October is still Family History Month! Make sure you don’t miss a thing — including these posts and videos from last week!
Happy Birthday, Dr. Mae Jemison! (October 17)
Mae Jemison was the first black woman to travel in space, part of the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1992. Jemison has always had a connection to the arts, particularly dance and theatre, but of course she’s most noted for her scientific career.
Jemison entered Stanford at age 16, where she studied chemical engineering. Of her time there, Jemison has observed:
Some professors would just pretend I wasn’t there. I would ask a question and a professor would act as if it was just so dumb, the dumbest question he had ever heard. Then, when a white guy would ask the same question, the professor would say, “That’s a very astute observation.’”
She received her doctorate of medicine from Cornell in 1981 and served as a Peace Corps Medical Officer from 1983 to 1985. She was admitted into the astronaut training program in 1987 and finally went into space in 1992.
After leaving NASA in 1993 to found her own technology company, she got a chance to appear on Star Trek: The Next Generation’s “Second Chances” as Ensign Palmer. She was contacted by a mutual friend of hers and LeVar Burton’s, who told him about how much Jemison loved the show.
This made her the first real astronaut to appear on Trek, but it wasn’t her first interaction with Trek stars. Before going on the Endeavour in 1992 she called Nichelle Nichols to thank her for inspiring her as a child, and she promised that, in tribute, she would begin each shift by saying, “Hailing frequencies open.”
She got a chance to meet Nichelle again on the set of TNG (pictured above).
In 1996 she was interviewed in Stanford Today and said she feels responsibility to help pass on the kind of inspiration she got from role models like Nichelle Nichols/Uhura:
“Public figures can be images..Images of what other folks can be or how they might live their lives.”
Sophia Brahe (1556-1643)
Tycho Brahe was one of the most important astronomers of the sixteenth century. The last major astronomer to work without the aid of a telescope, Tycho built his own instruments to track the movements of celestial bodies. His work paved the way for Johannes Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
Tycho’s younger sister Sophia assisted him in his scientific observations. Their family was part of Denmark’s high nobility and although the Brahe children were well educated, their parents did not consider science an appropriate field for people of rank. Nevertheless, Sophia taught herself astronomy and as a teenager helped her brother observe a lunar eclipse. Throughout their lives, Tycho and Sophia maintained a close correspondence.
Sophia also studied alchemy, horticulture, and chemistry, but her most lasting individual work is her genealogy of Danish noble families. Published in 1626, it remains an important source for Danish historians today.
Seventy years ago today on 20 February 1943, a cornfield in southern Mexico in the town of Paricutin erupted in a spectacular explosion and continued to shoot ash into the air for a year. By the time it was finished, the cornfield had grown a cone of ash over a thousand feet high and covered ten square miles. This explosion of gas, molten lava and solid ash is known as tephra, which is nothing more than the Anglicized version of the Ancient Greek word (tephra) which meant ash. This type of eruption is also known as a pyroclast or pyroclastic flow or even pyroclastic density current, which comes from the Ancient Greek words πῦρ (pur), meaning fire, and κλαστός (klastos), meaning broken in pieces.
Image of the Paricutin Volcano during its first period of activity in 1943 courtesy of NOAA via wikipedia, used with permission under a Creative Commons 3.0 license.