Bear, Connors and Paradiso describe in depth the electrical behaviour of the neuron. This depends upon a 20:1 concentration within the cytoplasm of potassium ions AND chloride ions. All subsequent activity revolves around potassium and sodium ion channels and pumps. No mention is given of how the initial chloride concentration is created and its subsequent regulation. Obviously there has to be a chloride pump but there’s no mention of it. Any help would be appreciated.