This is a list of historians.
The names are grouped by order of the historical period in which they were living and producing works, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialize.[1]

Antiquity
Greco-Roman world

Classical period
Herodotus (484 BC–c. 420 BC), Halicarnassus, wrote the Histories that established Western historiography
Thucydides (460 BC–c. 400 BC), Peloponnesian War
Xenophon (431 BC–c. 360 BC), Athenian knight and student of Socrates
Ctesias (early 4th century BC), Greek historian of Assyrian, Persian, and Indian history
Hellenistic period
Theopompus (c. 380 BC-c. 315 BC), Greek history
Eudemus of Rhodes (c. 370-c. 300 BC), Greek historian of science
Ptolemy I Soter (367 BC–c. 283 BC), general of Alexander the Great, founder of Ptolemaic Dynasty
Duris of Samos (c. 350 BC – after 281 BC), Greek history
Berossus (early 3rd century BC), Babylonian historian
Timaeus of Tauromenium (c. 345 BC–c. 250 BC), Greek history
Manetho (3rd century BC), Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who lived during the Ptolemaic era
Quintus Fabius Pictor (c. 254 BC–?), Roman history
Artapanus of Alexandria (late 3rd to early 2nd centuries BC), Jewish historian of Ptolemaic Egypt
Cato the Elder (234-149 BC), Roman statesman and historian, author of the Origines
Gaius Acilius (fl. 155 BC), Roman history
Agatharchides (fl. mid 2nd century BC), Greek history
Polybius (203 BC–c. 120 BC), early Roman history (written in Greek)
Sempronius Asellio (c. 158 – after 91 BC), early Roman history
Diodorus of Sicily (1st century BC), Greek history
Posidonius (c. 135 BC – 51 BC), Greek and Roman history
Theophanes of Mytilene (fl. mid 1st century BC), Roman history
Roman Empire
Julius Caesar (100 BC–c. 44 BC), Gallic and civil wars
Sallust (86 BC–34 BC), Roman history
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (c. 60 BC–after 7 BC), Roman history
Livy (c. 59 BC–c. 17 AD), Roman history
Memnon of Heraclea (fl. 1st century AD), Greek and Roman history
Strabo (63 BC-24 AD), geography, Greek history
Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC–c. 31 AD), Roman history
Claudius (10 BC–54 AD), Roman, Etruscan and Carthaginian history
Pamphile of Epidaurus (female historian active during the reign of Nero, r. 54–68), Greek history
Marcus Cluvius Rufus, (fl. 41–69), Roman history
Quintus Curtius Rufus (c. 60–70), Greek history
Flavius Josephus (37–100), Jewish history
Dio Chrysostom (c. 40 – c. 115 AD), history of the Getae
Thallus (early 2nd century AD), Roman history
Gaius Cornelius Tacitus (c. 56–c. 120), early Roman Empire
Plutarch (c. 46–120), would not have counted himself as an historian, but is a useful source because of his Parallel Lives of important Greeks and Romans
Criton of Heraclea (fl. 100), history of the Getae and the Dacian Wars
Suetonius (c.69 – after 122), Roman emperors up to the Flavian dynasty
Appian (c. 95–c. 165), Roman history
Arrian (c. 92–175), Greek history
Granius Licinianus (2nd century), Roman history
Criton of Pieria (2nd century), Greek history
Lucius Ampelius (2nd century AD?), Roman history
Dio Cassius (c. 160–after 229), Roman history
Marius Maximus (c. 160 – c. 230), biographer of Roman emperors
Diogenes Laërtius (fl. c. 230), history of Greek philosophers
Sextus Julius Africanus (c. 160 – c. 240), early Christian
Herodian (c. 170–c. 240), Roman history
Publius Anteius Antiochus (early 3rd century)
Gaius Asinius Quadratus (fl. 248), Roman history
Dexippus (c. 210 – 273), Roman history
Ephorus the Younger (late 3rd century), Roman history
Acholius (late 3rd century), Roman history
Callinicus (d. 273), history of Alexandria
Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 275–c. 339), early Christian
Praxagoras of Athens (fl. early 4th century), Greek and Roman history
Festus (fl. 370), Roman history
Aurelius Victor (c. 320 – c. 390), Roman history
Eutropius (d. 390), Roman history
Ammianus Marcellinus (c. 325–c. 391), Roman history
Virius Nicomachus Flavianus (334–394), Roman history
Sulpicius Alexander (fl. late 4th century), Roman history
Rufinus of Aquileia (c. 340–410), early Christian
Eunapius (346–414), biographies of philosophers and universal history
Orosius (c. 375 – after 418), early Christian
Philostorgius (368–c. 439), early Christian
Socrates of Constantinople (c. 380–?), early Christian
Agathangelos (5th century), Armenian history
Priscus (5th century), Byzantine history
Sozomen (c. 400–c. 450), early Christian
Theodoret (c. 393–c. 457), early Christian
Movses Khorenatsi (13 January 410–488), Armenian history
Hydatius (c. 400–c. 469), chronicler of Hispania
Salvian (c. 400/405–c. 493), early Christian
Faustus of Byzantium (5th century), Armenian history
Ghazar Parpetsi (441/443–510/515), Armenian history
Zosimus (fl. 491–518), late Roman history
Jordanes (6th century), history of the Goths
John Malalas (c. 491–578), Early Christian
China

Sima Tan (165 – 110 BC), Chinese historian and father of Sima Qian, who completed his Records of the Grand Historian
Sima Qian (c. 145 BC–c. 86 BC), founder of Chinese historiography who compiled the Records of the Grand Historian (although this was preceded by the Book of Documents and Zuo Zhuan)
Liu Xiang (79 BC–8 BC) (Chinese Han Dynasty), Chinese history
Ban Biao (3–54) (Chinese Han Dynasty), started the Book of Han that was completed by his son and daughter
Ban Gu (32–92) (Chinese Han Dynasty), Chinese history
Ban Zhao (45–116) (Chinese Han Dynasty, China's first female historian)
Chen Shou (233–297) (Chinese Jin Dynasty), compiled the Records of the Three Kingdoms
Fa-Hien (c. 337–c. 422), Chinese Buddhist monk and historian
Fan Ye (398–445), Chinese history, compiled the Book of Later Han
Shen Yue (441–513), Chinese history of the Liu Song Dynasty (420–479)
Middle Ages
Byzantine sphere

Procopius (c. 500–c. 565), Byzantine, useful for writings on the reign of Justinian and Theodora
Constantine of Preslav (late 9th century–early 10th century), Bulgarian historian
Nestor the Chronicler (c. 1056–c. 1114, in Kiev), author of the Primary Chronicle
Joannes Zonaras (12th century), Byzantine chronicler
Nicetas Choniates (died c. 1220)
Domentijan (1210–1264), Serbian monk and chronicler
Latin sphere

Early Middle Ages
Gregory of Tours (538–594), A History of the Franks
Baudovinia (fl. c. 600), Frankish nun who wrote a biography of Radegund
Cogitosus (fl. c. 650), Irish historian
Tírechán (fl. c. 655), Irish biographer of Saint Patrick
Muirchu moccu Machtheni (7th century), Irish historian
Adamnan (625–704), Irish historian
Bede (c. 672–735), Anglo-Saxon England
Paul the Deacon (8th century), Langobards
Einhard (9th century), biographer of Charlemagne
Nennius (9th century?), Wales
Notker of St Gall (9th century), anecdotal biography of Charlemagne
Martianus Hiberniensis (819–875), Irish teacher and historian
Asser, Bishop of Sherborne (died 908/909), Welsh historian
Regino of Prüm (died 915)
High Middle Ages

fl. 10th century
Widukind of Corvey (925–973), Ottonian chronicler
Liutprand of Cremona (922–972), Byzantine affairs
Heriger of Lobbes (925–1007)
fl. 11th century
Thietmar of Merseburg (25 July 975–1 December 1018), German, Polish, and Russian affairs
Michael Psellus (1018–c. 1078)
Marianus Scotus (1028–1082/1083), Irish chronicler
Michael Attaleiates (c. 1015–c. 1080)
Guibert of Nogent (1053–1124)
Eadmer (c. 1066–c. 1124), post-Conquest English history
Adam of Bremen (second half of the 11th century), historian of Scandinavia, work Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum
fl. 12th century
Albert of Aix (fl. circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade
Florence of Worcester (died 1118), English chronicler
Symeon of Durham (died after 1129), English chronicler
Alured of Beverley (fl. 1143), English chronicler
William of Malmesbury (1095–1143), English
Anna Comnena (1083–after 1148)
John of Worcester (fl. 1150s), English chronicler
Saxo Grammaticus (12th century), Danish
Ambroise (fl. 1190s), Anglo-Norman poet, wrote verse narrative of the Third Crusade
Galbert of Bruges (12th century), Flemish chronicler
Gallus Anonymus (fl. 11th–12th centuries), Polish historian
Svend Aagesen (c. 1140/1150–?), Danish historian
Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1100–c. 1155), churchman/historian
Helmold of Bosau (ca. 1120–after 1177), German chronicler
William of Tyre (c. 1128–1186)
William of Newburgh (1135–1198), English historian called "the father of historical criticism"
Geoffroi de Villehardouin (c. 1160–1212)
fl. 13th century
Giraldus Cambrensis (c. 1146–c. 1223)
Wincenty Kadlubek (1161–1223), Polish historian
Adam of Eynsham (died c. 1233), English hagiographer and writer, abbot of Eynsham Abbey
Snorri Sturluson (c. 1178–1241), Icelandic historian
Matthew Paris (died 1259)
Salimbene di Adam (1221–c. 1290), Italian
Templar of Tyre (c. 1230–1314), end of the Crusades
Late Middle Ages
Historians of the Italian Renaissance are listed under "Renaissance".
Piers Langtoft (died c. 1307)
Jean de Joinville (1224–1319)
John Clyn (fl. 1333–1349), Irish historian
Jean Froissart (c. 1337–c. 1405), chronicler
Dietrich of Nieheim (c. 1345–1418), ecclesiastic history
Adhamh Ó Cianáin (died 1373)
Alfonso de Cartagena (1396–1456)
Christine de Pizan (c. 1365–c. 1430), historian, poet, philosopher
Álvar García de Santa María (1370–1460)
Giolla Íosa Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh (fl. 1390–1418)
John Capgrave (1393–1464)
Jan Długosz (1415–1480), Polish historian and chronicler
Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa (1439–1498), compiler and annalist
Giovanni Villani (1276–1348), Italian chronicler from Florence who wrote the Nuova Cronica
Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin (died 1372)
John of Fordun (died 1384), Scottish chronicler
Ruaidhri Ó Cianáin (died 1387)
Islamic world

Ibn Rustah (10th century), Persian historian and traveler
Muhammad al-Tabari (838–923), Great Persian historian
Al-Biruni (973–1048), Persian historian
Mohammed al-Baydhaq (fl. 1150), Moroccan historian
Usamah ibn Munqidh (1095–1188)
Abdelwahid al-Marrakushi (born 1185), Moroccan historian
Ibn al-Khabbaza (died 1239), Moroccan historian
Ata al-Mulk Juvayni (1226–1283), Persian historian
Abdelaziz al-Malzuzi (died 1298), Moroccan historian
Ibn Abi Zar (fl. 1315), Moroccan historian
Ibn Idhari (late 13th and the early 14th century), Moroccan historian
Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1317), Persian historian
Abdullah Wassaf (1299–1323), Persian historian
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), North African historian "of the world"
Ismail ibn al-Ahmar (1387–1406), Moroccan historian
Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi (died 1454), Persian historian
Far East
Fang Xuanling (579–648) (Chinese Tang Dynasty), compiled the Book of Jin
Yao Silian (died 637) (Chinese Tang Dynasty), compiled the Book of Liang and Book of Chen
Wei Zheng (580–643), Chinese historian and lead editor of the Book of Sui
Liu Zhiji (661–721), Chinese history, author of the Shitong, first Chinese work about Chinese historiography and the methods of writing histories
Ō no Yasumaro (died 723), Japanese chronicler and editor of the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki
Liu Xu (888–947), Chinese historian and lead editor of the Old Book of Tang
Li Fang (925–996), Chinese editor of the Four Great Books of Song
Song Qi (998–1061), Chinese historian and co-author of the New Book of Tang
Ouyang Xiu (1007–1072), Chinese historian and co-author of the New Book of Tang
Sima Guang (1019–1086), Chinese historiographer and politician
Kim Bu-sik (1075–1151), Korean historian, author of the Samguk Sagi
Il-yeon (1206–1289), Korean historian, author of the Samguk Yusa
Lê Văn Hưu (1230–1322), Vietnamese history
Toqto'a (1314–1356) (Chinese Yuan Dynasty), Mongol historian who compiled the History of Song
Song Lian (1310–1381) (Chinese Ming Dynasty), wrote the History of Yuan
Zhu Quan (1378–1448), Chinese history
South Asia
Kalhana (c. 12th century), historian of Kashmir and the broader Indian Subcontinent
Hemachandra (12th century)
Abdul Malik Isami (14th century)
Jonaraja (15th century)
Padmanābha (15th century)
Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi (15th century), Delhi Sultanate
Renaissance to early modern
Renaissance Europe
Western historians flourishing during the Italian Renaissance or Northern Renaissance
Individuals born after 1600 are listed under "early modern".
Baldassarre Bonaiuti (1336–1385), chronicler (historian) of the 14th century
Philippe de Commines (1447–18 October 1511), French historian
Robert Fabyan (died 1513)
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527), author of Florentine Histories
Hector Boece (1465–1536), Scottish philosopher and historian; wrote Historia Gentis Scotorum
Albert Krantz (1450–1517)
Polydore Vergil (c. 1470–1555), Tudor history
Francesco Guicciardini (1483–1540), historian of the Italian Wars, "Storia d'Italia"
Olaus Magnus (ca. 1490–1570)
João de Barros (1496–1570)
Aegidius Tschudi (1505–1572), Swiss historian
Josias Simmler (1530–1576)
Arild Huitfeldt (1546–1609), Denmark
Raphael Holinshed (died c. 1580)
Caesar Baronius (1538–1607)
Sigismund von Herberstein (1486–1566), Muscovite affairs
Paolo Paruta (1540–1598), Venetian historian
Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), Spanish historian, Inca history, culture, and society
Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin (fl. 1579–1590)
Early modern period
Western historians who flourished during the Early modern and Enlightenment period, between c. 1600 and 1815
John Hayward (1564–1627)
James Ussher (1581–1656), chronology of the history of the world
Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft (1581–1647), Dutch Republic
William Bradford (1590–1657), Mayflower/Plymouth Colony of America
Mícheál Ó Cléirigh (c. 1590–1643), Irish historian
Tadhg Óg Ó Cianáin (died c. 1614)
Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh (Peregrine O'Clery) (died c. 1662/1664), Irish
Sir James Ware (1594–1666), Anglo-Irish historian and antiquarian
Placido Puccinelli (1609–1685), Italian historian
John Strype (1643–1737), English historian
Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh (fl.1643–1671), Irish historian, annalist, genealogist
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange (1610–1688), Medieval and Byzantine historian and philologist
Mary Bonaventure Browne (c. 1610–c. 1670), Poor Clare and Irish historian
Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain (fl. 1627–1636), Irish historian
Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh (1629–1716/1718), Irish historian
Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont (1637–1698), ecclesiastical historian
Geoffrey Keating/Seathrún Céitinn (died 1643), Irish historian
Đorđe Branković (1645–1711), Serb history
Josiah Burchett (1666–1746), British naval historian and Admiralty official
Laurence Echard (c. 1670–1730), England
Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672–1750), Italy
Manuel Teles da Silva, 3rd Marquis of Alegrete (1682-1736), Portuguese historian
Archibald Bower (1686–1766), Rome
Vasily Tatishchev (1686–1750), first historian of modern Russia
Giambattista Vico (1688–1744), Italian historian, first modern philosopher of history
Voltaire (1694–1778), Europe, France
Johann Lorenz Von Mosheim (1694–1755), Lutheran historian
Charlotta Frölich (1698–1770), Swedish historian
David Hume (1711–1776), History of England
Thomas Hutchinson (1711–1780), colonial Massachusetts
Francisco Jose Freire (1719–1773), Portuguese historian and philologist
Zaharije Orfelin (1726–1785), Austrian Serb historian
Edward Hasted (1732–1812), Kent, England
Mikhail Shcherbatov (1733–1790), Russian historian
Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), Roman Empire and Byzantium
Alexander Hewat (or Hewatt) (1739–1824), colonial Carolina and Georgia
Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra (1745–1813), Spanish historian
David Ramsay (1749–1815), American Revolution; South Carolina
Johannes von Müller (1752–1809), Switzerland
Anton Tomaz Linhart (1756–1795), well known for Slovenian history
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766–1826), Russian historian, Russian Empire
Francesco Maria Appendini (1768–1837), Italian historian-Republic of Ragusa
Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769–1860), German historian
Middle East and Islamic Empires

Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni (1540–1615), Indo-Persian historian
Ahmad Ibn al-Qadi (1553–1616), Moroccan historian
Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali (1549–1621), Moroccan historian
Bahrey (1593), Ethiopian monk and historian; wrote Zenahu le Galla (History of the Galla, now the Oromo)
Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi (1631–1685), Moroccan historian
Mohammed al-Ifrani (1670–1745), Moroccan historian
Abu al-Qasim al-Zayyani (1734–1833)
Sulayman al-Hawwat (1747–1816), Moroccan historian
Mohammed al-Duayf (born 1752), Moroccan historian
Abbasgulu Bakikhanov (1794–1847), history of Azerbaijan and the Middle East
George Grote (1794–1871), classical Greece
Teimuraz Bagrationi (1782–1846), history of Georgia and the Caucasus
Mohammed Akensus (1797–1877), Moroccan historian
Far East
Qian Qianyi (1582–1664) (late Chinese Ming Dynasty)
Zhang Tingyu (1672–1755) (Chinese Qing Dynasty), compiled the History of Ming
Mohammed al-Qadiri (1712–1773), Moroccan historian
Qian Daxin (1728–1804) (Chinese Qing Dynasty)
Chang Hsüeh-ch'eng (1738–1801), Chinese historian, local histories and essays on historiography
Yu Deuk-gong (1749–1807), Korean historian
Modern historians
Historians who flourished after 1815 and who were born after 1770

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), German philosopher of history
John Lingard (1771–1851), England
George Tucker (1775–1861), American history
Erik Gustaf Geijer (1783–1847), Swedish nationalist historian
John Colin Dunlop (c. 1785–1842)
Joachim Lelewel (1786–1861), Polish historian
Archibald Alison (1792–1867), English historian
Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881), French Revolution; Germany
Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864), Lithuanian
Adolphe Thiers (1797–1877), French historian of the Revolution, Empire
Charles Dezobry (1798–1871), French historian and historical novelist
George Finlay (1799–1875), Greece
Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1776–1831), German historian
Louis Gabriel Michaud (1773-1858), French
Jules Michelet (1798–1874), French
François Mignet (1796–1884), French historian of the Revolution, Middle Ages
Christian Molbech (1783–1857), Danish history, founder of Historisk Tidsskrift (1839)
František Palacký (1798–1876), Czech
Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), European diplomacy; most influential German historian
William H. Prescott (1796–1859), U.S. historian of Spain, Mexico, Peru
François Guizot (1787–1874), French historian of general French, English history

Historians born during the 19th century

A
Lord Acton (1834–1902), Europe
Henry Adams (1838–1918), U.S. 1800–1816
Grace Aguilar (1816–1847), Jewish history
Charles McLean Andrews (1863–1943), American; U.S. colonial history
Alfred von Arneth (1819–1897), history of the Austrian Empire
Mikhail Artamonov (1898–1972), founder of Khazar studies
William Ashley (1860–1927), British economic history
Octave Aubry (1881–1946)
François Victor Alphonse Aulard (1849–1928), French Revolution and Napoleon I
Zurab Avalishvili (1876–1944), history of Georgia and the Caucasus
[top]
B
Jacques Bainville (1879–1936), France
George Bancroft (1800–1891), United States to 1789
R. Mildred Barker (1897–1990), Shakers, religion
Harry Elmer Barnes (1889–1968), World War I; ideas
Wilhelm Barthold (1869–1930), Muslim studies, Turkology
Charles Bean (1879–1968), Australia in World War I
Charles A. Beard (1874–1948), American; economic interpretation; historiography
Mary Ritter Beard (1876–1958), American; women's
Winthrop Pickard Bell (1884–1965), Nova Scotia
Hilaire Belloc (1870–1953), French writer and historian, later naturalised British
Marc Bloch (1886–1944), medieval France; Annales School
Herbert Eugene Bolton (1870–1953), Spanish-American borderlands
Erich Brandenburg (1868–1946), Modern Germany
George Williams Brown (1894–1963), Canada
Otto Brunner (1898–1982), medieval and early modern Austria
Geoffrey Bruun (1899–1988), Europe
Arthur Bryant (1888–1985), Pepys; English warfare
Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–1862), England; History of Civilization
Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897), art history, Europe; Renaissance
John Hill Burton (1809–1881), Scottish Jacobin history
J.B. Bury (1861–1927), classical, Europe
[top]
C
Helen Cam (1885–1968), English medieval
Pierre Caron (1875–1952), French revolution
E.H. Carr (1892–1982), Soviet history, methodology
Henri Raymond Casgrain (1831–1904), French Canada
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1828–1897), Spanish historian
Américo Castro (1885–1972), Spanish identity
Bruce Catton (1899–1978), American Civil War
Cesar de Bazancourt (1810–1865), Crimean War
Nirad C. Chaudhuri (1897–1999), India
Boris Chicherin (1828–1904), Russian historian, history of Russian law
Hiram M. Chittenden (1858–1917), American West, fur trade
Winston Churchill (1874–1965), world wars
Augustin Cochin (1876–1916), history of French Revolution
R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943), philosophy of history
Julian Corbett (1854–1922), British naval
Vladimir Ćorović (1885–1941), Serbia
Avery Craven (1885–1980), American South
Edward Shepherd Creasy (1812–1878), warfare
Margaret Campbell Speke Cruwys (1894–1968), Devon historian
[top]
D
Felix Dahn (1834–1912), medieval
Angie Debo (1890–1988), Native American and Oklahoma history
Léopold Delisle (1826–1910), French historian and librarian
Bernard DeVoto (1897–1955), American West
William Dodd (1869–1940), American South
David C. Douglas (1898–1982), Norman England
Johann Gustav Droysen (1808–1884), German history
Sir George Dunbar (1878–1962), India
Ariel Durant (1898–1981), Europe
Will Durant (1885–1981), Europe
[top]
E
Ephraim Emerton (1851–1935), medieval Europe
[top]
F
Cyril Falls (1888–1971), military, world wars
Lucien Febvre (1878–1956), France
Keith Feiling (1884–1977), England, conservatism
Herbert Feis (1893–1972), World War II diplomacy; international finance
Charles Harding Firth (1857–1936), 17th-century England
Walter Lynwood Fleming (1874–1932), U.S. Reconstruction
Edward Augustus Freeman (1823–1892), English politics
James Anthony Froude (1818–1894), Tudor England
J.F.C. Fuller (1878–1966), military
Frantz Funck-Brentano (1862–1947), France
John Sydenham Furnivall (1878–1960), Burma, Southeast Asia
Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (1830–1889), antiquity, France
[top]
G
François-Louis Ganshof (1895–1980), medieval history
Samuel Rawson Gardiner (1829–1902), 17th-century England
Pieter Geyl (1887–1966), Dutch
Lawrence Henry Gipson (1882–1970), British Empire before 1775
Arthur Giry (1848–1899), diplomacy
Gustave Glotz (1862–1935), Ancient Greece
George Peabody Gooch (1873–1968), modern diplomacy
Timofey Granovsky (1813–1855), medieval Germany
John Richard Green (1837–1883), English
Mary Anne Everett Green (1818–1895), English
Lionel Groulx (1878–1967), Quebec
René Grousset (1885–1952), Oriental history
[top]
H
Élie Halévy (1870–1937), French historian of 19th-century Britain
Henry Hallam (1777–1859), Medieval European history
Louis Halphen (1880–1950), Middle Ages
Clarence H. Haring (1885–1960), Latin American history
Charles H. Haskins (1870–1937), medieval
Kristin Ann Hass, American historian
Henri Hauser (1866–1946), French historian, economist, geographer
Julien Havet (1853–1893), Middle Ages
Paul Hazard (1878–1944), modern France
Eli Heckscher (1879–1954), Swedish economic historian
Auguste Himly (1823–1906), French historian and geographer
Mihály Horváth (1809–1878), Hungarian
Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), Dutch historian, author of Waning of the Middle Ages
[top]
I
Ibn Zaydan (1873–1946), Moroccan historian
Dmitry Ilovaisky (1832–1920), Russian history
Harold Innis (1894–1952), Canadian economic history
[top]
J
Mohammed ibn Jaafar al-Kattani (1858–1927), Moroccan
Muhammad Jaber (1875–1945), history of the Levant and the Middle-East
William James, historian of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars
Ivane Javakhishvili (1876–1940), Georgian historian
[top]
K
Samuel Kamakau (1815–1876), Hawaiian historian
Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885), Russian historian, history of Russian laws
François Christophe Edmond de Kellermann (1802–1868), French political historian
Hans Kelsen (1881–1973), legal
Philip Moore Callow Kermode (1855–1932), Manx crosses and runic inscriptions
Alexander William Kinglake (1809–1891), works on the Crimean War
William Kingsford (1819–1898), Canadian
Vasily Klyuchevsky (1841–1911), Russian history
David Knowles (1896–1974), English medieval
Dudley Wright Knox (1877–1960), American naval historian
Ludwig von Köchel (1800–1877), writer, composer, botanist, music historian
Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817–1891), Romanian
Hans Kohn (1891–1971), European nationalism
Nikodim Kondakov (1844–1925), Byzantine art
Nikolay Kostomarov (1817–1885), Russian and Ukrainian history
Godefroid Kurth (1847–1916), Belgian historian
[top]
L
Leonard Woods Labaree (1897–1980), editor of the Benjamin Franklin papers
William L. Langer (1896–1977), U.S. historian, world and diplomatic history
John Knox Laughton (1830–1915), British naval historian
Ernest Lavisse (1842–1922), French history
William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838–1903), England and Ireland
Georges Lefebvre (1874–1959), French Revolution
Liang Qichao (1873–1929), Chinese and Western history and historiography
B.H. Liddell Hart (1895–1970), military
John Edward Lloyd (1861–1947), Welshness
Ferdinand Lot (1866–1952), Middle Ages
Arthur R.M. Lower (1889–1988), Canadian
[top]
M
Thomas Macaulay (1800–1859), British
J. D. Mackie (1887–1978), Scottish
William Archibald Mackintosh (1895–1970), Canadian economic
Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914), naval
Frederic William Maitland (1850–1906), English legal, medieval
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1888–1980), Indian history
J.A.R. Marriott (1859–1945), modern Britain, modern Europe
Karl Marx (1818–1883), sociology and economics
Albert Mathiez (1874–1932), French Revolution
Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954), German intellectual and cultural
Krste Misirkov (1874–1926), Macedonian historian and author
Auguste Molinier (1851–1904), Middle Ages
Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903), Roman Empire
Indro Montanelli (1909–2001)
Alfred Morel-Fatio (1850–1924), Spain
Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976), naval, American colonial
Lewis Mumford (1895–1988), urban
[top]
N
Lewis Bernstein Namier (1888–1960), 18th-century British and 20th-century diplomatic
Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri (1835–1897), Moroccan
J. E. Neale (1890–1975), Elizabethan England
Allan Nevins (1890–1971), U.S. political and business; Civil War; biography
A. P. Newton (1873–1942), British Empire
Stojan Novaković (1842–1915), Serbian
[top]
O
Charles Oman (1860–1946), 19th-century military
Herbert L. Osgood (1855–1918), American colonial
[top]
P
K. M. Panikkar (1895–1963), Indian historian
Cesare Paoli (1840–1902), Italian history
Gaston Paris (1839–1903), Middle Ages
Herbert Paul (1853–1935), 19th-century Britain
Henry Francis Pelham (1846–1907), Roman
Samuel W. Pennypacker (1843–1916), Pennsylvania history
Dexter Perkins (1889–1984), American history
Ivy Pinchbeck (1898–1982), English women and children
Henri Pirenne (1862–1935), Belgian and medieval European history
Sergey Platonov (1860–1933), Rucxian
Datto Vaman Potdar (1890–1979), Indian historian
Eileen Power (1889–1940), Middle Ages
F. M. Powicke (1879–1963, English medieval
H. F. M. Prescott (1896–1972), biographer of Mary I of England and medieval History
[top]
Q
Jules Quicherat (1814–1882), Middle Ages
[top]
R
William Pember Reeves (1857–1932), New Zealand
Pierre Renouvin (1893–1974), diplomatic historian
James Riker (1822–1889), New York
B. H. Roberts (1857–1933), Mormon
James Harvey Robinson (1863–1936), European
Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919), American west, naval
John Holland Rose (1855–1942), English specialist on modern Europe, Britain and France
Simon Rutar (1851–1903), Slovenian
Ilarion Ruvarac (1832–1905), Serbian
[top]
S
Abram L. Sachar (1899–1993)
Govind Sakharam Sardesai (1865–1959), Indian
Jadunath Sarkar (1870–1958), history of India
George Sarton (1884–1956), history of science
Gustave Schlumberger (1844–1929), French
John Robert Seeley (1834–1895), British Empire
Shin Chaeho (1880–1936), Korean
Adam Shortt (1859–1931), Canadian
Goldwin Smith (1823–1910), British and Canadian
Sergey Solovyov (1820–1879), Russian historian
Oswald Spengler (1880–1936), world; The Decline of the West
Frank Stenton (1880–1967), English medieval
Doris Mary Stenton (1894–1971), English medieval
William Stubbs (1825–1902), English law
[top]
T
Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893), French Revolution
Frank Bigelow Tarbell (1853–1920), ancient art history
Yevgeny Tarle (1874–1955), Russian historian
A. Wyatt Tilby (1880–1948), British author of The English People Overseas (Vol. I– VI)
Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859), France
Zacharias Topelius (1818–1898)
Thomas Frederick Tout (1855–1929), England
Arnold J. Toynbee (1889–1975), A Study of History, world history
Heinrich Gotthard von Treitschke (1834–1896), German historian and nationalist
George Macaulay Trevelyan (1876–1962), British
Mikheil Tsereteli (1878–1965), Georgian historian
[top]
U
Frank Underhill (1889–1971), Canadian
[top]
V
Paul Vinogradoff (1854–1925), medieval England
[top]
W
Spencer Walpole (1839–1907), English historian
Charles Webster (1886–1961), British Diplomatic
Curt Weibull (1886–1991), Swedish historian
Lauritz Weibull (1873–1960), Swedish historian
Spenser Wilkinson (1853–1937), British military historian
Mary Wilhelmine Williams (1878–1944), Latin America
James A. Williamson (1886–1964), English maritime historian and historian of exploration
Esmé Cecil Wingfield-Stratford (1882–1971), English
Justin Winsor (1831–1897), editor of the Narrative and Critical History of America (8 vols., 1884–89)
Ernest Llewellyn Woodward (1890–1971), British history and international relations
George MacKinnon Wrong (1860–1948), Canadian
[top]
X
[top]
Y
Yi Byeongdo (1896–1989), Korean
[top]
Z
Faddei Zielinski (1859–1944), ancient Greece
[top]
Historians born in the 20th century

A
Raouf Abbas (1939–2008), Egyptian
Irving Abella (born 1940), Canadian
Aberjhani (born 1957), American; African American, Harlem Renaissance, Literary
David Abulafia (born 1949), Mediterranean history
Ezequiel Adamovsky (born 1971), Argentine
Donald Adamson (born 1939), British
Teodoro Agoncillo (1912–1985), Filipino (Philippine) history
Robert G. Albion (1896–1983), maritime
Dean C. Allard (born 1933), American naval
Robert C. Allen (born 1947), British economic
Gar Alperovitz (born 1936), American, Hiroshima
Ida Altman (born 1950), American, colonial Spain & Latin America
Mor Altshuler, Israeli historian of early Hasidism, Kabbalism, and Jewish messianism
Abbas Amanat Iranian-American historian of early modern Iran, Sh'ism and the Persianate world
Stephen Ambrose (1936–2002), American; World War II, U.S. political
Henri Amouroux (1920–2007), French; Nazi occupation of France
Perry Anderson (born 1938), British; European history
Joyce Appleby (born 1929), American; U.S. early national
Herbert Aptheker (1915–2003), American; African American
Leonie Archer, British
Philippe Ariès (1914–1984), French; medieval; childhood
Karen Armstrong (born 1944), British; religious
Andrea Aromatico (born 1966), Italian; esotericism and Hermetic iconography
Leonard J. Arrington (1917–1999), American; Mormons
Thomas Asbridge, Crusades
Maurice Ashley (1907–1994), 17th-century England
Paul Avrich (1931–2006), Russian, the Anarchist movement
Ali Azaykou (1942–2004), Moroccan
Eiichiro Azuma (born 1966), American
[top]
B
Nigel Bagnall (1927–2002), Ancient Rome, Greece
Bernard Bailyn (born 1922), early American; Atlantic
David E. Barclay (born 1948), German
Juliet Barker (born 1958), late Middle Ages, literary biography
Frank Barlow (1911–2009), medieval biography
Linda Diane Barnes, American
Geoffrey Barraclough (1908–1984), Germany, world[2]
G.W.S. Barrow (1924–2013), Scottish
H. Arnold Barton (born 1929), Scandinavian
Paul R. Bartrop (born 1955), the Holocaust, genocide
Jacques Barzun (1907–2012), cultural
Jorge Basadre (1903–1980), Peruvian
Hanna Batatu (1926–2000), Palestinian; modern Iraq
K. Jack Bauer (1926–1987), U.S. naval, military, and maritime
Yehuda Bauer (born 1926), the Holocaust
Stephen B. Baxter, late 17th- and early 18th- century English history
David Bebbington (born 1949), history of Evangelicalism
Antony Beevor (born 1946), World War II
James Belich (born 1956), New Zealand
Abdelmajid Benjelloun (born 1944), Morocco
Laurence Bergreen (born 1950), biography
Isaiah Berlin (1909–1997), ideas
Michael Beschloss (born 1955), Cold War
Nicholas Bethell (1938–2007), Soviet
Anthony Birley (born 1937), Ancient Rome
David Blackbourn (born 1949), German
Geoffrey Blainey (born 1930), Australian
Gisela Bock (born 1942), German feminist
Brian Bond (born 1936), British military
Chrystelle Trump Bond, American dancer, choreographer, and dance historian
Daniel J. Boorstin (1914–2004), American
Georges Bordonove (1920–2007), France
John Boswell (1947–1994), Medievalist
Robert Bothwell (born 1944), Canadian history
Gérard Bouchard (born 1943), Canadian
Joanna Bourke (born 1963), military
Paul S. Boyer (1935–2012), American morality
Karl Dietrich Bracher (1922–2016), modern German
Jim Bradbury (born 1937), Middle Ages
James C. Bradford (born 1944), American naval
David Brading (born 1936), Mexican history
William Brandon (1914–2002), American West
Fernand Braudel (1902–1985), world, Mediterranean
Ahron Bregman (born 1958), Arab-Israeli conflict
Carl Bridenbaugh (1903–1992), American colonial
Asa Briggs (1921–), British social[3]
Timothy Brook (born 1951), China
Martin Broszat (1926–1989), Nazi Germany
Peter Brown (born 1935), Medieval
Christopher Browning (born 1944), the Holocaust
Alan Bullock (1914–2004), 1940s
Peter Burke (born 1937)
Briton C. Busch (1936–2004), British diplomatic and American maritime
Richard Bushman (born 1931), American colonial and Mormon
Herbert Butterfield (1900–1979), historiography
[top]
C
Angus Calder (1942–2008), Second World War
Philip L. Cantelon (born 1940), United States
Julio Caro Baroja (1914–1995)
Sir Raymond Carr (1919–2015), Spanish and Latin American
Paul Cartledge (born 1947), classical
Lionel Casson (1914–2009)
Boris Celovsky (1923–2008), Czech-German relations
Iris Chang (1968–2004), China
Howard I. Chapelle (1901–1975), maritime
Maher Charif, Arab
Louis Chevalier (1911–2001), France
Alexander Campbell Cheyne (1924–2006), Scotland
Thomas Childers (1976–), war and society, both World Wars
Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri (born 1935), India
I. R. Christie (1919–1998), Britain
Alan Clark (1928–1999), World Wars
Christopher Clark (born 1960), Prussia
J.C.D. Clark (born 1951), British
Manning Clark (1915–1991), Australia
Patrick Collinson (1929–2011), Elizabethan England & Puritanism
Robert Conquest (1917–2015), Russia
Margaret Conrad (born 1946), Canada
Vladimir Ćorović (1885–1941), former Yugoslavia
Peter Cottrell (born 1964), Anglo-Irish
Gordon A. Craig (1913–2005), German and diplomatic
Donald Creighton (1902–1979), Canadian
Vincent Cronin (1924–2011), European and art history
William Cronon (born 1954), American environmental
Pamela Kyle Crossley (born 1955), China
Dan Cruickshank (born 1949), British and architectural history
Gemma Cruz (born 1943), Rizaliana, Filipino (Philippine) history
Barry Cunliffe (born 1939), archaeology
John Shelton Curtiss (1899–1983), Soviet Union
[top]
D
Vahakn N. Dadrian (born 1926), Armenia
Robert Dallek (born 1934), 20c American presidents
William Dalrymple, Scottish
David B. Danbom, American rural
Ahmad Hasan Dani (1920–2009), South Asia
Robert Darnton (born 1939), 18th-century France
Saul David (born 1966), military
John Davies (1938–2015), Wales
Norman Davies (born 1939), Polish and British
Kenneth S. Davis (1912–1999), Franklin D. Roosevelt
Natalie Zemon Davis (born 1928), early modern France, film
R.H.C. Davis (1918–1991), Middle Ages
Lucy Dawidowicz (1915–1990), Holocaust
David Day (born 1949), Australia
Renzo De Felice (1929–1996), Italian fascism
Carl N. Degler (1921–2014), American
Len Deighton (born 1929), British military
Esther Delisle (born 1954), French-Canadian
Jean Delumeau (born 1923), Catholic Church
Marcel Detienne (born 1935), ancient Greece
Alexandre Deulofeu (1903–1978), Catalan
Isaac Deutscher (1907–1967), Soviet
Tom M. Devine (born 1945), Scottish
Wu Di (born 1951), China
Igor M. Diakonov (1914–1999), Ancient Near East
David Herbert Donald (1920–2009), American Civil War
Gordon Donaldson (1913–1993), Scottish
Susan Doran, Elizabethan England
William Doyle (born 1932), French Revolution
Georges Duby (1924–1996), Middle Ages
William S. Dudley (born 1936), American naval
Robert Dudley Edwards (1909–1988), Irish
Eamon Duffy (born 1947), 15th–17th-century religious
A. Hunter Dupree (born 1921), American science and technology
Trevor Dupuy (1916–1995), military
Jean-Baptiste Duroselle (1917–1994), French diplomacy
Harold James Dyos (1921–78), British urban
[top]
E
Elizabeth Eisenstein (1923–2016), French Revolution, books
Geoff Eley (born 1949), German
John Elliott (born 1930), Spanish
Joseph J. Ellis (born 1943), American early Republic
Geoffrey Elton (1921–1994), Tudor England
Peter Englund (born 1957), Swedish
Robert Malcolm Errington (born 1939), British
Richard J. Evans (born 1947), German social
Alf Evers (1905–2004), American
[top]
F
Esther Farbstein (born 1946), Israeli, Holocaust
Brian Farrell (1929–2014)
John Lister Illingworth Fennell (1918–1992), medieval Russia
Niall Ferguson (born 1964), military, business, economic, imperial
Božidar Ferjančić (1929–1998), medieval
Marc Ferro (born 1924), World War I
Joachim Fest (1926–2006), Nazi Germany
David Feuerwerker (1912–1980), Jewish
Heinrich Fichtenau (1912–2000), medieval, diplomacy
David Kenneth Fieldhouse (born 1925), British Empire
Orlando Figes (born 1957), Russian
Robert O. Fink (1905–1988), classical
Moses Finley (1912–1986), ancient, especially economic
David Hackett Fischer (born 1935), American Revolution, cycles
Fritz Fischer (1908–1999), German
Frances FitzGerald (born 1940), Vietnam; history textbooks
Judith Flanders (born 1959), Victorian British social
Robert Fogel (1926–2013), American economic, cliometrics
Eric Foner (born 1943), Reconstruction
Shelby Foote (1916–2005), American Civil War
Amanda Foreman (born 1968), Georgian England, American Civil War, women's history
Michel Foucault (1926–1984), ideas
Jo Fox, twentieth-century film and propaganda
Robin Lane Fox (born 1946), ancient
Stephen Fox (born 1938), U.S. in World War II
Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941–2007), American South; cultural and social, women
Walter Frank (1905–1945), Nazi historian
H. Bruce Franklin (born 1934), Vietnam War
Antonia Fraser (born 1932), English
Frank Freidel (1916–1993), Franklin Roosevelt
Joseph Friedenson (1922–2013), Holocaust
Henry Friedlander (1930–2012), Holocaust
Saul Friedländer (born 1932), Holocaust
Sheppard Frere (1916–2015)
David Fromkin (born 1932)
Francis Fukuyama (born 1955), world
Bruno Fuligni (born 1968)
François Furet (1927–1997), French Revolution
[top]
G
Femme Gaastra (born 1945), Dutch
John Lewis Gaddis (born 1941), Cold War
Lloyd Gardner, U.S. diplomatic
Peter Gay (1923–2015), psychohistory, Enlightenment and 19th-century social
Eugene Genovese (1930–2012), U.S. South, slavery
Imanuel Geiss (1931–2012), 19th- and 20th-century Germany
François Géré (born 1950), military
Christian Gerlach (born 1963), Holocaust
N.H. Gibbs (1910–1990), military
William Gibson (born 1959), ecclesiastical
Martin Gilbert (1936–2015), Holocaust
Carlo Ginzburg (born 1939), social
Jan Glete (1947–2009), Swedish
Eric F. Goldman (1916–1989), 20th-century American
James Goldrick, Australian
Adrian Goldsworthy (born 1969), ancient
Guillermo Gómez (born 1936), Filipino (Philippine) history
Brison D. Gooch (1925–2014), Europe, Belgium
Doris Kearns Goodwin (born 1943), American presidential
Andrew Gordon, British naval
Svetlana Gorshenina (born 1969), Central Asian history
Gerald S. Graham (1903–1988), British imperial
Jack Granatstein (born 1939), Canada
Michael Grant (1914–2004), ancient
Peter Green (born 1924), ancient
Vivian H.H. Green (1915–2005), Christianity
John Robert Greene (born 1955), American presidency
Roger D. Griffin (born 1948), fascism, political and religious fanaticism
Ramchandra Guha (born 1958), India, environment
Ranajit Guha (born 1923), Indian
Lev Gumilyov (1912–1992), Soviet
Oliver Gurney (1911–2001), Assyria, Hittites
John Guy (born 1949), Tudor England
[top]
H
Irfan Habib (born 1931), India
Sheldon Hackney (1943–2013), U.S. South
Kenneth J. Hagan, U.S. naval
Claude Hall (1922–2001), American diplomacy
John Whitney Hall (1916–1997), Japan
Bruce Barrymore Halpenny, World War II air war
N. G. L. Hammond (1907–2001), ancient Greek history
Victor Davis Hanson (born 1953), ancient warfare
Syed Nomanul Haq, history and philosophy of science
Dick Harrison (born 1966), Swedish and Medieval
Peter Harrison (born 1955), early modern intellectual
Max Hastings (born 1945), military, Second World War
John Hattendorf (born 1941), maritime
Ragnhild Hatton (1913–1995), 17th- and 18th-century European international
Denys Hay (1915–1994), medieval and Renaissance Europe
John Daniel Hayes (1902–1991), American naval
Peter Hayes (born c.1947), Holocaust
Joel Hayward (born 1964), Islamic, maritime, 20th-century German, military
Ingo Heidbrink (born 1968), maritime history, history of technology
Jeffrey Herf (born 1947), German and European
Arthur Herman (born 1956), American and British
Michael Hicks (born 1948), late medieval England
Raul Hilberg (1926–2007), Holocaust
Klaus Hildebrand (born 1941), 19th–20th-century German
Christopher Hill (1912–2003), 17th-century England
Andreas Hillgruber (1925–1989), 20th-century German
Richard L. Hills (born 1936), technology
Gertrude Himmelfarb (born 1924), British
Harry Hinsley (1918–1998), British intelligence, World War II
Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012), labour; Marxism
Marshall Hodgson (1922–1968), Islamic
Peter Hoffmann, National Socialism
Richard Hofstadter (1916–1970), American political
David Hoggan (1923–1988), neo-Nazi
Hajo Holborn (1902–1969), Germany
Tom Holland (born 1968), Ancient Greece, Rome, Middle Ages
C. Warren Hollister (1930–1997), Middle Ages
George Holmes (1927–2009), Medieval
Richard Holmes (1946–2011), military
Ed Hooper (born 1964), Southern Appalachia, Tennessee, Old South
A.G. Hopkins (born 1938), British
Keith Hopkins (1934–2004), ancient
Michiel Horn (born 1939), Canadian
Alistair Horne (born 1925), modern French
Daniel Horowitz (born 1954), American cultural
Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, women
Albert Hourani (1915–1993), Middle Eastern
Youssef Hourany (born 1931), Lebanese, ancient
Michael Howard (born 1922), military
Robert Hughes (1938–2012), Australia, cities
Andrew Hunt (born 1968), Cold War America
Tristram Hunt (born 1974)
Mark C. Hunter (born 1974), naval
[top]
I
Halil Inalcik (1916–2016), Ottoman Empire
Sheikh Mohammad Iqbal, Sialkote, Pakistan
Jonathan Israel (born 1946), Netherlands, Enlightenment, Jewry
[top]
J
Eberhard Jäckel (born 1929), Nazi Germany
Julian T. Jackson (born 1954), French
Harold James (born 1956), modern Germany
Nikoloz Janashia (1931–1982), Georgia and the Caucasus
Simon Janashia (1900–1947), Georgia and the Caucasus
Marius Jansen (1922–2000), Japan
Pawel Jasienica (1909–1970), Polish
Merrill Jensen (1905–1980), American Revolution
Richard J. Jensen (born 1941), American
Khasnor Johan, Malaysian historian
Paul Johnson (born 1928), British, Western civilization
Robert Erwin Johnson (1923–2008), American naval
Mauno Jokipii (1924–2007), Finnish, World War II
A.H.M. Jones (1904–1970), later Roman Empire
George Hilton Jones III (1924–2008), English history
Gwyn Jones (1907–1999), medieval
Loe de Jong (1914–2005), Dutch
Tony Judt (1948–2010), 20th-century European; postwar
[top]
K
Donald Kagan (born 1932), ancient Greek
Michel Kaplan (born 1946), French Byzantinist
David S. Katz, early modern English religious
Elie Kedourie (1926–1992), Middle East
Rod Kedward (born 1937), 20th-century France
John Keegan (1934–2012), military
Nushiravan Keihanizadeh (born 1937), Iranian history
John H. Kemble (1912–1990), American maritime
Paul Murray Kendall (1911–1973), late Middle Ages
Elizabeth Topham Kennan (born 1938), medievalist
George F. Kennan (1904–2005), U.S.-Soviet relations
James Kennedy (born 1963), Netherlands
Paul Kennedy (born 1945), world, military
W. Hudson Kensel (1928–2014), western American
Ian Kershaw (born 1943), Nazi Germany, Hitler
Daniel J. Kevles (born 1939), science
Khan Roshan Khan (1914–1988), Pakistani historian
Kim Jung-bae (born 1940), Korean
Michael King (1945–2004), New Zealand
Patrick Kinross (1904–1976), Ottoman Empire
Henry Kissinger (born 1923), 19th-century Europe; late 20th-century
Martin Kitchen (born 1936), modern European history
Simon Kitson, Vichy France
Matti Klinge (born 1936), Finnish
Felix Klos (born 1992), American/ Dutch, Modern European history
R.J.B. Knight (born 1944), British naval
Yuri Knorozov (1922–1999), historical linguist
Eberhard Kolb (born 1933), German
Gabriel Kolko (1932–2014), American
Claudia Koonz, Nazi Germany
Andrey Korotayev (born 1961), economic history, Near Eastern history, Islamic and pre-Islamic history
Ernst Kossmann (1922–2003), Low countries
Philip A. Kuhn (1933–2016), China
Thomas Kuhn (1922–1996), science
Myoma Myint Kywe (born 1960), Burmese writer and historian
[top]
L
Benjamin Woods Labaree (born 1927), American colonial and maritime
Leopold Labedz (1920–1993), Soviet
Walter LaFeber (born 1933), diplomatic; Cold War
Brij Lal, Fiji
K.S. Lal (1920–2002), Medieval Indian
Harold Lamb (1892–1962), American
Andrew Lambert (born 1956), British naval
Ricardo Lancaster-Jones y Verea (1905–1983), haciendas in Western Mexico
Abdallah Laroui (born 1933)
David Lavender (1910–2003), American West
Jacques Le Goff (1924–2014), medieval
Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (born 1929), French
Daniel Leab (1936–2016), 20th-century
Robert Leckie (1920–2001), American military
Lee Ki-baek (1924–2004), Korean
William Leuchtenburg (born 1922), American political and legal
Barbara Levick (born 1931), Roman emperors
David Levering Lewis (born 1936), African American, Harlem Renaissance
Li Ao (1935–2018), Chinese
Leon F. Litwack (born 1929), American and African-American
Xinru Liu, Ancient Indian and Chinese
Mario Liverani (born 1939), ancient Middle East
Radoš Ljušić (born 1949), Serbia
David Loades (1934–2016), Tudor England
James W. Loewen (born 1942), American
Elizabeth Longford (1906–2002), Victorian England
Erik Lönnroth (1910–2002)
Walter Lord (1917–2002), American
John Lukacs (born 1924), modern Europe
[top]
M
Charles B. MacDonald (1922–1990), World War II
Stuart Macintyre (born 1947), Australian
Piers Mackesy (1924–2014), British military
Margaret MacMillan (born 1943), 20th-century international relations
William Miller Macmillan, liberal South African historiography
Ramsay MacMullen (born 1928), Roman
Magnus Magnusson (1929–2007), Norse
Charles S. Maier (born 1939), 20th-century Europe
Paul L. Maier (born 1930), ancient history
Pauline Maier (1938–2013), early American
Leonard Maltin (born 1950), film
William Manchester (1922–2004), Churchill
Golo Mann (1909–1994)
Robert Mann, Vietnam War
Susan Mann (born 1941), Canadian
Adel Manna (born 1947), Palestine in the Ottoman period
Philip Mansel (born 1951), France, Ottoman Empire
Arthur Marder (1910–1980), British naval
Michael Marrus (born 1941), French and Jewish
Rev. F.X. Martin (1922–2000), Irish medievalist and campaigner
Henri-Jean Martin (1924–2007), the book
Laurence Marvin, American, French medievalist
Timothy Mason (1940–1990), Nazi Germany
Garrett Mattingly (1900–1962), early modern Europe
Ernest May (1928–2009), 20th century warfare and international relations
Richard Maybury (born 1946), U.S., World War I, World War II, and the Middle East
Arno J. Mayer (born 1926), World War I and Europe
Mark Mazower (born 1958), Balkans, especially Greece
David McCullough (born 1933), American
Forrest McDonald (1927–2016), early national U.S., presidency, business
K. B. McFarlane (1903–1966), English medievalist
William S. McFeely, American Civil War
W. David McIntyre (born 1932), Commonwealth, New Zealand
Neil McKendrick, modern economic and social history
Ross McKibbin (born 1942), 20th-century Britain
Rosamond McKitterick (born 1949), Medieval
William McNeill (1917–2016), world
James M. McPherson (born 1936), American Civil War
D. W. Meinig (born 1924), American geography
Evaldo Cabral de Mello (born 1936), Dutch Brazil
Russell Menard, colonial American
Thomas C. Mendenhall (1910–1998)
Josef W. Meri (born 1969), Islamic world, Jews
Barbara Metcalf, India
Rade Mihaljčić (born 1937), medieval Serbia
Perry Miller (1905–1963), American intellectual
Giles Milton (born 1966), exploration
Zora Mintalová – Zubercová (born 1950), food history and material culture of Central Europe
Yagutil Mishiev (born 1927), history of Derbent, Dagestan, Russia
Hans Mommsen (1930–2015), German
Wolfgang Mommsen (1930–2004), British and German
Simon Sebag Montefiore (born 1965), Russia, Middle East
Theodore William Moody (1907–1984), Ireland
Edmund Morgan (1916–2013), American colonial and Revolution
Kenneth O. Morgan (born 1934), British politics, Wales
William J. Morgan (1917–2003), U.S. naval
Samuel Eliot Morison (1887–1976), American colonial and naval
Benny Morris (born 1948), Middle-Eastern
Ian Mortimer (born 1967), Middle Ages
W.L. Morton (1908–1980), Canada
George Mosse (1918–1999), German, Jewish, fascist and sexual
Roland Mousnier (1907–1993), early modern France
Mubarak Ali (born 1941), Pakistan
[top]
N
Joseph Needham (1900–1995), history of Chinese science and technology
Cynthia Neville, late medieval social, cultural and legal history; Scotland and England; Gaelic culture
Leo Niehorster (born 1947), military
Thomas Nipperdey (1927–1992), German history from 1800 to 1918
Ernst Nolte (1923–2016), German; fascism and communism
Stojan Novaković (1842–1915), Serbia
[top]
O
Josiah Ober, ancient Greece
Heiko Oberman (1930–2001), Reformation
Ambeth Ocampo (born 1961), Filipino (Philippine) history
W. H. Oliver (1925–2015), New Zealand
Robin O'Neil, Holocaust
Vincent Orange (1935–2012), military, World War II, aviation
Michael Oren (born 1955), modern Middle East
Margaret Ormsby (1909–1996), Canada
İlber Ortaylı (born 1947), Turkey
Fernand Ouellet (born 1926), French Canada
Richard Overy (born 1947), World War II
Steven Ozment (born 1939), Germany
[top]
P
Thomas Pakenham (born 1933), Africa
Hasan Bülent Paksoy (born 1948), Central Asia
Madhavan K. Palat (born 1947), Russian and European history
Ilan Pappé (born 1954), Israel
Peter Paret (born 1924), military
Geoffrey Parker (born 1943), early modern military
Simo Parpola (born 1943), ancient Middle East
J. H. Parry (1914–1982), maritime
T. T. Paterson (1909–1994)
Fred Patten, science fiction
Stanley G. Payne (born 1934), Spain, fascism
Abel Paz (1921–2009), Spanish anarchist movement
Morgan D. Peoples (1919–1998), Louisiana
William Armstrong Percy (born 1933), Medieval Europe and ancient Greek and Roman, homosexuality
Bradford Perkins (1925–2008), U.S. diplomatic
Detlev Peukert (1950–1990), Alltagsgeschichte (of everyday life) in the Weimar & Nazi eras
Liza Picard (born 1927), London
David Pietrusza (born 1949), American
Boris B. Piotrovsky (1908–1990), Urartu and Scythia
Richard Pipes (born 1923), Russian and Soviet
J.H. Plumb (1911–2001), British of the 18th century
J. G. A. Pocock (born 1924), early modern intellectual
Kwok Kin Poon (born 1949), Chinese Southern and Northern Dynasties
Barbara Corrado Pope (born 1941), American, Belle Époque, women's studies
Roy Porter (1946–2002), medicine, British social and cultural
Norman Pounds (1912–2006), geography and history of England
Gordon W. Prange (1910–1980), World War II Pacific
Joshua Prawer (1917–1990), Crusades
Michael Prestwich (born 1943), medieval England
Clement Alexander Price (1945–2014), American
Francis Paul Prucha (1921–2015), American Indians
Janko Prunk (born 1942), Slovenian
[top]
Q
Carroll Quigley (1910–1977), classical, western history, theorist of civilizations
[top]
R
Marc Raeff (1923–2008), Russian Empire
Werner Rahn, German naval
Jack N. Rakove, U.S. Constitution and early politics
Šerbo Rastoder, Montenegrin
René Rémond (1918–2007), French political
Timothy Reuter (1947–2002), Medieval Germany
Henry A. Reynolds (born 1938), Australian
Susan Reynolds, medieval
Richard Rhodes, World War II, hydrogen bomb
Nicholas V. Riasanovsky (1923–2011), Russian[4]
Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond (1871–1946), British naval
Jonathan Riley-Smith, Crusades
Blaze Ristovski, Macedonian
Charles Ritcheson, Anglo-American relations 1775–1815
Gerhard Ritter, German
Andrew Roberts, British
J. M. Roberts, European
N.A.M. Rodger, British naval
William Ledyard Rodgers, ancient naval
Walter Rodney, Guyanese
Ryan Roenfeld, 19th- and 20th-century U.S.
Theodore Ropp, military
W.J. Rorabaugh, 19th- and 20th-century U.S.
Ron Rosenbaum, Hitler
Charles E. Rosenberg, medicine and science
Stephen Roskill, British naval
Theodore Roosevelt, War of 1812, frontier
Maarten van Rossem, 20th-century U.S.
Michael Rostovtzeff, ancient
María Rostworowski, Peruvian
Hans Rothfels, modern German
Sheila Rowbotham (born 1943), feminism, socialism
Herbert H. Rowen, Dutch
A. L. Rowse (1903–1997), English
Miri Rubin, social, Europe 1100–1600
George Rudé (1910–1993), French revolution
R. J. Rummel, genocide
Steven Runciman (1903–2000), Crusades
Leila J. Rupp, feminist
Conrad Russell, 17th-century Britain
Cornelius Ryan (1920–1974), World War II, popular
Boris Rybakov (1908–2001), leader of Soviet anti-Normanists
[top]
S
Edgar V. Saks (1910–1984), Estonian
Richard G. Salomon (1884–1966), medieval and church
Dominic Sandbrook (born 1974), recent Britain and the United States
Usha Sanyal, Asian, Islam and Sufism
S. Srikanta Sastri (1904–1974), Indian
Simon Schama (born 1945), British, Dutch, American, French
J. Salwyn Schapiro, fascism
Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., Andrew Jackson, New Deal, politics
Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. American social
Jean-Claude Schmitt, Middle Ages
David Schoenbaum, modern German and American–Israeli relations
Carl Schorske, Vienna, Modernism, intellectual
Paul W. Schroeder, European diplomacy
D. M. Schurman, British imperial and naval
Dorothy Schwieder, (1933–2014). Iowa
Joan Scott, feminism
William Henry Scott (1921–1993), Philippines
Howard Hayes Scullard (1903–1983), ancient
Oscar Secco Ellauri (1904–1990)
Tom Segev, Israeli
Robert Service, Soviet and Russian
Dasharatha Sharma, Rajasthan
Ram Sharan Sharma (1919–2011), ancient India
James J. Sheehan, modern German
William L. Shirer, American journalist, expert on the Third Reich
He Shu (born 1948), Chinese cultural revolution
Jack Simmons (1915–2000), English historian, expert on railway history
Keith Sinclair (1922–1993), New Zealand
Helene J. Sinnreich, Holocaust
Nathan Sivin, China
Quentin Skinner, early modern Britain
Alexandre Skirda, Russian
Theda Skocpol, institutions and comparative method; sociological
Richard Slotkin, American environment and West
Cornelius Cole Smith, Jr. (1913–2004), military history, expert on the American Old West
Digby Smith, military
Henry Nash Smith, U.S. cultural
Jean Edward Smith, U.S. foreign policy, constitutional law, biography
Justin Harvey Smith, Mexican–American War
Page Smith (1917–1995), American
Richard Norton Smith, U.S. presidential
T. C. Smout, Scottish environmental and social
Louis Leo Snyder, German nationalism
Timothy D. Snyder, Eastern Europe
Albert Soboul (1913–1982), French revolution
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), Russian Gulag
Pat Southern (born 1948), ancient Rome
Richard Southern, medieval
E. Lee Spence (born 1947), shipwrecks
Jonathan Spence, China
Jackson J. Spielvogel, world
Kenneth Stampp, U.S. South, slavery
George Stanley (1907–2002), Canada
Stanoje Stanojević (1874–1937), Serbia
David Starkey (born 1945), Tudor
Leften Stavros Stavrianos (1913—2004), world
James M. Stayer, German Reformation
Wickham Steed, Eastern Europe
Valerie Steele, fashion
Jean Stengers, Belgian
Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon
Fritz Stern, Germany and Jewish
Zeev Sternhell, fascism
William N. Still, Jr., American naval
Lawrence Stone, early modern British social, economic and family
Norman Stone, military
Hew Strachan, military
Barry S. Strauss, ancient military
Floyd Benjamin Streeter, Kansas, American West
Michael Stürmer, modern German
Ronald Suleski (born 1942), China
Viktor Suvorov, Soviet
Ronald Syme (1903–1989), ancient
David Syrett, British naval
[top]
T
Ronald Takaki (1939–2009), American, ethnic studies
J. L. Talmon (1916–1980), Modern, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy
Alasdair and Hettie Tayler, Scottish
A.J.P. Taylor (1906–1990), Britain, modern European
Abdelhadi Tazi (born 1921), Moroccan
Antonio Tellez (1921–2005), Spanish Anarchism and anti-fascist resistance
Harold Temperley (1879–1939), 19th- and early 20-century diplomatic
Romila Thapar (born 1931), ancient India
Barbara Thiering (born 1930), Biblical
Joan Thirsk (born 1922), agriculture
Hugh Thomas, Spanish Civil War, Cuba, Atlantic slave trade
E. P. Thompson (1924–1993), British labour
John Toland (1912–2004), World War I and World War II
K. Ross Toole (1920–1981), Montana
Ahmed Toufiq (born 1943), Moroccan
Marc Trachtenberg, Cold War
Hugh Trevor-Roper (1914–2003), Nazi; British
Gil Troy, modern American, the Presidency
Barbara Tuchman (1912–1989), 20th-century military
Robert C. Tucker, Stalin
Peter Turchin (born 1957), Russian historian of historical dynamics
Henry Ashby Turner, Jr., 20th-century German
Frederick Jackson Turner (1861–1932), American frontier
Denis Twitchett (1925–2006), China
David Tyack (born 1930), American education
[top]
U
Walter Ullmann (1910–1983), Medieval
Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, early America
David Underdown. (1925–2009), 17th-century England
Mladen Urem, Croatian literary
Robert M. Utley (born 1929), 19th-century American West
[top]
V
Hans van de Ven, Dutch-born British, modern China
Jan Vansina (1929–2017), Belgian; African history
Jean-Pierre Vernant,(1914–2007), French, ancient Greece
Paul Veyne, French, ancient Greece and Rome
César Vidal Manzanares, Spanish
Pierre Vidal-Naquet (1930–2006), French, ancient Greece, civil rights activist
Richard Vinen, British historian
Klemens von Klemperer German-born, Nazi Germany
[top]
W
John Waiko (born 1944), Papua New Guinean
J. Samuel Walker, nuclear energy and weapons
Retha Warnicke (born 1939), Tudor and gender issues
Eugen Weber, modern French
Cicely Veronica Wedgwood (1910–1997), 16th–17th-century Europe
Hans-Ulrich Wehler, 19th-century German social
Russell Weigley, military
Gerhard Weinberg, Germany, World War II
Roberto Weiss, Renaissance
Frank Welsh (born 1931), British imperial
Christopher Whatley, Scottish
John Wheeler-Bennett, German
John Whyte, Northern Ireland and on divided societies
Christopher Wickham, medieval
Alexander Wilkinson (born 1975), early modern European; books
Toby Wilkinson (born 1969), ancient Egypt
Eric Williams (1911–1981), Guianese, Caribbean
Glanmor Williams
Glyndwr Williams, exploration
William Appleman Williams, U.S. diplomatic
John Willingham, Texas
Andrew Wilson, Ukraine
Clyde N. Wilson, 19th-century U.S. South
Ian Wilson (born 1941), religious
Keith Windschuttle (born 1942), Australian; historiography
Henry Winkler (born 1938), German
Robert S. Wistrich, Anti-Semitism, Holocaust, Jews
John B. Wolf, French
Michael Wolffsohn, German Jewish
Herwig Wolfram (born 1934), Medieval
Gordon S. Wood, American Revolution
Michael Wood
Thomas Woods, American; conservatism
C. Vann Woodward (1908–1999), American South
Daniel Woolf (born 1958), British and Historiography
Lucy Worsley, British
Gordon Wright (1912–2000), modern French
Lawrence C. Wroth, American printing trade
[top]
X
[top]
Y
Robert J. Young, French Third Republic
Robert M. Young (born 1935), medicine
[top]
Z
Nicolas Zafra (1892–1979), Philippines
Gregorio F. Zaide (1907–1986), Philippines
Adam Zamoyski (born 1949), Napoleonic era
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas, German
Howard Zinn (1922–2010), American
Rainer Zitelmann, German
Marek Żukow-Karczewski, Poland, Kraków
[top]
See also
General
Historiography
Historiography of the British Empire
Historiography of the United Kingdom
Historiography of Canada
Historiography of the French Revolution
Historiography of Germany
Historiography of the United States
Historiography of World War II
History
List of history journals
Lists of historians
List of historians by area of study
List of Canadian historians
List of historians of England in the Middle Ages
List of Historians of the French Revolution
List of contemporary French historians
List of Irish historians
List of Jewish historians
List of Russian historians

Bibliography
The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature, ed. by Mary Beth Norton and Pamela Gerardi (3rd ed. 2 vol, Oxford U.P. 1995), 2064 pages; annotated guide to 27,000 of the most important English language history books in all fields and topics ,
Allison, William Henry et al. eds. A guide to historical literature (1931), comprehensive bibliography for scholarship to 1930 as selected by scholars from the American Historical Association ;
Barnes, Harry Elmer. A history of historical writing (1962)
Barnes, Harry Elmer. History, its rise and development: a survey of the progress of historical writing from its origins to the present day (1922),
Barraclough, Geoffrey. History: Main Trends of Research in the Social and Human Sciences, (1978)
Bentley, Michael. ed., Companion to Historiography, Routledge, 1997, ISBN9780415285575; 39 chapters by experts
CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) detailed coverage of historians and major themes.
Breisach, Ernst. Historiography: Ancient, Medieval and Modern, 3rd edition, 2007, ISBN0-226-07278-9
Elton, G.R. Modern Historians on British History 1485-1945: A Critical Bibliography 1945-1969 (1969), annotated guide to 1000 history books on every major topic, plus book reviews and major scholarly articles.
Gilderhus, Mark T. History an Historiographical Introduction, 2002, ISBN0-13-044824-9
Gooch, G. P. History and historians in the nineteenth century (1913),
Iggers, Georg G. Historiography in the 20th Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge (2005)
Kramer, Lloyd, and Sarah Maza, eds. A Companion to Western Historical Thought Blackwell 2006. 520pp; ISBN978-1-4051-4961-7.
Momigliano, Arnaldo. The Classical Foundation of Modern Historiography, 1990, ISBN978-0-226-07283-8
Rahman, M. M. ed. Encyclopaedia of Historiography (2006),
E. Sreedharan, A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000 (2004)
Thompson, James, and Bernard J. Holm. A History of Historical Writing: Volume I: From the Earliest Times to the End of the Seventeenth Century (2nd ed. 1967), 678pp; A History of Historical Writing: Volume II: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (2nd ed. 1967), 676pp ; ; highly detailed coverage of European writers to 1900
Woolf D. R. A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing (Garland Reference Library of the Humanities) (2 vols. 1998),
Woolf, Daniel, et al. The Oxford History of Historical Writing (5 vol 2011–12), covers all major historians since ancient times to present; see

, coverage of leading British historians and institutions from the Institute of Historical Research

, freelance writer


Katsura Hoshino(星野 桂,Hoshino Katsura, born April 21, 1980) is a Japanese manga artist from Shiga Prefecture. She made her debut in July 2003 with the publication of her first manga series Continue and is known for her work, D.Gray-man, which began serialization in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump in May 2004. She most recently designed characters for the 2013 Sunrise anime, Valvrave the Liberator, making it her first original work on an anime.
The D.Gray-man manga series has been adapted into various forms, including an anime series and three light novel adaptations. Three volumes placed in the top fifty of Japan's bestselling manga of 2008 and the series is one of Weekly Shōnen Jump's bestselling manga series. It has gained attention in North America; both the manga and anime adaptions are licensed for English language releases. The manga series has been well received in France; it was awarded the prize for Best Manga Series 2006 at the Anime and Manga 2007 French Grand Prix organized by Animeland. It also won Webotaku's prize for Manga of the Year 2006.
Hoshino has been highly praised for her art, which has been compared to the works of Joe Madureira, Kelley Jones, and Chris Bachalo by one reviewer and described as "some of the best artwork in the business" by another. Her character designs received many positive comments ranging from "especially lovely" to "the most visually striking element" of her art and it is said that both male and female readers will enjoy the designs. However, she has been just as highly criticized for her lack of skill in drawing action scenes, which leads one reviewer to believe she will not or cannot draw physical combat.
Early life
Hoshino was born on April 21, 1980, in Shiga Prefecture, Japan, as the younger of fraternal twin girls and the second of three children.[1] As a child, she originally dreamed of becoming an astronaut.[2] Hoshino confessed she was not too interested in school, often making excuses to avoid taking classes.[3] Additionally, she added that would often practise drawing in the middle of the classes which gave her doubts when she had to erase them. She drew her first manga at twenty-one.[4] As a child she used to read the manga Dragon Quest: Dai no Daibōken that her brother collected, as well as series by Fuyumi Soryo and Makimura Satoru, which her mother bought. However, she instead preferred anime, most notably Studio Ghibli films. Her favorite film was Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984) to the point of watching it multiple times. When watching Castle in the Sky  (1986), Hoshino decided she wanted to become an animator, inspired by director Hayao Miyazaki mostly. When going to highschool, Hoshino started drawing which she believed to be the result of reading Naoko Takeuchi's manga Sailor Moon. She often showed the 4 panel drawings known as yonkoma drawings to her sister who was in the same college. This 4komas often involved a monkey. Additionally, Hoshino stated she was a fan of the comedy genre as she aimed to make people laugh.[5]
When Hoshino was 17, she aimed at getting animation jobs against her parents' whishes but she failed. Next year, she tried doing it again and was accepted. Hoshino moved to Tokyo to become an animator. Despite becoming an artist, Hoshino found problems with her job. Due to financial issues, Hoshino was thinking about going back to her parents but her sister convinced to go to Kyoto. At that time, her sister motivated her to get a job but she failed most of them. At an unknown time, Hoshino was motivated by her mother to start writing manga. She still felt troubles in her new job, due to the multiple hours at work, the problems with storyboards and having to take the bullet train. Nevertheless, Hoshino succeeded in her work.[6] She dreamed of bringing her mother to the city and was able to in 2006.[7] After graduating from high school, Hoshino did not know what career should she follow as she was offered the work of joining video game companies. Ultimately, she decided to become a manga author despite her fears of the difficulty it takes.[8]
Works
Hoshino's first publication Zone, a one-shot title, appeared in Akamaru Jump in December 2002 and was followed by her first series Continue(コンティニュー,Kontinyū), which was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump in July 2003.[9][10] Due to lack of popularity of Continue, the Shueisha staff recommended Hoshino to make a series based on Zone.[8] As a result, the one-shot Zone was succeeded by the D.Gray-man(ディーグレイマン,Dī Gureiman) series, which began publication in Weekly Shōnen Jump in May 2004 and contains multiple themes from Zone.[11] The series is over two hundred chapters long in Japan and is sold in over ten countries, including the United States, France, and Germany.[12][13][14]
An anime adaptation, directed by Nabeshima Osamu and produced by Dentsu, was aired from October 2006 to September 2008.[15][16][17][18] Funimation licensed an English-language version, the first thirteen episodes of which were released on DVD in March 2009.[16][19] Based on Hoshino's work, Kaya Kizaki has written three novels, commonly named D.Gray-man Reverse, and Konami has developed two video games and a trading card game.[20][21][22][23][24][25] The fanbook D.Gray-man Official Fanbook: Gray Ark and the art book TV Animation D.Gray-man Official Visual Collection: Clown Art were released in June 2008 and September 2008 respectively.[26][27] This was followed by an illustration book titled D.Gray-man Illustrations Noche in February 2010 and another character book titled "D.Gray-man Character Workbook CharaGray!" in July 2011.[28][29]
The series was well received in Japan. D.Gray-man was Weekly Shōnen Jump's ninth bestselling manga in Japan in 2007 and 2008.[30][31] The fifteenth volume ranked twenty-second in 2008 manga sales in Japan while the fourteenth and sixteenth volumes placed at twenty-seventh and thirtieth respectively.[32][33] The manga received the prize for Best Manga Series 2006 at the Anime and Manga 2007 French Grand Prix organized by Animeland and received Webotaku's prize for Manga of the Year 2006.[14] In 2006, the second novel was the third bestselling novel in Japan.[34]
In Japan, D.Gray-man has been put on hiatus many times; once due to Hoshino falling seriously ill with Norovirus and another because of an injury to her neck. However the series continued shortly after in both cases.[35][36][37][38] In November 2008, Weekly Shōnen Jump announced that Hoshino was again putting the series on hold due to an injured wrist.[39][40] Publication resumed in March 2009.[41][42] The series once again went on hiatus on May 11.[43] The series resumed in the seasonal magazine Akamaru Jump on August 17, 2009. Following the release in Akamaru Jump, D.Gray-Man resumed its serialization on November 4, 2009 in the monthly-release Japanese manga magazine, Jump Square.[44] Additionally, Hoshino was one of the multiple manga authors that celebrated the 10th anniversary of the manga series Naruto by drawing her own rendition of the main character, Naruto Uzumaki.[45]
In 2013, she was the original character designer for Valvrave the Liberator by Sunrise, making it her first original work on an anime as well as her first new work since D.Gray-man.[46] Additionally, D.Gray-man resumed serialization in July 17, 2015 in Shueisha's quarterly magazine, Jump Square Crown.[47]
Style

Hoshino has been highly praised for her art and character designs. Leroy Douresseaux of Coolstreak Cartoons called Hoshino a "wonderful visualist" and commented that her "highly stylish" art resembled the works of Joe Madureira, Kelley Jones, and Chris Bachalo.[48][49] Douresseaux describes the backgrounds as eerie and Lovecraftian and says that Hoshino "makes practically every page a delightful surprise of gothic style and beguiling violence".[48][49] However, he believes that the character designs are the "most visually striking" element and comments that the designs and the action scenes are highly imaginative, worth even just an occasional look.[49][50] The reviewer Charles Tan from ComicsVillage.com feels the art deserves less praise, saying that it is done competently enough to distinguish characters while still providing flashy scenes with the common themes of a shōnen series.[51] Ben Leary, a reviewer from Mania.com, felt even less positive toward the action scenes than Tan. Leary believes that Hoshino simply cannot or will not draw physical combat and instead chooses to rely on energy blasts, swirling wind, and impact bursts.[52] Casey Brienza of Anime News Network agrees. She said that "the battles, even as late in the game as volume twelve, remain practically unintelligible" and that it is difficult to tell "who is doing what to whom and when." All that could be discerned from Hoshino's "cryptic layouts" is that the characters are fighting. Brienza, however, is positive toward the rest of the art, going as far as to call it "some of the best artwork in the business". She describes Hoshino's drawing style as the "aesthetic yet dynamic, superbly beautiful yet super-violent" style made famous by female manga artist who arose from dōjinshi subculture during the late-80s and early-90s, citing Clamp and Yun Kōga as prominent examples. Brienza also praises Hoshino's character designs, which she claims are "especially lovely and pitched to satisfy fans of both sexes".[53] When asked about how the D.Gray-man could end in poetic justice, Hoshino found this difficult as she believes it should end in a fight unlike other series influence by this style.[54]
Influences
Hoshino has named Takeshi Obata and Osamu Akimoto as inspiring her work.[55] Her most notable work D.Gray-man is greatly influenced by her previous titles. Characters are often carried over from unpublished manga Hoshino worked on early in her career. D.Gray-man and its predecessor Zone share many major concepts, such as the creation of demons known as akuma, the Exorcists' role to eliminate these demons, and the overall plot of both works. The main antagonist of Zone, known simply as the Millennium Earl, retains his appearance and name in D.Gray-man while the features of the female protagonist were changed to create the more masculine appearance of D.Gray-man's male protagonist Allen Walker.[56] The characters Lavi and Yu Kanda were carried over from two unpublished titles.[57][58] In making the demons known as "Akuma" from D.Gray-man, Hoshino was inspired by the 1973 film, The Exorcist, even though she was afraid of the movie.[8] By the release of the series' 13th collected volume, Hoshino revealed the material she uses when working: a PlayStation Portable, an iPod and a glove her mother made to her.[59]
She uses unnamed famous scientists, Aleister Crowley and Yūsuke Santamaria as models for several of her characters.[60][61][62][63] Characters are also based on her editor and the Tim Campi Design silver accessory brand.[62][64] Hoshino collaborated with Kata Kizaki, the author of the novel adaptations, to create the character Bak Chan.[65] The role of Miranda Lotto changed, and was ultimately lengthened, after Hoshino realized the similarities the two shared.[66] Hoshino comically comments that Allen's hair has become very similar to the Super Saiyan, a transformation from Dragon Ball, in which the character's hair becomes spiky.[67] Towards the beginning of D.Gray-man's publication, Hoshino stated that Allen, Kanda, and Cross Marian are the hardest characters to draw while the Millennium Earl and Hevlaska are the easiest.[4]
Hoshino commented that most of her ideas for the series come after falling asleep in the bath for six hours.[68] An exception occurs in the plot for second volume of the series, which is based on a Noh play called Koi no Omoni.[69] As she works, she enjoys listening to Final Fantasy soundtracks, Dragon Ball CDs, the bands Porno Graffitti, L'Arc-en-Ciel, and jazz music.[4][70]
Hoshino feels grateful to the editors assisting her, owing her D.Gray-man's success to them.[71] She has also thanked her mother in some volumes of the series.[72][73] The story arc involving Alma Karma proved Hoshino to difficult due to the fact it featured several characters. As a result, this arc set up Allen's departure from the Black Order to feature less characters per chapter. She has also commented the series' main theme was "tragedy" but still aims to make it fun. Additionally, once she has finished D.Gray-man, Hoshino wishes to make a more lighthearted series.[71]
In order to gather research for the series, Hoshino once visited New York as she believes the city left a deep influence in her works. She also visited graveyards since she never had resources for the series. The ground zero of the World Trade Center after the September 11 attacks also left a big impression in her based on the guides' comments. Hoshino commented she would rather go again as she did not have much time to stay in New York.[71]
Works
Publications
Zone (2002)[9]
Continue (2003)[10]
D.Gray-man (2004–ongoing)[11]
D.Gray-man Reverse 1: Clergyman's Departure(D.Gray-man reverse1 旅立ちの聖職者) (2005)[20]
D.Gray-man Reverse 2: The 49th Name(D.Gray-man reverse2 四十九番目の名前) (2006)[21]
D.Gray-man Official Fanbook: Gray Ark(D.Gray-man 公式ファンブック 灰色ノ聖櫃) (2008)[26]
D.Gray-man Illustrations Noche(D.Gray-man イラスト集｢Noche(ノーチェ)｣) (2010)[28]
D.Gray-man Reverse 3: Lost Fragment of Snow (2011)[23]
D.Gray-man Character Workbook CharaGray!(D．Gray－manキャラクターランキングブック キャラグレ！) (2011)[29]
Kaiten!!(カイテン!!) (2011)[74]
Demon King (2013)[75]
D.Gray-man Official Fan Book - Gray Log (Gray's Memory) 2017.[76]
Anime
Valvrave the Liberator (2013) – Original Character Designer[46]

  at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
 at Media Arts Database (in Japanese)

What was the first anime series created by Katsura Hoshino?


Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals. In humans, they occur in the greatest number on the face and scalp, but also on all parts of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The type of secretion of the sebaceous glands is referred to as holocrine. In the eyelids, meibomian glands, also called tarsal glands, are a type of sebaceous gland that secrete a special type of sebum into tears. Fordyce spots are ectopic (misplaced) sebaceous glands found usually on the lips, gums and inner cheeks, and genitals. Areolar glands surround the female nipples.
Several related medical conditions involve sebum—including acne, sebaceous cysts, hyperplasia, and sebaceous adenoma. These are usually attributable to overactive sebaceous glands, which produce excess sebum.
Structure
Location
The sebaceous glands are found throughout all areas of the skin except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.[1] There are two types of sebaceous gland, those connected to hair follicles, in pilosebaceous units, and those that exist independently.[2]
Sebaceous glands are found in hair-covered areas, where they are connected to hair follicles. One or more glands may surround each hair follicle, and the glands themselves are surrounded by arrector pili muscles. The glands have an acinar structure (like a many-lobed berry), in which multiple glands branch off a central duct. Relative to keratinocytes that make up the hair follicle, sebaceous glands are composed of huge cells with many large vesicles that contain the sebum.[3] These cells express Na+ and Cl− ion channels, ENaC and CFTR (see Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 in reference[3]).
The glands deposit sebum on the hairs, and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft. The structure consisting of hair, hair follicle, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous gland is an epidermal invagination known as a pilosebaceous unit.[2]
Sebaceous glands are also found in hairless areas (glabrous skin) of the eyelids, nose, penis, labia minora, the inner mucosal membrane of the cheek, and nipples.[2] Some sebaceous glands have unique names. Sebaceous glands on the lip and mucosa of the cheek, and on the genitalia, are known as Fordyce spots, and glands on the eyelids are known as meibomian glands. Sebaceous glands of the breast are also known as Montgomery's glands.[4]
Development
Sebaceous glands are first visible from the 13th to the 16th week of fetal development, as bulgings off hair follicles.[5] Sebaceous glands develop from the same tissue that gives rise to the epidermis of the skin. Overexpression of the signalling factors Wnt, Myc and SHH all increase the likelihood of sebaceous gland presence.[4]
The sebaceous glands of a human fetus secrete a substance called vernix caseosa, a waxy, translucent white substance coating the skin of newborns.[6] After birth, activity of the glands decreases until there is almost no activity during ages 2–6 years, and then increases to a peak of activity during puberty, due to heightened levels of androgens.[5]

Base of pilosebaceous unit
Insertion of sebaceous glands into hair shaft
Sagittal section through the upper eyelid.
A hair follicle with associated structures.
Scalp cross section showing follicle with sebaceous glands.

Function
Sebaceous glands secrete the oily, waxy substance called sebum (Latin: fat, tallow) that is made of triglycerides,  wax esters, squalene, and metabolites of fat-producing cells. Sebum waterproofs and lubricates the skin and hair of mammals.[7] Sebaceous secretions in conjunction with apocrine glands also play an important thermoregulatory role. In hot conditions, the secretions emulsify the sweat produced by the eccrine glands and this produces a sheet of sweat that is not readily lost in drops of sweat. This is of importance in delaying dehydration. In colder conditions, the nature of sebum becomes more lipid and in coating the hair and skin, rain is effectively repelled.[8][9]
Sebum is produced in a holocrine process, in which cells within the sebaceous gland rupture and disintegrate as they release the sebum and the cell remnants are secreted together with the sebum.[10][11] The cells are constantly replaced by mitosis at the base of the duct.[2]
Sebum
Sebum, secreted by the sebaceous gland in humans, is primarily composed of triglycerides (≈41%), wax esters (≈26%), squalene (≈12%), and free fatty acids (≈16%).[6][12] The composition of sebum varies across species.[12] Wax esters and squalene are unique to sebum and not produced as final products anywhere else in the body.[4] Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans, and is implicated in the development of acne.[13] Sebum is odorless, but its breakdown by bacteria can produce strong odors.[14]
Sex steroids are known to affect the rate of sebum secretion; androgens such as testosterone have been shown to stimulate secretion, and estrogens have been shown to inhibit secretion.[15] Dihydrotestosterone acts as the primary androgen in the prostate and in hair follicles.[16][17]
Immune function and nutrition
Sebaceous glands are part of the body's integumentary system and serve to protect the body against microorganisms. Sebaceous glands secrete acids that form the acid mantle. This is a thin, slightly acidic film on the surface of the skin that acts as a barrier to microbes that might penetrate the skin.[18] The pH of the skin is between 4.5 and 6.2,[19] an acidity that helps to neutralize the alkaline nature of contaminants.[20] Sebaceous lipids help maintain the integrity of the skin barrier,[8][21][22] and supply vitamin E to the skin.[23]
Unique sebaceous glands
During the last three months of fetal development, the sebaceous glands of the fetus produce vernix caseosa, a waxy white substance that coats the skin to protect it from amniotic fluid.[24]
The areolar glands are in the areola that surrounds the nipple in the female breast. These glands secrete an oily fluid that lubricates the nipple, and also secrete volatile compounds that are thought to serve as an olfactory stimulus for the newborn. During pregnancy and lactation these glands, also called Montgomery's glands, become enlarged.[25]
Meibomian glands, in the eyelids, secrete a form of sebum called meibum onto the eye, that slows the evaporation of tears.[26] It also serves to create an airtight seal when the eyes are closed and its lipid quality also prevents the eyelids from sticking together. The meibomian glands are also known as tarsal glands, Zeis glands and palpebral glands.[27] They attach directly to the follicles of the eyelashes, which are arranged vertically within the tarsal plates of the eyelids.
Fordyce spots, or Fordyce granules, are ectopic sebaceous glands found on the genitals and oral mucosa. They show themselves as yellowish-white milia (milk spots).[28]
Earwax is partly composed of sebum produced by glands in the ear canal. These secretions are viscous and have a high lipid content, which provides good lubrication.[29]
Clinical significance

Sebaceous glands are involved in skin problems such as acne and keratosis pilaris. In the skin pores, sebum and keratin can create a hyperkeratotic plug called a comedo.
Acne

Acne is a very common problem, particularly during puberty in teenagers, and is thought to relate to an increased production of sebum due to hormonal factors. The increased production of sebum can lead to a blockage of the sebaceous gland duct. This can cause a comedo, (commonly called a blackhead or a whitehead), which can lead to infection, particularly by the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This can inflame the comedones, which then change into the characteristic acne lesions. Comedones generally occur on the areas with more sebaceous glands, particularly the face, shoulders, upper chest and back. Comedones may be 'black' or 'white' depending on whether the entire pilosebaceous unit, or just the sebaceous duct, is blocked.[30] Sebaceous filaments—innocuous build-ups of sebum—are often mistaken for whiteheads.
There are many treatments available for acne from reducing sugars in the diet, to medications that include antibiotics, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids and hormonal treatments.[30] Retinoids reduce the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands.[31] Should the usual treatments fail, the presence of the Demodex mite could be looked for as the possible cause.[32]
Other
Other conditions that involve the sebaceous glands include:
Seborrhoea refers to overactive sebaceous glands, a cause of oily skin [4] or hair.[14]
Sebaceous hyperplasia, referring to excessive proliferation of the cells within the glands, and visible macroscopically as small papules on the skin, particularly on the forehead, nose and cheeks.[33]
Seborrhoeic dermatitis, a chronic, usually mild form of dermatitis effected by changes in the sebaceous glands.[34] In newborn infants seborrhoea dermatitis can occur as cradle cap.
Seborrheic-like psoriasis (also known as "Sebopsoriasis",[35] and "Seborrhiasis") is a skin condition characterized by psoriasis with an overlapping seborrheic dermatitis.[1]:193
Sebaceous adenoma,  a benign slow-growing tumour—which may, however, in rare cases be a precursor to a cancer syndrome known as Muir–Torre syndrome.[4]
Sebaceous carcinoma, an uncommon and aggressive cutaneous tumour.[36]
Sebaceous cyst is a term used to refer to both an epidermoid cyst and a pilar cyst, though neither of these contain sebum, only keratin and do not originate in the sebaceous gland and so are not true sebaceous cysts. A true sebaceous cyst is relatively rare and is known as a steatocystoma.[37]
Phymatous rosacea is a cutaneous condition characterized by an overgrowth of sebaceous glands.[35]
History
The word sebaceous, meaning "consisting of sebum", was first termed in 1728 and comes from the Latin for tallow.[38] Sebaceous glands have been documented since at least 1746 by Jean Astruc, who defined them as "...the glands which separate the fat."[39]:viii He describes them in the oral cavity, on the head, eyelids and ears, as "universally" acknowledged.,[39]:22–25 viii Astruc describes them being blocked by "small animals" that are "implanted" in the excretory ducts,[39]:64 and attributes their presence in the oral cavity to apthous ulcers, noting "these glands naturally [secrete] a viscous humour, which puts on various colours and consistencies... in its natural state is very mild, balsamic, and intended to wet and lubricate the mouth"[39]:85–86 In The Principles of Physiology 1834, Andrew Combe noted that the glands were not present in the palms of the hands or soles of the feet.[40]
Other animals

The preputial glands of mice and rats are large modified sebaceous glands that produce pheromones used for territorial marking.[4] These and the scent glands in the flanks of hamsters have a similar composition to human sebaceous glands, are androgen responsive, and have been used as a basis for study.[4] Some species of bat, including the Mexican free-tailed, have a specialized sebaceous gland occurring on the throat called a "gular gland".[42] This gland is present more frequently in males than females, and it is hypothesized that the secretions of the gland are used for scent-marking.[43]
Sebaceous adenitis is an autoimmune disease that affects sebaceous glands. It is mainly known to occur in dogs, particularly poodles and akitas, where it is thought to be generally autosomal recessively inherited. It has also been described in cats, and one report describes this condition in a rabbit. In these animals, it causes hair loss, though the nature and distribution of the hair loss differs greatly.[44]
See also
List of glands of the human body
Nasal sebum
Sebaceous filament

– Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Integument: scalp"
 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Is oiliness of the skin considered a disease?