Types of Auditory Processing Disorder
Categories and Sub Types of APD
There are five main types of auditory processing disorder, all defined based on varying symptoms. Auditory Processing Disorder will not present the same way in every child and usually exists as a blend of difficulties. The types of APD are:
- Auditory hypersensitivity — poor tolerance for background sounds.
- Phonetic decoding — an inability to listen to language at natural language speed.
- Auditory integration — slowness in integrating things heard with things seen.
- Prosodic — processing inefficiency that makes it hard to think while listening.
- Organizational deficit – physical organization, planning delays.
Auditory hypersensitivity is sometimes called tolerance-fading memory. Symptoms include:
- Does not hear well in busy or noisy environment
- Often misses steps when listening to multiple step directions
- Often seems to “ignore” people due to need to concentrate hard to understand a speaker
- Unusually forgetful of memorized information (such as multiplication tables, correct spelling) or household routines, despite frequent reminders
These symptoms of Tolerance-Fading Memory all relate to difficulty capturing and processing information in the first place due to intolerance to background noise. This lack of “capture” practice does however also mean working memory and longer term memory skills are not as well exercised and developed as they should be.
- Difficulty with phonics (sounding out words) approach to reading
- Confuses similar-sounding words; may learn words wrong
- Poor speller: errors phonetically correct (e.g. “littul” for little) or seem random (wrong sounds, sounds/syllables missing/added)
- Problems with speech clarity or articulation, or with grammar, now or in the past
The symptoms of auditory integration deficit include:
- Marked difficulty reading or writing efficiently, despite knowledge of phonics
- Needs to (or should) ask many extra questions to clarify task before starting; “doesn’t get the picture.”
Because auditory processing difficulties of any kind pull brain capacity away from comprehension and “integration,” these integration difficulties are found in most cases of auditory processing disorder.
- Absorbs details and facts, but misses the “big picture”
- Can misjudge speaker’s mood or be unintentionally tactless
- Struggles with cause-and-effect reasoning
The difficulty here is around sequencing, a cognitive skill that impacts not only language, but also multiple-step directions. An important component of processing information is the ability to manipulate and sequence meaningfully. This extends to organizing notes or study materials and planning.
The Gemm Learning Programs
Our program, Fast ForWord, is an intensive intervention to help all types of auditory processing disorder, with specific exercises that work directly on each of the sub-type categories listed above.
Auditory processing programs to help children and adults