Murphy proposes big hike in N.J. gun fees as some push to relax firearms laws Posted Mar 01, 2020 Gov. Phil Murphy delivers his state budget address last Tuesday at the Statehouse in Trenton.
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Federal gun laws are intended to protect the public from unlawful use of firearms, such as their illegal importation or the use of firearms in crimes. Ship, transport, or receive any ammunition as part of any interstate commerce. Transport or receive firearms purchased or obtained outside the state...Swiss gun laws are more strict than the post implies, though less tough than some other European Union countries. Swiss law requires mandatory background checks on civilian handgun purchases and licenses for the concealed carry of weapons, and it bans automatic weapons. Our ruling.Rifle Ammunition Pistol Ammunition Shotgun Ammunition Rimfire Ammunition 50 BMG Ammunition Linked | Belted Ammunition Blank Ammunition. For more information on guns and ammunition laws in your state, visit the NRA-ILA state laws page.
Existing law prescribes certain rules and requirements relating to gun shows and events, and the organizers, vendors, and participants, including required signage, notice to the Department of Justice, rules governing transactions, and rules regarding firearms brought to the event. A violation of any of these provisions is a crime. Murphy proposes big hike in N.J. gun fees as some push to relax firearms laws Posted Mar 01, 2020 Gov. Phil Murphy delivers his state budget address last Tuesday at the Statehouse in Trenton.
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Feb 02, 2018 · Gun laws in California are enforced by the state’s Department of Justice Bureau of Firearms. This state-regulated agency enforces the laws regarding the manufacture, sales, ownership, training ...
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Unfortunately, these statistics don't drill down to specific models. The U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) offers some insights with its firearms manufacturing and export reports, which tally the number of guns produced by U.S. manufacturers each year. Shop for Best Price Switzerland Gun Laws Ammo Video And Top Gun Ammo Ethridge Tn .Compare Price and Options of Switzerland Gun Laws Ammo Video And Top Gun Ammo Ethridge Tn from variety stores in usa.
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All Categories Guns & Firearms Gun Parts Scopes, Sights & Optics Ammunition Black Powder & Muzzleloaders Class 3 Firearms, NFA & Destructive Devices Collectible Firearms Holsters & Gun Leather Air Guns Ammunition Reloading Archery & Bow Hunting Books, Videos & Literature...
All Categories Guns & Firearms Gun Parts Scopes, Sights & Optics Ammunition Black Powder & Muzzleloaders Class 3 Firearms, NFA & Destructive Devices Collectible Firearms Holsters & Gun Leather Air Guns Ammunition Reloading Archery & Bow Hunting Books, Videos & Literature...Jan 05, 2018 · Possession of a firearm by the mentally ill is regulated by both state and federal laws. Federal Law. Under 18 U.S.C. § 922(d), it is unlawful for any person to sell or otherwise dispose of any firearm or ammunition to any person knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that such person “has been adjudicated as a mental defective or has been committed to any mental institution.” Brownells is your source for Handgun Ammo,Ammunition at Brownells parts and accessories. Shop our vast selection and save!
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Dec 20, 2012 · Although guns are responsible for between 200 and 300 suicides each year in Switzerland, Pro-Tell’s Suter says these statistics have to be put in a wider perspective. He points out that the bullets used in suicides are only a tiny fraction of the 75 million rounds of ammunition that are fired each year in Switzerland during military and ... In all Ukrainian airports, passengers' (Switzerland). In airports outside Ukraine the check is exercised by representatives of authorized law enforcement bodies, according to the UIA charges a special handling fee for carrying firearms and ammunition, as well as certain types of cold weapons...With bulk .223 ammo, 9mm handgun cartridges, and other great rounds, Ammo To Go is the primary online source for all your cheap, bulk rounds for range training as well as specialty/self-defense ammunition from names you trust like Federal, Winchester and Hornady! We are happy to supply sportsmen, hunters, sport shooters and law enforcement ...
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Oct 05, 2017 · The mass shooting is Las Vegas has brought fresh attention to the lax gun laws in Nevada, which allow people to buy and own their firearms without a background check, license, or weapon registration. Across the nation, thousands of individuals are hurt or killed because they’ve used defective guns and firearms in recreational and sports activities. Boca Raton firearm injury attorney Gregg Hollander and his team at the Hollander Law Firm have a solid reputation for outstanding service and tenacious representation of victims injured in:
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Sep 23, 2017 · Gun Store For those of you who collect antiques… Good news! As long as the firearm you are buying qualifies as an antique firearm, you don’t have to worry about any of the gun laws we just talked about! Antique firearms are treated like any other non-fire
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Mar 26, 2015 · Switzerland’s laws require having a permit in order to be able to buy certain firearms, but these are attainable with minimal and straightforward bureaucracy. Czech Republic. Czech Republic is another place in Europe where you can enjoy the benefits of gun ownership without having to deal with much government paperwork. ZQI Ammunition is committed to helping meet the demands of Americans for high-quality brass cased, boxer primed ammunition. This is a newly manufactured, high-quality NATO-spec cartridge with a reloadable case.
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Switzerland has 45.7 guns per 100 residents. ... 7. 35 guns for every 100 Saudis. While firearms ownership and licensing are highly regulated in this country, Saudi Arabia is known to have a ...
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• Gun Deals: Smith & Wesson M&P SHIELD 9mm Just $426.49 FREE S&H CODE • History of Wolf Ammo • ID: Kuna May be Idaho’s Next Second Amendment Sanctuary City • KelTec: The 5.7mm P50 Pistol is real and on the Way • Montana: Permitless Carry Legislation Introduced in the House and Scheduled for Hearing Tomorrow! May 31, 2017 · Higher taxes on ammunition, reinstating a ban on mail-order ammunition sales, background checks at the point of purchase for ammunition, a limitation on the number of rounds one has (stockpiling) and a restriction on types of ammunition were proposed, according to Plugging the Bullet Holes in U.S. Gun Law: An Ammunition-Based Proposal for ...
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For many Swiss citizens, guns are as central to their identity as the Alps. But their attitude toward weapons - and the laws by which their guns are governed Since 2007, army-issued ammunition cannot be kept at home. A gun under the bed for self-protection? Impossible in Switzerland.Nov 24, 2020 · U.S. public opinion on the strictness of laws covering firearms sale 1990-2020 Support for stricter gun control laws U.S. 2019 Support for protecting or limiting gun ownership rights U.S. 2019


This knife is from Supernatural.One of mine and my girlfriends favourite TV shows.
It’s one of the only weapons that can kill a demon.
We had to create a prop out of one of our favourite games or films. So I picked this knife because It was a new challenge. I didn’t get the bump mapping on the blade exactly how I wanted but it turned out really nice nonetheless.


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The kind of scope you require depends upon the type of target you intend to shoot. If you are hunting big game at a range of around 100 yards or less, you won't require a high-power rifle scope. Any scope with a range of more than 7x or 8x is unnecessary. If you are hunting from a further distance, you'll want a more powerful scope.
When it comes to long-range shooting, aim for high-quality optics and scopes built to deliver repeatable, high-performance outcomes, whether on the shooting range or in the field.
Find trusted brands providing expert craftsmanship and secure rifle scopes for rifles with sturdy, quality Bases and Rings from the selection of Rifle Scopes, Red Dot Sights, and Weapon Laser Sights.
High-quality scopes and optics give you a competitive edge in gaining a clear and accurate view of your target and the terrain around you. With suitable optics and gear, including Night Vision and Thermal Imaging, you can take the first step towards effective and successful night hunting.
Gain The Advantage Of Clear Sight
Riflescopes offer quickened target acquisition, magnification, and improved accuracy. When you are out in nature or at the shooting range, hunting or practicing with your firearm, rifle scopes come in handy when it comes to sighting targets fast.
Riflescopes are available in three main styles: fixed zoom, variable zoom, and a combination of both. Each offers distinct advantages depending on the activities and terrain where you'll be hunting or shooting.
Generally, Variable Zoom Riflescopes are the most versatile scopes because they come with a wide magnification range that you can change them as needed. However, these typically have larger lenses, which is why it's crucial to choose one that best suits your needs for shooting sports and hunting, given the type of terrain, lighting conditions, and size of your hands.
Fixed Zoom Riflescopes are known to have a magnification power of 3x or 4x, so they tend to be smaller in size.
Combination riflescopes offer both Fixed Zoom and Variable Zoom features, allowing you to switch from one magnification setting to another depending on the type of shooting or hunting activity, as well as the game you're hunting.
Choosing The Best Scopes And Optics For Your Needs
As it applies to outfitting yourself with the best rifle scopes, there are several factors that you must consider. If rifle hunting multiple types of game in various terrains is in your plans, then choosing a Variable Zoom Riflescope with a wide magnification range will be perfect.
Suppose you are going for a hunting trip that involves shooting at short distances only. In that case, Fixed Zoom Riflescopes are the right option for you because they typically have a magnification power of 3x or 4x.
At Texas Shooting Supply, we offer the best brands and finest rifle scopes, optics, and scopes for sale with unmatched quality and prices. With our wide selection of trusted Scopes And Optics, including Rifle Scopes, Red Dot Sights, and more at your preferred price range, we make it easier than ever to choose the right product for you.


Starky is a white alien from the world of Chrono Cross.
Starky is an intelligent alien. He is capable of pointing out flaws in Chikara's ideas. Starky's bad habit is his talkativeness. He often speaks too much and out of place (such as teasing Yoshino for angering Chikara), and sometimes causes Chikara to either yell at him or smack his head to silence him. Despite his seemingly insensitive way of behaving and bratty exterior, he is actually loyal. He cares for Chikara, and when Hachiro is angry at Chikara for his suspicion of neglecting Starky, he jumps out to yell at Hachiro to straighten the fact.
Combat Ability Edit
Starky fights with his ray gun. Starky's fighting style is dealing damage while preventing damage to him because he is fairly fragile. Being small, Starky possesses great agility and the foe often finds trouble hitting him.
Raydiation (レイブラスト or Reiburasuto) Edit
Starky's signature move is charging up light energy in his ray gun before firing a huge burst of light. It is powerful enough to drive a foe to a wall before exploding violently, damaging everything nearby upon detonating.
Flash Shot (フラッシュショット or Furasshushotto) Edit
Starky fires a small projectile of light, which will explode and yield a sudden flash. This temporarily blinds everybody nearby, which serves as an excellent distraction.
First Form Edit
Starky evolves into a humanoid alien that stands as tall as an adult human. Despite the growth, Starky still retains his agility. Combined with his giant rifle (complete with a bayonet molded on it), Starky fares much better in physical combat in this form, in addition to powerful magic attacks. The barrel of the rifle can deal out pain when it hits the foe, while the bayonet can cause a cut or a stab wound when it hits something
Plasma Cannonball (プラズマ砲弾 or Purazuma Hōdan) Edit
Starky gathers light energy before the muzzle of his rifle. The energy will soon form a huge, solid sphere of light after a moment. Starky sends it hurtling towards the foe by pulling the trigger of his rifle. This diffuses any magic attacks and will explode when it hits a solid object.
Maximal Raydiation (超レイブラスト or Chō Reiburasuto) Edit
Starky charges up light energy in his giant rifle before firing a huge burst of light. This is a stronger version of Raydiation.


This past weekend I had the pleasure of taking a ride in the EAA’s restored B-17 bomber the “Aluminum Overcast”. It was an amazing experience. A rare look into what our WWII Soldier’s, Airmen, and Marines experienced. The restoration only allowed for a few additional seats (for tour flights) and upgraded electronics. Other than that it is the way it was off the line.
The B-17 is a Boeing aircraft first produced in 1935. The B in the designation stands for Boeing, not bomber as is often guessed. It went through several iterations over the production years and finished with the -G model.
Though it failed and fatally crashed its demonstration flight for the Army in 1935, the US Army Air Corps (USAAC), which became the US Army Air Force (USAAF) was still significantly impressed that they ordered 13 for testing in a service environment. The crash was attributed to a gust lock that was left in place.
A reporter during the test flight exclaimed “Wow, its a flying fortress”. Capable of brandishing 13 .50 caliber machine guns for defense of the plane, the bigger firepower was the bombs they were carrying. Each machine gun only had 1 belt of bullets as they were not the primary offensive weapon of the war bird. Boeing was quick to capitalize on the compliment and ran with the name Flying Fortress.
During the 10 year production run of the B-17 over 12,000 were made. While only 13 were originally ordered, the request for more bombers quickly increased. The demand was more than Boeing could keep up with so they subcontracted out a portion of the planes to what is now Lockheed Martin.
One of the reasons for the success of the plane was the technological advances on board. The then-secret Norden Bombsight was an analog computer designed to calculate when to release the bombs to hit the desired target. This was very effective during the super secret test flights around 17,000 feet. However, the accuracy of the bombing missions went down during actual operations around 30,000+ feet. The technology was advanced for the time, but certainly not as accurate as we have today.
The fate of the more than 12,000 B-17’s is rather sad. 4,735 were lost to combat missions. With the advent of the jet age many B-17s were scrapped after the war in favor of the faster, stealthier planes. To date, there are only about 100 B-17 air frames that remain with much fewer than that in an airworthy condition. In fact, less than 15 are still capable of taking to the skies.
The reputation of the B-17 had it eventually operating in almost every combat zone of World War II.
During the war, the USAAF deployed the B-17 to Europe to bomb strategic German Industrial and Military targets. A hearty plane, it had a reputation to take a beating and still get the troops back home. It was also a work horse in the air. The B-17 is credited with the most bombs dropped during the war than any other type of aircraft. A little more than 1/3’d the total tonnage of bombs dropped during the war was from the B-17 model aircraft.
The 19th Bombardment group, which was operating out of the Philippines lost half of their B-17 fleet during the attack on Pearl Harbor. They were on a refueling and rearming stop and couldn’t become airborne fast enough.
The B-17 wasn’t as effective in the Pacific as it was over Europe. With such battles as the Battle of Midway and the Battle of Coral Sea the B-17 was hitting their targets about 1% of the time. Due to the nature of the fighting the order came to replace the Flying Fortress with a more capable bomber once the B-24 was made available.
EAA Aluminum Overcast
This beauty is a 1945 B-17G-VE. Delivered to the Army Air Force too late for the war it never saw combat, however it has been a great many things in its life.
It was purchased as army surplus in 1946 for $750. Talk about a real bargan for the buyer and a sucker punch to the tax payer. It was used as a cargo hauler, aerial mapper and forest duster as a few of its jobs.
It was bought by a B-17 restoration group in 1978 and they worked to restore it to its military glory. The cost of such an undertaking was overwhelming. They decided to donate it to the EAA in the hopes that the organization could finish what was started.
The Aluminum Overcast got its name one day while it was flying and a photographer was taking pictures in a plane underneath it. I think it was the pilot of the photography plane that was talking about an aluminum overcast layer as the B-17 blocked the sun for most of the trip. True or not that makes for a good naming story.
The Aluminum Overcast is making several stops around the country. You can book a flight an the EAA’s website or even request a stop to be added.
The crew requests that you are at the flight location for check-in an hour early. This allows you to get all the paperwork finalized and finish up payment as needed. As well as plenty of time for your flight breifing and pictures.
You recieve a token plane ticket for your memorabilia box and a copy of the history of the Aluminmum Overcast as well as a copy of your flight briefing. After all, how many times can you say your flight’s emergency exits include the bomb bay doors?
After both a crew brief and then the pilot’s brief we were loaded up.
I was lucky to have the extra jump seat in the cockpit as my seat for the ride.
Once we were airborne our lead crew member allowed everyone to unbuckle and move about the plane. This was the best time to craw into the nose gunner’s pit.
Walk through the bomb area.
And see the view from the side machine guns.
After approximately 30 minutes of flight we were instructed to return to our seats as we headed back for the touchdown and taxi back to parking.
Boeing had one heck of a plane built and it was worth every penny to take a flight in such a historic plane.


3 edition of weapons of mass destruction program of Iraq found in the catalog.
weapons of mass destruction program of Iraq
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities.
by U.S. G.P.O., For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [Congressional Sales Office] in Washington
Written in English
|Series||S. hrg. ;, 107-573|
|LC Classifications||KF26 .A749 2002|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||iii, 114 p. :|
|Number of Pages||114|
|LC Control Number||2002485098|
As the war planning progressed, on Decem , Tenet and his top deputy, John McLaughlin, went to the White House to brief Bush and Cheney on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, Woodward. Witnesses testified about reported findings of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, including a recent report of munitions containing serin and mustard gas. Defense Department officials and.
Former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell in a new book said he blames himself for not trusting his instinct and making what proved to be false assertions to the United Nations about Iraq's possession of weapons of mass destruction, Bloomberg reported earlier this month (see GSN, Feb. 17, ).. Powell's high-profile February prewar presentation to the U.N. Security Council included. The idea of weapons of mass destruction being un-Islamic has repeatedly surfaced in the Islamic Republic over the years, with Khamenei saying as recently as June that "religious verdicts prohibit.
President Bush spoke about the release of a recent report on weapons of mass destruction in President conceded that the report reveals that Iraq had no active program to produce chemical. Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs Iraq has continued its weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs in defiance of UN resolutions and restrictions. Baghdad has chemical and biological weapons as well as missiles with ranges in excess of UN restrictions; if left unchecked, it probably will have a nuclear weapon during this decade.
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Richard Butler, career diplomat from Down Under, authored this book in about his experiences fighting for nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation, and then as the head of the UNSCOM weapons inspection program in Iraq during the ' by: 5.
Richard Butler, career diplomat from Down Under, authored this book in about his experiences fighting for nuclear disarmament, non-proliferation, and then as the head of the UNSCOM weapons inspection program in Iraq during the 's.
The book plays out chronologically, beginning with a history of nuclear proliferation during the Cold War /5(14). A secretive PR firm working for the Pentagon helped create the Iraqi National Congress (INC), which became one of the driving forces behind the decision to go to war.
Weapons of Mass Deception is the first book to expose the aggressive public relations campaign used to sell the American public on the war with Iraq. Apparently, though it satisfies the curiosity of people around the world regarding Iraq's weapons of mass destruction programs, the main purpose of this convoluted book is to please those anonymous officials within the American government whose radical neoconservative ideology dictated an invasion of Iraq.
The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has continued to give cause for concern even after the end of the Cold War. This book analyses how the prospects for proliferation have changed since the s, particularly in light of the Gulf War and the UN inspections of Iraq. It will examine the.
Book Description The establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons, a concept more recently broadened to cover all weapons of mass destruction (WMD), has been before the international community for decades. Whatever happened to Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.
Ask USA TODAY We invaded the country less than two years after the Sept. 11 attacks amid accusations from the Bush administration of WMD. Brown’s intervention will reopen the debate about Britain’s decision to join the US-led invasion of Iraq.
Tony Blair used the assertion that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction Author: Michael Savage. Iraq WMD Timeline: How the Mystery Unraveled Iraq's history with chemical, biological and nuclear weapons -- commonly referred to as "weapons of mass destruction" (WMD) -.
Weapons of Mass Destruction book. Read 2 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. For patriots like Billy Sinclair, the Iraq War started o /5. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Greatest Threat: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the Crisis of Global Security by Richard Butler (, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay.
Free shipping for many products!5/5(1). Source: CIA Electronic Reading Room, released by Mandatory Declassification Review From toIraq was involved in an unusual weapons program, codenamed Project Babylon. The project's objective was the development and production of several large caliber guns, including a 1,millimeter-diameter supergun.
Claim: “The Iraq war began sixteen years ago tomorrow. There is a myth about the war that I have been meaning to set straight for years.
After no WMDs were found, the left claimed ‘Bush lied. People died.’ Lacks Context. - Buy Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs book online at best prices in India on Read Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs book reviews & author details and more at Free delivery on qualified : Director of Central Intelligence Agency.
The military potential of Iraq, and especially its development of weapons of mass destruction, must be considered as much for its intimidation value as for any actual utility in a possible war. A realistic assessment of Iraq's future capabilities, says Cordesman, must take into account these political and strategic factors as purely military 1/5(1).
Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber's "Weapons of Mass Destruction" is a timely book that provides valuable context and analysis about the recent war with Iraq. The authors are seasoned media critics who are skilled at deconstructing propaganda and unearthing the motives that drive U.S.
policy in the Middle by: Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabi (Arabic: رافد أحمد علوان الجنابي , Rāfid Aḥmad Alwān; born ), known by the Defense Intelligence Agency cryptonym "Curveball", is a German citizen who defected from Iraq inclaiming that he had worked as a chemical engineer at a plant that manufactured mobile biological weapon laboratories as part of an Iraqi weapons of mass Alma mater: Baghdad University.
A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, or any other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to numerous humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the scope and usage of the term has evolved and been disputed, often signifying more politically than technically.
Book TV Weekends on C-SPAN2; Iraqi Weapons Program. Views Program ID: Witnesses testified about reported findings of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. Saddam Hussein destroyed his last weapons of mass destruction more than a decade ago and his capacity to build new ones had been dwindling for years by the time of the Iraq Author: Julian Borger.
David Kay, the president’s hand-picked weapons of mass destruction snoop in Iraq, has resigned and criticized U.S. intelligence for not realizing that such Iraqi weapons programs were in disarray.A great deal has been said and written about the National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iraq’s Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Much of this commentary has been misinformed, misleading, and just plain wrong. It is important to set the record straight. Let me make three points. We stand by the judgments in the NIE.For the past three years, the news media has told us on a daily basis that Saddam had no weapons of mass destruction, no biological and chemical weapons.
The rumors of a nuclear program were either fabricated or greatly exaggerated. Now America is in Iraq for a long duration and is responsible for needless suffering and shameful destruction.


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The Marauder is a military vehicle designed to operate in any condition thanks to its all-round armour and advanced traction capabilities.
It has a 6.7-litre, six cylinder engine and reaches 0-60km/h in 17 seconds, with a top speed of 120km/h. It produces 221kW of power and 1 100Nm of torque.
Aaron Borrill got to experience the beast first hand.
Catch the full review in the December 2011 issue of GQ.


As the U.S. Army and the national security community seek a sense of what potential conflicts in the near future might be like, they see the distinct potential for large tank battles. Will technological advances change the character of armored warfare? Perhaps, but it seems more likely that the next big tank battles – if they occur – will likely resemble those from the past.
One aspect of future battle of great interest to military planners is probably going to tank loss rates in combat. In a previous post, I looked at the analysis done by Trevor Dupuy on the relationship between tank and personnel losses in the U.S. experience during World War II. Today, I will take a look at his analysis of historical tank loss rates.
In general, Dupuy identified that a proportional relationship exists between personnel casualty rates in combat and losses in tanks, guns, trucks, and other equipment. (His combat attrition verities are discussed here.) Looking at World War II division and corps-level combat engagement data in 1943-1944 between U.S., British and German forces in the west, and German and Soviet forces in the east, Dupuy found similar patterns in tank loss rates.
In combat between two division/corps-sized, armor-heavy forces, Dupuy found that the tank loss rates were likely to be between five to seven times the personnel casualty rate for the winning side, and seven to 10 for the losing side. Additionally, defending units suffered lower loss rates than attackers; if an attacking force suffered a tank losses seven times the personnel rate, the defending forces tank losses would be around five times.
Dupuy also discovered the ratio of tank to personnel losses appeared to be a function of the proportion of tanks to infantry in a combat force. Units with fewer than six tanks per 1,000 troops could be considered armor supporting, while those with a density of more than six tanks per 1,000 troops were armor-heavy. Armor supporting units suffered lower tank casualty rates than armor heavy units.
Dupuy looked at tank loss rates in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and found that they were consistent with World War II experience.
What does this tell us about possible tank losses in future combat? That is a very good question. One guess that is reasonably certain is that future tank battles will probably not involve forces of World War II division or corps size. The opposing forces will be brigade combat teams, or more likely, battalion-sized elements.
Dupuy did not have as much data on tank combat at this level, and what he did have indicated a great deal more variability in loss rates. Examples of this can be found in the tables below.
These data points showed some consistency, with a mean of 6.96 and a standard deviation of 6.10, which is comparable to that for division/corps loss rates. Personnel casualty rates are higher and much more variable than those at the division level, however. Dupuy stated that more research was necessary to establish a higher degree of confidence and relevance of the apparent battalion tank loss ratio. So one potentially fruitful area of research with regard to near future combat could very well be a renewed focus on historical experience.
Trevor N. Dupuy, Attrition: Forecasting Battle Casualties and Equipment Losses in Modern War (Falls Church, VA: NOVA Publications, 1995), pp. 41-43; 81-90; 102-103


The Rif or Riff (Berber: ⴰⵔⵔⵉⴼ Arrif, Arabic: الريف Al-Rif) is a mainly mountainous cultural region in the northern part of the Kingdom of Morocco. The Rif has some fertile plains and stretches from Cape Spartel and Tangier in the west to Berkane and the Melwiyya River in the east and from the Mediterranean in the north to the Ouergha River in the south. It is separated into Eastern Rif (Al Hoceima, Driouch, Nador, Berkane) and Western Rif (Tanger, Tetouan, Chefchaouen, Taounate).
In March 2002, the secretary of state for defence Geoff Hoon stated that the UK was prepared to use nuclear weapons against "rogue states" such as Iraq if they ever used "weapons of mass destruction" against British troops in the field. This policy was restated in February 2003. In April 2017 Defence Secretary Michael Fallon confirmed that the UK would use nuclear weapons in a "pre-emptive initial strike" in "the most extreme circumstances". Fallon stated in a parliamentary answer that the UK has neither a 'first use' or 'no first use' in its nuclear weapon policy so that its adversaries would not know when the UK would launch nuclear strikes.
Israel has said that it "would not be the first country in the Middle East to formally introduce nuclear weapons into the region."If Israel's very existence is threatened, some speculate that Israel would use a "Samson Option," a "last resort" deterrence strategy of massive retaliation with nuclear weapons, should the State of Israel be substantially damaged and/or near destruction. According to Israeli historian Avner Cohen, Israel's policy on nuclear weapons, which was set down in 1966, revolves around four "red lines" which could lead to an Israeli nuclear response:
Rhona MacDonald: Nuclear Weapons 60 Years On: Still a Global Public Health Threat. In: PLoS Medicine. 2(11)/2005. Public Library of Science, e301, ISSN 1549-1277
Harold A. Feiveson, Ernst Jan Hogendoorn: No First Use of Nuclear Weapons. In: The Nonproliferation Review. 10(2)/2003. The Center for Nonproliferation Studies, ISSN 1073-6700
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shamshad Ahmad warned that if Pakistan is ever invaded or attacked, it will use "any weapon in its arsenal" to defend itself.Pakistan refuses to adopt a no first use doctrine and indicates that it would launch nuclear weapons even if the other side did not use such weapons first. Pakistan's asymmetric nuclear posture has significant influence on India's ability to retaliate, as shown in 2001 and 2008 crises, when non-state actors carried out deadly terrorist attacks on India, only to be met with a relatively subdued response from India. A military spokesperson stated that "Pakistan's threat of nuclear first-use deterred India from seriously considering conventional military strikes."Pakistan's National Security Advisor Sartaj Aziz defended the policy of first use. Aziz stated that Pakistan's first use doctrine is entirely deterrent in nature. He explained that it was effective after the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and argued that if Pakistan had a no first use policy, there would have been a major war between the two countries.
China became the first nation to propose and pledge NFU policy when it first gained nuclear capabilities in 1964, stating "not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time or under any circumstances." During the Cold War, China decided to keep the size of its nuclear arsenal small, rather than compete in an international arms race with the United States and the Soviet Union. China has repeatedly reaffirmed its no-first-use policy in recent years, doing so in 2005, 2008, 2009 and again in 2011. China has also consistently called on the United States to adopt a no-first-use policy, to reach an NFU agreement bilaterally with China, and to conclude an NFU agreement among the five nuclear weapon states. The United States has repeatedly refused these calls.
India first adopted a "no first use" policy after its second nuclear tests, Pokhran-II, in 1998. In August 1999, the Indian government released a draft of the doctrine which asserts that nuclear weapons are solely for deterrence and that India will pursue a policy of "retaliation only". The document also maintains that India "will not be the first to initiate a nuclear first strike, but will respond with punitive retaliation should deterrence fail" and that decisions to authorise the use of nuclear weapons would be made by the prime minister or his 'designated successor(s)'. According to the National Research Development Corporation, despite the escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan in 2001–2002, India remained committed to its nuclear no-first-use policy. India is in the process of developing a nuclear doctrine based on "credible minimum deterrence".
Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and France say that they will use nuclear weapons against either nuclear or non-nuclear states only in the case of invasion or other attack against their territory or against one of their allies. Historically, NATO military strategy, taking into account the numerical superiority of Warsaw Pact conventional forces, assumed that tactical nuclear weapons would have to be used to defeat a Soviet invasion.At the 16th NATO summit in April 1999, Germany proposed that NATO adopt a no-first-use policy, but the proposal was rejected.
Although Israel does not officially confirm or deny having nuclear weapons, the country is widely believed to be in possession of them. Its continued ambiguous stance puts it in a difficult position since to issue a statement pledging 'no first use' would confirm their possession of nuclear weapons.
The United States has refused to adopt a no first use policy and says that it "reserves the right to use" nuclear weapons first in the case of conflict. The US doctrine for the use of nuclear weapons was revised most recently in the Nuclear Posture Review, released April 6, 2010. The 2010 Nuclear Posture review reduces the role of U.S. nuclear weapons, "The fundamental role of U.S. nuclear weapons, which will continue as long as nuclear weapons exist, is to deter nuclear attack on the United States, our allies, and partners." The U.S. doctrine also includes the following assurance to other states: "The United States will not use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states that are party to the NPT and in compliance with their nuclear non-proliferation obligations."For states eligible for the assurance, the United States would not use nuclear weapons in response to a chemical or biological attack but states that those responsible for such an attack would be held accountable and would face the prospect of a devastating conventional military response. Even for states that are not eligible for the assurance, the United States would consider the use of nuclear weapons only in extreme circumstances to defend the vital interests of the United States or its allies and partners. The Nuclear Posture Review also notes, "It is in the U.S. interest and that of all other nations that the nearly 65-year record of nuclear non-use be extended forever."This supersedes the doctrine of the George W. Bush administration set forth in "Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations" and written under the direction of Air Force General Richard Myers, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The new doctrine envisions commanders requesting presidential approval to use nuclear weapons to preempt an attack by a nation or a terrorist group using weapons of mass destruction. The draft also includes the option of using nuclear weapons to destroy known enemy stockpiles of nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons.
Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un stated that North Korea would "not use nuclear weapons first unless aggressive hostile forces use nuclear weapons to invade on our sovereignty" during the 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea in 2016. However, two months earlier, he had threatened a pre-emptive attack against the United States using nuclear weapons over their joint US-South Korean military exercises near the Korean peninsula.
In August 2016, President Barack Obama reportedly considered adopting a 'No First Use' policy. Obama was persuaded by several Cabinet officials that 'No First Use' would rattle U.S. allies and decided not to take up the policy.In 2017, there were efforts to either require congressional approval for a pre-emptive nuclear strike or to ban it altogether and impose an NFU policy.
In a speech at the National Defence College on October 21, 2010 by India's National Security Advisor, Shivshankar Menon, the wording was changed from "no first use" to "no first use against non-nuclear weapon states", but some argued that it was not a substantive change but "an innocent typographical or lexical error in the text of the speech." Prime Minister Modi has, before the recent general elections, reiterated commitment to a no first use policy. In April 2013, Shyam Saran, convener of the National Security Advisory Board, affirmed that regardless of the size of a nuclear attack against India, be it a tactical nuclear weapon or a strategic nuclear weapon, India will retaliate massively. That was in response to reports that Pakistan had developed a tactical battlefield nuclear weapon in an attempt to supposedly nullify an Indian "no first use" retaliatory doctrine. On 10 November 2016, the Indian Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar questioned the no first use policy of India and asked why should India “bind” itself when it is a “responsible nuclear power.” He clarified that it was his personal opinion.Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, speaking on the death anniversary of former Prime Minister AB Vajpayee on 16 August 2019, said that India's no first use policy might change depending upon the "circumstances." Vajpayee's government conducted the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998.
in response to the use of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction against it or its allies, and also
NATO has repeatedly rejected calls for adopting NFU policy, arguing that pre-emptive nuclear strike is a key option, in order to have a credible deterrent that could compensate for the overwhelming conventional weapon superiority enjoyed by the Soviet Army in the Eurasian land mass. In 1993, Russia dropped a pledge against first use of nuclear weapons made in 1982 by Leonid Brezhnev. In 2000, a Russian military doctrine stated that Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons "in response to a large-scale conventional aggression".
No first use (NFU) refers to a pledge or a policy by a nuclear power not to use nuclear weapons as a means of warfare unless first attacked by an adversary using nuclear weapons. Earlier, the concept had also been applied to chemical and biological warfare.


Monster Hunter International - Texas Division
MHI Special Issue Body Armor
Body Armor for the Hunter
Basic MHI Armor stats
Armor Rating: 3/3 (general attacks / firearms attacks up to and including pistols)
Strength Requirement: 2
With Ceramic Plates added for Extra Protection
Armor Rating: 3/4 (general attacks / firearms attacks up to and including rifles)
Strength Requirement: 2
The armor is a modular system that can be configured by the user depending on the threat. The basic armor turns lethal melee attacks into bashing attacks. Chest and head are “bullet proof” meaning anything up to and including a pistol shot will be downgraded from lethal to bashing damage.
With the ceramic plates added, the hunter is slower but better protected from firearms. Firearms attacks up to and including rifle rounds will be downgraded to bashing.
The armor is also equipped with lots of webbing and pouches to hold tools, a flotation device, and a GPS.
Paraphrased from Chapter 5 of Monster Hunter, International
A thick layer of stab-proof Kevlar covered the vital organs. Though not much heavier than regular thick clothing, the sleeves and pant legs had the same fibers sewn into the fabric. There was a neck guard that could be raised to resemble a turtle neck to protect against bites. Most of the threats we would face would involve teeth or claws, so unlike regular body armor, ours was designed for that rather than for bullet resistance.
The helmet, an armored monstrosity that looked kind of like a motorcycle helmet with a full visor and face shield, could be attached to the neck guard. With the heavy gloves and big helmet, a suited Monster Hunter could become a chew toy for a pile of zombies and come out gnawed on, but unbitten.
The armor had lots of extras designed just for the people in our peculiar business. A CO2 cartridge was carried in the shoulder harness. In case of emergency it could be activated and the harness would inflate. Handy if you got dumped into deep water, because it was difficult to swim while strapped with piles of gear. My understanding was that Sam, our former SEAL, had insisted on that device. Each suit also had a GPS unit for navigation, which occasionally came in handy to locate a Hunter’s body when the bad guys won.
The armor could be ordered in whatever color you wanted, as long as it was black, olive drab, or coyote brown. There was not a lot of use for festive colors in monster hunting.


The gun is situated on the left-hand side of the Dalek. It is an icon in its own right. The design has evolved slightly over the years but any standard gun, from any era, is clearly recognizable as being from a Dalek.
In the 1960s...
The very first TV guns set the standard for almost all Dalek weaponry that followed. They were built from a central aluminium tube surrounded by eight lengths of rod, bent at the front and rear. Threaded onto the tube, underneath the rods, were three pieces of octagonal Perspex.
These had a thin border and spokes painted onto them in silver. Replica versions are still made in exactly the same way today, though epoxy resin is often used to attach the rods, rather than the brazing or welding that was used on the originals.
The central 'exterminator' part consisted of a metal rod that had a series of thin metal 'leaves' attached to it. These open up like petals when the rod is extended out of the end of the barrel.
The guns made for both Dalek movies were of a very similar design to the TV versions. However, they vary in three main ways: Firstly, the inner tube is of a slightly bigger diameter. Secondly, the plastic octagons seen on the early TV props were not used. Thirdly, there is no internal firing mechanism, just a plain hollow tube.
The tube diameter was increased and the central mechanism removed in order to facilitate the addition of carbon dioxide (Co2) as a visual effect when the gun was fired. Clouds of white gas were pumped through the tube during 'exterminations'. The effect is enhanced by the amount of gas able to travel through the larger-bore, unrestricted tube.
By 1966 the TV Dalek guns were undergoing replacement and refurbishment. At this point the three octagonal plastic discs were dropped from the design, making the TV guns look like slimmed-down versions of the movie guns. The inner firing mechanism was retained.
This modification could have been prompted by the filtering through of movie props and parts into the TV series. There would have been an effort to keep all available props looking as similar as possible for continuity purposes.
In the 1970s...
The later 1960s guns were used right through the 1970s with no change to the basic design. The only significant cosmetic change was to the colour. Most of the guns from this period tend to be black. Once again, this may have been an attempt to cover up the fact that they were suffering from a good amount of wear and tear.
Most of the guns from the 1970s have a distinctive 'crimped' look. The rods are bent inwards towards the centre of the gun. This has happened due to the continuous handling of the props. The guns were used as 'handles' for pushing and pulling the props around. Some builders actually re-create this look when building 1970s Daleks.
The biggest departure in Dalek gun design came during the story Death To The Daleks. The plot required the Daleks to be fitted with replacement guns that fired bullets rather than a death ray. This unique gun design only appears in this story. It resembles the barrel of a machine gun. Longer than the standard gun, it has a series of holes drilled into the barrel sides.
It is topped off with the tail fin from a mortar shell, giving the 'business end' a dangerous military look. On-screen, the guns actually do appear to fire something, though it is unclear what it is. It is highly likely that compressed air was used to achieve the effect.
In the 1980s...
Many of the battered guns from the 1970s also appear in the 1980s. Additionally, new guns were made for the Renegade and Imperial Daleks. These follow the classic design but vary slightly in the width of the rods used and the angle/diameter of the rod curves.
The most notable change was the introduction of a new gun colour, on the Imperial Daleks. Sporting the traditional eight rods, these guns were painted in 'Antique Gold' and were slightly more open than the original guns. Note the very small amount of space left between the tip and the start of the rods.
2005 to present...
The 2005 version of the gun is very similar to those that came before it. It still has the central barrel and eight surrounding rods. The main difference is the addition of bezels where the rods join the barrel. Two machined aluminium collars have been added, filling out the overall look of the gun, making it seem more alien and dangerous.
The eight rods (thicker than on previous guns) give the gun an angular look and no longer bend in a gradual curve. Instead, the rods have two definite bends. There is no internal firing mechanism on these guns. All the new guns are practically identical with the exception of the damaged gun seen in the 2005 episode Dalek.
2010 to 2012...
The guns on the five re-designed Daleks are completely new constructions. They are much longer than the standard Dalek guns and are made up of many more components. The central tube (rod) has groove detailing cut into its surface and is encased within a clear plastic tube. Black disks have been added, near the front of the barrel. These match the eye disks.
The outer rods now have extra detailing on their ends. They are mounted into heavy-duty aluminium bezels, front and rear. The look is completed with the addition of a turned, nozzle like barrel end which has a much smaller opening than any previous Dalek gun.
2019 to 2021...
In 2019, in the episode Resolution, we see a Dalek being reconstructed by the Dalek creature using items found while it is trapped on the planet Earth. The gun is very basic and with the traditional rods replaced by flat edged 'fins', CNC cut from sheet aluminium. There appear to be only five 'fins' fitted. Despite its basic design, it is clearly identifiable as a Dalek gun.
By the time the Security Drone Daleks have been developed, in the 2021 story Revolution Of The Daleks, the guns look much more like those seen on the standard new series Daleks. The 'fins' have been retained and expanded; their number increased to six... not quite the standard eight piece configuration we are used to. They are fitted to the gun barrel using bezels of a similar type to those used on the earlier bronze Daleks.
In the 2022 New Year's Day special, Eve Of The Daleks we see a completely new style of Dalek gun. The rear of the gun is much the same as seen previously on the New Series Daleks, but the front has been re-designed to resemble a Gatling gun. Eight barrels surround the central tube, with the rods from a standard gun attached at the rear. Each barrel (and the centre) is illuminated with a blue laser effect when the gun is fired. The 'Gatling' assembly also revolves as the gun is activated.
The bezel from an existing New Series gun has been re-purposed and fitted to the central barrel, with the laser array attached around it. The holes where the original gun rods would have been mounted face forward and are clearly visible.


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The spear project came about back in 2013 when Chris Allen heard a sermon at his church about David and Goliath. I’m sure that most of us have heard that story many times in our lives. However, this time when Chris heard it, God got his attention and planted in him the desire to make Goliath’s spear.
Well, wanting Goliath’s spear and actually being able to have it are two totally different things, never the less that is how it began.
It didn't take Chris long to find out that Goliath's spear has not yet been discovered. Without the advantage of archaeological evidence, making the spear would be no easy task. That being the case, why not make it exist? Why not make Goliath's spear as Biblically accurate as possible? Why not make it out of the same materials that Goliath would have had at the time using the same methods?
If you’re going to make Goliath’s spear and you want it to be Biblically accurate, you first have to address a series of questions. Here are just a few that had to be researched.
How big was his spear?
What is a weaver’s beam?
How much does a shekel of iron weigh?
What’s the difference between a spear and a javelin?
Explore this site to discover the answers to these questions and experience the magnitude of this deadly weapon in the different stages of construction.


By late 1916 the German High Command were becoming desperately short of manpower on the Western Front. Germany’s strategic position was seriously overstretched. She was having to field armies not only in Europe but also in Tsarist Russia, the Middle East and northern Italy. Her losses on the Somme and at Verdun had seriously depleted her forces. Allied losses, though serious, could be made up from Commonwealth troops, and Lloyd George was confident that America was ready to enter the war. The British naval blockade of the Baltic denied the Axis of vital raw materials and foodstuffs, whilst Britain was supplied from America and Canada. The German military knew they had one last chance of winning the war: to strike before American re-enforcements arrived in Europe.
The military solution to the problem was to fall back on more easily defendable and shortened lines of defence requiring fewer troops, whilst at the same time transferring men to serve in other theatres of war.
This new plan of defence in depth was the brainchild of Paul Von Hindenburgh. It called for s thinly held front line, backed by machine guns and barbed wire defences stretching back in depth to about 25 metres behind the front trench formations and taking full advantage of high ground, the idea being to break up and slow down the advancing enemy, not to stop the forward momentum but to avoid casualties from the first wave of artillary bombardment and gain time to move reserves to the threatened sector of the front.
When the line of defences was completed in Spring 1916, it stretched from Arras, through St.Quentin to Soissons, shortening the Western Front by up to 25 miles, allowing 14 German divisions to be withdrawn. The line itself, called The Sigfried Line, consisted of a series of forward outposts, a series of positions manned by about 12 men with machine guns, and was intended to delay the enemy’s advance. The second line, called the Battle Zone, consisted of two trench lines, of deep, fabricated trench fortifications and concrete bunkers housing further machine gun crews capable of interlocking fields of fire. Each zone was also protected by barbed wire and mines. Behind this Battle Zone was a Rear Zone where reserves could be assembled and thrown into battle if a breakthrough looked likely.
Crucial to the success of this formidable defence system was the Maxim machine gun. This was capable of being fired at a rate of 400 rounds per minute and was lethal over a range of 2000 – 3600 metres. It was an ideal defence weapon against any assaulting line of infantry slowed down by barbed wire, thick mud underfoot and little or no protection over a shell-blasted no-man’s land
It was this defence system which allowed the German army to hold out for the final 18 months of the war, and indeed to go on the offensive in its final year. It was a military and technological success, but of course, on a human level, the conflict would have been significantly shorter without it, and far fewer men would have lost their lives.
Terry Jones taught History to adult students taking Foundation courses at a College of Higher Education prior to their entry into full-time degree courses at Warwick and Coventry Universities. Since taking early retirement, he has travelled widely in Eastern Europe, pursuing a life-long interest in 19th and early 20th century European history. He has been a GCSE and "A" level tutor with OOL since 1996.


Q 'n A
Answers To Your Questions
SPACE TODAY ONLINE ~~ COVERING SPACE FROM EARTH TO THE EDGE OF THE UNIVERSE
Q. What's the difference between a missile and a rocket? — Rusty B.
A. Missiles and rockets are the same. It's their usage that varies.
We speak of rockets used as weapons as missiles. A ballistic missile is a rocket that flies to a high altitude by firing its engines until all fuel is expended and then lets gravity drop its warhead payload onto a pre-planned target. It is a ground-to-ground weapon.
A similar rocket, if powerful enough, can be used to blast a satellite up to such a high altitude above the atmosphere that it will be in orbit around Earth. The satellite payload will stay up there for a period of time and then fall back down into the atmosphere and burn up.
Rockets used as military missiles are categorized by their ranges. Here are the types:
- BSRBM is a battlefield short range missile capable of a very short flight of less than 100 miles.
- SRBM is a short range ballistic missile that travels from 100-500 miles. An example is the Russian SCUD missile, which has been exported to more countries than any other type of guided ballistic missile. Iraq fired 93 SCUDs during the Persian Gulf War in 1991. North Korea produced a version of the SCUD it called Hwasong.
Launch of a Minuteman ICBM
- MRBM is a medium range ballistic missile that travels from 500-1500 miles. Iran's Shahab-3 missile has a range of 800 miles, which makes it an MRBM. It was derived from North Korea's No-dong missile as was Pakistan's Ghauri missile.
- IRBM is an intermediate range ballistic missile that can hit a target 1,500-3,400 miles away. IRBMs frequently have been turned into launchers for small satellites. This is accomplished by adding upper stages to the rocket so it is more powerful. For example, during the early days of space launches in in the United States, the Thor, Redstone and Jupiter missiles were turned into space rockets. A modified Jupiter known as Jupiter-C launched America's first satellite, Explorer 1. Other examples of IRBMs turned into space launchers include Israel's Shavit and North Korea's Taep'o-dong.
- ICBM is an intercontinental ballistic missile that can strike a target 3,400 to 9,200 miles away. That makes it a global weapon. An ICBM has two or more rocket stages and flies up as high as 700 miles before dropping its warhead payload on a target. The United States, Russia, and China have operational ICBM warfare systems. Other nations, including India, Pakistan, Iran, Israel and North Korea, may have ICBMs, but not organized systems. Some examples of American ICBMs include Atlas, Titan, Minuteman and Peacekeeper. Recently, American Titan and Minuteman ICBMs, and Russian SS-9 Cyclone ICBMs, have been converted into space rockets.
BEATING SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARES
- SLBM is a submarine launched ballistic missile that can deliver a nuclear weapon payload. An example of an SLBM is the United States' Trident intercontinental ballistic missile, which is armed with nuclear warheads and launched from submarines. Russia's Shitl space rocket was derived from the SS-N-23 SLBM.
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On Thursday, US strengths assaulted Da’ish’s underground passage complex near the eastern Afghanistan fringe. World’s biggest non-atomic weapon, Mother of All Bombs, was dropped in the region to take out the adversary organize.
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A large portion of our pursuers clearly has a few inquiries as a top priority in regards to the Mother of All Bombs. Ideally, the points of interest underneath will answer the vast majority of them.
What is Mother of All Bombs?
Mother of All Bombs or MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air Blast) weighs around 10 tons, is equipped with about 8,000 kgs of explosives and is often alluded to as the most capable weapon without atomic abilities. Its blast is proportionate to 11 tons of TNT. US military cases it has an awesome time range of more than one kilometer. The substantial yield customary weapon is GPS-guided and was initially planned in 2003 by the Air Force Research Lab for the US Military.
Mother of All Bombs is more than 30 feet long and one meter wide. In correlation, most customary bombs weigh around 250 kgs. For this very reason, a bomb of such physical measurements can’t be conveyed utilizing conventional means. It is conveyed in a payload plane and drained out of its lodge zone on a pallet utilizing a vast estimated parachute. Once out, it is guided by the satellite to hit its objective with astounding precision.
Display number for the bomb dropped in Afghanistan was GBU-43/B. It was dropped utilizing an MC-130 load plane.
Different to Other Bombs
As indicated by US protection analysis, the Mother of All Bombs is intended to take out invigorated targets which are generally inaccessible. It can be utilized as a part of holes, passages, and gulches. Such weapons are classed as thermobaric – a kind of hazardous that utilizations oxygen from the surroundings to produce an extreme and hot impact wave with a crazy level of vitality in a confined region. Where most customary bombs are a blend of fuel and oxygen creating material, thermobaric sorts are all fuel and no oxygen. This quality allows MOAB’s escalated impact wave to go through wherever that has oxygen including burrows.
Why would that be the First Ever Use of This Bomb?
Mother of All Bombs thermobaric qualities and unfathomable pulverization range are accepted to be the two noteworthy reasons which kept its utilization as of not long ago. It was sent to Iraq. However, was never utilized. The majority of the US fights as of not long ago have been in congested zones which made it difficult to utilize Mother of All Bombs without bringing about epic inadvertent blow-back.
Examiners are of the view that the essential reason that the US has just now utilized the bomb is on account of the objective comprised of passages and holes which could just have been wrecked utilizing a weapon of such power. The region where the bomb was dropped in Afghanistan’s Achin District of Nangarhar, close to the Pakistan outskirt. It’s a devastated territory with the little populace.
Is This The Biggest Conventional Bomb?
In spite of Mother of All Bombs dangerous capacities, it is theoretically still second to the Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP). It has never been tried in a fight. While Mother of All Bombs explodes minutes before hitting the surface to allow it to annihilate building and underground structures, MOP can enter further and can even take out underground military dugouts.
Then again, Russia has a bomb alluded to as the “Father of All Bombs (FOAB)”. Created in 2007, FOAB is four times small than Mother of All Bombs. However, it is fit to double the devastation. In any case, FOAB is still to be tried in any war zone to affirm the cases.
Specialists trust that the US could have opened the Pandora’s Box. Also, it’s conceivable that the present impact was quite recently the first. Russia and the US could wind up utilizing more weapons of mass annihilation against aggressor gatherings or unfriendly countries. The harm created by the Mother of All Bombs is yet to be affirmed by the US military. However, the toll is relied upon to be high.