This is my school assignment I drafted on my blog because I like writing it on here more than in Word or Google doc.
Funding bike plans is not a one-size-fit-all meaning that federal, state, local/regional, as well as private sources often work together, doubling its effect to fund for the plan as it often require a lot of money, but still less than let’s say a high way project.
The type of funding needs will depends on the type of the project, whether that just be drawing small bike lane on a few block of the neighbored or having to expand the street to adding bike lanes will will require more construction and thereforeand therefore also depends if there is funding available too., fund availability, or expediency, which is a mean to achieving an end.
Several sources will often be used. The choice depends on the availability of particular funds, the nature of the projects, and how fast are these funds are available.
Advocacy Advance is an organization that mostly used federally funded source to help local communities and organizations fight to persuade their states and local governments for a bike plan. They’ll help the local governments with how to extend those federal funds for infrastructure projects. As well as help build campaign for an actual proven plans or starting ballots for when lawmakers are not serving the community interest. Campaign – to implement a plan to get community on board with the plan.
Ballot – start the plan for voting, making the plan more official
One of the leaders to use federal funds to pay for bike lanes is Memphis, TN. They used Fereal program such as Surface Transportation Program (STP), the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ), and the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP).
STP – give fund for state and local community to improve Federal-aid highway, bridge and tunnel projects on any public road, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and transit capital projects, including intercity bus terminals.
CMAQ – funding source to State and local governments for transportation projects and programs that meet the requirement of the Clean Air Act. Funding is available to reduce congestion and improve air quality for areas that do not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter (nonattainment areas) and for former nonattainment areas that are now in compliance (maintenance areas).
HSIP – is core Federal-aid program with the purpose to achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads, including non-State-owned roads and roads on tribal land.
Eugene, OR used a state bicycle and pedestrian grant to build its first separated infrastructure.
Development impact fees are one- time charges collected from developers for financing new infrastructure construction and operations.
A bond is an investment that works like an IOU. It’s a loan to a company or government that pays investors a fixed rate of return over a specific term.
Many U.S. states and cities have funded transportation projects through local taxes and bonds approved by eligible voters.
General Revenue is a unallocated funds collected by the local and states from business and property owner. These are the money that can be used for any purposes (homeless shelter).