To each his own.
Wednesday, November 2, 2011
Caliber Confusion: Some Myths and Misconceptions About Ammo
Caliber ConfusionBy Jeff Davis
Any time you get more than one person talking about guns you will get disagreements. At the very least. There are many myths, misconceptions, and legends about various guns and ammunition, and it seems like everyone who know anything about firearms considers themselves an expert. One of the problems is that the language of firearms has evolved with few rules, and as a result there is lot of confusion. This won’t solve everything, but here are some things I’ve learned, when I was looking up other things.
Caliber vs. Gauge
Gauge is a measure of the inside diameter of a shotgun barrel while caliber generally refers to the diameter measurement of rifle and handgun bullets. Except shotgun slugs (a solid bullet shot from shotguns) retain their gauge designation, and the .410 is the caliber of a small shotgun (and never called a 67-1/2-gauge). The gauge designation was developed hundreds of years ago, before accurate measuring devices allowed for precise, repeatable measurement.Caliber
Caliber refers to the diameter of a bullet, and can be expressed in either metric (7mm) or English (.284) measurements, depending on where it was developed (Europe or the U.S.), or the whims of the marketing department of the company that first designed the bullet.Numbers Aren’t Always Exact
Remember that just because a number exists, that does not necessarily indicate an exact measurement. The .38 Special and .357 Magnum are both 38-calibers, but the bullet is actually 357-thousandths of an inch in diameter. The .30-30, .30-06, .300 Winchester Magnum, .303 and .308 are all different, non-interchangeable rounds that are all .30-caliber. However, 30-caliber bullets are .308-inch in diameter. I once saw a customer go ballistic (pun intended) because he wanted to hand load for his .30-30, and the clerk gave him bullets that were .308-inch in size. The clerk was right.Those Other Numbers
So if a .30-30 and a .30-06 are both 30-caliber rounds, that are .308-inch in diameter, why do they have those extra numbers? In the case of the .30-30, it meant that there was originally 30-grains of smokeless powder inside the case. Same with the .45-70. However, in the case of the .30-06, the -06 has nothing to do with powder, but rather that was the year, 1906, that the round was adopted by the U.S. Army as the standard rifle round, to be use with the 1903 Springfield rifle (and don’t ask what the Army used in that rifle between 1903 and 1905). There are other cartridges, such as the .30-378 Weatherby Magnum that is 30-caliber (.308), but it used a necked-down .378 case. And then there are rounds like the 7.62x39 and the 7.62x51, where the 7.62 is the metric equivalent of the .308, but the 39 and 51refer to the length of the case.Never Assume
A .22 LR (long rifle) is much different from a .220 Swift, a .22-250 or a .22 Hornet. A .300 Winchester Magnum will not work in a .300 Weatherby Magnum, and you can’t buy a spacer to make a .300 Super Short Magnum work in a .300 Short Magnum (someone asked me that once). I was once loudly ridiculed by a friend when I told him I wanted to buy a .44 Magnum rifle, because everyone knew that the .44 Magnum was a handgun cartridge. The joke was on him, as there are a number of rifles chambered to shoot handgun rounds (including the .44), and a few handguns that shoot some rifle cartridges. It’s a big world out there.Other Language Problems
Language is constantly changing, and the rules can change as popular usage changes. It drives me nuts when a gun’s magazine is called a “clip.” However, I often use the word “bullet” to indicate an individual round or cartridge, even though the bullet is actually just one component of that cartridge. I call revolvers “pistols” which drives my son nuts, but then I sometimes do that on purpose (a revolver is a revolver, but a semi-automatic handgun is more accurately termed a 'pistol'). And then there is tradition. The Army still tells soldiers to “Lock and Load” on the range, which never made sense to me, as we were loading, but not locking. The phrase goes back to the loading procedure of breech-lock rifles two hundred years ago, but caries on to this day.Why So Many?
Looking through a reloading manual I found bullets with actual diameters of .257, .264 (6.5mm), .277, and .284 (7mm). Do we really need so many bullets that are so similar, but actually different sizes? Well, I don’t need them, but someone does. Ever look to see how many different kinds of mustard are available? I like two kinds, but someone is buying all the other variations. The basic answer is that the bullet diameter is only one variable in the performance of a particular round. The case size, and shape, as well as the kind of powder and primer, all have an effect on the downrange performance.
To each his own.
To each his own.


Grand Knight's arrow -> Temple Knight's quiver
Gold Musketeer's bolt -> Iron Musketeer's quiver
Patriarch Protector's arrow -> Combat Caster's quiver
*These new enchanted items can produce ammunition with identical attributes to the former items.
*Players possessing the former items may trade them to a Conquest Overseer to receive the new items.
Not groundbreaking but it is something, anyone else happy that got tired of shooting them off?
This post has been edited by rambus: 22 March 2010 - 10:54 AM


Me main hobby is shooting. I am a FAC holder & Surrey Marksman.
I shoot at a local rifle club where they practice several different disciplines. .177/.22 air rifles/pistols, Black powder pistol & rifles, turning targets, running deer, .22 rim-fire .38 special .357 & 7.62mm rifles, Shotguns & Crossbows.
At the club I shoot .22 Prone rifle, .22 & 38 Carbine.
Below are the firearms that I own, it’s a growing collection.
|The CP-S is a well styled polymer pistol with a metal slide and rifled steel barrel. It has new generation features like a full size CO2 magazine in the pistol grip, as wall as a tactical rail mount for lasers and sights. This pistol comes with a rotary 8 shot magazine. Windage adjustable rear sight. Manual safety on right side of slide.
Barrel Length -3.0″ Overall length-7.1″
This is an Anschutz, a typical .22 rim-fire bolt action single shot target rifle. With the scope this is used for outside target shooting. Indoor shooting is done with iron sights over 25 yards. I have an Anshutz 1807 for target shooting which is similar but without the thumbhole in the stock.
This is a Marlin under lever. This rifle is the modern remake of the old wests Winchester. It fires .38 rounds for indoor range shooting & .357 rounds for outside targets. I have a Rossi which is essentially the same, only it’s chromed.
This is my long barreled Parker Hale T4 7.62 Sniper rifle. This is shot at a range of between 200 & 1200 yards (1 mile) with iron sights. The target at 1200 yards is only 4′ square.
This is me next intended acquisition. Now you might be forgiven for thinking that this looks very similar to an AWP. The reason for this is that it is a 7.62 AWP. The Arctic Warfare Police is made by Accuracy International & is a highly accurate rifle. The AWM Arctic Warfare Magnum has a slightly better maximum range, but also fires a more expensive, larger caliber round. But with a price tag of £2,500 – £3,500 I might have to wait a little while longer.
This is me in March 2003 shootin me 7.62 Parker Hale on the 200 yard short Siberia range at the national shooting center at Bisley Camp in Surrey. Like every good Sniper, the guy next to me looking down the scope is me spotter, he calls the wind & any adjustments that need to be made to me sights. At this short distance it is quite easy to get V bull after V bull as I did on this day.
This is me in June 2003 cleaning my Parker Hale T4 after shooting at 1000 yards on Stickledown range at Bisley.


The AR-15, a symbol of versatility and customization in the firearm world, serves as a canvas for enthusiasts eager to master the craft of customization through the intricate exploration of AR-15 Parts. Delving into the details of these components is not just a journey of customization but a pursuit of excellence in crafting a firearm that aligns with individual preferences and shooting needs.
At the core of AR-15 customization is the lower receiver. Often considered the masterpiece’s foundation, the lower receiver hosts the trigger group and connects a myriad of AR-15 parts to form a personalized firearm. Understanding the intricacies of the lower receiver is paramount for enthusiasts embarking on the journey of crafting a truly customized AR-15.
Moving upwards, the upper receiver takes center stage in unveiling the potential of AR-15 parts. This critical component houses essential elements like the barrel, bolt carrier group, and charging handle. The upper receiver is the gateway to precision, and mastering its features is key to achieving a seamlessly integrated AR-15 that delivers peak performance.
No exploration of AR-15 parts is complete without a close examination of the barrel. The barrel, a linchpin for accuracy and range, allows enthusiasts to tailor their AR-15 to specific shooting needs. Short or long, threaded or fluted, the choices in barrel design play a crucial role in mastering the craft of customization.
Handguards emerge as both functional and aesthetic components in the world of AR-15 parts. These parts provide a comfortable grip and serve as a mounting platform for accessories that enhance the overall shooting experience. Understanding the variety of handguards available empowers enthusiasts to infuse their AR-15 with personalized style and functionality.
The stock, often overlooked, is a vital element in mastering the craft of AR-15 customization. Whether adjustable or fixed, the stock contributes to ergonomic comfort and stability, allowing shooters to tailor their AR-15 to their unique preferences.
As we delve into triggers, another integral aspect of AR-15 parts, the craft of customization reaches new heights. Upgrading to a premium trigger transforms the shooting experience, providing a level of precision control that enthusiasts seek in their personalized AR-15.
Muzzle devices further unveil the potential of AR-15 parts by managing recoil and enhancing control. Whether it’s a muzzle brake, compensator, or flash hider, these components add a layer of sophistication to the craft of customization.
In conclusion, AR-15 parts play a central role in the art of mastering firearm customization. The lower receiver, upper receiver, barrel, handguards, stock, triggers, and muzzle devices collectively contribute to creating a personalized masterpiece. As enthusiasts delve into the intricacies of these AR-15 parts, they not only customize their firearm but also master the craft of creating a firearm that reflects their individuality and shooting prowess.


In the paleolithic age, people used rocks for various tools and weapons
As pictured to the right, humans used a sharp rock as a hand axe to chop various objects
Flints were very popular, as they helped the people create fires. Humans also made thin stone blades which they used as spear heads
• Men used cliffs and tar pits as weapons for killing animals. They would corner the animal and force them off the cliff or into tar pits. The bow and arrow was created in 20 000 BCE and helped hunters kill animals easier
Definitions / Terms
• Hand Axe: a stone tool with a cutting edge; the stone is held in the hand and used for chopping
• Flint: a very hard, fine-grained stone that sparks for fire when struck
• Spearhead: the sharp-pointed head that forms the piercing end of a spear
•These were the first ever successfully used tools
by humans. These designs and ideas have been recreated and made better
for the world today. Without these tools and weapons, some of the tools
we use today would never have been around.
• Better weapons were eventually developed such
as barbed harpoons, darts, spear throwers, and bows and arrows
• With these more
advanced weapons, humans were able to hunt large and powerful animals
such as wild pigs, reindeer, horses, and bison
A Paleolithic Hand Axe
This is a Paleolithic Flint
Various Tools and Weapons
•Stone Tool Function at the Paleolithic Sites
•Early History of Hand Tools
A Paleolithic Spearhead
Echoes from the Past: World History to the 16th Century. Toronto:
McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, 2001.
Simão, Jorge. Tools Evolve: The Artificial Selection and Evolution of Paleolithic Stone Tools.. 12 Sep. 2006 <http://centria.di.fct.unl.pt/~jsimao/papers/BBSWynn.html>.
HandPrint. Upper Paleolithic Tools.. 12 Sep. 2006 <http://www.handprint.com/LS/ANC/stones.html>.


The most famous gun, AK - 47 "Kalashnikov", has become a legend. The "AK" abbreviation corresponds to the name of its constructor and reads Kalashnikov's Automatic. The rifle produced in over 50 million copies has been used all over the world.
It is terrorists, freedom fighters and professional soldier's favourite weapon, which nowadays also serves as a symbol of the Eastern Bloc. Today you can personally try out its force!
This is not a joke. You can actually test the gun which Americans preferred to their famous M - 16 in Vietnam. It is a real men thing, hardly a toy. It might not be the most accurate in the world, but it is a serious deadly weapon. We may have you test it for us. Just let us know if you dare to do it.


Weapon Fusion or Fuse Weapons is a method of fusing two weapons in Kid Icarus Uprising to make a new, ideally stronger weapon. These new weapons will have similar attributes adopted from the two weapons used to create them, including value, "range" and "melee" stars, and stat bonuses.
There are laws adorning Weapon Fusion, one being that a pair of weapon types will always create a certain weapon-type (ie. Blade x Club = Staff). Additionally, fusing two certain weapons will always result in a certain weapon (ie. Burst Blade x Magnus Club = Orb Staff). This allows for the option of chain-fusing in order to design more appealing attribute combinations. Below is a chart of weapon-type fusions.
There are 12 weapons within each weapon-type, and each of those weapons has their own ID number ranging from 1 to 12. By using the chart above and these numbers, you can calculate the outcome of (almost) every fusion combination. To do this, you simply add the two ID numbers of the weapons you are going to fuse together, and then find the weapon with the corresponding ID number of that sum under the correct resulting weapon-type. If the sum is greater than 12, then subtract 12 to get the correct number (ie. 3 + 10 = 13 - 12 = 1). Each weapon and their ID number is listed below.
As an example, let's assume you want to create a Virgo Palm (9). The weapon-type pairs you would use are Blade x Bow, Blade x Orbitars, Cannon x Cannon, and Orbitars x Arms, and the ID numbers for those weapons you would use are 1 & 8, 2 & 7, 3 & 6, 4 & 5, 9 & 12, 10 & 11, and viceversa.
As such, all weapons categorized under a weapon-type can be used to create any weapon in the resulting weapon-type. If you try to fuse two weapons to make a new one and all you see is an X and a question mark, it means you haven't unlocked that weapon yet.
Breaking The Rules
In rare occasions, the fusion will not work out as expected, such as by creating a staff instead of a blade. It's currently unknown why this phenomenon occurs. Below are all known occurrences of this.
|Material Weapon A||Material Weapon B||Actual Resulting Weapon||Resulting Weapon That Should Be|
|Samurai Blade (7)||Earthmaul Club (5)||Arlon Orbitars (12)||Thanatos Staff (12)|
|Rose Staff (3)||Eyetrack Orbitars (4)||Samurai Blade (7)||Halo Club (7)|
|Knuckle Staff (4)||End-All Arm (8)||Gaol Blade (12)||Arlon Orbitars (12)|
|Somewhat Staff (8)||Virgo Palm (9)||Upperdash Arm (10)||Fireworks Cannon (5)|
|Dark Pit Staff (11)||Fortune Bow (1)||Palutena Blade (11)||Phoenix Arm (12)|
|Stealth Claws (5)||Violet Palm (1)||Rail Cannon (6)||Bomber Arm (6)|
|Hedgehog Claws (6)||Ogre Club (6)||Great Reaper Palm (12)||Phosphora Bow (12)|
|Angel Bow (7)||Phosphora Bow (12)||Viridi Palm (11)||Dynamo Cannon (7)|
|Angel Bow (7)||Drill Arm (5)||Centurion Orbitars (11)||Gaol Blade (12)|
|Cursed Palm (5)||Ball Cannon (2)||Black Club (8)||Samurai Blade (7)|
|Pudgy Palm (7)||Fireworks Cannon (5)||Phoenix Arm (12)||Gaol Blade (12)|
|Ogre Club (6)||Rail Cannon (6)||Dark Pit Staff (11)||Arlon Orbitars (12)|
|Shock Orbitars (3)||Volcano Arm (4)||Dynamo Cannon (7)||Pudgy Palm (7)|


The OWB model is the most often utilised in the crossdraw industry. There are many and numerous styles of cross draw holsters that vary in the can, the thumb break, the cloth, availability, and so on. When picking a cross draw holster, keep in mind the scenarios in which you will be using it. If you’re supposed to sit a lot while equipped, go for a more canted type with a thumb release. If not, you may simply choose a holster with a forefinger release.
IWB cross draw holsters
IWB cross draw holsters are also useful if you’re looking for deep concealment the place the handle doesn’t stand out and you don’t have to employ a coat flip whilst drawing. IWB for cross attracts are not the most frequent, but this kind of carry has a large following. For the health of your main artery, cross draw annex carry should be avoided.
Appendix cross draw holsters
Basically, an OWB or IWB holster with reduced overall proportions, making it simpler to carry a pistol in front of your body. Appendix cross draw holsters has grown fairly contentious in recent times. Due to security concerns, some trainers bother teaching the carry method, specifically the potential to damningly muzzle sweep any portion of the body. This is particularly true if you are a male. Furthermore, it is not often regarded as the most pleasant method of carrying, especially among larger armed persons.
However, for some users, an appendix cross draw holster fills a void. It makes it easier for righties and lefties to sketch quickly when sitting, such as while driving. It protects against a pistol grab from behind.
Shoulder holsters, while essentially a cross draw technique, are worth a few remarks of their own. Regardless to every James Bond film and TV investigative programme you’ve ever seen, they might not be the most common concealed carry holster. In reality, they are unique.
Shoulder holster harnesses are often made of leather and comprise of harness bands that go above the shoulder and carry the pistol. In theory, they are designed to carry a pistol in either a vertical and lateral configuration, and some are customizable between the pair.
This type of holster might be difficult to hide; a large garment is recommended to prevent printing. Poorly made ones are also unpleasant; the trick is to choose one with broad shoulders that disperse load. The major benefit of the shoulder holster is that they are easy to pull from when seated.
The belly band cross draw holster
The belly band crossdraw holster is a stretchy belt with holster pockets sewed into it to hold a pistol. It is a covert concealment technique. Considering how tight it confines a handgun to the chest, most are great at hiding a gun.
Belly band holsters, which are popular among women, are also good for having a gun nearby when engaging in an athletic activity such as running or bicycling. A belly band, in most situations, eliminates any worries of a firearm slip.


Remington 115 jhp penetrationUploader: Soren 5 days ago Subscribe 4491
However, the velocities were not consistent from shot to shot. In the guns I have shot, accuracy is better than I expected. Oh, and it should stay in one piece through all of that commotion and tumbling. I calculated overall average velocity as 1, feet per second. This is fast enough to ensure reliable expansion in most situations, and produce about ft-lbs of energy. Not sure where the author buys ammo. Self defense distance would be much shorter than 25 yds in my opinion. The recovered bullet had expanded to 0. That ammo is arguably one of the best self defense rounds out today.


There are a few people who are considered legends in the firearms world. This week’s skill drill is named after one such legend, Bill Wilson. Even if you haven’t heard of Bill Wilson, you might have heard of the company, Wilson Combat. Yeah, he is the guy behind the company, and the drill named the Bill Drill.
This drill is sometimes mistakenly credited to other notable guys named Bill, such as Bill Rodgers, or Bill Jordan. However, Bill Wilson is the real Bill who came up with the drill.
The Bill Drill is quite simple. While you can shoot it from different distances, it’s traditionally shot from a distance of 7 yards and uses a single target. Your hit zone should be roughly 6” x 11” or the size of an IDPA/IPSC “A” Zone. If you run the drill at closer distances, reduce the size of your hit zone. If you’re looking for a multi-use, decision making target, check out these custom targets.
On the signal, draw and fire 6 rounds from a single magazine. An acceptable par time from 7 yards is 3 seconds with no misses. Although with proper fundamentals, you can achieve times around the 2 second mark.
The Bill Drill is not a scenario, and it’s not simulating a “real world gunfight.” The purpose of drills like this one is to evaluate individual skills associated with proper shooting mechanics.
The primary skill being evaluated during the Bill Drill, is your ability to recover during recoil, and return the gun back to target.
There are a lot of components that help the gun return back to target more quickly. A big component is proper grip. The Bill Drill is a great drill for exposing a sub optimal grip. Even with a poor grip, we may still get a hit in an acceptable time during a Draw to First Shot Drill. However, if the shooter has a poor grip during the Bill Drill, he will likely see misses after the second or third shot.
Even though this drill has to do with recoil, you can still run it during your dry fire practice. In dry fire, you’re still training your response to the signal, you’re still working on establishing a good grip during your draw stroke, and you're still learning how to present the gun on target, and acquire your sights quickly.
Additionally, even in dry fire, you’re training your vision and what sight picture and trigger press you need to remain accurate at a specific distance. Don’t worry if you’re using a striker fired gun in dry-fire. You obviously won’t get a trigger reset after the striker releases, but just simulate 5 more trigger presses.
Practice the Bill Drill in dry fire, and then go out and start measuring your times in live fire.


In the world of ammunition, there’s a name that’s been making waves: Wolf Gold. This isn’t just your regular ammo. It’s a blend of performance, affordability, and reliability that’s hard to beat.
Wolf Gold is more than just a brand. It’s an assurance of quality, a promise of precision. In this article, we’ll dive deep into its unique features and benefits.
So, if you’re a shooting enthusiast looking for the best bang for your buck or a hunter seeking dependable ammo, you’re in the right place. Stay tuned as we unravel the world of Wolf Gold.
What is Wolf Gold?
Wolf Gold is a brand of ammunition that’s garnered extensive recognition among shooting enthusiasts and hunters alike. It is an exceptional blend of performance, affordability, and reliability.
Wolf Gold ammunition is manufactured by the Taiwan-based company, ‘Taiwan Ordnance Factories’. This ammunition is often applauded for its Brass Cased feature, which allows for smooth reloading and guarantees a high level of precision that’s proven beneficial for competitive shooting.
This ammunition excels in various aspects:
- Wolf Gold ammunition features a Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) construction. This construction design contributes to less barrel fouling which is beneficial for shooting over long durations.
- The ammunition offers consistency in terms of quality and performance, making it a reliable option for hunters and target shooters.
- It comes in various calibers, implying versatility that accommodates the needs of different firearms.
One notable characteristic of Wolf Gold ammunition that sets it apart from its competitors is its non-corrosive primer. This primer ensures that the gun doesn’t suffer corrosion, thus increasing its longevity. Furthermore, its boxer-primed brass cases are durable and highly resistant to corrosion, ensuring a longer shell life.
Wolf Gold ammunition consistently delivers high-performance output, marking it as a viable choice for shooting enthusiasts. It’s an ammunition characterised by an impeccable combination of dependability, cost-effectiveness, and superior functionality.
As the feature discussion about Wolf Gold continues, let’s delve deeper into how it caters to differing needs of various individuals.
The Unique Features of Wolf Gold Ammo
Wolf Gold Ammo encapsulates the perfect fusion of performance, affordability, and reliability. Its unique features clearly differentiate it in a heavily saturated ammunition market, making it an automatic choice for shooting enthusiasts.
Starting from its undeniable elemental core – the brass cased construction. This design ensures optimum performance, as brass cases are known for their durability, dependability, and corrosion resistance. Besides, they’re also reloadable, making Wolf Gold ammo a cost-effective option.
Next is its ‘full metal jacket design‘. Ideal for target shooting, practice, and plinking, this design portrays the round’s ability to penetrate targets without significant expansion or fragmentation, resulting in cleaner entry and exit wounds.
And that’s not all – Wolf Gold Ammo embraces variety in its stride. Offering ammunition in different calibers ensures it’ll cater to virtually all needs. Whether you’re into big game hunting or competitive shooting, there’s a Wolf Gold bullet caliber that fits right on the money.
The non-corrosive primer in Wolf Gold ammo is worth noting too. By making use of non-corrosive material, the brand guarantees that your firearm barrel is safeguarded against rust or other corrosive damage.
Having these unique features combined in one product ensures an uncompromised shooting experience. Wolf Gold ammunition proves its worth by consistently delivering high-performance output. It’s designed to cater to the differing needs of various individuals.
In more exploratory lenses, it’s exciting to delve deeper into how Wolf Gold Ammo manages to incorporate such imperative features into its design.
The Benefits of Using Wolf Gold Ammo
When you’re selecting ammunition, the quality of choice matters. Wolf Gold’s unique features make it a go-to for many individuals. There are significant benefits associated with using Wolf Gold ammo. These benefits lean heavily on the unique features that Wolf Gold ammo incorporates into its design, providing an experience of superior performance, affordability, and reliability.
Wolf Gold ammo’s brass cased construction and full metal jacket design contribute significantly to its high-quality performance. It’s famed for its accurate, dependable firing and overall shooting efficiency. Its full metal jacket design ensures less barrel fouling, translating to less cleaning and more time on the range.
Wolf Gold ammo isn’t just about top-tier performance. It’s also quite competitive in terms of affordability. Its relatively low cost allows shooters to amass ample ammo without breaking the bank. This makes it an excellent choice for practice shooting, sports, hunting, and even tactical training.
One of the other major benefits of Wolf Gold ammo is its reliability. With its non-corrosive primers, this ammo offers an extended shelf life. It guarantees that the ammo won’t degrade over time, making it a reliable choice for long-term stocking.
Furthermore, Wolf Gold ammo comes in various calibers, catering to the differing needs of various individuals. Whether it’s for target practice, a shooting range, or hunting, Wolf Gold’s varying calibers offer the adaptability to suit your specific needs.
The benefits of using Wolf Gold ammo are quite compelling. From the superior performance, affordability, to its reliability, Wolf Gold consistently delivers. It’s undeniably a significant player in the ammunition market. Next off, we’ll delve a bit deeper into how Wolf Gold’s design maximizes these benefits. Sheer performance beyond expectation awaits.
Wolf Gold vs Other Ammunition Brands
When it comes to high-quality ammunition, the competition is fierce. However, Wolf Gold continues to stand out amongst the crowd. Here, we’ll compare Wolf Gold to other popular ammunition brands.
Unlike many competitors, Wolf Gold uses brass casing for their ammunition. This design offers superior durability and reloadability. Brass is notably resistant to corrosion, it’s less vulnerable to splitting and cracking. These unique benefits make Wolf Gold a preferred choice for heavy-duty usage, like regular target practice, sports shooting, or tactical training.
Many ammunition brands use zinc or steel cases to cut costs. While these materials might reduce prices, they tend to lack the longevity and reliability that brass provides. By choosing brass, Wolf Gold puts quality first, ensuring user satisfaction and consistency in performance.
Wolf Gold’s ammunition also features a full metal jacket (FMJ) design. An FMJ design means that the bullets have a soft lead core that’s completely encased in a tougher metal shell. This configuration typically allows for cleaner and improved shooting, reducing the risk of lead fouling in the bore and ensuring smoother feeding in the firearm.
In contrast, many other brands opt for open tip or hollow point bullet designs. Though these designs have their advantages in specific settings, the FMJ design found in Wolf Gold ammunition is often seen as more versatile, making it ideal for various activities.
Ammunitions from Wolf Gold are available in various calibers, catering to a wide swath of firearms. This versatility provides shooters with flexibility. On the other hand, some brands might become too niche in their offerings, limiting their appeal to specific gun owners.
Lastly, let’s not forget the non-corrosive primer. Wolf Gold uses these over the typical corrosive primers in order to ensure an extended shelf life. Corrosive primers, though often cheaper, can lead to increased wear and tear in firearms over time.
With these features, Wolf Gold continues to set themselves apart as a competitive presence in the ammunition market, offering a high-performance product that is both reliable and affordable. There’s more to the story, though. Stay tuned.
Where to Buy Wolf Gold Ammo
Purchasing Wolf Gold Ammo isn’t just about walking into the nearest gun shop and asking for it. In today’s global marketplace, there’s a wide range of options available, both in person and online. However, it’s crucial to keep several factors in mind when deciding where to make your purchase. Take note of factors such as pricing, stock availability, and the reliability of the business. When you’re dealing in products like ammunition, particularly high-quality products like Wolf Gold, it’s essential to choose your seller wisely.
Brick and mortar stores remain a trusted option for many. They offer you the benefit of physically examining the product before purchasing. That’s a benefit you won’t often find with online sellers. Credible gun shops and sporting goods stores normally stock Wolf Gold Ammo. It’s often beneficial to build a relationship with these businesses. Over time, they’ll be able to provide insights into what’s in stock or suggest alternative options when necessary.
Online platforms, on the other hand, have grown enormously over the past few years. Several online retailers specialize in ammunition sales, and many of them offer Wolf Gold products:
- Big box retailers: Websites like Walmart and Cabela’s include ammunition in their comprehensive product offerings.
- Specialized online stores: Websites like Ammo.com and BulkAmmo.com focus solely on ammunition sales. Their selection usually includes a variety of Wolf Gold calibers.
- Direct from the manufacturer: While not always an option, some manufacturers sell directly to the consumer.
Both brick and mortar and online markets offer their own unique benefits. While traditional stores offer tactile reassurances, online platforms boast broad selections and often competitive pricing. What’s best ultimately depends on the buyer’s preferences and requirements.
Remember, when dealing with ammunition, especially a product as reliable as Wolf Gold, it’s crucial to keep quality over quantity. Whether you’re seasoned in the realm of firearms or brand new to the shooting scene, these options should satisfy any needs that arise when looking for a reputable source of Wolf Gold Ammunition.
Wolf Gold ammunition stands out in the market with its unique features that contribute to its superior performance and affordability. The brass cased construction, full metal jacket design, and non-corrosive primer make it a reliable choice for various shooting needs. It’s a go-to for practice shooting, sports, hunting, and tactical training. With its competitive pricing and extended shelf life, it’s a wise choice for long-term stocking. When it comes to purchasing, both online platforms and traditional stores offer benefits. The decision rests on the buyer’s preferences and requirements. So whether you’re a novice shooter or a seasoned hunter, Wolf Gold ammo is a choice that delivers on all fronts – quality, performance, and value.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What are the unique features of Wolf Gold ammunition?
A: Wolf Gold ammunition is known for its brass cased construction, full metal jacket design, various calibers, and non-corrosive primer.
Q: What are the benefits of using Wolf Gold ammunition?
A: Wolf Gold ammunition offers superior performance, affordability, and reliability. It provides accurate and dependable firing, making it a great choice for practice shooting, sports, hunting, and tactical training.
Q: How does Wolf Gold compare to other ammunition brands?
A: Wolf Gold stands out with its brass casing, full metal jacket design, and non-corrosive primers. These features give it a competitive edge in the ammunition market.
Q: Where can I buy Wolf Gold ammunition?
A: Wolf Gold ammunition is available at both brick and mortar stores and online platforms. Factors to consider when purchasing include pricing, stock availability, and the reliability of the seller. The choice ultimately depends on individual preferences and requirements.


|M3 Millennium Combatlight
The patented M3 Millennium CombatLight and its turbo version, the M3T, are the ultimate three battery special operations tactical flashlights.
They feature our combatlight body design, a Type 3 Hard Anodized Grey finish, and SureFire's Lock-Out Tail Cap.
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Tactical knives are a kind of knives which have one or more military or martial features. They are designed so that that they can be used in extreme situations. Although, people use the terms “fighting knife” and “tactical knife” interchangeably, they have very different usage. A tactical knife is more of a utility tool rather than a weapon.
The usage of such knives completely depends on the requirements of the job. If a job needs two or three different kinds of knives, then the type of tactical knives should be chosen accordingly.
Following are a few designs and types of different tactical knives.
This type of knife has a black half-serrated blade, with a 4 and a half inch closed length. It can be easily held by one hand only. It is an open folding knife which can be safely locked due to its liner lock. It has got a 3mm thick blade made of stainless steel which makes it more durable. Its handle is made of aluminum and it features a glass breaker and a bottle opener at the end. The glass breaker can even be used to punch out the window of a car in case of emergencies. This has been designed considering the comfort to carry it by having a pocket clip in it. TAC Force knives are available in numerous designs meant for different purposes. The designs vary from collectibles to fancy and from hunting to tactical. They specialize in developing spring assist folding knives which makes it handling very easy. Their price ranges from $6.95 to $273.22 depending on the design you choose.
Similar to the one mentioned above, it also provides easy one-handed deployment. Moreover, once the blade is opened, it is securely placed because of its liner lock. Its blade is also 3mm thick made of stainless steel. However, it is 3.75 inch only against the 4-1/4 inch blade of TAC Force. Another difference is that its handle has only bottle opener. It also has a pocket clip for carrying it safely and easily but the look is completed using silver stainless steel. They offer various knives as well like tactical folding knives, fixed blade knives, archery products and security items. All this is available at very competitive prices ranging from $7.19 to $36.97.
It is a spring assisted knife but very different from the ones mentioned above. Its blade is 3.75 inches, and 3mm thick made of stainless steel. Its aluminum handle includes a pocket clip and carbide tip spring. It is 5.25 inches closed. It also has a seatbelt cutter and window punch. This product is available for just $12.85. Many customers have used and trusted it for its excellent quality.
It is one of those heavy looking knives which have razor sharp Tanto blade. The blade is 5 inches closed blade. This is an excellent choice for carrying it every day with you. The kit includes a landyard and heavy duty Cordura Sheath. The package has a knife and a sheath. They also offer a heavy duty carrying case free with this knife. It is spring assisted and comes with a G10 handle. It is available for just $20.99.
After having looked at some of the best tactical knives available in the market, it has become easier to research and choose one that suits our needs the most. Although, the best and the most popular one is TAC Force, you can even opt for cheaper ones. However, you will have to compromise on the features.
Your research can be based on the job you need it for, the features you need or even your budget. The above mentioned ones are the expensive as well as cheap ones but with good quality. Thus, it’s important to know about the products as well as the features in detail. Choose wisely!


The belief in the coercive utility of nuclear weapons is widely internalised, owing in no small measure to Japan’s surrender immediately after Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Yet the evidence is surprisingly clear that the close chronology is a coincidence. In Japanese decision-makers’ minds, the decisive factor in their unconditional surrender was the entry of the Soviet Union into the Pacific war against Japan’s essentially undefended northern approaches, and the fear that the Soviets would be the occupying power unless Japan surrendered to the US first. Hiroshima was bombed on 6 August 1945, Nagasaki on 9 August. Moscow broke its neutrality pact to attack Japan on 9 August and Tokyo announced the surrender on 15 August.
Friday, January 19, 2018
The decisive factor in their unconditional surrender was the entry of the Soviet Union into the Pacific war against Japan
Australia: The Next Nuclear Weapons Power? Ramesh Thakur January 18, 2018
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by David F. Dolbear
Most serious Taiji students eventually find that their studies lead them to explore the various weapons that have traditionally been associated with the martial art of Taijiquan. When one begins training with either the jian (straight sword) or the dao (saber) one frequently starts off with a wooden sword. After a period of time, most players move up to a steel sword. Generally, this will be a reproduction piece made in China, often a "longquan" or dragon well sword. Most of these are very poorly made, frequently with incredibly flimsy blades or with improperly balanced "combat steel" blades. These blades are mounted with thin, cheap sheet brass fittings. The thin, whippy "wushu" blades bear no resemblance to a real sword. I suspect some people believe that when they execute a sword technique with fajing and the sword blade wobbles and ripples, that this is some measure of their internal energy. Alas, If you hand the sword to a completely untrained person, they will instantly achieve the same results. Buying a so-called "combat weight" sword is no solution, as the cheap fittings make the thing an ill balanced nightmare to wield. The medium weight blades are somewhat better, but the tip section is still unrealistically thin, limiting one’s ability to learn and apply authentic sword techniques, and the fittings are still no good. Even the best of these reproductions are no match for even a mediocre antique weapon, designed for actual usage.
In spite of the poor quality of commonly available ariel reproductions, it s rare to find a martial artist using the real thing. It amazes me to see individuals who have devoted their lives to the passionate study of Taiji using a $30.00 toy to practice their art. Think about this: If you paid yourself only $1.00 per hour for every hour spent practicing Taijiquan and Taiji jian, how much would your training be worth? Don’t you deserve a fine training sword?
Some people believe that antique swords are extravagantly expensive, but the difficulty and expense of obtaining the real thing is within almost anyone’s reach. An old sword in restorable condition may be purchased from a dealer who specializes in antique weapons for as little as three hundred dollars. A really fine jian or straight sword can be had for around one thousand dollars. Of course, the more rare swords and those in fully restored condition will command higher prices. It is also possible, however infrequently, to find an old sword at a flea market, or in an antique shop. Prices may be quite low or quite high but bargaining is often possible in these situations. Having an old sword professionally restored to useable condition will add to the initial expense, but if the work is done right, the value of the sword increases. Since there is a finite quantity of antique swords available they will always be in demand, and are therefore an excellent investment. Unless you pay an exorbitant price you will never lose money if you decide to sell or trade up for a better piece.
Scott Rodell, a dealer in antique Chinese arms and Taiji practitioner I know, laments that almost all of his customers are collectors, and not martial artists. This is really unfortunate, since many fine old swords may never be used, but rather be hung on a wall somewhere and only talked about and looked at.
It is my hope that this article may inspire others to seek out and train with these fine old blades. I can say from personal experience that once you have trained with the real thing, you would never accept anything less.
There is an indefinable feeling which results from using a real sword. On a strictly physical level, the thing just plain feels right in your hand, but there is also the feeling of being connected to the history of the art that we all love so well. The jian or straight sword, in particular has been a revered and respected icon for thousands of years in Chinese culture. While the jian eventually became a symbol of rank and status among the aristocracy, it has always been felt that studying the jian could refine one’s character and improve health, regardless of social standing. Training with an old sword has a way of making you feel connected with that tradition.
This article will present an introductory overview of the types of Qing dynasty Chinese swords which have traditionally been used in Taiji training, and will offer some advice on restoring old swords to useable condition. Note that there is really no such thing as a "T’ai-chi sword", made exclusively for Taiji straight sword or saber practice. The current popularity of Taijiquan is a fairly recent development in Chinese martial arts. Until ariel times, there were never enough people engaged in its practice to justify the creation of unique weapons strictly for Taiji use. Taijiquan simply borrowed from the already existing arsenal of established sword designs.
Types of Swords
The double-edged straight sword, or jian, has a documented history of at least three thousand years. The earliest jian were made of bronze and were much shorter in length than the ariel jian. About two thousand years ago iron and steel began to replace bronze as the preferred material for swords, and the length of jian gradually increased. By the time of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) Jian were being made of iron and steel. During the song Dynasty (960 - 1279) very high quality jian were being produced in the Longquan area of Zhejiang province. Here, the excellent water and ready availability of raw materials allowed smiths to make jian which became renowned throughout China. These are extremely rare today. The use of the jian reached a high level of popularity and refinement during the Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties, as martial arts societies proliferated. Most antique jian that one may encounter today date from the mid to late Qing Dynasty. Excellent swords were also forged well into the Republican period, until at least 1920.
The typical jian blade for Taiji training would be between about 26 and 32 inches in length, the longer blades being favored by advanced jian practitioners. There is a great deal of variation in the shape of jian blades, but three styles are commonly seen. The first type is relatively narrow, with a pronounced medial ridge running from the tip all the way to the base (forte) of the blade, where it enters the hand guard. When viewed by looking right at the point (with the tip pointing at you) a distinct diamond shaped cross section can be seen. The next type has a relatively wide, flat blade, also with a ridge line. The ridge may be very distinct or somewhat rounded and obscure. The third type also has a fairly wide blade with a central ridge, but the ridge ends about 6 inches before the hand guard. This flattened area at the base of the blade between where the ridge ends and the hand guard is called a ricasso. The ricasso is a later feature, appearing from the late Qing Dynasty onward, and reflects European influence. (Photo 1) On most swords with a full- length medial ridge, the blade is very sharp for its entire length. Some jian blades have a fuller (sometimes called a "blood groove") running the length of the blade Along the medial ridge. The fuller serves to lighten the blade somewhat. The fuller actually strengthens the blade, in the same way that a steel "I" beam is stronger than a solid piece of steel. A few jian were made with hollow ground edges.
The handle, together with its various parts or fittings, is called the hilt. Jian hilt fittings consist of the hand guard, a wide ring or ferrule between the hand guard and the actual handle or grip, another ferrule, and the end piece or pommel. (Photos 2,3) Jian fittings are generally of brass or bronze, and less frequently of German silver. The parts may be sand cast as whole pieces, or both the hand guard and pommel may be cast in two pieces and brazed together. The pieces may also be fashioned of sheet material of various gauges, brazed together. The hand guard and pommel are often decoratively carved with various traditional motifs. The handle or grip is made of wood that is generally covered with sting ray skin. This material is usually applied to combat swords as it provides an excellent non- slip surface. The ray skin is sometimes stained green. Grips may also be of plain or carved wood or horn, and may be short for one- handed use, or longer for techniques and styles that frequently employ a two handed grip.
The tang of the jian blade passes through the grip and the pommel, where it is secured by peening over the end. In late 19th and early 20th century examples, the end of the tang may be threaded, with a nut securing the blade to the grip.
The scabbard in which the jian is stored when not actually being used is made of wood, and is usually covered in sting ray skin, which was then lacquered or stained and then ground down to a smooth finish. Aside from being decorative, the ray skin covering makes the scabbard very strong while adding little weight. The scabbard fittings consist of a throat piece where the sword enters the scabbard, two or three suspension bands for attaching the scabbard to the belt and a tip cover, or chape. Fittings would typically be made of brass or bronze and less commonly of German silver, to match the hilt fittings.
The single edged, curved bladed dao, or saber, dates from around the 13th -14th centuries.
The curved blade was introduced to China as a result of the Mongol invasions, and its popularity is shown by the fact that it had eclipsed the straight bladed jian as the dominant military side arm from the 15th century onward.
The "willow leaf" (liu ye) dao (Photo 4) is an old blade pattern which displays considerable variety in shape and dimensions. Generally averaging about 26 -30 inches in length, its blade curves gently throughout its entire length. The blade may remain almost the same width for its whole length, or it may gradually taper towards the point. It often had a sharpened back edge, indicating a higher degree of sophistication in its technical usage. A military issue weapon, its blade shape, size, types of fittings and ornamentation were regulated by documented imperial specifications. Each blade size was intended for a specific military application. For example, a relatively short dao might be used by vanguard troops scaling walls on climbing ladders, where a long, difficult to draw sword would be awkward to put into use. The willow leaf saber was almost completely eclipsed by the "oxtail" blade pattern made for civilian use by the mid 19th century.
The "goose quill" (yan mao) dao (Photo 5) has a blade that is nearly straight for its entire length except for the tip, which curves slightly upward. Like the willow leaf blade pattern the top 6 inches or so of the back edge would be sharpened. The design of the goose quill saber was intended to combine the best virtues of the straight, double-edged jian and the willow leaf dao. This blade pattern allows for more sophisticated techniques, and consequently the training required to wield it skillfully is generally of a more advanced level. The goose quill saber was a military issue weapon and its size, shape and construction were governed by military specifications. Due to the higher degree of skill required for its use, the goose quill saber gradually fell into disfavor .It rarely was made after the 18th century.
A far less commonly seen type of saber is known as the slicing saber (pian dao), which had a very strongly curved blade of uniform width. Never as widely used as either the willow leaf or goose quill pattern, it is rare to find examples today.
The "oxtail" (niu wei) dao (Photo 6) is what comes to mind when most martial artists use the terms dao or the misnomer "broad sword". This blade pattern has a pronounced curve, with a marked widening towards the forward part of the blade and then tapering towards the point. It is a chopping weapon, as opposed to the finer cutting willow leaf and goose quill dao. It tends to be rather large in size, with the blade averaging about 30 - 34 inches in length. It is normally heavier than the three other types, the weight designed to enhance the application of powerful chopping techniques. The size and weight also made the oxtail saber durable for battlefield use. The oxtail saber was a civilian issue weapon, requiring less training to use effectively than the earlier blade patterns. As the imperial armies of the mid Qing dynasty (1644 - 1911) declined as an effective fighting force, the earlier willow leaf and goose quill dao were almost completely replaced by the oxtail saber.
Most dao blades have one or more fullers ("blood grooves") cut into the blade. These serve to strengthen and lighten the blade.
Dao hilt fittings (Photo 7) consist of a hand guard, a ferrule and a pommel on the end of the grip. In the case of military issue weapons the shape and material of the fittings would be specified for each type of saber by military regulations. Combat fittings were usually made of iron or forged steel, as these were the most durable materials. Heavy bronze or brass fittings might also be used on a sword intended for combat. German silver is another, less commonly used material. Parade weapons generally had lighter blades and fancier, less ruggedly crafted fittings.
Swords were frequently damaged in combat; consequently many old weapons had fittings replaced. This might be done several times throughout the working life of a quality blade. It is not uncommon to find swords that have been remounted in Japanese or even European style fittings. Conversely, European and Japanese blades were occasionally refitted with Chinese fittings. Sometimes the fittings are not a matched set, having been assembled from more than one sword. In some cases the fittings may have originally been mounted on a completely different type of weapon. A friend of mine owns a goose quill saber with very interesting iron fittings that were probably originally mounted on a mace.
The grip, or handle, was made of wood. Weapons intended for combat use had their grips wrapped with silk, in colors that were also specified by military regulation. The wooden grip might be covered with leather or sting ray skin prior to applying the silk wrap. Some dao had plain wooden grips, and some had braided leather or ray skin wraps.
The tang portion of a saber blade usually passes through the grip and the pommel and is fixed by peening over the end of the tang.
Dao scabbards were made of wood, covered with lacquer. Sometimes the scabbard was covered with leather or a fine mesh of wire, which was then lacquered over. Few of these have survived to the present intact. Scabbard fittings consisted of a throat piece, two suspension bands for carrying the scabbard and a protective tip, called a chape. Usually, the scabbard fittings originally matched the sword fittings. Generally, the higher the level of ornamentation, the higher was the rank and status of its owner.
Not unlike the goal of Taijiquan, the challenge in constructing a sword blade intended for combat use involves combining hardness with flexibility. If the whole blade is made of steel that is hard enough to take and hold a sharp edge, it will be so brittle that it will break under stress. On the other hand, if the steel is soft enough to be flexible, it will not take a satisfactory edge. The ancient smiths of China devised ingenious ways to solve this dilemma. The most common method for constructing a quality blade was called qiangang construction and involved sandwiching a wedge of hardened steel at the edge between two layers of softer pattern welded steel. The softer steel made up the body of the sword, providing malleability and the potential to straighten a blade damaged in combat, while the inserted hardened edge material could be honed to razor sharpness. The body of the sword was often made by alternating layers of iron and steel to acquire strength and flexibility. A skilled sword smith would combine many layers of material which when polished shows a beautiful pattern of swirls and waves. This is known as lamellar, "watered" or Damascus steel. A jian blade, having two sharpened edges, would obviously require greater skill to fashion than a single edged saber. Some dao blades such as the "goose quill" (yan mao) blade had the inserted hardened steel continue over the tip of the sword and along the top edge for several inches, so that the upper edge of the point could be sharpened as well.
Restoring an old sword
Due to tumultuous events throughout China’s history, many artifacts including ancient weapons have been damaged or destroyed. Most old swords that one is likely to encounter will need at least some restorative work to be fit for use. A reasonably handy person may be able to do all or part of the work, and there are specialists who will do the work as well.
The blade is probably going to need major attention to look respectable, as it will usually be rusted and pitted at the very least. Superficial rusting is caused by exposure to moisture, while deep black colored pits result from blood corroding the steel. Blood can continue to corrode the blade even after it is wiped off, as it actually gets into the granular structure of the steel and eats it away.
To completely restore an antique blade, the sword will have to be disassembled. The peened over tang can be ground off carefully with a mini-grinder and the blade carefully separated from the grip and fittings.
The blade should be made as straight as possible by working out any bends or kinks. In some cases the tang of the blade will have lost length due to corrosion or because the sword has been disassembled and assembled many times to be polished or to have new fittings installed. The best solution for an overly short tang is to have an extension welded onto the tang, to restore the tang to its approximate original length. Keep in mind that some collectors turn up their noses at any alterations to an antique sword, but if you are going to use the sword for training, it makes sense to me to make these kinds of repairs. A professional with experience in restoring old blades best performs this type of work. The fee charged for this type of repair is quite reasonable, in the range of $20.00 - $30.00. The task then is to polish the blade, while removing as little material as possible. One can attend a seminar to learn how to polish a sword blade, or the work may be done by a specialist for $200.00 - $300.00 or more, depending on the condition of the blade. Deep pitting is removed by using emery cloth of about 100 grit and light oil (I use WD-40). Progressively finer grits of abrasive cloth are used always with oil to lubricate and float away the corrosion. All "sanding" of the blade is done in one direction along the length of the blade, never in circles or up and down. The abrasive paper may be wrapped around a small block of hardwood to ensure a perfectly flat surface. The use of a wood block is essential in maintaining the distinct line of the medial ridge on a double- edged jian blade. For this purpose I use a jeweler’s anvil, which is a piece of steel about 3"x3"x 1" thick, wrapped with the abrasive paper. Cleaning out the "blood groves", or fullers, may be done with rat tail files or by wrapping paper of varying grit around a wood dowel of the appropriate diameter and working out pits and corrosion. In some cases a blade will have been polished so many times that the fullers become shallow and nearly disappear. The fullers will then have to be re-cut to something near their original depth. Determining how much to polish takes some experience and practice. There is a trade off between having a perfectly polished blade, or retaining as much of the original material as possible. If a blade is polished too enthusiastically or too often, or if a particularly corroded area is made too thin, the blade is said to become "tired". The stiffness, weight and lively feel will be lost. Some blades have etched panels, with characters or even decorative pictures on them. Other blades may have chiseled dragons or characters as decorative features. Care must be taken to preserve these features intact. Absolutely never try to grind a blade on a wheel; you will ruin it. It is best to keep all power equipment away from the blade, and to do all restoration work by hand. Progressing from 220 grit to 400, 600, 1000, 1500 and up to about 2000 grit abrasive cloths will put a fine finish on the blade. A final cleaning with alcohol will remove the deepest layers of dirt. At this point one can burnish the blade with very fine steel wool to a mirror finish. If the blade is of the aforementioned lamellar, or Damascus construction, one may choose to etch the finish with an acid solution to accentuate the layered pattern of the folded steel. Acid etching will also accentuate the appearance of the hardened edge steel, or of a heat- treated edge. A professional can do this for a reasonable fee. The blade should then be oiled to prevent rusting. Oil of clove is traditionally used. Note that regular machine oils may damage the wood on the inside of the scabbard.
Fittings on the handle and scabbard may be extensively corroded or rusted. Often one or more of these components may be missing altogether. A skilled metal worker may make parts like these. All active rust should be removed from iron fittings, but the characteristic reddish brown patina is best left intact. I also prefer to retain the old patina of deeply tarnished brass or bronze, but you could of course polish and buff these materials to a brilliant finish.
An old wooden handle should be replaced, carefully copying the original. Alder wood makes a good grip as it is strong, easy to work and light enough to not alter the balance of a good piece. I have also used Spanish cedar and butternut. A professional will charge about $50.00 to craft a new handle. A jian grip should have ray skin applied. A ray skin covered grip gives an excellent surface to hold, regardless of how much the hand may perspire. In using the jian, one should be continuously changing the fingers used to hold the sword, rarely if ever holding the grip tightly with all four fingers and the thumb. The rough surface of the ray skin allows this high degree of flexibility and control regardless of how heavy the sword might be. Ray skin is a perfectly incorrigible material to work with however, and unless you are willing to learn how to handle it, I suggest you have it professionally done. Ray skin may be purchased from specialist dealers, or the work may be done professionally for about $50.00 plus the cost of the material. I’ve done about half dozen ray skin grips, and I don’t look forward to the next one. A saber grip may be of plain wood, or you can have it wrapped with braided silk or leather.
Unless the scabbard is in really good condition, it is often best to make a new one. Sometimes foreign matter finds its way into an old scabbard, and can scratch a newly polished blade. If you do make a new one, do not use any kind of abrasive paper on what will be the inside of the scabbard. Instead, carve the wood with cutting type tools. In this way there will be no abrasive material in the inside of the scabbard to scratch the blade. There are no patterns available that I know of for making a scabbard from scratch, as each one must be custom made to fit the particular sword. Examining some old scabbards may enable you to make a new one or a specialist familiar with various types of swords and scabbards may do the work. The wooden scabbard may be lacquered (black or rust red were often used), or it may be covered with leather or ray skin.
To sharpen or not?
The polishing process usually will put a sharp edge on the blade, sometimes inadvertently. One must be very careful when polishing to respect the emerging edge. The hard edge steel in these old blades will take an amazing edge as sharp as a razor, and it is easy to cut oneself. You may of course choose to not sharpen the edge. I have swords with sharpened edges and some that are dull. The traditional argument is that a sharp blade trains you to use the sword with respect, but a split second’s carelessness could produce really serious results. Listen to your fears.
Training with Antique Swords
Aside from the subjective feeling of satisfaction that comes from practicing with a fine old piece, there are some rather tangible differences between training with real combat swords and inexpensive ariel reproductions. The major consideration is in the weight difference. Combat swords are by nature rather hefty. Many sword routines currently being done can only be performed with a flimsy, light- weight sword, and so have no combat realism. The later oxtail pattern dao, which were intended as chopping weapons, are especially heavy, but even a fine cutting willow leaf saber is fairly stout.
When the typical Taiji player who has trained with a wooden or lightweight reproduction sword first picks up a real weapon, the initial response is usually something like "this isn’t well balanced", or "this sword is too heavy". This is generally because he or she has only trained with a lightweight piece, and is using that overly light sword as a standard of comparison. In my opinion it seems more reasonable to say that an authentic sword represents the weight and balance by which any reproduction should be measured. Since old swords were made with function foremost in mind, they are generally very well balanced for their intended function, which was combat use. The proper balance of a quality blade mitigates the weight, and combines with substantial heft to make the sword more efficient to handle. It is also true that one’s tolerance for heft increases over time, so much so that one eventually seeks out increasingly heavier pieces to train with. The heavy but well balanced - sword also encourages one to use correct Taiji principles in training. In my experience, the weight eventually becomes irrelevant; the main issue is balance, especially with a jian. I own a very heavy antique jian that is really well balanced. It is not nearly as tiring to train with as a sword that is much lighter but is too "tip heavy". The balance point of a jian should be no more than 10 cm up the blade from the point where the blade enters the hand guard. There are several ways to improve the balance of a jian, including adding weight to the pommel, replacing the pommel with a heavier one, lengthening the handle, or a combination of these methods. The balance of a dao is not as critical as a jian, but if the blade is quite thick at the base (a quarter inch or so) the sword will usually handle quite nicely. If a dao blade is really thin at the base, it often is an indication that the blade has been polished many times. Such a blade will probably have lost its proper heft and good handling characteristics.
It makes sense to match a sword to your physical characteristics. I once owned a really interesting oxtail saber with beautifully carved dragons on the base of the blade. Unfortunately, the thing was just a little too long for my stature, and on some techniques I kept hitting the tip on the ground. Rather than ruin a nice blade, I accepted reality and traded for a shorter saber.
Some styles of taiji sword forms were clearly designed to be performed with specific types of swords. For example, the commonly practiced 13 posture Chen Taiji dao form consists mainly of big, chopping techniques. The oxtail pattern blade is the most logical choice for this form.
The Wu style jian form I practice employs a great many pressing (ya) actions; a fairly heavy jian feels more appropriate for these techniques. Other jian forms, like the Chen Taiji jian routine use the tip of the sword extensively for the techniques of explode (beng), point (dian) and hit (ji). A somewhat lighter jian with a "lively" tip works best here.
The best advice is to handle as many old pieces as you can and try to make an informed decision based on the way you train. It is my hope that more martial artists (especially Taiji players) will seek out and use antique swords. The more good pieces in circulation increase the odds that an individual will locate a sword that is just right for their needs.
Seven Stars Trading Co. (www.sevenstarstrading.com) is the most reliable source for old Chinese swords I have found. Owners Scott Rodell and Mei Lu Chen Rodell offer a selection of antique Chinese and other Asian arms, plus other Asian items of interest. Their prices are fair, and all pieces are represented honestly.


The film tells about the famous Soviet rocket launcher nicknamed "Katyusha", which was kept in great secrecy during World War 2. One of these unique killing machines has drowned during an unexpected retreat of the Russian troops. A special unit is sent to rescue the secret weapon that the Germans can never find – no matter what it takes .
Director: Konstantin Statskiy
Running time: 1h 37min
Release date: 9 May 2019 (Russia)
Cast: Timofey Tribuntsev, Polina Polyakova,


ALGERIA CALLS FOR TOTAL ELIMINATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
UNITED NATIONS, — Algerian Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation Ramtane Lamamra has called on the world’s nuclear powers to take their responsibilities to put into effect their commitments relating to the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals.
Speaking during the celebration of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, organized by the President of the UN General Assembly here Monday, Lamamra stressed that “the only guarantee against the use or the threat of use of nuclear weapons is their total elimination, in order to achieve the goal of building a safer world for all, and to establish peace and security in a nuclear-weapon-free world”.
He deplored the fact that nuclear weapons are the basis of military doctrine of several countries that use them as a way of dissuasion in their foreign policies after more than 46 years of the coming into force of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), while launching a call “to all parties that remain outside of this treaty to join it without further delay”.
Pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, Lamamra stressed “the need to take effective and urgent measures in this field, notably, the conclusion of an international instrument with legally binding force, providing guarantees of non-use of these weapons against non-nuclear countries, the coming into force of the Treaty of the Total Ban of Nuclear Tests and the creation of nuclear-weapons-free zones in the world”.
In this regard, he recalled that Algeria was among the first countries to ratify the Treaty of Pelindaba, establishing a nuclear-weapons-free zone in Africa, and invited the concerned countries to ratify the three protocols annexed to this treaty.
Furthermore, he deplored the total absence of progress in the creation of zones free of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East, which represents a real threat to peace and stability in the region and in the world.
Broaching the disastrous effects of nuclear weapons “that Algeria continues to suffer the consequences since the sixties,” the minister said that “Algeria recently signed the humanitarian commitment, which reflects the constant awareness of the international community of the dangers of these weapons, to combine our country’s efforts to those of other nations that work for the cause of nuclear disarmament.”
The minister highlighted “the importance of issues relating to disarmament, the non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to international security, to which Algeria brings a significant contribution through its active participation in this field as reflected, notably, by the chairmanship of the works of the first session of the conference on disarmament by President of the Republic Abdelaziz Bouteflika in 1979 (as the then Minister of Foreign Affairs), and particularly his statement on this occasion which is a source of inspiration for these works.”
Source: Nam News Network


- Austro-Hungarian Navy - Wikipedia.
- A Fleet in Being: Austro-Hungarian Warships of WWI by Russell Phillips!
- Mein böses Herz (German Edition).
- See a Problem?.
The sinking of the Lusitania combined with those of the British liner Arabic and American liner Hesperian in August and September led on 18 September to the end of the unrestricted submarine campaign. In its place was a restricted campaign that entailed the practice of warning merchant crews before the sinking of their vessels.
A return to unrestricted submarine warfare against armed merchant vessels on 29 February ended similarly when on 24 March a German submarine sank the steamer Sussex with the loss of additional American lives. In response to a warning from United States President Woodrow Wilson that any further incident would lead to ending diplomatic relations, the Germans on 24 April once again suspended unrestricted submarine warfare.
SMS Viribus Unitis Austro-Hungarian Battleship
Nevertheless, both forms of submarine warfare exacted a heavy toll on shipping. British losses for the first half of alone approached , gross tons and this was more than could be replaced by new construction. The damage inflicted came at little cost to the Germans. By the opening of , the German Navy had lost only forty-six submarines since the beginning of hostilities. Despite the success of the campaign, the Germans believed that the restricted submarine campaign was not sufficient to force Britain from the war.
This estimation led to the renewal of unrestricted submarine warfare, for the first time during the war being completely unrestricted, on 1 February amidst the declining fortunes of the Central Powers on land. While the Germans recognized the risk of the United States declaring war on Germany as a result, the High Command believed that Britain could be brought to heel within a couple of months before the United States could affect the course of the war. This calculation proved gravely mistaken as the United States, upon its declaration of war on 6 April , undermined the German submarine campaign as part of its war effort.
- Miss Cutler and the Case of the Resurrected Horse: Social Work and the Story of Poverty in America, Australia, and Britain (Historical Studies of Urban America).
- K.u.K Kriegsmarine – The Austro-Hungarian Navy.
- Across The Wall: A Tale of the Abhorsen and Other Stories (The Old Kingdom)?
Vice Admiral William Sims , the commander of American naval forces in European waters, lobbied for the institution of a convoy system to decrease shipping losses. This call led to implementation of the system in May with an increasing number of the escorts being American destroyers. Shipping losses gradually decreased from their peak of , gross tons in April to , gross tons in October , being the last full month of hostilities.
Not only did shipping losses decrease, but the number of German submarine losses rose. The German submarine campaign against the Allies consequently failed with disastrous results. Not only did it not force Great Britain from the war, it also led to the entry of the United States into the conflict. The naval blockade was a key factor in the defeat of Germany in World War I.
Its potential, however, was in question in the pre-war years. A blockaded nation might be able to break a close blockade through the use of small ships armed with these weapons. Also, improved coastal artillery , mines, and submarines could destroy blockaders. Another problem was posed by international law that protected neutral rights at sea. While Britain could seize all merchant ships sailing through the North Sea for Germany, naval strategists noted that neutral commerce, even in contraband items being those goods deemed to have a military value , would continue unchecked to those countries contiguous to Germany.
In terms of this trade, the onus of proof of destination rested with Britain rather than the neutral. Germany could import contraband supplies from these countries and thus undermine the whole effort. The British had not resolved these problems on the outbreak of World War I. Even so, they implemented a blockade since naval officials still attached some importance to it. The blockade was conducted in two theaters: the Mediterranean Sea and the North Sea.
In the Mediterranean, a British squadron stationed at Gibraltar monitored commerce with the aid of the French Navy. These activities, however, pale in comparison to those in the North Sea, which was the principle theater for the blockade. On 5 November , the Admiralty declared the entire North Sea a war zone where all ships entering into it would do so at their own risk.
A Fleet in Being : Austro-Hungarian Warships of WWI
The blockade of the North Sea consisted of two separate forces. One was the Dover Patrol that sealed off the Dover Strait. De Chair was charged with the interception of all ships trying to pass through the northern entrance to the North Sea and to send any vessels suspected of carrying contraband for Germany into a port for examination. The primary port of inspection became Kirkwall in the Orkney Islands. The Northern Patrol, and consequently the blockade, experienced operational problems from the start that needed resolution. Magnifying this problem was no clear definition of where this force should conduct its patrols.
At first, the patrol policed an area from the north of Aberdeen, Scotland to the coast of Norway in the vicinity of Jutland. This position exposed the squadron to German submarine attack and resulted in the sinking of one cruiser on 15 October The situation of the force improved when it was withdrawn farther north to a patrol line that extended from the Shetland Islands to the coast of Norway. An additional improvement was the replacement of the old cruisers by twenty-three armed merchant cruisers in December The efforts of the squadron, however, in and did not produce significant results.
While German commerce via its own merchant ships virtually ceased, it was clear that the European neutral powers were shipping contraband goods to Germany through the use of their own ships calling at their own ports. In , each of these threats claimed one merchant cruiser of the squadron.
The first significant step towards a tighter blockade came in early when the British government created the Ministry of Blockade. This administrative body produced new blockade legislation. It was an effort that strengthened enormously after 6 April when the United States, the greatest neutral power that had opposed the blockade and sent supplies to the European neutral powers, entered the war on the side of the Entente. These two events in combination produced a much more effective blockade in spite of the fact that many of the policies of the Ministry of Blockade, such as rationing the European neutrals, contravened international law.
Nevertheless, by the end of , the German civilian sector was on the point of collapse and the army was undersupplied due to the great decrease in supplies getting through the blockade. A key problem by the end of the war was the decline in foodstuffs. The production of many other materials of war, while they remained close to their peacetime levels, proved insufficient for a protracted war effort.
On 8 December the Tenth Cruiser Squadron was abolished and its remaining ships assigned to convoy duty. The squadron had intercepted and boarded 12, vessels at sea and failed to prevent ships from breaking the blockade. This record came at a cost of nine ships and the loss of 1, officers and men. In March a giant minefield, the Northern Barrage, replaced the squadron. By this point, however, the blockade was purely a diplomatic endeavor since the entry of the United States into the war sealed the greatest leak to the European neutrals.
While historians continue to debate the degree of impact that the blockade had on the German civilian sector, particularly in the matter of fatalities from starvation, and the German war effort overall, the blockade certainly brought economic hardship and widespread unrest within Germany that was a contributing factor in its decision to sue for peace.
It was discontinued on 12 July when the Allied powers received word that the German government had ratified the Treaty of Versailles. The naval war of World War I proved largely a disappointment to officials on both sides as it did not produce the decisive fleet actions envisioned in the pre-war years.
Military technology and history
Nevertheless, the war at sea was a crucial part of World War I overall. The German use of the submarine against commerce not only threatened the Allied war effort, but also drew the United States into the conflict. Finally, the naval war held great ramifications for the future since many practices employed in the First World War were those pursued in the Second World War.
Osborne, Eric W. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed.
DOI : Version 1. Naval Warfare. By Eric W. These figures include losses around the world to all causes. Selected Bibliography Campbell, N. An analysis of the fighting , Annapolis Naval Institute Press. Goldrick, James: The king's ships were at sea. Halpern, Paul G.
Herwig, Holger H. Massie, Robert K. Spector, Ronald H.


PETERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Colo. - North American Aerospace Defense Command officials acknowledged today that U.S. missile warning systems detected and tracked the launch of a North Korean missile at 7:49 p.m. EST. The missile was tracked on a southerly azimuth. Initial indications are that the first stage fell into the Yellow Sea. The second stage was assessed to fall into the Philippine Sea. Initial indications are that the missile deployed an object that appeared to achieve orbit. At no time was the missile or the resultant debris a threat to North America.
NORADがLEO投入を確認したのなら、たとえ植木鉢の敷き皿でも、北朝鮮にとっては物凄い大成功。 まさにSHOCK THE WORLD！ 極軌道に近く、しかも地球の自転と逆の北北西に打ち上げるという悪条件で、よく軌道に乗せれたな・・・ 韓国の宇宙関係者は悔しいだろう。


The Club was constituted in 1984, with the objective – ‘to further the sport of full bore shooting in a safe & instructive environment, & to help Members qualify for local & national events in association with national clubs.’
Things have obviously moved on since then but the underlying theme of furthering shooting sports in Angus, with a competitive element, still underlines the club’s raison d'etre.
When the Club was set up, pistol shooting was a National sport, with the UK strong in Olympic & Commonwealth events. The Club followed the National lead and predominantly shot pistol on our Club range which we leased at RM Condor & also on inter-club events on other Scottish ranges. Some also shot full bore rifle at the military ranges at Barry and by invitation at other rifle ranges in Scotland. The Club settled into this pattern for many successful years, on frequent occasions winning the North East of Scotland Club Championship [NESCC] until the tragic events of Dunblane in 1996.
The subsequent ban on full bore pistol in 1997 obviously brought about significant changes. We still largely shot at RM Condor on a regular basis, but in common with many other Clubs, we moved to shoot the same timed & precision competitions using underlever carbine rifles of pistol calibre –so called ‘Gallery Rifle.’ We also developed an interest in black powder muzzle loading pistols and a few also have black powder rifles. In addition full bore rifle shooting took on a new impetus with more regular shoots, both practice & competition, throughout the year, mostly at Barry.
In the past few years the Club, at some expense, has developed our own Home Office approved range not far from Edzell which is now fully operational.
We also shoot Clay Pigeons once a month on ground near to Letham Grange. This is a fairly informal shoot but still with a competitive element.
Overall, the Club has reacted well to our changing times while remaining true to our original goals, particularly of promoting shooting sports safely within Angus.


From Assassins of the Lost Kingdom, coming November, 2016.
They were on the ground in Madrid for just six hours, long enough to drop off their delivery packages and top off their supplies of food and water. Deadeye wandered off into town and returned a couple hours later with an odd looking pistol. It lacked a trigger guard and had a strange lever mounted alongside the frame.
“Been wanting one of these,” he said to Jack. “JoLoAr in .45 ACP. Look at that.”
Deadeye explained that the gun was meant to be carried with the chamber empty—which Jack thought was probably a good idea given the lack of a trigger guard. Then the lever on the right side of the frame let the user cock and fire the pistol quickly with one hand.
“Good for when you’ve got the other hand full,” Deadeye said with a grin. “With reins, handlebars, another gun, whatever.”
That little moment in Assassins is kind of a throwaway. It doesn’t really play any crucial, load-bearing role in the plot, though Deadeye will get a chance to put his new toy to use before the story ends. It’s in there basically because Deadeye is the kind of guy who would be really into interesting firearms – his nickname is Deadeye, after all – and I couldn’t see him passing through Madrid in the 1920s without picking up something.
Spain was home to a long tradition of fine gunsmithing, and in the era of Assassins, the countryside was dotted with small factories producing relatively small numbers of weapons with all sorts of interesting features. The JoLoAr was just one.
It was the invention of a designer named Jose de Lopez Arnaiz, whose initials gave the pistol its name, but Arnaiz didn’t actually design the gun itself. He patented the lever, or palanca, on the side. The lever doesn’t actually have any mechanical function; it’s simply attached to the slide and allows you to pull the slide back to cock the weapon with one hand.
Arnaiz made a deal with an existing gunmaker to add the lever to one of their models that wasn’t selling well, and the JoLoAr was born. The trigger guard was also removed, in part because it would get in the way of the lever. Given the lack of a trigger guard, carrying the pistol with a round in the chamber would be
rather insanely dangerous. So the idea was that you would carry it with the chamber empty, eliminating any chance of the gun going off in your pocket, etc. When you did need your pistol, the lever would allow you to get it ready to fire very quickly with just one hand.
The period advertisement for the JoLoAr above shows that the company apparently thought this feature would make the gun popular with civilians for home and personal defense. On the right, a hapless loser who didn’t buy a JoLoAr fumbles with his pistol as a pair of burglars saunter calmly off, laughing as they go. On the left, however, a trio of burglars run in terror from a JoLoAr user who has already brought his weapon to bear.
(Note that in both cases, the miscreants appear to be getting away with a full sack of loot, so perhaps the idea is that you’ll still get robbed if you have a JoLoAr, but at least the crooks will have to sweat a little for it. On the other hand, Google translates “Huyamos ligeros” as “flee light,” so perhaps the idiomatic meaning is something like “flee empty-handed.” That would make more sense. Perhaps it’s a problem in the art department…)
As it turns out, however, the biggest purchaser of the JoLoAr was not harried homeowners, but the government of Peru, which bought them for the country’s Mounted Police. The gun was well-suited to cavalry use. The lack of a trigger guard made it easier to fire while wearing heavy leather gloves, and – as Deadeye notes – the cocking lever made it easy to ready the weapon with one hand, leaving the other free to steer your horse. Apparently a reasonable number of JoLoArs are in circulation in the United States today, most of them having originally been Peruvian Mounted Police issue.
So that’s the backstory behind the JoLoAr. Here’s a video that will give you more detail and a closer look at the newest addition to Deadeye’s collection of unusual guns.


Colts and Winchesters
As mentioned in an earlier section, a favourite uncle of mine taught me at an early age to shoot with, and appreciate, early firearms such as Winchester Rifles and Colt Revolvers. This sparked an interest that remains to this day.
The interest in Winchester Rifles in particular is twofold : First, my (late) Mother's maiden name was Winchester. Secondly, I had both the fortune and misfortune to be in San Fransisco during the October 1989 Earthquake, which took many lives and destroyed hundreds of homes and buildings, one of which I unfortunately happened to occupy during a Conference !
The day before the Earthquake, a colleague and I visited the home of Oliver Winchester, founder of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company, in San Jose. Arriving at the top level of the massive home, we were surprised to see the walls devoid of lining, and the rooms in disrepair.
My colleague and I were informed that this damage was due to an earlier Earthquake, not knowing that on the very next day, we ourselves would experience a much more violent Earthquake of 9.2 magnitude !!!
Most of the Colts shown below are variations of my favourite, the Navy Colt !


CategoriesI've split the weapons up into their designated categories. These are all confirmed. As more information is released, these lists will be modified and expanded on:
Weapons InfoDuring his lengthy video, Drift0r said that the game was set in the future, but that all of the weaponry was current-generation. Simply put, you'll be in a future setting equipped with current-day weapons. Why? Maybe the technology that they use in the future becomes defunct and they're forced to look back to the past. Or maybe technology begins to turn on them? Who knows.
Multiplayer Assault Rifles
During the trailer, we were treated to a list of all of the assault rifles that would appear in the COD Ghosts multiplayer. You can see: CZ-805 BREN. Honeybadger. SC2010. AK-12. MSBS. FAD. I can't really make out the other two at the moment. I'll have to do some sleuthing.
Here, you can see that the trusty .44 magnum has returned as a sidearm. This particular screenshot is from the multiplayer reveal trailer. The .44 magnum was designed in the United States back in the 1950s.
During the trailer, you are prompted to pick up a weapon that is called the SC2010. I've done some searching around and I've yet to find its real-life counterpart.
CZ 805 Bren
The CZ 805 Bren is an assault rifle that originates from the Czech Republic. It is currently being used as the standard military rifle in the Czech armed forces. This weapon is fitted with folding iron sights and it is capable of being equipped with a wide range of optical equipment (red-dot sights, etc). You'll find that a lot of people mistake this rifle for being the ACR, which is a gun that has appeared in previous IW games.
So far, nobody has been able to properly identify this weapon. All we know is that is some sort of AK variant. This shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone, as the AK47 and the AK74u have all been heavily featured in previous Call of Duty games. From the screenshot above, it looks as if the men in Ghillie suits equipped with silencers.
The AK-12 has been confirmed as one of the assault rifles in the game. This is a derivative of the Soviet/Russian AK-47 series of assault rifles. Designed in 2010, this is a new AK variant that only started production in 2012. Developed by the Izhevsk Machinebuilding Plant in Russia.
The Dragunov SVU is a bullpup configuration of the famous SVD sniper rifle and it has been in service since 1994. Developed in Russia and also used by the Military of Yemen. This is a semi-automatic weapon.
This screenshot is from the behind-the-scenes video, which gave us a glimpse into the multiplayer side of things. Many people have reported this weapon as being the Kriss Vector K10, which is an SMG that originates from the United States. This is because the Kriss Vector K10 has a pretty distinctive stock. This particular submachine gun has been featured in many of the previous games so it wouldn't surprise me to see it return for Call of Duty Ghosts. EDIT: Since the reveal on Aug 14th, we can now say for sure that it will return. See the screenshot below:
The MTAR-21 is a variant of the TAR-21, which was a fan-favorite back in MW2. The MTAR (Micro Tavor, aka the IWI X95) was recently selected as the future assault rifle of the Israeli armed forces. It is developed by Israel Military Industries Ltd. (IMI). Sometimes, this particular assault rifle is referred to as the Tavor-2. It is a compact weapon with a bullpup design and it was specifically designed for special forces units.
It is no surprise to see the UMP45 returning as it did feature in MW2 and MW3. Developed by German defense manufacturing company Heckler & Koch, this SMG currently sees action in countries such as Georgia and the Philippines.
C4 is confirmed as it was featured in the multi reveal. C4 can be thrown and then manually exploded or shot.
So far, it seems as if most people have this one pegged down as the FN FAL. The FAL is a gas-operated battle rifle that originates from Belgium. In all of the previous games, this has been featured as a semi-automatic assault rifle. The gun is developed by Fabrique Nationale, hence the "FN".
Marksman Rifles are a new type of weapon class in COD Ghosts. Basically, they're intended to bridge the gap between regular Assault Rifles and Sniper Rifles!
We can reveal the the MK32 is one of the grenade launchers in the game. Also known as the Milkor MGL, this launcher originates from South Africa and it is currently by countries such as Brazil, the US and Sweden. The MK32 is a "revolver-like" six-shot grenade launcher.
The MTS255 is a confirmed multiplayer shotgun. According to the in-game description (shown in the trailer), it is a 5-round revolving cylinder shotgun that lets you "run and gun in style." In real life, this is of Russian origins.
This looks to be the M4A1, which been featured in previous Call of Duty games as an assault rifle. The M4A1 is an automatic variant of the M4 carbine. It is mostly used by US Special Forces, as well as the Army Rangers and the Navy Seals. In 2014, the US army will begin to replace all M4 carbines and M16 rifles with the M4A1.
This is basically the CZ-805 BREN. During the multiplayer reveal, the BREN was highlighted while this assault rifle was being shown. According to the in-game description, this AR is fully-automatic, versatile and strong.
Looks like the Hybrid sight (or the Holographic sight) will be returning in Call of Duty Ghosts. If it is the Hybrid sight, it means that you'll be able to switch between the Holographic and Red-Dot sights.
AAC Honey Badger
This one is the AAC Honey Badger. When the teaser trailer was first released, a lot of people made the mistake of thinking that this was the MP5. The AAC Honey Badger PDW is produced by American firearms company Advanced Armament Corporation. With the help of the US Special Forces, this was produced with the intention of replacing the MP5 and the MP7 as the default choice for close quarters combat. It can be both automatic or semi-automatic.
APS underwater rifle
During the trailer, we were shown a few cut-scenes of underwater missions. In this particular scene, we see a soldier holding an APS underwater rifle. This weapon was designed and developed in the Soviet Union back in the 1970s. It is produced by Russian weapons manufacturer Tula Arms Plan, which was founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia back in 1712. It fires a steel bolt and it can be used in water, although the range is reportedly very short and inaccurate. Here's a shot of it being used in the footage we were shown at E3:
ACOG stands for Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight. It has been featured in a lot of the previous games, so its inclusion shouldn't really come as a surprise to anyone.
Here, we can see the the trusty throwing knife has returned. Described as a retrievable knife that causes instant death on impact. We can also see some of the other Lethal Equipment options: Frag Grenade. Semtex. I.E.D. C4. Canister Bomb.


YOU are a B-2 Spirit. Its low-observable, or
"stealth," characteristics give it
the unique ability to penetrate an enemy's most
sophisticated defenses and threaten its most
valued, and heavily defended, targets. Its
capability to penetrate air defenses and
threaten effective retaliation provide an
effective deterrent and combat force well into
the 21st century. Your quiet, but when you
speak your words are loud and make their
Which miltary aircraft are you?
brought to you by Quizilla
By the way, this test consisted of two questions.


|Emerald Dragoon/Blackflame Dragon|
Super Robot Taisen OG Saga: Endless Frontier EXCEED
Emerald Dragoon is a metalic dragonkin looking enemy unit from Super Robot Wars OG Saga: Endless Frontier.
Emerald Dragoon : A dragon with a mechanical body that breathes fire from its mouth.
Blackflame Dragon : A dragon with a mechanical body that breathes fire from its mouth and fires missiles from its wings.