Wentworth Woodhouse in Yorkshire, the longest if not the largest country house in England, has been a problem ever since the late Manny Shinwell, Attlee’s Minister of fuel and power, in a one-sided skirmish in the class war, ordered its park to be dug up for open-cast coal mining shortly after the Second World War. The Fitzwilliams gave up the house soon after that and, as it was then far too much for the National Trust to take on, it became a teacher training college. Two subsequent private owners lacked the resources to maintain let alone restore this monster of a house, which has a principal façade some 600 feet long and contains 365 rooms. Shorn of most of its estate, which is located not far from Sheffield, until this year its future seemed bleak.
Its architectural history is complicated, but essentially Wentworth Woodhouse consists of two large country houses placed back to back, both built in the early 18th century by the same man, Thomas Watson-Wentworth, later the first Marquess of Rockingham. The first house, facing west, was a remodelling of 1725–34 of an earlier house. This building is vigorously and happily Baroque, described as ‘gay and profusely decorated’ by Nikolaus Pevsner, who thought it influenced by Austria and Bohemia. The second house, more a long screen facing east, was begun in 1734 and reflects a lamentable shift in taste. Inspired by Wanstead in Essex, the first great Palladian mansion in the country, its centre, with a grand Corinthian portico, is 19 bays wide, flanked by lower ranges of 11 bays each, with pavilion towers beyond. Impressive in ambition, it is also tediously repetitive and suggests how uncritical was the British devotion to Palladianism and the architectural prejudices of Lord Burlington.
But that is no reason not to want to save it. And now it has been saved. Fresh from his triumph in establishing the trust which now runs Dumfries House, Marcus Binney, the heroic president of SAVE Britain’s Heritage, was instrumental in setting up the Wentworth Woodhouse Preservation Trust which, after initial hiccups, has succeeded in buying the house from the family of its last owner for £7 million. The National Heritage Memorial Fund came up with £3.5 million, further essential support came from other charitable trusts while, to everyone’s surprise, the Chancellor of the Exchequer managed to find £7.6 million for urgent repairs. When Historic England has been starved of funds for grants for other, less grand and aristocratic historic buildings, perhaps this unexpected generosity reflects the snobbery which still besets part of the conservation world, but it is none the less most welcome.
What now makes the future of Wentworth Woodhouse viable is the practical business sense which characterises many of SAVE’s projects: the north wing will be used for events; the stable court for small businesses while conversion of parts of the building into flats and homes will bring in necessary income. As for the great state rooms – the Pillared Hall, the Marble Saloon, the Statuary Room and the rest – described by Pevsner as ‘of a quite exceptional value… not easily matched anywhere in England,’ they will be open to the public in partnership with the National Trust.
In a time of austerity, this imaginative solution to the problem of this preposterous but beautiful private palace – Yorkshire’s Versailles – gives cause for optimism and celebration. The last word should go to Marcus Binney: ‘This is a triumph against all the odds. It is a deal which the lawyers advised was so complicated it could never normally be done. It has taken five years of sustained hard work to secure support, but we have learnt over 40 years that however hopeless or impossible the battle for a great historic building may seem we should never give up.’