这是我所生活的地方，肯尼亚， 在内罗毕国家公园的南部

This is where I live. I live in Kenya, at the south parts of the Nairobi National Park.


在我的身后是我父亲的奶牛 在奶牛的后边 就是内罗毕国家公园

Those are my dad's cows at the back, and behind the cows, that's the Nairobi National Park.


内罗毕国家公园的南部并没有全部围起栅栏 这就意味着像斑马这样的野生动物 可以自由地在公园外移动

Nairobi National Park is not fenced in the south widely, which means wild animals like zebras migrate out of the park freely.


所以像狮子这样的捕食者会跟随他们 这就是他们的所作所为，

So predators like lions follow them, and this is what they do.


这就是其中一只在夜晚被杀害的奶牛 我在早晨醒来时就发现它已经死了， 我的心情槽透了， 因为这是我家里唯一的公牛

This is one of the cows which was killed at night, and I just woke up in the morning and I found it dead, and I felt so bad, because it was the only bull we had.


我们马赛族的人相信 我们是带着我们的动物和家园从天堂而来 然后放牧、生活，这就是我们为什么如此重视它们。

My community, the Maasai, we believe that we came from heaven with all our animals and all the land for herding them, and that's why we value them so much.


所以我逐渐地变得十分厌恶狮子


莫兰人都是勇士 他们保护我们的家族和牲畜 但是他们同样对这个问题感到沮丧，素手无策

The morans are the warriors who protect our community and the livestock, and they're also upset about this problem.


所以他们决定杀了这些狮子


这是他们在内罗毕国家公园杀的六个狮子中的其中一个

It's one of the six lions which were killed in Nairobi.


我想这就是内罗毕公园的狮子会那么少的原因。

And I think this is why the Nairobi National Park lions are few.


在我们家族，凡是六到九岁的男孩 都有肩负着保卫他们父亲奶牛的责任， 同样的事业发生在我身上。

So a boy, from six to nine years old, in my community is responsible for his dad's cows, and that's the same thing which happened to me.


所以我必须找到一个解决问题的方法。

So I had to find a way of solving this problem.


我想到的第一个办法是使用火， 因为我知道狮子们都惧怕火。

And the first idea I got was to use fire, because I thought lions were scared of fire.


但我又意识到这并没有什么成效， 反倒还帮助了狮子 看到了我们的牛棚。

But I came to realize that that didn't really help, because it was even helping the lions to see through the cowshed.


但我并没有因此放弃，我坚持不懈着


于是有了第二个办法： 利用稻草人。

And a second idea I got was to use a scarecrow.


我想要欺骗狮子 让它们误以为是我站在牛舍旁边。

I was trying to trick the lions [into thinking] that I was standing near the cowshed.


但是狮子十分聪明。 他们第一天来时看到了稻草人，然后就回去了。 但是第二天，他们会再来并且说： 这个东西从没动过，他一直呆在这儿 所以他们又跳进来，杀死了动物。

But lions are very clever. They will come the first day and they see the scarecrow, and they go back, but the second day, they'll come and they say, this thing is not moving here, it's always here. So he jumps in and kills the animals.


有一天晚上，我拿着手电筒在牛棚边走动， 那天晚上，狮子并没有来。

So one night, I was walking around the cowshed with a torch, and that day, the lions didn't come.


我开始意识到狮子们会害怕移动的光。

And I discovered that lions are afraid of a moving light.


因为我当时是个小孩子， 我可以一整天不干别的，在自己的房间里鼓捣一天， 我甚至把我妈妈新买的收音机拆得七零八落， 那天她差点杀了我， 尽管如此，我学到了许多关于电子的知识。 所以我找到了一个旧的车用蓄电池， 一个指示器。这是一个从摩托车中找到的小装备， 用来控制摩托车的转向灯，能够让灯闪烁。

Since I was a small boy, I used to work in my room for the whole day, and I even took apart my mom's new radio, and that day she almost killed me, but I learned a lot about electronics. So I got an old car battery, an indicator box. It's a small device found in a motorcycle, and it helps motorists when they want to turn right or left. It blinks.


同时我找到了一个开关，可以控制灯的亮灭。

And I got a switch where I can switch on the lights, on and off.


灯泡来自于一个坏掉的手电筒。

And that's a small torch from a broken flashlight.


就如你所见，由太阳能接收板来给电池充电， 再由电池来指示器给提供能量 我把这个叫做“变压器”，

As you can see, the solar panel charges the battery, and the battery supplies the power to the small indicator box. I call it a transformer.


这个指示器又会使光线闪动，

And the indicator box makes the lights flash.


你可以看到，这个电灯泡是朝外的， 因为狮子是从那儿过来的。

As you can see, the bulbs face outside, because that's where the lions come from.


当狮子晚上走近的时候看到的就是这个样子。

And that's how it looks to lions when they come at night.


这个灯光一闪动就会使狮子受到欺骗 它们会以为是我在牛棚附近走动， 但实际上，此时的我正在自己的床上做着春秋大梦。

The lights flash and trick the lions into thinking I was walking around the cowshed, but I was sleeping in my bed.


我在两年前把这个装置装在了我家中， 从那时起，我们就再没有狮子捕食家禽的烦恼了。

So I set it up in my home two years ago, and since then, we have never experienced any problem with lions.


我的邻居们都听说了这个办法。

And my neighboring homes heard about this idea.


他们中的其中一个就是这位老奶奶。


她家有一大堆的家禽被狮子捕食了。 她问我是否可以帮她在家里也装一个这样的灯。

She had a lot of her animals being killed by lions, and she asked me if I could put the lights for her.


我装上了这些灯，你们可以在背后看到，这些就是赶狮灯。

So I put the lights. You can see at the back, those are the lion lights.


至今为止，我已为我们家族社区中的七户家庭装上了这个赶狮灯， 它们非常有用。

Since now, I've set up seven homes around my community, and they're really working.


现在，我的方法已经被肯尼亚的所有人使用 来驱赶其他类似的捕食动物，像鬣狗，美洲豹等 它们同样被用来 驱赶大象远离人类的农庄。

And my idea is also being used now all over Kenya for scaring other predators like hyenas, leopards, and it's also being used to scare elephants away from people's farms.


我也很幸运地因为这项发明而获得了奖学金 这是肯尼亚最好的学校—— 布鲁克豪斯国际学校所颁发的， 我对此感到十分的兴奋。

Because of this invention, I was lucky to get a scholarship in one of the best schools in Kenya, Brookhouse International School, and I'm really excited about this.


我的新学校现在也加入进来，并帮助我 提高知名度并筹集更多资金。

My new school now is coming in and helping by fundraising and creating an awareness.


我甚至将我的朋友带回我的社区， 帮助他们在没有赶狮灯的人家里安装这个 我教他们怎么安装。

I even took my friends back to my community, and we're installing the lights to the homes which don't have [any], and I'm teaching them how to put them.


一年前，我只是一个热带大草原上 帮爸爸放牛的普通男孩， 我常常看着飞机飞过， 并且告诉自己：总有一天，我也会在里面。

So one year ago, I was just a boy in the savanna grassland herding my father's cows, and I used to see planes flying over, and I told myself that one day, I'll be there inside.


我获得了乘飞机来TED的机会，这是我的第一次

I got a chance to come by plane for my first time for TED.


所以我伟大的梦想是：当我长大以后，成为一个飞机工程师兼飞行员。

So my big dream is to become an aircraft engineer and pilot when I grow up.


我过去讨厌狮子，但是现在，就是因为我的发明 拯救了我爸爸的牛以及狮子 我们终于可以狮子和平共处了。

I used to hate lions, but now because my invention is saving my father's cows and the lions, we are able to stay with the lions without any conflict.


非常感谢（肯尼亚语）。在我的语言里，它的意思是：非常感谢！

Ashê olên. It means in my language, thank you very much.


Chris Anderson：你不会相信， 听到你这样的故事是多么使人振奋。

Chris Anderson: You have no idea how exciting it is to hear a story like yours.


所以你已经拿到了这个奖学金。Richard Turere：是的。

So you got this scholarship.Richard Turere: Yep.


CA：你是不是正在进行另一项电子发明？

CA: You're working on other electrical inventions.


RT：我的下一项发明是， 我想做一个电力栅栏。CA：电力栅栏？

RT: My next invention is, I want to make an electric fence.CA: Electric fence?


RT：我知道，电力栅栏已经有了， 但是我只想做我自己的那一个。

RT: But I know electric fences are already invented, but I want to make mine.


CA：你已经尝试过一次了，对吧，但是你——RT：我之前有过尝试， 但我停止了，因为它惊吓到我了。 CA：会是一场苦战。Richard Turere，你与众不同。

CA: You already tried it once, right, and you --RT: I tried it before, but I stopped because it gave me a shock. CA: In the trenches. Richard Turere, you are something else.


我们将为你在成长中的每一步喝彩，朋友。

We're going to cheer you on every step of the way, my friend.


当我还是个孩子的时候， 我认为我的国家是世界上最好的。

When I was little, I thought my country was the best on the planet.


我大一点后学会了一首叫做"无可羡慕"的歌，

And I grew up singing a song called "Nothing To Envy."


在学校，我们用很多时间 来学习金日成的历史， 但是我们从来没有对外面的世界有过太多了解， 除了知道美国、韩国和日本是敌人外。

In school, we spent a lot of time studying the history of Kim Il-Sung, but we never learned much about the outside world, except that America, South Korea, Japan are the enemies.


虽然我也时常憧憬外面的世界， 我以为我会在朝鲜度过我的一生， 直到所有事情都忽然改变。

Although I often wondered about the outside world, I thought I would spend my entire life in North Korea, until everything suddenly changed.


当我七岁的时候，我第一次见证了公开处决，

When I was seven years old, I saw my first public execution.


但是我认为我在朝鲜的生活很正常。

But I thought my life in North Korea was normal.


我的家庭并不贫穷。 而且对我自己来说，我从来没有体验过饥饿的感觉。

My family was not poor, and myself, I had never experienced hunger.


但是1995年的一天，我妈妈带了一封信回家 是从她同事的姐妹那里寄来的。

But one day, in 1995, my mom brought home a letter from a coworker's sister.


上面写道，”当你读到这封信时,我家的所有五个人 都将离开人世。 因为我们已经连续两周没有吃东西了。

It read, "When you read this, our five family members will not exist in this world, because we haven't eaten for the past three weeks.


我们现在一起躺在地板上， 我们的身体都太虚弱，准备等死。“

We are lying on the floor together, and our bodies are so weak, we are waiting to die."


那是我第一次听到 活在我的国家的人们所在承受的一切。

This was the first time I heard that people in my country were suffering.


在这之后不久，当我走过一个火车站时， 我看到一件非常痛心的事情 让我难以忘怀。

Soon after, when I was walking past a train station, I saw something terrible that to this day I can't erase from my memory.


一个奄奄一息的女人正躺在地上， 怀里抱着一个虚弱的孩子， 那个孩子只能绝望地望着他母亲的脸。

A lifeless woman was lying on the ground, while an emaciated child in her arms just stared helplessly at his mother's face.


但是没有人帮助他们， 因为大家连自己和自己的家人都无法顾全。

But nobody helped them, because they were so focused on taking care of themselves and their families.


90年代中期朝鲜发生了一次严重的饥荒。

A huge famine hit North Korea in the mid-1990s.


很不幸地，超过一百万朝鲜人 饿死在饥荒里。并且很多幸存者 是依靠吃草、虫子和树根活下来的。

Ultimately, more than a million North Koreans died during the famine, and many only survived by eating grass, bugs and tree bark.


停电也变得越来越频繁， 到了晚上我周围的一切都变得漆黑一片， 除了中国的灯火通明， 只要穿过我家旁的河就是。

Power outages also became more and more frequent, so everything around me was completely dark at night, except for the sea of lights in China, just across the river from my home.


我经常思考为什么他们有灯火而我们没有。

I always wondered why they had lights, but we didn't.


这是一张卫星图，拍摄了夜晚的朝鲜 和周边国家的比较。

This is a satellite picture showing North Korea at night, compared to neighbors.


这是鸭绿江， 作为着中国和朝鲜 边界的一部分。

This is the Amnok River, which serves as a part of the border between North Korea and China.


如同你们所见，这条河在某些地方非常窄， 窄到朝鲜人能借此偷渡到中国。

As you can see, the river can be very narrow at certain points, allowing North Koreans to secretly cross.


但是很多尝试偷渡的人死了。


有时候我看见尸体浮在水面上。

Sometimes, I saw dead bodies floating down the river.


我不能披露太多我离开朝鲜时的细节， 但是我只能说那是在饥荒中最艰难的几年， 我被送到中国和远亲一起住。 当时我以为，

I can't reveal many details about how I left North Korea, but I only can say that during the ugly years of the famine, I was sent to China to live with distant relatives.


我只是和我的家人分开很短一段时间。

But I only thought that I would be separated from my family for a short time.


但是我从没想到， 经历了14年我们才得以重聚。

I could have never imagined that it would take 14 years to live together.


在中国，我作为一个没家的小女孩过得很辛苦。

In China, it was hard living as a young girl without my family.


我根本不知道，身为一个朝鲜的难民 我未来的生活会怎样。

I had no idea what life was going to be like as a North Korean refugee.


但是我很快意识到那生活不但充满了艰辛， 甚至无比危险。 因为朝鲜难民在中国 被视为非法移民，

But I soon learned it's not only extremely difficult, it's also very dangerous, since North Korean refugees are considered in China as illegal migrants.


所以我总是生活在恐惧中， 我害怕我的身份会被人发现。 我会被遣送回朝鲜， 去接受悲惨的命运。

So I was living in constant fear that my identity could be revealed, and I would be repatriated to a horrible fate, back in North Korea.


有一天，我最糟糕的恶梦成真了， 我被中国警察抓住 并带去警察局接受审问。

One day, my worst nightmare came true, when I was caught by the Chinese police, and brought to the police station for interrogation.


有人指控我是朝鲜人， 所以警察测试了我的汉语能力， 并且问了我很多问题。

Someone had accused me of being North Korean, so they tested my Chinese language abilities, and asked me tons of questions.


感觉我的心都快因恐惧而爆炸了。

I thought my heart was going to explode.


如果有任何异样，我就会入狱 并被遣送回去，

If anything seemed unnatural, I could be imprisoned and repatriated.


尽管如此，我还是努力隐藏了自己的恐惧和担忧， 并回答了他们的问题。

But I managed to control all the emotions inside me, and answer the questions.


这之后， 一个警察对另一个人说，“ 报告是错误的， 她不是朝鲜人。”

After they finished questioning me, one official said to another, "This was a false report. She's not North Korean."


然后他们放我走了。真是个奇迹。


一些朝鲜人在中国 到外国大使馆去寻求庇护，

Some North Koreans in China seek asylum in foreign embassies.


但是很多人被中国警察抓住， 并被送回朝鲜。

But many can be caught by the Chinese police, and repatriated.


尽管她们被抓住了， 但是迫于巨大的国际舆论压力 她们最终被释放了。

Even though they were caught, they were eventually released, after heavy international pressure.


但还有一些朝鲜人就没那么幸运了。


每年，无数的朝鲜人在中国被捕 并被遣送， 回到朝鲜后，他们被折磨、关押 或者被公开处决。

Every year, countless North Koreans are caught in China and repatriated to North Korea, where they can be tortured, imprisoned, or publicly executed.


尽管我足够幸运能离开朝鲜， 我的好多同胞却没有这样的好运气。

Even though I was really fortunate to get out, many other North Koreans have not been so lucky.


这是个很悲惨的事实，那就是朝鲜人必须要隐姓埋名， 如此努力仅仅为了能生存下去。

It's tragic that North Koreans have to hide their identities and struggle so hard just to survive.


即使他们学会了中文，找到了工作， 他们的整个世界也会在顷刻间颠覆。

Even after learning a new language and getting a job, their whole world can be turned upside down in an instant.


这就是为什么，在隐姓埋名10年后， 我决定冒险去韩国。

That's why, after 10 years of hiding my identity, I decided to risk going to South Korea.


就这样，我又一次开始了新的生活。


在韩国定居比我想象的更加困难 并且充满了挑战。

Settling down in South Korea was a lot more challenging than I had expected.


英语在韩国太重要了， 所以我必须要开始学习第三门语言——英语。

English was so important in South Korea, so I had to start learning my third language.


此外，我意识到， 韩国与朝鲜之间有巨大的差异。

Also, I realized there was a wide gap between North and South.


尽管我们都是朝鲜族人， 但是我们的内在已经变得非常不同了， 由于67年的分裂。

We are all Korean, but inside, we have become very different, due to 67 years of division.


我甚至经历了自我身份的质疑。


我到底是韩国人还是朝鲜人？


突然间，我似乎无法骄傲地称任何一个国家 为我自己的国家。

Suddenly, there was no country I could proudly call my own.


尽管适应韩国的生活并不是易事， 但是我还是决定 准备大学入学考试。

Even though adjusting to life in South Korea was not easy, I made a plan -- I started studying for the university entrance exam.


就在我刚开始习惯新生活不久， 我接到了一个令人震惊的电话。

Just as I was starting to get used to my new life, I received a shocking phone call.


朝鲜政府拦截了 我寄回家的部分钱款， 作为惩罚，我的家人要被 强制搬走， 搬到农村的一个偏僻的地方去。

The North Korean authorities intercepted some money that I sent to my family, and, as a punishment, my family was going to be forcibly removed to a desolate location in the countryside.


所以我开始计划帮助他们逃脱。

So I started planning how to help them escape.


朝鲜人通往自由的道路 是如此遥不可及。

North Koreans have to travel incredible distances on the path to freedom.


要想穿越朝鲜与韩国 的边境几乎是不可能的，

It's almost impossible to cross the border between North Korea and South Korea.


所以，颇具讽刺意味的是，我坐飞机到了中国 然后再前往中朝边境。

So, ironically, I took a flight back to China and headed toward the North Korean border.


因为我的家人不懂中文， 所以我得帮助他们 在中国穿越2000多公里， 进入东南亚。

Since my family couldn't speak Chinese, I had to guide them somehow through more than 2,000 miles in China, and then into Southeast Asia.


我们在巴士上的旅途有一周之久， 好几次都差点被抓住。

The journey by bus took one week, and we were almost caught several times.


又一次，我们坐的巴士被拦下了， 一个中国警官上了车，

One time, our bus was stopped and boarded by a Chinese police officer.


他查看每个人的身份证， 并开始问问题。

He took everyone's I.D. cards, and he started asking them questions.


因为我的家人不懂中文， 我害怕他们会被抓住。

Since my family couldn't understand Chinese, I thought my family was going to be arrested.


所以当那个中国警官快检查到我家人时， 我本能地站起来告诉他 这几位是聋哑人， 我是他们的监护人。

As the Chinese officer approached my family, I impulsively stood up, and I told him that these are deaf and dumb people that I was chaperoning.


他怀疑地看着我， 但幸运地，他相信了我的话。

He looked at me suspiciously, but luckily, he believed me.


就这样我们一路来到了老挝，

We made it all the way to the border of Laos.


但是我却要几乎花光全部积蓄来 贿赂老挝的边境警察。

But I had to spend almost all my money to bribe the border guards in Laos.


而且即使我们过了这一关， 我的家人还是因非法入境， 被捕入狱了。

But even after we got past the border, my family was arrested and jailed for illegal border crossing.


在我交了罚金和贿赂用的钱后， 我的家人一个月后被释放了，

After I paid the fine and bribe, my family was released in one month.


但不久后，他们在老挝的首都， 又被抓起来了。

But soon after, my family was arrested and jailed again, in the capital of Laos.


那是我人生中最低落的时刻之一。

This was one of the lowest points in my life.


我为了让我的家人获得自由，倾尽所能 然而就在快要成功的时候， 家人却又要经历牢狱之灾， 并且这个监狱离朝鲜大使馆并不远。

I did everything to get my family to freedom, and we came so close, but my family was thrown in jail, just a short distance from the South Korean embassy.


我在移民局和警察局， 来来回回折腾了好多次， 绝望地努力着，希望能把他们救出来，

I went back and forth between the immigration office and the police station, desperately trying to get my family out.


但是我已没有足够的钱 来贿赂或是交罚金了。

but I didn't have enough money to pay a bribe or fine anymore.


就在这时，我听见一个人问我， “怎么了？” 我很是诧异，

At that moment, I heard one man's voice ask me, "What's wrong?"


一个完全的陌生人这样关切地询问。

I was so surprised that a total stranger cared enough to ask.


我用蹩脚的英文再借助字典， 毫不犹豫地向那个人解释了情况。 那个人走去ATM机， 为我的家人以及另两个朝鲜人 支付了出狱的剩余的所有费用。

In my broken English, and with a dictionary, I explained the situation, and without hesitating, the man went to the ATM, and he paid the rest of the money for my family, and two other North Koreans to get out of jail.


我真心地感谢他，并问道， “你为什么要帮助我？”

I thanked him with all my heart, and I asked him, "Why are you helping me?"


“我并不是在帮助你，”他回答，


“我是在帮助朝鲜的人们。“


我当时就意识到那是我人生很有象征意义的一个时刻。

I realized that this was a symbolic moment in my life.


那个善良的陌生人象征着我以及 朝鲜人最需要的希望。

The kind stranger symbolized new hope for me and the North Korean people, when we needed it most.


他使我明白，陌生人的善意 和国际社会的支持 真是我们朝鲜人需要的希望之光。

And he showed me that the kindness of strangers and the support of the international community are truly the rays of hope we North Korean people need.


最终，在经历了漫长的旅行后， 我和家人终于在韩国重聚。

Eventually, after our long journey, my family and I were reunited in South Korea.


但是获得自由只是打赢了战争的一半。

But getting to freedom is only half the battle.


很多朝鲜人和他们的家人分离， 并且当他们来到新的国家时， 他们通常都只有很少的钱，或者身无分文。

Many North Koreans are separated from their families, and when they arrive in a new country, they start with little or no money.


所以我们可以通过国际社会的帮助 来接受教育，英语培训， 工作培训等等。

So we can benefit from the international community for education, English language training, job training, and more.


我们还可以作为 世界与生活在朝鲜的同胞之间 的沟通桥梁。

We can also act as a bridge between the people inside North Korea and the outside world.


因为我们很多人都和 生活在朝鲜的家人保持联系。 我们寄送回去的信息和钱 都在内在地改变朝鲜。

Because many of us stay in contact with family members still inside, and we send information and money that is helping to change North Korea from inside.


我是如此幸运， 在人生中得到了这么多帮助和启示， 所以我想帮助那些心怀梦想的朝鲜人 在国际的援助下， 一个实现梦想的机会。

I've been so lucky, received so much help and inspiration in my life, so I want to help give aspiring North Koreans a chance to prosper with international support.


我有信心你们将会看到越来越多的 朝鲜人在世界的舞台上取得成功， 包括TED这个舞台。

I'm confident that you will see more and more North Koreans succeeding all over the world, including the TED stage.


这就是洛杉矶南区： 贩酒店， 快餐店， 闲置的土地。

This is South Central: liquor stores, fast food, vacant lots.


因此城市的规划者他们坐在一起讨论 想把洛杉矶南区这个名字改的代表点别的什么含义， 所以他们把它改成了南洛杉矶， 好像这将要解决这个城市真正的问题似的。

So the city planners, they get together and they figure they're going to change the name South Central to make it represent something else, so they change it to South Los Angeles, like this is going to fix what's really going wrong in the city.


这是南洛杉矶 贩酒店， 快餐店， 闲置的土地。

This is South Los Angeles. Liquor stores, fast food, vacant lots.


和其他两千六百五十万的美国人一样， 我生活在食物的荒漠， 洛杉矶南区， 是得来速（快餐商业模式，顾客不用下车即可获得服务）和飞车的家园。

Just like 26.5 million other Americans, I live in a food desert, South Central Los Angeles, home of the drive-thru and the drive-by.


有趣的是得来速比飞车杀死的人更多。

Funny thing is, the drive-thrus are killing more people than the drive-bys.


人们死于可治愈的疾病。 举个例子，我所住的街区的肥胖率 要比相距我们10英里不到的比佛利山庄 高出5倍，也许是8倍。

People are dying from curable diseases For instance, the obesity rate in my neighborhood is five times higher than, say, Beverly Hills, which is probably eight, 10 miles away.


同时我在考虑，如果没有途径去得到健康的食物 你的感受是什么， 如果每次你从家里出来，看到在你的社区 现有的食物系统的不良影响，你的感受是什么？

And I was wondering, how would you feel if you had no access to healthy food, if every time you walk out your door you see the ill effects that the present food system has on your neighborhood?


我看到轮椅像二手汽车一样 进行买卖。

I see wheelchairs bought and sold like used cars.


我看到透析中心像星巴克一样不断涌现。

I see dialysis centers popping up like Starbucks.


我认为答案已经藏在问题之中。

So I figured that the problem is the solution.


食物是问题，食物也是解决方案。

Food is the problem and food is the solution.


再加上我着实厌倦了开45分钟的来回 去买个没打过杀虫剂的苹果。

Plus I got tired of driving 45 minutes round trip to get an apple that wasn't impregnated with pesticides.


因此我做的，就是在我的房子前种上食物森林。

So what I did, I planted a food forest in front of my house.


它位于我们称为公园路的绿化带上。

It was on a strip of land that we call a parkway.


150英尺乘以10英尺大小。


因此我觉得，“太好了！这是我的责任，我必须维护它， 所以我想做什么就可以做什么了！”

So I'm like, "Cool. I can do whatever the hell I want, since it's my responsibility and I gotta maintain it."


这是我为何要维护它的原因。

And this is how I decided to maintain it.


因此我和我的团队，“洛杉矶绿地”，我们聚在一起 开始种植自己的食物森林，果树， 还有整整九种蔬菜。

So me and my group, L.A. Green Grounds, we got together and we started planting my food forest, fruit trees, you know, the whole nine, vegetables.


我们是一个自由的组织， 由来自不同行业不同城市的园丁组成。 大家全都是志愿者， 我们所做的一切都是义务的。

What we do, we're a pay-it-forward kind of group, where it's composed of gardeners from all walks of life, from all over the city, and it's completely volunteer, and everything we do is free.


政府指责我， 给了我张告票通知我必须移除我的花园， 之后告票变成了警告函。

The city came down on me, and basically gave me a citation saying that I had to remove my garden, which this citation was turning into a warrant.


我心想“搞什么，来真的？


禁止在一小块土地上种食物 而之前这块土地却没人关心？ 然后我想，”酷，就这样吧。“

A warrant for planting food on a piece of land that you could care less about?" And I was like, "Cool. Bring it."


所以洛杉矶时报报道了，斯蒂夫·洛佩兹写了个关于它的故事 并和议员以及一个绿地组织的成员 进行了交谈， 他们将请愿书上传到了Change.org， 并且收集到了900个签名，我们成功 了！

So L.A. Times got ahold of it. Steve Lopez did a story on it and talked to the councilman, and one of the Green Grounds members, they put up a petition on Change.org, and with 900 signatures, we were a success.


我们用我们的双手获得成功。


议员甚至前来拜访，表达了他有多么赞赏 和热爱我们所做的。

My councilman even called in and said how they endorse and love what we're doing.


我的意思是，当然啦，他们怎么能不这么做呢？


洛杉矶所拥有的空地的数量在美国名列前茅。

L.A. leads the United States in vacant lots that the city actually owns.


它拥有26平方公里的空地。

They own 26 square miles of vacant lots.


有足够的空间去种植七亿两千五百万的番茄。

That's enough space to plant 725 million tomato plants.


他们究竟为什么觉得这样不好呢？

Why in the hell would they not okay this?


种一棵树能够收到一千，甚至一万颗种子。

Growing one plant will give you 1,000, 10,000 seeds.


一美元的绿豆可以为你 带来75美元的收成。

When one dollar's worth of green beans will give you 75 dollars' worth of produce.


这是我的信条，我告诉人们，种植你们自己的食物吧。

It's my gospel, when I'm telling people, grow your own food.


自己种食物就好像自己印钱似的。

Growing your own food is like printing your own money.


（鼓掌） 瞧，在洛杉矶我有了遗产。


我在那里成长，我在那里养育我的儿子。

I grew up there. I raised my sons there.


我拒绝成为由别人为我打造的 这种现实的一部分 我要自己创造自己的现实。

And I refuse to be a part of this manufactured reality that was manufactured for me by some other people, and I'm manufacturing my own reality.


看到了吧，我是个艺术家。


园艺工作就是我的涂鸦，我创造自己的艺术。

Gardening is my graffiti. I grow my art.


就好像涂鸦艺术家一样，他们美化墙壁。 而我，美化草坪，绿化带。

Just like a graffiti artist, where they beautify walls, me, I beautify lawns, parkways.


我把花园和土地视为画布， 而植物和树木 就是我在画布上的装饰。

I use the garden, the soil, like it's a piece of cloth, and the plants and the trees, that's my embellishment for that cloth.


你可能会震惊土地所能做的 如果你把它当成你的画布。

You'd be surprised what the soil could do if you let it be your canvas.


你无法想象向日葵有多么的神奇， 以及它将对人产生何种影响。

You just couldn't imagine how amazing a sunflower is and how it affects people.


我目睹了我的花园变为了教育的工具， 变为了我社区改革的工具。

I have witnessed my garden become a tool for the education, a tool for the transformation of my neighborhood.


为了改变社区，你必须改变土壤的成分。

To change the community, you have to change the composition of the soil.


你会为孩子们如何被影响而震惊。

You'd be surprised how kids are affected by this.


园艺活动是最有益于身体健康以及 挑战性十足的活动， 尤其是这项活动在市中心进行。

Gardening is the most therapeutic and defiant act you can do, especially in the inner city.


我记得有次， 一个妈妈和女儿在 差不多晚上10点半的时候偷偷摸摸的出现在我的菜园， 当我出来看到她们，她们显得非常难为情。

I remember this time, there was this mother and a daughter came, it was, like, 10:30 at night, and they were in my yard, and I came out and they looked so ashamed.


她们的出现使我感觉非常糟糕， 我告诉他们，你们不用像这样来拿食物。

So I'm like, man, it made me feel bad that they were there, and I told them, you know, you don't have to do this like this.


当我看到我身边的人们 饿着肚子时，这让我觉得非常羞愧。 这加强了我做（食物森林）的决心。 人们问我，“Fin，你难道不怕 人们来偷你食物吗？”

It made me feel ashamed to see people that were this close to me that were hungry, and this only reinforced why I do this, and people asked me, "Fin, aren't you afraid people are going to steal your food?"


我回答说，“当然不啦，我当然不怕人们会偷它，

And I'm like, "Hell no, I ain't afraid they're gonna steal it.


而这也是为什么它在街上的原因。


我想要人们拿走它，但是同时， 我也希望人们能够重归健康的身体。”

I want them to take it, but at the same time, I want them to take back their health."


还有一次当我 在洛杉矶市中心的一个流浪汉之家安置了一个花园。

There's another time when I put a garden in this homeless shelter in downtown Los Angeles.


这些小伙子帮助我卸了货。

These are the guys, they helped me unload the truck.


这很酷，他们分享了关于花园如何对他们 产生影响以及他们如何与自己的 母亲以及祖母一起种植的故事， 看到花园可以改变他们真是一件非常酷的事情， 仅仅为了这一刻，

It was cool, and they just shared the stories about how this affected them and how they used to plant with their mother and their grandmother, and it was just cool to see how this changed them, if it was only for that one moment.


绿地组织又开始安置 也许是20个花园。

So Green Grounds has gone on to plant maybe 20 gardens.


我们已经有大约50人参与到我们的团队中来， 他们全都是志愿者。

We've had, like, 50 people come to our dig-ins and participate, and it's all volunteers.


如果孩子们种植甘蓝，孩子们就会吃甘蓝。


如果他们种植番茄，他们就会吃番茄。 但是当这些都没有呈现在孩子们眼前， 如果他们并没有体会到食物是如何影响人的想法和身体的， 他们只是盲目的吃着任何摆在他们面前的食物。

If they grow tomatoes, they eat tomatoes. But when none of this is presented to them, if they're not shown how food affects the mind and the body, they blindly eat whatever the hell you put in front of them.


我看到年轻人们 他们想要工作， 但是他们都很乐意在这件事上花时间， 我看到不同肤色的孩子们，他们一直循规蹈矩 走着别人为他们设计的路， 而这条路却不知所终。

I see young people and they want to work, but they're in this thing where they're caught up -- I see kids of color and they're just on this track that's designed for them, that leads them to nowhere.


当进行园艺活动时，我发现了一个机会 我们能训练这些孩子们 接管他们的社区， 过上一种可持续发展的生活。

So with gardening, I see an opportunity where we can train these kids to take over their communities, to have a sustainable life.


我们这么做的时候，谁知道我们是否会


培养出下一个乔治华盛顿呢。

We might produce the next George Washington Carver.


但是如果我们不改变土壤的成分， 我们永远不会这样做。

but if we don't change the composition of the soil, we will never do this.


这使我目前计划中的一个。这是我想要做的。

Now this is one of my plans. This is what I want to do.


我想要种一整个街区的菜园 在这个街区人们能够分享食物。

I want to plant a whole block of gardens where people can share in the food in the same block.


我想要把集装箱 改造为健康的咖啡屋。

I want to take shipping containers and turn them into healthy cafes.


我没想着免费， 因为免费是不能持续的。

I'm not talking about no free shit, because free is not sustainable.


而可持续性的搞笑之处在于 你必须维持它。

The funny thing about sustainability, you have to sustain it.


我所讲的就是让人们得到工作， 让孩子们远离街道，让他们了解 自己种植食物的喜悦，荣誉和荣耀， 开放农民市场。

What I'm talking about is putting people to work, and getting kids off the street, and letting them know the joy, the pride and the honor in growing your own food, opening farmer's markets.


因此我想要做的 是想把这个计划弄的更加吸引人。

So what I want to do here, we gotta make this sexy.


我想要我们成为环境革命的叛徒， 流氓，流氓园丁。

So I want us all to become ecolutionary renegades, gangstas, gangsta gardeners.


We gotta flip the script on what a gangsta is.


如果你不是个园丁，那你就不是个流氓。

If you ain't a gardener, you ain't gangsta.


当个拿铲子的流氓，怎么样？


让铲子成为你选择的武器吧。


（鼓掌） 基本上，如果你们想见我， 如果想要碰面， 如果想坐在舒适的椅子上 讲一些有的没的 就别给我打电话。

So basically, if you want to meet with me, you know, if you want to meet, don't call me if you want to sit around in cushy chairs and have meetings where you talk about doing some shit -- where you talk about doing some shit.


如果想见我，就拿着铁铲来花园吧 这样我们就可以种点东西啦。

If you want to meet with me, come to the garden with your shovel so we can plant some shit.


(锤声） （微波炉声） 你们也许会同意 这条路很不错。

You probably all agree with me that this is a very nice road.


它是沥青做的， 沥青是一种很好的材料，在上面开车很好 但也不总是，特别是像今天这样的天气， 下大雨的时候。

It's made of asphalt, and asphalt is a very nice material to drive on, but not always, especially not on these days as today, when it's raining a lot.


在沥青路上会溅起很多水。

Then you can have a lot of splash water in the asphalt.


尤其是如果你正骑着自行车， 与那些车擦肩而过，就不太好啦。

And especially if you then ride with your bicycle, and pass these cars, then that's not very nice.


同时，沥青路会产生很大噪音。

Also, asphalt can create a lot of noise.


这种材料有点吵， 如果我们要修的路紧邻城市， 像荷兰的道路那样，我们就会希望噪音小一些。

It's a noisy material, and if we produce roads like in the Netherlands, very close to cities, then we would like a silent road.


解决的办法就是 使用多孔沥青来修路。

The solution for that is to make roads out of porous asphalt.


多孔沥青这种材料 用在荷兰的多数高速公路上， 它有些小毛孔让水渗过去， 雨水会流向旁边， 路上驾车就容易了， 也没有溅起的水花。

Porous asphalt, a material that we use now in most of the highways in the Netherlands, it has pores and water can just rain through it, so all the rainwater will flow away to the sides, and you have a road that's easy to drive on, so no splash water anymore.


噪音也会消失在这些毛孔里。

Also the noise will disappear in these pores.


因为它有很多空洞，相互抵消了噪音， 所以路就很安静。

Because it's very hollow, all the noise will disappear, so it's a very silent road.


当然，它也有缺点， 这种路的缺点是沥青可能会松脱。

It also has disadvantages, of course, and the disadvantage of this road is that raveling can occur.


什么叫松脱？看看这条路 路面上的石头脱落。

What is raveling? You see that in this road that the stones at the surface come off.


开始一块，接着几块， 越来越多， 后来就——我就不演示了。 但它们会损坏你的挡风玻璃， 你肯定不高兴。

First you get one stone, then several more, and more and more and more and more, and then they -- well, I will not do that. But they can damage your windshield, so you're not happy with that.


最后，这种松脱会带来越来越多的损害。

And finally, this raveling can also lead to more and more damage.


Sometimes you can create potholes with that.


坑坑洼洼当然会变成问题， 但我们有解决的办法。

Potholes, of course, that can become a problem, but we have a solution.


这里你看到的是这种材料上出现的损害。

Here you see actually how the damage appears in this material.


这是沥青，就像我说的， 石头中间有少量的粘合剂。

It's a porous asphalt, like I said, so you have only a small amount of binder between the stones.


由于风化、紫外线、氧化等原因 这种粘合剂，这种沥青， 集料之间的黏胶会收缩， 如果它收缩，就会有小裂纹， 从集块开始会出现分层。

Due to weathering, due to U.V. light, due to oxidation, this binder, this bitumen, the glue between the aggregates is going to shrink, and if it shrinks, it gets micro-cracks, and it delaminates from the aggregates.


如果你在这种路上行驶，你会带出这些集料-- 就是我们看到的。

Then if you drive over the road, you take out the aggregates -- what we just saw here.


为了解决这个问题，我们考虑到了自我修复材料。

To solve this problem, we thought of self-healing materials.


如果我们能让这种材料自我修复， 就有可能有解决方案。

If we can make this material self-healing, then probably we have a solution.


我们用的就是清洁厨具用的钢丝绒， 钢丝绒可以裁成很小块， 我们把这些小块混进沥青。

So what we can do is use steel wool just to clean pans, and the steel wool we can cut in very small pieces, and these very small pieces we can mix to the bitumen.


所以现在的沥青 有一些小钢丝绒在里面。

So then you have asphalt with very small pieces of steel wool in it.


你再需要一个像这样的机器， 一个感应电机——它可以用来做饭。

Then you need a machine, like you see here, that you can use for cooking -- an induction machine.


感应电机可以加热东西，尤其擅长加热钢铁

Induction can heat, especially steel; it's very good at that.


所以我们要做的就是把钢铁加热， 把沥青溶化， 沥青就会流进那些小裂缝里， 脱落的小石子就又被粘上了。

Then what you do is you heat up the steel, you melt the bitumen, and the bitumen will flow into these micro-cracks, and the stones are again fixed to the surface.


由于感应电机太大了拿不上来， 我在这里就用微波炉演示了。

Today I use a microwave because I cannot take the big induction machine here onstage.


微波炉跟感应电机的原理类似。


我把样品放进去了，现在把它拿出来 看看发生了什么事。

So I put the specimen in, which I'm now going to take out to see what happened.


我们实验室里有工业用的机器 来加热样品。

So I said we have such an industrial machine in the lab to heat up the specimens.


我们测试过很多样品， 政府也看过我们的结果， 他们决定，“这很有趣，我们应该试一下。”

We tested a lot of specimens there, and then the government, they actually saw our results, and they thought, "Well, that's very interesting. We have to try that."


政府免费授权了一段高速公路给我们， 在A58号上400米的距离， 我们就在那里做了材料测试。

So they donated to us a piece of highway, 400 meters of the A58, where we had to make a test track to test this material.


这就是我们做的。你看到的就是做的实验路段， 当然这段路近几年不会坏。 我们在实践中确认了这点。

So that's what we did here. You see where we were making the test road, and then of course this road will last several years without any damage. That's what we know from practice.


我们在这段路上取了很多样品 在实验室里进行各种测试。

So we took a lot of samples from this road and we tested them in the lab.


我们做了老化实验， 加了很多负载，用我们的感应电机给它们加热， 重复加热和测试。

So we did aging on the samples, did a lot of loading on it, healed them with our induction machine, and healed them and tested them again.


事实上，这项实验得到的结论是 如果我们每四年在这段路上 用我们的加热机器——超大号微波炉 我们要把这个机器搬到公路上用—— 我们每四年上这段路 路面的寿命会加倍， 当然会省很多钱。

So actually, the conclusion from this research is that if we go on the road every four years with our healing machine -- this is the big version we have made to go on the real road -- if we go on the road every four years we can double the surface life of this road, which of course saves a lot of money.


所以，结论是 我们制造了一种材料 使用钢纤维，加了钢纤维 使用感应能量 有效的增加了路面的寿命， 能使路面的寿命加倍， 用这种简单的技巧就会省很多钱。

Well, to conclude, I can say that we made a material using steel fibers, the addition of steel fibers, using induction energy to really increase the surface life of the road, double the surface life you can even do, so it will really save a lot of money with very simple tricks.


And now you're of course curious if it also worked.


我们看这个样品。现在还有点烫。

So we still have the specimen here. It's quite warm.


事实上，我要先让它冷却下来 才能向你们展示加热修复是否有效。

Actually, it still has to cool down first before I can show you that the healing works.


我11岁那年， 记得有一天早晨醒来，听见家里有愉悦的声音。

When I was 11, I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house.


我的父亲在用他的灰色小收音机

My father was listening to BBC News on his small, gray radio.


他面带笑容，这很少见， 因为大部分的新闻都只会使他沮丧。

There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then, because the news mostly depressed him.


“塔利班走了！” 父亲大声叫着。

"The Taliban are gone!" my father shouted.


我不知道那意味着什么， 但是我能看出父亲非常非常高兴。

I didn't know what it meant, but I could see that my father was very, very happy.


“你现在可以去个真正的学校念书了。” 他说。

"You can go to a real school now," he said.


我永远不会忘记那个早晨。


我6岁那年，塔利班占领阿富汗 并规定女孩上学是违法的。

You see, I was six when the Taliban took over Afghanistan and made it illegal for girls to go to school.


所以在那之后5年，我女扮男装 陪着我姐姐去一个秘密学校 姐姐那时已经不被允许独自外出了。

So for the next five years, I dressed as a boy to escort my older sister, who was no longer allowed to be outside alone, to a secret school.


这是我们俩人唯一的受教育方式。

It was the only way we both could be educated.


我们每天要走不同的路线 这样才没有人会怀疑我们要去哪里。

Each day, we took a different route so that no one would suspect where we were going.


我们把书放在食品杂货袋中 这样别人就会以为我们只是要去购物

We would cover our books in grocery bags so it would seem we were just out shopping.


学校在一个房屋里， 我们100多人挤在一个小客厅里。

The school was in a house, more than 100 of us packed in one small living room.


冬天很舒服，但夏天却极热。

It was cozy in winter but extremely hot in summer.


我们都知道自己正冒着生命的危险- 老师，学生以及家长都很明白

We all knew we were risking our lives -- the teacher, the students and our parents.


有时，学校会突然停课一周 因为被塔利班怀疑了。

From time to time, the school would suddenly be canceled for a week because Taliban were suspicious.


我们总是担心会被塔利班发现。

We always wondered what they knew about us.


我们很害怕， 但是，我们仍然渴望去学校。

We were scared, but still, school was where we wanted to be.


我很幸运地成长在一个 珍视教育也珍爱女儿的家庭。

I was very lucky to grow up in a family where education was prized and daughters were treasured.


我的祖父在他的年代是位非凡的人。

My grandfather was an extraordinary man for his time.


他出身阿富汗边远地区，有着与他人不同的见解 他坚持让他的女儿，我的母亲， 去上学，并因此被迫与他的父亲断绝父子关系。

A total maverick from a remote province of Afghanistan, he insisted that his daughter, my mom, go to school, and for that he was disowned by his father.


但是我那受过教育的母亲成为了一名教师。

But my educated mother became a teacher.


她两年前退休了，结果却把我家 变成了一所学校，教育社区中的女孩和妇女

She retired two years ago, only to turn our house into a school for girls and women in our neighborhood.


我的父亲-那就是他- 他是他家族中第一个受到教育的人。

And my father -- that's him -- he was the first ever in his family to receive an education.


因此毫无疑问，他的孩子 应当受到教育，包括他的女儿， 尽管有塔利班，尽管有风险。

There was no question that his children would receive an education, including his daughters, despite the Taliban, despite the risks.


对他来说，孩子不接受教育才是更大的风险。

To him, there was greater risk in not educating his children.


在塔利班控制阿富汗的那些年，我记得 有时我会对自己的生活感到沮丧 总是会害怕，看不见未来。

During Taliban years, I remember there were times I would get so frustrated by our life and always being scared and not seeing a future.


我想过要放弃， 但我的父亲 这时就会说 “听着，我的女儿， 你可能失去你生命中的任何东西。

I would want to quit, but my father, he would say, "Listen, my daughter, you can lose everything you own in your life.


你的钱可能被偷，你可能因战争而背井离乡。

Your money can be stolen. You can be forced to leave your home during a war.


而你唯一能够守护住的东西 就是这里， 如果我们不得不靠卖血来支付你的学费， 我们会毫不犹豫。

But the one thing that will always remain with you is what is here, and if we have to sell our blood to pay your school fees, we will.


即便如此你还是不想继续吗？”


我所成长的国家被几十年的 战争所摧毁。

I was raised in a country that has been destroyed by decades of war.


我这个年龄的女性中，高中毕业的人数不到6%， 如果不是我家人的坚持， 我也会像绝大多数人一样。

Fewer than six percent of women my age have made it beyond high school, and had my family not been so committed to my education, I would be one of them.


而如今我已经是一名自豪的明德学院的毕业生

Instead, I stand here a proud graduate of Middlebury College.


当我回到阿富汗时，我的祖父， 那位因让女儿接受教育而被逐出家门的老人， 最先向我表示了祝贺。

When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather, the one exiled from his home for daring to educate his daughters, was among the first to congratulate me.


他骄傲的不仅仅是因为我的大学学历， 也是因为在女性中，我是第一个， 在女性中，我是第一个 开车带他在喀布尔的大街兜风的人。

He not only brags about my college degree, but also that I was the first woman, and that I am the first woman to drive him through the streets of Kabul.


我的梦想很大，但他们对我的期待甚至更高。

I dream big, but my family dreams even bigger for me.


这就是我成为 "10x10" 的全球大使的原因， 这是一个致力于女性教育的全球组织。

That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10, a global campaign to educate women.


那也是我参与创立 SOLA 的原因， 这是第一所，可能也是阿富汗唯一一所 寄宿女校， 因为在阿富汗，让女孩接受教育依然十分危险。

That's why I cofounded SOLA, the first and perhaps only boarding school for girls in Afghanistan, a country where it's still risky for girls to go to school.


让我兴奋的是，我看见我学校中的学生 能够把握机遇，志向远大。

The exciting thing is that I see students at my school with ambition grabbing at opportunity.


我看见她们的双亲，尤其是她们的父亲， 就像我父亲那样支持她们， 尽管从他们脸上也看出了畏惧。

And I see their parents and their fathers who, like my own, advocate for them, despite and even in the face of daunting opposition.


比如艾哈迈德，这不是真名， 我也不能让你们看见他的长相， 他是我一个学生的父亲。

Like Ahmed. That's not his real name, and I cannot show you his face, but Ahmed is the father of one of my students.


不到一个月前，他和他女儿 在从学校回村里的路上 他们差一点就被 路边炸弹炸死。

Less than a month ago, he and his daughter were on their way from SOLA to their village, and they literally missed being killed by a roadside bomb by minutes.


他到家时，电话响了， 一个声音警告他 如果他再将女儿送去学校， 刚才的事情就会再次发生。

As he arrived home, the phone rang, a voice warning him that if he sent his daughter back to school, they would try again.


“如果你想，现在就可以杀了我。”他说， “但我不会因你落后的思想 而毁了我女儿的未来。”

"Kill me now, if you wish," he said, "but I will not ruin my daughter's future because of your old and backward ideas."


对于阿富汗，我意识到 ——这是西方国家也不曾意识到的—— 即在我们成功的背后 是一个这样的父亲——他能认识到自己女儿的价值， 也明白女儿的成功，就是他自己的成功。

What I've come to realize about Afghanistan, and this is something that is often dismissed in the West, that behind most of us who succeed is a father who recognizes the value in his daughter and who sees that her success is his success.


这并不是说母亲们对于我们的成功并不重要。

It's not to say that our mothers aren't key in our success.


事实上，为了女儿的美好未来，她们通常是 最初和最有说服力的交涉者， 但是在像阿富汗这样的社会中， 我们必须有男性的支持。

In fact, they're often the initial and convincing negotiators of a bright future for their daughters, but in the context of a society like in Afghanistan, we must have the support of men.


在塔利班控制下，去上学的女孩 曾经只有几百人—— 请不要忘了，当时是非法的。

Under the Taliban, girls who went to school numbered in the hundreds -- remember, it was illegal.


但是今天，阿富汗接受教育的女孩已经超过300万。

But today, more than three million girls are in school in Afghanistan.


阿富汗与美国有很大不同。

Afghanistan looks so different from here in America.


我发现，美国人能看出我们变化中的脆弱性。

I find that Americans see the fragility in changes.


我担心这些变化在美军撤军之后 能够维持多久。

I fear that these changes will not last much beyond the U.S. troops' withdrawal.


但是当我回到阿富汗 看见我的学生 以及支持她们 并鼓励她们的父母时，我看到了未来的希望， 也看到这种变化会延续下去。

But when I am back in Afghanistan, when I see the students in my school and their parents who advocate for them, who encourage them, I see a promising future and lasting change.


对我来说，阿富汗充满了希望和无限的可能性， 每一天 在 SOLA 读书的女孩儿都这么提醒着我。

To me, Afghanistan is a country of hope and boundless possibilities, and every single day the girls of SOLA remind me of that.


像我一样，她们也有很大的梦想。


我永远也不会忘记我那在流亡中去世的祖母 对我说过的话： “孩子，反抗卡扎菲，与他抗争。

I have never, ever forgotten the words of my grandmother who died in her exile: "Son, resist Gaddafi. Fight him.


但你千万不要变成 卡扎菲那样的革命者。”

But don't you ever turn into a Gaddafi-like revolutionary."


利比亚革命爆发至今 已有两年， 这次革命受到了突尼斯和埃及革命中 全民积极参与的鼓舞。

since the Libyan Revolution broke out, inspired by the waves of mass mobilization in both the Tunisian and the Egyptian revolutions.


我同利比亚国内外的同胞们一起 呼吁民众举行“愤怒日”游行 并开始了反抗卡扎菲专制统治的革命。

I joined forces with many other Libyans inside and outside Libya to call for a day of rage and to initiate a revolution against the tyrannical regime of Gaddafi.


这是一场伟大的革命运动。


利比亚的年轻男女站在革命的最前线 要求专制政府下台， 呼喊着自由、尊严、社会公正的口号。

Young Libyan women and men were at the forefront calling for the fall of the regime, raising slogans of freedom, dignity, social justice.


他们在同残暴的卡扎菲专政的抗争中 表现出的勇气堪作典范。

They have shown an exemplary bravery in confronting the brutal dictatorship of Gaddafi.


他们展现出来了高度的团结精神， 从东面到西面再到南面，全国的人民都团结在一起。

They have shown a great sense of solidarity from the far east to the far west to the south.


最终，经过六个月惨烈的战争， 以50,000人死亡为代价， 我们推翻了暴政统治，迎来了国家的自由。

Eventually, after a period of six months of brutal war and a toll rate of almost 50,000 dead, we managed to liberate our country and to topple the tyrant.


但是，卡扎菲给我们留下沉重负担 他留下专政、腐败的陋习，埋下了分裂的种子。

However, Gaddafi left behind a heavy burden, a legacy of tyranny, corruption and seeds of diversions.


卡扎菲长达40年的专政 破坏了利比亚的基础设施，也破坏了利比亚的文化和道德观念。

For four decades Gaddafi's tyrannical regime destroyed the infrastructure as well as the culture and the moral fabric of Libyan society.


我深知卡扎菲独裁所造成的破坏，也深知我们面临的挑战， 我同许多热血女性一起尝试重建利比亚的公民社会， 我们呼吁在利比亚体现宽容与公正的精神 以实现民主和民族间的和解。

Aware of the devastation and the challenges, I was keen among many other women to rebuild the Libyan civil society, calling for an inclusive and just transition to democracy and national reconciliation.


在卡扎菲倒台之时及之后 有将近200个组织在班加西成立 而在黎波里有将近300个组织成立。

Almost 200 organizations were established in Benghazi during and immediately after the fall of Gaddafi -- almost 300 in Tripoli.


在流亡33年后，我回到利比亚 怀着不同寻常的热情， 我着手组织研讨会， 讨论能力建设以及人类发展中领导力培养的问题。

After a period of 33 years in exile, I went back to Libya, and with unique enthusiasm, I started organizing workshops on capacity building, on human development of leadership skills.


我和一群了不起的女性一起， 创办了利比亚女性和平平台。 这是一场各行各业女性的运动、领导者的运动。 我们为女性争取参与社会政治生活的权利， 为我们女性争取 平等参与民主与和平建设的权利。

With an amazing group of women, I co-founded the Libyan Women's Platform for Peace, a movement of women, leaders, from different walks of life, to lobby for the sociopolitical empowerment of women and to lobby for our right for equal participation in building democracy and peace.


在大选前，国内的形势非常糟糕， 国内两级分化日益严重， 这是因为我们的政治是自私的，是充满了控制和排斥的。

I met a very difficult environment in the pre-elections, an environment which was increasingly polarized, an environment which was shaped by the selfish politics of dominance and exclusion.


我在利比亚女性和平平台提出了一项倡议， 呼吁利比亚施行更具包容性的选举法, 让利比亚的每一位公民，无论背景如何， 都有选举和参选的权利， 最重要的是，我呼吁在政党中应当规定 无论在地区间还是在不同级别间， 都由男性和女性轮流担当候选人， 形成交叉式的候选人名单。

I led an initiative by the Libyan Women's Platform for Peace to lobby for a more inclusive electoral law, a law that would give every citizen, no matter what your background, the right to vote and run, and most importantly to stipulate on political parties the alternation of male and female candidates vertically and horizontally in their lists, creating the zipper list.


最终，我们的倡议获得了采纳，也取得了成功。

Eventually, our initiative was adopted and successful.


在利比亚52年来的第一次大选中， 女性在国民议会中赢得了17.5%的席位。

Women won 17.5 percent of the National Congress in the first elections ever in 52 years.


然而，一点一点地， 大选和革命所带来的欢欣喜悦 在我们国家中消失了， 因为每天早上起床，我们都会看到有关暴力行径的新闻。

However, bit by bit, the euphoria of the elections, and of the revolution as a whole, was fading out -- for every day we were waking up to the news of violence.


一天我们看到 亵渎古代清真寺和苏非圣徒墓的新闻。

One day we wake up to the news of the desecration of ancient mosques and Sufi tombs.


另一天我们看到 谋杀美国大使和袭击美国领事馆的新闻。

On another day we wake up to the news of the murder of the American ambassador and the attack on the consulate.


又一天我们看到 暗杀军官的新闻。

On another day we wake up to the news of the assassination of army officers.


还有就是，每天我们都处于国民军的统治之下， 都要忍受他们不断侵犯囚犯的人权， 忍受他们对法治的蔑视。

And every day, every day we wake up with the rule of the militias and their continuous violations of human rights of prisoners and their disrespect of the rule of law.


我们的社会深受武装革命的心态影响， 越来越分化， 也背弃了我们起初秉持的理想和原则， 也就是—— 自由、尊严和社会公正。 偏狭、排斥和报复 成了革命后我们社会的标志。

Our society, shaped by a revolutionary mindset, became more polarized and has driven away from the ideals and the principles -- freedom, dignity, social justice -- Intolerance, exclusion and revenge became the icons of the [aftermath] of the revolution.


我今天站在这里， 不想用交叉式候选人名单和大选的成功来鼓舞大家。

I am here today not at all to inspire you with our success story of the zipper list and the elections.


我在这里是要坦白， 我们在推翻卡扎菲政府时所作出的决定是错误的，

I'm rather here today to confess that we as a nation took the wrong choice, made the wrong decision.


我们没有认清事情的关键。


因为选举并没有为利比亚带来和平与稳定。

For elections did not bring peace and stability and security in Libya.


我们倡导的交叉式候选人名单 为利比亚带来和平，带来民族间的和解了吗？

Did the zipper list and the alternation between female and male candidates bring peace and national reconciliation?


那么，关键的问题到底是什么呢？


为什么我们的社会还是分化严重？ 为什么我们的政治在男女都参与的情况下，还是充满了控制和排斥呢？

Why does our society continue to be polarized and dominated with selfish politics of dominance and exclusion, by both men and women?


也许，我们缺的不只是女性， 而是女性的价值观——同情、怜悯和包容。

Maybe what was missing was not the women only, but the feminine values of compassion, mercy and inclusion.


我们的社会需要全国性的对话，建立起全国性的共识， 这对我们的社会来说比选举更为重要， 因为选举只是加重了分化与分裂。

Our society needs national dialogue and consensus-building more than it needed the elections, which only reinforced polarization and division.


我们的社会需要的是女性特质的代表， 这对我们的社会来说比女性在数量上的代表更为重要。

Our society needs the qualitative representation of the feminine more than it needs the numerical, quantitative representation of the feminine.


我们需要停止愤怒的行径，停止号召“愤怒日”游行。

We need to stop acting as agents of rage and calling for days of rage.


我们需要开始表现出同情心和怜悯心。

We need to start acting as agents of compassion and mercy.


我们需要女性化的话语， 要尊崇并且贯彻同情、合作和包容， 要抛开报复，抛开竞争， 抛开偏狭。

We need to develop a feminine discourse that not only honors but also implements mercy instead of revenge, collaboration instead of competition, inclusion instead of exclusion.


这才是饱受战乱的利比亚要走向和平 所迫切需要的努力目标。

These are the ideals that a war-torn Libya needs desperately in order to achieve peace.


因为和平有独到的炼造方式， 需要女性和男性观念的密切联系

For peace has an alchemy, between the feminine and masculine perspectives.


和不断交替。 这才是真正的交叉。


而且我们需要在社会政治生活运作前 先建立起这种男女交叉的存在。

And we need to establish that existentially before we do so sociopolitically.


《可兰经》的一段经文里说， “Salam”——也就是和平——“来自我们最仁慈的主Raheem。”

According to a Quranic verse "Salam" -- peace -- "is the word of the all-merciful God, raheem."


而在所有亚伯拉罕诸教的传统中都闻名的词“raheem” 在阿拉伯语中与“rahem”同根， “rahem”则象征着充满母性的女性包容着所有人类， 男人和女人 以及所有部落、所有民族的人都是从她发源而来的。

In turn, the word "raheem," which is known in all Abrahamic traditions, has the same root in Arabic as the word "rahem" -- womb -- symbolizing the maternal feminine encompassing all humanity from which the male and the female, from which all tribes, all peoples, have emanated from.


就像子宫完全包裹着在其内生长的胚胎一样， 满怀同情之心的神圣母体滋养着世间万物。

And so just as the womb entirely envelopes the embryo, which grows within it, the divine matrix of compassion nourishes the entire existence.


因此，我们所受的教导告诉我们：“我的怜悯之心包容万物。”

Thus we are told that "My mercy encompasses all things."


因此，我们所受的教导告诉我们：“我的怜悯之心战胜我的愤怒。”

Thus we are told that "My mercy takes precedence over my anger."


愿我们都被赐予怜悯之心。


今天，我想聊一个令人不安的问题， 这个问题的答案同样令人烦扰。

I'm here today to talk about a disturbing question, which has an equally disturbing answer.


我要说的是家庭暴力的秘密， 而我将要回答的问题 这个问题每个人都曾经问起： “为什么她会留下来？”

My topic is the secrets of domestic violence, and the question I'm going to tackle is the one question everyone always asks: Why does she stay?


“怎么会有人愿意和一个打她的男人继续住在一起？”

Why would anyone stay with a man who beats her?


我并不是精神病医生、社会工作者、 也不是家庭暴力方面的专家。

I'm not a psychiatrist, a social worker or an expert in domestic violence.


我只是一个有着亲身经历要讲述的女人。

I'm just one woman with a story to tell.


当时我22岁，刚从哈佛学院毕业。

I was 22. I had just graduated from Harvard College.


我搬到了纽约，开始了自己第一份工作 在“Seventeen”杂志社当编辑和撰稿人。

I had moved to New York City for my first job as a writer and editor at Seventeen magazine.


我第一次有了自己的房子， 有了第一张信用卡。 我还有一个非常大的秘密。

I had my first apartment, my first little green American Express card, and I had a very big secret.


这个秘密就是我曾经 被我认为是我灵魂伴侣的男人 用这把装满空心弹头的枪指着我的头 太多、太多次。

My secret was that I had this gun loaded with hollow-point bullets pointed at my head by the man who I thought was my soulmate, many, many times.


这个我曾经最爱的人， 用枪指着我的头，并威胁要杀掉我， 我已经记不得对我做了多少次。

The man who I loved more than anybody on Earth held a gun to my head and threatened to kill me more times than I can even remember.


现在我所讲述的这个“疯狂爱情”的故事， 是一个伪装成爱情的心理陷阱， 每年都会有上百万的女性，甚至也包括一些男性 会掉进这个陷阱。

I'm here to tell you the story of crazy love, a psychological trap disguised as love, one that millions of women and even a few men fall into every year.


或许，它正发生在你的身上。


我看起来不像是典型的家庭暴力受害者。

I don't look like a typical domestic violence survivor.


我拥有哈佛学院的英语学士学位， 还拿到了沃顿商学院的市场营销方面的MBA学位。

I have a B.A. in English from Harvard College, an MBA in marketing from Wharton Business School.


我决大多数时间都在为"财富"500强公司工作， 包括强生，李奥贝纳和华盛顿邮报。

I've spent most of my career working for Fortune 500 companies including Johnson & Johnson, Leo Burnett and The Washington Post.


我嫁给我的第二任丈夫差不多20年了 并育有3个孩子。

I've been married for almost 20 years to my second husband and we have three kids together.


我养了一只黑色拉布拉多猎犬，开本田奥赛德面包车。

My dog is a black lab, and I drive a Honda Odyssey minivan.


这就是我要告诉你的第一个事实：家庭暴力 可能发生在每个人身上 无关你的种族、信仰、收入和教育水平。

So my first message for you is that domestic violence happens to everyone -- all races, all religions, all income and education levels.


我要说的第二个事实，是很多人认为 既然家庭暴力发生在女性身上， 那应该是女性自身的问题。

And my second message is that everyone thinks domestic violence happens to women, that it's a women's issue.


超过85%的施虐者是男性，并且家庭暴力 只发生在亲密的、相互依存的、长期的关系中， 换句话说，发生在家庭中， 这是我们最不愿意，或最不期望看到暴力的地方。 这也是为什么家庭暴力如此叫人困扰的原因之一。

Over 85 percent of abusers are men, and domestic abuse happens only in intimate, interdependent, long-term relationships, in other words, in families, the last place we would want or expect to find violence, which is one reason domestic abuse is so confusing.


我原本以为世界上只有我一个人 会继续留在一个打我的男人身边， 但是事实上在我这个年龄段这种事情非常普遍。

I would have told you myself that I was the last person on Earth who would stay with a man who beats me, but in fact I was a very typical victim because of my age.


我当时22岁。而在美国， 16至24岁的女性相比其他年龄段的女性 受到家庭暴力伤害的可能性 要高出两倍以上。 同样在美国，每年有超过500位 妇女或女孩被施虐者杀害， 凶手是她们的男友，或者丈夫。

I was 22, and in the United States, women ages 16 to 24 are three times as likely to be domestic violence victims as women of other ages, and over 500 women and girls this age are killed every year by abusive partners, boyfriends, and husbands in the United States.


我是一个非常典型的受害者， 还因为我家庭暴力的预兆和发展模式一无所知。

I was also a very typical victim because I knew nothing about domestic violence, its warning signs or its patterns.


我在一个雨夜遇见了康纳，那时是一月份，天很冷。

I met Conor on a cold, rainy January night.


我们在纽约的地铁上碰巧坐在一起， 他先跟我聊了起来。

He sat next to me on the New York City subway, and he started chatting me up.


第一件是他也毕业于常春藤联盟学校， 并且在一个非常好的华尔街银行工作。

One was that he, too, had just graduated from an Ivy League school, and that he worked at a very impressive Wall Street bank.


但是第一次见面给我留下最深印象的是 他的智慧和幽默， 而他的外貌看起来像农场男孩。

But what made the biggest impression on me that first meeting was that he was smart and funny and he looked like a farm boy.


他的脸颊像大苹果一样红扑扑的 小麦色的金发， 看起来十分讨人喜欢。

He had these big cheeks, these big apple cheeks and this wheat-blond hair, and he seemed so sweet.


在初次交往中康纳做的最聪明的事情， 是让我相信，在这段感情中我是强势的一方。

One of the smartest things Conor did, from the very beginning, was to create the illusion that I was the dominant partner in the relationship.


尤其刚开始的时候，他让我觉得 我是他崇拜的偶像。

He did this especially at the beginning by idolizing me.


我们开始交往，他喜欢关于我的一切， 例如我的聪明，我在哈佛的求学经历， 我给予青少年女性的热情帮助，以及我的工作。

We started dating, and he loved everything about me, that I was smart, that I'd gone to Harvard, that I was passionate about helping teenage girls, and my job.


他很愿意了解我的家庭、 我的童年、我的愿望和梦想。

He wanted to know everything about my family and my childhood and my hopes and dreams.


康纳对我信任的程度，我身为一个女人和撰稿人， 之前从未没有在别人那里得到过。

Conor believed in me, as a writer and a woman, in a way that no one else ever had.


通过透露他不为人知的秘密，他在我们之间营造了 奇特的相互信任的氛围。 他告诉我，他从四岁开始 他的继父就开始持续野蛮的 在身体上虐待他。 虐待的结果是如此之坏，使得他不得不在八年级的时候辍学， 尽管当时他十分的聪明。 他花了几乎20年的时间重建他的生活。

And he also created a magical atmosphere of trust between us by confessing his secret, which was that, as a very young boy starting at age four, he had been savagely and repeatedly physically abused by his stepfather, and the abuse had gotten so bad that he had had to drop out of school in eighth grade, even though he was very smart, and he'd spent almost 20 years rebuilding his life.


这也就是为什么常春藤大学的学位， 华尔街的工作和光明的未来， 对他意义重大。

Which is why that Ivy League degree and the Wall Street job and his bright shiny future meant so much to him.


如果那时有人对我说 这个聪明、幽默、体贴并喜欢我的男人 会有一天命令我是否化妆， 我的裙子能多短， 我生活在哪，要做什么工作， 能和谁交朋友和在哪度过圣诞， 我会嘲笑你， 因为我在康纳身上看不出一点暴力或者控制欲 或者愤怒的预兆。

If you had told me that this smart, funny, sensitive man who adored me would one day dictate whether or not I wore makeup, how short my skirts were, where I lived, what jobs I took, who my friends were and where I spent Christmas, I would have laughed at you, because there was not a hint of violence or control or anger in Conor at the beginning.


当时我并不知道， 引诱和迷惑受害者是家庭暴力关系

I didn't know that the first stage in any domestic violence relationship is to seduce and charm the victim.


开始的第一步 我当时也不知道，第二步是孤立受害者。

I also didn't know that the second step is to isolate the victim.


康纳并不是回到家，向我宣布 “嘿，虽然罗曼蒂克之类的很棒， 但是我们要进入下一阶段了 我要孤立你然后虐待你。” “所以我要你离开你自己的公寓， 防止你的邻居他听见你的惨叫， 我还要让你离开这个有你的朋友、家人和同事的城市 不然他们会看到你的伤痕。”

Now, Conor did not come home one day and announce, "You know, hey, all this Romeo and Juliet stuff has been great, but I need to move into the next phase where I isolate you and I abuse you" — — "so I need to get you out of this apartment where the neighbors can hear you scream and out of this city where you have friends and family and coworkers who can see the bruises."


事实是，康纳在一个周五的晚上回到家， 告诉我他辞掉了他的工作， 他梦寐以求的工作， 他说他是因为我才辞职， 我让他拥有了无比的幸福和安全感， 他再不需要到华尔街证明自己。 现在他只想离开这座城市， 原理那个充满虐待的、不正常的家庭，

Instead, Conor came home one Friday evening and he told me that he had quit his job that day, his dream job, and he said that he had quit his job because of me, because I had made him feel so safe and loved that he didn't need to prove himself on Wall Street anymore, and he just wanted to get out of the city and away from his abusive, dysfunctional family,


搬到新英格兰的某个小镇 和我一起在那里开始新的生活。

and move to a tiny town in New England where he could start his life over with me by his side.


当时，我最不想做的就是离开纽约， 离开我热爱的工作， 但是为了自己灵魂伴侣，我想我需要做出牺牲。 所以我同意了，辞掉了工作， 跟康纳一起离开了曼哈顿。

Now, the last thing I wanted to do was leave New York, and my dream job, but I thought you made sacrifices for your soulmate, so I agreed, and I quit my job, and Conor and I left Manhattan together.


我以为自己陷入了疯狂的爱情，还不知道 我已经懵懂的走进了一张精心编织的 控制你身体、心灵和经济的陷阱。

I had no idea I was falling into crazy love, that I was walking headfirst into a carefully laid physical, financial and psychological trap.


家庭暴力模式的第三阶段 就是开始用暴力威胁 并观察她的反应。

The next step in the domestic violence pattern is to introduce the threat of violence and see how she reacts.


我们刚搬到新英格兰小镇 ——我想，康纳应该是觉得这里很安全—— 他就买了三支枪。

As soon as we moved to New England -- you know, that place where Connor was supposed to feel so safe -- he bought three guns.


一支放在车子的置物箱里，

He kept one in the glove compartment of our car.


一支放在床的枕头下面， 第三支则一直放在口袋里。

He kept one under the pillows on our bed, and the third one he kept in his pocket at all times.


他说小时候的精神创伤 使得他需要拥有这些枪

And he said that he needed those guns because of the trauma he'd experienced as a young boy.


那些枪对我来说是一个明显的信号， 尽管他并没有拿起枪指着我， 我已经无时不刻不处在危险的边缘。

But those guns were really a message for me, and even though he hadn't raised a hand to me, my life was already in grave danger every minute of every day.


康纳第一次打我 是在我们婚礼的五天前。

Conor first physically attacked me five days before our wedding.


那是早上七点，我还穿着睡袍。

It was 7 a.m. I still had on my nightgown.


我正在用电脑工作，想要完成自由职业撰稿的任务， 当时我有些烦躁， 康纳以我的愤怒为借口， 用双手掐住我的脖子， 死死的掐着，让我无法呼吸，喊不出声。 他从背后勒着我的脖子 一次一次的把我的头往墙上撞。

I was working on my computer trying to finish a freelance writing assignment, and I got frustrated, and Conor used my anger as an excuse to put both of his hands around my neck and to squeeze so tightly that I could not breathe or scream, and he used the chokehold to hit my head repeatedly against the wall.


五天之后，脖子上的十个手指印刚消退， 我就穿上我妈妈的婚纱， 嫁给了他。

Five days later, the ten bruises on my neck had just faded, and I put on my mother's wedding dress, and I married him.


尽管发生了那些事情， 我还是相信我们以后能幸福的生活， 因为我们如此的相爱，也因为

Despite what had happened, I was sure we were going to live happily ever after, because I loved him, and he loved me so much.


他只是压力太大了，婚礼的筹备和 我家庭成员的到来让他喘不过气。

He had just been really stressed out by the wedding and by becoming a family with me.


这是一个意外， 而他以后不会再伤害我。

It was an isolated incident, and he was never going to hurt me again.


蜜月期间我又被打了两次。

It happened twice more on the honeymoon.


第一次，我驾车去寻找秘密的海滩 我迷路了， 他（坐在副驾驶座上）不停的打我的头，打得如此的使劲 以至于我的头不断的撞到 驾驶座车门的玻璃。

The first time, I was driving to find a secret beach and I got lost, and he punched me in the side of my head so hard that the other side of my head repeatedly hit the driver's side window.


没过几天，过完蜜月开车回家的路上 堵车让他很烦躁， 他把一个冰冷的巨无霸砸在我的脸上。

And then a few days later, driving home from our honeymoon, he got frustrated by traffic, and he threw a cold Big Mac in my face.


在我跟康纳两年半的婚姻生活中， 我每周都会被打一到两次。

Conor proceeded to beat me once or twice a week for the next two and a half years of our marriage.


我曾经误以为只有我一个人 有这样的遭遇。

I was mistaken in thinking that I was unique and alone in this situation.


事实上，每三个美国女性中 就有一个曾是家庭暴力受害者或潜在的目标， 而CDC的报告称每年有1500万的儿童 遭受虐待，1500万。

One in three American women experiences domestic violence or stalking at some point in her life, and the CDC reports that 15 million children are abused every year, 15 million.


所以事实上，我不是个例。

So actually, I was in very good company.


回到我的问题： 为什么我要留下来了？


我并不知道他是在虐待我。


尽管他用上膛的枪指着我的头， 把我推下楼梯， 威胁杀掉我们的狗， 在高速公路上拔掉车钥匙， 在我为了面试而准备着装时 把咖啡粉从我头上倒下来， 我从来没有想过自己是一个受到虐待的妻子。

Even though he held those loaded guns to my head, pushed me down stairs, threatened to kill our dog, pulled the key out of the car ignition as I drove down the highway, poured coffee grinds on my head as I dressed for a job interview, I never once thought of myself as a battered wife.


正好相反，我是一个很强硬的女性 深爱着这个饱受困扰的男人， 而且我是这世上唯一一个 可以帮助康纳面对自己心魔的人。

Instead, I was a very strong woman in love with a deeply troubled man, and I was the only person on Earth who could help Conor face his demons.


大家都想问的另一个问题是， 为什么她不离开？

The other question everybody asks is, why doesn't she just leave?


我为什么没有逃跑？我有很多的机会。

Why didn't I walk out? I could have left any time.


对我来说，这是人们问过的最让我伤心和痛苦的问题， 你不能理解，但是只有我们受害者自己清楚 离开施虐者是多么的危险。

To me, this is the saddest and most painful question that people ask, because we victims know something you usually don't: It's incredibly dangerous to leave an abuser.


因为在家庭暴力中的最后一步 就是杀掉她。

Because the final step in the domestic violence pattern is kill her.


超过70%的家庭暴力谋杀 发生在受害者结束这段关系后， 在她离开之后， 因为施虐者已经毫无顾忌。

Over 70 percent of domestic violence murders happen after the victim has ended the relationship, after she's gotten out, because then the abuser has nothing left to lose.


其他可能的结果包括长期的跟踪， 甚至施虐者再婚之后（仍会跟踪）； 拒绝经济支持； 欺骗家庭法庭 来恐吓受害者和她的孩子。 孩子们通常会被家庭问题法官要求 和那个打他们母亲的男人 一起度过一段无人监管的时间。

Other outcomes include long-term stalking, even after the abuser remarries; denial of financial resources; and manipulation of the family court system to terrify the victim and her children, who are regularly forced by family court judges to spend unsupervised time with the man who beat their mother.


现在我们仍然会问，她为什么不逃走？

And still we ask, why doesn't she just leave?


我之所以决定离开， 是因为最后一次残暴的殴打 突破了我能承受的极限。

I was able to leave, because of one final, sadistic beating that broke through my denial.


我意识到如果我不反抗，这个我曾 深爱的男人会杀掉我。

I realized that the man who I loved so much was going to kill me if I let him.


我向所有人求助： 警察，邻居， 我的朋友和家人，完全陌生的人， 今天我能站在这里，因为你们每个人都帮助了我。

I told everyone: the police, my neighbors, my friends and family, total strangers, and I'm here today because you all helped me.


我们倾向于将受害者描述成 就像新闻中可怕的标题所言。

We tend to stereotype victims as grisly headlines, self-destructive women, damaged goods.


“为什么她要留下？” 问这个问题


的一些人实际上在说，“这是她自己的错“， 就好像受害者是有意的和意图 摧残她们的男人相爱。

is code for some people for, "It's her fault for staying," as if victims intentionally choose to fall in love with men intent upon destroying us.


但”Crazy Love”这本书出版之后， 很多男人和女人跟我诉说了他们的故事 他们也想告诉别人， 他们从发生的事情中学到了无价的一课， 他们重新开始了生活——开心快乐的生活—— 作为员工、妻子和母亲， 就像我现在一样生活，远离暴力。

But since publishing "Crazy Love," I have heard hundreds of stories from men and women who also got out, who learned an invaluable life lesson from what happened, and who rebuilt lives -- joyous, happy lives -- as employees, wives and mothers, lives completely free of violence, like me.


实际上，我是典型的家庭暴力受害者， 也是典型的家庭暴力幸存者。

Because it turns out that I'm actually a very typical domestic violence victim and a typical domestic violence survivor.


我和一个温柔善良男人再次结婚， 有了三个孩子。

I remarried a kind and gentle man, and we have those three kids.


我养了一只黑色拉布拉多猎犬，开本田奥赛德面包车。

I have that black lab, and I have that minivan.


而我永远不会再拥有的， 永远 是一个嘴里说爱我的人用 上膛了的枪指着我的脑袋。

What I will never have again, ever, is a loaded gun held to my head by someone who says that he loves me.


此时此刻，你可能在想， 哇，这才神奇了， 或者，“喔，她真蠢，” 但是在整个过程中，事实上，我在谈论的是你。

Right now, maybe you're thinking, "Wow, this is fascinating," or, "Wow, how stupid was she," but this whole time, I've actually been talking about you.


我敢保证，现在正在听我说话的人中 有一些人 正遭受着虐待 或者曾经在小时候被虐待过 或者你就是一个施虐者。

I promise you there are several people listening to me right now who are currently being abused or who were abused as children or who are abusers themselves.


虐待可能正发生在你的女儿身上， 发生在你的姐妹、你最好的朋友身上。

Abuse could be affecting your daughter, your sister, your best friend right now.


我能够结束自己“疯狂的爱”的故事 靠的是打破沉默。

I was able to end my own crazy love story by breaking the silence.


今天我仍然在打破着沉默。


这是我帮助其他的受害者的方式， 同时也是我对你们最后的请求。

It's my way of helping other victims, and it's my final request of you.


你有能力制止家庭暴力 只需要点亮星星之火。

You have the power to end domestic violence simply by shining a spotlight on it.


我们受害者需要每一个人的帮助。


我们需要你们每一个人理解 家庭暴力的秘密。

We need every one of you to understand the secrets of domestic violence.


和你的孩子，你的同事， 你的朋友和家人讨论这个话题， 将虐待曝之于光，

with your children, your coworkers, your friends and family.


帮助幸存者重新找回美好、可爱的自己， 重新拥有未来。

Recast survivors as wonderful, lovable people with full futures.


发现家庭暴力的预兆 并认真的干预， 减少发生的可能性，给受害者提供安全的出路。

Recognize the early signs of violence and conscientiously intervene, deescalate it, show victims a safe way out.


让我们携起手来， 让我们的床，我们餐桌和家庭 成为它们应该成为的安全、和平的绿洲。

Together we can make our beds, our dinner tables and our families the safe and peaceful oases they should be.


嗨，我是Cameron Russell, 过去的一段时间里 我是个模特

Hi. My name is Cameron Russell, and for the last little while, I've been a model.


现在，我在这个房间内感到一种 令人不适的紧张感 因为我不该穿这条裙子 幸亏我带了另外一套

And I feel like there's an uncomfortable tension in the room right now because I should not have worn this dress. So luckily, I brought an outfit change.


这是TED讲台上第一次现场换装 所以我觉得今天在场的人都很幸运啊，

This is the first outfit change on the TED stage, so you guys are pretty lucky to witness it, I think.


如果有些女士对的我出现感到惊恐 不必现在告诉我。但我马上就会在twitter上知道的

If some of the women were really horrified when I came out, you don't have to tell me now, but I'll find out later on Twitter.


我也想告诉各位我有幸 能够在10秒内 改变我在你们心中的形象

I'd also note that I'm quite privileged to be able to transform what you think of me in a very brief 10 seconds.


这不是所有人都能做得到的


这双高跟鞋很不舒服 而好消息是我不打算穿他们

These heels are very uncomfortable, so good thing I wasn't going to wear them.


最坏的消息是我要把这件毛衣从头上套进去 因为这时候你们会笑我 所以当我穿衣服的时候,什么都不要做

The worst part is putting this sweater over my head, because that's when you'll all laugh at me, so don't do anything while it's over my head.


那么，我为什么做这个呢？


呃 希望不会像图片上这样怪

Well -- Hopefully not as awkward as that picture.


图象是强大的 但同时又是表面化的

Image is powerful, but also, image is superficial.


我只是在6秒内就彻底改变了自己在你们心中的形象

I just totally transformed what you thought of me, in six seconds.


在这张照片里 我事实上在现实生活中根本没有男朋友

And in this picture, I had actually never had a boyfriend in real life.


当摄影师 要我弓起背，摸那个男士的头发时 我非常不自在

I was totally uncomfortable, and the photographer was telling me to arch my back and put my hand in that guy's hair.


确定的是，除了手术 或像两天前我为了工作做的棕褐色 我们基本上是没法改变外表的 我们的外表，虽然是表面化的，固定的 还是极大地影响着我们的生活

And of course, barring surgery, or the fake tan that I got two days ago for work, there's very little that we can do to transform how we look, and how we look, though it is superficial and immutable, has a huge impact on our lives.


所以今天，对我来说，变的无惧就意味着要诚实

So today, for me, being fearless means being honest.


今天我站在这里是因为我是个模特

And I am on this stage because I am a model.


我在这个舞台上是因为我是个漂亮的白种女性 在我们业内我们称此为“性感女孩”

I am on this stage because I am a pretty, white woman, and in my industry, we call that a sexy girl.


我要回答下人们常常问我的那些问题 以一种诚实的方式

I'm going to answer the questions that people always ask me, but with an honest twist.


第一个问题是，你是怎么成为模特的？

So the first question is, how do you become a model?


我总是说：“我是被发现的”，但这其实什么也说明不了

I always just say, "Oh, I was scouted," but that means nothing.


我成为模特的真正的原因是 我拥有极佳的基因，我是遗产的接受者 你可能在疑问什么是遗产.

The real way that I became a model is I won a genetic lottery, and I am the recipient of a legacy, and maybe you're wondering what is a legacy.


呃，在过去的几个世纪里 我们定义里的美不仅仅只包括健康，年轻 和身材匀称这些我们出于生物本能去赞美的元素 还包括高挑，苗条的体型， 富有女性气质，白色皮肤这些特征。

Well, for the past few centuries we have defined beauty not just as health and youth and symmetry that we're biologically programmed to admire, but also as tall, slender figures, and femininity and white skin.


这就是我的遗产， 这就是我一直在兑现的遗产，

And this is a legacy that was built for me, and it's a legacy that I've been cashing out on.


我知道你们中有些人 可能对这个观点存疑 你们可能会举出一些时尚圈人物，例如 Naomi, Tyra, Joan Smalls和Liu Wen

And I know there are people in the audience who are skeptical at this point, and maybe there are some fashionistas who are like, "Wait. Naomi. Tyra. Joan Smalls. Liu Wen."


首先，我要表扬下你们对于模特界的了解令人印象深刻

And first, I commend you on your model knowledge. Very impressive.


但不幸的是，我得告诉你们，在2007年时 一名纽约大学的博士在启发之下 统计了所有在职模特的人数 在677名正式受雇模特中 只有27名，也就是不到百分之四，是非白种人

But unfortunately, I have to inform you that in 2007, a very inspired NYU Ph.D. student counted all the models on the runway, every single one that was hired, and of the 677 models that were hired, only 27, or less than four percent, were non-white.


下一个人们常问我的问题是 “我长大了能当模特吗？”

The next question people always ask is, "Can I be a model when I grow up?"


我的第一个答案是：“我也不知道，因为他们没让我来掌管这件事”

And the first answer is, "I don't know, they don't put me in charge of that."


但第二个答案，也是我想对问问题的那些小姑娘说的是“为什么？” 你知道吗？你可以选择任何的职业。

But the second answer, and what I really want to say to these little girls is, "Why? You know? You can be anything.


你可以成为美国总统 或是下一代互联网的发明者 或是个忍者般的心胸外科诗人, --这个不错，因为你会是第一个

You could be the President of the United States, or the inventor of the next Internet, or a ninja cardiothoracic surgeon poet, which would be awesome, because you'd be the first one."


如果，听完这些她们还是说 “不，不，Cameron，我想当模特” 我会说：“当我的老板吧”

If, after this amazing list, they still are like, "No, no, Cameron, I want to be a model," well, then I say, "Be my boss."


因为我不能决定任何事 你可以成为美国Vogue杂志的主编 或是H&M的首席执行官，或下一个Steven Meisel

Because I'm not in charge of anything, and you could be the editor in chief of American Vogue or the CEO of H&M, or the next Steven Meisel.


说你长大后想当模特 就像你说你长大后想赢彩票一样

Saying that you want to be a model when you grow up is akin to saying that you want to win the Powerball when you grow up.


（能不能成为模特）不在你的掌控范围之内。当模特很棒 但它不是一个可规划的行业

It's out of your control, and it's awesome, and it's not a career path.


我将为大家展示我模特从业十年的一些经验 因为不像一个忍者般的心胸科诗人 它只能立足当下

I will demonstrate for you now 10 years of accumulated model knowledge, because unlike cardiothoracic surgeons, it can just be distilled right now.


所以如果摄影师就在这里 灯光就在这里--比如漂亮的水银灯 客户说：“Cameron,我想要一张走路时的快门照” 这条修长的美腿先迈步，这条手臂放在后面，这条手臂放前面 露出四分之三侧脸，来来回回， 就这样，然后回头看你臆想中的朋友 300，400，500次 这看上去就像这样

So, if the photographer is right there, the light is right there, like a nice HMI, and the client says, "We want a walking shot," this leg goes first, nice and long, this arm goes back, this arm goes forward, the head is at three quarters, and you just go back and forth, just do that, and then you look back at your imaginary friends, 300, 400, 500 times. It will look something like this.


Hopefully less awkward than that one in the middle.


我不知道那张是怎么回事儿

That was -- I don't know what happened there.


现实是，当你毕业后 有了简历，做过了几份工作 你就不能再说其它的了 所以如果你说你想成为美国总统 但你的简历上写着：有十年工作经验的内衣模特 人们会笑着看你

Unfortunately, after you've gone to school, and you have a résumé and you've done a few jobs, you can't say anything anymore, so if you say you want to be the President of the United States, but your résumé reads, "Underwear Model: 10 years," people give you a funny look.


下一个人们常问的问题是：“他们会修照片吗？”

The next question is, "Do they retouch all the photos?"


是的，他们会修几乎所有照片 但这只是工作的一小部分

And yeah, they pretty much retouch all the photos, but that is only a small component of what's happening.


这是我第一张模特照片 也是我第一次穿比基尼 我基至还没有过月经

This picture is the very first picture that I ever took, and it's also the very first time that I had worn a bikini, and I didn't even have my period yet.


我知道这有点私人，但 那时我还很年轻

I know we're getting personal, but I was a young girl.


这是那张照片几个月前我跟祖母一起拍的照片

This is what I looked like with my grandma just a few months earlier.


Here's me on the same day as this shoot.


这是我拍法国Vogue杂志前几天前在睡衣party上拍的照片

Here's me at a slumber party a few days before I shot French Vogue.


这是我在足球队和V杂志的照片

Here's me on the soccer team and in V Magazine.


我希望你们明白的是 这些不是我自己的照片

And I hope what you're seeing is that these pictures are not pictures of me.


而是 由一群专业人士制出的图象, 发型师，化装师，摄影师，造型师 以及他们的助理，还有前期制作，后期制作 他们制造出了这些图象，而不是我

They are constructions, and they are constructions by a group of professionals, by hairstylists and makeup artists and photographers and stylists and all of their assistants and pre-production and post-production, and they build this. That's not me.


下一个问题是 “你能得到免费的东西吗？”

Okay, so the next question people always ask me is, "Do you get free stuff?"


我确实有太多 从没机会穿的8英寸高跟鞋， 但是免费的东西 却是我在现实生活中得到的。而这恰恰是我们不愿意谈的

I do have too many 8-inch heels which I never get to wear, except for earlier, but the free stuff that I get is the free stuff that I get in real life, and that's what we don't like to talk about.


我在剑桥市长大 有一次我走进一家商店却忘了带钱 他们送了我一条裙子

I grew up in Cambridge, and one time I went into a store and I forgot my money and they gave me the dress for free.


十几岁时，我跟朋友一起开车 她是个糟糕的司机，闯了红灯 我们被停车 我只说了句：“长官抱歉” 我们就继续上路了

When I was a teenager, I was driving with my friend who was an awful driver and she ran a red and of course, we got pulled over, and all it took was a "Sorry, officer," and we were on our way.


我得到这些是因为我的外表 而不是我是身份。有些人为了他们的外表 而不是身份付出了代价。

And I got these free things because of how I look, not who I am, and there are people paying a cost for how they look and not who they are.


我住在纽约，去年 有14万青年被停车搜身 他们中百分之86是黑人和拉美人 大多数是年轻的男孩子

I live in New York, and last year, of the 140,000 teenagers that were stopped and frisked, 86% of them were black and Latino, and most of them were young men.


而在纽约年轻黑人和拉美男性总数只有17万7千 所以，对他们来说，问题不是：“我会被停车吗”

And there are only 177,000 young black and Latino men in New York, so for them, it's not a question of, "Will I get stopped?"


而是“我要被停几次？我什么时候会被停？“

but "How many times will I get stopped? When will I get stopped?"


我在为这次演讲做调查时 发现在美国13岁女孩儿群体中 百分之53不喜欢她们的身体 到了17岁，这一比例上升至百分之78。

When I was researching this talk, I found out that of the 13-year-old girls in the United States, 53% don't like their bodies, and that number goes to 78% by the time that they're 17.


那么最后一个问题是 ”当模特是什么感觉？“

So, the last question people ask me is, "What is it like to be a model?"


我猜他们期待的答案是 ”如果你再瘦一点儿，你的头发再有光泽一些 你就会很开心，很难以置信“

And I think the answer that they're looking for is, "If you are a little bit skinnier and you have shinier hair, you will be so happy and fabulous."


当在后台时,我们会给出一个 像这样的答案。

And when we're backstage, we give an answer that maybe makes it seem like that.


我们说”能到处旅行 和有创造力的，热情的，灵感不断的人一起工作真的很棒”

We say, "It's really amazing to travel, and it's amazing to get to work with creative, inspired, passionate people."


这不假，但这只是事实的一半 因为我们永远不会在镜头前说的是, 我永远不会说的是, “我没有安全感“

And those things are true, but they're only one half of the story, because the thing that we never say on camera, that I have never said on camera, is, "I am insecure."


因为我必须每天都要担心 我看上去怎么样

And I'm insecure because I have to think about what I look like every day.


如果你曾经也想过 如果我的大腿更瘦，头发更好，我会更开心吗？

And if you ever are wondering, "If I have thinner thighs and shinier hair, will I be happier?"


你只要去看看模特就知道了 因为她们有最瘦的大腿，最漂亮的头发，最酷的衣服 而她们却可能是世界上最没有身理安全感的女人

you just need to meet a group of models, because they have the thinnest thighs, the shiniest hair and the coolest clothes, and they're the most physically insecure women probably on the planet.


所以当我为这次演讲做准备时时，发现 很难为诚实找到一个平衡点。因为一方面 如果我站在这儿，说 ”看，我凭着天生的优势得到了这么多东西，”心里会不舒服 可是如果这句话接着 “可是这些都不能让我开心”也很不自在

When I was writing this talk, I found it very difficult to strike an honest balance, because on the one hand, I felt very uncomfortable to come out here and say, "Look I've received all these benefits from a deck stacked in my favor," and it also felt really uncomfortable to follow that up with, "and it doesn't always make me happy."


但最难的是去展现 性别和种族歧视的职业传统 因为我自己本身是最大的受益者

But mostly it was difficult to unpack a legacy of gender and racial oppression when I am one of the biggest beneficiaries.


但同时我又很开心并受尊重的站在这里 趁着我还年轻，而不是已经工作了10，20或30年 和模特行业间有越来越多的阻隔（不能获得最直接的感觉） 因为可能到那时我就不会讲我怎样得到第一份工作 怎样付大学学费 这些现在看来是如此重要的东西

But I'm also happy and honored to be up here before 10 or 20 or 30 years had passed and I'd had more agency in my career, because maybe then I wouldn't tell the story of how I got my first job, or maybe I wouldn't tell the story of how I paid for college, which seems so important right now.


如果这次演讲能使你有所受益，我希望 是我们都能欣然接受 图象的力量带来的我们所理解的成功 和我们所理解的失败

If there's a takeaway to this talk, I hope it's that we all feel more comfortable acknowledging the power of image in our perceived successes and our perceived failures.


自从我足够大拿起相机以来， 我一直热衷摄影， 但我今天想和你们分享 15张我最珍爱的照片， 它们没有一张是我拍的。

ever since I was old enough to pick up a camera, but today I want to share with you the 15 most treasured photos of mine, and I didn't take any of them.


没有艺术指导，没有造型师， 没有重拍的机会，更别提灯光效果。

There were no art directors, no stylists, no chance for reshoots, not even any regard for lighting.


事实上，它们大多数是随机找来的游客拍的。

In fact, most of them were taken by random tourists.


我的故事源起于 有一次我获邀到纽约市演讲， 我的妻子拍了张照片，我抱着我的女儿 那天是她的一岁生日。我们站在第57大道和第5大道的交界处。

My story begins when I was in New York City for a speaking engagement, and my wife took this picture of me holding my daughter on her first birthday. We're on the corner of 57th and 5th.


碰巧一年后，我们又回到了纽约市， 所以我们决定拍一张同样的照片。

We happened to be back in New York exactly a year later, so we decided to take the same picture.


你可以猜到事情是怎么发展的。


接近女儿三岁生日时， 妻子说，“嘿，你为什么不带萨比娜回纽约， 来个父女之旅，继续这个小传统？”

Approaching my daughter's third birthday, my wife said, "Hey, why don't you take Sabina back to New York and make it a father-daughter trip, and continue the ritual?"


也就是从这次开始我们找路上的游客帮我们拍照。

This is when we started asking passing tourists to take the picture.


你们知道，把相机递给一个完全陌生人拍照 是多么普遍而又不寻常的事。

the gesture is of handing your camera to a total stranger.


没有人会拒绝，幸运的是也没有人拿着我们的相机跑掉。

No one's ever refused, and luckily no one's ever run off with our camera.


那时，我们并不知道这样的旅程会深深改变我们的生活。

Back then, we had no idea how much this trip would change our lives.


对我们而言，它渐渐变得神圣起来。


这张是在911的几周后拍的， 我那时尝试解释911那天发生的事 试图采用让这个五岁孩子明白的方式。

This one was taken just weeks after 9/11, and I found myself trying to explain what had happened that day in ways a five-year-old could understand.


所以这些照片远远不止是记录了 一个瞬间，或一次特别的旅程。

So these photos are far more than proxies for a single moment, or even a specific trip.


它们是我们保藏时间的方式 记住10月的某一周， 让我们回想岁月， 以及我们年复一年是如何变化的， 不止是身体上的变化，而是各方面的变化。

They're also ways for us to freeze time for one week in October and reflect on our times and how we change from year to year, and not just physically, but in every way.


因为，我每年们拍同样的照片， 我们的视角并不一样， 女儿她到达新的里程碑， 我透过她的眼睛看待生活， 看她如何反应，如何看待一切。

Because while we take the same photo, our perspectives change, and she reaches new milestones, and I get to see life through her eyes, and how she interacts with and sees everything.


这是我们亲子相处的时间， 是一年里面我们最珍惜也最期待的时间。

This very focused time we get to spend together is something we cherish and anticipate the entire year.


最近一次旅程，我们在路上走着， 她突然停了下来， 她指着一间玩偶店的红色外棚 说她小时候非常喜欢那外棚 也就是从我们之前的旅程开始。

Recently, on one trip, we were walking, and she stops dead in her tracks, and she points to a red awning of the doll store that she loved when she was little on our earlier trips.


她向我形容 5岁的时候，她站在那个拍照点时的感受。

And she describes to me the feeling she felt as a five-year-old standing in that exact spot.


她说她记得第一次看到那个地方时 她的心快要跳出来， 那是9年前的事了。

She said she remembers her heart bursting out of her chest when she saw that place for the very first time nine years earlier.


现在她去纽约关注的是 大学校园， 因为她决定要去纽约读书。

And now what she's looking at in New York are colleges, because she's determined to go to school in New York.


我突然明白：我们创造的最重要的事情之一 是我们的记忆。

And it hit me: One of the most important things we all make are memories.


所以我希望分享这种主动 且有意识去创造记忆的想法。

So I want to share the idea of taking an active role in consciously creating memories.


我不知道你们的情况，但我个人而言，除了这15张照片， 我不会经常出现在家庭照片里面。

I don't know about you, but aside from these 15 shots, I'm not in many of the family photos.


我总是那个拿相机拍照的人。


我希望鼓励今天在座的各位， 争取到照片里面去， 别犹豫，走向前问路人， “可以帮我们拍照吗？”

So I want to encourage everyone today to get in the shot, and don't hesitate to go up to someone and ask, "Will you take our picture?"


我想和大家聊聊 一种非常不寻常的动物。

I would like to talk to you about a very special group of animals.


地球上总共有一万种鸟类。

There are 10,000 species of birds in the world.


秃鹫是他们中最濒临灭绝的一种。

Vultures are amongst the most threatened group of birds.


每当你看到秃鹫就像这只，首先 浮现在你脑海中一定是，这是一些令人厌恶， 贪得无厌并且追逐腐肉的可怕生物， 让人禁不住联想到政客们。 我想改变这种看法。我想改变 大家对秃鹫的这些不好的联想，因为 他们需要我们的同情。他们真的很需要。 让我来告诉大家为什么。

When you see a vulture like this, the first thing that comes to your mind is, these are disgusting, ugly, greedy creatures that are just after your flesh, associated with politicians. I want to change that perception. I want to change those feelings you have for these birds, because they need our sympathy. They really do. And I'll tell you why.


首先，为什么他们会给我们留下这种坏印象呢？

First of all, why do they have such a bad press?


1832年 查尔斯 达尔文在搭乘贝格尔号穿越大西洋的 旅途中，发现了土耳其秃鹫， 他当时说道，“这些令人恶心的，长着猩红色 秃头的鸟儿们总是沉湎于腐肉中不可自拔." 你很难找到比这更恶毒的侮辱了，这些话可是查尔斯 达尔文说的。 你们知道吗，达尔文返回英国之后就改变他的看法， 我马上会告诉你们为什么。

When Charles Darwin went across the Atlantic in 1832 on the Beagle, he saw the turkey vulture, and he said, "These are disgusting birds with bald scarlet heads that are formed to revel in putridity." You could not get a worse insult, and that from Charles Darwin. You know, he changed his mind when he came back, and I'll tell you why.


秃鹫还曾经被迪斯尼看上—— 像高飞狗一样，被人格化，变成了麻木的，愚蠢的动画角色。

They've also be associated with Disney — — personified as goofy, dumb, stupid characters.


而最近，如果你留意过肯尼亚的新闻 ——（欢呼）—— 肯尼亚的国会议员们被讽刺为像秃鹫一般 贪婪和愚蠢。但是我想叫板它。

More recently, if you've been following the Kenyan press — — these are the attributes that they associated the Kenyan MPs with. But I want to challenge that.


我要质疑它。你们知道为什么吗？

I want to challenge that. Do you know why?


因为国会议员们 不能保持自然环境的清洁。 不能阻止疾病的传播。

Because MPs do not keep the environment clean. MPs do not help to prevent the spread of diseases.


几乎没人遵守一夫一妻制度。 他们离灭绝还很远。 并且，这条我最喜欢，秃鹫比议员们好看多了。 在这个世界上有两大类秃鹫。

They are hardly monogamous. They are far from being extinct. And, my favorite is, vultures are better looking. So there's two types of vultures in this planet.


新大陆的秃鹫主要生长在 美洲大陆，像是美洲秃鹫和委内瑞拉秃鹫， 而在其他的大陆，那里 总共有16种秃鹫，他们中的11种正面临着 灭绝的风险。

There are the New World vultures that are mainly found in the Americas, like the condors and the caracaras, and then the Old World vultures, where we have 16 species. From these 16, 11 of them are facing a high risk of extinction.


所以为什么说秃鹫重要呢？首先， 秃鹫对生态循环做出了至关重要的作用。他们净化环境。

So why are vultures important? First of all, they provide vital ecological services. They clean up.


秃鹫是我们的大自然垃圾清道夫。


他们会把尸体上的肉吃的干干净净只剩白骨。

They clean up carcasses right to the bone.


他们能消灭所有尸体上的细菌，他们能吸收炭疽病毒 阻止病毒的传播与扩散 从而使大量的家畜和动物远离死亡和疾病。

They help to kill all the bacteria. They help absorb anthrax that would otherwise spread and cause huge livestock losses and diseases in other animals.


最近的研究还显示在那些 没有秃鹫生存的地区，尸体的分解会多花 三到四倍的时间，这给疾病的传播与扩散

Recent studies have shown that in areas where there are no vultures, carcasses take up to three to four times to decompose, and this has huge ramifications for the spread of diseases.


提供了更多的机会。 秃鹫还有非常多的历史意义。

Vultures also have tremendous historical significance.


他们和古埃及文化有着密切的联系。

They have been associated in ancient Egyptian culture.


奈库贝特女神在古埃及文化中象征着监护人 和母性，通常和眼镜蛇女神维阿杰特一起出现， 象征着上埃及和下埃及的团结和统一。

Nekhbet was the symbol of the protector and the motherhood, and together with the cobra, symbolized the unity between Upper and Lower Egypt.


在印度教神话中，秃鹫之神名为雅达尤， 他冒着生命危险 从10头恶魔罗波那手中救出了西妲女神。

In Hindu mythology, Jatayu was the vulture god, and he risked his life in order to save the goddess Sita from the 10-headed demon Ravana.


在西藏文化中，秃鹫尤其显得重要 天葬。在那些类似西藏的地方，既没有条件 土葬，也没有木材去进行火葬， 所以秃鹫为当地人提供了一种天然的尸体处理系统。

In Tibetan culture, they are performing very important sky burials. In places like Tibet, there are no places to bury the dead, or wood to cremate them, so these vultures provide a natural disposal system.


那么秃鹫都面临着哪些问题呢？


肯尼亚生长着八种秃鹫， 其中的六种正濒临灭绝。

We have eight species of vultures that occur in Kenya, of which six are highly threatened with extinction.


很多秃鹫被毒死，中毒的原因 是因为在肯尼亚正在发生的 人类与野生动物之间对于生存空间的争夺。牧人们 使用毒药来对付掠食动物， 掠食动物被毒死之后，秃鹫们随之成为了下一个受害者。

The reason is that they're getting poisoned, and the reason that they're getting poisoned is because there's human-wildlife conflicts. The pastoral communities are using this poison to target predators, and in return, the vultures are falling victim to this.


在南亚，一些国家类似于印度和巴基斯坦， 四种秃鹫被列为极度濒临灭绝中， 这意味着在他们将会在10到15年之内彻底灭绝， 灭绝的原因是因为秃鹫们 食用了那些生前曾被喂食过 含有双氯芬酸成分止疼药的家畜。

In South Asia, in countries like India and Pakistan, four species of vultures are listed as critically endangered, which means they have less than 10 or 15 years to go extinct, and the reason is because they are falling prey by consuming livestock that has been treated with a painkilling drug like Diclofenac.


现在含有双氯芬酸的兽药已经被禁止在印度使用， 印度政府表现出了积极的态度。

This drug has now been banned for veterinary use in India, and they have taken a stand.


因为秃鹫数量的骤减，野狗开始 在牲畜尸体掩埋场周围泛滥成灾， 在野狗泛滥的地区，狂犬病就像定时炸弹一样 随时都会爆发。狂犬病案例的数量 在印度出现了惊人的增长。

Because there are no vultures, there's been a spread in the numbers of feral dogs at carcass dump sites, and when you have feral dogs, you have a huge time bomb of rabies. The number of cases of rabies has increased tremendously in India.


肯尼亚即将拥有全非洲最大规模的风力发电厂： 353台涡轮发电机即将被安装在图尔卡纳湖区。

Kenya is going to have one of the largest wind farms in Africa: 353 wind turbines are going to be up at Lake Turkana.


我不反对开发风能，但是我们应该呼吁 政府重新考虑这项决定，因为风力涡轮机 会对鸟类造成威胁。高速的扇叶会把鸟儿“切”成两半。

I am not against wind energy, but we need to work with the governments, because wind turbines do this to birds. They slice them in half.


它们简直就是鸟类粉碎机。


在西非，一些人毫无怜悯的叫卖 死去的秃鹫来满足巫术和收藏的需求。

In West Africa, there's a horrific trade of dead vultures to serve the witchcraft and the fetish market.


我们正在做什么呢？我们正在研究 这些秃鹫。我们在它们身上安装定位器。

So what's being done? Well, we're conducting research on these birds. We're putting transmitters on them.


我们试图去查明秃鹫与周围环境的关系 并且了解秃鹫的行踪。

We're trying to determine their basic ecology, and see where they go.


我们发现它们会在不同的国家之间旅行，所以 如果只是关注一个地区，你很难取得什么进展。

We can see that they travel different countries, so if you focus on a problem locally, it's not going to help you.


我们需要去和整个地区的政府们打交道。

We need to work with governments in regional levels.


我们正努力与当地的居民们沟通。


我们正在尽力让他们了解到秃鹫的益处， 并且发自内心得去感激这些 奇妙的生物和他们为自然所做的贡献。

We're talking to them about appreciating vultures, about the need from within to appreciate these wonderful creatures and the services that they provide.


你们能做些什么呢？你们可以行动起来， 制造声势。你们可以写信给你们的政府 并且告诉他们，我们需要去关注这些被严重 误解的生物。花些时间 告诉你身边的人。尽可能多的人。

How can you help? You can become active, make noise. You can write a letter to your government and tell them that we need to focus on these very misunderstood creatures. Volunteer your time to spread the word. Spread the word.


当你走出这个房间的时候，你们就是 秃鹫达人了，不但要告诉你的家人们，还要 告诉你们的邻居们有关秃鹫的故事。

When you walk out of this room, you will be informed about vultures, but speak to your families, to your children, to your neighbors about vultures.


它们是那么的优雅。查尔斯 达尔文曾说到 他改变了自己的看法，在他看到秃鹫们在空中 优雅而又浑然天成的身姿之后。

They are very graceful. Charles Darwin said he changed his mind because he watched them fly effortlessly without energy in the skies.


肯尼亚，全世界，都将会有很大的损失 如果失去了这些奇妙的物种。

Kenya, this world, will be much poorer without these wonderful species.


我所做的一切，不论是生活上还是工作上 我的整个人生--深深受到 年轻时在非洲工作的那七年的影响，

Everything I do, and everything I do professionally -- my life -- has been shaped by seven years of work as a young man in Africa.


从1971年到1977年。 我看起来很年轻，但其实我老了-- 我曾在赞比亚，肯尼亚，象牙海岸，阿尔及利亚，索马里 参与过不少与非洲各国的技术合作项目。

From 1971 to 1977 -- I look young, but I'm not — -- I worked in Zambia, Kenya, Ivory Coast, Algeria, Somalia, in projects of technical cooperation with African countries.


当时我在一家意大利非政府组织工作。 我们在非洲建立的每一个项目， 都失败了。

I worked for an Italian NGO, and every single project that we set up in Africa failed.


那时21岁的我觉得我们意大利人是大好人， 我们在为非洲做好事谋福利。

I thought, age 21, that we Italians were good people and we were doing good work in Africa.


然而，我们干什么赔什么。

Instead, everything we touched we killed.


我们第一个项目给了我写第一本书的灵感， 书名叫《赞比西河的涟漪》。 在这个项目中，我们意大利人 决定教赞比亚人种粮食。

Our first project, the one that has inspired my first book, "Ripples from the Zambezi," was a project where we Italians decided to teach Zambian people how to grow food.


所以，我们带着意大利的种子来到了赞比亚南部， 一个壮丽迷人的山谷， 通向赞比西河。 我们教当地人种植意大利西红柿 和西葫芦等等。

So we arrived there with Italian seeds in southern Zambia in this absolutely magnificent valley going down to the Zambezi River, and we taught the local people how to grow Italian tomatoes and zucchini and ...


当然，当地人对此表示毫无兴趣， 所以我们付工资请他们来劳作， 他们也是一会儿来一会儿不来的。 有着如此肥沃的山谷，当地人居然不耕种，

And of course the local people had absolutely no interest in doing that, so we paid them to come and work, and sometimes they would show up. And we were amazed that the local people, in such a fertile valley, would not have any agriculture.


我们对此感到十分惊奇。 但我们并没有问他们原因， 而仅仅是感叹道：“幸亏我们来了。” “在饥饿的赞比亚人民命悬一线时伸出了援手。”

But instead of asking them how come they were not growing anything, we simply said, "Thank God we're here." "Just in the nick of time to save the Zambian people from starvation."


当然，在非洲种的东西都长得很好。

And of course, everything in Africa grew beautifully.


我们种的西红柿漂亮极了。在意大利，一个西红柿 长这么大。在赞比亚，能长这么大。

We had these magnificent tomatoes. In Italy, a tomato would grow to this size. In Zambia, to this size.


这真是难以置信。我们跟赞比亚人说： “看，耕种多容易啊。”

And we could not believe, and we were telling the Zambians, "Look how easy agriculture is."


当西红柿成熟了，红彤彤的好看极了， 一夜之间，从赞比西河跑来两百多头河马 把所有西红柿都啃光了。 我们跟赞比亚人说：“天呐，这些该死的河马！”

When the tomatoes were nice and ripe and red, overnight, some 200 hippos came out from the river and they ate everything. And we said to the Zambians, "My God, the hippos!"


赞比亚人说：“没错，这就是我们不在这里耕种的原因。” “你们为什么不早说？” “你又没问过。”

And the Zambians said, "Yes, that's why we have no agriculture here." "Why didn't you tell us?""You never asked."


我本以为只有我们意大利人在非洲栽了跟头， 但当我知道美国人的情况， 英国人的情况，法国人的情况， 当看了他们的所作所为之后， 我为我们在赞比亚的项目感到非常自豪。

I thought it was only us Italians blundering around Africa, but then I saw what the Americans were doing, what the English were doing, what the French were doing, and after seeing what they were doing, I became quite proud of our project in Zambia.


因为，我们至少喂饱了河马。

Because, you see, at least we fed the hippos.


你们应该看看这些垃圾---- 你们应该看看我们塞了多少垃圾给 这些满怀信任的非洲人民。

You should see the rubbish — -- You should see the rubbish that we have bestowed on unsuspecting African people.


你们可以读读这本书， 叫《致命援助》，作者是丹比萨·莫约， 一位赞比亚女经济学家。

You want to read the book, read "Dead Aid," by Dambisa Moyo, Zambian woman economist.


这本书出版于2009年。


我们这些西方援助国在过去50年里 向非洲大陆投入了两万亿美元。

We Western donor countries have given the African continent two trillion American dollars in the last 50 years.


我不打算跟你们细说这笔钱所造成的损害。

I'm not going to tell you the damage that that money has done.


看看以一位非洲女性的眼光，我们所带来的损害有多大。

Read it from an African woman, the damage that we have done.


我们西方人是帝国主义者，殖民主义者，以及传教士， 我们跟人们打交道的方式只有两种： 一是居高临下，二是家长做派。

We Western people are imperialist, colonialist missionaries, and there are only two ways we deal with people: We either patronize them, or we are paternalistic.


这两个词来自于拉丁词根“pater”， 意即“父亲”。

The two words come from the Latin root "pater," which means "father."


家长做派意味着我把不同文化背景的人 当成我的孩子对待。“我爱你孩子。”

Paternalistic, I treat anybody from a different culture as if they were my children. "I love you so much."


居高临下意味着我把另一文化背景的人 当做我的仆人对待。

Patronizing, I treat everybody from another culture as if they were my servants.


这也就是为什么在非洲白人被称作“老爷”，也就是老板。

That's why the white people in Africa are called "bwana," boss.


我在读一本书时，如遭当头棒喝， 这本书叫《小即是美》，作者是舒马赫， 他说，经济发展最重要的一点是，如果人们 不想让别人帮忙，就随他们去。

I was given a slap in the face reading a book, "Small is Beautiful," written by Schumacher, who said, above all in economic development, if people do not wish to be helped, leave them alone.


这应该是援助的首要原则。

This should be the first principle of aid.


援助的首要原则就是尊重。


今天早上，给这次大会致开幕词的先生 在地上放了一根棍子，说道， “我们能不能--你们能不能想象一座城市 没被新殖民主义侵略吗？”

This morning, the gentleman who opened this conference lay a stick on the floor, and said, "Can we -- can you imagine a city that is not neocolonial?"


27岁时，我做出一个决定， 只基于人们的需求提供援助。 我创立了一套工作系统，叫“企业梦工厂”。 我们不做创始人， 也不激励任何人，而是为当地人们的 创业热情而服务，为当地人们 找到更好的人生定位。

I decided when I was 27 years old to only respond to people, and I invented a system called Enterprise Facilitation, where you never initiate anything, you never motivate anybody, but you become a servant of the local passion, the servant of local people who have a dream to become a better person.


所以我们要做的--就是闭嘴。


我们走进一个社区时不会将任何想法强加于对方， 而是与当地人坐在一起交流。

You never arrive in a community with any ideas, and you sit with the local people.


我们的工作地点不在办公室。


我们与客户在餐馆和酒吧见面。

We meet at the cafe. We meet at the pub.


我们没有任何基础设施的建设。


我们所做的，是跟他们交朋友， 并发现他们的兴趣和意向。

And what we do, we become friends, and we find out what that person wants to do.


你可以向客户提出你的点子，


但如果对方不感兴趣， 你又有什么办法？

If that person doesn't want to do it, what are you going to do?


客户热衷于自我提升的这份热情 才是最重要的。

The passion that the person has for her own growth is the most important thing.


对方的热情是建立在自我提升的基础上， 这才是最重要的

The passion that that man has for his own personal growth is the most important thing.


然后我们帮助他们搜集相关知识和信息， 因为这世上，单丝不成线，独木不成林。

And then we help them to go and find the knowledge, because nobody in the world can succeed alone.


有点子的人未必懂得相关知识， 但我们可以提供支持。

The person with the idea may not have the knowledge, but the knowledge is available.


所以很多年前，我有个想法， 我们为何不能至少有一次做到聆听他们的想法， 而不是把我们的想法强加于他们？ 但这不能以社区会议的形式进行。

So years and years ago, I had this idea: Why don't we, for once, instead of arriving in the community to tell people what to do, why don't, for once, listen to them? But not in community meetings.


There is a problem with community meetings.


企业家们从不出席， 他们绝不会在公众集会上告诉你， 他们打算把钱用在哪儿， 他们窥测到了什么商机。

Entrepreneurs never come, and they never tell you, in a public meeting, what they want to do with their own money, what opportunity they have identified.


你甚至都无从结识社区里最聪明的那些人 因为他们根本不参与你们的公众集会。

The smartest people in your community you don't even know, because they don't come to your public meetings.


我们的做法是，与客户一对一， 为了能一对一，我们必须建设 一套前所未有的社会基础设施。

What we do, we work one-on-one, and to work one-on-one, you have to create a social infrastructure that doesn't exist.


我们必须创造一个全新的职业。


这种职业相当于企业的家庭医生， 这位企业家庭医生，会与你面对面 在你的家里，你的厨房餐桌旁，或是咖啡馆， 帮助你集结资源来将你的创业热情 转换为谋生技能。

The profession is the family doctor of enterprise, the family doctor of business, who sits with you in your house, at your kitchen table, at the cafe, and helps you find the resources to transform your passion into a way to make a living.


我在西澳大利亚州的埃斯佩兰斯进行了试验。

I started this as a tryout in Esperance, in Western Australia.


那时我在读博士， 努力摒弃那种居高临下的狗屁做法 到了之后只会颐指气使指手划脚。

I was a doing a Ph.D. at the time, trying to go away from this patronizing bullshit that we arrive and tell you what to do.


我在埃斯佩兰斯的第一年 只是出去遛街，在那些日子里， 我有了第一位客户，我帮助了这第一个人。 他是毛利人，在一家车库里做熏鱼。 我教他把鱼卖给珀斯的餐馆， 帮他进行了筹划。然后当地的渔民们跑来跟我说， “你就是那个帮毛利佬卖鱼的人？你能帮帮我们吗？”

And so what I did in Esperance that first year was to just walk the streets, and in three days I had my first client, and I helped this first guy who was smoking fish from a garage, was a Maori guy, and I helped him to sell to the restaurant in Perth, to get organized, and then the fishermen came to me to say, "You the guy who helped Maori? Can you help us?"


我让这五个渔民合伙运作， 不是把美味的金枪鱼以60美分一公斤的低价 卖给奥尔巴尼的罐头工厂， 而是以15美元一公斤的高价卖给日本做寿司。 接着又有农民跑来跟我说， “嘿，你帮助了他们，能帮帮我们吗？”

And I helped these five fishermen to work together and get this beautiful tuna not to the cannery in Albany for 60 cents a kilo, but we found a way to take the fish for sushi to Japan for 15 dollars a kilo, and the farmers came to talk to me, said, "Hey, you helped them. Can you help us?"


一年之内，我做了27个项目， 政府的人跑来问我， “你是怎么办到的？

In a year, I had 27 projects going on, and the government came to see me to say, "How can you do that?


你怎么能--？”我答道：“我做了一件很困难的事，

How can you do — ?" And I said, "I do something very, very, very difficult.


那就是闭上嘴，听他们说。” 所以---- 所以政府的人说：“那接着做。” 我们在世界上300个社区开展了这个项目。

I shut up, and listen to them." So — — So the government says, "Do it again." We've done it in 300 communities around the world.


我们已帮助建立了40,000家企业。

We have helped to start 40,000 businesses.


新一代的创业者们 皆因闭门造车而一事无成。

There is a new generation of entrepreneurs who are dying of solitude.


彼得·德鲁克，史上最伟大的管理咨询师之一， 几年前去世了，享年96岁，

Peter Drucker, one of the greatest management consultants in history, died age 96, a few years ago.


彼得·德鲁克在涉足商界之前 是一位哲学教授， 彼得·德鲁克曾说过： “计划其实是与创业型社会 及创业型经济不相容的。”

Peter Drucker was a professor of philosophy before becoming involved in business, and this is what Peter Drucker says: "Planning is actually incompatible with an entrepreneurial society and economy."


Planning is the kiss of death of entrepreneurship.


现在，我们重建基督城， 却不知道基督城最聪明的那群人 想如何运用他们自己的钱财和精力。

So now you're rebuilding Christchurch without knowing what the smartest people in Christchurch want to do with their own money and their own energy.


我们必须学会如何让这些人 给出他们的意见。

You have to learn how to get these people to come and talk to you.


我们必须给予他们保密的承诺，并尊重他们的隐私， 我们要擅长为他们提供帮助， 这样他们才会上门，才会纷至沓来。

You have to offer them confidentiality, privacy, you have to be fantastic at helping them, and then they will come, and they will come in droves.


在一个10,000人的社区里，我们有200个客户。

In a community of 10,000 people, we get 200 clients.


你能想象一个400,000人的社区， 凝聚了多少智力和热情吗？

Can you imagine a community of 400,000 people, the intelligence and the passion?


今天上午你们鼓掌最多的演讲来自谁？

Which presentation have you applauded the most this morning?


是充满创业热情的当地人。你们为他们鼓掌。

Local, passionate people. That's who you have applauded.


所以我想说的是， 创业精神是当今社会的潮流。

So what I'm saying is that entrepreneurship is where it's at.


当我们处于第一次工业革命的末期时-- 我们使用不可再生矿物燃料，发展制造业-- 但我们忽然意识到这种发展是不可持续的。

We are at the end of the first industrial revolution -- nonrenewable fossil fuels, manufacturing -- and all of a sudden, we have systems which are not sustainable.


内燃机的燃料总有耗尽的一天。

The internal combustion engine is not sustainable.


用氟利昂冷藏食物也非长久之计。

Freon way of maintaining things is not sustainable.


我们现在要关心的是我们如何 以一种可持续的发展方式来满足70亿人的 食物、医疗、教育、运输及通信需求。

What we have to look at is at how we for seven billion people in a sustainable way.


现有的科技水平尚做不到这一点。

The technologies do not exist to do that.


谁能发明这种科技来 实现绿色革命？大学吗？别想了！

Who is going to invent the technology for the green revolution? Universities? Forget about it!


是创业者们，是他们正在为之奋斗。

It will be entrepreneurs, and they're doing it now.


许多年前，我在一本未来主义杂志上 看过一篇有趣的文章。

There's a lovely story that I read in a futurist magazine many, many years ago.


1860年，有一批专家受到邀请 去讨论纽约市的未来是怎样。

There was a group of experts who were invited to discuss the future of the city of New York in 1860.


那是1860年，这批人聚到一起， 他们都对100年后的纽约市 作出了推断。 他们的结论众口一词： 100年后，纽约市将不复存在。

And in 1860, this group of people came together, and they all speculated about what would happen to the city of New York in 100 years, and the conclusion was unanimous: The city of New York would not exist in 100 years.


为什么？因为他们看着图表上的曲线说， 如果人口继续以这种速度增长， 纽约的人们出行 将需要六百万匹马， 而六百万匹马所排泄的粪便 将无法处理。

Why? Because they looked at the curve and said, if the population keeps growing at this rate, to move the population of New York around, they would have needed six million horses, and the manure created by six million horses would be impossible to deal with.


到时人们将会被马粪淹没。 所以1860年，他们认为，这种肮脏的科技 将扼杀纽约的生命。

They were already drowning in manure. So 1860, they are seeing this dirty technology that is going to choke the life out of New York.


那么结果呢？40年之后，1900年， 美利坚合众国有了1,001家 汽车制造商--有1,001家之多。

So what happens? In 40 years' time, in the year 1900, in the United States of America, there were 1,001 car manufacturing companies -- 1,001.


找到一种新科技取而代之 才是发展的王道， 而停滞不前的小工厂还有很多。

The idea of finding a different technology had absolutely taken over, and there were tiny, tiny little factories in backwaters.


例如密歇根州迪尔伯恩市的福特汽车公司。


然而，与创业者打交道有个秘诀。

However, there is a secret to work with entrepreneurs.


第一，你要给予他们保密的承诺。

First, you have to offer them confidentiality.


不然他们不会来找你谈的。

Otherwise they don't come and talk to you.


然后你要为他们提供专注 而热情的服务。

Then you have to offer them absolute, dedicated, passionate service to them.


你要告诉他们创业精神的真谛。

And then you have to tell them the truth about entrepreneurship.