities and was supported, in part by the Supreme Court B. A major Cold War scare between the US and the USSR over Soviet arms placed 80 miles from the coast of Florida. C. Johnson’s plan for helping the American poor of the 1960’s including free preschool for the needy. D. Like Korea, this war was fought over the containment of communism, but eventually the country fell to communism anyway. E. This act of removing a president from office allows the House of Representatives to bring the charges and the Senate to try the case with the Supreme Court chief Justice acting as judge. The process was started with Nixon but Clinton was forced to go through all the steps. F. This foreign organization of oil producing countries successfully limited the supply of oil to the US in the 1970’s and forced the price up and long gas lines. G. President Carter was unable to successfully negotiate the end of this crisis. H. The laws the Congress passed which initially gave the war powers to the President but finally took it away, despite a veto attempt by Nixon. I. This was a major part of Nixon’s foreign policy plan and included a ―warming‖ of relations with the USSR. J. These laws were passed by Congress in the 1960’s to finally enforce the Civil War Amendments. K. This agreement was designed to support free trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico and was sponsored by both the Republican and Democratic political parties. L. This agreement sponsored by Jimmy Carter, represents the 1st peace treaty between Israel and an Arab nation. M. Jimmy Carter gave away US control of this important man made geographic feature. N. George Bush 41 sent troops to fight Saddam Hussain over Iraq’s attack on Kuwait in this United Nations effort. O. The break-in at this hotel led to charges of cover-up in the Nixon administration and finally caused his resignation. P. This economic plan of Ronald Reagan’s was similar to Hoover’s in that they supported the business side of the economy. Regan’s plan, however, included massive budget deficits. Q. Miranda vs. Arizona and Gideon v Wainwright both dealt with this civil liberties issue
1. John Kennedy
2. Lyndon Johnson
3. Richard Nixon
4. Gerald Ford
THE LAST UNIT (10) 60’S TO Present
5. Jimmy Carter
6. Ronald Reagan
7. George H. W. Bush 41
8. Bill Clinton
9. George W. Bush 43
War on Terror
10. Barack Obama
MULTIPLE CHOICE END OF YEAR
1. Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson supported domestic policies that (1) favored only one region of the nation (2) attempted to increase the wealth of the rich (3) led to tax cuts for all Americans (4) provided direct help to those in need 2. The change in the nation’s attitude toward membership in the League of Nations and membership in the United Nations shows the contrast between (1) neutrality and containment (2) appeasement and internationalism (3) isolationism and involvement (4) interventionism and détente 3. Which topic has been the focus of four different amendments to the United States Constitution? (1) voting rights (2) term limits on federal officeholders (3) the electoral college (4) prohibition of alcoholic beverages
4. One similarity between the actions of Samuel Gompers and Cesar Chavez is that both leaders (1) organized workers to strive for better conditions (2) relied on the use of force to gain minority rights (3) advocated federal regulation of railroad rates (4) worked to improve consumer product safety 5. Which heading would be most appropriate for the partial outline below? I. ______________________________ A. Wages lagging behind the cost of living B. Overproduction of consumer goods C. Excessive buying on credit (1) Mercantilist Economic Theory (2) Features of a Bull Stock Market (3) Monopolistic Business Practices (4) Causes of the Great Depression 6. The Palmer raids following World War I and the McCarthy hearings during the Korean War were similar in that they were caused by fear of (1) new military weapons (2) foreign invasions of the United States (3) communist influence in the United States (4) economic depression 7. President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society programs were similar to Progressive Era programs in that both (1) strictly enforced antitrust laws (2) focused on expanding civil rights for African Americans (3) used federal government power to improve social conditions (4) made urban renewal their primary concern
―The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. . . .‖ — 19th Amendment, United States Constitution 8. Which group of women worked for the passage of this amendment? (1) Harriet Tubman, Jane Addams, and Dorothea Dix (2) Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton (3) Madeline Albright, Geraldine Ferraro, and Sandra Day O’Connor (4) Clara Barton, Amelia Earhart, and Eleanor Roosevelt 9. How did the power of government change during the Civil War and the Great Depression? (1) Presidential powers were expanded. (2) Congress exerted greater leadership. (3) The Supreme Court expanded civil liberties. (4) Power shifted from the federal government to the states.