The essential feature of Substance Dependence is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems.The first use of nicotine, physical effects increase the likelihood of repeated nicotine consumption. Nicotine binds to cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. In response to repeated nicotine use, the receptors rapidly desensitize and increase in number, and both these phenomena conspire to increase the addictive power of nicotine. Dopaminergic neurons within the nucleus accumbens (a brain structure associated with rewards and reinforcement) are activated by projections from nicotine-stimulated neurons.
Many treatments, including nicotine replacement therapy and non-nicotine medications, have been approved as safe and effective in treating nicotine dependence. Using more than one medication may help you get better results. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the Spain. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), cigarette smoking results in more than 480,000 premature deaths in the United States each year—about 1 in every 5.There is a high rate of smoking among Argentine students, especially females.