# Tagged Questions

Questions on hyperbolic geometry, the geometry on manifolds with negative curvature.

4answers
1k views

### Hyperbolic critters studying Euclidean geometry

You've spent your whole life in the hyperbolic plane. It's second nature to you that the area of a triangle depends only on its angles, and it seems absurd to suggest that it could ever be otherwise. ...
7answers
1k views

### What are the interesting applications of hyperbolic geometry?

I am aware that, historically, hyperbolic geometry was useful in showing that there can be consistent geometries that satisfy the first 4 axioms of Euclid's elements but not the fifth, the infamous ...
1answer
385 views

### How to create mazes on the hyperbolic plane?

I'm interested in building maze-like structures on the [5, 4] tiling of the hyperbolic plane, where by maze-like I mean something akin to a spanning tree of the underlying lattice: a subgraph of the ...
3answers
444 views

### What is the connection of the sequence 3, 4, 5/3, 2/3, 1 with deep topics?

Quote from Don Zagier (Mathematicians: An Outer View of the Inner World): " I like explicit, hands-on formulas. To me they have a beauty of their own. They can be deep or not. As an example, ...
1answer
240 views

### Teichmüller spaces via representations

I don't have much expertise in this area but I am confused by a remark I overheard regarding Teichmüller spaces. I was always under the impression that for a surface $S$ (say genus $\geq 2$) ...
2answers
165 views

### Embedding the Infinite Binary Tree in Regular Tilings

Consider the regular tiling $(m,n)$ in which $m$ $n$-agons meet at each vertex. Most of the time this tilings have to "live" in the hyperbolic plane. The edges of its polygons define a graph where two ...
4answers
914 views

### Area of a triangle $\propto\pi-\alpha-\beta-\gamma$

A hyperbolic geometry is a non-Euclidian geometry with constant negative curvature. It has the property that given a line and a point, many lines can be drawn containing the point that never meet the ...
1answer
198 views

### Is it possible to deduce a model for hyperbolic geometry from a synthetic set of axioms a la Euclid/Hilbert/Tarski?

Motivation I learned from Emil Artin's book Geometric Algebra that the standard incidence axioms of affine geometry (two points determine a unique line, parallel postulate, no three collinear points ...
3answers
391 views

### Simulation of Brownian Motion

If I want to simulate Brownian motion in the Euclidean space I can simulate it by a point that is moving a distance $\epsilon$ in an arbitrary direction then it randomly choose a new direction and ...
3answers
551 views

### how to generate tesselation cells using the Poincare disk model?

I'm a computer programmer, and while I like math, this is an area where my understanding of math falls short of what I need in order to apply it successfully. I've been looking at M.C. Escher's ...
2answers
636 views

### Is an equilateral triangle the same as an equiangular triangle, in any geometry?

I have heard of both equilateral triangles and equiangular triangles. (For example, this sporcle quiz lists both.) Are these always equivalent, regardless of geometry? I know they are the same in ...
1answer
129 views

### How to identify $SL(2,\mathbb{C})/SU(2)$ and the hyperbolic 3-space?

I know that every coset representative $g\in SL(2,\mathbb{C})$ for $SL(2,\mathbb{C})/SU(2)$ can be chosen of the form  g = \left( \begin{array}{cc} \sqrt{t} & \frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\\ 0 & ...
1answer
174 views

### When does there exist an isometry that switches two subspaces?

Let $V$ be a real vector space of finite dimension and let $\langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle$ be a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form on $V$. Let $U, W \subseteq V$ be linear subspaces such that ...
1answer
144 views

### Parabolic elements correspond to punctures

In Mapping Class Group by Farb and Margalit page 22, they say: Let $S$ be a hyperbolic surface. If a non-trivial element of $\pi_1(S)$ is represented by a loop (up to homotopy) around a puncture, ...
1answer
87 views

### Conformal automorphism of $H^n$

I was looking for the characterization ( or a complete list ) of the conformal automorphisms of the upper half space $H^n$ in $R^n$. I know that when $n=2$, it is $PSL(2,R)$ and when $n=3$, it is ...
3answers
281 views

### Expression of the Hyperbolic Distance in the Upper Half Plane

While looking for an expression of the hyperbolic distance in the Upper Half Plane $\mathbb{H}=\{z=x +iy \in \mathbb{C}| y>0\},$ I came across two different expressions. Both of them in Wikipedia. ...
1answer
352 views

### Shortest path on hyperboloid

On the sphere $S^2$, the shortest path between two points is the great circle path. How about $H^2$, the hyperboloid $x^2+y^2-z^2=-1, z\ge 1$, with the Euclidean distance? Is there a formula for the ...
2answers
112 views

### Reflections generating isometry group

I was reading an article and it states that every isometry of the upper half plane model of the hyperbolic plane is a composition of reflections in hyperbolic lines, but does not seem to explain why ...
1answer
337 views

### Interpretation of Hyperbolic Metric and Möbius Transforms

I was wondering if someone could explain the interpretation of the following results. In hyperbolic geometry, we say that lengths are invariant under the action of Mob($\mathbb{H}$) if given any ...
2answers
91 views

### Two hyperbolic surfaces corresponding to conjugate Fuchsian groups are isometric

I have a basic question : a) Suppose $\gamma$ and $\gamma'$ be conjugate Fuchsian groups acting freely and properly discontinuously on the upper half-plane H to produce two Riemann surfaces \$ ...
1answer
53 views

### Embedding manifolds of constant curvature in manifolds of other curvatures

I know that there is no complete surface embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ of constant curvature -$k$ for any $k$. But you can clearly embed the hyperbolic plane (curvature -1) into hyperbolic 3-space ...
1answer
409 views

### Generalized Laws of Cosines and Sines

I wonder the "laws of sines and cosines" in the two cases below and how to derive them. (or any related sources) (i) For geodesic triangles on a sphere of radius $R>0$. (so constant curvature ...
0answers
42 views

### Hyperbolic diameter of Amsler's surface

I've recently learned about Amsler's surface, a surface of constant negative Gaussian curvature. If I understand things correctly, there is a whole family of such surfaces, differing in the angle of ...
4answers
201 views

### Completeness of Upper Half Plane

I am trying to prove that the upper half plane, defined as $\mathbb{H} = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : \Im(z)>0 \}$, is complete with respect to the hyperbolic metric. First I note that if I have some ...
1answer
97 views

### Backslash notation: $\Gamma {\setminus} \mathbb{H}^n$

I encountered this notation in a paper by Carron: When X = $\Gamma{\setminus}\mathbb{H}^n$ is a real hyperbolic manifold, ... $\Gamma$ is a discrete torsion free subgroup of SO$(n,1)$. My ...
2answers
67 views

### Showing the function $f(x,y)$ is one by one

Yesterday, while teaching geometry, I was faced to a problem saying that the function below is an distance function: $$d(P,Q)=\Big|\ln\frac{\frac{x_1-c+r}{y_1}}{\frac{x_2-c+r}{y_2}}\Big|$$ where in ...
1answer
92 views

### Fuchsian groups and surfaces

It's a fact that if two Fuchsian group are conjugate, the corresponding surfaces are isometric. Is the converse true ? Take 2 isometric Riemann surfaces $S$ and $S'$(which are covered by the upper ...
1answer
138 views

### Hyperbolic triangle and two points in Poincare disk

Given a hyperbolic triangle $T$ and two points $p$ and $q$ in Poincare disk. Note that $p$ and $q$ are outside the triangle. If $p$ has shorter distances to the three vertices of $T$ than $q,$ can we ...
1answer
172 views

### Difference between a hyperbolic line and a geodesic

The setting for hyperbolic space in this question will be the upper half plane. Now I know that to measure the distance between two points $p$ and $q$ in the upper half plane, we take \$ \inf ...
2answers
220 views

### How to analyze triangles in Lobachevsky geometry?

I got an assignment to prove certain things about right triangles in Lobachevsky geometry, but so far I don't know where to start. What model is the best for studying these objects? What is the ...
1answer
379 views

### Hyperbolic geometry. 3 dimensions. What is not well understood?

According to Mathworld, hyperbolic geometry is well understood in 2 dimensions but not in 3 dimensions. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HyperbolicGeometry.html What isn't well understood about ...
1answer
270 views

### The law of sines in hyperbolic geometry

What is the geometrical meaning of the constant $k$ in the law of sines, $\frac{\sin A}{\sinh a} = \frac{\sin B}{\sinh b} = \frac{\sin C}{\sinh c}=k$ in hyperbolic geometry? I know the meaning of the ...
1answer
31 views

### Study of the Laplacian on the Hyperbolic plane

What's a good reference for the simplest case? I'm interested in the spectral theory of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the upper half plane (domain, self-adjoint extension, etc.). I only need this ...
1answer
106 views

### Structure of $x^2 + xy + y^2 = z^2$ integer quadratic form

The pythagorean triples $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$ can be solved in integers using rational parameterization of solutions to $x^2 + y^2 = 1$. It goes through $(1,0)$, then consider the line $y = -k (x - 1)$ ...
1answer
147 views

### Triangle inequality for hyperbolic distance

A quick way to define the hyperbolic metric in the Poincare disc is via the cross ratio: Given points a,b in the disc, let p,q be the endpoints of the hyperbolic line (halfcircle/line perpendicular to ...
1answer
78 views

### centralizers in hyperbolic manifolds are cyclic

I am having trouble seeing why this statement is true: "If S admits a hyperbolic metric, then the centralizer of any non-trivial element of $\pi(S)$ is cyclic. In particular, $\pi(S)$ has trivial ...
1answer
47 views

### Can different uniformizations of Riemann surfaces be related somehow

Let $X$ be a hyperbolic compact connected Riemann surface. Let $U\subset X$ be an open subset. Assume that $U\neq X$. We can uniformize $X$ by $\mathbf{H}$ directly to obtain it as a quotient of ...
1answer
112 views

### explicit isometry between metric spaces

Let $X=\mathbb{H}^2\times\left[0,1\right]$ (just $\left\{ (x,y,z)\big\vert y>0\right\}$ as a set) and consider the following two metrics: $$ds_1=\frac{dx+dy}{y}+dz$$ and ...
1answer
229 views

### Circle preserving homeomorphisms in the closure of $\mathbb{C}$ and Möbius Transformations

I am presently a learner of Hyperbolic Geometry and am using J. W. Anderson's book $Hyperbolic$ $Geometry$. Now the author presents a sketch proof of why every circle preserving homeomorphism in ...
1answer
155 views

### Characterization of linearity in terms of metric

At least in Euclidean geometry and the upper half plane model of hyperbolic geometry, the statements '$y$ lies on the line segment determined by $x$ and $z$ ' and '$d(x,y)+d(y,z)=d(x,z)$' are ...
6answers
199 views

### Help me to remember $\operatorname{cosh}^{2}(y) -\operatorname{sinh}^{2}(y)=1$, some easy verification and deduction?

I can faintly visualize some way of deducing this formula with exponential functions but forgot it. How do you remember it? Suppose you just forget whether it is plus-or-minus there, how do you find ...
2answers
401 views

### Geodesic Uniqueness in the Hyperbolic Plane

I am studying Hyperbolic Geometry. At this part, I have proved that semicircles and straight lines orthogonals to the real axis are geodesics in the hyperbolic plane. But how I proof that this ...
1answer
246 views

### Models of hyperbolic geometry

Wikipedia states the following: [The Poincaré half-plane model of hyperbolic geometry] is named after Henri Poincaré, but originated with Eugenio Beltrami, who used it, along with the Klein model ...
1answer
168 views

### Wikipedia article on Hyperbolic geometry

I was reading the Wikipedia article on hyperbolic geometry and have come across the line geodesic paths are described by intersections with planes through the origin Why is this necessarily ...
2answers
258 views

### Does anyone know a good hyperbolic geometry software program?

We are currently using this program called NonEuclid but it is a little frustrating to use sometimes and I was wondering if anyone knows another program for hyperbolic geometry.
2answers
45 views

### Measure on a quotient

Can anyone explain me the following : let $M$ be a hyperbolic manifold and $\Gamma = \Pi_1(M) \subset Iso(\mathbb{H}^n)$. How does the Haar measure on $Iso(\mathbb{H}^n)$ induces a measure on ...
2answers
230 views

### What is the proof that rectangles do not exist in hyperbolic geometry?

I am in need of help figuring this out-- If the only straight lines in hyperbolic geometry are those that pass through the center, then isn't there a right angle? (horizontal and vertical) Which ...
2answers
65 views

### Real tree and hyperbolicity

I seek a proof of the following result due to Tits: Theorem: A path-connected $0$-hyperbolic metric space is a real tree. Do you know any proof or reference?
1answer
69 views

### topic for presenting in hyperbolic geometry

For my course work, i have to give a presentation of 20-30 min presentation in hyperbolic geometry. Can any one suggest some topic(or any interesting theorem) in this area.I want to present some thing ...
2answers
223 views

### Construction of equilateral triangle in Poincare disc model

Points A and B are given in Poincare disc model. Construct equilateral triangle ABC. Any kind of help is welcome.
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