# Tagged Questions

Covers the study of (mostly homogeneous) macroscopic systems from a heat/energy/entropy point of view. Maybe combine with [tag:statistical-mechanics].

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### How is the logarithmic correction to the entropy of a non extremal black hole derived?

I`ve just read, that for non extremal black holes, there exists a logarithmic (and other) correction(s) to the well known term proportional to the area of the horizon such that \$S = \frac{A}{4G} + K ...
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70 views

### Mechanical Equivalent of Heat

Recently I have been looking up James Joule's experiment regarding the mechanical equivalent of heat. After viewing some drawings of the apparatus, I assumed that the lines holding the weights would ...
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121 views

### Thermodynamic relations from Gibbs-Duhem

Given the Gibbs-Duhem relation $V dp = S dT - N d \mu$, I am having trouble deriving the following identity: $\ (\frac{\partial N}{\partial \mu})_{V,T} = N (\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial p})_T$ ...
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210 views

### What's the efficency of a steam jet pump?

Jet pumps or venturi pumps are often stated as having a "terribly low" efficiency, steam jet pumps specifically are usually describes as "only justifiable when there's an abundant steam supply anyway" ...
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775 views

### Inflating a balloon (expansion resistance)

I am doing a quick calculation on how to calculate the pressure needed to inflate a perfectly spherical balloon to a certain volume, however I have difficulties with the fact that the balloon (rubber) ...
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26 views

### Lattice model completely constrained by boundary data

I am dealing with a lattice model that has the peculiar property that if I specify all the spins on the boundary, by local conservation laws, the whole lattice configuration (throughout the whole ...
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39 views

### What is the physical meaning of fact, that Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is thermodynamically unstable?

It is known, that Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is thermodynamically unstable [1]. Does it mean, that there is no Reissner-Nordstrom black hole in physical world? Does it mean, that there may be ...
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71 views

### Spontaneous conversion of heat into work at negative temperatures

Consider a heavy macroscopic object moving in a gas. Friction causes its kinetic energy to be converted into heat. Thermodynamically, there is (effectively) no entropy associated with the kinetic ...
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85 views

### experiment proposal to validate microcausality

I've been wondering about microcausality for some time now (a recent question of mine regarding the topic) and i'm wondering if its possible to devise an experiment to detect potential violations I ...
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266 views

### How do I determine the Internal Energy of ammonia at a pressure in temperature when the steam table doesn't say it

I just bought a steam table for my thermodynamics class since they don't allow use to use the one from the book for the tests. This one is different from the one in my textbook as it doesn't give the ...
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73 views

### Finding two dimensional critical point

I'm reading an article about bi layered membranes which state that for the free energy function $f(\theta) = \theta \ln \theta + (1-\theta)\ln(1-\theta) + \chi \theta (1-\theta)$ Where $\phi_i$ is ...
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451 views

### How do I derive the critical temperature for bose condensation in two dimensions?

In class we derived the 3D case, but there's a step I don't understand:  N = g \cdot {V \over (2 \pi \hbar)^3} \cdot \int\limits_{0}^{\infty}{1 \over{e^{\left( E_p \over{K_B T}\right)}-1}} d^3 p = ...
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19 views

### Can one get clear ice crystals from a dirty suspension?

Euteictic freeze crystallization is a method where an electrolytic solution is cooled and separated into a stream of (relativly) clean, pure ice and a salty brine. I know anectdotally of wine ...
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30 views

### Will humid air mitigate airborn dust due to neutralization of static electricity?

I have came to understand that humid air will help prevent electrostatic forces that can propel dust and cause it to cling to surfaces. My first question: is this above statement true? If the answer ...
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31 views

### In a non-degenerate plasma, why are e-e collision negligible compared to e-ion for thermal conduction?

I'm trying to make some order of magnitude estimates of heat transfer in stars - to better understand 1) why conduction is said to be negligible (for non-degenerate matter) and 2) when convection ...
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85 views

### Dissipation when the temperature is not constant

Consider a process where some chemical species diffuses from one part of a system (which I'll call $A$) to another ($B$) at a rate $r$ $\text{mol}\cdot \mathrm s^{-1}$. If the system's temperature is ...
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152 views

### 2nd law of thermodynamics: equivalency of statements

Clausius statement (according to Wikipedia): No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a body of lower temperature to a body of higher temperature. Clausius equality: ...
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50 views

### Explain to me how this water cooler works?

Goodday all, I was recently reading up on a few projects that might be of interest to me when I found "CPU Bong water coolers", there isn't much online on them so I figure I would ask y'all. If you ...
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48 views

### Calculate how hot PLA will become

I am trying to attach the shaft of a brass heating tip to a PLA component. My problem is that the tip will have to reach a temperature of about 200°C and the PLA can only handle a temperature of about ...
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27 views

### Calculating the change in entropy in a melting process

I have a homework question that I'm completely stumped on and need help solving it. I have a $50\, \mathrm{g}$ ice cube at $-15\, \mathrm{C}$ that is in a container of $200\, \mathrm{g}$ of water at ...
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42 views

### What defines the adiabatic flame temperature?

In a case, I have to solve, I need to describe the combustion of natural gas (Groningen natural gas to be more specific). However I am having some problems understanding the adiabatic flame ...
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64 views

### what's the difference between linear n-atom molecule and nonlinear n-atom molecule?

I am reading a material about the degree of freedom for linear n-atom molecule and nonlinear n-atom molecule. Here is my analysis for a diatomic molecule, if there are two atoms, we have to use 3 ...
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18 views

### Henry's Law in metals

For fixed temperature the concentration of a gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the gas pressure $p$, i.e. $c_s (T,p) = f(T)p$. Since $H_2$ only dissolves in metals as single ...
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31 views

### What temperatures can be reached in an air-to-air thermocompressor nozzle and why?

People are generally of the opinion that the boiler injector cannot be redesigned to run on air. In other words, an air-to-air thermocompressor that puts fresh air into a tank without a mechanical ...
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30 views

### What is the meaning of $h_L - h_H$ for a heat engine?

My problem gives me a Carnot cycle heat engine with water as its working fluid, with $T_H$, $T_L$, and the fact that it starts from saturated liquid to saturated vapor in the heating process. I need ...
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92 views

### Difficulties with understanding total entropy change and unavailabillty

Of course, I know the fact that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases. Neverthless what makes me confused about the entropy(or change of entropy) of an isolated system is the explanation ...
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76 views

### Rotational Constant and Moment of Inertia of Fluorine gas

I have come across some homework question on thermodynamics which needs me to calculate $B$ of $F_2$ My attempt: $B= \frac{h}{8\pi^2cI}$ where $I=\mu r^2=\frac{m_1m_2}{m_1+m_2} r^2$ Atomic mass of ...
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43 views

### How to solve state parameters using these givens for an ideal gas?

In a thermodynamic turbine using air as an ideal gas, given that you have a known inlet temperature value $T_i$, a known exit pressure value $P_e$, a known inlet and exit velocity $V_i$ and $V_e$, a ...
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70 views

### How much money does an unused but plugged-in cellphone-charger waste in a year, if its not getting warm?

Is it right as xkcd states: You can use heat flow to come up with simple rule of thumb: If an unused charger isn’t warm to the touch, it’s using less than a penny of electricity a day. Or, more ...
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59 views

### What's the underlying particle physics of endothermic reactions?

I don't just mean reactions that require heat to proceed, storing surplus energy in chemical bonds. I wonder about strongly endothermic reactions that suck heat out of environment. You take some ...
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115 views

### An explanation for the Landauer's principle

Has anyone understood the Landauer's principle? What is the current status? In specific, is there a theoretical derivation of the Landauer's Principle?(not the heuristic one based on Salizard's ...
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37 views

### Free Energy and quantum measurement

Free Energy must be expended to reset the state of an measurement apparatus. Is this statement valid in all situations? Is there a Definitive mathematical exposition?
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### “This is not a perpetual motion machine, because reservoir temperatures are changing.” Is it a valid argument?

I've already faced this situation several times: given a statement (in area of thermodynamics) I used it to provide an example of some perpetual motion machine (of first or second kind). Therefore, I ...
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49 views

### Temperature measurement, precision

I am having problems with one of the problems I have done (a) which is basically $\theta = 273.16K (19/15) = 346.00K$ For (b) I am given that the length is 15.00cm when the thermometer is incontact ...
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35 views

### What is the fluid approximation for BCS action?

For a system with free fermion gas at finite density (i.e. free Dirac action), we have an ideal fluid description with rho, p, n. What is the fluid description for BCS action? Suppose we have a box ...
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64 views

### Temperature of the CMB when the Earth formed and the faint young Sun paradox

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has a modern temperature of about 2.7 K. At the time of the origin of the CMB, about 13.6 billion years ago, it had a temperature of about 3000 K. ...
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154 views

### Centrifugal Compressor Flow Rate

For a centrifugal compressor, as found in most turbochargers on internal combustion engines, is there a noticeable change in flow rate versus a naturally aspirated flow rate? In other words, does the ...
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166 views

### Is the $mL_c$ value for triangular and rectangular fins the same value?

I am looking at the solutions that my professor put up and I feel that he did something wrong. Here is the question and I will give my stab at the solution so you can see why I think that it is wrong. ...
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237 views

### How equivalent are heat energy and work energy in connection with a spinning flywheel?

Let's say we have two identical spinning flywheels, that have arbitrary geometry, and are made of copper. Now we apply some heat energy at the center point of flywheel A, causing it to slow down a ...
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59 views

### How many times brighter could the stars shine without raising the temperature of space?

If my understanding is correct, the temperature of space (as defined by the temperature that a black-body will reach) has been decreasing since the big bang. It has never increased. Additionally, ...
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279 views

### Do the properties of two streams flowing into an engine add together when they mix?

Let's say I have two stream supplys that have separate mass flow rates, enthalpies, and velocities that flow into an engine. Upstream of the engine's inlet, the two streams mix to form one stream that ...
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44 views

### Air pressure in balloon

I have to calculate the air pressure inside of an hot air balloon. After some searching I found out that I can use the ideal gas law: PV = nRT (from Wikipedia) So to get the pressure in the balloon I ...
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20 views

### Total massflow through heat exchanger

I am working on a project and I stumbled on a problem. The project is to design a heat pump to replace the old system (actual problem, not some homework problem). There are 100 or so induction units ...
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30 views

### How connected thermodynamical stability and dynamical stability for black holes?

Criteria for thermodynamical stability is the convex of entropy. But for black hole entropy is non-additive.
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### What is the effect of an increase in pressure on latent heat of vaporization?

What is latent heat of vaporization ($L_v$) in the first place? Wikipedia seems to indicate that it is the energy used in overcoming intermolecular interactions, without taking into account at all any ...
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19 views

### Heat transfer in fluid between two horizontal plates vs unconfined case

I often see the correlation for turbulent heat transfer between liquid cells published by Globe and Dropkin (1959). In the original paper the fluid was confined between two horizontal plates and ...
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39 views

### Lambda transition data points of $\require{mhchem}\ce{^4He}$

I'm looking to get some data on the lambda transition of $\require{mhchem}\ce{^4He}$. I need the data points of the specific heat vs. temperature graph, if that makes sense.
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39 views

### What does “condensation releases heat” mean?

In meteorology it is said that in an air parcel cooled below dew point, condensation "releases heat". What does "releases" mean? to where? If the heat results in a rise of temperature, what gets ...
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26 views

### Heat of adsorption from fugacity data

I have a set of data relating the fugacity ($\approx$ pressure) to the loading for a given set of temperatures. There are three temperature sets each having five fugacity vs. loading points. The ...
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26 views

### Increase in number of micro states explanation or restatement of second law?

Is the boltzmann's expression of entropy as log of micro states leading to the formulation that system is more likely to be in a macrostate with more no. Of micro states really is an explanation or ...
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