Deep decarbonization requires insights and access to low carbon fuels.
Fuels (molecules) are and will continue to be important supplements to electricity for end users. Even with increased electrification, there are several applications that will continue to rely on molecules, also in a carbon natural energy system.
Low carbon fuels entail both decarbonization of fossil fuels with CCS, as well as synthetic fuels generated from biomass, waste materials or low carbon power. All low carbon fuels contain hydrogen in some form. Hence the production, conversion and transport of hydrogen and different hydrogen carriers are fundamental building blocks for low carbon fuels.
What are the transitional fuels and what are the end state fuels? How to source energy for a new fleet of trucks or deep sea tankers in the 2030s? How to enable decarbonization of existing gas infrastructure? How to source low carbon fuels as industrial feedstock?