1. Which of the following is an ethical system that states that the good of society is more important than the good of the individual? A. Utilitarianism C. Relativism B. Ethical formalism D. Ethics of care
2. Which of the following is an ethical system that emphasizes that there are universal rights and wrongs? A. Ethics of care C. Relativism B. Egoism D. Natural law
3. Which of the following is an ethical system that stresses not using the individual as a means to an end? A. Natural law C. Ethical formalism B. Utilitarianism D. Egoism
4. Which of the following is an ethical system that’s interested solely in the inherent nature of the act being judged? A. Teleological system C. Utilitarianism B. Deontological system D. Ethics of care
5. Which of the following systems doesn’t depend on universal rules? A. Religion C. Ethical formalism B. Natural law D. Ethics of care
6. Under which of the following ethical systems is the killing of innocent civilians justifiable? A. Ethics of care C. Utilitarianism B. Ethical formalism D. Religion
7. You’re a police officer who has been using an informant to infiltrate a dangerous gang that imports guns into your state. You know that the informant has been coming very close to getting caught lately and is currently under the suspicion of a powerful gang member. He’s in grave danger, yet he has been getting great information for you lately. You nevertheless send him in without a gun or weapon in order not to blow his undercover status. Which of the following ethical systems most clearly wouldn’t allow this? A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism B. Egoism D. Natural law
8. You share custody of your children with your wife. But you found out that lately your wife has been using drugs and alcohol. When she’s strung out, she beats the children. The judge refused to listen to your claim because your wife has a skillful lawyer who is able to hide this information. In addition, your children are afraid to speak out against their mother. Out of concern for their welfare, you kidnap your children and take them to a different state to hide them from their mother’s abuse. Which ethical system would justify this action? A. Rule utilitarianism C. Ethical formalism B. Ethics of care D. Ethics of virtue
9. Which of the following is an ethical system that holds morals and values to be culture-specific? A. Religion C. Natural law B. Relativism D. Ethical formalism
10. Which of the following is a research finding from Carol Gilligan? A. There are sex differences between men and women when it comes to morality. B. There are no sex differences between men and women when it comes to morality. C. There are only negligible sex differences in terms of morality between men and women. D. There are sex differences in terms of morality between boys and girls, but they even out in adulthood.
11. The theory of stages of moral development is attributed to which of the following authors? A. Karl Menninger C. Jeremy Bentham B. Emmanuel Kant D. Lawrence Kohlberg
12. One reason we give to charity is because we’ve learned that we get a reward in the form of goodwill and self-satisfaction from giving. Which psychological theory of morality postulates this dynamic? A. Moral stage theory C. Learning theory B. Predeterminers theory D. Utility theory
13. Which ethical system holds that people should be ethical because the world works better and it’s rational to do one’s duty? A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism B. Ethics of care D. Egoism
14. Which of these ethical systems is more intuitive than rational? A. Ethical formalism C. Rule utilitarianism B. Ethics of care D. Act utilitarianism
15. Welfare-state provided benefits are an example of ________ justice. A. commutative C. distributive B. corrective D. natural
16. Which of the following is associated with transactions in which one person feels unfairly treated? A. Commutative justice C. Distributive justice B. Corrective justice D. Natural justice
17. Which of the following is associated with the determination of and methods of punishment? A. Commutative justice C. Distributive justice B. Corrective justice D. Natural justice
18. Under which theory of justice can a poor person stealing food best be justified? A. Corrective justice C. Ethical formalism B. Utilitarianism D. Marxism
19. Under which theory of justice can an actor making $25 million for one year’s work be best justified? A. Egalitarianism C. Egoism B. Rawls’s theory D. Marxism
20. A hypothetical legislature is trying to pass a tax cut. The legislators are working very hard to try to apportion the cut equally among all people, no matter what their individual income levels are. But this plan doesn’t work out equally. So the legislators decide to give the largest portion of the tax cut to the poorest people in the state. Which theory of justice would most support this action? A. Natural law C. Ethical formalism B. Rawls’s theory D. Utilitarianism
1. A. Utilitarianism
2. D. Natural law
3. B. Utilitarianism
4. B. Deontological system
5. D. Ethics of care
6. D. Religion
7. C. Utilitarianism
8. D. Ethics of virtue
9. B. Relativism
10. A. There are sex differences between men and women when it comes to morality.
11. D. Lawrence Kohlberg
12. D. Utility theory
13. B. Ethics of care
14. C. Rule utilitarianism
15. C. distributive
16. C. Distributive justice
17. B. Corrective justice
18. B. Utilitarianism
19. C. Egoism
20. B. Rawls’s theory
Idk why it didnt post all questions but can you do this one too, and two others
1. Which of the following is an element of community policing?
A. Maintaining an anonymous relationship with the community
B. Focusing on emergency response
C. Encouraging citizens to help in preventing and solving
D. Moving decision making and discretion upward to office
2. Which of the following is an element of the theory of policing
as a crime control force?
A. Police officers are soldiers in a war against crime.
B. Criminals can be basically good people who have gone
C. Police officers aren't the only experts in society who
understand the enemy.
D. Police officers must "follow the book" and not exercise
their own discretion when on the streets.
3. Which of the following holds that each citizen gives up complete liberty in return for
societal protection against others?
A. Natural law theory C. Police as a public servant
B. Social contract D. Rawls's theory
4. The formal law enforcement code of ethics promoted by the International Association
of Chiefs of Police is what kind of code?
A. One that provides principles or guidelines that relate to the value system of the
B. One that provides mandatory rules of conduct that can serve as the basis of discipline
C. An aspirational code that specifies ideal behavior
D. A general code that vaguely describes the tenets of professional conduct
5. The formal code of ethics for law enforcement stresses which of the following values?
A. Importance of the law C. Egoism
B. Police officers' subculture D. Police officers as crime fighters
6. Which of the following factors drives police actions the most?
A. Code of ethics C. Political pressures
B. Rule book D. Police subculture
7. Which of the following factors is involved in the disparity between police subcultural
values and the code of ethics?
A. Feeling victimized C. Lack of cynicism
B. Feeling like public servants D. A feeling of social belonging
8. Which of the following actions is consistent with the police subculture?
A. Respect for individual rights C. Use of illegal investigation tactics
B. Restraint in the use of force D. Always telling the truth
9. Which of the following factors is universally agreed upon as part of a police officer's
B. Public service
C. Differential treatment of special groups
D. Acceptance of gratuities
10. Which of the following systems of belief justifies the action of an officer who doesn't
issue a ticket to a fellow off-duty officer who was speeding?
A. Utilitarianism C. Ethical formalism
B. Egoism D. Religion
11. Which of the following is condoned in certain situations by some law enforcement
A. Graft C. Bribes
B. Gratuities D. Shakedowns
12. You're a police officer whose partner forgot to read the Miranda rights to a man suspected
of sexually abusing three minors (and almost killing one of them). The suspect
has no remorse. You decide not to admit that he didn't get his Miranda rights because
you don't want to give him a "get-out-of-jail-free card." Which of the following factors
condones this behavior?
A. Police subculture C. Ethics of virtue
B. Formal law enforcement code of ethics D. Ethical formalism
13. Which of the following is not involved in undercover police officer work?
A. Strict enforcement of the code of ethics
B. Loss of identity
C. Sacrifice of personal integrity
D. Observance of or participation in illegal activities
14. Which of the following ethical systems would most likely support the use of informants
A. Ethics of care C. Religious ethics
B. Ethical formalism D. Utilitarian ethics
15. Which of the following statements is true about police officer loyalty?
A. The blue curtain of secrecy is breaking down.
B. The code of silence is mostly a myth.
C. Loyalty is extended in a rational way.
D. Departmental loyalty is mostly a negative factor because it leads to corruption and
16. Under the ethics of care, an intimate relationship between a police officer and a target
of an undercover investigation is
A. unethical, because the relationship between two people is more important than
rights, duties, and laws.
B. ethical, because trust between two people is more important than the social good.
C. ethical, because you can't use a person (through feigned affection, caring) as a
means to an end.
D. unethical, because you can't betray a trust.
17. Under the utilitarian ethical system, investigative deception is
A. ethical because it's good for the individual police officer.
B. ethical because it's the best means to a positive end, such as busting drug sales,
prostitution, and organized-crime activities.
C. unethical because it sets a bad precedent.
D. unethical because you can't use a person or the act of lying as a means to an end.
18. Under the egoism ethical system, gratuities are
A. unethical because you have to be true to your integrity and morals.
B. unethical because you shouldn't tarnish your reputation.
C. ethical because they make you feel good, especially if you feel that the gratuity is
D. ethical because the end result is positive for the entire police department.
19. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Under the formal ethical code, police officers can accept gratuities from business
owners as long as they follow some specific rules.
B. There's a vast difference between the formal code of ethics and actual police
C. If the department head is ethical, then the whole department is ethical.
D. The "blue curtain of silence" has been wiped out in most departments.
20. Which of the following statements is false?
A. Loyalty is crucial to a well-run department.
B. The formal code of ethics aspires to create the ideal police officer.
C. Police discretion is demonstrated through the selection of targeted individuals.
D. Police undercover stings, in which cops set up fencing operations to buy stolen goods,
can be supported by all ethical systems as long as they're good for the community.
1. Which of the following statements applies to the ethical code
A. The Model Rules aren't concerned with behavior.
B. The Model Rules have few similarities to the law enforcement
code of ethics.
C. The Model Rules are concerned with a lawyer's conduct
toward the client and the court.
D. The Model Rules are an aspirational code of ethics.
2. An important assumption in bureaucratic justice is
A. the presumption of innocence.
B. the presumption of guilt.
C. fair but slow processing.
D. that each case is separately judged.
3. A judge's instructions to the jury are crucial in a criminal case because these instructions
A. let the jury know which way the judge is leaning.
B. set up the questions of fact and thus help the jury decide guilt or innocence.
C. set up the legal questions and definitions of the case.
D. explain the unique features of the case.
4. You're an African American defense attorney who has just discovered that your client is
a member of the Ku Klux Klan. When can you pull out of the case?
B. Only after the judge permits you to, based on your mental state
C. Before the case goes to trial
D. Only after you notify your client
5. Your client tells you that she's going to lie during her testimony. What should you do?
B. Tell the judge immediately.
C. Ask her not to lie; if she refuses, tell the judge.
D. Ask her not to lie; if she refuses, withdraw from the case.
6. Which of the following statements applies to lawyer-client confidentiality?
A. A lawyer can't ethically reveal client confidences when the client consents.
B. A lawyer can ethically reveal client confidences when disclosure is required by law
or court order.
C. A lawyer can't ethically reveal client confidences for self-defense against an accusation
of wrongful conduct.
D. A lawyer can ethically reveal client confidences when learning, after the fact, that
the client lied on previous testimony to the court.
7. Under federal sentencing guidelines, conviction of the possession of crack cocaine
receives a sentence that's _______ times longer than that for possession of powder
A. 10 C. 75
B. 25 D. 100
8. The rule of confidentiality _______ to physical evidence.
A. always applies C. sometimes applies
B. never applies D. applies in only one instance
9. If the client drops stolen contraband into the lawyer's lap, the lawyer must
A. return it to the client and ask him or her never to do that again.
B. return it to the client but tell the judge only.
C. offer it to the police.
D. do nothing.
Examination, Lesson 3 47
10. If the client tells the attorney where the murder weapon is and the attorney goes to
check, then the attorney must
A. return the weapon to the client and ask him or her not to display the object again.
B. tell the judge only but not the police.
C. offer the weapon to the police.
11. If an attorney has doubts about the truthfulness of a client's testimony, he or she should
A. not allow the client to go on the stand.
B. tell the judge.
C. offer the information to the police.
D. proceed with the doubtful testimony.
12. Which of the following statements is true about attorney conflict of interest?
A. Lawyers have no conflict-of-interest rules.
B. As long as attorneys can handle themselves professionally, they can represent
clients who may have interests that conflict with their own interests.
C. Defense attorneys can't represent co-defendants in criminal actions.
D. Lawyers can accept clients with conflicting interests as long as they follow the
13. Which of the following statements applies to a zealous defense?
A. The lawyer can destroy the credibility of an honest witness.
B. The lawyer shouldn't engage in motions or actions to intentionally and maliciously
C. The lawyer can intentionally advance unwarranted claims or defenses.
D. The lawyer can knowingly make a false statement of law or fact.
14. Which of the following statements applies to the action of prosecutors?
A. A prosecutor must seek justice, not merely a conviction.
B. A prosecutor has much less discretion than other criminal justice professionals.
C. A prosecutor is allowed to pursue charges when there's no probable cause.
D. A prosecutor has no duty to the public as a representative of the state.
15. Which of the following is the best example of prosecutorial discretion?
A. A prosecutor can knowingly make false statements in the course of plea discussions.
B. A prosecutor can choose whether to charge or not to charge a person.
C. A prosecutor can choose to speak to the media about the character or credibility of
the suspect or witness.
D. A prosecutor can choose to disclose evidence to the defense.
48 Examination, Lesson 3
16. Which of the following statements applies to the judicial process?
A. A prosecutor can communicate with a defendant outside of the presence of the
B. If the defense files a motion requesting pertinent evidence, a prosecutor must hand
C. Specific rules exist concerning when a prosecutor and a judge can discuss an ongoing
case without the presence of a defense attorney.
D. A prosecutor should never take steps to avoid allowing false testimony on the stand.
17. You're a defense attorney with a murder-suspect client who has informed you of
the location of the victims' bodies. Under which ethical system are you justified in
B. Religion D. Ethics of care
18. Which of the ethical systems would most justify defending a client zealously?
A. Ethical formalism C. Egoism
B. Religion D. Ethics of virtue
19. Which of the following statements applies to the use of experts?
A. Paying an expert for his or her time is unethical.
B. Shopping for experts until one is found who benefits the case is ethical.
C. Any pertinent information from prosecution experts is supposed to be shared with
D. Test results by prosecution experts don't have to be shared with the defense.
20. Which of the following statements applies to the behavior of judges?
A. A judge has no duty to conclude judicial processing with reasonable punctuality.
B. The judiciary doesn't have its own code of ethics.
C. The primary theme of judicial ethics is impartiality.
D. Judges have the least discretion in interpreting the law and making sentencing
1. The rationale for punishment and correction comes from
A. the social contract theory.
B. Rawls's theory.
2. The two major justifications for treatment and punishment
A. incapacitation and deterrence.
B. just deserts and retribution.
C. retribution and prevention.
D. restorative justice and prevention.
3. Which of the following statements applies to the retributive rationale for punishment?
A. Justice is based on personal vengeance.
B. Punishment is the only way the individual can achieve salvation.
C. Punishment doesn't balance the advantage gained by a wrongdoer.
D. This rationale is based solely on who the criminal is rather than on the
4. The "just war" is consistent with a system of ethics that follows
A. utilitarianism. C. egoism.
B. ethical formalism. D. cultural relativity.
5. The federal legislation that allows agencies to spy on Americans without reasonable
suspicion is the _______ Act.
A. Total Information Awareness C. Patriot
B. Operation TIPS D. Terrorist
6. Under which rationale is punishing a passion murderer justified?
A. Retribution C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Incapacitation
7. Habitual-felon laws are
A. not widely debated.
B. involved with only the felon's most recent crime.
C. almost universally agreed upon.
D. not unconstitutional.
8. Which ethical system supports the prevention justification for punishment?
A. Ethical formalism C. Utilitarianism
B. Relativism D. Egoism
9. Which ethical system supports the retributive view of punishment?
10. The ethics of care supports which of the following?
A. Treatment C. Deterrence
B. Retributive punishment D. Just deserts
Examination, Lesson 4 63
11. Which of the following statements applies to Rawls's defense of punishment?
A. It's an alternative to utilitarianism and retributivism.
B. It's acceptable to treat people as a means to an end as long as you're trying to
reach a desirable goal.
C. Loss of rights should occur only when it's consistent with the best interests of the
D. Punishment should continue even when the offender instead of the victim or society
becomes the one with the least advantage.
12. Which of the following ethical systems can both support and condemn capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Ethical formalism
B. Retributivism D. Utilitarianism
13. Which of the following statements applies to correctional officers?
A. The correctional officers' code of ethics bears little similarity to the law enforcement
B. The correctional officers' code of ethics emphasizes integrity, protection of individual
rights, and service to the public.
C. The correctional officers' subculture permits lugging drugs and weapons for
D. The correctional officers' subculture is fairly consistent with their formal code
14. A nation's incursion into the sovereignty of another nation under the auspices of a
United Nations treaty is justified under
A. positivist law. C. natural law.
B. just war theory. D. self-defense.
15. Which of the following rationales would support capital punishment?
A. Ethics of care C. Incapacitation
B. Retributivism D. Religion
16. Which of the following systems of belief is concerned with making victims whole, as
they were before the crime?
A. Retributivism C. Restorative justice
B. Deterrence D. Treatment
17. Detainees in Guantanamo have the right to challenge their detention in United States
federal courts under the U.S. Supreme Court case of
A. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. C. Bin Laden v. Gonzalez.
B. Clark v. Martinez. D. Rasul v. Bush.
64 Examination, Lesson 4
18. Which of the following actions applies to the correctional officers' code of ethics?
A. Acceptance of gifts, services, or favors
B. Protection of the public's right to be safeguarded from criminal activity
C. Use of discretion regarding objectivity
D. Support of officer sanctions against inmates on a case-by-case basis
19. The "war on terror" has replaced the
A. crime control emphasis of police.
B. "war on drugs."
C. "race for space."
D. Cold War.
20. Which of the following applies to the subculture of probation and parole officers?
A. A norm of optimism regarding clients exists.
B. A norm against informing on fellow officers exists.
C. A norm of maximal work output exists.
D. A norm of group versus individual decisions exists
I appreciate your response, also encounter a bit hard to accept that all the 60 ethic responses were incorrect. Thanks for the feedback.