Polycystic kidney disease is a hereditary kidney disease, it is a congenital anomaly. Its formation is mainly renal parenchyma and structural developmental disorders, often bilateral, bilateral involvement of varying degrees.
The renal tissue of polycystic kidney is covered with cysts of different size on cortex and medulla. Vesicles occupy much larger volumes than the parenchymal portion of the kidney, its shape resembles a cluster of grapes. Kidney size significantly increased, the kidney section of the cyst containing light yellow colloidal liquid. Because of internal bleeding it can be red or brown, containing a small amount of protein, chloride, cholesterol and a small amount of urea. If there is calcium salt deposition shows turbidity. Cysts can communicate with each other, but can not be connected with the renal pelvis. The cyst oppresses the renal tissue, resulting in atrophy and hardening of the renal tubules, loss of the glomerulus, and impaired kidney function. But also oppression of renal vascular or associated with renal arteriosclerosis. The disease is one of the common causes of chronic renal failure. Any age can occur, the majority of infants and older than 40 years of age, the incidence of men and women is similar.
The main symptoms of the disease are waist discomfort or pain, lumbar mass, microscopic or gross hematuria, proteinuria, easy to complicated by renal infection, about 70% to 75% of patients with elevated blood pressure, causing headache dizziness and other symptoms.
The cause of elevated blood pressure is renal cysts that suppress surrounding renal tissue and secrete excessive renin, which leads to renal hypertension. Some patients after surgery, blood pressure can be restored to normal. But if the treatment is not timely, loss of surgical treatment opportunities, blood pressure continued to rise, can cause heart enlargement, heart failure. Some patients progress, kidney tissue compression, renal dysfunction is the emergence of chronic renal insufficiency, eventually leading to uremia.
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