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Conflict in the Colonies
Transcript of Conflict in the Colonies
Colonists smuggled to avoid paying tax
British navy searched ships for smuggled goods George Grenville of Parliament reduced the tax but increased enforcement, hoping to be able to collect it Came at a time of economic depression in colonies
Made smuggling more dangerous
Boston merchants protested with boycotts The Proclamation of 1763 After the French and Indian War:
How to pay for it?
Standing army for colonial protection
Tax the colonies to pay for army
Prevented colonists from moving West of Appalachian Mts.
Increased tensions between Britain and colonists The Quartering Act: 1765 Parliament required colonists to provide living quarters (housing and supplies) to British soldiers in the colonies Colonists resented giving housing to troops that were enforcing new taxes.
Listed as a grievance in Declaration of Independence The Stamp Act: 1765 printed materials must be printed on stamped paper
Colonists cried "no taxation without representation"
Protested by the Sons of Liberty (Ben Franklin, Sam Adams, Paul Revere) with violence and intimidation
Stamp act was a "violation of rights and liberties!"
First attempt to directly tax colonists! The Townshend Acts: 1767 Named for Charles Townshend, who proposed the idea, to enforce the idea that Britain had a right to tax the colonies. taxed
lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea Organized boycotts to pressure Britain into repealing the taxes
Britain sent in troops and tension and pressure built!
Repealed in 1770...except for tea The Boston Massacre: 1770 British soldiers know they are not welcome
Fights between colonists and soldiers were common Colonists resented the troops: threw rocks, ice, and snow at the troops at Boston Customs House; called them "bloodyback" and "lobsterback" Mob pressed in, calling soldiers "Lobsterback" and "bloodyback."
Confusion and chaos, soldiers panicked 5 colonists dead, 7 wounded
Crispus Attucks (sailor) is best-remembered
Sam Adams called it a "massacre" Americans boycotted tea after the Townshend Acts Boston Tea Party: 1773 British East India company got permission to sell tea directly to colonists
Would charge low prices, colonists would stop smuggling tea, and pay more taxes. Arrived in Boston
Sons of Liberty demanded they leave
12/16/1773: dressed as Mohawk Indians,
dumped 342 chests into Boston Harbor
United most British against the colonies
Britain decided colonists could not go unpunished The Coercive (Intolerable) Acts: 1774 Punishment for tea party:
CLOSE BOSTON HARBOR
MA government placed under British control
Troops sent into Boston to enforce the law
Another Quartering Act put in place
British General Thomas Gage = gov. of MA All colonies came out in support of Massachusetts The shot heard round the world! Boston town meeting:
Colonists don't have representatives in Parliament
Can't tax colonists without their permission No Taxation without Representation! Parliament passes Declaratory Act in response
Parliament has the power to make laws for the colonies in "all cases whatsoever." Writs of Assistance
Laws passed by British Parliament to give them the power to enforce the Townsend Acts and search for smuggled goods Both sides resent each other
March 5, 1770: one soldier argues with a colonist, snowballs and insults are thrown
crowd forms Paul Revere printed engraving that served as huge piece of propaganda (communication designed to influence how you feel) Josiah Quincy and John Adams defended soldiers in court
jury found them not guilty (self-defense)
British Crown determined guilty by "accident"
The colonies' anger GROWS