Figure 1: The chiral tetragonal phase of elemental tellurium as a result of multiple charge order. (a) The distortion pattern of a one-dimensional chain with a two-third filled band, described by the displacements $u=cos(qx)$, with $q=2π/3a$. (b) The same one-dimensional pattern repeated throughout a three-dimensional simple cubic lattice. The displacements are given by $u=cos(Q⋅r)x̂$, with $Q=(q,q,q)$ and $x̂=(1,0,0)$. (c) The chiral combination of three differently polarized one-dimensional patterns with a relative phase difference of $ϕ=2π/3$. The distortion pattern $u=(cos(Q⋅r),cos(Q⋅r+ϕ),cos(Q⋅r+2ϕ))$ coincides with the tetragonal lattice structure of $Te$. The chirality of the pattern is indicated by the corkscrewlike arrow following the double bonds in the final structure.
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