What is pneumonia? What are the consequences?
Pneumonia. Symptoms of pneumonia. Treatment of pneumonia. At what age can it begin?
Mycoplasma pneumonias - Pneumonia.
Pneumonia - a frequent pathogen of respiratory infections from a clinical point of view is the most important representative of the Mycoplasma group. Pneumonia spreads when coughing with large drops of mucus. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks. Pneumonia often affects schoolchildren and young adults, but it is possible at any age.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Most often the disease proceeds as acute or subacute tracheobronchitis or as pneumonia.
Symptoms of pneumonia
Headache, weakness, hyperthermia, sore throat and dry, paroxysmal cough, which later becomes productive. As complications of pneumonia of concomitant diseases are noted: otitis media, bullous inflammation eardrum, maculopapular rash on the skin, Multimoulds Nye erythema, sometimes Stevens - Johnson. A rare complication of pneumonia are meningoencephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, radicular syndrome, monoarthritis, myocarditis, coagulopathy, haemolytic anemia, pulmonary edema and hepatitis.
Pneumonia usually stops without treatment after 2-4 weeks, but adequate antibiotic therapy reduces its duration. Erythromycin 500 mg 4 times a day, tetracycline 250 mg four times a day, doxycycline 100 mg 2 times a day for 10-14 days - the recommended schedule for adults. In severe pneumonia, intravenous erythromycin 500 mg after 6 hours. Children younger than 8-10 years old - erythromycin 30-50 mg / kg per day inside for 2 weeks. New drugs from the group of macrolides are active against mycoplasma, but their superiority over erythromycin is not proven.
Source: [link is blocked by the decision of the project administration]
water in the lungs
pneumonia. must be treated. the consequences can be far from pleasant.
¤_ ° The little girl ° _ Ю
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms vprintsype same as bronchitis, unpleasant pain in the chest. If pneumonia does not heal, then the consequence can be brought to a lethal outcome.
This is an inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms: high fever, sore throat. If not treated, the consequences can be very sad. Treatment should be carried out, definitely, with antibiotics
Brother Fox (Fox Li Yin)
temperature, cough, headache, pulmonary insufficiency, phlegm, sore throat
consequences are different. from no to lethal
when the temperature kept below 38 and weakness. then there is a leakage of the lungs. it is the same after not healing
Inflammation: symptoms in children, causes, treatment, consequences
Inflammation of the lungs in medicine is called pneumonia. It is an infection of one or both of the lungs, which is mainly caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi.
In our time, pneumonia is still a dangerous and serious disease. According to statistics, 5% of patients do not suffer this ailment. In the Russian Federation, pneumonia is 6th in the list of fatal diseases. Babies are especially dangerous for pneumonia. Symptoms in children are much less noticeable than in adults, so the disease is always beginning to be eliminated later than necessary, and this complicates treatment. This suggests that the treatment of this disease should be taken seriously, starting with the first stage.
The onset of a disease
There are cases when pneumonia is transmitted by a virus-drop route. This happens during the sneezing of the patient. Its secretions contain microorganisms and bacteria, which contribute to the onset of the inflammatory process in the body of an absolutely healthy person. In other cases, pneumonia occurs due to increased activity of bacteria that are constantly present in the throat and nose of a person. If the body decreases immune defense, it is not able to resist these viruses, so they begin to multiply at a high rate and, getting into the lungs, cause inflammation.
Symptoms of ailment
Symptoms of pneumonia very often resemble the symptoms of flu or colds. If pneumonia is bacterial, the symptoms can manifest as a gradual as well as acutely. These include: fever, severe sweating, chest pain, trembling, coughing with phlegm, cyanoticity (skin discoloration) of the nails and lips, accelerated breathing, accelerated pulse.
If pneumonia is viral, symptoms such as dry cough, fever, weakness, muscle pain, headache, severe shortness of breath and overwork are characteristic.
If the inflammation of the lungs is caused by mycoplasmas, the symptoms are much weaker, but very similar to the signs of viral and bacterial pneumonia. One of the main symptoms is chest pain, which appears when the patient is trying to take a deep breath. Basically, such pain occurs at the location of the main focus of inflammation. Such a sign should unambiguously cause suspicion of pneumonia. Symptoms in children are slightly different and so do not manifest.
Coughing is not an important symptom, as the infection can be far from the respiratory tract.
In recent years, asymptomatic pneumonia is increasingly observed. In this case, the person does not have fever, there is no cough, and, therefore, sputum does not go away. This type of pneumonia is dangerous for big complications, since its treatment begins with a significant delay, because a person does not immediately notice pneumonia in his lungs. Symptoms in children are almost not observed.
Symptoms in children
Often, in small patients, no characteristic symptoms of pneumonia are observed. The most notable signs are lethargy, fever and loss of appetite. But attentive parents can suspect pneumonia from their child, noticing some changes.
Signs of pneumonia in children are not noticeable. But if the child has a body temperature of 3 to 38 degrees, does not get knocked down by any antipyretic agents and this is sweating, weakness and lack of appetite, this may be the first reason to suspect a baby pneumonia.
The breath of the baby is much faster. A baby up to 2 months makes 60 breaths per minute, up to 1 year - 50 breaths, after 1 year - 40 breaths. Very often, the child tries to lie on his own. According to statistics, most often there is a right-sided inflammation of the lungs in a child. In this case, the kid increasingly tries to lie on the left, less painful side.
Also, the rhythm of breathing can be disturbed, a change in the frequency and depth of breathing is observed. In infants, dyspnea manifests by nodding the head in time to the breath, and the child sometimes stretches out his lips or inflates his cheeks.
In this case, the signs of pneumonia in children appear slightly differently. If pneumonia is caused by chlamydia or mycoplasma, the disease initially resembles a cold. There is a runny nose, a sore throat and a dry cough. But there is shortness of breath and a stable high temperature, which should alert the parents.
Character of cough
Sore throat first causes a slight cough, but over time dry cough becomes painful. You can also notice an increase in cough during the baby's feeding or when he cries. Then the cough becomes moist.
The behavior of the child can also be suspected of pneumonia. Symptoms in children are basically similar. The baby becomes sluggish, whiny, capricious. He does not sleep well and refuses to eat. In some cases, pneumonia can cause a child to vomit or diarrhea. In infants, this manifests itself as a rejection of the breast and regurgitation of food.
Inflammation of the lungs without fever
With this type of pneumonia, the same symptoms are observed as in the usual course of the disease. There is weakness and dyspnea, sweating, a cough, but there is no temperature reaction. Under what circumstances does this inflammation occur? Symptoms without a temperature are usually observed if the activity of the immune system is lowered. This situation is also terrible because the severity of the patient's condition can only be determined with additional diagnosis.
Pneumonia without fever occurs most often due to undigested bronchitis, which then flows smoothly into pneumonia. This is due to the fact that the body is already saturated with a number of anti-inflammatory drugs, and the newly flared infection can not adequately respond.
Causes of pneumonia
In children, the disease most often develops as a result of a viral infection, for example, respiratory or adenovirus. Also, pneumonia can trigger a banal flu.
In addition, pneumonia is caused by a bacterium. The main pathogens of pneumonia in a child are streptococcus pneumonia, hemophilic rod, and staphylococci.
Infection of the lungs can be done by inhaling bacteria and viruses that are constantly present in the throat or nose of the child. These viruses and bacteria can also spread by airborne droplets, for example, by sneezing or coughing.
There are four main factors that can contribute to the onset of pneumonia:
1. Weakened immune system of the baby, which is observed due to improper or inadequate nutrition. Very often this applies to infants who do not receive breast milk as the main form of feeding. In this case, an inconspicuous inflammation of the lungs may develop. Symptoms without fever often appear precisely because of this factor.
2. Preceding diseases. They can act otitis, bronchitis, as well as frequent ARI.
3. Ecological environment. Such risk factors may include:
- contaminated indoor air;
- overcrowded dwellings;
- smoky air in the room, etc.
4. Freezing. Very often, inflammation of the lungs in children occurs due to hypothermia. Most of all it concerns freezing of feet.
The most common bilateral inflammation of the lungs in children, the elderly or in patients whose health was weakened by chronic ailments. The disease develops most often during staphylococcal pneumonia, but also bilateral inflammation can occur due to the patient's being in a state of immobility. Begins bilateral pneumonia usually in people who have suffered a viral infection. Symptoms of this disease are high body temperature and shortness of breath, wet cough, headache and confusion.
It should be remembered that pneumonia is a disease that can not be treated independently under any circumstances! To eliminate pneumonia, you need the professionalism of the doctor, his experience, as well as the ability to competently use modern antibacterial drugs. Many patients who do not know how to treat pneumonia are often trusted in advertising. So do not be categorically! It must be remembered that such drugs do not affect the outcome of the disease, but only alleviate the symptoms.
It is very rare that pneumonia passes by itself, without treatment. But in most cases, inflammation of the lungs leads to such phenomena that can not only disrupt the patient's ability to work, but also put his life at risk. It should also be noted that in our time there are modern effective and safest antibiotics. This allows the doctor to prescribe the patient a successful treatment at home, but on condition that the patient is given appropriate care. But if this is an inflammation of the lungs in children, the treatment is carried out only in a hospital under the constant supervision of an experienced specialist until complete recovery. This is due to the fact that children's pneumonia is more difficult to treat, and it is also difficult to calculate the symptoms of the disease.
Than to be treated?
If pneumonia has an easy form, it is quite acceptable to have outpatient treatment (at home). But at the same time the patient must follow the prescription of the doctor without question, in order to avoid complications, because the acute form of the disease with improper treatment can very quickly develop into a chronic one.
First of all, it must be ensured that bed rest is maintained throughout the period of intoxication and fever. As for medicines, the main role is given to antibacterial drugs. An important point is that, given the individual characteristics of the patient, the doctor appoints him exactly the antibiotic that is low-toxic and most active. The method and dose of administration of the drug into the body is also determined by the doctor, since he knows better how to treat the inflammation of the lungs of a particular patient. For example, if pneumonia occurs in mild form, the patient is given a drug for oral use. In the event that the form of the disease is severe, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
In combination with drugs, other agents can be used, for example, mustard wraps, electrophoresis, ultraviolet irradiation, respiratory gymnastics, etc. In addition, medical practice makes it possible to use phytotherapeutic agents. For example, the infusion of the root of the drug althea helps with a strong cough.
An important role is played by the food ration. In the menu must necessarily be present fats, proteins and carbohydrates in sufficient volume. The patient should also drink plenty of fluids - up to 3 liters a day. Most useful are vegetable, fruit and berry juices, as well as vitamin teas and cranberry juice.
It should be borne in mind that with the intake of antibiotics, bowel function is disrupted, so the patient should consume foods such as prunes, kefir, boiled beets, rhubarb compote.
Effects of pneumonia in children
It can be said that the timely treatment of pneumonia in children does not leave any consequences. But there are situations when the disease begins to heal when it is already progressing. Under such circumstances, it is much more difficult to stop the process, so complications of various kinds may arise. For example, pleurisy, pulmonary edema or lung tissue abscess.
Also, the inflammatory process in the lungs can affect neighboring organs. This threatens the appearance of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), and in the most severe cases can lead to meningitis.
It should be remembered that a timely call to the doctor provides the patient with adequate therapy. If a child or an adult has the right care, pneumonia will not lead to serious complications. This suggests that if there is at least the slightest suspicion of this ailment, do not delay with a visit to the doctor. This will help not only to cure the patient more quickly and painlessly, but also to save his life.
Focal pneumonia and its consequences
It is an inflammatory process that takes place in the lungs and that captures small areas of lung tissue. Focal pneumonia and its consequences is one of the types of acute pneumonia. Most often the inflammatory process begins in the bronchi, the focal form still has the name - bronchopneumonia. In medical practice, there are three types of focal pneumonia: small-focal, large-focal and draining.
Focal pneumonia - a characteristic of the disease
Focal pneumonia can begin sharply: with fever, chills, coughing, headache, weakness. Sputum can be mucous, purulent, mucopurulent. The temperature of focal pneumonia may increase to 39 degrees, and in older people it can be quite normal or increase to subfebrile digits. Fever lasts with antibacterial therapy for no more than 5 days.
In patients with large focal pneumonia, dyspnoea and cyanosis are often observed. The results of the physical examination are very diverse. When the inflammatory focus with focal pneumonia is located in the center, the physical data are scant. In the peripheral location of inflammation, the areas that are blunt with percussion sound are identified, which alternate with normal pulmonary sound. When auscultation against a background of hard breathing, moist wheezes are heard on separate sites. When draining in focal pneumonia, when the inflammatory process captures most of the lobe, when a physical examination, identify changes that are usually observed in croupous pneumonia. When focal pneumonia is detected, absent-minded dry rales are often listened to, and when dry pleurisy joins the disease, then a pleural friction noise is heard.
Focal pneumonia and its consequences
With focal pneumonia, there are changes in the cardiovascular system: tachycardia, muffled I tone at the apex, widening of the percutaneous boundaries. In most patients with X-ray examination, such effects of focal pneumonia as moderate or low intensity darkening with uneven contours are observed. Such changes can be observed against peribronchial or perivascular infiltration, but when Acinus is affected, small foci of inflammation can not always be detected with an X-ray survey.
When focal pneumonia has a croupiform shape, it is often possible to observe an increase in the shadow of the roots of the lung. In the patient's blood leucocytosis is found, the number of leukocytes is not changed, but sometimes there is leukopenia, ESR is increased. To date, the effects of focal pneumonia are much less common, the use of antibiotic therapy produces positive results and leads to the localization of symptoms.
Bilateral pneumonia: symptoms, causes, treatment. Two-sided pneumonia in children
Bilateral pneumonia is an acute inflammatory process that passes into the lungs, and the cause is the pathogenic microflora. It is she who breaks through the immune mechanisms of body protection and is accompanied by the defeat of respiratory organs. Today we find out what are the causes and consequences of this ailment, and we will find out how we can overcome this disease so that complications do not arise.
Two-sided pneumonia: medical history and dangers
The greatest threat is that the lungs with the wrong treatment are not able to cope with their main function - gas exchange, resulting in the body there is oxygen starvation. And this, in turn, greatly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
When a person is treated allegedly for a cold, and he is not helped by expectorants and antipyretic drugs, but to the doctor he does not go for certain reasons, sometimes there is a temptation to buy antibiotics on his own by the advice of pharmacists. However, this self-treatment can lead to intestinal dysbiosis, since such strong drugs kill not only pathogenic, but also useful microorganisms. And an uncontrolled intake of antibiotics can dramatically reduce the protective functions of the body and lead to a chronic course of the disease.
Causes of appearance
Bilateral pneumonia is common in children under the age of 15 years. In adults, this ailment is rarely diagnosed. Many factors contribute to the appearance of this disease, such as:
- bacterial infections;
- weakened protective functions against the background of viruses;
- complications after the transferred diseases;
- heart failure;
- persistent diseases of the respiratory system (sinusitis, bronchitis, asthma);
- bad ecology;
- supercooling or, conversely, overheating.
Two-sided pneumonia has such characteristic features as:
- increase in body temperature above 38 degrees;
- Shortness of breath;
- dry cough or with phlegm;
- the appearance of blue around the lips, at the fingertips;
hard, heavy breathing;
- weakness, lack of appetite.
The first symptom - a rise in temperature - would seem to be suitable for a normal viral infection. However, in order to recognize bilateral pneumonia, it is necessary to follow not the indication of the thermometer, but the duration of the fever. For microbial inflammation of the lungs, a prolonged occurrence of body temperature within 39 degrees is typical.
The main sign that you need to pay attention to is the presence of dyspnea.
Cough in the first days of the disease can be dry, and with the resolution of acute inflammation it will become wet.
Bilateral pneumonia, the symptoms of which are described above, is a dangerous disease. Therefore, if a child has such signs, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor, and not engage in self-medication.
Two-sided pneumonia is characterized by certain symptoms that you already know. However, in order to establish the correct diagnosis and the appointment of a doctor, the doctor will need to undergo additional examination methods, and this:
- X-ray of the lungs - it is the basis of diagnosis.
- Examination of sputum, which is collected by cough. This study allows you to identify the causative agent of this ailment.
- General blood analysis.
As already mentioned above, bilateral pneumonia consequences can have the saddest. Complications of this ailment are the following:
- Inflammation of the membrane covering the organs in the thorax (pleura).
- Pulmonary edema.
- Impaired breathing.
- Appearance of abscess in the lungs.
Treatment of adults
Sometimes you need to place a sick person in a hospital. The basis of treatment - antibacterial drugs, which are selected by the doctor. In addition, the doctor attributes expectorant, antipyretic, antihistamines.
Features of treatment:
1. Strict adherence to sick bed rest.
2. Human nutrition should be high-calorie.
3. Copious drinking is compulsory.
4. To strengthen immunity, vitamin therapy is carried out.
5. At the doctor's discretion, oxygen inhalation may be administered to the patient.
6. When an adult is on the mend, he is credited with holding special breathing exercises and physiotherapy.
7. After full recovery the patient during the year is registered with a polyclinic at the place residence, he pays from time to time blood and sputum tests, is on time fluorographic examination.
How to treat bilateral pneumonia in children?
Depending on the severity of the disease, children can be treated both in the hospital and at home. However, in mandatory hospitalization, these categories of children need:
- Weakened babies who have chronic diseases;
- boys and girls with a severe and complicated course of the disease;
- Children who were prescribed treatment by a local doctor, but it did not bring any results;
- Sick babies, who will not be able to provide sufficient care at home.
If the doctor allows to treat the child at home, then the parents must strictly follow the following rules:
1. Provide sick sickly bed rest and care. The kid must lie on the bed with his head raised, half sitting, so that he does not have stagnant phenomena in the lungs.
2. The room in which the child is located should be ventilated 3-4 times a day, and if the weather permits, you can keep the ventilator open. Also you must not forget about the daily wet cleaning of the apartment.
3. When the temperature of the baby comes back to normal, with it you need to go out into the fresh air. If this is the cold season, then you can organize walks in the room, that is, warmly put the baby on and open the windows wide, only to avoid a draft.
4. It is necessary to organize an increased drinking regime of crumbs. For this, mineral water, soft tea with lemon, fruit fruit drinks, compotes are perfect.
5. Of the drugs, antibiotics should be prescribed, the course of therapy should be at least 10 days.
6. Along with injections or tablets, it is necessary to give crumbs preparations that are capable of repairing the intestinal microflora, and this can be Linex, Bififormula, Hilak-Fort, and others.
7. Prescribed vitamins, expectorants, such as syrup "Bronchipret", "Ascoril".
8. An important method of therapy is the administration of inhalations.
9. When bilateral pneumonia in a child is almost cured, a specialist during the recovery period can appoint physiotherapy, as well as drugs to improve immunity, for example capsules "Sodium Nucleinate", powder "Pentoxyl", vitamins A, B and others.
10. Massage is a must in the treatment of pneumonia. Movements promote the spread of the lungs, sputum discharge. It is necessary to turn the child over, force him to cough, inflate balloons, blow air from the straw into the water, blow bubbles.
Two-sided pneumonia, the treatment of which is carried out only in a complex way, will go without complications if the parents turn to the doctor on time and will observe absolutely all of its prescriptions.
Simultaneously with drug therapy, you can use home methods, which will be discussed below.
1. It is necessary to take mustard, which should be applied to the back with a thin layer, then cover with a cloth for 1 minute, wipe it off, and then put on a warm sweater, drink a lime broth and lie down under the blanket.
2. Honey buns. It is necessary to take 1 tablespoon of sweet amber, as much mustard and alcohol. Then add the flour in such quantity that the mixture is slightly thickened. The prepared compress is put on the back for several hours.
Both of these methods are applicable only to adults. Two-sided pneumonia in a child can also be treated by domestic methods, and in this case a decoction of birch buds and honey, which is done as follows:
- Sweet amber in the amount of 70-80 grams is determined in a small saucepan. Birch buds (100 grams), bought in a pharmacy, also throw in a container to the honey and determine the sauté pan for gas. Boil the mixture for 7 minutes, stirring constantly the contents so that it does not burn, and then transfer everything to a sieve. The resulting broth should be given to the child once a day before bedtime, while the baby should drink this home remedy with plenty of water.
To ensure that bilateral pneumonia does not affect a child or parents, it is necessary to adhere to such rules:
1. Vaccination. Since inflammation of the lungs often occurs after the flu, immunization against this disease is an excellent way to prevent it.
2. Washing your hands. This infection can also get through dirty fingers, so you should often wash them with soap for 30 seconds to clean harmful microorganisms that can cause pneumonia.
3. Maintaining the resistance of the child's body. This is achieved by a healthy diet, rest, and regular exercise.
4. For children who are at risk (and this, in particular, patients with asthma), a special vaccine has been developed.
5. Immunization of the elderly. For pensioners who, by the way, can also take up this disease (and who bear it quite hard), it is recommended to vaccinate against the main causative agent of the disease - pneumococcus.
6. Smoking - no. Tobacco smoke entering the human body, reduces the natural resistance of the bronchi and lungs to respiratory infections. Therefore, quitting smoking will be a good prevention of this dangerous disease.
Now you know that bilateral pneumonia is a very serious disease that can not be treated independently, especially when it comes to children. After all, illiterate therapy can even lead to death. Therefore, the most important thing that parents should understand is that at the first sign of a disease it is necessary to urgently call a doctor who can listen a child, to prescribe additional studies for an accurate diagnosis and then prescribe the right drugs that can effectively deal with this ailment.
What is a bilateral pneumonia? What consequences?
Bilateral pneumonia = - is an inflammation of both the lungs - both right and left. This is very serious and dangerous. If you do not treat properly, it's easy to die
Pneumonia. Both lungs. You can die if you do not start treatment on time.
This is very bad. Even in our time, it is difficult to treat large doses of antibiotics. By the way, in the last epidemic of influenza, most people who died died just from pneumonia, which was a complication of the flu.
Brezhnev L. AND.
Treatment is vital.
I will add.
As is known, pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue of an infectious origin with a predominant lesion of the alveoli.
Pneumonia can be primary if it acts as an independent disease, and secondary, if it developed against another disease, for example, secondary pneumonia in the background of a chronic bronchitis. There are separate types of pneumonia caused by different pathogens.
In any case, this is a very serious and dangerous disease.