Asthma (Asthma) is a chronic disease (chronic) that attacks the respiratory tract (bronchiale) in the lung where there is inflammation (inflammation) bronchiale cavity wall, resulting in constriction of the airways that eventually someone is experiencing shortness of breath. Asthma is most prevalent in developed countries, especially the high levels of air pollution both from fumes and dust of the desert.
Causes of Asthma
Until now the cause of asthma is not known with certainty despite having a lot of research by experts. Theory or hypothesis about the cause of a person suffering from asthma has not been agreed upon by experts in the world of health.
However, that can be concluded is that the respiratory tract in patients with asthma have distinct characteristics which are very sensitive to various stimuli (bronchial hyperreactivity = hipereaktivitas airways) such as air pollution (smoke, dust, chemicals), pollen, cold air, food, furry animals, mental stress, odor / aroma stinging (eg, perfume) and sports.
In addition the occurrence of asthma attacks as a result of the impact the patient experienced an upper respiratory infection (ARI) either flu or sinisitis. Asthma attacks can also be experienced by some women the days of the menstrual cycle, it is extremely rare.
Increased rates of asthma was associated with the presence of risk factors that support a person suffering from asthma, such as heredity. If a mother or father suffered from asthma, it is likely that the existence of people with asthma in the family members.
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
The signs and symptoms of asthma include:
- Respiratory sounds (wheezing / wheeze / asthma), especially when breathing out (exhalation). Not all asthmatics have respiratory sounds, and not everyone is breathing terdegar wheezing is asthma!
- There is shortness of breath due to narrowing of the bronchi channel (bronchiale).
- Prolonged cough at night or in cold weather.
- The complaints of patients who experience chest narrow .
- Severe asthma attack caused people unable to speak because of difficulty in breathing.
At the age of the children, initial symptoms may include itching dirongga chest or neck. During an asthma attack, a sense of excessive anxiety of patients can worsen keadaanya. As a reaction to anxiety, patients will also be spending a lot of sweat.
How to Avoid Asthma Attacks
Appropriate steps can be taken to avoid an asthma attack is away from the underlying factors that trigger asthma attacks itself. Each patient generally has its own characteristics to things that trigger asthma attacks.
Upon the occurrence of asthma attacks, if the patient can breathe a sigh of relief was felt to be but it is advisable to continue the treatment according to the drug and the dosage given by a physician.
Handling and Treatment of Asthma
Asthma (Asthma) has yet to be treated completely, this means that asthma attacks can occur in the future. Handling and delivery of medicines to patients with asthma is an act of assault arising overcome which adjusted to the severity of signs and symptoms themselves. The basic principle is the treatment of asthma attacks by administering drugs either injections (Hydrocortisone), syrup, Ventolin (Salbutamol) or nebulizer (gas salbutamol) to help loosen respiratory tract.
In mild cases where the perceived existence of a complaint that lead to the symptoms of asthma attacks or to prevent further attacks, the medical team or doctor will prescribe tablets as Aminophylin and Prednisolone. For people with asthma, it is recommended to them to provide / keep inhaled medications (Ventolin Inhaler) wherever they are, who can help loosen respiratory tract where they have the attack occurred.