The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
SECOND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Time when human beings first domesticated animals and plants and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family.
Reproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which results from sexual fertilization.
A form of subsistance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to the other; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to aviod exhausting the soil.
Another namec for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegitation and burning the debris.
INTENSIVE SUBSISTANCE AGRICULTURE
A form of subsistance agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations .
A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because "truck" was a Middle English word meaning "bartering" or the exchange of commodities
Degradition of land, especially in semiarid areas primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting animal grazing, and tree cutting.
HUNTING AND GATHERING
The killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, nuts, and and other plants for sustenance
FIRST AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
The shuft from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
In shifting cultivation, spreads out production over the farming season by planting different crops in the same field
A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter
A form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes
Foods that are mostly products of organisms that have had their genes altered in a labratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictibility, and efficiency
VON THUNEN MODEL
A model that explains the location of agricultureal activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market