Jane's Information Group. The Sterling Submachine Gun. Weapon March American Rifleman. The Bazooka. Army Concept Team in Vietnam. National Army Museum. Combat Aircraft Huey Cobra Gunships. New Vanguard Retrieved 16 January Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Communications Security; the David G. April 3, Retrieved 8 December Darrin 22 October Military Surplus Magazine. Imperial War Museum. Retrieved 19 February Small Arms Defense Journal.
Retrieved 27 July Boyne David 29 November Mauser Military Rifles of the World. Iola: Gun Digest Books. Small Arms Review. June The Browning Automatic Rifle. Vietnam Magazine. Retrieved 21 December A method of manufacturing solventless double-base powder by a dry-extrusion process had been developed in the late s by the British. This produced much thicker-webbed, and therefore longer-burning, grains but required enormously heavy presses to extrude or compact and force out the powder into the desired shape.
In American scientists split into two schools of thought on the relative merits of solvent and solventless double-base powders for rockets. Charles C. Lauritsen of the California Institute of Technology, and in vice chairman of one of the NDRC divisions, had been much impressed by British rocket work and strongly recommended dry-extruded powders. Though at that time no facilities existed in the United States for producing it, the Navy, with contracts let through NDRC to the California Institute of Technology, chose to focus efforts on obtaining thick-webbed solventless types.
The Ordnance Department, on the other hand, agreed with the views of Dr. Clarence N. Hickman advocated use of wet-extruded powder because of the shorter burning time and greater strength of the thin-webbed grains produced by this process. Quite apart from theoretical advantages, the urgency of quickly getting some usable type led Ordnance to center its program about solvent powder. Wet-extruded propellant was made by suspending the powder in a solvent that swelled the nitrocellulose to make a dough. The dough was forced through dies to form sticks, or grains, of powder from which evaporation then dried the solvent.
As satisfactory drying to produce flawless grains could be obtained only with thin-webbed powder, it was clearly necessary to use a number of small grains in each rocket in order to get a sufficiently heavy. That, in turn, complicated the problem of designing a trap to hold the series of powder sticks in the rocket motor, so that unburned portions of the grains would not be ejected by the high-pressure gases in front of the motor ends. Leslie A. Skinner of the Ordnance Department and Dr. The centrally perforated powder sticks were then hung on these wires. The wires had rivet heads to hold them in the scalloped ring.
Development of a new powder composition made into a single thick-webbed grain with a redesigned trap to hold it in place promised to be satisfactory. Early in , indeed, powder chemists found several new chemical compositions that offered advantages over the types originally employed. The new were slower burning, operated at lower pressures, and were therefore usable at a wider range of temperatures. Moreover, they could be produced by either the solvent or the solventless process.
Before the new compositions were available, the fast-burning propellants tended to develop such high pressures within the motor tubes as to make them unsafe to use at very high temperatures. Premature explosions close to the launcher endangered life and limb of the user and friendly troops in the vicinity. At low temperatures the rocket might fail to ignite or might burn only intermittently. In fact, frequent motor failures in the 4,5-inch rocket, standardized in September as the M8, obliged the Ordnance Department to discontinue mass production in June and restudy the design.
As reducing the amount of propellant presented the alternative of lowering the pay load proportionately or else of lessening the range, designers undertook to strengthen the motors without increasing their weight. The birth of the bazooka merits attention for several reasons. The weapon was an innovation. It combined great fire power with great simplicity. It met quite admirably a particular need. It was designed, produced, and placed in the hands of troops in record time.
And, perhaps because of its spectacular features, the tale of how it took shape has been confused by rival claimants for credit. The bazooka and the bazooka rocket came about in a rather devious fashion. Munroe as early as , when he discovered that shaping high explosive with a hollow cone at its forward end focused the explosive waves on one point and thus gave greater penetration per unit weight of the explosive.
The innovation embodied in the bazooka lay in the combination and adaptation of these well-known principles and basic inventions, which imagination and skill converted into a practical new weapon. The design was steadily improved upon as production of the first models went forward. Rockets, today part and parcel of the accepted equipment of national defense, were little considered in America between and ; they were superseded when rifled artillery offered greater accuracy of fire.
Though signal rockets were widely used during World War I, only one man endeavored to revive interest in rockets as a supplement to conventional artillery fire. That man, Dr. Robert H. Goddard, Professor of Physics at Clark University, was the true father of modern rocketry. In the fall of this gifted physicist offered the Ordnance Department the fruits of his investigations: a 1-inch, a 2-inch, and a 3-inch tube launcher, each 5. Goddard had to use a wick fuze in place of the electric firing mechanism, which he had not had time to perfect, and solid sticks of powder instead of nitroglycerine sticks with a single perforation.
Goddard died without receiving any acclaim for this pioneering work, though comparison of his rocket gun with the bazooka adopted twenty-four years later shows how closely the model approximated the later weapon. Only the circumstance that Dr. Hickman, then a young Ph. In the US Army created a one-man rocket unit by assigning Capt. Skinner to study the possible use of rockets. Skinner was handicapped by limited funds to expend on research and.
Hence, before the project made little headway.
The British, on the other hand, in the mid-thirties perceived the potential usefulness of rocket barrages against aircraft, where volume and power of fire might compensate for lack of accuracy. By the time of the London blitz the British had developed rockets that took some toll of the Nazi bombers and fighters. The Navy in September requested NDRC to undertake a jet-propulsion research program, and in December the Army, urged on by the British experience, made a similar request.
At the same time the Ordnance Department purchased British rockets and a projector for study. Thus, the American rocket program was born. The 2. It grew out of the search for a way to use a shaped-charge projectile that an individual soldier could fire from the shoulder. The first shaped-charge projectile to get serious consideration from the Army was the rifle grenade designed by Henri Mohaupt. The spigot launcher resting on the ground much like a mortar had the serious drawback of dispersing the fire widely.
Firing the grenade with blank cartridges from a rifle or from a.
The heavy recoil severely damaged the guns. Kessenich, already familiar with the details of the Mohaupt shaped charge, conceived the idea that the basic faults of the antitank grenade could be remedied by converting the grenade into a rocket. Using a rocket made with a hollow charge and launched from a shoulder projector that an individual soldier could carry and fire would give the destructive effect of the grenade but would eliminate both the high-angle trajectory and the breakage of the rifle stock that made the M10 antitank grenade unsatisfactory.
Early in August Kessenich, armed with sketches embodying his idea, presented his proposal to Col. Wiley T. Moore, chief of the engineering group of the Small Arms Division. The sketches and a copy of the Westfaelisch Patent of , which covered the hollow charge phases of the plan, Kessenich accordingly turned over to Major Skinner. Edward G. Uhl, were collaborating with Navy experts and a group of civilian scientists under Dr. Hickman of NDRC. Some months later Major Skinner completed a first conversion of the M10 grenade by adding a rocket element to the base of the grenade.
About the same time Lieutenant Uhl completed a tube launcher. The Bazooka. The original 2. The handle contained dry batteries to supply energy electrically to ignite the rocket motor. In April Colonel Moore, then at Frankford Arsenal, produced a factory-made inch launcher and factory-made parts for the converted grenade. He improvised a sight by using a piece of nail found on the ground.
The effectiveness of the rocket with dummy heads fired at a moving tank impressed the onlookers. A few days later a formal demonstration was held at Camp Sims, D. British observers now opened negotiation for samples and Russian military staff members present at this trial immediately requested that they be supplied with some. General Marshall at once issued verbal orders that 5, launchers and 25, antitank and 5, practice rockets be procured. The E. Budd Company made the rockets.
On 30 June the Ordnance Committee formally standardized the 2. The bazooka is thus an example of a cooperatively developed weapon in which the Army, Navy, and civilian agencies all played a part. It provided a powerful addition to infantry armament. The projected rockets could penetrate three inches of homogeneous steel armor plate at an angle of impact up to 30 degrees from normal, and retain full penetrative power up to their maximum range of yards. Fired against masonry, girders, railroad tracks, or heavy timber, as well as against armor plate, they were highly destructive.
While improvements upon both rocket and launcher were admittedly necessary, the first models were satisfactory enough to warrant obsoletion of the original antitank grenade from which the rocket had derived. Orders for , rockets were placed in June and in July for 75, launchers to be completed by the end of the year. Modifications of design of rocket fins and launcher sights were incorporated into the production units as these orders were filled.
More drastic changes soon became necessary. Misfires obtained with the original type of ignition squib led first to substitution of a new type, but by May reports of serious malfunctions had become so frequent that the services were instructed to suspend use of the rocket pending investigation. The Ordnance Technical Committee recommended a new design of rocket motor body, using a different steel in the stabilizer tube and employing a new type of powder trap and fuze-base cover.
Still more important as a safety measure was reduction of the propellant. Extensive tests showed that powder sticks cut from 23 inches to With these changes approved, the standard bazooka rocket was designated the M6A1, the practice rocket the M7A1. Teams equipped with the new parts, materials, tools, and repair kits to make the modifications of both rockets and launchers were sent to the active theatres in July Substitution of copper cones for steel resulted from discovery that copper cones obtained about 30 percent greater armor penetration than the steel cones of identical design.
Because rockets were relatively little known weapons, improvements often hinged upon fresh basic research. Hence, at the request of the Ordnance. Department, the Bureau of Standards in the summer and fall of conducted a number of wind-tunnel tests of fin assemblies, and Picatinny Arsenal investigated ignition characteristics calculated to give the most dependable functioning of the 2. Fuzes also required careful study.
Experiments to develop a whole series of special bazooka rockets—smoke, incendiary, chemical, and others—brought about standardization of the M10, a smoke rocket, but no others. Joint efforts of the Atlas Powder, DuPont, Hercules, and American Cyanamid Companies improved rocket powders, while concerns assigned contracts to develop experimental components or assemblies, particularly fuzes, added to the knowledge of what new features were desirable or attainable by mass-production methods.
Throughout the war the scientists of NDRC and the universities with which they contracted were amassing data on explosives that were invaluable in all phases of the rocket program. The success of the 2. The resulting T59 unhappily proved in tests to be dangerous to the user and quickly became a bone of contention between scientists of NDRC and the Ordnance Department. The first experimental model, the T80, was charged with 1.
Weapons of the Vietnam War
Though it obtained longer range and higher velocity than the standard bazooka rocket, it fell short of that achieved by the T59 with its eight pounds of pentolite. Yet the cyclotol in the T80 would, research men believed, ensure penetration of 8-inch homogeneous armor plate. Static, flight, and penetration tests in March supplied data on which to base a revised design, but V-J Day arrived before this was proved.
Once the projectile had reached its target, the final job was to do the greatest possible damage. The rate of speed at which the projectile was traveling at the moment of burst was of course important, but the ultimate result was determined by the quality of the ammunition itself. Some German ammunition was of better quality than American because it was more perfectly fabricated. But it had to have more exacting machining and more careful. To increase fire power by otherwise improving the effectiveness of the projectile was a continuing problem for the Ordnance Department. Experts in terminal ballistics attempted to solve it in several ways.
One was to improve the fuze. Another was to use a more powerful explosive in the warhead or to use an old explosive in a new way, applying the shaped-charge principle. And with specific targets in mind, designers devised special types of projectiles having the mass, size, and mechanical strength required to defeat different kinds of enemy defenses. Extensive work in the s and s had produced several families of fuzes adapted to use in any caliber artillery shell. Time fuzes did not require impact but were set by turning a time ring before firing. As the shell left the muzzle, a time element, either a clockwork mechanism or a slow powder train, began to work, and the fuze functioned at the moment it had been set for.
Time fuzes were valuable for fragmentation effect, for smoke or illuminating shells, and especially for antiaircraft fire. Impact fuzes, used against targets of varying degrees of resistance, were of several types: supersensitive, superquick, nondelay, delay, or a combination of these. Supersensitive action was necessary against insubstantial targets such as airplane fabric. Against more solid targets, superquick fuzes were used when penetration was not desired, nondelay for detonation at the moment of penetration, and delay—usually of.
Fuzes need not be single purpose, though many were. Selective-type fuzes could be adjusted in the field for more than one kind of action, such as superquick and delay, or time and superquick. For example, the M48 fuze, used with the mm. In all fuzes, mechanical safeguards restrained the firing pin until the right moment for detonation arrived. When the gun fired, the sudden and violent forces arising from acceleration removed one set of safeguarding devices. In flight the centrifugal force of the shell as it rotated about its longitudinal axis removed the last set of safeguards and the fuze was armed, that is, free to function.
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Engineers strove with some success to adapt the fuzes developed before to the tactical situations of World War II. The chief problem, determining the most effective delay times, was difficult to solve because the resistance of targets varied greatly. The M67 mechanical time fuze could be set for a delay of 75 seconds, but as it depended on the turning of gears in flight and had no provision for detonating on impact it was unsatisfactory for neutralization. But the maximum range of the M54 was only 25 seconds. The problem of how to triple that range was not fully solved when the war ended.
The most important point-detonating fuze developed during the war was a radical departure from other types, as it had a steel nose that adapted high-explosive ammunition to concrete-piercing uses. Since designers had been trying to find a way to destroy fortifications made of concrete reinforced with steel bars, such as the Siegfried Line. Against such targets, standard high-explosive shells would throw the fuze and become duds. Armor-piercing ammunition, based-fuzed, though better, lacked enough power to remove earth or sandbags placed in front of the concrete, to blow the reinforcing bars and debris from the impact area, or to cause large enough craters to make successive hits effective.
The best solution was a completely new high-explosive shell with a base-detonating fuze. But that meant a new round for each weapon, further complicating the already complicated ammunition situation, and long delay in getting ammunition to troops. A more expedient answer was a steel nose fuze that could be attached to high-explosive rounds already in the field.
George G. Eddy began the development at Aberdeen in the summer of Tests against prototypes of West Wall fortifications showed the most practical design to be a fuze body made of molybdenum steel, heat treated for greater strength, with the delay assembly of the M48 and M51 fuzes and a modified booster. Developed in a matter of weeks, the steel nose fuze, standardized as the M78, was rushed to General Devers in Africa and successfully tried out at Cassino.
Later it helped to breach the Siegfried Line and the log-and-earth bunkers encountered in the Pacific. The concrete-piercing fuze and the long-delay superquick time fuze were examples of developments to meet new tactical conditions and new targets. It was used only by the U. Marine Corps. Japan produced a self-propelled gun called the Type 60 , which carried two side by side. Some Pakistani Ms have a dual mounting. Three Panagopoulos coastal patrol boats class of the Hellenic Coast Guard and the Hellenic Navy in service of was armed with two sextuples M The term "fixed" means that the projectile and the cartridge case are crimped together.
This ensures correct alignment of the projectile and the cartridge case. It also permits faster loading because the projectile and the cartridge case are loaded as one unit. The rear end of the cartridge case is perforated, to allow the propellant gas to escape through the vented breech, thus neutralizing recoil.
Most projectiles except HEAT used are pre-engraved, that is, the rotating bands are cut to engage the rifled bore. The original U. The ammunition for the M8C spotting rifle is not. Although the spotting rifle could conceivably be used in an antipersonnel role, historic U. However, this restriction is believed to be the source of a long-standing misconception that the laws of war restrict the use of.
Intended primarily as an anti-tank weapon, it could also be employed in an antipersonnel role with the use of an antipersonnel-tracer flechette round. Sergeant Reckless, a decorated war horse serving with a US Marine Corps recoilless rifle platoon in the Korean War, stands beside a 75mm recoilless rifle The M20 recoilless rifle is a U.
It could be fired from an MA1. Although the weapon proved ineffective against the T tank during the Korean War and most other tanks, it was used primarily as a close infantry support weapon to engage all types of targets including infantry and lightly armored vehicles.
The M20 proved useful against pillboxes and other types of field fortifications. Its poor armor penetration by the HEAT round was because of it being a spin-stabilized. An M40 recoilless rifle on its M79 "wheelbarrow" tripod. Diagram of the operation of a recoilless rifle using a vented case. A recoilless rifle, recoilless launcher or recoilless gun, sometimes abbreviated "RR" or "RCL" for ReCoilLess  is a type of lightweight artillery system or man-portable launcher that is designed to eject some form of countermass such as propellant gas from the rear of the weapon at the moment of firing, creating forward thrust that counteracts most of the weapon's recoil.
This allows for the elimination of much of the heavy and bulky recoil-counteracting equipment of a conventional cannon as well as a thinner-walled barrel, and thus the launch of a relatively large projectile from a platform that would not be capable of handling the weight or recoil of a conventional gun of the same size. Technically, only devices that use spin-stabilized projectiles fired from a rifled barrel are recoilless rifles, while smoothbore variants which can be fin-stabilized or unstabilized are reco.
Recoilless rifles are capable of firing artillery-type shells at reduced velocities comparable to those of standard cannon, but with greater accuracy than anti-tank weapons that used unguided rockets, and almost entirely without recoil. The M18 was a breech-loaded, single-shot, man-portable, crew-served weapon. It could be used in both anti-tank and anti-personnel roles. The weapon could be both shoulder fired or fired from a prone position. The T3 front grip doubled as an adjustable monopod and the two-piece padded T3 shoulder cradle could swing down and to the rear as a bipod for the gunner.
The most stable firing position was from the tripod developed for the water-cooled Browning M machine gun. Introduced in , it was one of the many recoilless rifle designs of that era. While similar weapons have generally disappeared from service, the Carl Gustaf is still being made and remains in widespread use today.
The Carl Gustaf is a lightweight, low-cost weapon that uses a wide range of ammunition, which makes it extremely flexible and suitable for a wide variety of roles. The weapon's name is frequently shortened. In Australia, it is. The ballistics of the spotting rifle are matched to those of the artillery piece, so that if a shot from the spotting rifle lands on the target, it may be assumed that the main weapon will also do so. Anti-tank recoilless rifles Spotting rifles were most commonly used with recoilless rifles as anti-tank artillery, from the s to the s.
These weapons are used for direct fire with line-of-sight visibility to the target. As recoilless rifles have a relatively low muzzle velocity and thus a high trajectory, accurate ranging is important An optical sight can measure the bearing to a target, but not easily or accurately measure the range. Optical rangefinders were too large for lightweight portable artillery, and the later development of laser rangefinders would in turn make spotting rifles obsolete.
It mounts two M40 mm recoilless rifles as its main armament. They were delivered in A second series of prototypes was built with 4 recoilless rifles, but adoption of the American M40 recoilless rifle forced the reversion to two weapons. The Type 60 was designed for ambush attacks against enemy tanks, and mounting four weapons gave the vehicle a rather high-profile. A third series of three heavier prototypes was built by Komatsu as SS4, with a more powerful engine, a new transmission and clutch and a two-speed auxiliary transmission.
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They were accepted into service in September. In , Indonesia placed an order for 28 Scout vehicles, as well as 22 Ranger armoured personnel carriers. Details of this vehicle, which is no longer manufactured or marketed are given in the armoured personnel carriers wheeled section. By early , a total of Scout 4 x 4 vehicles had been built by Cadillac Gage. There has been no recent production of the Scout, although marketing continues.
Description The welded hull of the Scout is made of special hardness Cadloy armour plate which will defeat at a minimum 7. The front, sides a. It could also be employed in an anti-personnel role with the use of the M antipersonnel round. It was designed to be fired primarily from the ground using the bipod and monopod, but could also be fired from the shoulder using the folded bipod as a shoulder rest and the monopod as a front grip.
The weapon was air-cooled and breech-loaded, and fired fixed ammunition. It is a direct fire weapon employing stadia lines to allow simple range finding, based on a typical tank target bridging the lines once in range. Nearly all United States-allied forces were armed with U. The Australian and New Zealand forces employed the 7. In addition, some. This museum is dedicated to the struggle for the independence of the Western Sahara people. The Equipment of the Singapore Army can be subdivided into: infantry weapons, vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicle UAV and radars to borders.
More on order to replace M APC. The L6 Wombat version was greatly lightened through the use of magnesium alloys. The Wombat was used by mobile units such as paratroopers and marines. It was envisioned that Wombat would be used in 'shoot and scoot' attacks mounted. It mounted six mm manually loaded M40 recoilless rifles as its main armament, which could be fired in rapid succession against single targets to guarantee a kill. Although the actual caliber of the main guns was mm it was designated mm to prevent confusion with the ammunition for the mm M27 recoilless rifle, which the M40 replaced.
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It was produced in limited numbers for the U. Marines after the U. Army cancelled the project. The Marines consistently reported excellent results when they used the Ontos for direct fire support against infantry in numerous battles and operations during the Vietnam War. The American stock of Ontos was largely expended towards the end of the conflict and the Ontos was removed from service in Development The Ontos Greek for "thing" project was created to be an air transportable tank destroyer capable of being.
The Jakkals can be deployed by land, lifted by helicopter, air dropped and delivered via aircraft. Weapons mounted on the Jakkals include the mm M40 recoilless rifle, M2 Browning heavy machine gun, various general purpose machine guns as well as acting as a tractor for the Valkiri-5 multiple rocket launcher or anti-aircraft guns such as the ZU It can also be deployed with a small trailer and used as a logistical support vehicle, especially for the mm mortars as with airborne artillery. It was manufactured by the Cadillac Division of General Motors in the early s. The M was designed to be fast and stealthy for use in the reconnaissance role.
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Like the larger M, it was amphibious and could be deployed by parachute. However, unlike the M which became one of the most successful armoured vehicles, it quickly proved unsuited to use in the Vietnam War, and was replaced in the reconnaissance role by the M Sheridan light tank. By , it had been branded a failure and retired from the US Army, but some were released as surplus and continue to be used by police departments.
Description The M was a lightweight, low-silhouette vehicle, designed to complement the M in command and reconnaissance roles. It looked like a sleeker, lower M Examples of various small-arms flechettes Scale in inches A flechette fleh-SHET is a pointed steel projectile with a vaned tail for stable flight. They have been used as ballistic weapons since World War I.
Delivery systems and methods of launching flechettes vary, from a single shot, to thousands in a single explosive round. The use of flechettes as antipersonnel weapons has been controversial, and is considered by some to be a human rights violation. Top: early forged steel design; Bottom: later lathe-turned steel design Later the U. Land Rover is a British brand of four-wheel drive cars, that exclusively offers premium and luxury sport utility vehicles, owned by multinational car manufacturer Jaguar Land Rover, which has been owned by India's Tata Motors since Over time, it grew into its own brand, and for a while also a company , encompassing a consistently growing range of four-wheel drive, off-road capable models.
Starting with the much more upmarket Range Rover, and subsequent introductions of the mid-range Discovery and entry-level Freelander line, in and The Battle of Longewala 4—7 December was one of the first major engagements in the western sector during the Indo-Pakistani War of , fought between assaulting Pakistani forces and Indian defenders at the Indian border post of Longewala, in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan state in India.
The battle was fought between Indian soldiers accompanied by 4 Hunter fighter aircraft and Pakistani soldiers accompanied by tanks. A Company reinforced of the Indian Army's 23rd Battalion, Punjab Regiment, commanded by Major Kuldip Singh Chandpuri, was left with the choice of either attempting to hold out until reinforced, or fleeing on foot from a mechanised infantry Pakistani force.
He was also fortunate in that an Indian Air Force forward air controller was able to secure and direct aircraft in support. Davy Crockett was a recoilless gun on a tripod for firing the M atomic round The M or M Davy Crockett Weapon System was the tactical nuclear recoilless gun smoothbore for firing the M nuclear projectile that was deployed by the United States during the Cold War. It was one of the smallest nuclear weapon systems ever built, with a yield between 10 and 20 tons TNT equivalent 40—80 gigajoules. It is named after American folk hero, soldier, and congressman Davy Crockett.
The unusually small size of the warhead is apparent. The Davy Crockett recoilless spigot gun was developed in the late s for use against Soviet and North Korean armor and troops in case war broke out in Europe or the Korean peninsula. During alerts to the Inner German border in the F. Two 95 S recoilless rifles and related equipment Finnish conscripts in a training exercise, marching with a heavy recoilless rifle. Image from The 95 S is a heavy recoilless anti-tank weapon used by the Finnish Army. The weapon was developed in and it was given a new wheel-equipped carriage in M3 submachine gun Submachine gun.
M50 Reising submachine gun Submachine gun. United Defense M42 Submachine gun. Landsverk L, was a Swedish tank developed in It was developed by AB Landsverk as a light tank which included several advanced design features such as torsion bar suspension, periscopes rather than view slits and all-welded construction. Similar to the regular L with a 20 mm madsen in the turret but with a raised idler-wheel.
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Surface-to-air missile sites detection agent with remote sensing images
Liu, Feng; Zhu, Jihong; Wang, Wufan; Kuang, Minchi
Sci China Inf Sci, 2021, 64(9): 194201
Improvement and development in satellite and aerial photography have resulted in the rapid growth of the quantity and quality of remote sensing images, which are commonly used in military intelligence gathering, navigation, damage assessment, surveying, and mapping. Finding military facilities such as surface-to-air missile sites (SAMSs) from massive amounts of high-resolution remote sensing images, has attracted considerable research interest globally. However, existing map interpretation is mainly conducted by human experts; therefore, it is time consuming and often suffers from low detection accuracy.


THIS SELF-DRIVING ROBOT TANK CAN PARACHUTE OUT OF A PLANE
Each tank may be a post in danger for turning into a casket. Their hefty protecting layer and plentiful capability build them exceptional focuses for unfriendly powers provided with the unbelievable and convenient enemy of tank weapons. The Type-X uncrewed vehicle is associate Estonian-made response to future war zones that require the punch of tanks while not the danger to the human cluster.
In February, Type-X producers MILREM appeared the tank-like machine at IDEX, a worldwide arms show in national capital. formally a mechanism Combat Vehicle, or RCV, it doesn’t have an implausible protected heave or mammoth gun of a primary fight tank, nor will it have the power to convey troops. Eventually, the RCV consumes an area between a mechanized weapon turret and a bomb crew mechanism.
“The Type-X provides intends to penetrate foe protecting things with insignificant danger to assert troops. On the off probability that associate RCV is lost, its substitution can end up to be merely a strategic subtlety, notwithstanding, lives can are saved,” same Kuldar Väärsi, corporate executive of Milrem artificial intelligence, in a very delivery.
How will the Type-X distinction with totally different tanks?
Since their presentation on the war zones of war I, tanks are a robust presence on the front lines. The essential reason, a heavily clad stage which will disregard shots from most foot weapons, implies tanks need uncommon weapons or hindrances to beat. the event of those weapons, thusly, has prompted increasingly substantial shields to secure the individuals within the tanks, that makes maintaining quality a check.
Consider the RCV’s specs against those of the M1 Abrams, the whole tank used by the u. s. for as so much back as a really long whereas.
The Type-X is nineteen feet long, 9.5 feet wide, and solely seven feet tall. It is, taking all things along measurements, but the M1 Abrams fight tanks used by the u. s. and totally different countries, and uprightness in a very piece of not fitting people within. the load distinction is way additional noteworthy; whereas associate M1 tips the scales at somewhere within the vary of sixty and seventy four tons (contingent upon model), the Type-X merely gauges thirteen tons.
That assets on weight pay off in movableness. The Type-X encompasses a most speed of fifty mph on streets and thirty one mph goes mud romping, creating it faster than any arrangement of Abrams in one or the opposite respect. natural process that rough piece of land capability, the Type-X will likewise swim through water that’s fifty nine inches down.
MILAM flaunts that the Type-X is extremely a lot of guarded against shots and ordnance (if gently ensured against hidden mortars or explosives under), however there’s a trick to it security. In distinction to the protected pointers for a legitimate tank, the Type-X is utilizing world organisation principles of defensive layer for trucks and lightweight vehicles. It’s not inadequate with regards to defend, however this isn’t a machine worked to endure a hefty shot and still battle.
Concerning weapons, the Type-X will convey either a 30mm cannon (regular among vehicles just like the Bradley) or a heavier 50mm cannon. this is often hitherto an extended means from the 100mm+ gun donned by tanks just like the Abrams. These weapons build it executable for the Type-X to punch through the protecting layer of most non-tank vehicles, and with the 30mm gun mounted, the Type-X is even reduced enough to be delivered from a freight plane and born onto the bottom.
Past firearms, the Type-X will likewise uphold a lingering weapons system launcher or associate approach to fireplace drones which will detonate into targets like rockets. Taken within and out, the guarantee of the Type-X may be a light-weight defensively coated vehicle which will work operating beside human directors to assist tanks fighting against totally different vehicles.
How would possibly Type-X have an effect on mechanism fights?
The Type-X is worked to maneuver on their lonesome with sensors and AI guiding it through the combat zone. It stays up-to-date with an individual’s officer however doesn’t would like categorical bearings or orders from a personal to play out its obligations. MILAM portrays the Type-X as “totally mechanical,” a “ground-based steadfast partner,” which will progress into a fight and assume the forcefulness of tank instrumentality.
Self-sufficiency in development is additional clear: the Type-X is meant to follow totally different vehicles, to explore by waypoints premeditated on a guide, and to acknowledge snags with its sensors and getting ready. it’s unclear, yet, the degree to that an individual’s distantly supervision the Type-X can management however it discovers targets, and once it chooses to shoot. it’s wise to anticipate that an individual’s ought to choose that alternative, however, countries presently can’t appear to envisage to the which means of human management for mechanism weapons.
Estonia’s neighbor, Russia, has had long stretches of making and handling uncrewed robots for the fight to return in Syria. This expertise illuminates however they’re coming up with robots for the conceivable clash against totally different nations.
“There ar three ventures in Russia that seem like MILREM’s kind X,” says Samuel Bendett, associate Analyst at CNA and Adjunct Senior Fellow at CNAS. These incorporate the “Uran-9 that was tried in Syria which is getting into Russian military assistance; Udar hefty Uncrewed Ground Vehicle obsessed on a [existing defensively coated vehicle] case for higher security and coordination into existing powers; and Shturm weighty Uncrewed Ground Vehicle obsessed on a T-72 Main Battle Tank body that’s presently being worked on by the Ministry of Defense.”
How Russia builds up its mechanism vehicles can assume a huge half in however Baltic Republic, and totally different nations in world organisation, see the necessity for his or her war robots. the perfect objective for the Type-X could also be another mechanism tank that doesn’t specifically exist however.


Will Stoutly’s Son
Volunteer in The Daggerford Watch
Private Tom Stoutly CR 1/2
Male human fighter 1
NG Medium humanoid (human)
Init 2 armor, 5)
Fort 3/19-20) or
Ranged light crossbow 2 Trade a penalty to ranged attacks for a bonus to ranged damage.
Quick Draw Draw weapon as a free action (or move if hidden weapon). Throw at full rate of attacks.


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Ricin as an assassination weapon essay
Ricin is a poison it is a highly toxic ricin has been used as a terrorist weapon, including the assassination of georgi markov in 1978, supposedly by the kgb. Yesterday, an envelope addressed to senator roger wicker, republican of mississippi, was found to contain a white granular substance that was identified as ricin. Ricin assassination essay - ricin assassination ricin is a lethal toxic agent that the agent can be used as a biological or chemical weapon of mass. Ricin, a biological weapon the intoxicating truth possibility of using ricin as a weapon under the code w suspected of being behind this assassination.
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Ricin as an assassination weapon essay
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The science of ricin as a weapon, ricin is more likely to be used in a targeted assassination than in mass killings ricin dumped into a municipal water supply. Ricin has been developed as a weapon for experts point out that ricin has mainly been used in the past as a biological weapon for assassination. Ricin as a weapon ricin may have significance ricin was used in the highly publicized assassination of bulgarian occupational safety and health administration. This essay was produced by one of our professional writers as a learning aid to help you with your studies john kennedy assassination if oswald had fired a weapon. Open document below is an essay on ricin, a weapon of mass destruction from anti essays, your source for research papers, essays, and term paper examples.
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This course introduces students to the use of the medieval longsword as taught by the German and Italian fechtmeister (fight or fencing masters) in the 14th and 15th centuries. Instruction will encompass fundamentals (stance, footwork, focus, initiative, etc.), principles of attack and defense and advanced techniques ("windings," close-quarter play, half-sword techniques). The chivalric attitudes of honor and courtesy will be emphasized in partner drills throughout the course. The evolution of swords and armor during that period will also be discussed. FILA general education: ES activity.


Additive manufacturing has the potential to deliver immense benefits to Canada’s military and defense sector including lower production costs for components and tools, localized manufacturing, lower turnaround time, improved technical competitiveness and design flexibility.
Given that Canadian land, air and maritime defense systems feature complex structures, the customization abilities of additive manufacturing as well as its on-demand and on-site features are especially appealing to the defense sector.
Let’s take a look at some of the popular applications for 3D printing in the defense sector.
Modeling and Prototyping
Additive manufacturing offers the perfect solution for creating prototypes and concept models quickly. It is extensively used in the defense sector to manufacture prototypes quickly. At the same time, it does away with the need for expensive tooling.
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Given that military equipment is generally used for several years, the defense sector is heavily reliant on spare parts.
Traditionally, defense companies procured these parts from third-party manufacturers. With the advent of 3D printing technology, it’s possible to produce spare parts on-demand and quickly.
For example, ships are increasingly using 3D printers on board to make replacement parts without having to order parts or return to a port.
With technologies like Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and Direct Energy Deposition (DED), it’s possible to repair and restore high-end equipment including worn surfaces of turbine blades.
Ever since BAE systems built the first fighter jet featuring 3D printed parts, the defense sector has recognized the endless possibilities of additive manufacturing.
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A successful test of part of the nation’s ballistic missile defense system shows that missile defense agency chief: bmd system ‘ready to photo essays. American government, nuclear arsenal, terrorism - ballistic missile defense. The us-soviet anti-ballistic missile and the present role and historical legacy of ballistic missile defense these tasks are the purpose of this essay. The author of “the art of the deal” may think he can talk to kim jong un he’d be crazy to try.
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By charles d ferguson and bruce w macdonald nuclear dynamics in a multipolar strategic ballistic missile defense world july 2017. Theater ballistic missile defense analyses wayne j pavalko, kanaya r chevli, and michael f monius he us department of defense is funding the development of army. National missile defense: usa vs russia for the past several years, george w bush, dick cheney, and most congressional republicans have wanted to set up. There’s a consequential debate in washington about a single word that has guided america’s missile-defense policy and spending for almost two decades.
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Ada441047 title : ballistic missile defense descriptive note : essay corporate author : national war coll washington dc personal author(s) : moulton, harold w. The missile defense agency has fielded an initial capability to protect the us and our allies against limited ballistic missile attack. Ballistic missile - research need for an anti-ballistic missile program the essay then outlines president george w bush's anti-ballistic missile defense. It should boost its missile defense our missile-defense policy should be ‘america despite the widely publicized “failed launch” of a ballistic missile. Read this essay on ballistic missile come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more.
News about ballistic missile defense october 26, 2017: missile the us military shot down a medium-range ballistic missile target off the coast of hawaii early. Title: length color rating : ballistic missile defense essay - with the end of the cold war, today's most urgent threat stems not from thousands of ballistic. The united states needs a strong, effective missile defense system to meet the threats and uncertainties that lie ahead introduction in the past three years, very. Top custom essay writing company the notion of ballistic missile defense (bmd) isn’t novel it initially surfaced in the premature years of the cold war as part. Yemen's air force on saturday targeted an airport in saudi arabia's capital with a ballistic missile, according to yemen's houthi-controlled defense ministry.


Pitfalls in the Turkish nuclear programme
AuthorKula, Erhun İbrahim
MetadataShow full item record
CitationKula, I. (2019). Pitfalls in the Turkish nuclear programme. Turkish Area Studies Review, 34, pp. 12-17.
The origins of nuclear power go back to 1885 when Rontgen discovered the X-ray and one year later Becquerel identified natural radiation. In 1939 Hahn and Strassman achieved the splitting of the uranium atom in Berlin which initiated fission technology. Three years later in the USA Fermi proved that the fission chain reaction in uranium nuclei could be sustained and controlled, making it feasible to harness this energy. Then nuclear technology developed in two different ways; the creation of a nuclear bomb and the development of a nuclear reactor for power generation. On 6 August 1945 a successfully assembled uranium-235 bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and on 12 August a plutonium bomb was dropped on Nagasaki which ended the war in the Pacific.


the only things I’m carrying into a classroom are books and lesson plans.
I suspect I might have been qualified to carry a pistol in the classroom while teaching. A 45 was my assigned weapon when I served as a Mortar Platoon leader in Vietnam, though I usually grabbed a “greasegun” from one of the tracks when we came under direct fire. In truth, I would rather have had anything but a 45 in Vietnam because it’s notoriously hard to shoot accurately for any distance with a pistol.
When I bought a Glock a few years ago, I took a class to refresh my skills and the pistol instantly felt right in my hands. In fact, I was more proficient in shooting practice than I had been with my 45 years ago. Having been put in the position of trying to kill Viet Cong for an extended period of time, I’m convinced that confronted by someone with a pistol I wouldn’t hesitate to kill them. I suspect most teachers WOULD hesitate. Few teachers are combat veterans. Hesitation will get you killed, which is probably why police sometimes kill innocent people or people who aren’t really a threat.
Despite the fact that I am accomplished with a pistol and feel comfortable wearing one while out car camping, I would never have agreed to carry one in school. I know just how dangerous they are from experience — especially for those who aren’t well-trained. I didn’t have to do too much weapon training to fear those who had little or no experience with weapons. It’s amazing how stupid some people were on the firing line with live rounds in the barrel of their rifle. They finally took weapons away from the engineers we were guarding in Vietnam because of accidents. In other words, loading and unloading their own weapons turned out to be more dangerous to them than the Viet Cong.
One of the scariest moments of my tour in Vietnam was when I accidentally discharged my 45 while clearing it in the dark right after we’d been hit with a hand grenade thrown off the front of a track. Luckily, I knew enough to be pointing the gun at the ground away from myself and others while clearing it. Everything I’d been taught said that gun shouldn’t have gone off because my finger was nowhere near the trigger, but it did. I can’t imagine the trauma of having that happen in a school setting.
Equally important, I have a pretty good idea just how many bullets miss their target, landing only God knows where. We fired an awful lot of bullets at snipers firing at us from the village without ever getting a confirmed kill, other than livestock we reimbursed a villager for. When somebody is shooting directly at you, you don’t always (like NEVER) take the time to ensure that no one is behind them that might accidentally get hit. Self-preservation is a really strong instinct, much stronger than common sense in most cases.
Despite coming under fire regularly during my tour of duty, I was always amazed at the adrenaline rush after a firefight. It took me hours to come down from it. Does anyone think that a teacher confronted with a shooter for the first time in his life is likely to shoot accurately? The most you could hope for is that the intruder would flee if they saw a teacher with a gun in their hand.
After 30 years of teaching, I would be terrified that a student would find it a challenge to get his hands on my gun just to prove he could. Kids love challenges almost more than anything, and it’s even better if it’s a really dumb challenge. I would probably be so paranoid about the gun I was carrying that no student would ever get near it, but paranoid isn’t a great state of mind for teachers or kids. I’d rather be worried about kids getting harassed by other kids or wondering how I could help a student who is struggling with his schoolwork.


A good day for a trebuchet, part ii: the siege of the sandpit a brief overview of where these “mechanical arts what's popular on medievalistsnet medieval. Siege weapons are a new feature in wow pvp they were added in the expansion, world of warcraft: wrath of the lich king they are pilotable vehicles meant to raze destructible buildings in the same effect as if you manage to kill the commander of. Home » how does a trebuchet work they were primarily used to bring down castle walls during a siege the trebuchet is a typical medieval trebuchet. A mod with siege weapons ive been looking for mods with siege weapons such as ballistae, trebuchet, so does anyone know a siege weapon.
Learn about the history of the middle ages weapons every man was expected to be able to use a medieval weapon middle ages weapons - siege weapons. Medieval engineers is back this time on medieval engineers we check out some of the most popular siege engines currently in the game, some working, some not. Medieval engineers is a sandbox game created so that poor building techniques or siege weapon assault can bring a the unofficial medieval engineers wiki. A knight's sword is their most important weapon the greatsword ranged from fifty to seventy-two inches long and weighed about six to ten pounds.
A trebuchet is a machine used in medieval siege warfare for hurling large stones or other missiles invented in china between the 5th and 3rd. The medieval siege seen from within and from outside the walls home: medieval life overview medieval castle life roles of women in the middle ages. The couillard was a medieval siege weapon, a type of smaller trebuchet instead of a single counter-weight swinging between supports on either side, it has a split counter-weight that passes on either side of a single support. The scythe is a good medieval war hammer armor piercing weapon an exact replica of the war knightly dueling is a complete overview of the. Unlike most editing & proofreading services, we edit for everything: grammar, spelling, punctuation, idea flow, sentence structure, & more get started now.
Woodworking projects & plans for trebuchet plans pdf: budka of pagoda studios is building the catapult-like medieval siege weapon, murlin trebuchet overview. Trebuchet dictionary entry overview: what does trebuchet mean • trebuchet (noun) the noun trebuchet has 1 sense: 1 medieval artillery used during sieges a heavy war engine for hurling large stones and other missiles. Medieval traction trebuchet next to a staff slinger a trebuchet (french trébuchet) is a siege engine used in the middle agesit is sometimes called a counterweight trebuchet or counterpoise trebuchet, to distinguish it from an earlier weapon called the traction trebuchet, which employed pulling men working the mechanism. The desktop trebuchet is a scale model of the medieval siege weapon the desktop trebuchet makes clever use of joinery and overview handmade item. A look at siege engines and how they work including catapults and the siege engine was used to tear down the the trebuchet, the siege tower and the.
Besiege is a physics based building game in which you construct medieval siege engines and lay at the top of the overview keymapper window you can find a. Joly de maizeroy had an overview of the trebuchet a medieval siege weapon written his actions shaped european politics in the early 19th an analysis of the negative side effects of censorship century. Requirements/overview new arms minor ‘catapulting’ to success students built a replica trebuchet, a medieval siege weapon,. Bad neighbor is a hero trebuchet found in the the lion and the demon scenario and also in the scenario editor in age of empires ii it is based on the bad neighbor counterweight trebuchet, one of two named trebuchets (in accordance with medieval customs) that participated in the siege of acre.
Build your very own personal medieval siege weapon invergordon overview” dsc02175, trebuchet, of powerful siege weapons called trebuchet and. Back to the list of units game info edit powerful medieval siege unit, good at reducing the defenses of enemy cities must set up prior to firing strategy edit a trebuchet is a medieval siege weapon, significantly more powerful than the earlier catapult units. This sling effect was later developed into the trebuchet medieval siege weapons (1 the little dragon trebuchet - build this table top medieval siege weapon.


Pontiff urges disarmament as he tours Japans atomic bomb sites and meets survivors of the 1945 attacks
Pope Francis has condemned the unspeakable horror of nuclear weapons during a visit to Nagasaki, one of two Japanese cities destroyed by American atomic bombs towards the end of the second world war.
Speaking on the second day of the first papal visit to Japan for 38 years, Francis urged world leaders to end the stockpiling of nuclear weapons, saying it offered their nations a false sense of security.
Convinced as I am that a world without nuclear weapons is possible and necessary, I ask political leaders not to forget that these weapons cannot protect us from current threats to national and international security, he told hundreds of people at the citys rain-drenched atomic bomb hypocenter park on Sunday.
Earlier, Francis had placed a wreath and prayed at the foot of a memorial to the 74,000 people who died instantly and in the months after the US dropped a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki on 9 August 1945, three days after it had carried out a nuclear attack on Hiroshima, in which 140,000 people died by the end of the year.
This place makes us deeply aware of the pain and horror that we human beings are capable of inflicting upon one another, Francis said, standing next to a large photograph of a young boy carrying his dead baby brother on his back at a crematorium in the aftermath of the attack on Nagasaki.
Francis was given the photograph several years ago and has since distributed tens of thousands of copies. He was due to meet the widow and son of Joe ODonnell, the American military photographer who took it.


"They may outnumber us, but have faith, my warriors. Your training and superior technology will see us the victors this day."
Rivet Wars: Reloaded Kickstarter is parachuting into action on September 6! Follow the page now for an express telegram when the campaign deploys.
We’ve already briefed you on what Rivet Wars: Reloaded is. If you need a reminder you can find all the information here. Also don't miss out on the Basic Training blog!
Today, we’ll be briefing you on the tanks and mechs you can expect to see in the field. Not only that, but the upgrades those armoured units can take in the form of hero and turret plugs!
Allied Mechs & Plug
In the world of Rivet, war is waged with diesel powered war machines from walking tanks to tracked monocycles and everything in between.
These armoured units will usually enter the fray after your initial skirmishes with infantry and cavalry have engaged the enemy. This is mostly because your armour units are few in numbers and expensive to replace, so you need to ensure they’re deployed where they’re needed most!
Let me introduce you to the MT-1 Ostrich.
A workhorse of the Allied forces, the MT-1 Ostrich is a frontline mechanised armoured combat vehicle, or mech for short. Equipped with both anti infantry and anti-armour weaponry, the MT-1 Ostrich can form the backbone of any Allied offensive.
One of the key ways to upgrade your MT-1 Ostrich’s capabilities further is to attach a plug to its top hatch.
Two of the key options for this are the Hacksaw Turret plug or General Patston as a hero plug. Both offering very different but powerful upgrades.
The Hacksaw Turret is a non-hero plug. This means it can be deployed again and again unlike heroes who can’t return to the battlefield once destroyed.
The Hacksaw Turret is extra firepower, pure and simple. Useful against infantry and medium to lightly armoured vehicles, the Hacksaw Turret adds a whole extra attack to any mech it’s plugged into.
General Patston offers a very different upgrade. While he doesn’t give the mech he’s plugged into an extra attack in a conventional sense, he does grant it a number of special rules.
Firstly, he increases the speed of the mech he’s plugged into by 1, permanently! Secondly he gives the mech Tank Shock (1) which means the mech is now capable of crushing enemy infantry under its titanic steps. Better still, if the mech already has Tank Shock, General Patston increases the number of dice the mech rolls when using Tank Shock by 1.
With the General Patston hero plug, you have a fast moving mech capable of charging headlong into enemy infantry, dooming those in your path!
Nemoan Mechs & Plugs
We’ve been watching the speculation about the new Nemoan faction. One particular question that keeps rising to the surface is “do the Nemoans have plugs like the Allies and the Blight?”. We can categorically answer this question with a YES!
Remember the Helios Air Mech from the comic panel we showed a few weeks ago?
The pilot in the Helios Air Mech is actually one of a number of different plug options!
Commander Athena and the Helios Pilot.
The Helios Pilot is a non-hero plug. They’re a little cheaper in deployment points than most plugs too!
Bringing a more focussed offense against enemy aircraft, the Helios Pilot is a crack shot against airborne foes.
Let’s take a look at the special ability Commander Athena brings to the party.
A close range specialist, a mech with Commander Athena at the controls rolls a whole extra die on EVERY attack against enemies at range 1.
Keep your ears and eyes peeled for another content supply drop coming soon and don’t forget to sign up to the Kickstarter page!


Excessively dangerous weapons are weapons which have been deemed too dangerous for competition.
Dragonstrike was removed from BB# after a piece of their blade broke off and became embedded in the arena glass. The arena was not breached but it was deemed that that robot had too much potential for danger to continue in the competition. They were removed with honorary mentions as they were unable to complete the competition.
Megabyte was deemed to have an Excessively dangerous weapon in robot wars 7 (citation needed).


He says: “Prior to the terrorist lorry attack in Nice last July, where more than 80 people were killed and hundreds more seriously injured, firearms officers had the option of shooting at a moving vehicle but the national guidance discouraged that. It was felt shooting at a moving vehicle could increase the risk to the public.
“In light of vehicles being used as weapons by terrorists, the guidance was revised and it is now an accepted tactic that could be used in incidents such as those seen more recently in Sweden and Westminster.
“In addition, after the marauding firearms attack in Mumbai in 2008 we upgraded our weapons from 9mm carbines to the more powerful .556 carbines. These firearms are more effective against strong glass and body armour. They have been tested extensively and we know they can penetrate lorry cabs.
“Of course not every vehicle threat might be as a result of a deliberate terrorist act. For example, someone could be taken ill and lose control. Officers are trained to quickly assess situations such as this to try and determine whether a vehicle is out of control or being deliberately used to cause harm.
“Ultimately, as in any armed response situation, it would be for the officer to justify his or her actions but the fact that the threat has changed means they are now supported by the new guidance.”


By Roger Kimball for The Epoch Times
I am sure it’s a totally unfounded rumor that the Central Intelligence Agency, the world’s most lavishly funded bastion of spooks, is about to shorten its name to “The Central Agency,” retiring the embarrassing and divisive word “intelligence.”
I don’t know how the rumor got started, but the news, reported on Oct. 16 by The Financial Times, that in August, the Chinese had successfully tested a nuclear-capable hypersonic missile, lit a fire under the rumor mill.
It wasn’t so much the fact of the test as the ignorance of our so-called intelligence services that did the trick.
According to the FT, “The test has raised new questions about why the US often underestimated China’s military modernization.”
When it came to the Soviet Union, the CIA typically overestimated not only its military capabilities but also its economic strength. With China, the opposite seems to be the case.
“We have no idea how they did this,” said one spokesman quoted by the FT.
But why? Why didn’t we know?
The budget of the CIA is classified, but we know, because of Edward Snowden, that a few years ago that it was somewhere north of $50 billion. But what do we get for all that dough?
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This summer, we got a total misreading of the situation in Afghanistan.
Now, we get a situation in which the deployment of a weapon designed to circumvent our missile defense capabilities catches the CIA “by surprise.”
As the FT reported, the United States and Russia also are developing hypersonic weapons, “including glide vehicles that are launched into space on a rocket but orbit the earth under their own momentum.”
These devices “fly at five times the speed of sound, slower than a ballistic missile. But they do not follow the fixed parabolic trajectory of a ballistic missile and are manoeuvrable, making them harder to track.”
So what are we paying for?
The Chinese launched a rocket that carried a hypersonic glide vehicle that, traveling at about Mach 5, circled the globe a couple of times in a low orbit before homing in on its target. The device missed its target by more than 20 miles, but when you are talking about something capable of carrying a nuclear payload that is definitely too close for comfort.
Moreover, this was only a test. Presumably, succeeding missiles will be more accurate.
People familiar with the test said that it showed that China had made “astounding” progress on hypersonic weapons.
But again, the issue isn’t so much Chinese technical progress as U.S. ignorance.
Increasingly, it seems, the institutions we have relied on to protect us have degenerated into a state of politically correct rancidness.
The FBI seems to spend enormous resources infiltrating, egging on, and indeed fomenting the very plots they are supposed to be guarding against.
At least a dozen FBI agents were part of the plot to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer.
Were they there to protect the governor or to orchestrate the caper?
Julie Kelly has just shown that the Jan. 6 demonstration at the Capitol could well have been part of the FBI’s “Operation Cold Snap.” (See also Darren Beattie’s story on possible FBI involvement in the events of Jan. 6 in Revolver News.)
Quoting a story from Buzzfeed, Kelly notes that the operation was a “‘far-reaching, multi-state domestic terrorism investigation’ to surveil—or more likely entrap, … people tied to the FBI’s hit list of right-wing militias.”
Meanwhile, the U.S. military seems more interested in studying “white rage,” circumventing the chain of command to combat the Bad Orange Man, or complaining about the Army policy regarding fingernail polish than actually protecting U.S. citizens and interests.
And the CIA? Besides missing threats (a habit that goes back at least to 9/11), they seem expert mostly to be creating their fair share.
Remember the story of that training exercise in Virginia at which they accidentally left some plastic explosive in the engine compartment of a school bus?
Yes, that’s right. “The CIA accidentally left a ‘putty-type’ battlefield explosive beneath the hood of a Loudon County, Virginia, school bus after a training exercise. … As a result, elementary and high school students spent two days riding the bus as the explosives bounced around under the hood.”
Oh, dear. More and more, it seems, Li’l Abner had it right: “The Country’s in the Very Best of Hands.”
Views expressed in this article are the opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Epoch Times.
Syndicated with permission from RealClearWire.
The opinions expressed by contributors and/or content partners are their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of The Political Insider.


This Day in Infamous History: Bombing of Hiroshima
On August 6, 1945, sixty five years to date, Japan became the first city in the history of the world to be devastated and attacked by a nuclear bomb. The bomb was given a very mocking nick name of “Little Boy” to which obliterated the whole of Hiroshima and immediately killed 1/5th of the city’s population (70,000 people).
(The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: 65 years ago)
I find this bit of history appalling and never should have been. Nuclear bombs to me signify the end of human existence. Imagine, 65 years ago, there were only two of these weapons of mass destruction. How about now? …………..There is an estimate of 23, 000 nuclear weapons hidden in every corner of the world waiting on a hair trigger alert. Just one push of a button and then POP! goes the weasel!
65 years of sheer dumb luck that these haven’t been detonated yet and cause the beginning of the end of the world. I pray that it will not happen in my lifetime and if it does, be it done swiftly. Let my loved ones die first without suffering the aftermath.
I vote for a Nuclear Free Earth. Where do you stand?
We are better off without them.
Check out this trailer for a just cause.
COUNTDOWN TO ZERO


Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has joined hands with Munitions India Limited, a Defence Public Sector Enterprise, to embark on a groundbreaking initiative — the development of India’s first indigenously-designed 155 Smart Ammunition. This collaborative effort seeks to achieve a crucial milestone in indigenizing a key sector within the defense industry.
The primary objective of this initiative is to enhance the accuracy of the 155 mm shell significantly, aiming for a Circular Error Probable (CEP) of just 10 meters. Presently, domestically developed ammunitions carry a CEP of 500 meters. Additionally, the project aims to increase the lethality at the terminal impact point, thereby advancing the capabilities of the nation’s defense capabilities.
Munitions India Limited, operating under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, stands as the country’s largest manufacturer and market leader in the production, testing, research and development, and marketing of a comprehensive range of ammunition and explosives for the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Paramilitary Forces.
The development of the smart ammunition will be led by Prof. G. Rajesh and his team of researchers from the Department of Aerospace Engineering at IIT Madras. The project is set to span over a duration of two years.
Ravi Kant, IOFS, Chairman and Managing Director of Munitions India Limited, expressed enthusiasm about the collaboration, stating, “This will be a giant leap forward for the country in achieving its goal of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ (Self-Reliant India).” He further highlighted the confidence in the synergy between MIL’s expertise in conventional ammunition manufacturing and IIT Madras’s proficiency in developing a guidance system.
Prof. G. Rajesh elaborated on the key aspects of the project, detailing that the Special Purpose Shell would incorporate the guidance, navigation, and control system, along with roll isolation strategies, canard actuation system, fuze, shell body, and warhead. Noteworthy is the utilization of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) for guidance, ensuring independence from foreign satellite systems.
The 155mm Indian Smart Ammunition is anticipated to feature several key characteristics, including compatibility with 39 and 45 calibre – 155 mm Artillery Guns without any modifications. It will be a fin-stabilized, canard-controlled, guided shell with a maximum range of 38 km and a minimum range of 8 km. The smart projectile will operate with a 3-mode fuse — Point Detonation, Height of Burst, and Delayed Detonation — with IRNSS guidance and GPS backup, making it completely independent of foreign agency involvement.
The collaborative effort between IIT Madras and Munitions India Limited represents a significant stride towards enhancing India’s defense capabilities through cutting-edge indigenous technology.


The M60 serves most effective its position to provide firepower help of bullet rain to infantry groups upon ask for of the in the course of war. It’s Pretty much like possessing the privilege of requesting god to hail down bullets on the enemy by request.
In 1870 a Lt. D. H. Friberg with the Swedish Military patented a fully automated recoil-operated firearm motion and could possibly have produced firing prototypes of a derived layout all-around 1882: this was the forerunner for the 1907 Kjellman machine gun, nevertheless, as a result of fast residue buildup from using black powder, Friberg's structure wasn't a functional weapon.
With hoppers, the rounds could typically be included although the weapon was firing. This step by step modified to belt-fed styles. Belts had been possibly held during the open by the individual, or in a bag or box. Some modern day car or truck machine guns utilised linkless feed systems even so.
The conventional sighting equipment of the G36 includes TWO scopes - a single 3.5X telescope sight underneath, with the second 1X purple-dot sight higher than it. The sights are completely independent, with the former appropriate for prolonged array exact shooting, and the latter suitable for the quick focus on acquisition at limited ranges.
The UZI can be a recoil-operated, select fire submachine gun, firing from an open bolt. The bolt "sleeves" within the rear Element of the barrel to reduce the overall size of the gun. The UZI (together with the Mini and Micro variations) includes a basic safety/fireplace selector switch on the left aspect from the receiver, in conjunction with an automated security to the rear facet from the grip.
I've been scanning the skies all day for large black drones. Through our to start with Conference, Kenton Tucker emphasized that shooting drones has lengthy been a emphasize of the massive Sandy Shoot. I sq. this with my image of conservative gun owners who need to check out drones as intrusive know-how, Obama's killing machines, or both of those.
He admires Hunter S. Thompson and G. Gordon Liddy for their bravery and fearless individualism. He suggests his greatest obstacle is fitting in the Louisville social scene, in which fellas communicate mostly about soccer or basketball, which bore him.
…the primary satisfactory thoroughly automated machine gun, using the recoil of the barrel for ejecting the here invested cartridges and reloading the chamber.
Whether you are a amateur who has not held a firearm, or simply a black gun fanatic, our proficient personnel is prepared to help you appreciate your check out. For A very unforgettable working day we provide Machine Gun Adventures, setting up at $ninety nine.00. You'll, without any expertise necessary, practical experience modern point out-of-the-artwork military and law enforcement firearms by using a helpful personnel member to tutorial you through the method.
Give your interior action star the adventure you deserve with this mix of utmost stunts, intensive firepower, and incredible sights inside the desert.
He bought his initial gun when George W. Bush was president, simply because Bush began "torturing individuals" and getting the country into "awful personal debt" with "Pointless pricey wars." Just before Bush, he states, he "by no means believed tyranny could exist in America."
At the Big Sandy Shoot, Spencer provides absent bumper stickers that study, “Liberty will not be a loophole.” He tells people that if a keep or cafe will not allow them to pack a gun on the premises, they need to start a silent protest by walking in using an vacant holster.
We see this gun, we run, we listen to of this gun, we shudder and shiver inside our spine. Just visualize the terror one particular would really feel staying held up in an Extraordinary hostage predicament with one of such? The AK-47 has long been a norm worldwide that if you own a person, Then you certainly’re a terrorist, just because the greater part of notorious terrorists of the globe’s background continues to be regarded to favor the AK-47 as portion of their initially desire when it comes to wherever ideal machine guns are worried.
Other automated weapons are subdivided into several categories based upon the size on the bullet employed, whether or not the cartridge is fired from the closed bolt or an open bolt, and whether or not the motion used is locked or is some type of blowback.


Now shrouded in overgrowth, two mysterious cannon emplacements offer a glimpse into Jekyll’s past
By Charles Bethea
In 1965, a pair of surveyors stumbled across two cast-iron Civil War–era gun mounts—also known as emplacements—jutting out of the dunes along the southwestern side of Jekyll Island. The southern inlet between Jekyll and Cumberland islands was once a “point of wartime concern,” according to the Jekyll Island Authority’s director of historic resources, Bruce Piatek. Long-since-lost cannons were fitted to these surviving emplacements and pointed at enemies we can now only imagine a half mile offshore, just within range.
Though of Civil War vintage, the emplacements were installed during the Spanish-American War at the end of the nineteenth century. “My guess,” Piatek says, “is that these may have been installed to discourage or fire upon any Spanish vessels that tried to attack the mainland.” But if the strategic goal was to protect Brunswick Harbor, there was a slightly less strategic perk. In his autobiography, President Teddy Roosevelt complained about the pressure to protect “everything everywhere,” writing: “One Congressman besought me for a ship to protect Jekyll Island, off the coast of Georgia, an island which derived its sole consequence because it contained the winter homes of certain millionaires.”
There’s no evidence that the emplacements and their cannons were ever used, except for practice, which would have worked this way: A spotter offers a compass heading for a target—say, forty-two degrees east of south. The soldier manning the cannon muzzle-loads a bag of powder and some wadding and places the projectile inside. “Finally,” Piatek says, “some brave lad lights the touch hole and the thing fires and sends the projectile flying!”
Each of the emplacements was equipped to mount both 100- and 200-pounder muzzle-loading seacoast artillery. (Translation: ridiculously big guns for coastal use.) The guns themselves are long gone; the government ordered them removed on May 17, 1898, soon after the Spanish Pacific Squadron was defeated in the Battle of Manila Bay.
Likewise, other accessories—like magazines needed to supply powder and shells—are missing. Shelter, too. “There’s not much point in having gun mounts,” Piatek says, “if they’re not manned. So one would think there was somebody living in the vicinity.”
Today, the emplacements are far removed from the beachfront—some 800 feet from shore—due to the slow and steady accretion of sand. (Here, they don’t seem particularly useful to the casual observer.) Piatek and other Jekyll experts believe there are more mounts to be found. Campground manager Ronnie Douglas discovered an identical set farther east of the known pair while walking around one day many years ago with his father, Lloyd. “They said, ‘Oh yeah, we should probably come back and take a look at that’—and then, the next time, they couldn’t find them,” laughs Piatek. So the next time you take a walk on the island, keep an eye out for rusted steel; you never know how the sands will shift.
The gun mounts are tucked in the woods about a half mile from St. Andrews Beach. Bring bug spray and a sense of adventure.


Ron Howard, Owner of Atlas Survival Shelters travels to Lithuania and tours a Cold War Underground Bunker built in 1975 when fear of Nuclear Holocaust was at it's highest! This underground shelter was built to house up to 100 people! You can Tour this bunker still today! Visit ColdWarBunker.it for more information.
Ron travels to Hiroshima Japan to visit the site of the first atomic bomb dropped on August 6, 1945 to determine if a man made bomb shelter can withstand a direct Nuclear Blast. Ron gives you a tour of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and the Children's Peace Monument.
Ron spends two days in Tokyo, Japan Taking in the sights and taking a train into the countryside
Atlas reveals it's new trench warfare bunker that was developed for the Ukraine war.
Ron delivers and installs a 5' x 7' NadoSafe Shelter in Oklahoma after a tornado just hit.
Ron gives a detailed description of what to do If a Nuclear Bomb goes off in New York City.
We complete the installation of a $250,000 bomb shelter in Poland for a new shooting range. Come see what is inside.
This is a great video to see how we assemble a Platinum Series Bunker with a 350 ton crane. Ron travels to Poland to install two bunkers at a new shooting range that opening in September 2023. Atlas will now have two bunkers on display at a new shooting range in Western Poland
We want to thank SNAKE RIVER EMBROIDERY for sending us this BIG BOX of Atlas T-Shirts https://srecidaho.business.site/


Even when broke, thugs buy weaponsDecember 11, 2009
One would be tempted to believe that during a global economic recession and an Iranian budget catastrophe, that the Islamic Republic would cut back on lavish spending to develop a nuclear program. That’s possible, but isn’t borne out by the recent history of the neighborhood.
Andrew and Patrick Cockburn’s Out of the Ashes, a political overview of Saddam Hussein’s regime in Iraq during the 1980s and 90s, helps illustrate the point. Even when Saddam’s regime had no money, it forked over heaps of cash—with no questions asked—to Saddam’s nuclear scientists:
No one knows precisely how many billions of dollars where lavished on the Iraqi bomb project. Even during the darkest years of the Iran-Iraq war, work proceeded at full speed. The scale of the project, the creation of a network of foreign contractors, and the success with which the program was kept out of the international public eye were a monument not only to the talents of Jafr [an Iraqi nuclear scientist] and the overall director of the scheme from 1987, Saddam’s cousin and son-in-law Hussein Kamel, but also to the insouciance of the Western powers. It was not as if the veil of secrecy surrounding the project was complete. Even when a close U.S. ally, Saudi Arabia, agreed to help finance the Iraqi bomb program on the promise of repayment in nuclear devices, Washington took no action. (p. 89)
The parallel today is that Iran is also disregarding its economic woes in order to support expensive weapons programs and foreign intrigue. Nobody really knows how much money Iran is spending to arm itself, eventually to nuke Israel or threaten the West. The Cockburns’ book is dated but its lessons are fresh.
Read my full review of Out of the Ashes on Amazon here.


Valorant is a tactical first-person shooter game that has taken the gaming world by storm. With its unique blend of abilities and guns, it has become a popular game among players who want to engage in fast-paced, high-intensity battles. One of the most important aspects of Valorant is mastering the use of guns.
To help players understand and master the guns in Valorant, this article will provide a comprehensive guide on the different types of guns available in the game, their strengths and weaknesses, and how to use them effectively. From the classic pistols to the powerful rifles, each gun has its own unique characteristics that players need to understand to succeed in the game.
Understanding Valorant’s Weapon System
Valorant’s weapon system is a crucial element of the game that every player must master. In this section, we’ll explore the primary and sidearm weapons available in the game, the different types of ammo, and how to manage your money and credits to purchase the right weapons at the right time.
Primary weapons are the backbone of your arsenal in Valorant. These weapons are divided into four categories: rifles, submachine guns, shotguns, and heavy weapons. Each category has unique attributes, and it’s up to the player to choose the right weapon for the situation.
Rifles are the most versatile weapons in the game, with a good balance of accuracy, range, and damage. Submachine guns are ideal for close-quarters combat, while shotguns excel in tight spaces. Heavy weapons are the most powerful weapons in the game, but they come with a high price tag and slow movement speed.
Sidearms are secondary weapons that can be used when your primary weapon runs out of ammo or when you need to switch to a more suitable weapon for a specific situation.
The sidearm options in Valorant include pistols, revolvers, and machine pistols. While generally less powerful than primary weapons, these sidearms can still be deadly in the right hands.
Below, we have compiled all the weapons in table formats for easy viewing:
Valorant Weapons: Sidearms
|Free spawn sidearm with two fire modes; 12 bullets in the magazine. Primary fire for most situations, burst fire for close quarters.
|Short-range secondary weapon costing 300 credits; effective for close encounters.
|Auto-fire sidearm suitable for quick kills in short-range fights. High fire rate; quick reload needed.
|Common pistol for pistol rounds; ideal for one-shot headshots against unshielded opponents.
|Precision sidearm with 6 bullets; rewards headshots within 30 meters. Powerful even in long-range with 145 damage.
Valorant Weapons: SMGs
|Higher fire rate SMG with 20 bullets; effective in close combat but may require frequent reloading.
|Mobile SMG with good positioning can defy Phantoms and Vandals; high mobility and manageable spread.
Valorant Weapons: Shotguns
|Semi-automatic shotgun with two fire modes; affordable choice for short-range encounters, especially in tight corners.
|Automatic shotgun with high cost; powerful and can pierce through enemies in short range.
Valorant Weapons: Rifles
|Affordable rifle with automatic and burst fire modes; effective in short to medium range; requires two headshots.
|Semi-automatic rifle with high wall penetration and damage; deadly with accurate shots; lower fire rate.
|Popular rifle with more bullets than Vandal; excellent for spraying through smoke; easier recoil pattern.
|Most-used rifle; single headshot kill from any range; lower bullet count, harder recoil than Phantom.
Valorant Weapons: Sniper Rifle
|Cheapest sniper with high fire rate; 101 body, 202 head damage; effective against ecos and rifles; good for Jett or Chamber.
|Heavy, expensive sniper; one-shot kill to the body; high scope-in time and low fire rate; best for Agents like Jett and Chamber.
Valorant Weapons: Machine Guns
|Weakest and cheapest machine gun; high wall penetration; suitable for shooting through walls.
|Heavy machine gun with 100 bullets; high wall penetration; effective for spamming areas and shooting through walls.
Ammo and Money
Ammo is an essential resource in Valorant, and players must manage it carefully. Each primary weapon has a limited amount of ammo, and players must buy more ammo during buy rounds or pick it up from fallen enemies.
Money and credits are also critical resources in Valorant. Players earn credits by winning rounds, planting or defusing the spike, and killing enemies. These credits can be used to buy weapons, armor, and abilities during buy rounds. Players must manage their credits carefully to ensure they have enough to buy the weapons they need.
Skins are cosmetic items that players can apply to customize their weapons in Valorant. These skins do not affect gameplay but can make your weapons look unique and stylish. Skins can be purchased with real money or earned through in-game rewards.
Mastering the Basics
To excel in Valorant’s gunplay, players must start with mastering the basics. This includes grasping FPS mechanics, honing aiming skills, and using various guns effectively.
Understanding FPS mechanics, such as movement speed, recoil, and weapon accuracy, is fundamental. Familiarity with maps, game modes, and each character’s unique abilities is essential.
In gameplay, prioritize aim development through in-game practice and aim training. Improve movement, positioning, and communication with your team.
Regarding firearms, know the game’s weapon types, from pistols and shotguns to assault rifles and snipers. Understand each weapon’s strengths and weaknesses, and how to use them in different situations.
Mastering these basics is vital for enhancing gunplay in Valorant. By focusing on FPS mechanics, aiming, gameplay, and weapon usage, players can build the skills and experience needed for success in matches.
Abilities and Weapon Combinations
Mastering abilities and weapon combos is crucial in Valorant. Each agent has unique abilities that can be paired with weapons for an advantage.
For example, Sage’s Slow Orb slows enemies, making it easier to shoot them with rifles or snipers. Jett’s Updraft ability helps gain height for shotgun surprises.
Select combinations based on the strengths of both the agent and the weapon.
Sage’s defensive abilities pair well with high-damage weapons like snipers or assault rifles. Jett’s agility suits fast-firing weapons like SMGs or pistols.
Also, consider weapon traits; Vandal delivers high damage but has recoil, while Phantom has less recoil but lower damage.
Pick a weapon that matches your style and suits various situations.
Advanced Weapon Tactics
To truly master Valorant’s guns, players must delve into advanced tactics. These require skill, knowledge, and strategy. Key tactics include:
Recoil Control: Mastering recoil is vital for precision. Understanding spray patterns and adjusting aim increases accuracy.
Burst Firing: Firing in bursts conserves ammo and helps maintain control over weapons, enhancing accuracy.
Spamming: Rapid fire can suppress enemies or break obstacles, but it’s important to avoid wastefulness and vulnerability.
Smoke: Skilled use of smoke grenades can disrupt enemy vision and create opportunities for surprise attacks.
Tactical Knife: The tactical knife serves for melee attacks and utility but is effective only at close range.
Shields: Shields offer protection but slow down players and make headshots easier to land. They also come at a cost.
Overall, mastering advanced weapon tactics requires a combination of skill, knowledge, and strategy. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each weapon and practicing techniques such as recoil control and burst firing, players can gain an edge over their opponents and dominate the battlefield. And remember, while there may be some valorant hacks out there, true mastery of the game comes from hard work and dedication.
Valorant Weapon Guide: Final Thoughts
In conclusion, Valorant’s weapon system is vital for success. This article has explored the fundamentals, advanced tactics, and agent abilities. By mastering FPS mechanics, precise aiming, and efficient weapon usage, players can excel. It is crucial to synergize abilities and weapons. With practice, players can become formidable forces in Valorant, mastering the game’s complexity for victory and glory in this tactical arena. Good luck, agents!


Universal Short Rail Purchase Information
Note: Rails can be
ordered in un-anodized aluminum for Stainless Steel guns. Send an
email linking to
your order for aluminum rail.
Products Usually Ship Within 1-5 Business Days Via First Class Mail Except Sundays and Holidays.
NEW! Universal Dovetail Short Rail
For ANY MAKE or MODEL that has the rear sight attached to a dovetail on the barrel. NOT RECOMMENDED FOR SEMI-AUTO PISTOLS
WE RECOMMEND HAVING THE RAIL FACE REAR-WARD FOR ANY CALIBER OVER .22.
Comes Black anodized, can be special ordered in alum. color for SS guns, contact me.
This rail replaces your rear sight that is attached to the dovetail on the RIFLES's barrel. Itís designed to take SMALL OPTICS ONLY, like Red Dots, Reflex Sights, etc. on TOP EJECT GUNS. The Short Rail is NOT to be used on heavy recoiling guns larger than .44 Magnum WITH OPTICS HEAVIER THAN 5 oz.. A regular rifle scope may be used on NON-TOP EJECT guns on calibers up to .44 Magnum. It is IDEAL with SMALLER OPTICS on guns from .22 cal. up through .44 Magnum caliber guns as well as most classic pistol caliber carbines such as the Winchester Model 73, etc. The list is almost endless! If it has a dovetailed rear sight, this rail can replace it.
This rail installs with simple hand tools: NO DRILLING OR TAPPING!
ENJOY MODERN OPTICS ON MANY OF YOUR FAVORITE
This rail comes with 2 different size dovetail blocks. The small one is for American Standard 3/8″ slots. The large one is for modern foreign made guns with metric slots.
You want the block to fit very snug. They may be a little over sized for your gun
in some cases, so a little file fitting may be required.
For Every 4 Rails Order, You Get a 5th Rail FREE! Mix or Match any of the Pearson Rails!
Enjoy using modern optics on your rifle! Check out our Optics Page for our premier selections of the best optics and make a combo order of a rail and optic in one shipment! (Domestic Shipping Only)
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