A wave is means for transferring energy using oscillations. A wave can have properties described using;
- displacement - the position of a particular point on a wave at a particular instant in time.
- amplitude - the magnitude of the max displacement reached by an oscillation in the wave. It is the difference between the crest and 0 displacement.
- frequency - the number of complete wave cycles per second - Hertz
- wavelength - the distance between a point on a wave to the same point on the next cycle of the same wave e.g. two crests
- period - time taken for one complete oscillation at one point on the next cycle of the same wave
- phase - the stage at which a complete cycle has occured
- wave speed - the rate of movement of the wave
wave speed = frequency x wavelength
There are two types of waves;
Transverse - where the direction of particles is at right angles to the direction of energy flow e.g. light waves
Longitudinal - where the movement of particles is parallel to that of the energy flow e.g. sound waves. within a longitudinal waves there are commpression(regions of high concentration) and rarefaction ( regions of low concentration)