with relatives they meet in their new world.
The key unifying principle of all microarray experiments is that labeled nucleic acid molecules in solution hybridize
, with high sensitivity and specificity, to complementary sequences immobilized on a solid substrate, thus facilitating parallel quantitative measurement of many different sequences in a complex mixture (20,21).
Experimental crossbreeding in the past 15 years showed that many of these mass-spawning species could hybridize
But when wasps of the two species meet in the lab, they don't hybridize
Isolated pieces of RNA are labeled with a fluorescent dye and then allowed to hybridize
to chips, each of which is studded with up to 40 oligonucleotides complementary to each of the 6,200 specific yeast genes and open reading frames (areas that are likely to be protein-coding regions of the genome).
Because Ts tend to bond with As, and Cs with Gs, a single strand of DNA will join, or hybridize
, with a strand that has its complementary series of bases.
Says Jett, "[The device] could require a purified culture, but we're also working on second-color detection, where we can hybridize
a probe to measure not only the length of a given fragment, but to know that particular fragments contain particular sequences, and really refine detection." (Nicholson believes much more work is needed to deal with the complexity of an actual unpurified specimen.) The system will also need access to a large-scale database for rapid comparison of samples with existing patterns.
Since A binds only to T and G only to C, the nucleotide sequence ATTCG will only hybridize
to TAAGC, its complementary sequence.
Two studies published earlier this year suggest Africanized queens don't hybridize
with their European cousins.
The films hybridize
science fiction, adventure, documentary, and fantasy in complex, nonlinear narratives.
Which may be why Morimura's games within the Western imaginary are so intense: they have behind them the momentum of a whole culture's drive to modernize, and hybridize