January 24, 2019 By admin
They say necessity is the mother of invention, but when said necessity involves winning an arms race and avoiding nuclear catastrophe, you can count on the birth of way too many inventions! This pressure to create is sure to generate some world-changing ideas, but it’s also highly likely you’ll wind up with a whole bunch of nonsense.
The Cold War brought the best out of some of the world’s greatest technical minds, but along the way, they proposed a number of bizarre, unrealistic, and downright absurd creations that left everyone dumbfounded. After seeing these 20 ridiculous Cold War inventions, you’ll thank your lucky stars that your smartphone is the most complicated device in your life.
1. VZ-9 Avrocar: It’s a bird! It’s a plane! No, it’s… a flying saucer? That’s what many have compared this top-secret military craft to in the years since its declassification.
Designed to reach only the fastest speeds and the highest of altitudes, the VZ-9 was supposed to usher in a new age of military air travel. It seemed like the embodiment of the future… if it worked!
It didn’t, as pilots hated flying the craft, likening its handling ability to “balancing on a beach ball.” With a top speed of just 35 mph and a maximum altitude of 3 feet, the Avrocar project was deemed a failure.
2. “Blue Peacock”: During the Cold War, both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were hellbent on incorporating nuclear materials into as many weapons as they could. But there was another country getting in on the game…
The British! That’s right, despite the best efforts of competing nations, the British were the first to develop a revolutionary new wartime technology — nuclear chickens.
The Brits made nuclear chickens a reality. Sort of. You see, military scientists needed a way to keep landmines warm underground to prevent them from detonating prematurely.
And so they proposed placing live chickens inside the devices to provide a consistent source of body heat. This ridiculous proposal never came to be, however. Thank goodness somebody was looking out for the chickens!
3. HZ-1 Aerocycle: Who needs Jeeps when you can ride into battle on a flying metal death trap? That’s exactly what the U.S. military was thinking when they green-lighted the de Lackner Aerocycle.
This strange-looking device was a propeller-powered reconnaissance vehicle built to quickly and efficiently deliver troops to the battlefield… while making you look like the king of the sky!
Pitched as a “personal helicopter,” the HZ-1 was designed for operation by inexperienced pilots with a minimum of just 20 minutes worth of flight training. Well, those 20 minutes didn’t really do much, and after a number of crashes, the project was scrapped for good.
4. “Star Wars”: Introduced by the Reagan administration in 1983, the Strategic Defense Initiative – nicknamed “Star Wars” by its opponents – was a proposed anti-ballistic missile system that would employ space-age technologies to destroy incoming ICBMs.
But the scientists in charge admitted early on that the technology needed to complete the project was decades away, and even if such systems were developed it was highly unlikely that they’d work.
5. Progvev-T Gasdynamic Trawler: While this tank looks like something out of an H.G. Wells novel, it was an actual armored vehicle constructed by the U.S.S.R. Surprisingly, however, its purpose wasn’t to cause mass casualties: it was to prevent them.
Using the MiG-15 engine mounted on its roof, the Progvev-T fired kerosene jet blasts to destroy landmines. The vehicle could clear a four-mile area on a single tank of fuel, making it much more efficient than sweeping for mines by hand.
6. Corkscrew Tank: The Russians needed a vehicle that could fight in sub-arctic climates. In came the corkscrew tank, whose screw-propelled cylinders helped it to maneuver through even the toughest terrain.
But the corkscrew tank lacked in prowess on the battlefield, its small size and weak weapons unfit for combat. The vehicle was so undersized that enemy tanks could easily flip the corkscrew with just a light tap!
7. Lockheed XFV-1: The first of many proposed “tail-sitter” fighter planes, this craft was constructed to both launch and land vertically in the event that a landing strip or aircraft carrier was compromised.
Unfortunately, the XFV-1 was slow, difficult to maneuver, and barely held enough firepower to justify its use in combat. And so the Lockheed prototype was deemed unworthy of mass production.
8. Gloster Meteor F8 “Prone Pilot”: The British also tried their luck in the military flight game with the Meteor F8 “Prone Pilot,” a jet designed to hit unprecedented speeds by allowing pilots to withstand greater g-forces.
How was this possible, you ask? Simple: the pilots flew the planes while lying down. That’s right, highly trained soldiers were expected to fly into enemy territory…while assuming a nap-time position.
Considering the pilots were unable to look backward while in the cockpit, the F8 didn’t really seem like the best plane to take into a dogfight. How could they manage with such limited visibility?
And if that wasn’t bad enough, the jet’s design also made it difficult for pilots to eject — but, hey, at least they could pretend they were lying on a beach as they plummeted out of the sky.
9. Russia’s “Star Wars”: The United States’ Strategic Defense Initiative, despite its status as a defense system, was seen as a threat by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
He believed the proposed system of satellites was a ruse designed to give the U.S. a first-strike advantage. That’s why Russia began work on its own “Star Wars” initiative — to stop the U.S. from launching its satellites.
Using a similar theoretical system of lasers beams, the U.S.S.R. proposed the construction of ground-based energy weapons designed to blast U.S. satellites. When the satellites never launched, the project faded into obscurity.
10. Leduc 0.10: The U.S., the U.S.S.R., and the British weren’t the only countries determined to make the technological leap during the Cold War. In 1947, France ran its first flight test on one of the earliest ramjet-powered crafts.
When atmospheric air mixed with the fuel within the engine, the controlled explosion would then propel the jet – which was mounted atop a much larger craft – forward.
This concept made a lot of sense to engineers, but by the time the French military had mastered the technology, the world had already moved on to faster, more efficient types of aircraft. Sacré bleu!


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1873 Serial number with a “B” | General Discussions & Questions | Forum
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Image 1 for Winchester Model caliber carbine A. Miles (, U.S. Army) in ; acquired at an unknown date by Irving Browning (,.
Login name. Remember me. Minimum search word length is 3 characters – maximum search word length is 84 characters. I have a very fine made in with a “B” stamped after the serial number on the bottom tank. Is there any way I can determine when the Company installed the new barrel? What indications do you see that it has a new barrel? The B in the serial number does not mean a replacement barrel. Is there any proof marks on the barrel or receiver? If you post pictures of the barrel marking would help in telling what era the barrel was made.
The B started in about and intermixed with the A’s into and continued until to the end of production with the B. Well thanks for the correction. Accordingly, it appears that the gun is original.
WINCHESTER MODEL 1873 RIFLE – Z24340
Your question may be answered by sellers, manufacturers, or customers who purchased this item, who are all part of the Amazon community. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. Please enter a question. Originally developed from the Henry rifle this rifle became famous for its rugged construction and lever-action breech mechanism that allowed the rifleman to fire a number of shots before having to reload: hence the term, “repeating rifle”.
The first model, the Model , was nicknamed Yellow Boy because of its brass receiver. This is a non-firing version.
The Winchester SNA date, when available, is included on all serial number Please consult the list of available Winchester models and serial number ranges.
All model ‘s manufactured after serial number are considered modern and are subject to all the BATF Federal guide lines including back ground checks. There were over , Model Winchester ‘s manufactured. The longest barrel length known on a Model is 37 inches. The shortest known barrel length on a Model is 12 inches. The standard length for a Model Rifle is 24 inches Special order barrels were made from 26 — 28 34 inches.
There were 1 of Winchester 73 rifles manufactured. There were 1 of Winchester 73 rifles manufactured Short rifles were made with 20 — 22 inch barrels. The standard length barrel for a Model 73 Carbine is 20 inches Winchester trappers were made with barrels from 12 to 20 inches with 15 inches being the most common. Winchesters with engraving are quite rare with engraving priced from 50 cents to 5. Engraving prices were 50 and 75 cents You get get amount of engraving at any price you wanted by quotes from Winchester.
Deluxe guns were made with 2 — 4 X wood in either pistol grip or straight stock all are considered special order.
Firearms For Sale
Smith firearms using the original factory records held by the Center. Factory letters are available to all individuals for a fee based on membership status and are typically mailed four weeks from payment receipt. Quick serial number searches are a Center Firearms Member benefit and are typically e-mailed within 24 hours of request. Will your firearm letter? Click the links below for lists of available models and serial numbers:.
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Here are the greatest models from the lever’s Golden Age. Winchester Repeating Arms has long billed the Model as “the gun that won.
SN Full mag. First model case colored receiver. Case colored first model thumbprint mortise type dust cover. Loading gate is nitre blued. Rifle with case colored hammer, lever and dark colored set trigger. Period thin-based tang sight. Fancy feather crotch XXX grade wood.
As with Model , primary difference in model types lies in the dust cover. First Model has no dust cover. Seen between serial number 1 and
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model in 44 W.C.F.. Serial number is and has either a “R” or “B” on the end. On the barrel is Winchester Repeating Arms New Haven Conn USA.
The Hunt repeater, generally regarded as the forerunner of the Winchester, was made only as a patent model in Guy Hubbard, a historian of Windsor, Vermont where Robbins and Lawrence made the Jennings repeater, stated in that he had been informed by principals of the company that only 1, Jennings and Smith Jennings rifles were made between and and of this number many were converted to single shots and many more were scrapped for parts.
Total production of about 1, guns, were transferred to the Volcanic Company for assembly, according to remaining Winchester records. Smith and Wesson lever action arms were made from to In and , the New Haven Arms Company repeaters were in production. About 3, were made, but many of these remained on hand for almost years until they were sold to employees for as little as one dollar in Winchester’s surplus store.
Winchester contracted to produce 3, revolvers for Cyrus Manville. These revolvers were the Walch. Imported and sold from to Serial numbers range from one to around 10,; a few guns do not have serial numbers. Not serially numbered. About 19, made from to
File:Winchester Model 1873,
Referred to as the “Gun that Won the West”, the Winchester model was manufactured in the following calibers:. Modern replicas are offered in those calibers and also. Something many don’t know, John M. Browning used an to make his first prototype automatic firing gun.
The Winchester Model is an American lever-action repeating rifle produced from to The rifle remained in production until , despite the Model 18 Half-cock was introduced to the weapons at a later date.
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The 8 Greatest Lever Guns Ever
Gun Collections Online. Originally chambered for the. Winchester produced three variations of the Model lever action. The rifle, carbine, and musket, which was only produced in small numbers. The rifle and musket variations utilized a 24″ barrel while the carbine used a 20″ barrel.
and Winchester produced three variations of the Model lever action. The rifle, carbine, and musket, which was only produced in small numbers.
The standard length for a Model … Can anyone help me out? Need condition, rifle or carbine, long or short wood, saddle ring? This pump or slide action rifle was produced between and until , and was the second in a progression of Winchester Pump action rifles that that evolved in this order: Model , Model , Model 62, Model Also, can someone tell me the difference between pre and post 64 guns?
Serial This information is no substitute for obtaining a Winchester Factory Letter from the Cody Firearms Museum available for certain models and serial ranges which in addition to the Serial Number Application Date, normally provide the original Received In Warehouse Date and Date Shipped from Winchester factory.
Search results for winchester model 94 serial numbers from Search. Results filtered by. The longest barrel length known on a Model is 37 inches. There were over , Model Winchester ‘s manufactured.
Winchester Model 1873 .38 caliber carbine
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The actual purchaser must be 21 years of age or older to purchase handguns and/or firearm receivers, frames, silencers, or pistol-grip only firearms. Certain states.
Growing up in rural central Kansas, I have been associated with firearms all my life. Beginning with a lever action BB gun, shooting and hunting have been a life long hobby. Collecting lever action Winchester rifles began in , when after selling my microscope from medical school, I bought a Model Winchester produced , Model s from until the clean up in the s. The last gun was shipped to Abercrombie and Fitch of New York in The Model was the first reliable center fire rifle.
The iron and latter steel frame was stronger and lighter that the brass The 44 Winchester center fire 44 W. Model s were offered in three versions. Sporting rifles had inch barrels in round or octagon styles.


What would happen to Urbana-Champaign during a nuclear war
January 22, 2018
On a clear night, the brightness of a nuclear strike on Chicago would cause permanent retinal damage to anyone looking directly at it, even 150 miles away in Champaign-Urbana.
During the Cold War, the amount of nuclear weapons on both sides was so vast that metropolitan areas as small as Champaign-Urbana were thought of as potential targets for the Soviet Union.
“I don’t know if there is reason to believe that targeting option has been eliminated.” said Cliff Singer, director of the University Program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security, in an email.
Now, nearly 30 years after the tense brinksmanship of the Cold War, Matthias Grosse Perdekamp, a core faculty member of the University program in Arms Control & Domestic and International Security, points to North Korea as the biggest nuclear threat to the United States.
Despite its emaciated economy and small size, North Korea’s nuclear program has managed to cross technological boundaries to emerge as a fully-fledged nuclear power possibly capable of launching a nuclear attack against the continental United States.
While North Korea sees its nuclear program as crucial in deterring a U.S. intervention and preserving its regime, Grosse Perdekamp believes North Korea would be unlikely to attack the U.S.; it would be a move that would almost certainly trigger the destruction of its own state.
“I don’t think (a nuclear strike) has very much military meaning,” Grosse Perdekamp said. “As much pain and suffering as that is, the United States would easily survive and cut North Korea into pieces.”
Though North Korea may not be itching to use its nuclear weapons, amid an atmosphere of increasing brashness and volatility, Frederick Lamb, a professor researching methods of estimating yields from nuclear detonations, worries a nuclear war caused by accident constitutes a growing risk for the United States.
“There were so many occasions during the Cold War where we came within a whisker of all-out nuclear war because of mistake or misunderstanding,” Lamb said. “There’s a lot of actions being taken on both sides, but particularly on the U.S. side now, which ratchet up the tension and ratchet up the possibility of accident.”
Without the capacity to damage the United States’ military capabilities, Grosse Perdekamp believes any North Korean strike would likely be aimed at a major civilian center.
“Chicago certainly would be at risk,” Grosse Perdekamp said.
If a nuclear attack on Chicago did occur, while a mushroom cloud blossomsed over Chicago, an electromagnetic pulse would swell through the area, destroying communication satellites, crippling the power grid and shredding communication and transportation lines.
A southward breeze could carry fallout as far as Champaign-Urbana, with radioactivity rendering the area so toxic it would make the area uninhabitable and farming impossible for up to a decade, said Grosse Perdekamp.
Within days of a strike, supermarkets in Champaign-Urbana would empty of food, businesses would shut down and activity would freeze as America became enveloped by a haze of uncertainty and confusion over the possibility of imminent strikes, Lamb said.
Grosse Perdekamp predicts a nuclear strike on Chicago would have grueling economic impacts for Champaign-Urbana as well.
“The economic impact would be humongous,” Grosse Perdekamp said. “I don’t think anyone has really estimated the damage, but if a major center like Chicago is destroyed, with all of its banking, trading, manufacturing, the economic damage must be hundreds of billions of dollars.”
As Chicagoland convulsed in the aftermath of a nuclear attack, Grosse Perdekamp expects areas like Champaign-Urbana would be expected to take in a wave of refugees, many likely suffering from the effects of radiation and left devoid of financial support.
Lamb speculates that a strike could also trigger cataclysmic political changes as fear and uncertainty generated from a nuclear conflict would cause an increase in police powers, while concern for security swelled and the government’s grip tightened.
“A limited attack by terrorists or by another country cannot really destroy democracy in our country, but we can do it to ourselves by acting on fear,” Lamb said. “It took 10 years or more for people to evaluate some of the extreme measures that were taken after 9/11. If that happened after 9/11, you can imagine how much more it might happen after a large-scale attack.”
Though Champaign-Urbana is unlikely to sustain a direct hit in a nuclear war given North Korea’s limited supply of nuclear weapons and shaky but relatively safe relationship with Russia, Grosse Perdekamp said the College of Engineering and important network hubs would make Champaign-Urbana a target in an all-out nuclear war with Russia.
However, Lamb indicates discussion of a direct hit on Champaign-Urbana would be beside the point anyway.
“If there were an all-out war involving Russia and the U.S., some human life would survive in the southern hemisphere, but it’s likely that all human beings in the northern hemisphere would die,” he said.
But as far as North Korea targeting a missile directly at Champaign-Urbana?
“This isn’t a very likely scenario,” Grosse Perdekamp said. “I believe North Korea would be wasting its warhead.”


269. DPRK’s Nuclear Weapons Should Be Limited to Self-Defence
6 January 2016
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), though with small population and small territory, developed nuclear weapons to threaten the world.
Nonetheless, precisely because of their small population and territory, DPRK, dead or alive, has no impact on the entire world.
Owing to a variety of reasons, DPRK was available to some nuclear weapons, yet their nuclear weapons should be limited to self-defence.
If DPRK does something unjust or attacks any country with nuclear weapons, all of its country, cockroaches included should be, by means of nuclear weapons, gotten weeded out of the Earth. Immediately.
God needs no DPRK.
DPRK’s nuclear weapons can be used for self-defence only when the use of nuclear weapons is within existing land in DPRK and nuclear explosions mustn’t go beyond its border. Otherwise it counts as the attacking to other countries and needs to be wiped out.


Sign in to write a comment. Today, a first step toward reengagement would be for relevant scientific and other government institutions to initiate contact with the CTBTO for the purpose of beginning scientific cooperation. His intervention came at a time when the U. Another merit of the CTBT is the environmental significance it marks, by officially ending the radioactive contamination of the environment that has ensued since testing began in For this independent nuclear policy India had to pay a high price.
The proposals served to link the CTBT to the objective of elimination of nuclear weapons within an agreed time-frame. The question now is whether this argumentation can be seen as reasonable or not. The entry into force of the CTBT was viewed as a condition for the indefinite extension of the NPT, and its ratification would mark progress in the effort to reduce discrimination between nuclear and non-nuclear states of the NPT Drell India pointed out the deficiencies of the CTBT in the form it was presented:. The relative progress that has been achieved in India- Pakistan relations should not lead one to forget that two conflicts in and could easily have escalated into a nuclear confrontation. Why body language is observed in PI? It is also important not to view the CTBT as an end in itself, as independently it will not be so effective as to make nuclear weapons obsolete Arnett
Now both India and the US have resolved key hurdles pertaining to the liability of suppliers of nuclear reactors in the event of an accident and the tracking of fuel supplied by the US and other countries for its proposed nuclear plants.
The opportunity for the entry into force of the CTBT appears to be present Collinawith the Obama Administration in the United States in favour of its ratification and the international political climate appearing to be conducive towards multilateral arms control. These powers have already acquired the technology that enables them to have simulated nuclear tests in lab condition.
Init called for a convention to ban the use of nuclear weapons and for an end to the production of fissile material for indja weapons. Opposition to the Agreement in India. In particular, the radionuclide station still sought for India to host is vital to finishing the now 90 per cent complete IMS, which is already highly effective in detecting nuclear explosions.
India calls for international action to strengthen nuclear security. In ctbbt of a new momentum.
The tests at Pokhran the logical conclusion of the process which began at Pokhran 44 years ago when Indira Gandhi had the first nuclear explosion done in A nuclear bomb was also a powerful instrument of politics and contributed to the prestige of a nation.
India’s aversion to nuclear weapons was first expressed by Mahatma Gandhi when atom bombs were dropped over Essau and Nagasaki in Japan, causing unprecedented devastation. Submit Please enter a valid email address.
With the 20th anniversary of Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty this year, there is renewed debate in the west about its. This statement came about two ihdia after India had successfully completed a total of 5 nuclear tests at the Pokhran range on May 11th and May 13th.
The IMS has also facilitated a rich international exchange of data and expertise and boosted technological advancements pertaining to infrasound and noble gas monitoring.
In spite of all these achievements, the CTBT has yet to become global law due to its demanding entry into force clause, which requires the signature and ratification of all 44 countries listed as nuclear technology capable. As the only nation to have officially exploded a nuclear device in the last ten years, ratification by North Korea is surely integral for the CTBT. Krishna Menon, opposed a nuclear weapon program.
The Indian physicist T. It factors nuclear powers and discriminates against others. Furthermore, it will consider the value of the Treaty in relation to the broader non-proliferation regime and the symbolic significance it would bring to the ultimate objective of nuclear disarmament. Application to your principal requesting him to remit your fine, Formal letter for Class 9, Class 10, Class The question now is whether this argumentation can be seen as reasonable or not.
India’s Nuclear Policy | Publish your master’s thesis, bachelor’s thesis, essay or term paper
Initially in the yearswhen the negotiation began for the Comprehensive Test ban Treaty, India supported it whole-heatedly, but since then India has come a long way and realized how not to compromise its own security needs being surrounded by hostile and powerful neighbors.
Science should support diplomacy. India did not sign, CTBT on many important grounds.
If India carried such a test it would be immediately detected by a cast network of seismological monitoring stations, 80 radionuclide detection centers, 60 infrasound and 11 hydro acoustic stations spread throughout the globe.
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Should India Sign the CTBT? – Essay, UPSC MAINS | Essays – UPSC MAINS (1 to 25) | UPSC
Another merit of the CTBT is the environmental significance it marks, by officially ending the radioactive contamination of the environment that has ensued since testing began in Thus, the non- nuclear member states could expect to receive substantial assistance in developing civilian nuclear capacities from the nuclear- weapon states.
It is also a very good platform for teachers who want to share their valuable knowledge. As another mark of progress, the prohibition against testing has emerged as an established global political and behavioural norm.
It signifies the rising importance of India in the current geopolitical scenario. The treaty rests on three pillars: The CTBT would undoubtedly bolster the ailing non-proliferation regime, giving it a much-needed boost in the face of the newfound nuclear status of India, Pakistan, and North Korea. Letter to your father describing how you are helping the household in his absence, Informal letter for Class 9, Class 10, Class Now with the clearance of deal with the US as well, India now have supplier from every continent of the world.


Gary Farber, in comments to the previous post, took issue with my characterization of this administration's adoption of a first-strike nuclear policy as new:
[This] actually goes back to every National Security Directive since the invention of the bomb. ... There was never a credible threat against the Soviet Union without it, was the rationale. Thus, without it, no deterrence against their going through the Fulda Gap....
This is not the understanding of many professional observers of U.S. nuclear and military doctrine. It is true that U.S. national security policy since the 1940s has continuously given a central place to the possession of nuclear weapons and the willingness to use them in retaliation against attack. That stated willingness is what was supposed to give credibility to the deterrent effect of our nuclear arsenal. However, U.S. national security doctrine has never, until recently, officially countenanced the use of nuclear weapons against countries or entities that have not attacked us.
Key members of the Bush administration, in particular Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, came into office intending to change the U.S. nuclear and conventional security strategy in the direction of first strike. Donald Rumsfeld has advocated "missile defense" and weaponizing space for most of his career, in order to give the United States first-strike capacities not available to any other country. The 1992 Defense Planning Guidance document, drawn up by Paul Wolfowitz and Lewis Libby at the request of then-Defense Secretary Cheney, and the Project for a New American Century's 'Rebuilding America's Defenses' paper of 2000 both argue for this change. The spring 2002 Nuclear Posture Review (mandated by Congress in 2000) was written by adherents of the Cheney-Rumsfeld viewpoint.
The analysis of that 2002 NPR by the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation was that "it suggests a shift in U.S. nuclear use doctrine":
The role of nuclear weapons has always been to deter an attack by a nuclear-armed adversary, and to retaliate as a last resort. Furthermore, the U.S. pledges not to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear members of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The NPR reflects a noticeable shift in these long-standing policies. First, it suggests that nuclear weapons could be used in a pre-emptive first strike "against targets able to withstand non-nuclear attack, (for example, deep underground bunkers or bio-weapon facilities)."
Second, the NPR requires the U.S. nuclear force to be able to respond to immediate or unexpected contingencies involving North Korea, Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Libya, all of which are members of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (although some of these countries are not members in good standing.) These contingencies suggest that the U.S. may be the first country to use nuclear weapons in a future conventional conflict. [my emphasis]
Contrast this with the analysis of the Center for Defense Information of a previous Nuclear Posture Review, in September 1994, which emphasizes the deliberate ambiguity about occasions for use, but cites no language at all that envisions a situation in which the U.S. employs nuclear weapons as anything other than a reaction to an attack (though not necessarily a nuclear attack).
The current administration's September 2002 National Security Strategy document is an explicit statement that U.S. war policy now includes "preventive" war, military strikes against a perceived threat rather than in response to any actual attack. This policy was put into effect in the invasion of Iraq.
Now, there is clear evidence that this aggressive approach to conventional military action is broadening to include the use of nuclear weapons. William Arkin, a veteran defense reporter, wrote in June 2005 for the front page of the Washington Post Sunday opinion section:
In the secret world of military planning, global strike has become the term of art to describe a specific preemptive attack. When military officials refer to global strike, they stress its conventional elements.
Surprisingly, however, global strike also includes a nuclear option, which runs counter to traditional U.S. notions about the defensive role of nuclear weapons. The official U.S. position on the use of nuclear weapons has not changed.
This passage implies that up until now, U.S. nuclear posture has been defensive, not first strike (preventive/preemptive). The main point of Arkin's opinion piece was his call for open discussion of this new policy, exactly because it was new, before it became official and permanent.
And that official U.S. position on the use of nuclear weapons is in the process of changing. Walter Pincus reported last September:
The Pentagon has drafted a revised doctrine for the use of nuclear weapons that envisions commanders requesting presidential approval to use them to preempt an attack by a nation or a terrorist group using weapons of mass destruction. The draft also includes the option of using nuclear arms to destroy known enemy stockpiles of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons.
The document, written by the Pentagon's Joint Chiefs staff but not yet finally approved by Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld, would update rules and procedures governing use of nuclear weapons to reflect a preemption strategy first announced by the Bush White House in December 2002. The strategy was outlined in more detail at the time in classified national security directives.
Pincus' story ran on the front page, so the Post clearly considered it news, i.e., a change from existing nuclear doctrine. I have not seen anyone report since that Rumsfeld has signed off on the new nuclear posture, to make it technically official. But in practice the new posture has already taken effect, since Bush has refused to rule out nuclear weapons use in a first-strike attack on Iran.
Finally, the reaction of physicists around the world reinforces the view that something is changing:
A proposed change in U.S. nuclear weapons policy has exploded into a controversy between the Bush Administration and physicists worldwide. Sixteen faculty members of the MIT physics department have joined over a thousand physicists in signing a petition repudiating a Pentagon proposal that would “foresee pre-emptive nuclear strikes against non-nuclear adversaries.”
Everyone quoted in the article, including people who have declined to sign the petition, sees the Bush policy as a significant departure. Theodore Postol articulates the nature and implications of the change:
Postol said he believes the new policy “tremendously stimulates” states to develop nuclear weapons. “It will cause countries to reconsider their nuclear status. “The only way to prevent preemptive attacks is to develop arms” to deter these attacks, Postol said. ... He pointed out differences in perception towards attacking Iraq and North Korea as proof that possessing nuclear weapons can deter U.S. preemptive attacks.
Postol said that the U.S. has always been ambiguous about its nuclear first-strike policy because it serves the purpose of a deterrent.
Of course this country has always had the ability to launch a nuclear first strike. We are the only country ever to use nuclear weapons at all. But since the end of World War II, it has never been our stated policy to strike first.
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HF LearnSafety offers the 16-hour NRA Basic Rifle Course. This DESPP (State Police) issued certificate allows persons of 18-years and older the purchase and carry of long guns and ammunition.
This class is by appointment only.
Call 203-947-4327 for more information.
Note: The CT Pistol Permit allows those 21 years of age and older the carry and purchase of handguns, long guns and ammunition.
Rifle and Shotgun Orientation
Develop your shooting skills while learning safe practices. Our First Steps Rifle and Shotgun training is designed to provide a hands-on introduction to the safe handling and proper orientation of rifles and shotguns.
Students learn the NRA’s rules for safe gun handling; the particular model parts and operation; ammunition; shooting fundamentals; cleaning; and continued opportunities for skill development.
Learn the following:
Identify the main parts of a rifle or shotgun, and tell how they function.
Identify and demonstrate the three fundamental rules for safe gun handling.
Identify the two types of cartridges, their parts, and how they function.
Learn about malfunctions such as a misfire, hangfire, and squib load.
Identify and demonstrate the fundamentals of shooting a rifle safely.
Learn each rule for safe shooting.
Demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary to safely shoot a rifle from the benchrest position or supported prone position while using the five fundamentals of rifle shooting.
Identify the basic safety rules for cleaning a rifle, and identify the materials needed.
Watch and learn how to clean a rifle or shotgun properly and safely.
Get the right input on selecting a rifle or shotgun best for you.
This two-hour class includes classroom and range time, learning to shoot a specific rifle action type.
Hourly private lessons are also available for individuals and small groups, custom tailored to your skill level and learning objectives.
HF LearnSafety Cancellation Policy: No refunds are available. If you are unable to attend a pre-registered class, you may reschedule by contacting us no later than three days prior to the class date. You may only reschedule once and must take the rescheduled class within a two-month period. Class registration is transferable to another person. HF LearnSafety reserves the right to cancel and reschedule any class due to low enrollment.


The Physics of War
From Arrows to AtomsBook - 2014
Shows how principles of modern physics have been used for warfare through the ages. His topics include the basic physics of early weapons, the rise and fall of the Roman Empire and the early English-French wars, how the discovery of gunpowder and cannons changed the art of war and the world, the impact of the industrial revolution, ballistics of rifle bullets and cannon shells, aerodynamics and the first airplanes, the machine gun in World War I, the development and use of radio and radar in war, and the atomic bomb. --Publisher's description.
Publisher: Amherst, New York : Prometheus Books, 2014
Branch Call Number: 623.409 PARKER
Characteristics: 320 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm


Air Rifle Shooting for Pest Control and Rabbiting
|Author||: John Bezzant|
|Total Pages||: 369|
|Rating||: 4/5 (75 Downloads)|
Download or read book Air Rifle Shooting for Pest Control and Rabbiting written by John Bezzant and published by Crowood. This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The air rifle is a very effective weapon for the control of rabbits and vermin. This clearly written and fascinating book covers the following topics in a practical and thorough way. Demonstrates how to learn to shoot an air rifle safely and accurately and how to construct your own forty-yard range; Discusses shooting techniques and all the firing positions; Considers the advantages and disadvantages of using air rifles for pest control and rabbiting; Analyses, and tests in the field, specific models of air rifle and considers what to look for when deciding to purchase a rifle; Covers ballistics, loading, scopes, zeroing, range finding, windage, the difference between good and bad mounts, ammunition, field craft, clothing and knives; Examines the characteristics of the various quarry species (rabbits, wood pigeons, feral pigeon, and rats); Summarizes the law as it relates to air rifle hunting and considers the ethical aspects of the sport, including care of the quarry, how to track down and dispatch injured quarry, and how to dispatch rabbits humanely; Includes a detailed chapter on how to maintain your hunting rifle in good working order. Produced with the technical assistance of top professionals in the field of gun and scope manufacturing.


Shooting from firearms in Kyiv
The legend lives! AK 47 - the most common gun in the world (about 100 million units in the world). And the one that has the largest number of victims.
You can visit one of the few places in the world where it will get the opportunity to experience legitimate and absolutely safe. Our private shooting gallery with a professional English speaking instructor will provide you with an opportunity to get one of the most adrenaline-filled experience in the world.
First, find out about the history and about how to use and handle this highly efficient rifle made by Mikhail
Kalashnikov. With a design more than 70 years ago, you will be impressed with the power and ease of This machine,
which has become a symbol of the Soviet Union.
Dismantling and presentation / demonstration by the instructor this is only the beginning.
With 10 rounds at a distance of 50 and an instructor, screaming behind you, you feel like a real soldier in training. After graduation, you will be able to use any of Kalashnikov to protect (we hope you never have to do this).
If 10 rounds is not enough, you can buy more, bullet 1 = 3 euros.
In order to transfer your experience Kalashnikov use on another level, Svitlana Travel Company included in the tour price are two arms, each of which is designed for 10 rounds, so you can try them out. First, a shotgun (at a shorter distance: 10-20 meters) will give you a touch of the most effective protection in matters of domestic security, with a force that can stop an attacker by several bullets in one shot. Secondly, a special working sniper rifle from the Second World War under the name Mosin will leave you speechless ... and maybe with a few bruises on his shoulder. You will be amazed by its firepower and precision sound. It is not surprising that Soviet snipers became legends. We can not guarantee that you too will become a legend, but we give a guarantee, If you really love guns, we can offer fire another 5 types of weapons, including the AR-15 or archery (great fun!). The cost of 50 euros each for 10 bullets.
What you will explore:
• AK-47 Kalashnikov
• Sniper rifle Mosin (VMV)
• professional shooting range
• Protection for eyes and ears
• Paper targets as a souvenir
• Safety Education
• Pick up at your address in Kiev


Since WWII, humans faced a nuclear Icarian paradox: progress or annihilation. Our technology can refine fissile material in a way that the controlled release of nuclear energy could create abundant peaceful energy, or – when released all at once via state vs state launched intercontinental targeted missiles – will ensure nuclear retaliation and global extinction. To negotiate the political terrain of nuclear reality, humans have developed a modern, multi-lateral international society. However, it is not clear whether this will be enough and, like Icarus, we may yet burn up in the sun …
Today, it is estimated 13,410 nuclear warheads (type independent) exist, an 81% reduction from the Cold War peak of 70,300 in 1986 (FAS 2020). However, this reduction is rendered somewhat moot by manifold advancements in fissile material refinement (which are no longer restricted to one Uranium-235 i.e. plutonium, thorium, etc.), stockpiling (IPFM 2015), and missile delivery.
We have never been closer to nuclear anihilation than today – even more so than at the height of the Cold War. The famous ‘Doomsday Clock’, which tracks the time at which nuclear anihiliation of the human species will occur, is the closest it has ever been: 100 seconds to midnight (BAS 2020).
This may sound strange given the lack of coverage in world media, especially considering all the oxygen the Trump phenomenon sucks up. However, nuclear security has never been more relevant. Why is this so? Well, let’s just say several recent events should keep us all up at night -namely that their consequences now threaten the stability of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime (NPR) which guards the world like a suit of armor.
One such event happened last year – the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF), a stalwart Cold War treaty signed between the United States and the now extinct Soviet Union – dissolved in front of our eyes after 30 years. Amongst a rising tide of states willing to use nuclear weapons, political instability, and increasing technology, one of our key safeguards against nuclear missile launching has now evaporated largely due to Russian aggression.
At the time of the INF breach, it was discovered that Russia had developed and tested its new nuclear-capable missile, the SSC-8. This missile is incredibly dangerous, as it can be launched from a small infantry unit and carry up to 450kg of nuclear fissile material with a range of 2,500km (MDP). To put this into perspective, imagine a series of ground troops capable of launching a nuclear missile at a city, rather than from monitored silos, submarines, or safeguarded nuclear complexes which are held in check by international society. Add to this nuclear simulations conducted by Russia against Sweden and NATO allies (Stoltenberg 2015) and the gravity of the situation begins to take hold.
These events have potentially reignited a nuclear arms race between Russia and the US, as well as catalysing the ramped up response from NATO’s global defence operations in all theatres of land, sea (including nuclear submarines), and air (Stoltenberg 2019). Russia is not the only destabilizing agent in geo-dynamic nuclear security considerations, but they remain one of the largest today.
A False Hope?
Many are heralding the recent signing and ratification of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) as a victory and insurance policy, with the assumption that the nuclear club and non-nuclear weapon states will be finally forced to ‘play nice’. However, this is just a treaty (although an incredibly important and historical one) and the hydra of politics, positioning, and force remains unintimidated.
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, a high profile and senior official in the Iranian nuclear program, was assassinated in November. As a result, the head of Iran’s parliament energy committee Fereydoun Abbasidavani has signaled Iran should increase uranium enrichment, end IAEA cooperation and expel its inspectors, and continue withdrawal efforts from the JCPOA (Tehran Times). In addition to this, Russia has again breached US cybersecurity defences via a coordinated hacking campaign on The Energy Department and National Nuclear Security Administration (which maintains the US’s nuclear stockpile) (Politico 2020).
All this is occurring as The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is losing the faith of its adherents as a key bulwark of the NPR on the multi-lateral/international stage. The point is: for each step human society makes towards avoiding nuclear annihilation, we seem to be taking two steps back. However, not all hope should be lost. If you keep returning to this series, dear reader, we may just make sense of modern nuclear security events yet. The next instalment of ‘Nuke News’ will cover the science of nuclear weapons.
Featured image credit: Science in HD on Unsplash
Kristensen, H. and Korda, M. (2020) Status of World Nuclear Forces. Federation of American Scientists, Available: https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/
IPFM (2015) Global Fissile Material Report 2015. Nuclear Weapon and Fissile Material Stockpiles and Production: Eighth annual report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials. 8. International Panel on Fissile Materials. Available: http://fissilematerials.org/library/gfmr15.pdf.
Mecklin, J. (2020) ‘Closer than ever: It is 100 seconds to midnight’. Science and Security Board Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Available: https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/current-time/
Missile Defense Project, “SSC-8 (9M729),” Missile Threat, Center for Strategic and International Studies, October 23, 2018, last modified June 30, 2020, https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ssc-8-novator-9m729/.
Stoltenberg, J. (2015) The Secretary General’s Annual Report 2015. The Secretary General’s Annual Reports. Available: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2016_01/20160128_SG_AnnualReport_2015_en.pdf.
Stoltenberg, J. (2019) The Secretary General’s Annual Report 2019. The Secretary General’s Annual Reports. NATO-OTAN. Available: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_174399.htm#:~:text=On%2019%20March%202020%2C%20Secretary,to%20keep%20its%20people%20safe.
Politics (2020) ‘Senior MP says Fakhrizadeh assassination will change nuclear policy’. Tehran Times. Available: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/455236/Majlis-focusing-on-20-uranium-expelling-IAEA-inspectors-leaving
Bertrand and Wolff (2020) ‘Nuclear weapons agency breached amid massive cyber onslaught: Hackers accessed systems at the national Nuclear Security Administration, which maintains the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile.’ Politico. Available: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/17/nuclear-agency-hacked-officials-inform-congress-447855?fbclid=IwAR1IjGZbFCGxNC7uq4HUDOGJ4TLbXxKYaypTuvVFzAiPDd-H5xgIpJAWDv4


Purchasing primers online is convenient and the easiest way to ensure that you get the greatest quality. These primers come from the United States of America and are produced for Remington 9 1/2 large rifles.
Buy Remington 9 1/2 primers from USA
Amongst an array of manufacturers, Remington may be the proud maker of some of the finest primers in the business. The organization has been producing quality and innovative ammunition for over a century. Between the myriad of components comprising the Remington arsenal, the primers come in a wide variety of styles and sizes. This is a testament to the company’s expertise in the art of the rifle and the science of gunsmithing. Whether you’re a newcomer or an experienced sommelier, you’ll find remington primers 9 1/2 to suit your every need.
The very first thing you need to know is that Remington primers are produced with the same precision and quality as the brand’s top-of-the-line rifles and shotguns. The organization has spent years perfecting their manufacturing process, which includes strict quality control measures, and an array of testing programs to ensure you get probably the most bang for the buck. You can get Remington primers online from the comfort of your personal home, or you are able to call the organization to discuss your requirements. The organization can also be willing to discuss your firearm’s maintenance program, which includes a free review of your equipment. The company’s website features an interactive FAQ section with answers to your questions, in addition to a free gun cleaning kit. As an added bonus, if you’re fortunate to score among their special deals, you could even get a free box of ammo!
Remington Large Rifle Primers for sale
Choosing the right primer could make or break a refill, and a good primer may also help you save a trip to the range. The best primers on the market are manufactured by Federal, Remington, and Winchester, but be sure you know exactly which kind of primer you need before going hog wild. This will ensure you get the most effective product for the best price.
Choosing the right primer for the reload can be a daunting task, but you are able to rest easy knowing that the Remington 9 1/2 large rifle primers on the market at your neighborhood gun store have what it takes to obtain the work done. These primers are produced to exceptionally tight tolerances and are surefire to produce a spherical bullet in your rifle’s muzzle. Irrespective of primers, you can also purchase ammunition in bulk, advisable if you’re an aspiring gun enthusiast. If you’re looking to buy ammunition online, be sure you check the fine print.
To learn more, be sure to take a look at Remington’s website. As well as primers on the market, you can also purchase Remington’s shotguns, which can be an excellent deal for the avid shooter. These guns are created to last and can be purchased for under $800. While Remington is best noted for its shotguns, additionally they produce some fine rifles and pistols.
Made In United States of America
Despite the wide variety of primers available, you can find only two basic types. These types are derived from a primer’s size and sensitivity. Furthermore, you can find differences in cup thickness and composition mixtures.
Remington primers are found in the manufacture of Remington ammunition. They are created to perform to Remington’s high standards. They are created to extremely tight tolerances and are tested for reliable ignition over a wide selection of temperatures. They are the most effective components available.
Remington primers were compared to CCI primers, that have been produced by Alliant Techsystems, and to the Boxer priming system, that has been produced by an English ordnance officer. Each primer type was tested with ten cartridges.
The outcomes indicated that Remington’s 1 1/2 primers could actually respond to pressure, but did not demonstrate primer flow at low charge weights. CCI primers performed similarly in ambient conditions, but had better performance in hot & humid conditions.
Both Remington primers and CCI primers were tested in 9mm Luger ammunition. They certainly were fired from a Remington 700 and full of Winchester 748 powder. A CED Millenium M2 optical chronograph with infrared sky screens was used to measure velocities.
Remington primers are recommended for use with 9mm Luger ammunition. They are not recommended for use in high intensity rifle cartridges.


Side mount rifle scope
- Boost the power and versatility of your red dot sight with a Hammers RM3 Magnifier Scope and Flip to Side Mount. The fully coated lens and 3x magnification make it an ideal addition to your rifle to enjoy longer range targeting even under low light conditions.
- Answer (1 of 9): There are no scopes that are in the center of the gun. a scope can be mounted on the side or top (the bottom would be inconvenient at best. The end user needs to know where the scope is zeroed at. And since no scope is aligned at the center (because that is where the barrel is) a...
- Answer (1 of 9): Side mount is more ergonomic. To see through a top mount, your head has to be sideways. Seeing sideways makes it bit more awkward to maintain level, and at long range, small angles off of center can throw off the point of impact.
- Every scope mount seems to have a different way of addressing scope width and length. Adjustable-length mounts are much more common than adjustable width. It's best to approach your scope-mount shop with an idea of what scopes you'll intend to use. With a specific reference point, picking a mount that works for you will be much easier.
- With fully coated optics that rifle anything available in 1943, and a period correct replica of the Soviet side mount base, this is the best Mosin Nagant scope for a replica sniper build, fantasy sniper carbine, or a restoration of a retired 91 30 sniper rifle.
- Malcolm Short Scope Mounts. Winchester '73/'76 Mounting Kit; Winchester 1885 Mounting Kit (Miroku) Winchester '92/'94 Side Mounts; Marlin 94/95, Henry Big Boy Mounts; Henry Golden Boy Mounting Kit; Sharps Side Mounts; 1/2" 60 Degree Base Flat (Undrilled) Offset Plate with Base
- Vortex Rifle Scopes. Engineered and designed to perfection, Vortex Rifle Scopes are the summation of what long range shooting scopes ought to be. They are made in compatibility with the prerequisites of military and law enforcement precision shooters and known for putting the user in an advantageous position in critical situations.
- PEM scope made at the Progress plant in 1939 and mounted on a Tula made side rail mount for Mosin Nagant 91/30. Posted in 1918 to 1945 , PEM , Russian scopes and tagged 91/30 , Mosin , Nagant , PEM , Progress , scope , sniper , Tula , WWII on January 14, 2017 by Laurent .
- Rifle Scope Mounts, Rings & Bases - Dual Dovetail Systems, 2-Piece Bases, Reversible Front Standard Bases & More! ... Midwest Industries AK Side Railed Scope Mount (10) $119.95 (Save $10.00) $109.95 Best Rated. 16 models American Defense Manufacturing AD-Delta Scope Mount (7) As Low As (Save Up to $12.40) $229.99 Free 2 Day Shipping.
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Lee-Enfield NDT (No Drill-Tap) Scope Mount for No4 and No5 G3 BadAce Tactical The Gen 3 version works with all safety bolt types, including the "Kicked Leg" type: Features the unique all-steel NDT side mount base and rock-solid 3-bolt mounting system: The ultra-low profile picatinny rail allows you to mount the scope as low as possible to the barrel and provides the option to keep the original ...6061 T6 aluminum. Fits ZPAPM70, NPAPM70,OPAPM70, PAPM90 and PAPM77. The Zastava M70 Scope Mount is the ultimate mounting solution for your M70 or Serbian/Yugo AK. This mount will work with the side rail on your M70 or Serbian/Yugo firearm. The adjustable QD lever will keep it snug and tight on your rail and will ensure you don't lose your zero.Picatinny Rail/Scope Mount - Mossy Oak New Breakup. $46.00. Out of stock. Add to Wish List Add to Compare. Patriot/MVP Scope Base, Short Action. $46.00. Out of stock. Add to Wish List Add to Compare. Patriot Scope Base, Long Action.
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Shipping Weight: 0.6kg
Origin: Imported (China) Product Description:
The GNW-003 Gundam Throne Drei (aka Gundam Throne Drei, Drei), is one of three Gundam Thrones piloted by the Trinity siblings in Mobile Suit Gundam 00. It is personally piloted by Nena Trinity.Among the three Throne units Drei serves more of a support role in combat to the other two Throne units. Throne Drei is a supplier of GN particles, its able to attach itself to GNW-001 Gundam Throne Eins with a wire to enhance the beam output of its GN Launcher. Its GN Stealth Field, which deploys three huge pairs of GN particle wings over a wide range, is a powerful ability possessed only by this unit; its red wing-like GN Tau particle dispersal are similar to the green particles emitted by the GN-000 0 Gundam. In addition, it can also disperse GN particles from its stealth field emitter to defend itself from enemy projectiles. The particle consumption rate of its equipment are lowered in order to help use the stealth field. Unlike the Throne Veranus and the GN-X series, the Gundam Thrones do not need a special start-up machine in order to activate their GN Drives due to the fact that they possess their own compact start up mechanism on-board.
- 2013/03/04(月) 15:12:51|


Pakistan and China Latest Technology Missile
(MIRV) A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) is a missile payload containing several warheads, each capable of being aimed to hit a different target. … An intermediate case is the multiple reentry vehicle (MRV) missile which carries several warheads which are dispersed but not individually aimed.
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The sword: a sharp weapon that, for millennia, has been used to conquer, defend, and kill as well as to wield power and status.
Who invented the first sword? How did it come about? Was it found in different parts of the world at the same time? This common weapon has actually not been with us that long and was a natural evolution of an everyday tool: stone knives.
Evolution From Rock to Sword
Since the Stone Age, humans have tried to find ways to more easily hunt, cut, and remove animal skin and fur. The first cutting tools were sharp knives crafted from stone (often obsidian or flint) and later made out of bronze. Short slicing and stabbing double-edged blades known as daggers were soon invented, which could be utilitarian (used for everyday tasks) or as a means of defense. The sword is a natural evolution of the dagger as new metal alloys allowed the dagger’s blade to become longer, more flexible, and less brittle. Swords quickly became a primary weapon of offense and defense, though daggers were still very useful for everyday tasks and for defense at close quarters.
Bronze Age Swords: Prototypes for Better Weapons to Come
During the Bronze Age, daggers as long as 60cm (24 in) started making their appearance. Originally, they were not very practical as weapons, as the early blend of metal alloys allowed the blade to bend too easily. Swordsmiths quickly figured out how to cast bronze swords that were surprisingly sharp and strong.
The first real sword of the Bronze Age was most likely created by the Minoan Crete civilization in 1700 B.C. and was about one meter long (39 in). The second type of sword was developed in northern Italy in 1200 B.C. These swords had an incredibly long lifetime, even if the first ones were made out of bronze. In fact, these types of swords were used for centuries, and when the Iron Age replaced the Bronze Age, the metal used to make swords changed but the designs stayed the same. These swords are referenced as “Naue II type.” These swords eventually made their way into southern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean.
China and India
China had its own sword production during the Bronze Age. The Chinese technique was slightly different than the European technique, with softer tin used at times for the edges and diamonds as adornments. Chinese tin bronze was different then its European counterpart and broke more easily as it was less flexible.
Some Bronze Age swords were also found in India, dating between 1700 to 1400 B.C., but it appears swords were probably not commonly used in India until 1000 B.C.
The Broader Adoption of Swords in The Iron Age
During the Bronze Age, swords existed but were not very common among classes lower than the very noble or wealthy. Iron made the sword blade stronger and more flexible. At the beginning of the Iron Age, well-made bronze swords held their own against the new iron blades; but easier access to new alloys and casting methods made swords more common. It is during the Iron Age that we begin seeing entire armies outfitted with swords as a consequence of these new materials and techniques.
Interesting fact: Egyptians armies were often still equipped with bronze weapons even into the Iron Age, as they were slower to adapt to change.
Parthians, Greeks, and Romans all adopted the iron sword as a weapon of choice for close combat. The Roman gladius was a shorter sword used for stabbing and measured about 50-70 cm (24-28 in). Later, during the Roman Empire, the Roman army introduced the spatha, which was much longer
The Sword as a Symbol
Since Roman times, the sword has become a symbol of nobility and privilege. In the Middle Ages, when sword-making skills again increased, new types of swords were invented. The Viking sword, the Frankish blade, and the Germanic sword designs all originated from the original Roman spatha design. Where swords differed most was in the ornamentation. In different tribes and cultures, ceremonial and decorative swords became a symbol of status and were often only used for sacred rituals.


5 MOA Dot - The DeltaPoint Pro is proof that you don’t have to compromise performance, even on a small sight.
Item: 175840 23 In Stock.
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5 MOA Red Dot Sight Best Rated + Free Shipping over $49. Most people think of the DeltaPoint® Pro as a pistol sight, but it's just as capable on an AR platform as it is on a handgun. Placa Mount Glock Mos P/ Leupold Delta Point Pro Reflex.
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Jul 9, 2019 · Deltapoint pro.
. The Leupold DeltaPoint Pro Mount allows you to add a DeltaPoint reflex sight to your favorite Kimber 1911.
• MOTAC™ (Motion Activated Illumination System) that powers up when it senses motion and powers down when it does not.
Designed for competitive speed shooting and personal defense, the newest DeltaPoint Pro model features a large 6 MOA red dot that excels at rapid, close-range target engagement and increases accuracy when it matters most.
The distinction between inferior quality and premium red dot sight is undeniable.
Built from aircraft-grade aluminum, it’s also made to handle all-day abuse.


Benjamin Sheridan Trail NP XL725 Break Barrel Air Rifle Wood Sto.Best Air Rifle: Top 5 Reviewed. the choked barrel and relatively small design of the rifle allows for the rifle to give an accurate.The average velocities of Benjamin 392 over Chrony test using 8 pumps are:.
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We carry a wide variety of handguns, shotguns, rifles and ammo. We will be adding more and more guns as we go, and will normally have a large number in stock at any time. Stop by and check them out for yourself, or if you are curious about a certain gun or caliber of ammo, give us a call at 573-334-3636 and let us know what you need!
Some of our guns and ammo are shown in group photos below. Call to ask for something specific, or stop by and try one out in our indoor shooting range!


Stun guns are non-lethal self-defense weapons that have grown in popularity over the years. One common type is the flashlight stun gun, which combines the functionality of a flashlight and a stun gun. However, understanding how to wire a flashlight stun gun can be challenging for individuals who lack the proper guidance.
What is a Flashlight Stun Gun?
A flashlight stun gun is an electronic self-defense device that combines the functionalities of a flashlight and a stun gun. It features a bright flashlight to illuminate dark areas, while the stun gun component produces an electric shock that disorients the attacker, giving you time to run away or call for assistance.
The 1101 flashlight stun gun is a popular model that is easy to carry and use. It is a reliable self-defense device that can come in handy when you’re in danger. But to get the best out of the device, you need to understand how to wire it properly. In this article, we’ll show you how to wire your 1101 flashlight stun gun.
Step-by-Step Wiring Guide
Bear in mind that wiring a flashlight stun gun requires precision and carefulness. You don’t want to end up with a device that doesn’t function optimally or, worse, pose a risk to your safety. Follow this step-by-step guide carefully:
Step 1: Assemble the Materials
The first step in wiring your 1101 flashlight stun gun is to gather all the materials you need:
|1101 flashlight stun gun kit
|Contains all the parts required to assemble the stun gun
|Used to melt solder and join electrical components
|Used to join electrical components
|Used to strip insulation from wires
|Used to measure voltage, current, and resistance
Make sure you have all these materials at hand before proceeding to the next steps.
Step 2: Study the Wiring Diagram
The next step is to study the wiring diagram that comes with the 1101 flashlight stun gun kit. The wiring diagram is a visual representation of how the components of the stun gun connect. It is essential to study it to know how to wire your device.
The wiring diagram typically has different components such as the battery, switch, transformer, and capacitor. It also shows how to connect the wires properly.
Step 3: Solder the Components
The third step is to start soldering the components together. Ensure that you follow the wiring diagram carefully to avoid mistakes. Soldering is the process of joining two components using melted solder. Make sure you apply enough heat to melt the solder and join the components successfully.
Note that the solder joints should be strong and free from shorts. You can use a multimeter to check the joints and ensure that electricity flows smoothly.
Step 4: Test the Stun Gun
After soldering, the next step is to test the stun gun. Turn on the device and check that the flashlight emits light. Then, press the stun gun button and check that it discharges an electric shock. If the device functions correctly, congratulations – you’ve successfully wired your 1101 flashlight stun gun.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can I Use My Stun Gun on Multiple Attackers?
No. Stun guns are not suitable for use on more than one person. Once you use the device on one attacker, you should retreat or call for help. Also, note that stun guns are not designed to kill, but rather to incapacitate. Overusing them can lead to serious health consequences.
Is a Stun Gun Legal?
In the United States, stun guns are legal in most states, but there are some restrictions on their possession and use. It is essential to check the state’s regulations regarding stun guns before purchasing and using one.
Can a Stun Gun Cause Permanent Damage?
Stun guns are designed to be non-lethal, but they can cause temporary or permanent damage if used irresponsibly. It is essential to use stun guns only in self-defense situations and avoid overusing them.
What Should I Do if My Stun Gun is Not Working?
If your stun gun is not working, check the batteries and ensure that they are properly installed. Also, check the soldering joints and the wiring diagram to ensure that everything is connected correctly. If the problem persists, contact the manufacturer for support.
Can I Carry My Stun Gun on an Airplane?
No. Stun guns are not permitted on airplanes, and carrying one can lead to serious consequences. It is essential to check the TSA regulations regarding self-defense devices before boarding a plane.
Wiring your 1101 flashlight stun gun is not as complicated as it seems. With the right materials, carefulness, and guidance, you can wire your device and have a reliable self-defense weapon to protect yourself when in danger. Ensure that you follow the wiring diagram carefully and test the device before using it. And remember, a stun gun is a non-lethal weapon designed to incapacitate an attacker, not to kill them. Use it wisely.


Simeon North (1765-1852)
North is now generally credited with the invention of the milling machine-the first entirely new type of machine invented in America and the machine that, by re-placing filing, made interchangeable parts practical. In 1795, North began to produce scythes in a mill adjacent to his farm in Berlin, Conn. Four years later, he obtained a contract to make pistols and began to add a factory to the mill building. By 1813, he signed a contract to produce 20,000 pistols that specified that parts had to be completely interchangeable between any of the 20,000—the first such contract of which any such evidence exists. The first known milling machine was in use by 1818. At about that time, North was sent to John H. Hall, superintendent at Harpers Ferry (Va.) Armory, to introduce his methods of achieving interchangeability. In 1828, North received a contract to produce 5,000 Hall rifles with parts interchangeable with those produced at Harpers Ferry. North had a 53-year contractual relationship with the War Dept. The report of Charles H. Fitch prepared for the 1880 Census credits North with a key role in developing manufacture with interchangeable parts.


AscensionWorks.TV – Social & Video Network for Students of Love/Light › Forums › Red Pill & Conspiracy Topics › Nuclear Weapons Hoax › Reply To: Nuclear Weapons Hoax
MemberOctober 19, 2021 at 9:46 am
Read the book first, then come to your own conclusions. There is no such thing as atomic explosion.
Nothing to do with flat earth, that is a very weak strawman argument…
Radiation in a bomb is easy to achieve, it´s called “dirty bomb”, they spike it with nuclear waste. It´s explained in the book. And yes the TNT produces the same mushroom cloud.


Welcome to the Eliminator
Some 10 years ago when the laser range finders became widely available I had thought that integrating one with a riflescope and placing the calculated bullet impact point on the vertical crosshair of the reticle would be a brilliant idea. The technology caught up with the dream only recently, and Burris introduced the Eliminator. I got my hands on one only this year, partly due to the lack of need, partly due to its fairly high cost. This year I decided that I want a shorted and handier rifle than a 24″-barreled Weatherby Vanguard in .300 Weatherby Magnum for hunting elk in the aspens and dark timber, so a Ruger Hawkeye in .338 RCM with a 20″ barrel joined my hunting arsenal. The Weatherby now was destined to become a long range, open country rifle, so the Eliminator was a logical choice.
The scope is very heavy by any standard at over 1.5 lbs, so if you have a 5.5 lb rifle that you value for its light weight as a mountain gun, you may not want to put the Eliminator on it. The mount is an integral one, suitable for installation on a Picatinny or Weaver rail only. To put the Eliminator on my Vanguard so I had to remove the Talley single piece rings that held my previous scope and installed a single-piece EGW rail that fit perfectly. One has to pay attention to the length of the screws that hold the rail on the receiver as they have different length for front and back; if you install the longer screw in the rear hole by mistake it will interfere with the bolt and the shorter screw will not engage the threads properly if placed in the forward hole. This is not rocket science, just pay attention to what you are doing. I put blue Locktite on the threads and GunSeal under the rail. I know; they tell you to wipe the receiver dry but when I did that I would get slight rust under the bases, so I use GunSeal from now on.
The mount on the Eliminator aligns properly with the rear edge of the Picatinny rail slot only on the rear scope mount, and the forward slot, while it does allow the cross bolt to pass, does not appear to bottom out on the cross bolt when the scope is slid all the way forward. Therefore, only one of the cross bolts will provide shear resistance, the other only clamps the rail. This does not appear to have any ill effects on the mounting strength, and tightening the nuts on cross bolts to the recommended 65 in/lbs of torque resulted in a rock solid mount, later tested by an unfortunate drop onto the scope in the field with no effect on the point of impact.
Since the scope has a machined mount there is no need to work to ensure its proper alignment above the rifle bore. It will be as accurate as the machining of the mounting holes on the rifle’s receiver, which in my case proved to be accurate enough for all practical purposes.
I like to cover the lenses on my scopes to protect them from snow, twigs and dust. For the Eliminator I picked up a set of Butler Creek caps. The proper Butler Creek cover size for the objective of the Eliminator is 46, and 10 for the ocular. The ocular of this scope is tapered and the larger cover will fit too but it will bottom out on it and will not be tight. You may see the next size up as the recommended; I tried this and they were loose enough to slide off effortlessly. I prefer a tight fit and the 10 and 46 will provide exactly that. This time around I was very disappointed in the caps quality. I have Butler Creek caps on all of my scopes but they all date back 5 years or more and they all fit tightly and close snugly, without a hitch. Since then the quality has gone down a lot. The objective cover did not want to stay closed at all, and, out of time and frustrated, I simply covered the cap edges with foil and ironed them with a hot iron, pressing them inwards. This deformed the cap enough to keep it in place when closed but of course one can not expect a reliable hermetic seal that way. I don’t think I will be buying more Butler Creek covers if I can help it at all.
After installing the scope I naturally had to take the rifle to the range and get to know the new hunting tool. I shoot primarily handloads in the Weatherby and prefer heavy bullets for the caliber, so as one would expect the recoil is noticeable. Previously the rifle was fitted with a light 2×7 Weaver scope, and shooting it with the Eliminator was a pleasant surprise: the recoil was noticeably reduced by the added weight of the scope.
The one concern that people interested in the Eliminator may have is whether or not the reticle is too thick and obstructs too much of the target. In my opinion it is not. The vertical pin of the reticle is just thin enough to pose no problems, and it is also translucent on the edges and darker along the centerline to where it is very comfortable to the eye. The orange aiming dots, when lit, are bright enough to be visible against the snow although they will not exactly jump out at you like a turkey head ring in a shotgun scope. Not that I would want that anyway in a rifle scope. I think the engineers at Burris hit the nail on the head with the size and brightness of the aiming dots: they are visible enough in bright daylight, yet not overwhelming at dusk.
The optics of the Eliminator are not as bright as the 42 mm Swarovision binoculars. They are on the same level as Leupold’s VXII or Burris Fullfield, which is adequate for most people who are not obsessed with counting twigs on a bush 500 yards away in the last 15 seconds of legal shooting time. To me, bright optics are needed in the binoculars, which are used for hours during the day. The scope, on the other hand, I use for all of a minute during a big game hunt, and the quality of the Burris optics is totally adequate for this. I was also very pleased with the flatness of the field of view, which was nearly free of roll-off distortion and parallax in the Eliminator, unlike the Fullfield E-1 that I happen to own as well. I am sure there will be people screaming that nothing short of Swarovski will ever do or else their $20,000 guided hunt for the trophy of a lifetime might be in jeopardy. They can do whatever they want. If it is too dark to see the animal I will come back tomorrow morning, if for no other reason then at least not to have to deal with the kill in the dark.
Operating the Eliminator is as easy as anyone thinks from looking through the manual. There is one membrane button to activate the scope, and a second press on it or on the remote control button causes the scope to range and put up the aiming dot. This process is instantaneous for all practical purposes, and I found that is is easy to range even on small targets, such as a “Posted” sign from 450 yards because you are ranging using the steady rifle hold, not using a weightless hand held device where all motions of your wrist immediately translate into wild swings of the projected laser beam.
I had two loads for the .300 Wby: a Federal Premium 200 gr Trophy Bonded Bear Claw and a 200 gr Barnes TSX flat base over 79.5 grains of Reloader-22. Both loads shoot very much to the same point of impact, and I chose the 1-36 table for the cartridges, considering that the shooting was being done at 6,000+ ft elevation.
At the range the Eliminator showed very accurate adjustments, pretty much to the claimed 1/4 MOA and was very easy to bore sight and zero just by laying the rifle on the sandbags and looking through the bore at a 100 yard target. Once on the paper it tracked accurately enough to where 4 rounds were sufficient to get the rifle to shoot where I wanted.
Now, a word of warning: where I wanted and where I should have are different things. Being used to sighting in regular scopes I dialed the point of impact at 1.5″ above the bulls eye, and then was surprised to see that the rifle shot high at 200 yards. I think this would be a very typical user error, since the Eliminator should be dialed in to shoot exactly at bulls eye at 100 yards, if this is how you are sighting the rifle in. It took me a minute to figure out what did I do wrong, and the only correction needed at that point was to change the ballistic table in the scope from 1-36 to 2-36, indicating the 200 yard zero.
I will explain this detail just a little: the two types of zero in Eliminator allow to effectively increase the calculated range for most cartridges to 600 yards with a “2” series table compared to the 500 yards with the “1” series tables. In effect both the 100 and 200 yard points of impact will be at the same point, the crosshairs. If you go to the 200 yard zero (the “2” series table) then the five dots that the scope will calculate drop compensation for in the absence of a good range will be 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 yards. Of course if you range a good target the scope will calculate compensation for ranges out to 800 yards but you really should test out loads and pay attention to the bullet’s ballistic coefficient and Burris drop tables if you are planning to try those ranges. If you are, I am sure you know all of this already.
What you would actually see in my case was, ranging the target at 100 yards (97 to be exact), there was an aiming dot at the crosshairs and in my zeroing in I had a 1.5″ high point of impact. Ranging the 200 yard target (197 yards to be exact), I saw an aiming dot just one or two down from the crosshairs. If used, this put the point of impact at 200 yards about 6″ too high because the scope added the drop compensation to what was already a 3″ high point of aim at 200 yards. Once I switched to a 2-36 table the aiming dot for both 100 and 200 yards appeared exactly at the crosshairs, and the point of impact was 1.5″ high at 100 yards and dead on at 200 yards.
Another word of warning: the Eliminator will only give accurate bullet drop compensation at full magnification, x12. It will put the aiming dot on at any other magnification too, but it will way overcompensate. I imagine that with some creative tinkering one can calibrate the scope so that it will give accurate compensation at lower magnifications but I didn’t bother with this.
This completed the setup, and as an aside I tested a couple of powders I haven’t used before, both working very well in the .300 Wby.
The scope went on an elk hunt in the Colorado GMU 12 in late October, 2011. I scouted the area around the Jensen SWA in the summer and it is fairly open, sagebrush country with aspen stands along the creeks and valleys. I brought both the Weatherby and the Ruger with me, and carried the longer gun since visibility was several hundred yards. Most of the time, at least.
The first opportunity at a cow elk, which was my quarry this time around, came about within the first 2 hours of hunting. I just finished practicing ranging with the Eliminator at some shrubs and the three mule deer does 250 yards away, and was walking along when the two cows came out running 40 yards away from me. They stopped for 2-3 seconds and then moved on. I tried to aim and… realized the scope is still on x12 power! It is very difficult, at least for me, to see an elk at 40 yards through a x12 power scope. So the two cows moved on unharmed, and I saw no more elk that day. The scope ranged fine on the snow covered slopes, and the 20F degree temperatures were not an issue.
The next day I went deeper into the mountains, and picked up a trail of five elk heading into a thickly overgrown creek. A ranging scope is absolutely unnecessary in that kind of environment as the longest possible shot there would be 10 yards. However, the steep snow filled valley provided a robustness test for the Eliminator. It was repeatedly covered in snow that fell on me from the trees; it was shaken mercilessly along with the rifle when I fell, and finally soaked with water when all the snow that I couldn’t clean out melted in the sun once I got to the valley bottom. The butchered Butler Creek covers sort of held up, opening occasionally but overall preventing most of the snow from getting into the objective lens. I did have to re-close them several times after snagging the rifle on branches of scrub oaks and willows.
An hour later the scope and the rifle were traveling on my back up another creek, back to the top of the ridge. The valley was very steep and snow covered, and I took multiple falls, finally tiring enough to fall and drop the rifle, which I previously religiously held up when falling, taking the impact with my own ribs but protecting the gun. This time the rifle slid off my shoulder and went under the snow, where the scope hit a deadfall with a dull “thunk”. It was the time for a break, and I sat down in the snow, fished out the rifle and proceeded trying to clean out the snow from all the crevices that exist on a bolt action.
And, as I lifted my eyes from the snow ball that my Weatherby has become, I saw elk on the opposite side of the valley, looking my way, trying to determine if I was any threat.
The rifle required removal of the bolt and purging of snow from the barrel as well, and it took a while to do this properly. Some 5 minutes later the elk were still there and I was ready to shoot. The Eliminator ranged the shot at 196 yards, and there was no need to adjust the point of impact. I picked out the fatter looking cow from the small herd of 5 and squeezed the trigger. The 200 grain TSX did its part, and the cow is now in the freezer.
The fall the rifle took had no effect on the point of impact, the bullet hit precisely where I put the aiming dot. In hindsight I should have shot the cow in the neck, preventing her from going down into the ravine before expiring and forcing me to pack the meat some 200 extra vertical yards, but I prefer the more reliable heart / lung or shoulder shot.
In conclusion, the Eliminator passed the ruggedness test. I did not get to use its long ranging ability but that is just it: you never know how far is the shot going to be, and having the instant, well computed bullet drop right in the scope is what I bought the Eliminator for. I recommend it to others for the same reason – take the uncertainty out of your moderate range, out to 450-500 yards, shot.


METALITH Aircraft Revetments
METALITH aircraft revetments are protective structures, designed to protect both fixed-wing and rotary units along flight lines at forward operating bases around the world. Typically, military aircraft are surrounded by revetments on two or three sides to protect the aircraft within the cell, as well as other aircraft on the tarmac.
Typical protective benefits of METALITH aircraft revetments include:
- Protection against Sympathetic Detonation: A sympathetic detonation (SD or SYDET), also called flash over, is a usually unintended detonation of an explosive charge caused by a nearby explosion. Sympathetic detonation is caused by a shock wave, or impact of primary or secondary blast fragments. The initiating explosive is called the donor explosive, and the secondary explosion is known as receptor explosive. In case of a chain detonation, a receptor explosive can become a donor explosive. In short, aircraft revetments prevent the potential for the explosion of one aircraft to cause multiple follow on explosions of other aircraft in the flight line.
- Protection against Low-Angle, High-Velocity Fragmentation: Fragmentation and shrapnel caused by explosions and/or ordnance can cause loss of life, severe injury and damage to property and other aircraft. Revetments are emplaced around parked aircraft at Forward Operating bases to protect against such damage and destruction.
- Protection against destruction by enemy attack: In addition to the benefits referenced above, aircraft revetments provide protection against non-direct hit attacks by enemy weapons and forces.
Typical Aircraft Revetment Design


❮Reading❯ ➳ The Composite Bow ➬ Author Mike Loades – Jobs-in-kingston.co.uk An ancient design, emerging from Central Asia in the second millennium BC the composite bow was adopted by a staggering variety of cultures, from nomadic tribal peoples such as the Huns, Turks, and Mo An ancient design, emerging from Central Asia in the second millennium BC The Composite Bow was adopted by a staggering variety of cultures, from nomadic tribal peoples such as the Huns, Turks, and Mongols, to mighty empires such as the Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Arabs, and Chinese Offering high power and portability, the
The Composite MOBI :¿ composite bow was an ideal cavalry weapon, though it was also used by infantry in open battle, and as a siege weapon In this important study, an expert on Eastern military technology tells the story of this extraordinary piece of military hardware how it was made and how various cultures developed differing tactics for using it He explains why The Composite Bow achieved such stunning successes, and how it endured as a weapon of choice for thousands of years. This is my first book with the weapons series under Osprey, even though I have been an Osprey fan since 2004 I found it very helpful and informative about the mechanics of composite bow construction and operation. A good overview of a number of bows from differing ethnic groups.
- 80 pages
- The Composite Bow
- Mike Loades
- 04 August 2017 Mike Loades


A rifle is one of the most powerful and difficult accessories in the color guard. Often reserved for the most elite performers, a rifle requires a high degree of technical experience and discipline to use.
When used correctly, rifle wielders can bring a color guard's performance to the next level, showcasing the group's mastery, skill level and artistry all at once.
While there are many different types of styles, colors and sizes of rifles, they are made out of two basic materials: wood and plastic. While both are used in similar ways, they do have differences directors should understand before purchasing one or the other.
The weight of wood rifles may be a little more difficult to control than plastic because there are many varies of wood. Instructors will have to be vigilant about weighing the rifles prior to handing them out to their guard. It's much easier for manufacturers to create perfectly balanced plastic rifles.
Both plastic and wood rifles tend to be very durable. However, there are some concerns to take note of. First, plastic rifles are typically covered in polyethylene, which is highly crack resistant. Yet, it can warp over time, and the rifle can fray at the ends. Wood rifles, on the other hand, are made from dense trees, but can break if continuously dropped on hard surfaces. That's why instructors tend to use plastic rifles for rehearsal and wooden ones for live performances.
For more information on marching band accessories, contact Marching Show Concepts today!


The Shinobi Prosthetic is the false arm of Sekiro that was fashioned by the Sculptor of the Desolate Temple. This is no ordinary prosthetic, as it can not only be outfitted with various gadgets, but some of these can also be in conjunction with Sekiro's katana for added effect.
- Grappling Hook: allows the player to get to higher points to scout or prepare for stealth maneuvers; can also be used in combat to pull enemies closer
- Secondary Weapons: the prosthetic is reminiscent of the trick weapons of Bloodborne. An axe was featured in the E3 demo that was used to shatter shields.
- Ninja Tricks: some marketing material show off firecrackers being ignited from the proesthetic, strartling enemies and horses in the demo.
- Fan Shield: blades that extend out from the prosthetic and link together, forming a temporary shield.
- Ranged Weapons: Miyazaki implied that the proesthetic can be used to launch projectiles such as shuriken. A kunai is seen tied to the proesthetic in the teaser trailer.
- Flamethrower: following this with a katana swing causes the katana to ignite in flame for a limited period of time
- Spear: The TSG trailer briefly reveals a spear like prosthetic. The spearhead appears to detach from the prosthetic, and the pole extends to a great length, the spear is then used to Stab an enemy out of sword range, and pull them in close.