## Newspapers

I don't know whether in your homes, at the weekend, there are lots of newspapers lying about. Maybe you travel by train a lot and when you get into the train there are lots of bits of newspapers on the seats and tables. These things happen because they're not stapled together like magazines usually are [like the ones that tell you what's on the T.V.].

So what we're thinking about is newspaper that has had the pages separated and they're lying about instead of being like they were when they were bought at the shop. We'll think about a very small newspaper in that it only has eight pages. It would be a good idea to have two sheets of paper [the same size] ready now so that we can talk this through more easily. You could use two sheets of paper from a real newspaper [ask the adult who bought the newspaper first!] or just two pieces of A4 folded down the middle. They should look like this:-

Now that you've got these you will need to put one inside the other, fold the two together and then number the pages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.

To help you to see my pictures better I've done the numbers in a special way.

When the pages are facing you I put the numbers in a yellow box.

I've pretended that you can see through the thin paper and so you can see the number that's written on the side not facing you. That number I've put into a pink box.

You should write the numbers the correct way round from 1 to 8.

So the middle sheet of the newspaper looks like:-

If I remove that sheet the outside sheet will look like:-

Now you have all that you need so let's have a look at the challenge.

When pages get separated at home we have to try to sort them out and get things in the correct order so that we can follow the stories and pictures.

Let's suppose that in our eight-page newspaper there is just one complete story on each page and so it does not matter what order the pages are in, as long as the writing is not upside down!

How many ways can we arrange the pages [no tearing!] so that the numbering may be different?

Here is a start I've made:

I N N E R - S H E E T - - - - - - - - O U T E R - S H E E T

A)

B)

C)

In A) I've turned the inside sheet over so now the pages go 1, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4, 7, 8.

In B) I've got the inside sheet the correct way round but have turned over the first sheet, so now the pages go 7, 8, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2.

In C) I've got both sheets turned over so now the pages go 7, 8, 5, 6, 3, 4, 1, 2.

Now of course there are other things we can do, like we can change the order of the sheets so that one arrangement could be like this.

I N N E R - S H E E T - - - - - - - - - - O U T E R - S H E E T

The page numbers now go 3, 4, 1, 2, 7, 8, 5, 6.

Well have a go yourself, be as inventive as you like BUT the writing must be the correct way up.

It would be good to find a way of recording all the page number orders, and look at them all together.

Good luck.

I usually ask you to provide a question like "I wonder what would happen if ...?''. Well I'm going to give you one this time:

What would happen if we had three sheets of paper and so we had twelve pages to number?

If you found a way of doing the first challenge you may be able to use that same system for getting ALL the ways of arranging these three sheet and looking at the numberings that occur. I guess it would be good to then explore these sets of numbers that show the page numberings. [That's a funny word!]

### Why do this problem?

Use this activity to present youngsters with a problem that challenges them to think 'outside the box'. It can help to develop general problem solving strategies and find suitable ways of recoding their results.

### Possible approach

This presents a good opportunity to hand over to the pupils the decision as to how to approach this challenge.

This activity allows the youngsters to create good ways of recording what they have done and communicate their findings to a whole class by producing a display. It may end up as an assessment for patience and perseverence!

### Key questions

When pupils have made decisions then ask, "Are you allowed to do that?"
Do you think there are any more possibilities?

### Possible extension

Some children could be asked what they could do about changing one of the rules, but beware of going further than using three sheets of paper i.e. 12 pages! You can also challenge them to look at methods of progressing so as to make sure that they get all the possible combinations.

### For the exceptionally mathematically able

For those very able pupils we would expect them to pursue the three sheet of the paper making $12$ pages. They might be encouraged to explore methods of ensuring that all the combinations are found. This could lead to a method for n numbers of sheets.

### Possible support

For those who struggle with the whole idea it would be good to have the sheets of paper ready so that they can rearrange them physically.

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I found that a group of children who were 8 and 9 years old coped with this very enthusiastically. They got a lot out of it and were very creative with their ideas.
Even if all the combinations are not found by your class we'd be pleased to hear how it went and what aspects of the activity caught their interest and which did not.
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