I have a low-recoil Knoxx BreachersGrip™ on my "Kentucky Carry" Mossberg 500 Cruiser J.I.C. with an 18.5" barrel. In range practice, I deliberately fire many series of six shots in five seconds or less, all 20'-25' to the silhouette, and I have absolutely NO discomfort or wrist pain, thanks to the Knoxx BreachersGrip. (The Federal Tactical LE132 reduced recoil 00 buckshot works for me, way better than economy Royal RIO full power 00 buckshot.)
Anyone that can legally own a shotgun can affordably equip a suitable short-barreled $200-$300 Mossberg or Remington with a $75 Knoxx BreachersGrip™ and proper sights, and then learn to repeatedly fire his pistol-gripped shotgun painlessly and accurately to about ten yards. This proposal runs counter to current popular belief. But seeing is believing.
Some people might like a better way to shoot a pistol grip only - PGO shotgun or want one for a heavy artillery truck or car gun. With practice a stocked shotgun can effectively be fired below the line-of-sight at chest level. For more information go to
Pistol Grip Only - PGO Shotgun Technique. I specifically recommend that stocked shotguns are best for HD. If anyone would like to practice an effective way to shoot a PGO shotgun, they can practice with a stocked shotgun with the stock tucked under the arm.
I think that installing a tritium front sight that can be seen in the dark is the first priority when modifying a shotgun for HD.
My "Kentucky Carry" shotgun is a non-choked, smoothbore, modified Mossberg 500 Cruiser J.I.C. and I have it for outdoor HD and as a truck or car shotgun. For indoor HD, I prefer my pistols. I keep my "Kentucky Carry" 500 loaded with
3" Remington Premier® Copper Solid™ Sabot Slugs, backed up with a shell belt of both Federal Tactical low recoil "00" buckshot (LE13200B) and Brenneke K.O. slugs (60 yards plus accuracy). For "Kentucky Carry" I hang my low-recoil PGO shotgun at my right side under my right arm from a single-point sling around my neck, and I control it with my right hand. The sling can be transitioned to hang the shotgun from the chest or the back and to allow a sidearm to be drawn. I will post a picture of it after I add a King Armory KA-1212 muzzle brake/flash suppressor, and then parkerize and Molykote it at AZEX in Mesa, Arizona.
The comfortable and ergonomic Knoxx BreachersGrip™ cuts recoil in half, makes firing painless and easy, and encourages practice. P-R-A-C-T-I-C-E builds one's confidence that he can successfully use his shotgun to defend his home. A BreachersGrip™ equipped shotgun is so effective in reducing painful recoil that it can be shot effectively one-handed. The Remington Law Enforcement Breacher Shotgun has the Knoxx BreachersGrip™ installed on the 870 MCS receiver with 10” barrel, moreover, Remington will install the Knoxx BreachersGrip™ or SpecOps™ stock on ANY model with a 10 gun minimum order.
Remington says, "While we have all seen several attempts at recoil reducing stocks, the Knoxx SpecOps is the only one worthy enough to be endorsed and put on Remington’s Legendary 870 Police Shotgun. The recoil reduction is truly amazing." Retail $99.95 but only $74.95 at L.A. PoliceGear.
WATCH THIS KNOXX VIDEO! WATCH THIS KNOXX VIDEO! WATCH THIS KNOXX VIDEO! WATCH THIS KNOXX VIDEO! WATCH THIS KNOXX VIDEO!
My Knoxx BreachersGrip™ came unlubricated and stiff. Before I bolted it to my Mossberg 500 J.I.C., I thoroughly lubricated and manually worked the track mechanism with Break-Free® CLP (Cleaner Lubricant Preservative). You can stand both the Knoxx BreachersGrip™ and the Knoxx SpecOps™ stocks upright, lubricate the track mechanism with plenty of Breakfree® CLP or whatever, and with your palm protected with an old piece of towel, work the track mechanism for a couple of minutes as if you were breaking in a new pistol slide. (Except that the track mechanism is
powerfully strong! I think that Blackhawk could spare some white lithium grease for them. You can get to FAQ's, videos, etc. for any of the three Knoxx products from Blackhawk.
Cavalry Arms Oversized Safety
I have replaced the original Mossberg tang safety on my Knoxx BreachersGrip-equipped Mossberg 500 Cruiser J.I.C. with a Cavalry Arms Oversized Safety. The beauty of the Cavalry Arms SST-590 Black Rugged Oversized Aluminum Safety is that it provides a work-around for accessing the tang safety on pistol-gripped Mossbergs.
True, it would be great if Mossberg also offered an optional trigger guard-style safety for pistol-gripped Mossbergs, but that it not going to happen. I find the Cavalry Arms Oversized Safety easy to access on my 500, maybe even easier than on the SST-590 stock that Cavalry Arms designed it for.
The Cavalry Arms Oversized Safety is easiest to manipulate with the right index finger by a right-handed shooter (or with the left index finger by a left-handed shooter) when it is used with a Knoxx BreachersGrip™, a Knoxx SpecOps™ stock, etc. Using this Cavalry Arms safety does require a minor shift of the hand on the pistol grip, but not a radical hand movement as when manipulating the original Mossberg safety.
I consider that this Cavalry Arms statement is correct, that their Safety is "for fast, ambidextrous on/off engagement with thumb pressure, or index finger as preferred on [Mossberg shot]guns equipped with a pistol grip." It is not just appropriate for the SST-590 stock alone, and just a simple bump cannot take it off safety. It takes a deliberate forefinger push or pull to move it. I even lubed it, and I trust it.
My gunsmith had a black Allen head machine screw that he shortened to install the Cavalry Arms safety, which came without a screw. This 6/32x5/16" screw could be ordered from Bolt Depot Product number 7907, Socket head (a.k.a. Allen head) machine screw, Alloy steel, Black oil (plain) finish. Diameter: 6-32, Product number 7907, length 5/16", $0.09/each, $6.02/100. One could put a nut on a more commonly stocked 6/32x3/8" black socket head machine screw and barely grind it back to 5/16" and remove the nut and buff off any burrs.
I will post a picture of the Cavalry Arms safety and the Knoxx BreachersGrip™ both installed on my Mossberg 500 Cruiser J.I.C. soon. The Cavalry Arms safety might be a bit more awkward when it is installed with the Cavalry Arms SST-590 stock that is pictured below.
TruGlo Tritium/Fiber Optic Front Sight
I think that installing a tritium front sight that can be seen in the dark is the first priority when modifying a shotgun for HD.
I have immediate day or night sighting with a glow-in-the-dark TruGlo Tactical Front Sight Shotgun Steel Blue Tritium/Fiber Optic Green light pipe which is concealed and not visible to the target, $79.99. These sights were first manufactured in 2008, so the tritium is expected to last 12 years, until 2020. I had the barrel drilled and tapped for two #6-48 screws by my gunsmith. "This sight is bright and visible regardless of the lighting conditions. Fiber optics capture and amplify any available light, while a tritium vial provides illumination during complete darkness. Steel construction. Manufacturer #: TG131SG."
Midway (but $10 cheaper elsewhere).
LaserLyte Tri-Rail Mount
I have installed a LaserLyte Tri-Rail Mount Shotgun Matte, $24.95 at
Midway. Slide it on carefully to avoid scratching the magazine tube. Hand-tighten it sensibly with the supplied Allen wrench to avoid stripping out the threads. (It is incorrectly installed in the above photograph, because it should not be tightened on the barrel lug. It should only be tightened on the magazine tube.)
LaserMax Uni-Max Red Laser
Although I use the TruGlo Tritium/Green Light Pipe sight for my primary or emergency sighting, I strongly recommend having a laser on PGO shotguns (and S&W J-frames!), lined up PARALLEL to a laser boresighter, because of the inherent loss of accuracy when compared to a shotgun with a stock and sights. For precision or for night use, and if time allows when under attack, I have a
LaserMax LMS-UNI Uni-Max Rail Mount Red Laser with Integral Rail on the right side rail of the LaserLyte Tri-Rail Mount (where my thumb on the forend will not slip and bump it). I am also going to put on a LaserMax Uni-Green laser to help me when I am at the range in daylight to get my aim to where it needs to be. (Green lasers in defensive situations should only be used when behind decent cover, because a BG can see the "greenbeam" from the side, day or night.) My left forefinger can flick the on/off switch without removing my left hand from the forend. "The Uni-Max is a laser inside a Picatinny rail. Tactical lights easily fit on top or bottom. A super-reliable, super-handy, little laser."
Mr. Larry Vickers says, "At night and in conditions of limited visibility lasers are nothing short of awesome; they make accurate shooting easier than with any other sighting system currently on the market. Don’t get me wrong, night sights and white light have their place but a visible laser at night rules. PERIOD. Remember, lasers are meant to augment the standard sights, not replace them. They are simply another tool in the tool box." A dependable laser such as a LaserMax can help one to shoot around a corner without overly exposing himself to incoming rounds, if he can shoot the shotgun without shouldering the stock. A dependable laser can help one to make a difficult head shot or other precision shots, or to wing a BG hiding behind too little cover.
The shooting method as I described above is very good for rapid fire at cardboard targets, but what if the targets are moving BGs or if I am on the ground? My (as yet personally untested) guess is that this shooting method will work just fine at moving targets, based on Mr. Cirillo's "tank turret" below line-of-sight alternative sighting method. Our range does not allow crossfire at targets nor moving exercises, so I will have to practice a wide variety of exercises with my PGO shotgun and the C.A.R. system on our family farm. But hey, I can still shoot by bead at eye-level with my PGO shotgun just like I was doing all along before I learned this chest-level method, or use the laser. Repeated eye-level shooting with a PGO shotgun is really slow compared to the chest-level method, but it is always an option.
KA-1212 muzzle brake/flash suppressor
I have a
Mesa Tactical Receiver Mount Picatinny Rail (Standard Profile, #90770) for Mossberg 500, Aluminum Matte Black, $44.99, on my pre-drilled and tapped receiver.
King Armory will soon permanently install the KA-1212 muzzle brake/ flash suppressor so that the total barrel length will remain 18.5", and then parkerize and Molykote the barrel and magazine tube. The KA-1212 controls muzzle rise well, but it is also perhaps the best shotgun flash suppressor. At night a BG just might return fire where he saw a big fireball and hit me, even though the BG cannot see my silhouette to aim at me. Better safe than sorry means, to me, get the KA-1212 for HD shotguns.
"The KA-1212 reduces recoil and tightens patterns by dumping pressure from behind the shot wad before it achieves free flight. KA's proven '6/45' port arrangement offers maximum performance in a small package and keeps the sights clear of gases/heat mirage so you don't lose sight of the target, day or night. The KA-1212 is a 'must have' for civilian and LE applications where retaining low-light vision and the ability to fire rapidly on target are of key importance. Although this unit will impress you with its daytime performance, the first time you use it in low-light/ dark environments, you'll appreciate the extra R&D work that King Armory put into this product."
I am particularly impressed with this King Armory KA-1212 Flash Suppression Video.
Single Point Slings
I have a non-stretchable black single-point padded sling made by Browning, where I first attached the swivel at one end of the sling to the swivel at the other end of the sling, which is attached to the swivel stud at the far rear of the low-recoil Knoxx BreachersGrip™. I will probably get a "bungie cord" single point sling because they have a little flex to get over a winter coat or a tac vest. I am considering either a
BDS Tactical CQB Single Point Sling and the optional mash clip, or a 100690101 Spec-Ops LONESTAR RIG Single Point Sling, or a Gear Sector ASP Generation 2 one-point sling, or a Spector Gear High Speed Transition (HST) Sling, or a BLACKHAWK!® Storm Single Point Sling 70GS12BK.
Two-point slings are without any question superior for hunting shotguns and full-length combat/tactical shotguns. Moreover, we can observe that several single-point slings are popular right now for both short-barreled, short LOP shotguns and pistol-gripped breacher/etc. shotguns in military and LE use. After transitioning a two-point sling, the weapon is still controlled yet both hands are free. Users of these single-point combat/tactical slings have a disadvantage because they have to dedicate the support hand to control the weapon if they want to free their strong hand. If both hands must be free for other tasks when a single-point sling is used, Blackhawk offers
71WH00BK BlackHawk Universal Slung Weapon Holder.
I also put on a Mossberg forend strap.
Federal Law Enforcement Tactical Low-Recoil 9 pel #00 Bk (copper plated), FC wad @ 1145 FPS. Part # LE132
Federal Premium Vital-Shok Ammunition 12 Gauge 2-3/4" Buffered 00 Copper Plated Buckshot 9 Pellets Flitecontrol Wad Box of 5 @ 1325 FPS, Part # PFC154 (THESE CIVILIAN SHELLS ARE SIMILAR TO BUT HAVE MORE POWER AND MORE RECOIL THAN Federal Law Enforcement Tactical Low-Recoil 9 pel #00 Bk (copper plated), FC wad @ 1145 FPS. Part # LE132)
The Federal Tactical LE-132 low-recoil 00 buckshot with FliteControl is in high demand because so many police departments buy it. Federal PFC-154 usually costs more than than LE-132. (A low-recoil version that was labeled PFC-154 LR has not been manufactured since about 2006.) Low-recoil ammo like LE-132 lets you re-acquire your target more quickly for second and third shots. We are responsible for every buckshot "flyer," and we should forget about using a wider pattern to substitute for poor aiming or to hit two badguys with one shot. The very tight-patterning LE-132 is the ticket. We want most or all of the 9 pellets to hit our target hard and very close to each other. LE-132 has a longer range than non-FliteControl buckshot loads, up to maybe 40 yards.
My personal favorites are the
3" Remington Premier® Copper Solid™ Sabot Slugs. They are .68 caliber solid copper hollow-point 2X-expansion bullets. About 4 years ago I decided that the 3" Remington Copper Solid™ sabots would expand and make really big holes so I bought a few boxes. I called Remington and I asked if the accuracy of these sabots would be unacceptable from a smoothbore barrel at short distances. The Remington representative asked me what distance did I have in mind, and I answered, About 50 feet. There was a pause and he said, No, there won't be any problem with accuracy from a smoothbore at that distance! (Of course, these are long-range hunting sabots and they can cross through a big boar diagonally and pop a chunk out of him when it exits. So I figured that they will go through leather, denim, winter coats, cars...) In testing, 60% (3 of 5) of the Copper Solid™ Sabot Slugs did NOT keyhole even at 50 yards from a smoothbore barrel. So at 50'-75' or less from a smoothbore barrel, the 3" Copper Solid™ Sabot Slugs have acceptable accuracy, the hollow-point will strike first as intended, and they will expand more than any other slug!
Everyone has to examine his own HD situation, and everyone can benefit by "hardening his perimeter." After that, I rely on my handguns for indoor HD. I consider my shotguns to be my last recourse for indoor HD, and I am not running for my shotguns. But if I have to go outside with a shotgun, I won't be worrying about over-penetration of indoor walls with 00 buckshot. My ready load is 3" Remington Premier® Copper Solid™ Sabot Slugs, backed up with a shellbelt of Federal LE-132 FliteControl 00 buckshot, accurate to 35 yards, and Brenneke K.O. slugs, accurate to 60 yards. Police departments are often not authorized to use slugs, so they are grateful for a little more range with Federal LE-132 FliteControl ammo. I do not have that constraint. I will be outdoors, and if I am responsible for every buckshot "flyer," then I had better not miss, and I will have better stopping power with a slug. While the majority of posters on
StoppingPower.net use 00 buckshot for HD, there have been several logical posts by those who now ready load slugs, including the pre-fragmented PolyWad Quik-Shock slugs. Even the Site Administrator, a retired lifetime Detroit and Federal LEO, does not consider this to be a bad idea. "This site has been created to serve as the definitive source for bullet stopping power, self defense, concealed carry, and firearms performance information."
My judgment is that if I am ever in a conflict with BGs firing at me from over 50 yards away, there has been a complete breakdown of law and order, and I need rifle ammunition. When law and order is restored, I will still have to justify my decisions. And those difficult decisions must be made on-the-fly, knowing in advance that a prosecutor might later try to persuade a jury that I lied when I said that I felt that I had been lethally threatened by a BG situated where the 50 yard target is in the photograph below.
"Federal Premium Ammunition has reinvented and redefined smoothbore slug technology and effectiveness. The
Federal TruBall® Rifled Slug system is the most consistent group-to-group smoothbore slug on the market. The TruBall® Rifled Slug locks a simple plastic ball between the wad and slug to center the slug in the barrel, promoting clean separation of components after muzzle exit. Federal's Tactical® TruBall® Rifled Slug provides an amazing accuracy improvement at ranges up to 75 yards for smoothbore shotguns. See for yourself with 2" groups at 50-yards. Upgrade your smoothbore without changing barrels." (See also Federal slugs.)
Federal Tactical® TruBall® Rifled Slug LEB127 LRS 1300 fps muzzle velocity --- 1642 ft-lbs muzzle energy (same Low Recoil load as Federal Vital-Shok® TruBall® Rifled Slug PB127 LRS)
Federal Tactical® TruBall® Rifled Slug LEB127 RS 1600 fps muzzle velocity --- 2487 ft-lbs muzzle energy (same Full Power load as Federal Vital-Shok® TruBall® Rifled Slug PB127 RS)
BRENNEKE K.O. SLUGS ARE GREAT FOR AFFORDABLE TARGET PRACTICE!!! (12 GA, 2¾”, 1 oz., SL-122KO, rifled or smoothbore barrels, Range: up to 60 yards) is one of the least expensive slugs on the market. It has superb accuracy: Five-shot groups under 2” at 50 yards. It has 1600 fps muzzle velocity and 2491 ft-lbs muzzle energy. It is an improved Foster type slug with a flat trajectory, excellent penetration, and good knockdown power."
Brenneke Tactical Home Defense Slug (12 GA, 2¾”, 1 oz., SL-122THD, rifled or smoothbore barrels, Range: up to 35 yards) is very suitable for police work/self defense. Fast, accurate follow-up shots are possible due to the low-recoil loading. With 1378 fps muzzle velocity and 1854 ft-lbs muzzle energy, it has good knock down power and yet reduced risk of over-penetration in urban use."
Brenneke Special Forces Short Magnum (12 GA, 2¾”, 1.25 oz., SL-122SFM, rifled or smoothbore barrels, Range: up to 100 yards) has unequaled penetration and stopping power at medium ranges. In independent testing, the SFSM penetrated a full 34.9" of FBI-spec ballistic gelatin. The nearest competitor could manage only 26", others as little as 11". Quite simply, it’s the most powerful 2¾" load on the market…and will function equally well in smoothbore and rifled shotguns. The Special Forces Short Magnum’s massive frontal area, exceptionally hard alloys and distinctive Brenneke weightforward design will penetrate many vehicles, doors, even some walls, putting an end to the threat right here, right now. Its special red coating reduces barrel fouling and cleaning. It has 1476 fps muzzle velocity and 2538 ft-lbs muzzle energy. It has superb accuracy: Five-shot groups under 2” at 50 yards."
To change to chest-level shooting from my previous eye-level shooting, I removed my EOTech 551 from my PGO Mossberg Cruiser and put it back on my Kel-Tec PLR-16 5.56mm pistol. I did not really like the EOTech and my thumb coming so close to my teeth when I fired my springed Knoxx BreachersGrip-equipped Cruiser at eye level. It takes time to both line up sights on a PGO shotgun at eye-level and to not knock your teeth out from shooting too fast. I did not like how that caution for the sake of my teeth really slowed my firing down. That is why I researched and learned that 60%-70% of PGO shotgun users fire from chest level, and so the EOTech had to come off. But the great increase to speed of firing convinced me that learning to fire by lower-than-eye-level sighting is worth the effort.
EOTech XPS3-2 below is even better than my EOTech 551. The EOTech XPS3-2 corrects an old battery/disappearing reticle problem sometimes experienced from recoil under extreme endurance testing. It uses only 2.75" of rail space, is night vision compatible, and runs 500-600 hours on one CR123 battery (3X the battery life of my N cell model), and of course it lets you know hours before it is going to run out of power.
Be sure to read these
EOTech testimonials by LEO's and our combat soldiers. I liked this one: "We found it easy to advance at a threat and shoot with both eyes open. It was as though you did not really have to aim, even though you were. For an overall performance score, we would give it an A. This type of system could greatly enhance the marginal shooter's ability." -- Sgt. Greg Schuman, Boulder County Sheriff's Office.
"The EOTech HOLOgraphic Weapon Sight has a 90' (28m) field of view at 100 yards, at a 4" eye relief. The greater field of view of the EOTech HWS (nearly 4 times as wide as the Aimpoint Comp M2) means improved situational awareness and faster threat identification. The EOTech HWS employs a true Heads-Up Display that eliminates blind spots, constricted vision, or the tunnel vision associated with tube sights. All user controls are flush to the HWS's streamline housing with no protruding knobs, battery compartments or mounting rings blocking vision of the target area. True 2 eyes open shooting is realized. Instant threat identification is achieved by maximizing the operator's peripheral vision and ultimately gaining greater control of the engagement zone.
"In holography, all the information required to reconstruct the reticle image is recorded everywhere in the Heads-Up Display window. If the window is obstructed by mud, snow, frost, rain, etc., the HWS remains fully operational, with point of aim/impact being maintained. Even in such extreme cases where the laminated window is shattered, the HWS is fully functional! As long as the operator can see through any portion of the window, the entire reticle pattern is visible on target...the operator can still engage with confidence.
"The top 3 advantages of an EOTech for CQB are 1) Speed , Speed, and more Speed – the HWS is simply the fastest sight in the market today; 2) the maintenance of the operator’s peripheral vision with the tubeless Heads Up Display and 2 eyes open shooting; 3) the ease of use to achieve incredible accuracy, which translates into the operator’s greater confidence in his shooting ability."
I hang my pistol-gripped, low-recoil shotgun at my right side under my right arm from a single-point sling around my neck, and I control it with my right hand. I no longer fire my low-recoil PGO shotgun by what I had named the "Kentucky Carry" method. When I used to fire my PGO shotgun at eye-level, I was duplicating the way that I had set up my Kel-Tec PLR-16, but the results were not satisfactory. Pushing my stockless, moderate-recoil Kel-Tec PLR-16 .223 caliber/5.56mm 30-round pistol forward firmly away from a single-point, inflexible sling allows stable and accurate repeated fire. But I did not like the EOTech and my thumb coming so close to my teeth when I fired my springed Knoxx BreachersGrip-equipped Cruiser at eye level. It takes time to both line up sights on a PGO shotgun at eye-level and to not knock your teeth out from shooting too fast. But to see what I mistakenly had in mind for my PGO shotgun, please pay attention to how the single-point sling is used to stabilize this Kel-Tec PLR-16. (This is not my video, or my PLR-16, or my brother.)
I can fire my PGO Kel-Tec PLR-16 .223/5.56 mm 30-round pistol with one hand, sighting by an EOTech, and crudely hit a 50-yard target every single time, but if I push it firmly forward against the inflexible single-point sling, I am accurate to 100 yards. And I have 20/400 vision. (At least I am not blind.)
I bought my 9" barreled semi-automatic PLR (Pistol Long Range)-16 because it is concealable, portable, non-NFA, and relatively powerful. A concealed carry license will not help one to move undetected through a bad neighborhood, etc. with an AR, whereas that is feasible with a 20" long PLR-16. Different circumstances can validate different tools. I can use either the really compact factory 10-round magazine or any 30-round AR magazines. It is only 20" long with the factory muzzle break, which nearly eliminates muzzle rise. I have shot mainly Lake City 5.56x45mm M855 SS109 62 grain "green tip" military surplus ammunition, and also a few boxes of the Ultra-Max remanufactured .223 ammunition. The Kel-Tec PLR-16 is very dependable with 5.56mm ammunition, but .223 ammunition can occasionally FTF or FTE. This is normal because .223 ammunition is designed for .223 chambers, and .223 ammunition can be fired from 5.56 mm chambers, but not 100% reliably. And the PLR-16 is loud. The PLR-16 does not have the good sight radius of an AR, but it is a real beast with an EOTech. There are many YouTube videos of PLR-16's with EOTechs up top.
Please check out the super informative
Kel-Tec Owners Group PLR-16 forum
"The PLR-16 is a gas operated, semi-automatic pistol chambered in 5.56 mm NATO caliber. It was designed as and is intended as a long-range target and hunting pistol. The PLR-16 has a conventional gas piston operation and utilizes the proven M-16 breech locking system. The rear sight is adjustable for windage. The front sight is of M-16 type. An integrated MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail will accept a multitude of standard accessories. The muzzle end of the barrel is threaded 1/2” -28 to accept standard attachments such as a muzzle brake. Except for the barrel, bolt, sights, and mechanism, the PLR-16 pistol is made entirely of high-impact glass fiber reinforced polymer. The accessories available for the PLR-16 include an under-picatinny forend, scope rings, dynamic deflecting operating handle, single point sling, and a muzzle brake specifically design for the 9.2" barrel of the PLR-16." --


Military experts believe that the Iranian army and Revolutionary Guard have no ability to contain any military attacks from aircraft, missiles or advanced weapons possessed by many countries in the region and the world because of their weak air defense, despite all the claims of the military leaders and Iranian media.
It is true that the Iranian forces possess thousands of missiles in various religious, sectarian and revolutionary names. It can even be said that it possesses the largest number of missile arsenals in the Middle East. However, the classification of these missiles comes at the bottom of the list for the missile capability in the world due to their short ranges, weak launchers, low speed and their lack of guidance in hitting targets, in addition to the ease of tracking and dropping them by using the simplest types of weapons and air defense.
In fact, these missiles do not give Iran any military power or special advantage in the event of fighting any regular war with any country in the region with its trained troops at the highest levels and sophisticated weapons, such as Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt and others. However, the danger of these missiles lies in Tehran’s efforts to access a nuclear weapon that would increase the threats of these missiles by providing them with nuclear warheads if Tehran can obtain nuclear weapons in any way. This is in addition to the concern of the international community that such missiles might find their way to terrorist groups that work under Iran’s orders which are used in a guerrilla war and indiscriminately against the peoples of the region as part of Iran’s terrorist plan to ignite wars in the region to weaken the Arab countries.
In addition, Iran’s air defense systems of all kinds, such as radar systems, missile systems, detection systems, control and guidance systems are outdated and technologically retarded, and by comparing them with the levels and capabilities of offensive weapons in the world that are owned by several countries in the region, these Iranian systems will be completely incapable of dealing with any military attack.
Iran has many missile defense systems, but all are unable to track targets at all different altitudes because of the world’s weapons industry developments, including advanced fighter aircraft and intercontinental missiles, which Iran was unable to keep up because of its isolation and international sanctions imposed on it for decades because of its nuclear program, its interventions in the region and its support for terrorism and violations of human rights and international treaties and conventions.
Morally, Iran has lost all strategic initiatives since the inception of the current regime and its war with Iraq, and the change in the Iranian military doctrine into resorting to proxy wars for the aim of implementing its expansion project, because the regime becomes certain of its collapse in the event of entering into any comprehensive war with a state that has developed military forces and regional and global alliances.
Apart from the Iranian statements and threats that come under its revolutionary propaganda, the regime knows very well that its armed forces, both the army and the Revolutionary Guard, and its internal front are shaky and weak and do not have sophisticated weapons that are capable to achieve any victory in the event of direct war and will not be able to bear the losses of any military adventure that might happen because of the madness of some regime’s symbols or the arrogance and recklessness of some Revolutionary Guard’s commanders.
Moreover, if Iran went into a war, it will be isolated and will have no support at all! Neither Moscow nor Beijing will be willing to engage in a war that might be on the other side the United States or the European countries as this would mean the start of a third world war. Hence, Russia and China will distance themselves and the only thing they can do is to issue desperate statements.
Many Iranian reports have revealed recently that young people are refusing to join the armed forces and the Revolutionary Guard. These reports indicate that there is a strong desire among young people to pay millions to avoid compulsory military service, despite their extreme poverty. There are also many reports of increased suicides inside the army and the Revolutionary Guard, in addition to the many cases of military disobedience as a result of the soldiers’ refusal to military orders who do not hide the presence of racism and corruption inside the military and security institutions.
Iran’s total military personnel is 523,000 and 350,000 reservists. They are divided into the army with 350,000, the Revolutionary Guard with 125,000, the Air Force with 18,000, and the 30,000 of the Air Force. Despite the differences in these numbers between the army and the Revolutionary Guard, the Revolutionary Guard budget is much more than the army’s budget and even the entire army has become under the control of the Revolutionary Guard which has created great anger among the leaders of the army led to huge differences that the regime is trying to hide. The Revolutionary Guard consists of about 100,000 ground troops and 20,000 naval personnel, including 5,000 Marines. It is responsible for the entire ballistic missile program as well as its command of the Iranian Basij and non-Iranian Shiite militias, as well as the so-called the Quds Force, which has an unknown personnel number because of the secrecy of its work and activities outside the Iranian border, but it is estimated to be around 15 to 20 thousand and led by Major General Qasem Soleimani.
Therefore, the manpower of the Iranian forces is weak, and what is weaker is the loyalty to the leadership and the regime. Although the Revolutionary Guard’s budget is very large and much larger than the government’s one, it is directed at Iranian foreign programs and projects. The Revolutionary Guard has failed in manufacturing and developing weapons because of Iran’s isolation and the sanctions imposed on it, which means that it succeeded only in reproducing and copying the dilapidated conventional weapons, which have now become worthless and ineffective. The Iranian army and Revolutionary Guard have about 1,500 major combat tanks, including about 500 T-72 tanks, 150 M-60A-1 tanks, about 500 T-54 tanks, 55 Chinese tanks and the rest are T-62 tanks and local developments such as Zulfiqar. These tanks are worthless compared to the sophisticated weapons possessed by regional and global countries. There are about 7,000 artillery pieces of all kinds, including about 300 self-propelled guns, about 1,500 rocket launchers of various caliber, about 3000 mortars and the rest are field artilleries of various caliber. From a military perspective, these tanks and artillery are very easy to eliminate in record time if Iran decided to go to war with a country that owns modern combat aircrafts and sophisticated weapons.
Moreover, Iran is one of the weakest countries in the region in terms of military airpower. It possesses about 334 combat aircraft, all of which have become old-fashioned and outdated because of the ease in destroying them, including: MiG-29, Sukhoi-22, Sukhoi-24, Sukhoi-25, F-5, F-7 and others that can be dropped and destroyed easily because of the global developments that Iran has missed in the last four decades.
The Iranian leaders know these facts very well and they are aware that going into any military confrontation with any organized army in the region would mean the end of the Iranian regime, so they resort to igniting wars away from Iran by supporting terrorist groups and directing them to target the countries of the region. These revolutionary statements and fiery threats of the Iranian regime’s leaders are nothing but a propaganda for domestic consumption and to reassure the Iranian fifth column in the region.
Al Mezmaah Studies & Research Centre
February 17, 2019


Putin responded to Trump's Thursday-night tweet during his year-end, hours-long press conference.
"Of course the U.S. has more missiles, submarines and aircraft carriers, but what we say is that we are stronger than any aggressor, and this is the case," Putin said. "As for Donald Trump, there is nothing new about it, during his election campaign he said the U.S. needs to bolster its nuclear capabilities and its armed forces in general."
Putin said Russia was not seeking to create more nuclear warheads or to enter a Cold War-era arms race. He said Russia was working to improve current armament to the point it could pierce through missile defense systems.


Video of the launch of a Longbow Hellfire Missile from the Indirect Fire Protection Capability Increment 2 – Intercept (IFPC Inc 2-I) Multi Mission Launcher (MML). The MML is a truck mounted launch system currently in development and is designed to be capable of loading various interceptors, allowing soldier to select different interceptors for use against different threats.
Indirect Fire Protection Capability (IFPC) Program led by the U.S. Army needed the experience and expertise that Trust Automation had delivered to the U.S. Military previously in being able to lift, level and rotate heavy equipment for missile launching. The equipment needed to be capable of extremely precise positioning, at a rapid pace, in very rugged environmental conditions.
Medium Extended Air Defense System (MEADS) International is a multinational joint venture between Lockheed Martin and MBDA in Italy and Germany. Lockheed’s Missiles and Fire Control (MFC) division, headquartered in Florida is the prime contractor for the MEADS system.
Trust Automation, Inc., the world’s leading developer of linear servo drives, creator of custom and standard high precision motion, motor control and system design as well as complete power train devices for the defense and other industries, today announced its fourth Low Rate Initial Production contract for the rugged and high tech vehicle automation system for the AN/TPQ-53 (Q-53) produced by Lockheed Martin. AN/TPQ-53 is a counterfire target acquisition radar that provides soldiers with enhanced 360-degree protection from indirect fire.


I, like many nerds, discovered the possibility of thorium as a nuclear fuel from a &feature=relmfu">complex documentary starring thorium fanatic, NASA scientist, and brain-trust Kirk Sorensen. You’d have to have a doctorate in physics to break down all the information Sorensen spews, but here’s what makes thorium exciting as a possible “clean” nuclear energy source:
Thorium, named after the Norse god of thunder Thor, is plentiful in the earths crust, burns almost completely in a Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR), which is orders of magnitude safer than the uranium reactor, and it is also capable of burning spent nuclear waste.
How plentiful is thorium? A cubic meter of crust earth contains 12 grams of thorium, which would power the average human’s needs for 10 to 15 years. Said another way – thorium is so energy dense you can hold a lifetime of energy in your hand. The US has thorium stored from the Manhattan project and it’s a by-product of most mineral mining around the world.
Thorium reactors have a built in safety valve. Explaining why a disaster like Japan’s Fukushina Daichii could never happen with the LFTR Kirk Sorensen says, “If it begins to overheat, a little plug melts and the [Fluoride salts) drain into a pan. There is no need for computers, or the sort of electrical pumps that were crippled by the tsunami. The reactor saves itself.” Basically, the machine shuts itself down if power is crippled to the reactor.
Nuclear energy as we know it, using uranium, was developed because its by-product was plutonium – used in nuclear weapons. In one year the typical nuclear power plant generates 20 metric tons of nuclear waste. But that waste could be reused/burned in the LFTR.
India and China have already jumped ahead on thorium development. It’s attractive to India because they hold 1 to 2 % of the worlds uranium, but a projected 12-33% of the worlds thorium. China is investing considerable sums in thorium based on research done in the US at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the 1960s.
To learn more about Thorium and the Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor (LFTR) watch this short documentary (16 minutes) featuring scientists Robert Hargraves, Joe Bonometti, and Kirk Sorenson.


M3 Micarta Black, a combination of expert design and modern metallurgy. Extremely durable knife from the Italian manufactory LionSteel. Versatile and perfectly balanced full tang design with a massive wide blade of Niolox steel that provides great cutting power. Aimed at bushcraft, survival and hunting enthusiasts. A knife that will serve you for years!
Design by Molletta, designed by well-known, respected Italian designer with many years of experience. Michele Pensato (a.k.a. Molletta), is distinguished by a new approach to the use of materials and experiments in the application of heat treatment and the use of advanced software in the design of knives.
Niolox - a tool steel with good edge holding and high strength. Hardened in the range of 58-63 HRC. It is characterized by aggressive cutting and good impact strength. The name comes from the element niobium (Nb), one of the best carbides, which contributes to the wear resistance of the steel. Niolox contains 0.7% of it. Easy to sharpen with moderate corrosion resistance, it contains 8.5% chromium. Manufactured by German Lohmann steelworks.
Blade - massive with Drop Point profile and thickness of 5 mm with clearly marked belly of the cutting edge. Satin smooth Plain blade with Full Flat Grind provides strength and tapering of the blade towards the tip reduces weight while improving the geometry of the cutting edge. On the back of the wedge upper jimping, notched thumb rest.
Handle - covered with convex, waterproof and non-slip Micarta grip covers. Contoured and 3D machined for better ergonomics, they provide a secure grip. Enlarged protrusion acts as a gut to protect the hand from slipping on the blade. Mounted with Torx T8 stainless steel screws, the liners can be removed to make an improvised spear knife.
Sheath - made of abrasion resistant, waterproof Cordura in black with additional pocket for flint or sharpener. The M.O.L.L.E. compatible mount allows the holster to be carried on the belt or on the armor in an upright position.
Product Number: M3 MI
Name: M4 Micarta Black / Satin Blade
Steel Type: Niolox
Blade hardness: 58-63 HRC
Blade length: 105.0 mm / 4.13"
Blade thickness: 5.0 mm / 0.20"
Total length: 235.0 mm / 9.25"
Weight: 230.0 g / 8.11 oz
Cutting edge type: Plain (smooth)
Grind Type: Full Flat Grind
Blade Type: Drop Point
Handle Material: Micarta Black
Manufacturer: LionSteel, Italy
Developed by: Sharg® Company


Browning, the Utah-born firearms company, will not bargain with the U.S. government over handgun safety, divorcing itself from the landmark agreement between President Clinton and Smith & Wesson, the nation's largest gun maker.
"In my estimation, [Smith & Wesson] has been politically drug into giving away their own rights, the rights of everyone in the industry, the rights of licensed gun dealers and the rights of law-abiding gun owners," said Rich Bauter, vice president of firearms marketing for Browning.
"I would think that everybody in the country should be absolutely outraged, at not only Smith & Wesson's steps, but also the U.S. government's steps that have intruded into the legislative process," he said.
Another major firearms manufacturer, Glock Inc., also repudiated the Smith & Wesson deal Tuesday, with officials of the Austrian corporation saying they will not sign a similar voluntary gun-control agreement.
Like Smith & Wesson, Browning is a defendant in a series of lawsuits filed by cities and states -- including New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco -- that argues gun manufacturers and dealers have failed to take adequate steps to ensure the firearms they sell are safe.
By agreeing last week to abide by a code of conduct, Smith & Wesson will be released from the pending suits and protected from future litigation.
Utah lawmakers passed a law this month that would prevent similar litigation brought by municipalities in the state.
Among a list of stipulations, Smith & Wesson will require safety and child-resistant locks on all the guns it sells, start developing "smart guns" that can be fired only by their owners, and refuse to distribute guns to gun show dealers who won't agree to complete background checks on potential buyers.
President Clinton called the agreement "a major victory for America's families." "It says that gun makers can and will share in the responsibility to keep their products out of the wrong hands," he said in a statement. "And it says that gun makers can and will make their guns much safer, without infringing on anyone's rights."
While Browning today produces only a small number of handguns, the company has in the past designed and manufactured Winchester rifles and Colt .45 handguns. "Unfortunately a member of our industry, that is owned by an outsider, a foreign country, has caved in to political maneuvering," said Browning's Bauter. "There would be no way that we would make such an agreement."
Although the company was founded by Mormon pioneers and retains offices in Utah, Browning is owned by Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre of Belgium.
Bill Nash, chairman of Utahns Against Gun Violence, wasn't surprised by Browning's criticism.
"It goes along with what we've said all along -- there are more responsible things that manufacturers can do," he said. "As for Browning's decision, I just think it's unfortunate."
James Jay Baker, chief lobbyist for the National Rifle Association, condemned the Smith & Wesson deal. "This is a futile act of craven self-interest," said Baker. "In their rush to liquidate an inconvenient asset, executives at Tomkins PLC are jeopardizing an entire U.S. industry and undermining a constitutionally guaranteed right."
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Last updated: October 5, 2005.
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Brand new and never used.
Look at pictures to see actual items you will receive.
The Maxima Pink RZ sets a new standard for hunting arrow performance. It combines the same world class, lightweight speed and accuracy of the Maxima Blue Streak with the breakthrough broadhead accuracy of the Maxima RED. The result: a new, lightweight hunting arrow that shoots broadheads so well that it is a revolution in bow hunting performance. The Pink RZ features a hi-tech carbon shaft designed with stiffer ends that isolate the arrow’s flex in the middle of the shaft: the RED ZONE. Testing shows that the new Pink RZ with RED ZONE technology flies broadheads as well as field points. The Pink RZ features pink accents that match the Mathews Chill SDX Pink bow graphics package. Comes in a 150 spine fletched with 2″ vanes and with the Mathews signature logo.


This is a Steyr HR .50 cal M1 sniper rifle. (The M1 variant means it can hold 5 rounds instead of 1) which belongs to
(Video of me shooting this rifle is on my private facebook for now, but will be uploaded to youtube soon!)
Agh I accidentally left the back mounting support down >.< I didn't even notice, but if I had I wouldn't be able to fix it because this gun so was heavy to hold! (you can tell I'm leaning it against my hip for support). I also forgot my to put my hairclip in =/
Oh well! I was too anxious to shoot this beauty!
Character: Gears of War Yoko
's father's gun range


"Through the drill, the South Korean and US air forces displayed the allies' strong intent and ability to punish North Korea when threatened by nuclear weapons and missiles", the JCS said in a statement. The North has warned the drills would push the Korean peninsula to "the brink of nuclear war".
The United States flew a B-1B supersonic bomber over South Korea on Wednesday as part of a massive combined aerial exercise involving hundreds of warplanes, a clear warning after North Korea last week tested its biggest and most powerful missile yet.
White House national security adviser H.R. McMaster said over the weekend that the possibility of war with North Korea was "increasing every day". "Now the time has come", Chung Young-tae, Director of the Military Research Institute of Dongyang University, told AsiaToday in a telephone interview on Monday.
A page of "common sense" advice on how people can protect themselves from a nuclear weapons attack or explosion has been published by the official state-run newspaper in northeastern China's Jilin city.
In something reminiscent of the Cold War era, the Jilin Daily used a colorful comic Wednesday to tell readers to wear masks and take iodine tablets to prevent radioactive iodine from collecting in their thyroid glands.
Major projects include the upgraded Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missile system and the introduction of a tactical surface-to-surface guided weapon. The Chinese are trying, but ineffectively. "The reason why North Korea wants to contact the United States is because it wants to weaken or destroy the US-ROK alliance".
Pokémon GO : la 3ème génération débarque !
Cette fonctionnalité ajoute une profondeur au gameplay de Pokémon Go , et renforce le lien entre le virtuel et le monde réel. En plus de ces Pokémon, les développeurs ajouteront aussi un nouveau système de météo dynamique .
JADGE will receive the additional power needed to make these judgments in an upgrade starting next fiscal year.
US Republican Senator Lindsey Graham urged the Pentagon on Sunday to start moving US military dependants, such as spouses and children, out of South Korea, saying conflict with North Korea was getting close.
That prompted North Korea's foreign minister, Ri Yong Ho, to warn that the North could shoot down the US bombers even if they did not enter North Korean airspace.
Spoehr, a retired Army lieutenant general, also noted the Trump administration's strategy of applying "global maximum pressure" on the North to abandon its nuclear ambitions.
The 8th Army advertises South Korea as a "dynamic, family-friendly assignment that is personally and professionally rewarding" as a recruiting tool. It is important for the South Korean government to maintain balance.
Television is full of images of seemingly happy workers in factories pledging their loyalty to the Kim family, interspersed with the usual patriotic imagery of the country's sacred Mount Paektu, symbol of both communist revolution and the North's claim to be the one, true Korea.


Andronics Super Blue manufacture and develop a number of very specialize Military Equipment. This includes Long Range Bomb Detectors, High Altitude, Elevation Drone Detectors, Weapons Radar Stations, Fast super-sonic Jet Fighters, UAV and Stealth Air-Craft, and low flying noiseless craft (Missiles) We employ many other methods. We deploy a Drone with a Magnetic Barrel that detects and disturbances in the atmosphere 24/7 in all weather. We are the only ones that make such a long range depth device.
Contact us at email@example.com


Using Steel Targets For Law Enforcement Training
The ability to shoot with accuracy in a tactical situation is a must-have skill for anyone in law enforcement. Whether it is practicing at the range or training in the field, target shooting is an ideal training tool to ensure a shooter can hit the target in almost any situation. Steel targets, from a location like Hang Fast Targets, are commonly used in law enforcement to help officers train for various shooter-related operations. Find out more about how these targets work, and how they can improve accuracy.
Rather than going through hundreds, or even thousands, of paper targets, steel targets can withstand heavy use and abuse without the need for replacement. This can save local law enforcement money on training overhead costs. Steel targets can be hung from the ceiling and adjusted to different heights and distances, or they can be placed on a stationary pole and moved around as needed. This steel is specially made to be able to handle gunfire, and provides officers who are training with a good quality target to practice with. They are made to prevent excess bullet fragments deflecting off the surface and can be used for a variety of weapons ranging from hand guns to rifles.
How Steel Targets Help Officers Train
Since most training facilities can provide enough range space to maneuver the steel targets into any position, these targets are ideal for different training styles. Learning to shoot a target teaches law enforcement officers how to quickly respond in a time sensitive situation while maintaining the ability to hit with accuracy. They’re also helpful for sniper practice and situations where an officer must be able to shoot at a target from a long distance. Their modular designs allow for easy set up and take down, allowing officers to move them or change their configuration to adapt to several different potential situations.
Types Of Steel Targets
Steel shooting targets can come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and formats. Some hang from the ceiling using chains, while others are on a mounted system attached to the ground. They can be placed in groups for quick, multiple shot practice or placed alone for practicing in a one-on-one shooter situation. The steel plates can be in the shape of a circle, a human form, or even a bowling pin. Depending on the supplier, steel targets can be configured to work on a motorized system as well. The use of these targets can help law enforcement keep their shooting skills up to date, and provide training for new officers to get them ready for just about any situation they face.


The Asado knife (also called an Argentinian gaucho knife) is part of Argentine tradition, whereby you should bring your own knife when invited to an Asado (a BBQ). This piece ensures that the tradition is honoured in style with a handmade combination of bone and stainless steel and a blade that will slice any steak with ease.
Material: Bone handle with German stainless steel blade. Handwoven sheath is made of leather.
Size: 12.7cm long.


The HAE UAV and Dynamic Retasking by Tactical Commanders Download PDF EPUB FB2
Multi-UAV Control for Tactical Reconnaissance and Close Air Support Missions: Operator Perspectives and Design Challenges Lt Col Jeffrey W. Eggers 57th Operations Group but also rapidly assess a complex dynamic tactical situation, process a large amount of information, and make numerous time-critical mission management decisions.
The File Size: 1MB. The HAE UAV ground elements are designed to be readily deployable in three C equivalent loads. The Global Hawk air vehicle is self deployable. The DarkStar air vehicle will most likely require air transport by C, C, or C-5 aircraft depending on Non-MOB locationsC or larger aircraft.
SECTION 1 - INTRODUCTION. PURPOSE This Concept of Operations (CONOPS) describes the operational employment of various classes of Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) being designed to support warfighters.
These unmanned vehicles include the Predator, a Medium Altitude Endurance (MAE or Tier II); the Global Hawk, a Conventional High Altitude Endurance (Conv HAE. Called the Shadow tactical UAV (TUAV), it promises to dramatically enhance the reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition (RSTA) capabilities of those at the tip of the proverbial spear The HAE UAV and Dynamic Retasking by Tactical Commanders book providing them the ability to gather information on enemy formations with a limited risk to men and materiel.
For approximately $3million, this Author: Shawn C. Weed. Future Concepts XXIII - UAV, UAS, and MAV Unmanned Aircraft - Kindle edition by Winslow, Lance, Winslow, Lance. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Future Concepts XXIII - UAV, UAS, and MAV Unmanned : Lance Winslow. Video showing the solution to chapter 10 for the Aerosonde model for the UAVBook.
Another Turkish firm made its first export sale (to Qatar) of its Bayraktar Tactical UAV a year ago. This is a kg (1, pound) aircraft with a 40 kg (88 pound) payload and an endurance of 14 hours. It enters service in Turkey this year. The price for ten Bayraktars Tactical UAVs sold to Qatar was reported to be $25 million.
The Ranger is a tactical unmanned aerial vehicle designed and built by a consortium of Swiss and Israeli companies Oerlikon Contraves, RUAG Aerospace and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). It is the first miniature fixed wing lightweight UAV to be certified to fly in civilian aerospace and populated areas.
The tactical focus of joint doctrine for UAV employment is echoed in other joint doctrinal publications to include Joint PubIntelligence Support to Joint Operations.
This myopic focus inhibits the integration of UAVs into sequenced and synchronized joint operations, thereby, limiting their ability to conduct operations at the operational. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have come a long way since their first deployment, passing from oddity to a commonplace operational necessity.
As one of the hottest areas for R&D, manufacturers and defence departments are focusing on perfecting flexibility, endurance and autonomy.
Over the next several years, UAV/UAS (more commonly known as “drone”) technology will play a significant role in the growth and evolution of commerce in our region, as well as nationally, and globally.
Bousquet Holstein’s UAV/UAS practice group was formed to work alongside our clients to help them successfully navigate the legal and regulatory environment while seeking out opportunities.
Full text of "Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office (DARO) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)" See other formats. Air Force VS Army Concepts for UAV Employment The Army and the Air Force have significantly different concepts for employment of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), and can deliver significantly different deployed combat power for a given force structure.
The Army’s existing Sky File Size: 27KB. Penguin C Long Endurance, Long Range Small Tactical UAV Rolands Ozoliņš, Business Development Director Septem UNMANNED AIR VEHICLE’S HISTORY: EARLY HISTORY, WORLD WAR I, INTERWAR PERIOD AND WORLD WAR II UAVs had already been early thought of during the 19th century, with the use of balloons to bomb enemy cities, such as the launch of pilotless balloons with bombs by the Austrians against Venice in Balloons were also used on the.
Training, both in flight and on the ground, as well as the support of unmanned aerial vehicles are integral to mission success the panelists said.A great asset for Soldiers in. The Sky-X has been designed, developed and financed by Alenia Aeronautica of Italy to be the first European UAV to fly within the 1,kg category.
Development began in before being flown 18 months later, with automatic flight systems for the aircraft being developed by Alenia. GA-ASI has been testing its Reaper UAV in an electronic warfare role. General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) recently reported on a second flying demonstration of an MQ-9.
A simply benign flying UAV may have a camera-mounted system gathering intelligence without the knowledge of battlespace. It provides both long distance and local service. 11th Signal Bde Similar Communications Capabilities to JCSE * Normally used to backfill JCSE GCCS-M OTCIXS/TADIXS Message Handling (DMS0 Environmental Data/Weather Tactical Decision Aids Imagery Resource Mgt.
(MS Office) Projectors/Briefing Equipment Phone Switch Integrated Services Digital. Pioneer was procured starting in as an interim UAV capability to provide IMINT for tactical commanders on land and at sea. Pioneer skipped the traditional U.S. development phase of the acquisition process, and nine systems, each with eight air vehicles, were procured beginning inat an estimated cost of $ million.
UAV Photos. UAV New s. ARMY I-GNAT® ER - UAV. The GNAT systems offer the combination of long endurance (over 40 hours), large payload capacity, ease of use and low maintenance while providing a very low cost-per-flight-hour. The timeliness of data delivered via spot beams (GBS) warrants further examination.
For example, recent tests showed that data transfer from the Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to forward elements took 3 h, 22 min, via GBS and 2 min, 45 s via a direct down link (High-Altitude, Endurance (HAE) UAV ACTD Quick Look, ER19/20 Oct ).
(the A Hummingbird) (Figure ), the X Dragonfly canard rotor wing (CRW) (Figure ), unmanned combat armed rotorcraft (UCAR) (Figure ), and small or micro-UAVs (Figure ) for urban combat. The remainder of this chapter discusses the naval UAV operational missions, the potential of UAVs for naval operations, related.
The ISR drone is a basic aerial component of modern militaries today - offering realtime battlefield tracking of ongoing actions and enemy positions. There are a total of ISR Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Military Factory.
Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Flag images indicative of country of origin and not. RQ-1 Predator MAE UAV. The Predator Medium Altitude Endurance (MAE) UAV was developed as an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) from January to June This is the first report of progress in producing a NextGen Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research, Development and Demonstration Roadmap (NextGen UAS RD&D Roadmap).
The activity was established to enable a responsive, efficient, timely, coordinated Author: Progressive Management. The network is a 2 megabits/sec node-to-node system based on the existing Joint Tactical Radio System, which will also support the Warfighter Information Network—Tactical (WIN-T) that DOD is developing.
The network contains National Security. Raytheon is switching its UAV control system from Solaris to Linux for U.S. military drones, starting with a Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout helicopter.
Earlier this month Raytheon entered into a $ million contract with the U.S. Navy to upgrade Raytheon’s control systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), according to a May 2 Avionics.
Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Concept of Operations in ITS Applications March 6. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Demoz Gebre-Egziabher, Zhiqiang Xing 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics University of Minnesota. UAV TACTICAL SYSTEMS LIMITED - Free company information from Companies House including registered office address, filing history, accounts, annual return, officers, charges, business activity.Watchkeeper is a Tactical Unmanned Aerial System (TUAS), currently coming into service with the Royal Artillery in the British Army.
The value of aerial reconnaissance I hope none of you gentlemen is so foolish as to think aeroplanes will be usefully employed for reconnaissance purposes in war. This publication provides guidance to commanders, their staffs, and UAV squadron personnel.
It addresses planning requirements, command and support relationships, request procedures, and UAV capabilities. MCWP supersedes Fleet Marine Force Manual (FMFM)UAV Company Operations, dated 4 November


Lazer Technologies Inc. (LTI) has produced a total of 20 high-power laser systems that could be used to destroy any approaching enemy missiles or aircraft. The 20 units have been produced, funded in part as private research within the research and development arm of LTI, but the bulk of the funding came from a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
Testing of the laser units has shown that they are effective defense weapons, and through redesign to add portability and easier field maintenance, the units could be truck-mounted.
DoD has asked LTI to submit a bid for 100 units.
The 20 units that LTI has built so far cost the following amounts and are listed in the order in which they were produced: Use Exhibit 6.4 and Exhibit 6.5.
a. Based on past experience, what is the learning rate? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole percent.)
b. What bid should LTI submit for the total order of 100 units, assuming that learning continues?
c. What is the cost expected to be for the last unit under the learning rate you estimated?


Tai Chi Weapons
At Nabi Su, the weapon is taught as an extension of self.
Our practice begins within, in our own center. Our posture, breathing and ways of moving, including and especially our stances, assure that we remain grounded and centered while circumstances change.
One of those circumstances may be what we are holding in our hands. Each object has its own shape, function and spirit. A cylindrical weapon functions differently than a bladed weapon. A double-edged sword functions quite differently than a single-edged saber.
For those who are studying Tai Chi, weapons begin with the saber, followed by the double-edged sword, then the fan. Spear forms from Hung Gar and Cho Li Fut, Butterfly Knives, Lightning Saber and the two-person Saber/Spear form are taught to advanced practitioners.
Contact us to find out more about Tai Chi weapons practice at Nabi Su.


Tactical field training set 9F663M (TFTS) is intended to train the anti-aircraft gunners for operating the combat means of the man-portable air defense systems (MANPADS) and for fighting performance including launching of the MANPADS operational missiles.
The training-practical missiles of the combat means simulators and operational missiles are launched at the air target simulators by the anti-aircraft gunners from the shoulder in a standing or kneeling position from a direct fire position providing a good observation of the air space.
The launches can be also performed from the trenches, from the objects moving across flat terrain at a speed of not more than 20 km/h as well as from the stationary objects. Tactical field training set 9F663M includes:
- The hardware - software set;
- The combat means simulators;
- The unmanned aircraft system;
- The control post simulator;
- The launching mechanism of the combat launch control system.


There’s an old WWII era joke about the definition of hell. It says that hell is a world in which the British are the cooks, the French are the mechanics, and the Germans are the police. Obviously, in heaven the job assignments are different. In a similar way, most of the talking about guns these days is being done by those who know the least about the subject.
For example, Alan Grayson, Congressman (D) from the district where the shooting took place, said that the gun used by the terrorist could fire “700 rounds per minute.” This is absolutely not possible. This fire rate is a specification referring to the fire rate while there is ammunition available. It disregards time necessary to reload and, even if the gun was connected to an endless belt of ammunition, one could not fire 700 rounds in a minute. According to Steven Howard (a lawyer and gun expert), due to heat build up “in reality, you’ll get to 500 rounds and the gun will just melt.”
Grayson also said of the killer on CNN, “If somebody like him had nothing worse to deal with than a Glock pistol which was his other weapon today, he might have killed three or four people and not 50.” Let’s examine that with two scenarios; one with the Sig Sauer MCX actually used and one with a Glock 17. According to local news outlets, a total of 202 rounds were fired by the shooter and the police. Let’s assume the shooter fired 200 of those.
Scenario #1 Sig Sauer MCX: A skilled shooter can fire 60 rounds per minute. Let’s give our shooter 50 rounds per minute. This gives us roughly 4 minutes actually pulling the trigger 200 separate times. Reload time is roughly 4 seconds. With the 30 round magazine he had that is roughly 27 seconds. Total gun operations time: 4 minutes, 27 seconds.
Scenario #2 Glock 17: The fire rate for the Glock is the same (as fast as you can pull the trigger) so we will still have 4 minutes actual firing time. Reload time is actually a little quicker but we’ll say it’s the same. With 10 round magazines he would have to reload 20 times. At 4 seconds each that’s 1 minute, 20 seconds. Total gun operation time: 5 minutes, 20 seconds.
So, it appears Mr. Grayson’s claim that only 3 or 4 people would have been killed had the evil “assault rifle” (a political buzzword only) been banned is also nonsense. With a display of his lack of knowledge it seems obvious he is grasping for political points at the expense of the death of 49 people. His is but one example of the sad politicization of a terrorist attack. When a major newspaper (using the term loosely) actually blames the NRA for a terrorist attack you know you’ve jumped the shark.
Remove every supposed “assault rifle” on the planet and a terrorist will use the Glock handgun. Remove all the Glocks and he’ll use a bomb. Remove all the bombs and he’ll use a pressure cooker. Remove all the pressure cookers and he’ll use box cutters.
Remember not to be distracted folks. The discussion of the weaponry used by a terrorist is meant to force you to look away from the fact that your government is failing to do the one thing that would help. Remove the terrorists.


Monster Hunter Rise 2022 Weapons Ranking
We have listed the weapons below according to their rating in different tiers; You can choose any weapon based on the monster’s power. The list of weapon tiers is divided into Tier S, Tier A and Tier B.
|B class||Insect Glaive|
Monster Hunter Rise Best Weapons
S Tier Weapons:
Tier S weapons are all user-friendly; They just swing their guns and aim for the best; The monster will be caught after an attack. These weapons allow you to defeat the monster quickly and with less armor.
The long sword is one of the best weapons in the game. Anyone with a long sword can easily catch the monster in minutes. Just smash the sword through the creature and one of the most powerful monsters in the hunt is trapped.
If you enjoy playing the game as a defender, a light bowgun is ideal for you. The bowgun is lighter and can be seen from a greater distance. The light bowgun is easy to use; You can use the structure of the game to protect yourself from monster attacks and then beat the monster when you find the way to it. The Blowgun is light, but its attacks will no doubt help you capture the monster. You can use this if you have low armor and want to defend yourself against a monster’s attack.
Since it is difficult to use, the heavy bowgun is placed at the end. The damage is significant, but it can only be used if you aim the creature correctly. You will miss the shot to finish off the monster if you deviate even one degree from the target. Avoid these weapons if you are a beginner and don’t know how to use them, or if you are unfamiliar with the structure and format of the game.
Tier A Weapons:
Tier A and Tier S differ only in one respect: using the Tier category weapons requires some additional skills and techniques to capture the monster at once.
The greatsword is the ideal weapon for men who like to pounce on monsters. The full blow of the mighty sword on the monster will contribute to its quick defeat. But if you don’t seize the opportunity, you’ll have to fight it again.
If you like playing Rush, this is another weapon. As the name suggests, the Switch Ax allows you to periodically switch your weapon from sword to ax and vice versa during an attack. The combined blow of the sword and ax will quickly defeat the beast.
The Charged Sword allows you to effortlessly execute the monster from a great distance. Beginners try to avoid these weapons as they are difficult to control.
The hunting horn is easy to use; just enter the same notes repeatedly and the horn will do the rest. This weapon is ideal for beginners as it is easy to handle and can be used from a distance.
B Tier Weapons:
The Instruct Glaive is a long range weapon. You need more precision to use this weapon. You can protect yourself from the monster’s onslaught and then hit the monster when you find a good position.
Guile is without a doubt one of the most effective tools to capture the beast. The reason for the grace is in the lower tier because the controls for the gaze are difficult to use. However, you worked hard to learn the movements of the gaze and now you can easily win a match against a monster.
The hammer is included in the top tier list because it is a short range weapon. To weaken the monster, you need to approach it and hit the creature’s weak spot to capture it. Unfortunately, it also requires a large number of hits from hammer monsters, which take time to catch.
The lance is easy to use and can be used even by inexperienced players to catch monsters. Lance’s attack is why he’s on the bottom row. It’s easy to use, but not very effective against monsters; The lance deals very little damage.
Do Monster Hunter Rise weapons have advantages and disadvantages?
Yes, all weapons have advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the player’s abilities change depending on the armament. Some players can defeat any monster with random players once they understand how to use the weapons and plan their next move. Once you master the weapons, you can defeat creatures.
How do I find the best weapon?
You must find the weapons that best suit your control style. Otherwise, you’ll use the different weapons without knowing how to use them and lose a match against the monster. The game structure is also beneficial for the player. If your weapon is slow and effective, you can hide behind it and attack the beast.


The viking Sword was never any ordinary weapon. In fact, swords were great symbols of a great warrior. Because these swords were not easy to make, they cost an arm and both legs. So, they were a great symbol of prestige and status. Owners were buried with their swords or they could as well be inherited.
Memories from Viking Age
The history of the Scandinavia and especially Norway cannot be fully told without mentioning something about the Viking age. History books are rich with a lot of details about how the Vikings sailed through Europe, traded, raided and almost colonised the territory where they operated.
So much can be debated about how the Vikings did whatever they did and what exactly pushed them into some of the tyrannical activities. Some people may as well not wish to remember the havoc and fear that this group wrecked in Europe. Despite whatever feeling one has about them based on the historical accounts, it is not possible to completely wish them away.
In Scandinavia, the history of the Vikings is still alive as if it was yesterday. It is in the legends, books tucked in the shelves, artifacts such as old ships, operations base and many more.
One important weapon from the Vikings age which needs keeps us all reminded of the Vikings is the Viking sword. At the mention of these swords, anyone who had a clue about the Viking age already knows how much these objects were regarded during that age.
Needless to say, a Vikings sword can only be compared to the high end cars of this age, probably a Ferrari or Lamborghini. In a nutshell, these swords drew their uniqueness from being shaper, stronger, and more flexible compared to any others.
Interesting features of the Vikings Sword
The famous Viking warriors had a Viking sword. It was single-handed and possessed a wide fuller at the bottom of a blade’s length. The blades were approximately 30 inches long, while others were shorter or longer. Besides, they weighed less than 3lbs.
Viking swords were the most deadly and efficient weapons. In addition, they were highly valued as the Nordic owners would pass them to the next generations. During middle age, the Viking swords were so expensive because making them needed great skills to make them.
History of the Viking Swords
Viking swords refer to cold weapons made from the 8th to 11th century. Since a shield was the art of warriors’ equipment, the sword was supposed to be cool to wield and one-handed. A feature for most of the swords was to be short amid the guard and pommel to tightly fit.
With time, Viking smithery industrialised, and the form, size, and shape hilt changed. The change made it easy for historians to preserve the swords since each season had a prevailing and specific style. Even with the developments, steel manufacturing was not left behind. New techniques and technologies of steel manufacturing enhanced the development of narrow blades as shown below.
The way the Viking swords were made
During the Viking age, making a light, flexible, and strong sword was not easy. Thus, a skilled blacksmith having the correct materials was needed. Archeological findings have shown that there are inferior swords, and it means that hiring a Blacksmith was expensive.
The skilled Blacksmith during that period utilized pain-staking technique referred to as pattern welding in making a sword. The process entailed twisting and heating different kinds of iron bars as well as welding them slowly to the blade. The pattern welding technique made the blade flexible, strong, and beautiful.
What the Viking Warriors did in maintaining their swords
The Viking warriors used their swords in performing several actions. With time, even the strong swords turned to be dented, dull, and broken. Archeological evidence confirms that there are some swords, which were repaired. The ones that were broken into two were well welded together.
The Vikings were supposed to frequently sharpen their swords in making them ready for the battle. Most of the warriors sharpened them by themselves, although there were professionals who did the job perfectly well. Sometimes, during the battle, some swords would bend and break, but the Norsemen could straighten them.
Materials and decoration
The swords’ hilts were of different shapes and were made of antler, bone, as well as precious metals, including silver and gold. During that time, the sword was expensive and more effort was placed on the handle decoration.
The pommel, which was the blade’s counterweight for the sword to balance, helped in displaying precious metals inlays. Moreover, the blade blood groves most of the time, running in the middle. The saved valuable metal also made the sword to be light.
Swords as offerings and gifts
The Viking swords were introduced during the Viking period, and they are usually present in some burials. Most of the people of high status were usually buried with Viking swords, and it happened during the Viking age. It is important to know that not all the Viking warriors had swords because they were prestigious weapons that only a few people could afford.
The Viking swords were given as presents or gifts to individuals of high status in staying on good terms with them. Apart from being used as gifts, they were sacrificed in bogs and lakes. Most of the swords during the Viking age were found in the cross-rivers.
The popular sword brands
The main Viking sword brands were Ulfberht and Ingelrii. The two brands mainly represented two great blacksmith workshops. The brands appeared for a long period, maybe because the Blacksmith passed their knowledge to their sons. The Vikings believed that the swords from the two primary brands were superior as compared to the others.
The Ulfberht swords
They are approximately 170 medieval swords in Europe. They are dated from the 9th century to the 11th century and had blades inlaid with +VLFBERHT+ or +VLFBERH+T. Several bladesmiths used it for many centuries. It is also considered a strong Viking sword.
Ulfberht swords were made from high carbon steel with no inclusion of slag. In addition, they were strong and flexible. It was not stuck in a material when striking an armor or shield. Its durability made sure that it withstood several hits.
Most of the Ulfberht swords were from Rhineland. Besides, the Frankish origin is mainly assumed to be Norway, but other people believed that they were from Germany due to the high arsenic present in the iron.
Number and distribution
There were about 170 Ulfberht swords in Northern Europe. About 44 of the swords came from Norway, while approximately 31 of them came from Finland. Even with these numbers, the number of swords is still debatable due to the fragmentary conditions of some.
The swords came later after the introduction of Ulfberht swords. They came during the 11th century. Although it had the same qualities as Ulfberht swords, it was not so superior. Besides, it consisted of approximately 20 medieval swords.
Some of the good sword blades, which the Vikings acquired, were imported from Rhine areas. The blades had an inscription of “ULFBERTH,” name an indication of the best swords manufactured from steel of high quality during that time.
The Ulfberth swords were considered the master. The reason is that they produced swords in the Frankish empire from the 9th to 11th century. The swords became so popular during that moment that a ban was put on for their exportation.
The ban on exportation was placed as the Vikings had access to the high-quality swords that were helpful in ravaging the Frankish empire coastal region. Due to the ban, the neighboring territories commenced producing similar swords, and they even copied the name “ULFBERTH.” Unfortunately, they were of lower quality than the ones that were initially produced.


Elijah 'Eli' Thompson is a former military officer and a certified firearms instructor. He has extensive experience with various types of firearms and is well-versed in the gun laws of all 50 states. Eli believes in responsible gun ownership and enjoys teaching others about firearm safety and regulations.
- Smart guns are firearms equipped with technology to prevent unauthorized use, reducing accidents and theft.
- New Jersey has a law that requires gun retailers to offer smart guns for sale once available.
- Existing firearms can potentially be retrofitted with smart technology, but compliance with laws is important.
- Smart gun laws could impact gun owners' rights and raise concerns about reliability and privacy.
- Stay informed about smart gun laws in your state and prioritize responsible gun ownership.
The intersection of technology and legislation often serves as a crucible for innovation, debate, and societal change. In the realm of firearms, this intersection is vividly illustrated by the emergence of smart guns—firearms equipped with technology designed to prevent unauthorized use. As these weapons inch closer to mainstream availability, they bring with them a host of legal implications that could redefine gun ownership in America.
The Genesis and Mechanisms of Smart Gun Technology
Smart guns, also known as personalized or childproof guns, integrate technological safety features that authenticate the identity of the user before enabling the firing mechanism. This technology aims to reduce accidental shootings, stolen gun misuse, and potentially suicide rates. Biometric sensors, RFID chips, and PIN code systems are some examples of how these firearms verify authorized users.
While the concept has been around for decades, recent advancements have brought us closer than ever to seeing smart guns on shelves. However, as with any disruptive innovation, it's imperative that we understand not only its capabilities but also its limitations and vulnerabilities.
Navigating the Legal Landscape
As states across the nation grapple with varying gun laws, smart guns introduce new variables into an already complex legal framework. Some states have preemptively passed legislation regarding smart guns; New Jersey's Childproof Handgun Law is a notable example. This law mandates that once smart guns are available for purchase in the United States, all handguns sold in New Jersey must be "smart."
Understanding Smart Gun Technology and State Law Compliance
Such laws raise questions about consumer choice and market impact—will traditional firearms become obsolete? Or will they coexist alongside their high-tech counterparts? The answers may depend on future legislation which could be influenced by public opinion and lobbying efforts from both pro-gun and gun control advocates.
The Impact on Gun Owners and Manufacturers
For gun owners, smart guns promise an added layer of security but also raise concerns over reliability and government overreach. Will reliable access to one's firearm be compromised in critical situations? Could these technologies pave the way for more intrusive regulations?
Smart Gun Pros & Cons
- Enhanced Safety - Smart guns can prevent accidental shootings and unauthorized use, potentially reducing gun-related injuries and deaths.
- Personalization - Smart guns offer personalized user recognition, ensuring that only authorized users can fire the weapon.
- Theft Deterrent - The technology can render stolen guns inoperable, thus deterring theft and illegal gun trafficking.
- Technology Reliability - Concerns about the reliability of smart guns in critical situations could pose risks to the user.
- Cost Implications - The advanced technology in smart guns may make them more expensive than traditional firearms, affecting affordability for consumers.
- Legislative Challenges - Smart gun adoption could be hindered by complex legislation and resistance from certain consumer groups and lobbyists.
- Privacy Concerns - The data collected by smart guns could raise privacy issues, with fears over tracking and data breaches.
- Market Resistance - Traditional gun owners may resist smart guns, preferring conventional firearms over technology-reliant weapons.
Manufacturers face their own set of challenges as they navigate this new frontier. The cost of research and development is steep, and there's no guarantee of a return on investment unless consumers embrace these products. Furthermore, manufacturers must consider how to integrate these technologies without infringing upon existing patents—a nontrivial concern in a highly competitive market.
Consumer Interest in Smart Guns by Demographic
In conclusion—though we're not quite there yet—the first half of this discussion underscores that while smart guns hold potential for enhancing safety and possibly reducing certain types of firearm-related incidents, they are entangled within a complex web of state laws that will ultimately shape their place in society.
Understanding Smart Gun Legislation
As technology advances, smart guns are becoming more than just a concept; they are becoming a reality that could change the landscape of gun safety and ownership. Test your knowledge on the current state laws regarding smart guns and see how well you understand the legal implications of this emerging technology.
Smart Gun Technology: The Pros and Cons
Smart guns, equipped with safety features such as fingerprint recognition and electronic locking systems, are designed to prevent unauthorized use. These innovations could potentially reduce firearm accidents and gun thefts. However, the integration of technology in firearms also raises concerns regarding reliability, cost, and privacy. With the current gun laws in the United States varying from state to state, the adoption of smart guns could be uneven and contentious.
The debate around smart guns is not just about safety but also about personal freedom and market viability. While some gun owners welcome the added security measures, others fear that technological failures could make self-defense weapons unreliable when most needed. Moreover, the added cost of smart technology could make firearms less accessible for law-abiding citizens who rely on them for protection.
Legislative Hurdles for Smart Gun Adoption
Legislation surrounding smart guns is still in its infancy. In states like New Jersey, laws have been proposed that would require all firearms sold in the state to be "smart" once they are available on a wide scale. This has led to a significant backlash from Second Amendment advocates who view such mandates as an infringement on their rights. The evolving gun laws in New York also provide a glimpse into how complex the integration of smart gun technology into legislation can be.
State-by-State Comparison of Smart Gun Legislation Stance
Understanding these legislative nuances is crucial for both manufacturers aiming to bring smart guns to market and consumers considering their purchase. As an expert in this field, I encourage readers to stay informed about proposed or passed firearms regulations, especially those pertaining to new technologies.
The Impact on Gun Owners and Manufacturers
The potential widespread adoption of smart guns will undoubtedly impact both gun owners and manufacturers. Manufacturers will need to navigate a maze of new regulations while investing heavily in research and development. Gun owners may have to contend with retrofitting existing firearms or purchasing new ones altogether if future laws mandate smart technology.
Understanding Smart Gun Technology and Your Rights
For those deeply invested in their Second Amendment rights, it's important to consider how these changes might affect them personally. It's not just about compliance; it's about understanding one's role in promoting responsible gun ownership within a rapidly changing technological landscape.
In conclusion, as we stand at the intersection of innovation and regulation, it is imperative that we proceed with both caution and optimism. The advent of smart guns presents an opportunity to enhance public safety while respecting individual freedoms—but only if we can navigate the complex legal environment effectively.
Illuminating Reads on Firearm Legislation and Smart Gun Innovations
"The future of firearms lies not only within advancements in technology but also within our ability to responsibly integrate these innovations into our society."
To further expand your knowledge on this topic and explore how different states are tackling the issue of firearm regulation, you might find our visual guide helpful: Comparing Gun Laws by State: A Visual Guide with Maps.
Understanding Smart Guns and State Law
This interactive quiz will test your knowledge on the emerging technology of smart guns and the various state law implications associated with them. Smart guns are designed to improve gun safety by incorporating features that allow only authorized users to fire the weapon. As legislation tries to keep pace with technological advancements, understanding the intersection of smart guns and law is crucial.
Your voice matters in this ongoing discussion around firearms legislation. Whether you're a staunch advocate for gun rights or a supporter of stricter controls, staying informed is key. Let's continue this conversation responsibly, ensuring that any changes made serve to protect our communities without compromising our constitutional rights.


Per the Assault Weapons Bans in Connecticut, “Avtomat Kalashnikov AK 47 type” weapons are banned by name. Unique to the other name bans as this is a “type ban”, in our context this means that no matter the semi-automatic configuration, ANY “Avtomat Kalashnikov AK 47 type” weapons are prohibited from possession. See the 2013 assault weapons definition here. It has been determined by multiple FFLs that the Yugo-pattern AK’s (Zastava Arms M92, M85, M70, M90, M77, etc…) pass this test and are legal to sell in the state of Connecticut when modified to pass the feature test.
So, what defines an AK-type weapon? Used in several court cases over the years, there is a “tripartite test” that the State Police can use to distinguish whether something is/isn’t an “AK-type” weapon. 1. Parts interchangeability, 2. Functionality, 3. Appearance. When held to the standard of this test, all Yugo-pattern AK’s meet 2 of these standards: functionality and appearance. Just like the AK 47, any of the Yugo AK’s use a long stroke gas operating system. The Yugos also sport a very similar appearance to it’s Russian cousins, while subjective… they are certainly aesthetically identify-able as “an AK of sorts”. Having failed two parts of the tripartite test, the Yugo AK’s pass this test on the grounds of parts interchangeability. Let’s break that down further.
Many AK’s across the world are built on what’s referred to as a “stamped receiver”, which effectively amounts to a piece of sheet steel that’s bent and finished. All of the Russian-spec AK’s are built on a 1mm thickness receiver, whilst the Yugo-spec AK’s are built on a 1.5mm thickness receiver. The Yugo AK’s also all feature a “bulged” receiver/front trunnion which is a familiar characteristic of the RPK. In the context of this article, a 1.5mm bulged receiver as opposed to a 1mm receiver means that there is a vast difference in various other components in the firearm. The front/rear trunnions that retain the barrel/stock are not interchangeable because of this difference in the receiver.
With this unique trunnion brought by the unique receiver, the Yugo-spec AK’s also have barrels that are turned to a different diameter than Russian-spec AK’s. This means that the gas block, front sight block, and many of the other components are not interchangeable. The Yugo-spec AK’s also feature a distinctly different handguard, slightly longer with three ports on either side as opposed to two.
To quickly spot a Yugo AK as opposed to a Russian, simply look for the three ports on the handguard and bulged trunnion.
Want a CT-legal Yugo-pattern AK? Come to the shop and plan your build today!


ABILENE, TX — Dyess Air Force Base has announced it will be a base for the B-21 Raider bomber aircraft. Back in 2018, the base was selected as a candidate to house the long-range stealth bomber.
According to Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office Director Randall Walden, "The built-in feature of open systems architecture on the B-21 makes the bomber effective as the threat environment evolves. This aircraft design approach sets the nation on the right path to ensuring America’s enduring airpower capability.”
“Through award-winning community support and the most capable Airmen in the Armed Forces, Dyess Air Force Base has uniquely positioned itself as an indispensable weapon in our national defense arsenal,” said Congressman Jodey Arrington (CD-19).
“I am proud the Air Force recognized Dyess’ proven ability to command the skies by selecting our base to enter the final stage of the process to house the next generation of bomber aircraft, the B-21 Raider. The B-1s and C-130Js at Dyess play an ever-expanding role in our national security and humanitarian efforts, and as overseas tensions continue to escalate, the B-21 will ensure our military can continue to project American strength around the globe abroad," he said in a statement.


Noun(1) thick end of the handle(2) the part of a plant from which the roots spring or the part of a stalk or trunk nearest the roots(3) a victim of ridicule or pranks(4) the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on(5) sports equipment consisting of an object set up for a marksman or archer to aim at(6) finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking(7) a joint made by fastening ends together without overlapping(8) a large cask (especially one holding a volume equivalent to 2 hogsheads or 126 gallons(9) the small unused part of something (especially the end of a cigarette that is left after smoking
Verb(1) lie adjacent to another or share a boundary(2) to strike, thrust or shove against(3) place end to end without overlapping
(1) He put the gun butt to his shoulder and started trying to finish the job by shooting at the ambassador, who was not going down without a fight.(2) However, the joints at the ends of the siding where the pieces butt into one another should fall over a stud.(3) Michael took a long draw on his cigarette, dropped it and ground the butt under the heel of his boot.(4) On a good uptide rod, the reel seat will be positioned about 25-ins above the butt cap.(5) a rifle butt(6) The gun is short enough that in such a holster, properly made, neither grip tang nor butt protrudes at the front.(7) You don't have to be an expert in martial arts to use a head butt effectively.(8) his singing is the butt of dozens of jokes(9) The cedar butt has a large capacity of 65 gallons (approx).(10) The visitors were left off the hook a minute later when Dara O'Cinneide chipped up a ball that was sent in by Moynihan and, after infiltrating the cover, his low shot hit the butt of the post.(11) One of his hands ran down her back to rest next to the other, right above her butt .(12) Always walk up to the side of the target butt , so as to not to accidentally walk into the rear of the arrows lodged in the target.(13) a butt joint(14) So now I'm looking ridiculous falling on my butt again and again.(15) Don't allow text to butt up against graphic elements on your site or photographs, etc.(16) But if you didn't butt your way toward the front of the line, you wouldn't get there.
(1) butt in :: lempundu ku
1. target ::
2. stock ::
3. stub ::
4. stern ::
5. laughingstock ::
6. butt joint ::
7. coffin nail ::
8. butt end ::
9. adjoin ::
10. ram ::
11. bunt ::
Different Formsbutt, butted, buttes, butting, butts
English to Xhosa Dictionary: butt
Meaning and definitions of butt, translation in Xhosa language for butt with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of butt in Xhosa and in English language.
Tags for the entry "butt"
What butt means in Xhosa, butt meaning in Xhosa, butt definition, examples and pronunciation of butt in Xhosa language.


The Atomic AM76 is a very strong gun that starts appearing around rank 45. It is VERY RARE. Even though it starts appearing in boxes at rank 45, most players find on about 10 ranks later. As it can do many different types of damage, this gun is the most adaptable gun. Ever. Left click for full auto energy projectiles, Middle click for semi-auto toxic projectiles, and right click for semi-auto flaming projectiles.
What is unique about this gun is the way it shoots. When you shoot at a zombie, the bullet comes from ouside the gun. How? When you shoot and there are no zombies in your way, you're gonna hit a wall, right? The bullet comes from the wall and hits the zombie in the back. A boss behind a bunch of bloaters? This gun. If there are no zombies, it just comes back to where you shot it and dissipates. This gun is a force to be reckoned with.
However, with every pro, there comes a con. The low capacity and slow reload time makes you reload all the time, slowly. The fairly low damage makes this gun nothing without deadly. And don't forget the movement penalty...
Even with all those cons, it's still a good gun, and the adaptability is stunning.
- Ammo Cost: $325 for 100 normal ammo, $1300 for 100 high damage ammo. [RED] is 10X ammo price.
- Damage: 75 Damage for energy projectiles, 80 damage for fire and poison projectiles. [RED] is 150 Energy and 160 others.
- Pierce: 2, 3 [RED].
- Fire Rate: 3 RPS for energy, 2.5 RPS for chemical, and 1.5 RPS for thermal.
- Reload Speed: 4.1 seconds
- Capacity: 12
- Damage Over Time: 50 per second for poison, stops after 5 seconds. 40 Per second for fire, and stops after 6 seconds.
- Movement Penalty: -30%
- Firing Mode: Full auto for energy, semi auto for chemical and thermal.


Lionsteel T.R.E. G10 Folding Knife(Used)
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Lionsteel's T.R.E. G10 Folding Knife has a titanium frame lock and pocket clip, and features an ultra-fast opening action.
This used knife is in Excellent Condition.
Features of the T.R.E. G10 knife by lionSTEEL
T.R.E. G10 by lionSTEEL, technical specifications
- Brand = Lionsteel
- Color = Orange
- Material = Steel/Titanium
Item ID: 147164