2 edition of Nuclear-explosion seismology found in the catalog.
Howard C. Rodean
by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information; [for sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.] in [Washington]
Written in English
Bibliography: p. 137-146.
|Statement||[by] Howard C. Rodean.|
|Series||AEC critical review series|
|LC Classifications||UG465.5 .R63|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||x, 156 p.|
|Number of Pages||156|
|LC Control Number||73170333|
Seismic effects of the underground nuclear explosions MILROW (October , about 1 megaton) and CANNIKIN (November , under 5 megatons) were monitored by a network of continuously recording, high-frequency, high-gain seismographs located on Amchitka and nearby islands. Nuclear explosions can cause significant damage and casualties from blast, heat, and radiation but you can keep your family safe by knowing what to do and being prepared if it occurs. A nuclear weapon is a device that uses a nuclear reaction to create an explosion. Nuclear devices range from a small portable device carried by an individual to a weapon carried by a missile.
Underground nuclear testing is the test detonation of nuclear weapons that is performed underground. When the device being tested is buried at sufficient depth, the nuclear explosion may be contained, with no release of radioactive materials to the atmosphere.. The extreme heat and pressure of an underground nuclear explosion causes changes in the surrounding rock. It was a test carried out by the US on 27 June Almost 5, tons of ammonium nitrate fuel was detonated to forge an effect of nuclear explosion. The purpose of the explosion was to see how small nuclear weapons affected military hardware. Dispute remains on whether Minor Scale was the largest of all conventional explosions.
Well, Western civilization didn’t end, if that’s what you’re asking, notwithstanding the impression you may get from reality TV shows. It’s unlikely the Aum Shinrikyo people went to the outback intending to mine uranium, and it’s really, really unlikely they detonated a nuclear bomb there. But — this is the weird part — the cultists did buy some property in the outback, and about. Detection of underground nuclear explosions depends on the science of seismology, of which Sykes has long been a very distinguished practitioner. The book starts with the author’s brief description of what it was like to be a scientific participant in the negotiations that led to the Threshold Test Ban Treaty, an agreement that prohibits.
Unexpect Mrs Pollifax
Spain, its greatness and decay (1479-1788).
Visit to our Hungarian brethren.
How Labour will save agriculture.
The holy science of yoga
Blickensderfers Blackstones elements of law, etc.
A catalogue of manuscripts in the library of the Society of antiquaries of London.
Engineering Seismology: The Works of Man. (Engineering Geology Case Histories Number 8). INCLUDES: Quasi-Permanent Deformation in the Elastic Zone near Explosions; Seismic Ground Effects from Nuclear Explosions; Pressure Infection Disposal Well, Rocky Mountain Arsenal; The Denver Area Earthquakes & the Rocky Mtn.
Arsenal; Statistical Features of the Relationship between Rocky. Nuclear-explosion seismology. [Washington] U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information; [for sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.] (OCoLC) Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Howard C Rodean.
Buy Nuclear-Explosion Seismology on FREE SHIPPING on qualified ordersManufacturer: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. NUCLEAR EXPLOSION SEISMOLOGY: Verification, Source Theory, Wave Propagation and Politics BRIAN W.
STUMP Southern Methodist University, Department of Geological Sciences, Dallas, Author: Brian W. Stump. E.F. Skelton, A.W. Webb, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition), Nuclear-driven shock waves.
Nuclear explosions have been used to obtain equation-of-state data for many years. Pressures obtained with this method have approached 7 TPa, and Nuclear-explosion seismology book this seems to be less than those attainable with laser beams, the target area was nearly 30 cm in.
A series of controlled chemical detonations in the Nevada desert is helping researchers discern between ground shaking caused by nuclear explosions and earthquakes. A nuclear explosion can cause an earthquake and even an aftershock sequence.
However, earthquakes induced by explosions have been much smaller than the explosion, and the aftershock sequence produces fewer and smaller aftershocks than a similar size earthquake.
Not all explosions have caused earthquakes. The range of a possible earthquake triggered by an explosion is limited. This option allows users to search by Publication, Volume and Page Selecting this option will search the current publication in context. Selecting this option will search all publications across the Scitation platform Selecting this option will search all publications for the Publisher/Society in context.
A nuclear explosion can cause an earthquake and even an aftershock sequence. However, earthquakes induced by explosions have been much smaller than the explosion, and the aftershock sequence produces fewer and smaller aftershocks than a similar size earthquake.
Not all explosions have caused earthquakes. The range of a possible earthquake. Watch Now Nuclear Explosion with Hugh Quality Video. Other articles where Nuclear explosion is discussed: warning system: Detection of nuclear explosions: In a treaty banning nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere, in outer space, and underwater was signed.
Each signatory nation was to provide monitoring. A direct consequence was the development and construction of a wide variety of devices to monitor nuclear explosions. Nuclear-explosion seismology (AEC critical review series) Paperback – January 1, by Howard C Rodean (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions.
Price New from Used from Hardcover "Please retry" — — $ Hardcover from $ Author: Howard C Rodean. the yield of a nuclear explosion and the meas-Figure —Explosions in Granite I I Yield (kt) Data for explosions in granite from which the magnitude v. yield equation is derived.
SOURCE: Modifiedfrom AirForce Technical ApplicationCenter. ured seismic magnitude. Ilya Obodovskiy, in Radiation, Radioactive Fallout After a Nuclear Explosion.
The shape of nuclear explosion cloud depends on the height at which the charge is exploded and on its power (Section ).With the explosions at altitudes up to 35 mkt 1/3 cloud takes a typical mushroom shape, which became a symbol of the atomic era.
The mushroom stem consists of soil drawn into the. The Chagan nuclear explosion was part of Russia’s Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy program. The idea was to use nuclear explosions for peaceful civil engineering projects. The kiloton explosion created a metes ( ft) deep lake and dammed a nearby river.
This volume is a follow-up of PAGEOPH Topical Volume () and again reports on the latest advances in science and technology that have been achieved to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT).
This progress in the development and testing of. Seismology Alone Can’t Determine What Type of Bomb Detonated. Once scientists know an underground explosion or bomb test occurred and they know the magnitude of the seismic event it. Title: Underground Nuclear Explosion Monitoring and Discrimination Description: Underground Nuclear Explosion Monitoring and Discrimination Identifying near-surface seismic sources (discrimination) is a critical problem that has advanced through decades of research and development of both analytical methods and instrumentation.
As the discipline has advanced, seismology has achieved robust. Now you can’t hide a nuclear explosion in your country. Scientists around the globe continuously monitor seismic wave and these wave patterns tells whether it’s an earth quake, nuclear explosion, blasts from mine field or simply a lorry rolling over a highway and even nuclear explosion under water or inside mountains can be detected easily.
Seismic source characteristics of low-yield (–5 kt) underground explosions are inferred from hydrodynamic simulations using a granite material model on high-performance (parallel) computers. We use a non-linear rheological model for granite calibrated to historical near-field nuclear test data. Equivalent elastic P-wave source spectra are derived from the simulated hydrodynamic response.
In the first reports released since North Korea announced its underground nuclear test on Monday, officials are saying they have found no evidence of a nuclear signature in the air above the blast site.It is composed ofverses divided into 18 parts or books.
These ancient texts are more than a historical narrative, they are a combination of facts, legends, stories, and myths. Among these historical texts, one encounters a clear reference to at least one nuclear explosion that would have taken place ab years ago!Seismology in the s was a small-scale endeavor, conducted at very few institutions, and was largely restricted to the study of earthquake signals.
nuclear explosion monitoring is often done with arrays of sensors, deployed as a group spread out over an area that can be on the order of tens or hundreds of square kilometers. Arrays.


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According to the Hindustan Times of India on December 31, 2021, the Philippines is working to buy missiles from India.
The missiles are a joint Indian-Russian BrahMos cruise missile system and the Philippines will be the first to buy them.
This is a step by the Philippines to counter Chinese aggression in the South China Sea.
You can read more about the South China Sea in the South China Sea issues.
Its design is derived from the design of the Russian-made P-800 Oniks / Yakhont supersonic cruise missile.
The BrahMos rocket is India’s most advanced supersonic rocket powered by a medium-range Ramjet engine.
The current design includes submarines, Warships; It is designed to be fired from a variety of locations, from aircraft to the ground.
It weighs about 3 tons, is 8.4 meters (28 feet) long and 0.8 meters (2 feet) in diameter, and costs about $ 2.75 million apiece.
It is also the result of a joint venture between India’s Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroeyenia (NPOM).
The missile is named after the Brahmaputra River in India and the Moskva River in Russia.
Currently, ground-launched variants and ship-launched variants are being used by the Indian Army.
The air-launched variant has been tested on the Indian Air Force’s Sukhoi Su-30MKI since 2013.
BrahMos can launch up to 290 km at speeds of up to three times the speed of sound.
The speed of the high-speed missile greatly reduces the flight time, making it difficult for the enemy to intercept.
The warheads can carry up to 200 to 300 kilograms of conventional non-nuclear weapon.
The missile is equipped with advanced satellite navigation systems for Russia’s Kh-555 and Kh-101 strategic long-range missiles, as well as GPS-GLONASS technology.
India is currently working on a BrahMos-II or BrahMos Mark II capable of firing at eight times the speed of sound.
The BrahMos-II is expected to have a range of 1,000 km (620 miles).
In October 2011, the design of various variants of the rocket was completed and testing has been underway since 2012.
The engine used in the rocket was a Scramjet engine instead of the previous Ramjet engine.
The Scramjet engine is described as “the world’s fastest drone to date.”
Once successful, it could become the world’s fastest hybrid missile and could be used on Russia’s fourth-generation Lider-class destroyer Project 23560 Lider.
The countries that hold territorial waters in the South China Sea are currently embroiled in tensions with China over territorial disputes, with China claiming almost all of the South China Sea.


TEHRAN – Iran’s ambassador to the United Nations said on Thursday that nuclear activities of Saudi Arabia and the Israeli regime must be “transparent”.
Noting that International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) should maintain its independence, neutrality and professionalism, Majid Takht-Ravanchi said, “If Saudi Arabia is seeking a peaceful atomic program, it should act transparently and allow IAEA inspectors to verify its nuclear work.”
Speaking at a meeting of the UN General Assembly on the annual report of the IAEA, Takht-Ravanchi also said the Israel has not yet joined the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and has not allowed verification of its nuclear activities.
The IAEA should adopt an independent and professional approach to settle the issue, the Iranian top diplomat at the UN insisted.
Israel, which is widely believed to have stockpiled several dozens of nuclear weapons, has followed a vague policy on its nuclear program. The Iranian ambassador also rejected any restrictions on peaceful uses of nuclear energy, highlighting the important role of nuclear energy in promoting countries’ economic and social development.
Takht-Ravanchi said the importance of nuclear energy is stipulated in the NPT and the Statute of the IAEA. He said one of the duties of the IAEA is to promote the civilian use of nuclear energy and boost international cooperation among member states in that regard.
“By making a lot of efforts and investment in this field, the Islamic Republic of Iran has secured significant achievements and, at the moment, uses nuclear energy in the domains of power generation, medicine, agriculture and industry,” said Iran’s UN envoy.
“From the Islamic Republic of Iran’s standpoint, the IAEA’s verification duty, as stipulated in the agency’s statute, should be fulfilled in such a way that it does not eclipse member states’ inalienable right to promote peaceful use of nuclear energy,” the diplomat stated.
He underscored even proliferation concerns should not restrict member states’ entitlement to peaceful use of nuclear energy.


This tournament is designed to be a fun and safe shooting platform for the entire family. Restricted to 22 caliber pistols or revolvers, courses of fire are created with safety as the top priority but feature fun scenarios that meet any shooter's skill level. Shooters provide their own handguns and ammo (50 rounds per course fired). First place shooter wins a commemorative plaque; 2nd place on down are awarded bragging rights commensurate with their shooting. The American Legion Auxiliary will have refreshments on site for purchase. Proceeds go to benefit the 40&08 nurses program in Mitchell, SD.


First Look: Black Cloud with Flitecontrol Flex
Federal's old Black Cloud ammo wouldn’t shoot well through ported and wad-stripping choke tubes. New Black Cloud does. Also, old Black Cloud left guns dirty. New Black Cloud doesn’t. Here's how it works.
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This model is an exact reproduction of a 10 metre long armed launch, which was used by different navies during the 19th century. These launches were armed with naval guns of different calibre and type; in the bow section a cannon or carronade was installed whilst in the stern two more light, small cannons were placed to be aimed by hand.
Usually, these boats were employed in coastal patrols or in escort services but, also demonstrated their wartime capacity in surprise actions attacking craft in difficulty or anchored or at roadstead. Due to their remarkable manoeuvrability, they were also employed in great numbers during landing actions, preceeding the main fleet which moved slower and was more vulnerable.
The bow cannon, placed on a wooden structure, attached to the first benches, slid back and forth, recoiling on two slits made on the two carrying guides and was manoeuvred by two forward and aft placed tackles. The marksman occupied himself to raise the cannon while the helmsman was responsible to align the bow at the target.
Mast and sail were lowered on the benches during these surprise actions and the oars were used to proceed in order to delay as long as possible the interception from the part of the enemy.
The Panart kit features the following: A triple plank on frame hull construction, building plans with general details, English instructions, walnut and lime planking, wooden masts and spars, brass and walnut fittings, Sailcloth, rigging cord and silk flag. All sheet ply sections are laser cut for accuracy.


Ayyyeee… What’s Goodie Everyone. So I got some tea and it involves an iranian scientist who was murdered, and the aftermath of it.
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, Iran’s prominent nuclear scientists was killed Friday in a daytime ambush on a rural road outside Tehran.
Fakhrizadeh, was adriving force behind Tehran’s disbanded effort to build a nuclear weapon almost two decades ago. His role in Iran’s current programs reactors and uranium enrichment was less direct and analysts said the killing would likely have a limited impact on Tehran’s nuclear capabilities.
Iran’s government blamed the attack on Israel and this sharply raised regional tensions in the closing weeks of the Trump administration. Iran’s foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, described the attack as the work of “state terror” and implicated Israel as having a possible role. Officials in Israel had no comment.
Iranian news agencies said involved a car bomb and gunmen recalled the shadowy killings of Iranian nuclear scientists a decade ago and exposed holes in Iran’s security and intelligence agencies.
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh balanced his status in Iran’s nuclear weapon program with a low public profile. The Iranian state media rarely acknowledged him, and he was sometimes described as simply a university professor. Iran’s nuclear weapons program was formally abandoned that was when Western organizations publicly identified him as a key figure in the effort. “Remember that name, Fakhrizadeh,” Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said during a presentation on Iran’s covert program in 2018.
Reports of his killing on Friday during an ambush outside Tehran are detailed, Fakhrizadeh’s name is becoming more well known. But there remains an air of mystery surrounding the Iranian nuclear scientist and what effect his killing will have on Iran. “Fakhrizadeh likely knew more about Iran’s nuclear program than any living human. Losing his leadership, knowledge and institutional memory is undoubtedly a blow to the Islamic Republic,” said Karim Sadjadpour, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.


Weapons and Tae Kwon Do
Strictly speaking, Tae Kwon Do is a weaponless martial art. All warriors - modern and ancient - are taught to use the most sophisticated weapons of their time. But they are also taught to fight when those weapons are not around. In ancient Korea - like many places in the world - sword and staff weapons were both common and effective. When learning traditional Tae Kwon Do, a student (generally)learns the training that would be hands and feet only. But in the real world, warriors didn't fight with just hands and feet - they fought with swords and other weapons. Some will say that learning a weapon in Tae Kwon Do class is learning from a borrowed martial art, or that it is not traditional. But this is not so. Ancient Koreans, like their counterparts in China and Japan (England and France as well) were adept using bow and arrow, swords, staff, and spear. They used other weapons, of course, and it's not uncommon to find other weapon practiced in traditional Tae Kwon Do schools. But rest assured, weapons training was an integral part of ancient Korean warrior expertise.
Weapons and MSTKD
Currently, the Bo staff is a required weapon for all students ranked Yellow belt and above. While lower ranked students are permitted to learn this weapon, there is no testing requirement previous to 7th Yellow.
Tonfa instruction is also available to all ranks, but not a test requirement for anyone below 5th Green.


The RSS Alexander II (F-256-B), was a Strident-class heavy missile frigate that was in service with the Royal Navy in 3235 onward. It is notable for being the first ship of Human make, formerly known as the Regulus Break, to be within the ranks of the RAF. It was gifted to the Royal Navy following the Battle of Carson Valley where the original ship was lost in combat. The ship would be the first real joint military transfer between the UEG and the Kingdom of Acorn, and the fact that the ship was given gratis spoke to the level of trust that each had for one another despite only being in contact for a year at this point.
The Strident-class of heavy frigates is known for its stocky yet resilient design ever since its inclusion near the end of the Covenant War in the 26th Century. The inclusion of an energy shield also meant that it was the first RAF vessel to possess one.
Its crew was extensively retrained to UNSC standard. Those that served on the ship would sometimes be called in as training officers to instruct new cadets that would serve on UEG vessels in orientation, technical expertise, and weapons technology.
The Alexander II is currently the Second Ship of the Local Space Defense Force, the unofficial 'guardians' of Mobius and the Broken Moon.
BEHIND THE SCENESMuch like the UNSC Hartley, the Alexander II is meant to be sort of a link to the older Halo universe. This is a Strident-class frigate, the same class as the Forward Unto Dawn in Halo 4, but I've just been informed of a canonical conflict. Oh well; this isn't a Charon class - it's still a Strident. These ships I imagined seemed like the type that would be used a long time. They're big, they're hardy, and they've got a bunch of punch to them that makes them a force to be reckoned with. At 575 meters, the Alexander II is actually twice as long as any RAF frigate currently fielded, making it a giant among its peers, and among small boys (anything smaller than a carrier), it's something akin to a flagship of lower tonnage vessels. Considering the pride of the RAF fleet is about as long as a Halcyon-class, the UNSC simply giving a perfectly functioning ship to to an alien race they've only known for a year was seen as unprecedented generosity.
NAME: Alexander II (Formerly Regulus Break)
CLASS: Strident-Class Heavy Missile Frigate
HULL NUMBER: F-256-B (Formerly FFG-7051)
COMPLEMENT: 200 Sailors + 75 Marines
CO: Commander Josefina Villacruz
XO: Lieutenant Commander Scott Tunley
VELOCITY: 1G Nominal, 3G Flank
Mk IV Sirius INMX-229 60-ton Intermediate Coil Array
4 Archer II Long Range Missile Delivery Systems
8 Rampart-V 50mm CIWS Systems
6 Icarus-Iscarion Anti-Missile Defense Projectors
1 FENRIS Tactical Nuclear Delivery System (2 missiles)
Launched 3158 (As UNSC Regulus Break)
Recommissioned 3235 (As RSS Alexander II)
Currently in service
A bit of a test in photomanipulation. This is naturally a Strident-class frigate from the Halo universe repainted and rebranded to serve the RAF within the Chaos Chronicles. I manipulated the color to make it fit the RAF Navy's darker blue paint job while adding correct hull classification number for the Kingdom. The decision to use the Strident sort of connects the two time periods.
Source image: vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/ha…


For those who don’t already know, US has been very strongly condemning the nuclear policies of Iran. While Iran claims that its efforts are aimed at the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, America, and a lot of the rest of the world believes otherwise.
This brought to the fore a question I have had in my mind for quite some time – How does the US justify itself about having hoards of nuclear weapons but asking others not to have them?
Also, it intrigues me how the dynamics between nations and large groups closely resembles the behavior of individual people in groups. With this post, and the subsequent one, it is my intention to highlight this analogy.
To facilitate better understanding, I think I should first give a brief historical account of the development of nuclear technology and the politics related to it. This post is entirely dedicated to this explanation. I will take up the analogy with group dynamics in the follow up post.
During the Second World War, America started its research on nuclear weapons(they started in 1939). They were the first to create an atom(fission) bomb in 1945. They soon put it to use against Japan which, as claimed by the US Gov, put an early end to the War. Till date, they happen to be the only country that has used a nuclear weapon.
America is also the country that has carried out the maximum number of nuclear tests in the world. At 1054 tests, they comfortably outrun the runner ups, the Russians at 715 tests. Post the World War, and in the wake of the Cold War, they enthusiastically carried on with their nuclear program and military development. Currently, American military, even for a non-nuclear, conventional war, is by far the most dominating force the world has ever seen.
Towards the early nineties, after the USSR broke up and the Cold War was over, the arms race also ended. Having more nuclear weapons(which were already in the thousands and, as claimed by some, enough to end all human life many times over) seemed pointless. So they shut down the production of new nuclear weapons and focused on maintaining their existing stockpile. They have reduced the number of weapons(which numbered over 31,000 at it’s peak in 1961) to about just over 5000 in number today. The collective of its delivery systems – land based missiles(both within America and those on friendly foriegn soil), long range bombers, aircraft carriers, and submarine based forces, bring the entire Earth within their range.
The beginning of nuclear non proliferation and test bans
The US initially didn’t share their technology with other nations. The aim was to stall the production of a Russian bomb. But Russians took up the work in earnest post the World War and, owing considerably to some good espionage, they were ready with their first bomb in 1949. Once the Russians developed nuclear capability, the US changed its policy and started promoting the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes. They knew Russia didn’t have enough resources towards nuclear development and pressurizing them to use their Uranium for peaceful purposes was to America’s advantage.
Meanwhile, the British, the French and the Chinese also carried out nuclear tests and developed nuclear weapons of their own.
As technology has improved, and since America had a lot of data from tests already done, it has become possible for them to do much of the testing without actually detonating a nuclear device. This has enabled them to maintain their arsenal without conducting tests.
Even as the cold war and nuclear arms race was carrying on, the US supported the NPT (Non Proliferation Treaty) that was aimed at ‘preventing the spread of nuclear technology and weapons’. According to this treaty, America, Russia, UK, France and China are designated nuclear powers and are allowed to possess nuclear weapons but other nations are not. This is leading to, as India claims, a group of nuclear haves and nuclear have nots.
Also notable is CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty), that came later in the nineties and that disallows all participants from carrying any form of nuclear tests.
When India and Pakistan conducted their nuclear tests in 1999, America imposed sanctions against the 2 countries. The sanctions against India were lifted quickly but not against Pakistan. The military takeover in Pakistan, the US claimed, made their possession of nuclear technology dangerous. Later, after the 9-11 attacks on the US, these sanctions were lifted because America needed Pakistani help in attacking the Taliban.
Towards their friend Israel, which is widely known to pursue nuclear technology and own nuclear weapons, America has taken a policy of silence, while being very vocally against similar policies of Iran and North Korea.
Most countries(except India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel) have signed the NPT. Same goes for CTBT, that has been signed by most countries(except India, Pakistan and North Korea).
Recent developments in the US policy
The Bush administration seriously considered implementing policies to create better, more maintainable nuclear weapons and for further nuclear testing, despite having signed an international agreement against it. In 2005, America also revised the ‘Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations’, hinting that they could use a nuclear device preemptively against an adversary with WMDs or overwhelming conventional forces, should it found the same necessary. This is against the no-first-use policy that I feel should be the bare minimum that a nuclear power promises the rest of the world.
The Obama administration has cancelled a lot of such policies as far as general information goes. The current US policy promises that America will not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear, NPT compliant states.
The 2012 American defense budget includes plans to maintain and modernize existing nuclear weapons.
Do these treaties assure disarmament?
The NPT just asks the nuclear powers to discuss disarmament in good faith. There is no binding obligation, no final date of disarmament for these countries. There seems to be a general consensus among the non nuclear signatories that these powers are responsible and will not use their power irresponsibly.
One argument that is sited in favor of the continued possession of nuclear weapons by responsible nuclear powers is that, even if there was complete disarmament, the nuclear weapon technology would not go away. It would still be possible for some one to build a nuclear bomb. Right now, the strategic importance of a nuclear bomb is less because there are certain responsible states that all have it. This creates a balance. If there were to be complete disarmament, the strategic advantage of having even one fission bomb, by any country, would be huge. There would be a huge incentive, especially for weaker countries with little conventional forces, to try and get a nuclear weapon.
This is where the state of things stands today. The nuclear powers are promoting proliferation and ban on tests. Most of the world seems to accept this. There are some defiant countries that have rejected the idea of a few nuclear countries maintaining monopoly over nuclear weapons technology and their possession.
In the next article, I will try to draw an analogy between the attitudes of countries in an international setting and the behaviors of people in smaller groups and societies.


Login name Password Remember me Register Lost password? What indications do you see that it has a new barrel? If you post pictures of the barrel marking would help in telling what era the barrel was made. Many of the Winchester brand firearms produced over the years are included, but not all. Winchester Rifles Winchester.
Any information before the s is always difficult to verify.
1873 Serial number with a "B" | General Discussions & Questions | Forum
JPG 2 MB. It is located in front of the chamber and often also stamped on other major parts that can be discovered upon field stripping your firearm. I am attempting to add photos but it's my first time here and this is an experiment. Please remember that this information is a compilation over time -- collected from secondhand information. Graduated rear sights, Fixed-post front sights. March 16,


This Weapon has a growing dynamic power.
Like ever, it is possible to increase the damage by tempering it, and enabling usual weapon related perks like one-handed or two-handed perks tree.
This weapon offers two more parallel way to increase different aspect of this weapon, by enabling "bound weapons" related perk on the Conjuration tree and/or enabling soul related perks on the Enchanting tree.
This weapon is enchanted with a modified version of "Soul Tear" magic effects => Last killed enemy will rise again and will fight for you!
Other aspects of the "Soul Tear" enchantment will be unlocked by enabling conjuration perks.
CONJURATION TREE PERKS
>Enabling Mystic Binding will unlock a leveled damage. for instance, the "novice" sword level add a damage of 5 x 4 second = 20
>Enabling SOUL STEALER perk will unlock a "Soul Trap" spell, as for the bound weapons.
>Enabling OBLIVION BINDING perk will unlock a "Banish Summoned" and "Turn Raised Undead" as for the bound weapons.
You can create a new and more powerful weapon at the forge. There are three levels, novice, apprentice and adept. To be able to create a next level weapon, it is necessary to unlock soul perks in the Enchanting tree.
ENCHANTING TREE PERKS
>Enabling SOUL SQUEEZER perk, besides of the perk effect, it is possible to create an Apprentice level weapon.
>Enabling SOUL SIPHON perk besides the 5% Weapon recharge for weapon level "novice" and "Apprentice", it is possible to craft an Adept level weapon. This level will add a bonus +10% on weapon recharging.
ORDINATOR PERK CORRESPONDENCES
Vanilla - Mystic Binding --> Ordinator - Mystic Binding
Vanilla - Soul Stealer --> Ordinator - Soul Raider
Vanilla - Oblivion Binding --> Ordinator - Rend From This World
Vanilla - Soul Squeezer --> Ordinator - Soul Siphon
Vanilla - Soul Siphon --> Ordinator - Thunder Struck


The Seawolf Submarine
The Seawolf class is a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) in service with the United States Navy. The class was the intended successor to the Los Angeles class, ordered at the end of the Cold War in 1989. At one time, an intended fleet of 29 submarines was to be built over a ten-year period, later reduced to twelve submarines. The end of the Cold War and budget constraints led to the cancellation in 1995 of any further additions to the fleet, leaving the Seawolf class limited to just three boats. This, in turn, led to the design of the smaller Virginia class.
Trumpeter 1:144 Scale Seawolf Model Submarine Learn More
The Trumpeter USS Seawolf Submarine Fittings Kit Learn More
Trumpeter USS Seawolf Sub-driver
Also fits Nautilus Drydocks 31" model Learn More


Problem Of the week: 20th November 2023
One of the CCF’s guns is designed such that it can launch a projectile of mass 10 kg at a speed
of 200 m/s. The gun is placed close to a straight, horizontal railway line and aligned such that the projectile will land further down the line. A small rail car of mass 200 kg travelling at a speed of 100 m/s passes the gun just as it is fired. Assuming the gun and the car are at the same level, at what angle upwards must the projectile be fired so that it lands in the rail car?
Credit: University of Oxford Physics Problems
Draw a clear diagram to set up the problem. Do you need all the information that the question gives you, or are some pieces of information irrelevant?
For projectile/SUVAT questions such as these it is important to look for information that is hidden in the question. For example, there is a vertical acceleration of a = −g = −9.81 m/s2 implicitly present in the problem, even though it isn’t mentioned. You are also expected to assume there is no air resistance, so there will be no horizontal accelerations of any kind. Likewise, although you don’t have to do this explicitly, it is worth thinking about what the following pieces of information tell us:
“Passes the gun just as it’s fired”: we can set t = 0 at this point and then use the same t coordinate for both the rail car and the projectile.
“Assuming the gun and the car are at the same level”: we don’t have to worry about any vertical displacement or offset between the two objects.
Finally, given that this exists in the world of projectiles, in which objects are in free-fall, the masses of the objects are irrelevant. Their inclusion in the question is merely a red herring.
A clear diagram is often the best way to lay out all of the information given to you in a problem – see Figure 1.1.
Figure 1.1: A diagram showing the gun firing a projectile of mass m at an angle θ to the horizontal and at a speed of 200 m/s at the same time as the rail car of mass M passes by at 100 m/s
There are two points at which the projectile and the car are in the same position:
1. When the projectile is launched (let this be t = 0)
2. When the projectile lands in the car (let this be t = t)
Upon landing the two objects therefore have the same horizontal displacement, sp = ss. It is worth adopting straightforward notation: any quantity with a subscript p refers to the projectile, and any quantity with a subscript c refers to the car.
The horizontal acceleration of the rail car is zero, and the vertical acceleration of the projectile, if we take upward to be positive, is ap = −9.81 m/s2.
Note how we’ve managed to “pull” a lot of information out of the question that we weren’t explicitly given.
Let θ be the angle above the horizontal at which the projectile is launched.
The horizontal speed of the projectile is then up = 200 cos θ m/s and the horizontal speed of the car is uc = 100 m/s. Given that they must both travel the same distance in the same time for one to land in the other:
sp = sc
upt = uct
up = uc
Substituting up = 200 cos θ m/s and uc = 100 m/s and simplifying:
200 cos θ = 100
cos θ =100/200
θ = cos-1(1/2)
θ = 60°
Notice that the way we have solved this allows us to appreciate the general fact that the horizontal velocities of the car and the projectile must be the same no matter what the other parameters of the question. It is worth thinking about why this makes sense: assuming no air resistance there is no horizontal acceleration in the question, so for the two objects to both start and end at the same horizontal displacement they must always be travelling at the same horizontal velocity.


It is therefore not surprising that speculation runs high that what little information and rumor about this raid is known, the information supports the idea that something very big happened. North Korea, silence from Israel and Syria, could indicate a Syrian Nuclear facility and aid from North Korea. North Koreans are thought to have been killed by this attack in Syria. It seems likely that the attack involved Nuclear Expansion.
Analysts Find Israel Struck a Nuclear Project Inside Syria from the online New York Times is the latest to make this link.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 13 — Israel’s air attack on Syria last month was directed against a site that Israeli and American intelligence analysts judged was a partly constructed nuclear reactor, apparently modeled on one North Korea has used to create its stockpile of nuclear weapons fuel, according to American and foreign officials with access to the intelligence reports.In 1981, a similar Israeli attack set back the Iraq Nuclear Capability many years. But some, including American Analysts, believe the attack was premature. The Reagan Administration officially condemned the 1981 attack, while the Israeli government considered it one of their finest military victories.
Many details remain unclear, most notably how much progress the Syrians had made in construction before the Israelis struck, the role of any assistance provided by North Korea, and whether the Syrians could make a plausible case that the reactor was intended to produce electricity. In Washington and Israel, information about the raid has been wrapped in extraordinary secrecy and restricted to just a handful of officials, while the Israeli press has been prohibited from publishing information about the attack.The Bush Administration has remained concerned about the effect of this attack. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates have expressed this concern for the implications
of a pre-emptive strike in the absence of an urgent threat.
The silence from the principals, and everybody else concerning this attack is very unusual.
In his only public comment on the raid, Syria’s president, Bashar al-Assad, acknowledged this month that Israeli jets dropped bombs on a building that he said was “related to the military” but which he insisted was “not used.”The Bush Administration also refuses to discuss this matter.
A senior Israeli official, while declining to speak about the specific nature of the target, said the strike was intended to “re-establish the credibility of our deterrent power,” signaling that Israel meant to send a message to the Syrians that even the potential for a nuclear weapons program would not be permitted. But several American officials said the strike may also have been intended by Israel as a signal to Iran and its nuclear aspirations. Neither Iran nor any Arab government except for Syria has criticized the Israeli raid, suggesting that Israel is not the only country that would be disturbed by a nuclear Syria. North Korea did issue a protest.
The White House press secretary, Dana Perino, said Saturday that the administration would have no comment on the intelligence issues surrounding the Israeli strike. Israel has also refused to comment.There are 2 different paths to enriched nuclear material used nuclear weaponry.
Nuclear reactors can be used for both peaceful and non-peaceful purposes. A reactor’s spent fuel can be reprocessed to extract plutonium, one of two paths to building a nuclear weapon. The other path — enriching uranium in centrifuges — is the method that Iran is accused of pursuing with an intent to build a weapon of its own.Whatever was located at the attack site appears to have been discovered by Israeli satellite photography. It is believed Israel was the first to detect the possible nuclear activity, and then brought it to the attention of the Bush Administration. North Korean involvement is interesting, and very likely significant.
Syria is known to have only one nuclear reactor, a small one built for research purposes. But in the past decade, Syria has several times sought unsuccessfully to buy one, first from Argentina, then from Russia. On those occasions, Israel reacted strongly but did not threaten military action. Earlier this year, Mr. Assad spoke publicly in general terms about Syria’s desire to develop nuclear power, but his government did not announce a plan to build a new reactor.
North Korea has long provided assistance to Syria on a ballistic missile program, but any assistance toward the construction of the reactor would have been the first clear evidence of ties between the two countries on a nuclear program. North Korea has successfully used its five-megawatt reactor at the Yongbyon nuclear complex to reprocess nuclear fuel into bomb-grade material, a model that some American and Israeli officials believe Syria may have been trying to replicate.President Bush has not repeated his warnings about North Korea. This silence is likely because of the delicate balance and sensitive negotiations while the 6 party talks between North Korea, the US and 4 other nations, continue in an attempt to convince North Korea to end their Nuclear Weaponry ambitions.
The North conducted a partly successful test of a nuclear device a year ago, prompting renewed fears that the desperately poor country might seek to sell its nuclear technology. President Bush issued a specific warning to the North on Oct. 9, 2006, just hours after the test, noting that it was “leading proliferator of missile technology, including transfers to Iran and Syria.” He went on to warn that “the transfer of nuclear weapons or material by North Korea to states or non-state entities would be considered a grave threat to the United States, and we would hold North Korea fully accountable.”
While the partly constructed Syrian reactor appears to be based on North Korea’s design, the American and foreign officials would not say whether they believed the North Koreans sold or gave the plans to the Syrians, or whether the North’s own experts were there at the time of the attack. It is possible, some officials said, that the transfer of the technology occurred several years ago.Whatever happened on September 6th remains a mystery and therefore subject to speculation. But there is an excellent chance that the speculation about Syrian Nuclear Facilities and North Korean aid are correct.
According to two senior administration officials, the subject was raised when the United States, North Korea and four other nations met in Beijing earlier this month.
One important detail is left out of the New York Times article, however. That is the fact that Syrian Air Defenses were unable to prevent Israeli Air Attacks. This is siginificant because the Syrian Air Defense System was an advanced Russian System similar to, but more advanced than the Russian System in Iran.
We continue to watch for further developments.


It has been almost thirty years since the USS Arleigh Burke (DDG 51) entered U.S. Navy service. Back then, in a Cold War fleet full of nuclear surface combatants and cruisers, the Arleigh Burke class destroyer was a decidedly mid-tier warship, set to replace a handful of aging surface combatants. Today, both the U.S. fleet and the Burkes have changed, and now America’s sixty-eight Arleigh Burke destroyers comprise the high-end backbone of the U.S. surface fleet. American shipyards are set to crank out brand-new, cutting-edge Flight III Burkes well into the next decade.
For a ship class that started out as a low-end, low-cost selection from an array of far higher-end Cold War alternatives, it has been quite a run.
This is a pattern that the Navy likely hopes to repeat with the newly-named Constellation (FFG 62) class guided missile frigate, which, today, is seen as a lower-cost, lower-capability surface combatant to the Burke class. Awarded to Wisconsin’s rough-and-tumble Fincantieri yard in April, the Navy seems pretty clear that the new frigate will, in time, become the mainstay of the future surface fleet. Once the Constellations start hitting the fleet in numbers, the first Arleigh Burkes will be ushered to the exits, followed quickly by a call for an “improved” Flight II Constellation. And, just like the Burkes, the versatile Constellations will iterate from there.
But the gradual transformation of America’s latest “lowest-cost technically acceptable” platform into the high-end surface combatant-of-the-future is not without risk. For a platform that was procured largely on the basis of future potential, the challenge right now is to preserve the frigate’s long-term flexibility as engineers struggle to stay within the platform’s designated cost-cap.
This is a perilous period for new


If you own a rifle and are looking to buy a scope for it for the first time, it is best if you learn about what different types of scope there are, before you go to the store. You can learn about different vortex spitfire copes, as well as many others, online and so you have an idea of which ones you should ask to take a better look at once you reach the store. The Vortex Spitfire is made by the American company Vortex optics and although it was only founded in 2002, it has quickly become a name that is well known with rifle enthusiasts as its products have as high quality as some of the longer established names such as Leupold and Aimpoint and sell at very competitive prices. Although a fairly new company, Vortex optics understand what it is that rifle enthusiasts want in a quality scope and try to provide it at an affordable price. The Spitfire Vortex is a lightweight scope which makes it suitable for hunters. Hunters, when buying a scope, have to take into consideration the weight of the scope as they will have to carry that, along with their rifle, perhaps all day. Although the Trijicon ACOG with a weight of only 9 ounces is perhaps the lightest on the market today, the Spitfire at 12.2 ounces does not weigh much more and so is certainly a better option than most of the other scopes which can weigh as much as 3 pounds. The cost of the Spitfire is also reasonable as the cost of a scope can range from $200 to $2000 and it is $500 but that $500 buys you a scope whose quality is easily as good as many of the more expensive scopes. Many of the high cost scopes earn their price because they have several special features which, whilst certainly useful in certain circumstances, most rifle enthusiasts would seldom, if ever, use and so are only considered for purchase by a few and as the features come with extra weight, are rarely considered by hunters.
For accurate shooting the rifle and the scope should become as one and so the scope you buy must be compatible with the rifle you have which means, although you may not have to buy a scope which has been specifically designed for your rifle, you should at least buy one that has a compatible attachment. As far as you are concerned, for you to make your best shot, you will want an aiming system that best suits your style, perhaps cross-hairs or a red dot system. Lastly you must feel comfortable whilst taking the shot and not afraid of injuring your eye. This means that as scopes come with a variety of eye pieces, you choose one that affords you comfort whilst aiming. Although most of these things you will be able to check for online, some, like the comfort of the eye piece, you will have to try up close in the store before you buy.


Giuseppe Gabrielli (1903-87) was the undisputed master of Italian aeronautical engineering. He designed over 140 aircraft, including the G.55 Centauro, one of the finest fighters of World War II. His designs carried a G-prefix, and included the G.222, the basis of today’s superb C-27J Spartan ‘mini-Hercules’. In the 1950s, his G.91 design won a 1950s competition to provide NATO with a cheap, tactical support fighter. Following this victory, it was only natural that Italy would enter the next NATO fast jet competition. An epic contest began to equip NATO with a ‘resistance’ fighter, one that could bring the fight to the enemy on day two of a nuclear war.
In the early 1960s, NATO put out a requirement for a common ‘jump-jet’ (though the term was yet to be coined) fighter-bomber. With a strong possibility of all member nations buying the fighter, it became the biggest international design contest that had been ever held. Whichever company won the competition stood the chance to make an enormous profit and become the world’s dominant defence contractor. It was a tough brief, demanding a supersonic jet aircraft able to take-off and land vertically. The requirement, NATO Military Basic Requirement (NMBR) 3, did not specify a technical solution to the problem of V/STOL and the many bidders adopted different solutions.
Fiat’s first stab at NMBR-3 was the baseline G.95 concept. This was relatively small and showed some G.91 ancestry. It was powered by one forward flight engine and two small auxiliary engines with vectored thrust. It had shoulder-mounted intakes and a conventional tail.
Fiat then began studying the use of lift-jets. Lift-jets were auxiliary engines fitted vertically inside the aircraft, which propelled the aircraft during vertical take-offs and landings. Once the aircraft was in forward flight they were switched off. The concept had been around at least as far back as the 1940s and has been attributed to both German propulsion engineers and the British jet genius Alan Arnold Griffith (he had been the Air Ministry’s advisor that had dismissed Whittle’s 1930 turbine thesis, he later led the Conway and Avon engine projects). The rather dainty G.95 was followed by a more butch study, the G.95/3. The handsome G.95/3, which would have resembled the McDonnell F-101 Voodoo, had two widely-spaced forward flight engines and four lift engines and a high T-tail.
The G.95/6: The ‘Supersonique Salsiccia’
This was followed by the G.95/6, an enormously elongated fighter with tiny wings. With its high performance, tiny wing area and dependence on eight engines, the fighter would have been unforgiving and likely to have had a terrifying attrition rate. The /6 concept had two forward flight engines and no less than six lift jets. Eight engines would have presented the G.95/6 with several challenges if it had entered service. The complexity of the design would have made it maintenance heavy and would have reduced fleet availability. The six lift engines would have been a dead weight during normal flight, reducing the range or payload or both. However, if it had been built made it would have certainly been an awe-inspiring machine- combining noisy vertical take-offs (fuel and thrust allowing) with predatorial good looks.
Any ‘jump-jet’ is by nature a compromise and is inferior to its conventional equivalent. Was it worth accepting these limitations? Developing a supersonic jump-jet would have been expensive, risky and led to a less capable aircraft. Was War World Three likely enough to merit this? If tactical nuclear warfare had happened would these doomsday fighters have been able to fight on? The NMBR-3 winner would be expected to operated from dispersed temporary airbases during periods of chaos. A vast logistical feat, which as the RAF found out with the Harrier proved costly and difficult.
By early 1962, the NMBR-3 project was in crisis. The NATO planning group in charge of selecting a design was finding out that no one aircraft type could meet all the nations’ differing requirements, and even if one did, there was no obligation for the air arms to purchase the type. The committee gave up.
However, by now so much time and money had been put into the each NMBR-3 candidate that they carried a momentum of their own. The two strongest projects were Britain’s P.1154 (which was expected to replace RAF Hunters and to a less-likely extent Royal Navy Sea Vixens) and France’s Dassault Mirage IIIV which was getting solid government backing. The G.95/6 was a wild outsider, and seemed to have little chance of reaching the flying stage as it had yet to receive government funding.
By June 1963, this had all changed. Fiat Aviazone had received a contract from the Italian air force for a new strike aircraft (and a transport aircraft to support it). Fiat was given a sum equivalent to £600,000 (at a 1963 exchange rate), today this would be worth around £15 million. This was enough to fund a flying test rig, powered by.
At the time the Italian Government as well as many at Fiat saw that dream of a Mach 2 VTOL fighter was pushing the limit of the current technology (even in 2012 it’s far from easy). They suggested a simpler interim aircraft capable of replacing the G.91. The aircraft, designated G.95/4, would have a top speed of between Mach 1 and 1.3. It was faster than Britain’s P.1127, and was likely to have a longer range. As well as being a sensible idea, the /4 was a tacit acknowledgement that Fiat was unlikely to have the /6 ready any time soon and was even less likely to achieve export orders against stronger international competitors. Lift for the /4 was from fourjets each with more than 2,000 lbs of thrust. Forward thrust was expected to come from two Rolls-Royce/MAN . West Germany and Italy joined together to develop a V/STOL G.91 replacement on April 9, 1964. The competitors for VAK-191, were:
- The British VAK-191, based on the Hawker P.1170
- The West German VAK-191B, the Focke-Wulf 1262
- The VAK-191C (also West German) was the EWR-340 (VJ-101D)
- The VAK-191D, Italy’s Fiat G.95/4
The official statement by the German Defence Ministry named the Focke-Wulf 1262 (VAK-191) as the chosen aircraft; though it hadn’t been announced, it was clear that the G.91/4 was dead. Having already been funded by the air force, it would stagger on as research project, but the writing was on the wall for Italy’s doomsday fighter. The G.91/4’s status at this time is nebulous, but appears to be associated with the VAK-191 project. It also seems to have been a project to keep an advanced aerospace skills set in Italy as by 1965, Fiat had almost finished licence-building the F-104Gs it had been contracted for and was desperate to secure follow-on work. The /6 had disappeared by now and the duplication of efforts of working on the VAK-191B as well as the G.95/4 was clearly wasteful, by 1968 the /4 was officially abandoned as anything other than a research project.
The curse of V/STOL would eventually kill the VAK-191 too. In the end, despite all the thousands of millions of dollars invested in fast jump-jets, led to only two entering service, the British (later Anglo-American) Harrier and the barely supersonic (and very limited) Soviet Yak-38.
B is for Bevilaqua
No nations were willing to accept the compromises and risks involved in procuring a truly supersonic jump-jet. The technical challenge continued to fascinate aircraft designers, but many hard-headed military thinkers saw it as folly. The Royal Navy, USMC and Soviet Navy carried the flame through the 1970s. The US Navy took an uncharacteristic foray into ‘flat-risers’ with the Rockwell XFV-12, which proved utterly useless and further cemented the service’s anti-STOVL sentiments. The Soviet Navy, with no conventional carrier experience, was the last nation to pursue this Cold War dream. The Soviet Yakovlev Yak-41 (141) was a remarkable aircraft, with unique capabilities. It first flew in 1987, but a long development meant it was not in service by the time the Soviet Union was collapsing. Yakovlev embraced a changing world and did the unthinkable, it looked for foreign investors. America, which until a couple of years ago had been the arch-enemy, stepped forward. Lockheed (later Lockheed Martin) was then developing a candidate for the Joint Strike Fighter, the X-35, and cleverly absorbed all of Yakovlev’s relevant research data. The propulsion system of the STOVL X-35 differed from the Yak in one key respect; whereas the Russian aircraft augmented the vertical thrust from a swivelling ‘lobster’ back nozzle with a separate lift engine, the X-35 employed a lift-fan driven by shaft from the main engine. The X-35 won the JSF contest, leading to the F-35 now in development. The STOVL version of the F-35 is the B variant.
The graveyard of aborted aircraft projects is littered with dozens of jump-jet projects; will the F-35B overcome this curse?
Whereas ‘survivability’ had been the word used to force through the jump-jet concept in the 1960s, today the catchword is ‘expeditionary’, but is it worthwhile? With the F-35B set to enter service with the USMC, the British RAF/RN and the Italian Navy in the next ten years, some still question the sense of STOVL. In November 2012 the first F-35Bs were delivered for Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 121 of the USMC. This event is largely for show as there is still a great deal of work to do before the F-35B will be anywhere near combat-ready. Time will tell if the Holy Grail was worth the long search.


WIMMERA Sports Shooting Council will host a come and try event at Horsham Rifle Range on Sunday.
The event will give people a chance to try a hand gun, a small bore rifle, a big bore rifle and a shotgun all in the one location.
Eight clubs – Central Wimmera Target Club, Horsham Pistol Club, Horsham Rifle Club, Horsham Smallbore Rifle Club, Horsham Sporting Shooters Club, Natimuk Field and Game, Natimuk Rifle Club and West Wimmera Sporting Shooters Club – make up the council and will be showcased at the event.
Council vice-president Dale Russell said the event was about promotion.
“There’s been about 12 months in preparation for this,” he said.
“We’ve had various meetings with the different shooting clubs and it all comes together on Sunday. Shooting is a popular sport in the Wimmera and we might even be able to pick up some new members.”
The event, open to anyone over the age of 12, will be between 11am and 4pm.
“Even people without a license can come down – it will be fully supervised,” Russell said.


C38 atom bomb The C38 atom bomb, also known as the “Mark 38” or “Fat Man” bomb, was a type of implosion-type fission bomb developed by the United States during World War II. It was one of the most powerful weapons ever created, with an explosive yield of approximately 21 kilotons of TNT, equivalent to the energy released by about 15,000 tons of TNT.
Development of the C38 Atom Bomb
The C38 atom bomb was developed by scientists and engineers at the Los Alamos Laboratory in New Mexico as part of the Manhattan Project, a top-secret research and development program aimed at creating an atomic bomb before the Germans could do so. The bomb’s design was based on the implosion method, which used a high-explosive charge to compress a plutonium core, causing it to undergo a rapid nuclear fission reaction and release a tremendous amount of energy.
Characteristics of the C38 Atom Bomb
The C38 atom bomb was a large, spherical device weighing approximately 6,200 pounds (2,800 kg) and measuring 32 inches (81 cm) in diameter. It was encased in a thick steel casing and had a tail assembly that housed the bomb’s firing mechanism and tail fins for stabilization during flight.
Deployment of the C38 Atom Bomb
The C38 atom bomb was only used twice in combat, both times against Japanese cities during the final stages of World War II. On August 6, 1945, a C38 bomb codenamed “Little Boy” was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, Japan, killing an estimated 70,000 people and destroying much of the city. Three days later, on August 9, 1945, another C38 bomb codenamed “Fat Man” was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, killing an estimated 40,000 people and causing widespread destruction.
MUST READ=fortitude of the nightborne armor set
The Legacy of the C38 Atom Bomb
The use of the C38 atom bomb against Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a profound impact on the world, marking the beginning of the nuclear age. The bombings demonstrated the immense destructive power of nuclear weapons and raised questions about the ethics of using such weapons in war. The bombings also led to the development of nuclear deterrence, a strategy in which countries maintain powerful nuclear arsenals to prevent nuclear attacks.
The C38 atom bomb remains a controversial weapon, with some arguing that its use was justified in order to bring a swift end to World War II and save countless lives, while others argue that it was an act of barbarity that caused unnecessary suffering and death.
The C38 atom bomb was a powerful and destructive weapon that played a significant role in the history of warfare. Its use against Hiroshima and Nagasaki had a profound impact on the world, marking the beginning of the nuclear age and raising important ethical questions about the use of nuclear weapons. The C38 atom bomb remains a controversial weapon, with its legacy still debated today.


In the first weeks of the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the Russian air force was nearly wiped out on the ground by the Luftwaffe, leaving Stalin with very few aircraft to fend off the German onslaught. The American and British allies rapidly sent fighters to help the Russians. British Hurricanes and American Aircobras were rushed into service defending Soviet airspace over the broad Russian steppe. Even a squadron of Free French pilots fought alongside their Soviet allies.
The involvement of the Western allies in the air wars over Russia during Hitler’s “Operation Barbarossa” is a little-known facet of World War II history. Intriguingly, many think that unfettered access to the “cream” of Western fighter technology led to the development of some of the best Soviet planes, including the famous “YAK” series of fighters.


Robinson Armament XCR (UK Legal) Rifle System
The UK legal version of the Robinson Armament XCR maintains the gas operating system, allowing for the working parts to travel and lock to the rear after each shot; With the ergonomic position of the bolt release catch on the trigger guard, this makes follow up shots an incredibly simple drill.
Calibres/ conversion kits Available from the first batch will be as follows:-
For the L Model
223 Rem 16″ barrel with 1 in 8 twist
300Black Out 16″ barrel twist TBC
7.62×39 16″ barrel twist TBC
For the M Model
308 Win 20″ barrel 1 in 10 twist
260 Rem 20″ barrel 1 in 8 twist
6.5 Creedmore 20″ barrel 1 in 8 twist
Chassis in stock will be Black.
Designed specifically for the most demanding military, law enforcement, and recreational users, the XCR offers a level of reliability offered by few other rifles.
XCR incorporates heavy duty components such as a sturdy oprod, a beefy three-lug bolt, a locking extractor, and a fixed ejector. These elements and others ensure reliable performance with minimal maintenance.
The XCR is the most ergonomic rifle available anywhere. Professoinal users report that the XCR has the fastest magazine change and clearing times of any rifle.
Whether the rifle is supported by the right or left hand, the operator can manipulate all the controls while keeping his eyes on target and index finger near the trigger.
Our new Fully Adjustable Stock not only folds but is adjustable for length and height ensuring unparalleled shooting comfort.
Many rifles claim to be modular weapon systems just because they have a 1913 standard rail system used to attach accessories. The XCR is truly modular.
With one XCR Lower Receiver (the serialized part), the operator can configure the XCR as a shorty for close quarters combat, a light weight carbine, or a longer marksman’s rifle.
The XCR’s quick change barrel system is unmatched in terms of ease of use and repeatability. Barrel and caliber changes can be made in less than 5 minutes.
Armorers who are familiar with the XCR find it the easiest rifle to inspect, maintain, and service resulting in lower overall maintenance costs
The true beauty of the XCR is the simplicity of design and durability of its parts.
Select your configuration below:-
If you would like to place an order please email us to arrange a deposit.


It gives also visitors an excellent opportunity to learn more about what actually occured during Cambodia’s ‘war years’.
– It has a unique collection, you will also be able to see war machines like the tank T-54, the jet fighter aircraft MiG-19, the helicopter Mil Mi-8 and the field artillery gun 85-mm divisional gun D-44. Before used in Cambodia, some of these war machines have even seen action during World War II. Among the collection there are also many sorts of landmines and rare photographs from the defined period of time in Cambodia.
– You can take a free guide to lead you around. Each of the guides has his own unique background: war veterans, eye witnesses of the war and landmine victims. Therefore, not only they could tell you about the last 3 decades of the 20th century history of Cambodia and about the collection of the museum, but also about their personnal experiences during the defined period of time.
– You can examine small arms, from a M16 or a AK-47 (Kalashnikov) till a machine gun like the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR). You can even examine a rocket launcher! Before used in Cambodia, some of these guns have even seen action during World War II.
The purpose of this museum is to keep the memory of such an important episode in the history of Cambodia alive and to preserve the unique collection for posterity.
The War Museum Cambodia has a unique collection. The collection on display was gathered since 1999 from provinces in which the most savage fighting took place (Siem Reap and Odor Meanchey) and is a mix of Chinese, American and Soviet hardware. Before used in Cambodia, some of these war machines have even seen action during World War II.
The museums collection is invaluable as most war relics have been sold for scrap. People have been gathering and selling such equipment because they got good money for scrap metal. For a tank they could have received $300 to $400 at least. Competition from scrap dealers was not the only problem the museum faced as it gathered its collection: most of the machinery was very heavy and it was difficult to gain access to dense jungle areas to remove the items.
There is a vast array of vehicles, artillery, weaponry and equipment on display. You will be able to see e.g. war machines like the tank T-54, the jet fighter aircraft MiG-19, the helicopter Mil Mi-8 and the field artillery gun 85-mm divisional gun D-44.
There is also a broad range of uniforms, flags as well as rare photographs from the defining period on display.


Object flying over Azerbaijan was ballistic missile fired from Russia
Russian Defense Ministry reports successful test of a Topol ballistic missile
Russia successfully test-fired a Topol intercontinental ballistic missile on Thursday, according to the Russian Defense Ministry.
The Topol was fired from the "Kapustin Yar polygon" in Astrakhan and successfully hit the test site on Sari Shagan polygon in Kasakhstan. Residents of Astrakhan and Volgograd saw the missile first. It was also seen over Azerbaijan, Israel, Armenia, Afghanistan, Lebanon and other countries. The eyewitnesses supposed it as UNO or meteorite.


Unarmed combat vs weapons
Unarmed combat vs. armed foes
Natural weapons can be parried by or used to parry weapons (though the Big Gold Book notes most animals do not use their natural weapons to parry). If either is successful, the unarmed opponent takes minimum weapon damage. Armour defends normally.


First Appearance: 1986
The TR-125 is a development based on the T-72 done by Romania. The country had received 32 T-72 Ural in 1978/79. The tank was fielded in a very small number and never upgraded.
The T-72 was procured, just after the development of the TR-77 was finished and the TR-85 was started. The later one was build around a new 8VS-A2T2M engine developing 860hp. This engine was seen as superior to the V-46 engine delivered with the T-72.
The T-72 was rated superior to the TR-85 regarding firepower, but not propulsion. Being a very mountainous country, Romania had high mobility as a top requirement for their tanks. With the TR-85 close to serial production and the 8VS-A2T2M engine in an acceptably reliable state, Romania came to the conclusion that it would also be able to upgrade the T-72. Similar to the TR-77/85, a license agreement was not signed. Instead, the tank was supposed to be reengineered and improved.
Development of the tank started in 1984 and was closed down in 1991. Up to 10 prototypes were produced, but there are conflicting information about the actual number.
Without the support from the Soviet Union, Romania started off with the development based on the existing tanks. Lets start with the hull. In order to replace engine and transmission, the hull has to be extended. The tank features seven road wheels. The engine compartment is slightly longer. Just like the Leopard 1, the TR-125 features two large exhaust grills on the hull sides. Reason is that the engine used is an illegal clone of the MB 838 engine used for the Leopard 1. It is called 8VS-A3 and develops 900hp. There has never been support from Germany for this development, but Romania got hands on the MB 838. The engine is used together with a THM-5800 transmission, developed for the TR-85.
Besides suspension and modified hull rear, the TR-125 can also be identified by the heavy side skirts used. They are much more robust than the light rubber ones used with the T-72.
The turret was a bit more difficult. The T-72 tanks procured were all equipped with the old TPD-2-49 range finder sight, which out-dated on day of arrival. Instead of simply using these turrets to start with, Romania procured additional T-72M turrets including the TPD-K1 sight. It is often stated that the turret has been fully developed in Romania. But if this would have been true, there would be no need to follow the exact same design of the T-72. Instead, the turrets procured were slightly modified. Changes can be seen on the commander’s hatch, but also the smoke grenade launchers on the left turret side.
Armament was yet another topic to follow. Instead of using the 100mm rifled gun of the TR-85, the TR-125 should receive a much more powerful 125mm smoothbore gun. While previous tanks used the year when they were put into production for designation, the new tank used the caliber of the main gun. This gives an idication on the importance the main gun and the expected penetration results had. Unfortunately, development failed and did not result in any usable weapon. Together with the main gun, Romania also developed indigenous versions of the automatic loader and the stabilization system.
The development of the TR-125 has to be seen as one of these projects that make no sense and are purely based on political decisions. Romania was not capable of producing a tank back then. It was slightly successful with the TR-85, but even this tank showed a very poor performance later on. Building a complete new tank from scratch requires funding, demand and time. None of it was available. Instead of procuring and upgrading tanks, Romania tried to copy and failed.


Gone are the days when people use to hunt using the wooden made bow and arrow. But in this modernization era, these hunting bow and arrow have been upgraded, making it easier for the hunters to use. These upgraded bow and arrow are in great demand among hunters, as they are light in weight and easy to carry. You can carry these upgraded bows and arrow while going for hunting. Every country has different hunting regulations, in some countries only some specific hunting equipment is allowed to use.
Modern hunting crossbow can be the good option for the new hunters, as using this lightweight hunting equipment they can make the perfect shot and have more fun. The upgraded arrows are made shorter to provide more speed. These crossbows shoot projectiles which are known as bolts or quarrels.
Carry the best crossbow while going for hunting
These bows and arrows are upgraded in various other forms that have different properties. These upgraded bow and arrow work similar to the rifle, which makes easier for the hunters to aim. They can shoot easily from the kneeling and sitting positions. You can easily get these crossbows from the markets at a good price. Various kinds of crossbows are available among which some are listed below:
Recurve crossbow: These are one of the best crossbows that provide better acceleration and less hand shocks. They have got the extended draw length in comparison to ordinary crossbows. They can produce more effort on bow structure. They come with the accessory of bowstring silencer, to reduce the noise produced by this crossbow.
Rifle crossbow: This crossbow is designed to provide good aim, similarly like the rifles provide better aim in comparison to various guns. This crossbow can hit the target at a longer distance up to 250 feet far from you.


Exercise 'Tri-Lightning 2' featured F-35I aircraft from the Israeli Air Force in addition to carrier launched British and American F-35Bs from HMS Queen Elizabeth. The post British, American and Israeli F-35s exercise over Israel first appeared on UK Defence Journal.
Type 23 Frigate HMS Kent joined Greek fast attack missile craft HS Daniolos for an exercise in Greek waters. The post British frigate exercises with Greek fast attack missile craft first appeared on UK Defence Journal.
Trials of the British Army's new Ajax armoured vehicles have been halted for a second time after concerns were again raised over noise. The post Ajax armoured vehicle trials halted again first appeared on UK Defence Journal.
The satellites will monitor British waters and "ultimately protect UK sovereign borders from suspicious vessel activity". The post Airbus to provide satellite surveillance for the Royal Navy first appeared on UK Defence Journal.


From defining the needs to developing complete systems from prototypes to managing production to technical support and upgrades.
Designing embedded systems, analog sensors and remote sensor networks for defense and space applications.
Consulting in defense planning, force development and resource management methods and practices
Edgeway Inc. was established in 2008 as a defense consultancy focusing on supporting the defense sector reforms. In 2017, design and production of embedded systems was added to the portfolio.


Your new favorite archery accessory–BOWdometer
We've built BOWdometer to work on any bow - recurve, compound, crossbow and more.
Weighing only 10 grams, BOWdometer makes an impact on your shooting - not your setup.
Watch this quick video on how easy it is to attach BOWdometer to your bow. Have questions - let us know!


The Definitive Guide to airsoft memesGives much for thus fewer, it truly is So most effective low cost airsoft sniper rifle out there. It's best for novices or a little experiences snipers.
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Very good FPS is absolutely nothing with no optics. The accuracy stage can be significantly improved When you've got significant-good quality optics set up.
Your entire Receiver is made of steel and it has it’s personal Novritsch SSG24 serial range. The receiver includes two POM glide rings which make certain a clean and simple bolt pull.
The lengthier strands will go on the sleeves plus the front of your suit. Shorter strands will overlap down the back again.
You should use it straight of your box without any assembly essential. It is very advised that you choose to check the scope in advance of trying to shoot. General, It is the most effective Airsoft sniper rifles that is in the event you don’t thoughts the plastic human body. You furthermore mght don’t need to have fuel or battery to operate the sniper rifle.
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It truly is comprehended that it is a piston “high velocity” composed of various supplies in order to have the very best attributes. The piston head is supplied with a rubber idea for an excellent seal and shock absorption, all in ultra-light aluminum to go as speedy as is possible.
GBB – Gasoline Blowback. A system present in airsoft pistols but more commonly in rifles which allows the rifle’s bolt to move, reloading the weapon.
Is UKARA a licence?: No. It is not a licence as possessing a Airsoft weapon isn't the same as owning a telly or an automobile plus the defences are to shield the SELLER, not the purchaser.
They may be brilliant camo and something I want to develop myself. Too many projects instead of sufficient times during the 7 days!
The perfectly mb08d is made from metal which provides it a far more sensible experience and is always advantageous In terms of precision.
They've got long barrels that make it possible for for enhanced precision, and may have rails that allow you to connect accessories for instance scopes.
Almost all of the Airsoft sniper rifles We now have reviewed are really inexpensive. You will discover those which are down below here the $one hundred mark and come full of every one of the add-ons you’d have to have. Some will require acquiring components However they remain inside of boundaries Should you be mindful of the spending budget.


Aerospace Engineering & Honors Physics Classes Launch into Rocket Engines & Air Cannons
Aerospace Engineering | Model Rocket Engine Characterization
Aerospace Engineering students test fired a number of different rocket engines on a testing stand last week. The purpose of the controlled firing is to gather data regarding the engine force produced over its burn time. Using this information, each group will produce an engineering specification document for their engine. These engineering “spec” sheets will be used by the students during future rocket flights to predict rocket velocity, acceleration, and maximum altitude. These predictions will be compared against actual values recorded by a computer sent aloft on their rockets.
Honors Physics | Projectile Motion | Air Cannons
As an investigation into the difficulty faced by army infantry, our Honors Physics class recreated battlefield calculations and tried their hand at landing artillery projectiles (tennis balls) on a target. Students have been lectured on the physics of objects projected at an angle and the mathematics involved in determining a projectiles range, max trajectory height, initial trajectory velocity, and angle of projection. The students used the air cannons to launch tennis balls and measured the aspects of the launch that they were capable of measuring and calculated those parameters that are not easy to measure with the tools at their disposal. Then, using these parameters, they attempted to land a tennis ball on a target in the field by calculating the necessary launch parameters.


Star Wars Legion - TX-225 GAVw Occupier Combat Assault Tank - Unit Expansion
- Occupy Imperial territory with the monstrous TX-225 GAVw Occupier Combat Assault Tank miniature featured in this expansion!
- This miniature offers a wide array of customization options—with hatches that can be built open or closed.
- different poses for the tank commander, three crates of kyber crystals that can be loaded into the tank bed or used as terrain, and two options for a mounted gun: a DLT-19 blaster rifle or a RT-97c Blaster Rifle.
- Miniatures are unpainted and may require assembly
- Paint is not included
Out of stock


“Atomic bomb,” often referred to simply as a “nuclear bomb.” An atomic bomb is a type of weapon that relies on nuclear reactions to release an enormous amount of energy in the form of an explosion. These bombs are incredibly destructive and have the potential to cause widespread devastation.
The basic principle behind an atomic bomb is nuclear fission, a process in which the nucleus of an atom is split into two smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy. This energy is what causes the explosive force of the bomb.
Atomic bombs were developed during World War II, and the first two were dropped by the United States on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. These bombings played a significant role in bringing about the end of World War II.
Since then, nuclear weapons have become a topic of great concern due to their potential for catastrophic destruction. Efforts have been made to control and reduce the number of nuclear weapons through arms control agreements and disarmament initiatives.
It’s important to note that discussions around nuclear weapons are often related to complex political, ethical, and humanitarian considerations, as they have far-reaching implications for global security and the potential for mass casualties.


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CLICK HERE TO BID ON ALL OUR ONLINE AUCTIONS
Online Ammunition and Accessories Auction!
7PM Thursday, June 10, 2021
Various boxed ammo to include 9mm, .45, .32, .357, .38 special and +p, .303, .22 lr and sr, .30-06, 7mm Remington, .300 savage, .223 Remington, .556mm, .30 cal, 7.62 x 39mm, other ammo and ammo cans filled with mixed ammo. Lot of the pistol rds are hollow points and target. Gun accessories, magazines, scopes and empty US Army issued metal ammo cans. Bear and deer mounts.
Auction starts closing 7PM Thursday, June 10, 2021
Items located at:
Tom Hall Auction Gallery,
4644 Main St (Rte 309)
Schnecksville, Pa. 18078
Preview the auction: By appointment only 610-799-0808.
Buyer pick up times after the auction:
” 12pm-4PM the day after the auction
” 9:30am-3:30pm Monday – Friday
” Or by appointment within 10 days of sale
Shipping is available through Lehigh Valley Mailbox. They will pick the items up at the auction gallery and make all the shipping arrangements for you. The high capacity magazines are only going to be shipped to the states where they are legal. It is up to the buyer to know what their state and county laws are.
Online bidding Terms: Major Credit Cards, 13% Buyer’s Premium, 6% Sales Tax collected if you have not provided a valid Sales Tax Exemption Certificate
Tom Hall Auctions, Inc. (AU-1734) 610-799-0808