## Euler class in the non-compact case

### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points)

Does anyone have a reference for:

The Euler-class for an open non-compact manifold possibly with twisted coefficients (if the group action on the manifold does not preserve orientation) and/or for a compactification e.g. the one point compactification

jim

-

## 3 Answers

A version of the Euler class for oriented noncompact manifolds appears in the paper "Fixed-point theories on noncompact manifolds" by Shmuel Weinberger (you need a Riemannian metric of bounded geometry, I think): http://math.uchicago.edu/~shmuel/fpt.pdf The setup is similar to the one in compact case, but you need to have uniform bounds on the vector fields. The non-orientable case should be similar.

-

### You can accept an answer to one of your own questions by clicking the check mark next to it. This awards 15 reputation points to the person who answered and 2 reputation points to you.

There is one version of Euler class for oriented vector bundles on non-compact manifolds, the so called relative Euler class . It requires that the vector bundle admits a section which does not vanish outside a compact set. The relative Euler class is then an element of the cohomology with compact supports, and as such, it depends on the choice of the section that is nontrivial outside that compact set.

Formally, if $E\to M$ is an oriented vector bundle with Thom class $\tau$ and $s:M\to E$ is a section that does not vanish outside a compact set, then the relative Euler class is

$$\boldsymbol{e}(E, s):=s^*\tau(E)\in H^r_c(M),$$

$r$ being the (real) rank of $E$. $\newcommand{\be}{\boldsymbol{e}}$ The class $\be(E,s)$ depends only the homotopy class of $s$ in the space of sections nontrivial outside a compact set.

If $M$ happens to be oriented, then $\be(E,s)$ is the Poincare dual of the cycle determined by the zero set of $s$.

Here is a good example to think about. Suppose that $L\to D$ is the trivial complex line bundle over the open unit disk in the plane. Suppose $s(z)=z^k$, $k\geq 0$. Then

$$\be(L,s)\in H^2_c(D)= H^2(D,\partial D)$$

and

$$\langle \be(L,s), [D,\partial D]\rangle =k.$$

-

For the untwisted case see Dold's "Lectures on algebraic topology" section VIII.11. If $N$ is a oriented topological submanifold of an oriented manifold $M$ of codimension $k$, then one looks at the Thom class in $H^k(M, M-N)$ and then restricts it to $H^k(N)$ to get the Euler class. Compactness of the submanifold $N$ is never needed.

-
{"extraction_info": {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 20, "mathjax_display_tex": 3, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0}, "config": {"markdown_headings": true, "markdown_code": true, "boilerplate_config": {"ratio_threshold": 0.18, "absolute_threshold": 10, "end_threshold": 15, "enable": true}, "remove_buttons": true, "remove_image_figures": true, "remove_link_clusters": true, "table_config": {"min_rows": 2, "min_cols": 3, "format": "plain"}, "remove_chinese": true, "remove_edit_buttons": true, "extract_latex": true}, "english_confidence": 0.9028264284133911, "perplexity_flag": "head"}