# Thread:

1. ## solar funnel trig problem

I posted this in a high school forum yesterday, but didn't get any response, so sorry if you see this twice.

I'm trying to work out a formula that solves theta given x and y.

I'll attach a diagram. What I'm trying to work out is the smallest theta (widest funnel) where light hitting the top of the funnel just enters the oven, and doesn't hit the funnel on the other side.

any help?
Attached Thumbnails

2. Originally Posted by nervousnelly
I posted this in a high school forum yesterday, but didn't get any response, so sorry if you see this twice.

I'm trying to work out a formula that solves theta given x and y.

I'll attach a diagram. What I'm trying to work out is the smallest theta (widest funnel) where light hitting the top of the funnel just enters the oven, and doesn't hit the funnel on the other side.

any help?
You need to solve:

$\tan(180-2\theta)=\frac{x+y \cos(\theta)}{y \sin(\theta)}$

use trig identities to reduce to something containing $\sin$s and $\cos$s of $\theta$ only. then see what you can do

RonL

3. Thanks CaptainBlack, I appreciated the time you took to getting me closer to the solution.

The trouble is high school trig was 16 years ago, and even if I learnt trig identities, i forgot them 2 hours after the last exam. This is for a personal project I'm working on, a solar funnel. I'm not in any classes, it's a one off problem

I googled trig identities, and it may as well have been written in greek. (sight pun there)

4. Originally Posted by nervousnelly
Thanks CaptainBlack, I appreciated the time you took to getting me closer to the solution.

The trouble is high school trig was 16 years ago, and even if I learnt trig identities, i forgot them 2 hours after the last exam. This is for a personal project I'm working on, a solar funnel. I'm not in any classes, it's a one off problem

I googled trig identities, and it may as well have been written in greek. (sight pun there)
Don't bother, now you will learn the dreadfull secret of maths, when we
have a practical problem we don't usually bother with all that.

Just post the values of x and y and we will solve this numerically for you
(without tidying up the trig)

If you need to find theta for many x's and y's what we can do is observe that theta depends
on z=x/y, so we compute a table of theta against z.

RonL

5. thanks,

what I'm hoping for is a little web page with javascript or php function to calculate theta.

so x might be 40 and y might be 50, but could be anything.

i think if x = y, theta is 90 - 45 / 2

6. Originally Posted by nervousnelly
thanks,

what I'm hoping for is a little web page with javascript or php function to calculate theta.

so x might be 40 and y might be 50, but could be anything.

i think if x = y, theta is 90 - 45 / 2
I think the formula you are looking for is $\boxed{\cos\theta = \frac{\sqrt{y^2+8x^2}-y}{4x}}$.

When x = y, this gives θ = 60°. This is certainly correct, because if x=y then the triangle formed by the sides labelled x and y, together with the long dashed red line of incident light, is isosceles (another long-forgotten word from high school?), and it's then easy to verify geometrically that its angles must be 30°, 30° and 120°.

7. that's awesome opalg, thank you very much.

i made 50 = x = y

and got cos t = 1/2

not sure what to do from there?

(you're right, no idea what an isosceles is )

edit:

i worked it out (cos^-1), thank you very much captainblack and opalg. I appreciate it.

8. I think something is a miss.

I seem to be getting numbers between 45 and 90, rather than 0 and 90.

If I make y=2 and x=200, I should get a figure close to 0, but I get 45.something.

any ideas?

9. Originally Posted by nervousnelly
I think something is amiss.

I seem to be getting numbers between 45 and 90, rather than 0 and 90.

If I make y=2 and x=200, I should get a figure close to 0, but I get 45.something.

any ideas?
The angle θ can never be less than 45°. If you look at your diagram, you'll see that if θ=45° then the vertical ray of incident light gets reflected horizontally across to the opposite rim of the funnel. If θ is less than 45° then the ray will be reflected back upwards and certainly cannot enter the funnel.
Attached Thumbnails

10. you're absolutely right, i see it now. thank you very much, i appreciate it.

11. I might as well show this done numerically:

Code:
```>function bi(z1)
$  global z
$  ll=length(z1);rv=[];
$  ss="tan(pi-2*x)-(z+cos(x))/sin(x)";
$  for idx=1 to ll
$    z=z1(idx);
$    rv=rv_[z,bisect(ss,pi/4,pi/2)];
$  end
$  return rv
$endfunction
>
>bi([0.1:0.1:3])
          0.1       1.47256 
          0.2       1.38356 
          0.3       1.30822 
          0.4       1.24641 
          0.5       1.19606 
          0.6       1.15483 
          0.7       1.12072 
          0.8       1.09215 
          0.9       1.06794 
            1        1.0472 
          1.1       1.02925 
          1.2       1.01358 
          1.3      0.999785 
          1.4      0.987552 
          1.5      0.976632 
          1.6      0.966827 
          1.7      0.957974 
          1.8      0.949944 
          1.9      0.942625 
            2      0.935929 
          2.1       0.92978 
          2.2      0.924112 
          2.3      0.918873 
          2.4      0.914014 
          2.5      0.909497 
          2.6      0.905286 
          2.7      0.901352 
          2.8      0.897667 
          2.9      0.894209 
            3      0.890958 
>```

RonL
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