Though some gardeners may be blessed with perfect soil, most of us garden in soil that is less than perfect. If your soil has too much clay in it, is too sandy, too stony or too acidic, don’t despair. Turning a poor soil into a plant-friendly soil is not difficult to do, once you understand the components of a healthy soil.
Soil is composed of weathered rock and organic matter, water and air. But the hidden “magic” in a healthy soil is the organisms—small animals, worms, insects and microbes—that flourish when the other soil elements are in balance.
Minerals. Roughly half of the soil in your garden consists of small bits of weathered rock that has gradually been broken down by the forces of wind, rain, freezing and thawing and other chemical and biological processes.
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Resources from www.gardeners.com