Scientific Research An Academic Publisher. The concept of impression management has its origin in amazing essay introductions social psychology and was originally focused on behavior of individuals. It was first introduced by Goffman impression literature review While, recent impression literature review, more and more researches had done to investigate the impression http://freey8.com/500-word-essay/creative-writing-professional.html in the corporate information.
Impression management can be viewed as a technique that individuals and organizations adopt as an attempt to control the impression that individuals or organizations  - . There have been lots of empirical studies which focus on the relationship between the corporate information disclosure and the impression management.
These researches try to find out the impression management applied in not only the corporate financial information release  -  but also the corporate non-financial information release  . The existing studies focus on the motivation and effect of impression management in information release especially in the annual reports.
Prior researches on the impression literature review of impression management focus on the influence of physiotherapy essay on the stock price . Corporate information is crucial to the investors, governments as well as the publics.
It is because of the significant of the corporate information and the impression management technics in corporate information release. This paper impression literature review solve several problems. Firstly, this paper is going to make a review on previous studies in impression management related to corporate information impression literature review. We want to give the researchers a general idea about impression management impression literature review in corporate information release and draw brief comments on previous studies.
Secondly, this paper wants to give appropriate suggestions to the corporate stakeholders such as the firms, investors and the regulators in order to let them fully understand the corporate information disclosure. Impression management originates from social psychology, which focused on behavior of individuals mainly. While there are still impression literature review other authors have different definitions on impression management.
Schlenker defined it as the conscious or unconscious attempt to control images that are projected in real or imagined impression literature review interactions . Tedeschi and Riess thought that impression management consists of any behavior by a person that has the purpose of controlling or manipulating the attributions and impression formed of that person by others .
Although above authors have different descriptions on impression management, their definitions all involve controlling or changing the perception that impression literature review have of the impression literature review. Research on impression management is in origin targeted at the individual, however it has frequently been conducted in the organizational setting  - .
This is argued by the assumption that organizations also attempt to control the perception that people have impression literature review the organization. As this study is focused on impression management by organizations the term organization will be used, instead of the individual, when impression management is described. Leary and Kowalski distinguish two processes involving impression management: impression motivation and impression construction.
Impression motivation is the condition under which organizations are motivated to influence its public impression. These authors impression literature review click the following article number of important factors of the motivation namely: the goal-relevance of impression, i.
Impression construction is the process of determining the impression that an organization wants to provide and the manner in which they attempt to achieve this impression. They suggest a number of variables that determine the construction of impression, namely the way the organizations sees itself, the way the organizations think they are seen by others, the impression an organization wants to give and the role constraints which tell organizations the expectations that society has.
With these suggestions Leary and Kowalski argue that impression management is a rational process in which an organization analyses the differences between the current learn more here and desired status and then decides to use impression northwestern creative writing to fill the gap . Through the review of the above literatures, we continue reading impression literature review that the impression management gained lots of attentions and many scholars made their own understanding about the impression management.
There is no standard definition on the impression management. Generally speaking, we can know that the impression management is a process or a tool to help companies fill impression literature review gap between the real situation and the desired impression literature review. Researches are also impression literature review out the impression management technique used in the corporate and try to reveal the motivation and the see more of impression management on the corporate information release.
They discuss why the companies want to do impression management in impression literature review information disclosure?
What is the effect of the impression management on the corporate? These studies solve these questions and make us know deep bout the impression management in the corporate field. As impression management has been widely applied in various disciplines like organizational behavior, sociology, politics and science, it also more info in the accounting field  - .
In the accounting field, impression management has been mainly researched in the behavior that enterprise managers manipulate firm or control the description of language information in financial report to bring good corporate image to public.
Prior studies suggest that managers apply self-attributing as one of impression management way in their information disclosure. Weiner noticed that people prefer to attribute success to their own ability and attribute failure to external factors .
Referring to financial narratives and reports, managers can use specific techniques in an attempt impression literature review influence third party impressions. For example, they may select to disclosure the most favorable information from within the whole range of available data.
In this way, manager can discuss the most favorable change in performance  . Sun in year empirically examining the self-severing attribution by selecting the observations from China listed companies which performance the best 31 observations and performance the worst 39 observations inshowed that companies are likely to attribute better performance to their own abilities while the negative performance to market factors and bishop s candlesticks essay environment .
Later, Sun et al. Then, there are researches on the intelligibility and readability of the disclosure information. Subramanian et al. Impression literature review stream of academic research is dedicated to study the impression management in financial reports.
Scholars find some tables and impression literature review can be used in impression management to weaken the effect of bad information on users or strengthen the effect of good information. These graphs are eye-catching. Steinbar suggests that, comparing with company with net margin increased, the company with net margin decreased is inclined to use the charts which are designed against the design rules in its annual reports .
By reviewing these articles, we can tell that impression literature review previous studies investigate the impression management in financial information disclosure from different aspects.
They find that the self-attributing can be one of the reasons that why managers using impression management techniques. Besides, they also exam the intelligibility and readability of the disclosure information.
They find that companies using different narratives and graphs to influence the readability of the information they provided to impression literature review stakeholders.
All these research from different perspectives verify the existence of impression management in the financial information release. Non-financial information disclosure belongs to another aspect of corporate information disclosure field.
Researches has found that impression management methodology is applied in the non-financial information dis-closure. Cesario et al. That is to say, the better http://freey8.com/500-word-essay/homework-thesis-questionnaire.html recipients feel, the more they will agree on the message. Firms disclose more quantitative information in their CSR reports may bring two kinds of impression to readers; one kind is that firms impression literature review importance to social impression literature review practice that takes more inputs, and firms spend more time searching statistic data used to launch CSR reports, not just meeting the demands of regulators or stakeholders.
The impression literature review kind is that firms impression literature review more sincere and do not confuse information by disclosing more qualitative description . When pictures and printed words are presented together, it is the picture which readily elicits the first response, because pictures impression literature review the viewer directly without the need for impression literature review within mind. Based on above opinions, pictures not only can convey information, but also can make readers focus on some certain information .
Cho et al. They use language and verbal tone for managing take holder impressions . From now on we can see that there has been lots of researches about impression management done related to the non-financial information disclosure.
Due click to see more the characteristic of non-financial information, scholars find the influence of impression management on the stakeholders. They also find the impression literature review how they using impression management in non-financial information disclosure. By reviewing these studies, we can know that when impression literature review perform good, they prefer using more quantitative information to gain a good evaluation from the readers.
Besides, graphs is another method used by companies impression literature review making impression management in their information disclosure. Our study makes a literature reviews on the impression literature review management in the corporate disclosure. This paper makes a review form the two aspects: Impression management in the financial information disclosure and impression management in the non-financial information aspect.
We find that the previous studies based on the psychology theory and using the self-severing attribution to discuss the corporate behaviors on impression management. Academic research investigates the reasons of why companies doing impression management in information disclosure.
All these studies have showed that the impression management gains more and more attentions from both the scholars and the stakeholders. Furthermore, there are several suggestions for the stakeholders. Due to the significance of the financial information, thus, the investors should be more cautions on impression literature review corporate financial information release.
They should pay attention to the language or the words that the managers used in order to make right investment decisions. As for regulator, they should make more specific regulations or guidelines on the non-financial information disclosure such as more detailed regulations on the corporate social responsibility reports.
As for the firm itself, firm should apply accurate information and add more quantitative information to enhance quality and readability of reports. Based on the previous studies which investigate the impression management in corporate information disclosure, we start our research on reviewing these studies in order to draw a general idea about creative writing management on corporate information disclosure.
Although we make literature review on the current researches and make our suggestions, some limitations exist: firstly, we only review the impression management related to the corporate information disclosure and may have some omits related to other aspect of corporate behaviors.
Secondly, we review the impression management on corporate information release which has published on the website that we can see. Due to the accessibility, there impression literature review be some articles we did not include in this paper. Third, Impression essay reconstruction failure is a broad concept and the impression management mechanism is sophisticated as well, so there is more space for scholars to investigate.
Psychological Bulletin, Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, Strategic Management Journal, 12, Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, Social Science Electronic Publishing, 26, Administrative Science Quarterly, 39, Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 15, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39, Managerial Auditing Journal, 18, International Journal of Accounting, 36, Accounting, Organization and Society, 21, http://freey8.com/500-word-essay/modernization-losers-thesis.html Bell Journal of Economics, 12, Academy of Management Journal, 37,