Why does http use tcp as the transport layer protocol?
What is the transport layer and tcp? – part 1
HTTP is a protocol that helps you to retrieve resources like HTML documents. It is the basis of every data exchange on the Internet, and it is a client-server protocol, meaning that requests are initiated by the user, which is typically the Web browser. The different sub-documents fetched, such as text, layout description, images, videos, scripts, and more, are combined to form a complete document.
Individual messages are exchanged between clients and servers (as opposed to a stream of data). Requests are messages sent by the client, which is typically a Web browser, and responses are messages sent by the server as an answer.
HTTP is an extensible protocol that was created in the early 1990s and has developed over time. It’s an application layer protocol that’s sent over TCP or a TLS-encrypted TCP link, but it could theoretically be sent over any stable transport protocol. It is used to not only retrieve hypertext documents, but also images and videos, as well as to post content to servers, such as HTML form results, due to its extensibility. HTTP can also be used to fetch portions of documents in order to dynamically update Web pages. HTTP-based device components HTTP is a client-server protocol, which means that only one person, the user-agent, sends requests (or a proxy on behalf of it). The user-agent is typically a Web browser, but it can be anything, such as a robot that crawls the Internet to populate and maintain a search engine database.
Http/3 is coming | daniel stenberg
One of the most important protocols in the Internet protocol suite is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Its history can be traced back to the first network implementation, when it was used to replace the Internet Protocol (IP). As a consequence, TCP/IP is widely used to refer to the entire suite. TCP ensures that a stream of octets (bytes) is transmitted in a secure, orderly, and error-checked manner between applications running on hosts connected by an IP network. TCP, which is part of the TCP/IP suite, is used for major internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, remote administration, and file transfer. SSL/TLS is commonly used in combination with TCP.
TCP is link-oriented, which means that data can only be transmitted after a connection has been formed between the client and the server. Before a link can be formed, the server must be listening (passively open) for connection requests from clients. The use of a three-way handshake (active open), retransmission, and error detection improves reliability while the latency. Users that don’t need a reliable data stream service may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which is a connectionless datagram service that prioritizes speed over reliability. TCP uses congestion avoidance to avoid network congestion. TCP, on the other hand, has vulnerabilities such as denial of service, link hijacking, TCP veto, and a reset assault.
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We looked at HTTP messages in part two of this series. In an HTTP transaction, we saw examples of the text commands and codes that flow from the client to the server and back. But how does the data in these messages make its way through the network? When do the network connections become active? When will the ties be cut off? These are some of the issues that this article will answer as we take a more in-depth look at HTTP. To begin, we must first comprehend some of the abstractions that reside underneath HTTP.
To comprehend HTTP links, we must first consider what occurs in the layers underneath HTTP. Layers are used in network communication protocols, as they are in most business applications. In a communication stack, each layer is responsible for a particular set of responsibilities.
Since it allows two applications to communicate over the network, HTTP is referred to as an application layer protocol. A web browser is frequently one of the programs, while the other is a web server such as IIS or Apache. The browser can request resources from the server using HTTP messages, as we saw. The HTTP requirements, on the other hand, say little about how the messages actually cross the network and get to the server; lower layer protocols are in control of that. A message from a web browser must travel down a series of layers, and then it must travel up a series of layers to access the web service phase when it reaches the web server.
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The transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet protocol suite and the OSI model, which is used in computer networking. This layer’s protocols provide applications with host-to-host communication services. 1st: 1.1.3. Connection-oriented communication, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing are some of the services it offers.
The transport layer of the Internet protocol suite, which is the Internet’s backbone, differs from the OSI model of general networking in terms of implementation and semantics. TCP/IP gave birth to many of the protocols that are used today in this layer of the Internet. The transport layer is also referred to as Layer 4, or L4, in the OSI model, although TCP/IP does not use numbered layers.