Here in the US we have a split phase, that's true. The "Neutral" is a center point of ONE phase of a transformer, so both ends are not "180 degrees out of phase", they are the same phase, just opposite ends. I know, it's semantics, but it's important to be correct.
If you have a device that needs 240V (220, 230, 240V is all nominally the same), the device generally will not care if that is derived as 1 phase and a neutral as you find elsewhere in the world, or 2 ends of the same phase as you find here, just so long as the voltage measured between the two lines reads 240V. But here in the US, if you are using 240V, you are REQUIRED to have over Current Protective Devices (OCPDs, i.e. fuses or a circuit breaker) on EACH of the ungrounded conductors. You can however CONTROL a 240V device by switching only one leg. Many people get this confused and think that they can use a single pole breaker to feed a 240V device, because they see a single pole switch controlling it. But that's an incorrect assumption. 2 poles of protection, regardless of how it's controlled.
If the device in question has no need for 120V inside of it, you do not need the Neutral conductor brought out to it. So your Bosch power tool is fine with just the 2 hot wires going to it, plus a safety ground (unless it is "double insulted, in which case it will have a 2 pin plug on it)).
GROUND however is not the same as Neutral, even though they are usually at the same potential. Neutral is considered a "Current Carrying Conductor" and must be insulated, Ground is a SAFETY conductor and must NOT carry any current unless these is an accident. You cannot use the Ground wire as a Neutral connection. People do it all the time, but every one of them is illegal...