### LOGO Challenge 5 - Patch

Using LOGO, can you construct elegant procedures that will draw this family of 'floor coverings'?

### LOGO Challenge - Triangles-squares-stars

Can you recreate these designs? What are the basic units? What movement is required between each unit? Some elegant use of procedures will help - variables not essential.

### LOGO Challenge - Tilings

Three examples of particular tilings of the plane, namely those where - NOT all corners of the tile are vertices of the tiling. You might like to produce an elegant program to replicate one or all of these.

# Napoleon's Theorem

##### Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:

Triangle $ABC$ has equilateral triangles drawn on its edges. Points $P$, $Q$ and $R$ are the centres of the equilateral triangles. You can change triangle $ABC$ below by dragging the vertices and observe what happens to triangle $PQR$.

What can you prove about the triangle $PQR$?

NOTES AND BACKGROUND

There are many ways of proving this result. One way you might like to try involves tessellation.

(1) Draw any triangle, with angles $A, B$ and $C$ say.

(2) Draw equilateral triangles $T_1, T_2$ and $T_3$ on the three sides of $\Delta ABC$.

(3) Fit copies of the original triangle and $T_1, T_2$ and $T_3$ into a tessellation pattern so that, at each vertex of the tessellation, the angles are $A, B$ and $C$ and three angles of $60^o$ making an angle sum of $360^o$.

(4) Napoleon's Theorem can be proved by simple geometry using a small part of this pattern without even assuming that this tessellation extends indefinitely in all directions, which is intuitively obvious but requires advanced mathematics to prove it.

This text is usually replaced by the Flash movie.

Van Aubel's Theorem is related to Napoleon's Theorem. Van Aubel's Theorem states that if four squares are drawn on the edges of any quadrilateral then the lines joining the centres of the squares on opposite edges are equal in length and perpendicular.

For an animated proof of Van Aubel's Theorem see http://agutie.homestead.com/files/vanaubel.html

The NRICH Project aims to enrich the mathematical experiences of all learners. To support this aim, members of the NRICH team work in a wide range of capacities, including providing professional development for teachers wishing to embed rich mathematical tasks into everyday classroom practice. More information on many of our other activities can be found here.
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