There are a number of types of cells within the human body. They replicate by dividing to create new cells. Most types of cells can only create more of the same type of cell; for instance, muscle cells create new muscle cells, ligament cells create new ligament cells. Stem cells are able to differentiate and become other types of cells. This is incredibly beneficial when the body’s ability to create new cells to replace those in damaged areas is in any way affected.
Stem cells were first discovered in human cord blood in 1978. Soon after, researchers gained the ability to make them in vitro using cells from mice. While most people associate stem cells with fetal cells, they can be found in a range of tissue found in adults, such as fat, blood, and bone marrow. Stem cells are also plentiful in the placenta and amniotic tissues that are left over after birth. This material was first isolated in 2007 and proved an important alternative in research to the controversial use of embryonic stem cells.
Stem cell therapy concentrates and delivers stem cells to the place they can do the most good. Research into the benefits of stem cell therapy for a range of degenerative conditions is still undergoing testing. Researchers, for instance, are currently looking into the benefits of stem cell therapy to combat knee injuries. A study involving 25 patients showed that stem cells may be useful in the treatment of knee pain caused by osteoarthritis (quote study reference here). Other researchers are looking into their value in the treatment of degenerative disc disease and tendonitis in regions throughout the body. Stem cells can be an especially promising therapy not just for healing but also for the relief of inflammation.