Middle East isnt tropical (right?), neither is Bairnsdale (Victoria, Australia), both of these places have Buruli ulcers...I have no idea what is going on in OP, but I know neither of my suggestions are commonly thought of in initial work up stages and Ive seen similar presentations here in Oz. And the historical regions of prevalence of a lot of things is changing.QquestionI said typically, which is accurate. I'm certainly familiar with the Australian outbreak. I recall saying bingo, which feels like agreeing to me, and I do agree. It's a definite possibility the specialists they saw didn't consider it. I suppose I muddied the water for no particularly good reason... That's fair.Can also be contracted by unpasteurized dairyIs there a special test for this?Not really, but Id imagine the requesting physician should mention it in their diagnosis list. (It makes the microbiologists go ah, well look for that by setting up these tests)Basically swabs then culture (mycobacterium grow bloody slowly, so it is an extended culture) and PCR (looks for DNA from the bacteria, quicker, but not always as useful).Thanks for the info re burns pits. I would definitely recommend infectious disease specialist/s, being in close contact with burning, dead, decaying animals  human waste is a recipe for really weird parasites/bacteria.
Buruli (mycobacterium ulcerans) is typically gotten in tropical areas by exposure to contaminated water or bites from infected aquatic type insects iirc. As nasty as these burn pits seem if it were buruli the pits aren't likely the culprit. Burning introduces things into our lungs, which is awful but would not give him this type of infection. If he were stacking the animals etc onto the pit or otherwise handling similar items, well then... bingo.