Bone health could be affected by vitamin K deficiency, according to a new study.
Research by the University of Michigan School of Nursing suggests the impairment of vitamin K function could compromise bone health and contribute to the development of osteoporosis.
The study found that one of the first effects of declining oestrogen is the impairment of vitamin K function in bone, before any bone loss that could be attributed to menopause can be measured.
Jane Lukacs, who led the research, said: "Our study suggests that the generally accepted level of vitamin K in healthy women is inadequate to maintain bone health just at the onset of menopause."
During the study a group of healthy middle aged and young women were questioned on their dietary habits, given blood tests and had their bone mineral density tested.
Vitamin K helps to create a bone protein called osteocalcin, which acts as a glue in the bone biding calcium.
Ms Lukacs suggests that anyone considering taking vitamin K supplements should speak to their doctor first, especially if they are taking blood thinners.
She also advised: "In early menopause, increase your intake of dark green vegetables and vegetable oils on a daily basis.
"In adolescence and early adulthood, the incorporation of weight-bearing exercise is crucial because we also observed lower bone density in the hip of pre-menopausal women in their late forties well before the onset of menopause."
The study is published in the journal Menopause.