This classic work on a vitally important and new topic contains over 1200 pages of complete information on chemical interactions as it pertains to environmental and medical concerns. It illustrates principles of interactions so you will have the conceptual basis for predicting responses to complex environmental mixtures-apply it to specific situations-theoretical and practical. To date, environmental standards regulate the effects of a single pollutant. Multiple Chemical Interactions is exhaustive coverage of how the multitude of chemicals in our world interact with human health. This book gives us critically new and complete data on an emerging field that will be of interest to all environmental scientists, environmental and public health professionals, toxicologists, industrial hygienists, regulators and libraries.
Preface. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS: AN INTRODUCTION. INTERACTIONS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK. TERMINOLOGY. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMBINED EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE AGENTS. Introduction. Statistical Significance Method and Optimal Experimental Designs. Models for Assessing Interactions. PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC FOUNDATION OF INTERACTIONS-A CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW. Introduction. Temporal Factor and Toxic Endpoints. Chemical Interactions. Pharmacokinetic Interactions. CARCINOGENESIS AND TERATOGENESIS. CARCINOGENESIS. Introduction. Cocarcinogenesis. Syncarcinogenic Effects. Tumor Promotion. Quantitative Aspects of Multiple Carcinogen Interactions. CARCINOGEN INTERACTIONS-SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS. Solvents and Mutagen/Carcinogen Interaction. Smoking and Carcinogen Interactions. Nitrosamine Interactions. Mycotoxin-Mycotoxin Interactions. Radiation and Chemical Carcinogens. Phenobarbital as a Promoter. TERATOGENICITY. Introduction. Teratogen Nutrient Interactions (Group 1). Environmental Contamination (Group 2). Caffeine (Group 3). Metabolic Inhibitors (Group 4) Solvents/Vehicles, etc. (Group 5) Discussion. INTERACTIONS BY CHEMICAL CLASS-A. INORGANICS. METALS. Introduction. Specific Interactions. Discussion of Inorganic Metals Interactions. Chelating Agents for Heavy Metals. RESPIRATORY IRRITANTS. Nitrogen Dioxide. Sulfur Dioxide. Ozone. Smoking and Respiratory Tract Irritants/Toxins. Miscellaneous. INTERACTIONS BY CHEMICAL CLASS-B. ORGANICS. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs). Introduction. Historical Perspective. Mechanistic Aspects of PAH Interactions. Other Aspects. PCBs: INTERACTION WITH OTHER XENOBIOTICS. Acrylonitrile. Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid. Arsenic. Dioxin. Ethylene. INSECTICIDE INTERACTIONS. Introduction. Insecticide Synergists. Organophosphate Insecticides. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Discussion. DRUGS. DRUG INTERACTIONS-TECHNICAL INFORMATION TRANSFER LESSONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. DISPLACEMENT OF DRUGS FROM PLASMA PROTEIN AND/OR TISSUE BINDING SITES. Introduction. Specific Types of Displacement Interaction. Clinical Significance of Plasma Protein Displacement Interactions. COMBINED DRUG CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY. Introduction. Mechanisms of Interaction. Specific Examples of Chemotherapeutic Interactions. Kinetic Synchronization. Combinations of an Active Drug With Selectively Reversing Agents. Discussion. ANTIBIOTIC INTERACTIONS. Introduction. Mechanisms of Antibiotic Interactions. Discussion. THE DRUG-POLLUTANT INTERFACE. ETHANOL AND OTHER ALCOHOLS. Introduction. Inorganics. Organics. Summary. SMOKING AND DRUG INTERACTIONS. Introduction. Specific Interactions. Discussion. Conclusion. DISULFIRAM. Introduction. Drug Metabolism. Carcinogenicity. Oxygen Toxicity. Heavy Metals. Discussion. SPIRONOLACTONE. Introduction. Digitoxin. Mercury. Other Agents (PAH, Other Metals). Discussion. REGULATORY PERSPECTIVES. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY MIXTURES. Introduction. Concentration Addition and the Toxic Unit Concept. Discussion. MULTIPLE CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS: REGULATORY APPROACHES. Introduction. Industrial Approaches. EPA Approaches. Dose Addition. Response Addition. Regulatory Implications of EPA Guidelines. The Uncertainty (Safety) Factor Approach. Multiple Carcinogen Exposure. Pragmatic Regulatory Approaches for Assessing Complex Mixtures of Carcinogens. Aquatic Toxicology and Chemical Interactions. Soviet Approaches to Regulating Chemical Mixtures. Discussion. Appendix A: EPA Data Base on Mixture Toxicity. Appendix B: Guidelines for the Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures. Index.