February 29February 29
is the 60th day of a leap year
in the Gregorian Calendar
, with 306 days remaining. A year which has a February 29 is, by definition, a leap year
. This date only occurs approximately every four years, in years evenly divisible by 4, such as 1992
, or 2004
, with some exceptions in century years.
A century year, that is, a year which ends in two zeroes 1800, 1900, 2000, etc., is not a leap year unless it is also evenly divisible by 400. This means that the year 2000 was a leap year and 2400 will also be one, but 1800 and 1900 were not leap years, and the years 2100, 2200, and 2300 will not be leap years either.
Because of this, a leap day is more likely to fall on a Monday than on a Sunday.
If, for example, February 29th falls on a Sunday, you would expect it to fall on Sunday again after 28 years, but if there's a century year in these 28 years, the pattern can become disrupted. The Gregorian calendar repeats itself every 400 years, and 400 years have 97 leap days, which is not divisible by seven, so these days can never be distributed evenly. A leap day on a Sunday occurs 13 times in these 400 years, so approximately every 30.8 years, a Monday however occurs 15 times, which is roughly every 26.7 years.
Those who are born on this day usually celebrate their birthdays on February 28 during non-leap years. In the comic musical The Pirates of Penzance, Frederic, born on February 29, was not apprenticed to a band of pirates until his 21st birthday, in theory until he is 84 years old.
This day may be colloquially termed a leap day, though in the Roman calendar it was February 24 in a leap year which was added, giving the name of "bissextile" day or extra sixth day in the lead up to the 'Calends' of March. The Romans, realizing the need for an extra day, chose February 24th in particular only because it followed the last day of their year, which at that point in history was, of course, February 23rd. In the European Union, February 29 only officially became the leap day in 2000.
There is a tradition that women may make a proposal of marriage to men only on February 29; this is a tightening of an older tradition that such proposals may only occur on leap years. In 1288 the Scottish parliament legislated that any woman could propose in Leap Year. The man may, of course, refuse but, by tradition, he should soften the blow by providing a kiss, one pound currency and a pair of gloves (some later sources say a silk gown). This law was adopted in France, Switzerland and Italy and the tradition was carried to America.
In Al Capp's comic strip Li'l Abner, a similar custom called "Sadie Hawkins Day" was commemorated on or around November 9 each year. On Sadie Hawkins Day, in the hillbilly town of Dogpatch, a race was held for spinsters, in pursuit of all the local bachelors who must marry if caught. 'Sadie Hawkin's Day' functions are still held in some places, and by association with the older tradition, sometimes now occur on or around February 29.
In France, there is an humorous periodical called la Bougie du sapeur (the sapper's candle) edited every February 29 since 1980. The name is a reference to the sapeur Camenbert. In 2004, the first number of la bougie du sapeur - Dimanche is edited. The eighth issue of the periodic will be edited in 2008.
- 1504 - Christopher Columbus uses his knowldege of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Native Americans to provide him with supplies.
- 1704 - Queen Anne's War: French forces and Native Americans attack and destroy Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing 100 men, women, and children (this was the bloodiest battle in the war).
- 1712 - February 29 is followed by February 30 in Sweden, in a move to abolish the Swedish calendar for a return to the Old style.
- 1720 - Queen Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden resigns
- 1864 - American Civil War: Kilpatrick-Dahlgren raid fails - Plans to free 15,000 Union soldiers being held near Richmond, Virginia are thwarted after Union General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick's cavalry split in two, with Colonel Ulrich Dahlgren commanding one part. Dahlgren was killed in a Confederate ambush.
- 1892 - Saint Petersburg, Florida incorporated
- 1916 - Child labor: In South Carolina, the minimum working age for factory, mill, and mine workers is raised from twelve to fourteen years old.
- 1932 - TIME magazine features eccentric American politician William "Alfalfa" Murray on its cover after Murray stated his intention to run for President of the United States.
- 1936 - Baby Snooks, played by Fanny Brice debuts on the radio program The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air.
- 1940 - For her role as Mammy in "Gone with the Wind," Hattie McDaniel becomes the first African American to win an Academy Award (Best Supporting Actress). Gone with the Wind won an additional seven Oscars.
- 1940 - Finland initiates Winter War peace negotiations
- 1944 - World War II: The Admiralty Islands are invaded in the American General Douglas MacArthur-led Operation Brewer.
- 1952 - The island of Heligoland is restored to German authority.
- 1960 - An earthquake in Morocco kills over 3,000 people and nearly destroys Adagir in the southern part of the country.
- 1964 - In Sydney, Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser sets a new world record in the 100-meter freestyle swimming competition (58.9 seconds).
- 1972 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - South Korea withdraws 11,000 of its 48,000 troops from Vietnam.
- 1972 - Hank Aaron becomes the first player in the history of Major League Baseball to sign a $200,000 contract.
- 1984 - Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau announces he will retire as soon as the Liberals can elect another leader.
- 1988 - The soap opera Day by Day premieres on NBC.
- 1988 - South African archbishop Desmond Tutu is arrested along with 100 clergymen during a five-day anti-apartheid demonstration in Cape Town
- 1996 - Novelist Joan Collins wins US$1 million from Random House for breach of contract.
- 1996 - A plane crash in the Peruvian Andes kills 123 people.
- 2004 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide resigns as President of Haiti following popular rebel uprising.
- 1468 - Pope Paul III
- 1692 - John Byrom, poet
- 1736 - Ann Lee, founder of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing ("Shakers") (d. 1784)
- 1792 - Gioacchino Rossini, composer (d. 1868)
- 1840 - John Philip Holland, developer of the first submarine (d. 1914)
- 1860 - Herman Hollerith, statistician (d. 1929)
- 1896 - Morarji Desai, politician (d. 1995)
- 1904 - Jimmy Dorsey, bandleader (d. 1957)
- 1904 - Pepper Martin, baseball player (d. 1965)
- 1908 - Balthus, painter (d. 2001)
- 1908 - Dee Brown, writer, historian (d. 2002)
- 1916 - Dinah Shore, singer (d. 1994)
- 1920 - Howard Nemerov, American, winner of the Pulitzer Prize (d. 1991)
- 1924 - Al Rosen, baseball player
- 1936 - Henri Richard, ice hockey player
- 1940 - Patriarch Bartholomew I
- 1952 - Tim Powers, writer
- 1952 - Bart Stupak, U.S. politician
- 1956 - Randy Jackson, American musician, American Idol judge
- 1956 - Bob Speller, Canadian politician
- 1956 - Aileen Carol Wuornos, serial killer
- 1960 - Tony Robbins, motivational speaker
- 1972 - Antonio Sabato Jr, actor
- 1960 - Richard Ramirez, serial killer
- 1972 - Pedro Zamora, AIDS activist
- 1976 - Ja Rule, rapper/actor
- 1980 - Simon Gagné, ice hockey player
Holidays and observances
- Bahá'í Faith - Day 4 of Ayyám-i-Há (Intercalary Days) (in leap years only) - days in the Bahá'í calendar devoted to service and gift giving.
February 28 - (February 30) - March 1 - January 29 - March 29 -- listing of all days