Preventing Pregnancies in Younger Teens
1 in 4
More than 1 in 4 teens who gave birth were ages 15 to 17, before teens typically complete high school.
Nearly 1,700 teens ages 15 to 17 years give birth every week.
Only 1 in 4 (27%) teens ages 15 to 17 have ever had sex.
Teen births in the US have declined over the last 20 years to the lowest level ever recorded, but still more than 86,000 teens ages 15 to 17 gave birth in 2012. Giving birth during the teen years has been linked with increased medical risks and emotional, social, and financial costs to the mother and her children. Becoming a teen mom affects whether the mother finishes high school, goes to college, and the type of job she will get, especially for younger teens ages 15 to 17. More can be done to prevent younger teens from becoming pregnant, particularly in health care.
Doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals can
- Provide confidential, respectful, and culturally appropriate services that meet the needs of teen clients.
- Encourage teens who are not sexually active to continue to wait.
- Offer sexually active teens a broad range of contraceptive methods and encourage them to use the most effective methods.
- Counsel teens about the importance of condom use to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS.
Many younger teens give birth at ages 15 to 17.
More than 1 in 4 teens who give birth are ages 15-17.
- Hispanic, non-Hispanic black and American Indian/Alaska Native teens have higher rates of teen births.
- Only 38% of teens who gave birth at age 17 or younger earned high school diplomas by their 22nd birthday versus 60% of teen who were 18 or older when they gave birth. Among teens not giving birth, 89% earned high school diplomas.
Sexually active teens need ready access to effective and affordable types of birth control.
- Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) including intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hormonal implants are the most effective reversible methods. These methods do not require taking a pill each day or doing something each time before having sex.
- Nine in 10 (92%) younger teens ages 15 to 17 used birth control the last time they had sex, but only 1% used LARC. The most common methods used were condoms and birth control pills.
There are effective ways to prevent pregnancy among younger teens ages 15-17.
- About 8 in 10 (83%) teens did not receive sex education before they first had sex. Earlier delivery of sex education may enhance prevention efforts.
- More than 7 in 10 (76%) spoke to their parents about birth control or about not having sex. Parents play a powerful role in helping teens make healthy decisions about sex, sexuality, and relationships.
- More than half (58%) of sexually active younger teens made a reproductive health visit for birth control services in the past year. Doctors and nurses could use this opportunity to discuss advantages and disadvantages of different contraceptive methods and the importance of condom use during every sexual encounter.
Federal government is
- Developing and evaluating programsExternal in communities where teen births are highest.
- Supporting states in efforts to reduce pregnancies, births, and abortions among teens.
- Working to improve the health and social well-being of teens to reach the Healthy People 2020 national objective to reduce pregnancy in teens ages 15-17.
Doctors, nurses, and other health care providers can
- Encourage teens to delay sexual activity.
- Encourage sexually active teens to consider the most effective reversible methods of birth control. Refer to CDC guidelines.
- Make clinic visits suitable for teens by offering convenient office hours and confidential, respectful, and culturally appropriate services Cdc-pdf[PDF – 3.20MB]External.
- Talk about using condoms correctly every time during sex to prevent sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, even if another birth control method is used.
- Discuss normal physical, emotional, and sexual development with teens and parents.
Parents, guardians, and caregivers can
- Talk with teens about sex, including:
- Normal sexual development, and how and when to say “no” to sex.
- Having a mutually respectful and honest relationship.
- Using birth control if they have sex and a condom every time.
- Know where their teens are and what they are doing, particularly after school.
- Be aware of their teen’s use of social media and digital technology (e.g., cell phones, computers, tablets).
Younger teens can
- Know both they and their partner share responsibility for preventing pregnancyExternal and resisting peer pressure to start having sex until they are older.
- Talk openly about sexual health issues with parents, other adults they trust, and their friends.
- See a health care provider to learn about the most effective types of birth control and use it and condoms correctly every time.
- Vital Signs Issue details: Births to Teens Aged 15–17 Years — United States, 1991–2012, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
- CDC Feature – Breaking the Cycle of Teen Pregnancy
- Vital Signs – Preventing Pregnancy in Younger Teens [PODCAST – 1:15 minutes]
- Vital Signs – Preventing Pregnancy in Younger Teens PSA [PSA – 0:60 seconds]
- Vital Signs – Preventing Repeat Teen Births [PODCAST – 1:15 minutes]
- Vital Signs – Preventing Repeat Teen Births [PSA – 0:60 seconds]
- Public Health Ground Rounds on Reducing Teen Pregnancy in the US
On Other Web Sites
- Medline Plus: Birth ControlExternal
- Medline Plus: Health StatisticsExternal
- Medline Plus: Teenage PregnancyExternal
- The Doctor’s Channel – CDC Vital Signs: How Can Doctors Help in the Prevention of Teen PregnancyExternal