PiC: A Phrase-in-Context Dataset for Phrase Understanding and Semantic Search
While contextualized word embeddings have been a de-facto standard, learning
contextualized phrase embeddings is less explored and being hindered by the
lack of a human-annotated benchmark that tests machine understanding of phrase
semantics given a context sentence or paragraph (instead of phrases alone). To
fill this gap, we propose PiC -- a dataset of ~28K of noun phrases accompanied
by their contextual Wikipedia pages and a suite of three tasks for training and
evaluating phrase embeddings. Training on PiC improves ranking models' accuracy
and remarkably pushes span-selection (SS) models (i.e., predicting the start
and end index of the target phrase) near-human accuracy, which is 95% Exact
Match (EM) on semantic search given a query phrase and a passage.
Interestingly, we find evidence that such impressive performance is because the
SS models learn to better capture the common meaning of a phrase regardless of
its actual context. SotA models perform poorly in distinguishing two senses of
the same phrase in two contexts (~60% EM) and in estimating the similarity
between two different phrases in the same context (~70% EM).