# Tagged Questions

The research-level tag applies to questions that arise in graduate and post-secondary work. These questions often require domain-specific knowledge and could not be answered from a general source or may be beyond the level typically covered by Wikipedia and other popular sources. research-level ...

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0answers
167 views

### Quasi 1D insulators with strong spin-orbital interaction

We know that the spin-1 chain realizes the Haldane phase which is an example of symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases (ie short-range entangled phases with symmetry). The Haldane phase is ...
2answers
445 views

### Majorana zero mode in quantum field theory

Recently, Majorana zero mode becomes very hot in condensed matter physics. I remember there was a lot of study of fermion zero mode in quantum field theory, where advanced math, such as index ...
10answers
1k views

### What is spontaneous symmetry breaking in QUANTUM systems?

Most descriptions of spontaneous symmetry breaking, even for spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum systems, actually only give a classical picture. According to the classical picture, spontaneous ...
1answer
119 views

### How can you distinguish between projections of quantum states?

Consider this problem in quantum cryptography: We have two pure states $\phi_1,\phi_2$ as input and constants $0 \leq \alpha <\beta \leq 1$, where "Yes instances" are those for which ...
1answer
176 views

### The bijective correspondence between a symmetric polynomial and edge excitation of the fractional quantum hall droplet

I am recently reading Xiao-Gang Wen's paper (http://dao.mit.edu/~wen/pub/edgere.pdf) on edge excitation for fractional quantum hall effect. On page 25, he claimed that it is easy to show that there ...
2answers
280 views

### What causes a Phase-Transition

A phase transition occurs when for example, heat is applied continuously to a liquid and after a certain time it converts into a gas. How does this process work in detail? Is their a chain reaction ...
1answer
585 views

### What is the relationship between string net theory and string / M-theory?

I've just learned from this one of Prof. Wen's answers that there exists a theory called string net theory. Since I've never heard about this before it picks my curiosity, so I`d like to ask some ...
3answers
437 views

### Is there any quantum-gravity theory that has flat space-time and gravitons?

Many quantum-gravity theories are strongly interacting. It is not clear if they produce the gravity as we know it at low energies. So I wonder, is there any quantum-gravity theory that a) is a well ...
1answer
269 views

### Graphene Moebius Strip

I'm refering to the Paper: PHYSICAL REVIEW B 80, 195310 (2009) "Möbius graphene strip as a topological insulator" Z. L. Guo, Z. R. Gong, H. Dong, and C. P. Sun. The paper is also available as a ...
0answers
135 views

### Toda equations and surface operator

I would like to know the reason why the equation (14) in the paper by Yamada is called the Toda equation. \begin{equation} \left[\frac12\sum_{i=1}^N\left(y_i\frac{\partial}{\partial ...
2answers
196 views

### Branch-point twist fields and operator insertions on a Riemann manifold

I am having trouble understanding how Eq (2.6) in this paper (PDF) $$Z[\mathcal{L},\mathcal{M}_{n}]\propto\langle\Phi(u,0)\tilde{\Phi}(v,0)\rangle_{\mathcal{L}^{(n)},\mathbb{R}^{2}}$$ generalizes to ...
1answer
110 views

### precise definition of “moduli space”

I'm curious what the precise definition of the moduli space of a QFT is. One often talks about the classical moduli space, which then can get quantum corrections. Does this mean the quantum moduli ...
2answers
189 views

### Poincare Symmetry in QFT

Given that spacetime is not affine Minkowskispace, it does of course not possess Poincare symmetry. It is still sensible to speak of rotations and translations (parallel transport), but instead of ...
0answers
109 views

### What is a Hilbert space filter?

In a recent paper, Side-Channel-Free Quantum Key Distribution, by Samuel L. Braunstein and Stefano Pirandola. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 130502 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.130502, ...
2answers
91 views

### fitting free QFTs into the Haag-Kastler algebraic formulation

Has the free Klein-Gordon quantum field theory been fitted into the Haag-Kastler algebraic framework? (Actually, John Baez told me "yes", and he should know.) If so, can you describe the basic ...
1answer
158 views

### partial trace with sparse matrices

Let $\rho_{ABCD}$ be a sparse matrix of 4 systems each in a $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. For $d<7$ in a reasonable time (few seconds) I able to perform the partial trace $\rho_{AD}$ using the ...
3answers
88 views

### QED as a Wightman theory of observable fields?  With a collision theory?

[Note: I'm using QED as a simple example, despite having heard that it is unlikely to exist. I'm happy to confine the question to perturbation theory.] The quantized Aᵘ and ψ fields are non-unique ...
3answers
99 views

### What is the physical difference between states and unital completely positive maps?

Mathematically, completely positive maps on C*-algebras generalize positive linear functionals in that every positive linear functional on a C*-algebra $A$ is a completely positive map of $A$ into ...
0answers
55 views

### Why/When can the gauge superfield and/or chiral superfield kinetic term in $(2,2)$ SUSY be ignored?

This is in reference to the argument given towards the end of page $61$ of this review paper. There for the path-integral argument to work the author clearly needed some argument to be able to ignore ...
2answers
117 views

### Could motives aid in the study of the Navier-Stokes equations?

Recently, mathematicians and theoretical physicists have been studying Quantum Field Theory (and renormalization in particular) by means of abstract geometrical objects called motives. Amongst these ...
1answer
286 views

### Geometric picture behind quantum expanders

A $(d,\lambda)$-quantum expander is a distribution $\nu$ over the unitary group $\mathcal{U}(d)$ with the property that: a) $|\mathrm{supp} \ \nu| =d$, b) \$\Vert \mathbb{E}_{U \sim \nu} U \otimes ...
1answer
257 views

### About the definition/motivation/properties of the twisted chiral superfield in ${\cal N}=2$ theories in $1+1$ dimensions

The following is in the context of the ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetry in $1+1$ dimensions - which is probably generically constructed as a reduction from the ${\cal N}=1$ case in $3+1$ dimensions. In ...
0answers
97 views

### From vertex function to anomalous dimension

In a $d$ dimensional space-time, how does one argue that the mass dimension of the $n-$point vertex function is $D = d + n(1-\frac{d}{2})$? Why is the following equality assumed or does one prove ...
1answer
49 views

### States diagonal in the tensor product of Bell states.

Bell-diagonal states are 2-qubit states that are diagonal in the Bell basis. Since those states lie in $\mathbb{C}^{2} \otimes \mathbb{C}^{2}$, the Peres-Horodecki criterion is a sufficient condition ...
1answer
68 views

### Asymptotic Completeness, generalized free fields, and the relationship of thermodynamics with infinity

Asymptotic completeness is a strong constraint on quantum field theories that rules out generalized free fields, which otherwise satisfy the Wightman axioms. If we were to take a limit of a list of ...
2answers
56 views

### Heuristics for definitions of open and closed quantum dynamics

I've been reading some of the literature on "open quantum systems" and it looks like the following physical interpretations are made: Reversible dynamics of a closed quantum system are represented ...
1answer
22 views

### Time Evolution of a Manifold Embedding

Given a smooth manifold $\mathcal{M}$ with a simplicial complex embedding $\mathsf{S}$, what specific tools or methods can be used to give an analysis of the time evolution of the manifold given some ...
1answer
29 views

### Gravitating sigma models

I am looking for a review or book on sigma models in (super)gravity theories, which arise from dimensional reduction.
1answer
74 views

### $\pm$ (light-cone?) notation in supersymmetry

I would like to know what is exactly meant when one writes $\theta^{\pm}, \bar{\theta}^\pm, Q_{\pm},\bar{Q}_{\pm},D_{\pm},\bar{D}_{\pm}$. {..I typically encounter this notation in literature on ...
1answer
39 views

### Spectrum of Free Strings

As far as I understand, both in bosonic and superstring theory one considers initially a free string propagating through D-dimensional Minkowskispace. Regardless of what quantization one uses, at the ...
1answer
72 views

### What is the connection between extra dimensions in Kaluza-Klein type theories and those in string theories?

This follows to some extent from a question I asked previously about the flaws of Kaluza-Klein theories. It appears to me that Kaluza-Klein theories attach additional dimensions to spacetime that are ...
2answers
73 views

### Gauge invariant scalar potentials

If $\Phi$ is a multi-component scalar field which is transforming in some representation of a gauge group say $G$ then how general a proof can one give to argue that the potential can only be a ...
2answers
102 views

### Why aren't the spin-3/2 fields in the (3/2,0)+(0,3/2) representation?

Why is it that spin-$\frac 32$ fields are usually described to be in the $(\frac 12, \frac 12)\otimes[(\frac 12,0)\oplus(0,\frac 12)]$ representation (Rarita-Schwinger) rather than the \$(\frac ...
1answer
201 views

### A certain gluon scattering amplitude

I am stuck with this process of calculating the tree-level scattering amplitude of two positive helicity (+) gluons of momentum say $p_1$ and $p_2$ scattering into two gluons of negative (-) helicity ...
1answer
184 views

### Gauge invariance and the form of the Rarita-Schwinger action

in Weinberg Vol. I section 5.9 (in particular p. 251 and surrounding discussion), it is explained that the smallest-dimension field operator for a massless particle of spin-1 takes the form of a field ...
1answer
25 views

### Low-energy gluodynamics as a string

Does anyone know of a (most likely heuristic) derivation of the use of the string sigma model action to model the soft gluonic interactions between color charges? I'm familiar with the classic ...
1answer
40 views

### Functional relations for Kochen-Specker proofs

Many proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem use some form of the following argument (from Mermin's "Simple Unified Form for the major No-Hidden-Variables Theorems" ) [I]f some functional relation ...
6answers
105 views

### Multiqubit state tomography by performing measurement in the same basis

For a $n$-qubit state $\rho$ we perform all projective measurement consisting of one-particle measurements in the same basis, that is, p_{i_1i_2\ldots i_n}(\theta,\varphi) = \text{Tr}\left \{ \rho ...
1answer
109 views

### Monte Carlo integration over space of quantum states

I am currently facing the problem of calculating integrals that take the general form $\int_{R} P(\sigma)d\sigma$ where $P(\sigma)$ is a probability density over the space of mixed quantum states, ...
2answers
163 views

### Equivalence of definitions of ADM Mass

ADM Mass is a useful measure of a system. It is often defined (Wald 293) $$M_{ADM}=\frac{1}{16\pi} \lim_{r \to \infty} \oint_{s_r} (h_{\mu\nu,\mu}-h_{\mu\mu,\nu})N^{\nu} dA$$ Where $s_r$ is two ...
1answer
452 views

### Entanglement in time

Quantum entanglement links particles through time, according to this study that received some publicity last year: New Type Of Entanglement Allows 'Teleportation in Time,' Say Physicists at The ...
0answers
131 views

### Magnetic monopole and electromagnetic field quantization procedure

From the Maxwell's equations point of view, existence of magnetic monopole leads to unsuitability of the introduction of vector potential as $\vec B = \operatorname{rot}\vec A$. As a result, it was ...
1answer
65 views

### Some more questions about the BCFW reduction

This question is a continuation of this previous question of mine and I am continuing with the same notation. One claims that one can actually split this $n$-gluon amplitude such that there is just ...
1answer
34 views

### Tip of a spreading wave-packet: asymptotics beyond all orders of a saddle point expansion

This is a technical question coming from mapping of an unrelated problem onto dynamics of a non-relativistic massive particle in 1+1 dimensions. This issue is with asymptotics dominated by a term ...
3answers
890 views

### Are elementary particles actually more elementary than quasiparticles?

Quarks and leptons are considered elementary particles, while phonons, holes, and solitons are quasiparticles. In light of emergent phenomena, such as fractionally charged particles in fractional ...
0answers
71 views

### Instantons and Borel Resummation

As explained in Weinberg's The Quantum Theory of Fields, Volume 2, Chapter 20.7 Renormalons, instantons are a known source of poles in the Borel transform of the perturbative series. These poles are ...
3answers
88 views

### Analyticity and Causality in Relativity

A few weeks ago at a conference a speaker I was listening to made a comment to the effect that a function (let's say scalar) cannot be analytic because otherwise it would violate causality. He didn't ...
0answers
98 views

### Measure of Lee-Yang zeros

Consider a statistical mechanical system (say the 1D Ising model) on a finite lattice of size $N$, and call the corresponding partition function (as a function of, say, real temperature and real ...
1answer
129 views

### The difference between projection operators and field operators in QFT?

Is there a good reference for the distinction between projection operators in QFT, with an eigenvalue spectrum of $\{1,0\}$, representing yes/no measurements, the prototype of which is the Vacuum ...
1answer
94 views

### Renormalization of the R-charge?

In general I would like to know as to known or what is/are the standard references about R-charge renormalization in supersymmetric theories. When does it do so and what is expected or known to be ...
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