# Tagged Questions

Convergence of sequences and different modes of convergence.

3answers
810 views

### Does the series $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{1 + |\sin(n)|}}$ converge or diverge?

Does the following series converge or diverge? I would like to see a demonstration. $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{1 + |\sin(n)|}}.$$ I can see that:  \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^{1 + ...
1answer
631 views

### How to prove convergence of polynomials in $e$ (Euler's number)

These polynomials in $e$ converge to 2$$f(i)=e^i - i \sum_{k=1}^{i-1}\frac{(i-k)^{k-1}{e^{i-k}}{(-1)^{k+1}}}{k!}, \text{ where } i>1$$ This function goes to 2. I've calculated this with sage math ...
2answers
545 views

### How to prove that $\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(n-1)!}{n\prod\limits_{i=1}^n(a+i)}=\sum\limits_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{(a+k)^2}$ for $a>-1$?

A problem on my (last week's) real analysis homework boiled down to proving that, for $a>-1$, $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(n-1)!}{n\prod\limits_{i=1}^n(a+i)}=\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{(a+k)^2}.$$ ...
1answer
213 views

### Are there always singularities at the edge of a disk of convergence?

Take a function that is analytic at 0 and consider its Maclaurin Series. Here are some examples I'll refer to: $$\frac{1}{1-x} =\sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n$$ \frac{1}{1+x^2} ...
7answers
962 views

### “Why do I always get 1 when I keep hitting the square root button on my calculator?”

I asked myself this question when I was a young boy playing around with the calculator. Today, I think I know the answer, but I'm not sure whether I'd be able to explain it to a child or layman ...
6answers
289 views

### Establish convergence of the series: $1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}-…$

Establish convergence of the series: $1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}-...$ The number of signs increases by one in each "block". I have an idea. Group the series like ...
3answers
431 views

### Why can't $\sqrt{2}^{\sqrt{2}{^\sqrt{2}{^\cdots}}}>2$?

So we have$$\sqrt{2}^{\sqrt{2}{^\sqrt{2}{^\cdots}}}=x\\\sqrt{2}^x=x$$where $x=2$ heuristically seems like a good solution. However, $x=4$ seems like an equally good solution. I was told in passing ...
4answers
367 views

### A double sum $\sum \limits_{n=1}^{n=\infty}\left(\sum \limits_{k=n}^{k=n^2}\frac{1}{k^2}\right)$

How to evaluate $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^{n=\infty}\left(\sum_{k=n}^{k=n^2}\frac{1}{k^2}\right)$?
0answers
650 views

### Prove that sum is finite

Let $j \in \mathbb{N}$. Set $$a_j^{(1)}=a_j:=\sum_{i=0}^j\frac{(-1)^{j-i}}{i!6^i(2(j-i)+1)!}$$ and $a_j^{(l+1)}=\sum_{i=0}^ja_ia_{j-i}^{(l)}$. Please help me to prove that the following sum is ...
1answer
893 views

### What is the limit of $n \sin (2 \pi \cdot e \cdot n!)$ as $n$ goes to infinity?

I tried and got this $$e=\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{1}{k!}=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{1}{k!}$$ $$n!\sum_{k=0}^n\frac{1}{k!}=\frac{n!}{0!}+\frac{n!}{1!}+\cdots+\frac{n!}{n!}=m$$ where $m$ is an ...
3answers
395 views

### A question on convergence of series

Suppose $(z_i)$ is a sequence of complex numbers such that $|z_i|\to 0$ strictly decreasing. If $(a_i)$ is a sequence of complex numbers that has the property that for any $n\in\mathbb{N}$  ...
4answers
665 views

### Why ${ \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} }$ is divergent , but ${ \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} }$ is convergent?

I don't understand why ${ \displaystyle \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} }$ is divergent, but ${ \displaystyle \sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} }$ is convergent and its limit is equal to ...
3answers
280 views

### Does every sequence of rationals, whose sum is irrational, have a subsequence whose sum is rational

Assume we have a sequence of rational numbers $a=(a_n)$. Assume we have a summation function $S: \mathscr {L}^1 \mapsto \mathbb R, \ \ S(a)=\sum a_n$ ($\mathscr {L}^1$ is the sequence space whose sums ...
2answers
3k views

### Does there exist a bijective $f:\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that $\sum f(n)/n^2$ converges?

We know that $\displaystyle\zeta(2)=\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6}$ and it converges. Does there exists a bijective map $f:\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ such that the ...
5answers
280 views

### Convergent or Divergent? $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\left(2^{\frac1{n}}-1\right)$

Is $\sum_{n=1}^\infty(2^{\frac1{n}}-1)$ convergent or divergent? $$\lim_{n\to\infty}(2^{\frac1{n}}-1) = 0$$ I can't think of anything to compare it against. The integral looks too hard: ...
1answer
427 views

### Examples of Taylor series with interesting convergence along the boundary of convergence?

In most standard examples of power series, the question of convergence along the boundary of convergence has one of several "simple" answers. (I am considering power series of a complex variable.) ...
2answers
476 views

### If $\lim_n f_n(x_n)=f(x)$ for every $x_n \to x$ then $f_n \to f$ uniformly on $[0,1]$?

This is a self-posed question, so I do not know the answer and I would like to know what do you think about. Let $f,f_n:[0,1]\to \mathbb R$ be continuous functions. Assume that for every sequence ...
1answer
135 views

### Does $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-1-|\sin n|^a}$ converge for some $a\in(0,1)$?

The divergence of the series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-1-|\sin n|}$ is proved here. An inmediate consequence is that if $a\ge1$ then $\sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-1-|\sin n|^a}$ also diverges. My question is: ...
3answers
515 views

### Convergence\Divergence of $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac {1\cdot 3\cdots (2n-1)} {2\cdot 4\cdots (2n)}$

Prove convergence\divergence of the series: $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac {1\cdot 3\cdots (2n-1)} {2\cdot 4\cdots (2n)}$$ Here is what I have at the moment: Method I My first way uses a result that ...
2answers
625 views

### “Pseudo-Cauchy” sequences: are they also Cauchy?

I tried to prove something but I could not, I don't know if it's true or not, but I did not found a counterexample. Let $(a_n)$ be a sequence in a general metric space such that for any fixed \$k ...
5answers
479 views

### Slowing down divergence 2

Let $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ be positive nondecreasing functions such that $\sum_{n>1} \frac1{f(n)} \text{ and } \sum_{n>1} \frac1{g(n)}$ diverges. (Why) must the series \sum_{n>1} ...
1answer
538 views

### Infinite tetration, convergence radius

I got this problem from my teacher as a optional challenge. I am open about this being a given problem, however it is not homework. The problem is stated as follows. Assume we have an infinite ...
1answer
325 views

### A few counterexamples in the convergence of functions

I'm studying the various types of convergence for sequences of real valued functions defined on measure spaces: pointwise convergence a.e. , convergence in $L^p$ norm, weak convergence in $L^p$, and ...
1answer
197 views

### Showing a series is convergent. [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Contest problem about convergent series Let ${p}_{n}\in \mathbb{R}$ be positive for every $n$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{∞}\cfrac{1}{{p}_{n}}$ converges, How do I show that ...
2answers
245 views

### Generalized Fibonacci Sequence Question

The Fibonacci Sequence is defined as the recurrence $a(n)=a_{n-1}+a_{n-2}$ where $a(0)=0$ and $a(1)=1$. Today, I was bored so I considered the sequence $a(n)=\sqrt{a_{n-1}}+\sqrt{a_{n-2}}$. Ten ...
1answer
118 views

### Does $f_n \to 0$ in $L^1(\mathbb R^2)$ imply that $f_{n_k}(x,\cdot)\to 0$ in $L^1(\mathbb R)$ for almost every $x \in \mathbb R$?

I would like to know what you think about this question. It is a "self-posed" question: I formulated it while I was doing an exercise. Suppose you have \$(f_n)_{n\ \in \mathbb N}\subset ...
1answer
636 views

### Strong and weak convergence in $\ell^1$

Let $\ell^1$ be the space of absolutely summable real or complex sequences. Let us say that a sequence $(x_1, x_2, \ldots)$ of vectors in $\ell^1$ converges weakly to $x \in \ell^1$ if for every ...
2answers
86 views

### Does there exist a sequence of real numbers $\{a_n\}$ such that $\sum_na_n^k$ converges for $k=1$ but diverges for every other odd positive integer?

Does there exist a sequence of real numbers $\{a_n\}$ such that $\sum_na_n^k$ converges for $k=1$ but diverges for every other odd positive integer?
2answers
137 views

### About the solution of the infinite recurrence $f(x,f(x,f(x,f(x,f(…))))=a$

On internet I found some recreational problems as $$3=\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x+\sqrt{x+...}}}}$$ $$\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{x+\frac{1}{x+...}}$$ $$2=x^{x^{x^{...}}}$$ And the trick to solve them was just ...
1answer
82 views

### Existence of a specific reordering bijection

Please consider a bijection $g:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}$ with following properties: For all real series $(a_n)_{n\geq1}$, convergence of $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}a_n$ implies convergence of ...
1answer
206 views

### Convergence of the series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(2n)!!}{(2n+1)!!}$

Study the convergence of the next series: $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(2n)!!}{(2n+1)!!}$$ My solution: since $$\frac{(2n)!!}{(2n+2)!!} \leq \frac{(2n)!!}{(2n+1)!!}$$ forall $n \in \mathbb{N}$ and ...
5answers
439 views

### Why does this process, when iterated, tend towards a certain number? (the golden ratio?)

Take any number $x$ (edit: x should be positive, heh) Add 1 to it $x+1$ Find its reciprocal $1/(x+1)$ Repeat from 2 So, taking $x = 1$ to start: 1 2 (the + 1) 0.5 (the reciprocal) 1.5 (the + 1) ...
2answers
265 views

### Is $\frac{1}{\exp(z)} - \frac{1}{\exp(\exp(z))} + \frac{1}{\exp(\exp(\exp(z)))} -\ldots$ entire?

Let $z$ be a complex number. Is the alternating infinite series $f(z) = \frac{1}{\exp(z)} - \frac{1}{\exp(\exp(z))} + \frac{1}{\exp(\exp(\exp(z)))} -\ldots$ an entire function ? Does it even converge ...
3answers
329 views

### Does $f_{n}(x)=n\cos^n x \sin x$ uniformly converge for $x \in [0,\frac{\pi}{2}]$?

I want to check whether the following function is uniformly converges: $f_n(x)=n\cos^nx\sin x$ for $x \in \left[0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right]$. I proved that the $\lim \limits_{n \to \infty}f_{n}(x)=0$ for ...
2answers
313 views

### Convergence/Divergence of $\int_e^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x \ln x}\;dx$

I am currently doing some project and during the course of it I need to get an answer to the following: Does $\displaystyle \int_e^\infty \frac{\sin x}{x \ln x}\;dx$ converge/ absolutely ...
3answers
601 views

### Product of two power series

Say if I define a power series over some arbitrary field $F$ as $$a = \sum^{ \infty }_{i = 0} a_{i} X^{i}$$ Then can I say: ab = \sum^{ \infty }_{i = 0} \sum^{ \infty }_{j = 0} a_{i} b_{j} X^{i ...
1answer
907 views

### Uniform convergence of series $\sum\limits_{n=2}^\infty\frac{\sin n x}{n\log n}$

Using Dirichlet series test I've proves that series $\displaystyle\sum\limits_{n=2}^\infty\frac{\sin n x}{n\log n}$ converges for all $x\in\mathbb{R}$. How to determine whether the series ...
1answer
146 views

### Does Newton's method for inverting a series work?

Suppose we have $z=f(x)$ with $f$ an infinite series. We want to find $f^{-1}(z)=x$. Newton proposed the following method (as described in Dunham): First, we say $x=z+r$. We find $z=f(z+r)$, drop all ...
1answer
162 views

### Abel limit theorem

I would like to know if the Abel limit theorem works if the limit is infinite. Let the series $\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k x^k$ have radius of convergence 1. Assume further that \$\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k = ...
7answers
216 views

### Convergence of the sequence $(1+\frac{1}{n})(1+\frac{2}{n})\cdots(1+\frac{n}{n})$

I have a sequence $(a_n)$ where for each natural number $n$, $$a_n = (1+\frac{1}{n})(1+\frac{2}{n})\cdots(1+\frac{n}{n})$$ and I want to find its limit as $n\to\infty$. I obviously couldn't ...
3answers
570 views

### Check convergence of $\sum^{\infty}_{n=1} \frac{1}{(\ln\ln n)^{\ln n}}$

Check convergence of $$\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\frac{1}{(\ln \ln n)^{\ln n}}.$$ Please verify my solution below.
3answers
125 views

### Evaluating $\lim \limits_{n\to \infty} \left( n \int_{0}^{\frac \pi 2} 1-\sqrt [n]{\sin x} \,\mathrm dx \right)$

Evaluate the following limit: $$\lim \limits_{n\to \infty} \;\; n \int_{0}^{\frac \pi 2} \left(1-\sqrt [n]{\sin x} \right)\,\mathrm dx$$ I have done the problem . How I solved is First I ...
5answers
135 views

### Convergence of a sequence $c_n$

Suppose that $(a_n)$ and $(b_n)$ be sequences such that $\lim (a_n)=0$ and $\displaystyle \lim \left( \sum_{i=1}^n b_i \right)$ exists. Define $c_n = a_1 b_n + a_2 b_{n-1} + \dots + a_n b_1$. Prove ...
1answer
176 views

### Convergence of $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin^2(n)}{n}$

Does the series $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin^2(n)}{n}$$ converges? I've tried to apply some tests, and I don't know how to bound the general term, so I must have missed something. Thanks in ...
1answer
206 views

### Prove the divergence of a particular series, given that another series diverges

Suppose $\{a_i\}_{i\in\mathbb N}$ is an increasing sequence of positive real numbers such that $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{a_n}=+\infty.\tag{1}$$ Then I have to show that also ...
1answer
141 views

### Matrix algorithm convergence

Suppose I start with a $n \times n$ matrix of zeros and ones:  \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1\\ 1 ...
1answer
189 views

### Convergence in topologies

Let $\tau_1\subseteq \tau_2$ be two Hausdorff regular topologies in an infinite set $X$ such that the convergences of sequences in $\tau_1$ and $\tau_2$ coincide (they have the same convergent ...
4answers
81 views

### $a_{n+f(n)}-a_{n}\rightarrow0$ implies convergence?

$(a_{n})$ is a sequence of reals. Say $a_{n+f(n)}-a_{n}$ tends to 0 as n tends to infinity for every function f from the positive integers to the positive integers. Does this imply that $a_{n}$ is ...
3answers
435 views

### In what spaces does the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem hold?

The Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem says that every bounded sequence in $\Bbb R^n$ contains a convergent subsequence. The proof in Wikipedia evidently doesn't go through for an infinite-dimensional space, ...
4answers
465 views

### Please explain how Conditionally Convergent can be valid?

I understand the basic idea of Conditionally Convergent (some infinitely long series can be made to converge to any value by reordering the series). I just do not understand how this could possibly be ...
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