THE GUNPOWDER REVOLUTIONS OF MEDIEVAL CHINA AND EUROPE: The Great Divergence of Military Technology
Updated: Apr 6, 2022
This entry discusses one of the most significant revolutions in world history. Beginning in the Tang and utilized militarily during the Song, China’s invention of gunpowder transformed the face of warfare forever. The application of this simple chemical mixture ended entire social classes and turned imposing fortresses to rubble. This paper discusses its invention and early military uses in China and analyzes how foreigners, especially Europeans, were able to advance it beyond that of the Chinese even after adopting it much later. This question runs in conjunction with the topic of the “Great Divergence” of how the West eventually surpassed China technologically by the time of the Renaissance. Why did China’s military technology plateau and stagnate while Western Europeans advanced so quickly? Many scholars have tackled questions surrounding the Great Divergence but few have approached the topic from the perspective of war. This paper examines the ironic twist of Europe’s usurpation of China in military technology, and does so with a two-part hypothesis: China lacked the economic and military competition that brought European nation-states to power, and that strict bureaucratic controls coupled with a unique political culture stagnated China’s technological advancement. In short, the hypothesis takes the position that China’s traditional enemies were people of the steppe, city-less “barbarians” surviving on the fringes of the empire who fought with little more than horse and bow. A Sinocentric Asia and centuries-long periods of peace allowed China to enjoy a largely unchallenged supremacy of the Orient, resulting in little motivation to advance gunpowder technology. Meanwhile, the formation of nation states in Europe created steep competition and circumstances of survival that triggered fast-paced development of technology in the field of war.
"China lacked the economic and military competition that brought European nation-states to power, and that strict bureaucratic controls coupled with a unique political culture stagnated China’s technological advancement."
Enthusiasts and students of history know that China is the birthplace of gunpowder and the first gunpowder weapons. So why then, did the Europeans surpass China in advancing gunpowder weapons and technology? Home to the first bamboo, bronze, and later iron cannons, as well as rockets, and bombs, the zenith of their technology was indicated in the the Ming Dynasty's military treatise called the "Fire Dragon Manual" (火龍經 Huo Long Jing) published sometime in the mid 1390's, according to scientist and Sinologist Joseph Needham.
The extent of medieval China's military technology can be demonstrated through several examples of its medieval weapons. Not long after its inception, gunpowder's military uses were immediately realized. A vast array of applications, some innovative and creative, others seemingly wacky and clumsy, resulted in the following centuries. Here are a few of the many known examples of the extent of medieval Chinese weapons before the Western arquebus.
1) The Three-eyed Gun: A triple barreled hand cannon attached to a long stock. Each barrel can be fired individually or simultaneously like a primitive shotgun. It also doubled as a melee weapon for close quarters.
2) Heavy Iron Cannons: for use on defending walls and fortifications. Such heavy iron cannons could also be placed on ships. These came in a variety of sizes and delivered ordnance. Two examples are the Great General Cannon and the Crouching Tiger Cannon
3) The Rocket and Rocket Arrows: Devastating artillery for use on the field could be fired en masse against incoming enemy forces. Dozens of rocket-propelled arrows would arc over the battlefield to rain devastation on incoming enemy forces. The Korean version, known as the Hwacha, was used to great effect against invading Japanese forces during the Imjin War of the 1590's.
4) "Fire Dragon Issuing from Water"
This multi-stage missile looks clumsy as is, live-action experiments have shown that modifications to the stabilizing fins (i.e what's used on actual modern rockets) actually have shown that this weapon is capable of effective and accurate flight as well as damage against enemy forces.
5) The world’s first continuous flamethrower
This Song Dynasty innovation allows for a steady, continuous stream of flame thanks to the Chinese invention of the double action piston bellows.
While the Chinese armies of the Ming Empire were still using multi-barrel hand cannons in the late 15th century, Europeans were already mass-manufacturing the matchlock musket and the arquebus. Pulling the trigger of a musket activated an intricate lock mechanism that brought the match into a flash pan that, in turn, ignited the powder in the chamber. Joseph Needham writes “…it would have been just like the locksmiths of the West to take the trigger and take the further step of inserting springs, levers, detents, and tumblers between the trigger and the touchhole.” In comparison, European guns were more powerful, had greater range, and were more accurate than their Chinese counterparts.
By the 16th century, China was importing tons of these new guns from the Europeans and used them side by side with their domestically made ones. The matchlock guns evolved into flintlock, then to wheel lock, then percussion caps, and finally metal cartridges that allow firing multiple rounds and fast reload times. Every single one of them—innovated and designed by Europeans. Even the gunpowder, which they corned, was more potent than the original Chinese formula (even though there’s circumstantial evidence China had corned gunpowder before). But this powder allowed bullets to reach supersonic speeds.
The questions remain as to how and why this technology plateaued/ stagnated and why Europe advanced.
Reasons for stagnation:
Lack of Technologically Sophisticated Enemies: China’s traditional enemies were not technologically sophisticated. When it was not fighting with itself in between dynasties, China maintained volatile and conflict-ridden relationships with its neighbors to the north and to the west. The Tanguts, the Khitans, the Mongols, and the Jurchens all come from nomadic or semi-nomadic traditions. Their forte was horse archery and cavalry units.
2. Bureaucratic Obstacles—Government policies and restrictions. The Scholar-gentry took great measures to limit innovations in gunpowder weaponry especially during the Ming-Qing dynasties. In the earlier years of the Ming, the government was militarily oriented. The civil bureaucracy did not have much power or leverage when it came to martial affairs. This status quo was reversed in 1425. It was then that the civil service was placed a tier higher than the military officials. Ever since that time, it seems, the civil service was committed to making sure they held on to their power. This included maintaining a firm grip on the development of weapons technology that could threaten the status quo and the establishment. Peter Lorge writes: “knowledge of gun and gunpowder making became more restricted outside of the military, and bureaucratic controls were placed on who within the government had access to that information”.
3. Low-regard for scientific advancements: The Chinese elite, especially in the Ming, generally did not hold the sciences in high-regard. There was a low esteem or disdain for science among the scholar elite. Why? Simply because it did little to nothing to help them advanced their own careers within the government. Civil service examinations have consumed the entire lives of the literati, they were wholly dedicated to achieving higher ranks, and getting promotions, and living lofty lives. Wilkinson of the Chinese History Manual writes “Most members of the educated elite did not pay much attention to technical subjects, let alone study or write about them, because they were no help in getting ahead in the official world”. History, philosophy, and statecraft —these were what occupied them the most. Needham writes “During the following couple centuries, the knowledge of firearms was a “restricted’ item in the Ming dynasty. Hence, scholars were not sufficiently acquainted with guns and cannon to deal with them adequately in their writings.” The political climate was quite opposite in Europe at that same time. There was a spirit of innovation there. Peter Lorge writes “It was not military logic of the technology itself but probably commercial and political pressures that initiated these important advancements in guns.”
4. Low Regard for Military- In conjunction with the second and third points, the Ming held a low-regard for the military. Anyone in military service was generally held in lower esteem than those who had careers in civil service. The military was often the career choice for someone who could not pass the civil service examinations. That was shameful for them. Emperors were also particularly suspicious of anything, innovations included, that could be used to threaten their power or weaken the state.
5. The Qing, China's last dynasty, was averse to new technologies- The Qing Dynasty was far less innovative than the Ming or Song Dynasties. Qing emperors like Qianlong and Jiaqing held horsemanship and horse archery in high-regard, putting it at the center of what it meant to be Manchu. Rhoads writes “For most banner soldiers, military training focused exclusively on horsemanship and archery.” When the Europeans were utilizing the most advanced rifles during the Opium Wars, the Qing were using antiquated matchlocks and bows.
SOME REASONS FOR EUROPE'S MILITARY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
Author Peter A. Lorge writes that Chinese gun and cannon designs had reached their zenith by the 14th century at the latest (Lorge, 71). Fire weapons from that point forward had changed very little and only the most minor improvements or “updates” would be made to their current designs. The quality of the weapons would also differ depending the on the artisans which the government employed. It was a very different story in Europe, however. By the 15th and especially the 16th century, European advances on guns and cannons had officially surpassed that of the Chinese as well as their contemporaries in the Middle East such as the Ottomans and the Safavids.
The first notable military encounter China had with the West in the early modern era took place between the Portuguese and the Ming at the battle of Tunmen in 1521 and again in 1522 (Wills Jr., 31-31). Both battles gave the Chinese decisive victories over the Portuguese ships but there was one prize they managed to salvage from their scuffles— breech-loading cannons. These cannons allowed them to be reloaded much more easily via a detachable breech rather than through the muzzle. Admiral Wang Hong was known to promote making copies of the Western guns to be distributed and used across the Ming Empire. It was clear at that point that the West had already surpassed China in military technology. By this time, the Portuguese were already armed with the arquebus—a smaller form of matchlock musket. A pull of a trigger would activate a lock mechanism that brought down the slow-burning match into the powder in a flash pan to ignite the powder in the chamber which, in turn, launched the ball bullet. “…it would have been just like the locksmiths of the West to take the trigger and take the further step of inserting springs, levers, detents, and tumblers between the trigger and the touchhole.” (Needham, 464). The arquebus was easier to operate, more reliable, and accurate than the hand cannons used in China at that time.
In the following centuries, Europeans would make significant improvements in weapons. The matchlock mechanism evolved into the the wheellock, the flintlock, the percussion cap, and later the cartridge which allowed for the creation of fully automatic guns. Additionally, European cannons became bigger, much more powerful and accurate than that of their Eastern counterparts by the 16th century. Superior firepower was a major determining factor in their imperial conquests in Africa and the Americas as well as the key in the British Empire’s victory over the Qing during the first and second Opium Wars. With their advanced technology, the rest of the world would simply adopt, copy, or purchase their weapons from the Europeans. The question remains: what motivated the European technological advances, and what resulted in the Chinese plateauing in the advancements of their own inventions?
The Renaissance. The so-called Renaissance was a gradual rekindling of Europe’s love for art, philosophy, and science. It marked the rebirth of invention and innovation in the West. Furthermore, Gutenberg’s rendition of the movable type printer stimulated education and the circulation of books. The increased literacy rates played a major role in gradually bringing Europe, at least for the privileged population, out from the fabled "Dark Ages".
2. Steep Competition during the Age of Exploration- The Renaissance provided a platform for the age of exploration and the European scramble to carve out colonies to enrich their respective kingdoms in the name of their monarchs. According to the text World Civilizations, the Europeans, unlike their imperial Muslim rivals were “more adept at taking advantage of the gunpowder revolution (Stearns, 587)”. The fierce competition between Western Europe’s nation-states allowed them to mobilize resources more effectively than their contemporaneous Muslim gunpowder empires which were as technologically sophisticated in weaponry. This survival competition allowed European nations to become “more receptive to technological innovation, which became a central ingredient of political success in the gunpowder era”. In support of these statements, Peter A. Lorge writes that “commercial competition and the need to defend urban centers from armies pushed up technological innovation and weapon production.” Europe’s urbanization during the Renaissance provided a setting similar to that of China during the Song dynasty where innovation and proto-industrialization were the primary features of the era. It facilitated Europe’s rise to power and global predominance during the 16th century. Joseph Needham comments that “the Renaissance, the Reformation, the growth of capitalism, and the scientific revolution… [in addition to] the speed of change in Europe began to outstrip the slow and steady rate of advance dictated by Chinese bureaucratic feudalism.”
3. The Factor of War- War is one of the strongest, if not, the strongest motivators for technological advancement. The 15th and 16th centuries were times of great transition in Europe. It was a time plagued by constant and non-stop fighting between and from within the young nation-states. It also faced a threat from the Ottoman Empire to the east, having had to repel two attempted invasions at Vienna. According to the online encyclopedia “European military prowess grew largely from technological advances made by the major powers as they fought one another almost incessantly throughout the Renaissance era”. It is during the span of the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries where the major advances in gunpowder weapons take place. Lots of conflicts erupted within Europe during this time. The nations all vied against each other for control, for survival, and colonial pursuits. European Christendom itself faced violent internal conflict where Protestant monarchies contended with Catholic ones over converts and conquests overseas (Stearns, 468).
Meanwhile in Asia, the only other gunpowder nation that developed sophisticated gunpowder weaponry was Korea (not counting Japan prior to Portuguese contact in 1543) but the Joseon dynasty was strongly allied with China and never had a major conflict against the Ming.
Guns and cannons were becoming the dominant way Europeans fought battles in the early modern era. In China, gunpowder units played large and major roles on the battlefield, but the mainstay remained traditional, swords, spears, and archers.
The matchlock and wheellock mechanisms for discharging higher-quality firearms were invented in Germany by the 15th century (Lorge, 15) at a time when Chinese armies were still manually lighting the touch-holes and fuses on their hand-held cannons or used simple serpentine levers to direct the match into the fuse (Needham, 425). China would not adopt the matchlock mechanism on the musket until it was introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Europeans even improved the gunpowder itself through a process of “corning” for their bullets to achieve “supersonic bullet velocity to increase range and killing power” (Ibid), though evidence that the Chinese have corned gunpowder prior to contact with Europeans is still circumstantial. In short, by this time, European guns were more powerful, more accurate and reliable, had greater range, and were larger than that of the Chinese. This state of affairs also directly affected the way the civilizations conducted battle. In China, traditional units remained the mainstay of the military where archers, sword and shield units, and spearmen were accompanied by gunpowder support units. In Europe during and after the Renaissance, musketeers and cannoneers were slowly becoming the bulk of fighting forces to the point where infantrymen were exchanging musket volley fire from across the field more often than they were crossing swords in close combat.
Though the hypothesis claimed that it was simply China’s lack of military and economic competition coupled with strict government control that caused its technology to stagnate, it was merely a possible one of many contributing factors. In Asia, all other nations paid tribute to China as a form of submission and admission to the Ming Empire’s supremacy and predominance over the Orient. The only military contest it experienced came from outsiders from beyond the Great Wall. These invaders utilized no advanced weaponry except during the times where they adopted Chinese technology (as in the case of the Jin prior to the Mongol invasions). The Chinese military under the Ming may have believed in their supposed monopoly over gunpowder technology until Europeans with more effective designs appeared in the early 16th century brought with them breech-loading cannons and muskets and arquebuses with matchlock trigger mechanisms.
Furthermore, the scholar-gentry’s ignorance and disdain for scientific pursuits, coupled with their strong influence on socio-political culture prevented the Ming from following the Song dynasty’s inventiveness and technological innovation. It was unhelpful that the emperor and the bureaucracy were suspicious of advanced weapons or anything else that could potentially threaten their power and the current status quo. Military careers during the Ming were held in low-esteem which further harmed China’s potential for gaining any martial advantage over the Europeans by the turn of the 16th century.
Despite the contact more advanced foreigners, the Qing dynasty’s strict policies on maintaining traditional archery traditions and pre-gunpowder styles of fighting further inhibited China’s potential for advancing technologically. This left them completely vulnerable to the wiles of the British who attacked in the 19th century Opium Wars. The state of affairs was almost completely opposite in Europe where political and economic atmospheres in conjunction with deadly competition with other nation-states facilitated the advancement of wealth and technology in all areas especially in the field of war. This was further accelerated by their rivalries in colonies abroad, within Christendom, and with their enemies in the Muslim world such as the Ottomans who forged a powerful gunpowder empire of their own.
Weapons technology is a crucial factor in causing the Great Divergence and the most important tool in Europe’s pursuit of imperial expansion. Through force by guns, among other factors, Europe blazed a trail to global predominance by shipping slaves, conquering territories, coercing foreign nations to specific terms of trade, and converting millions to Christendom— all from the end of the barrel of a gun. Through the example of gunpowder, one can clearly observe the way civilizations tackle new technologies depending on cultural contexts, political and economic climates, and military demands.
"The Military Revolution and European Expansion." American Eras. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 9, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/history/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/military-revolution-and-european-expansion
Dreyer, Edward L., guest speaker. "China." Engineering an Empire. History Channel: 11 Dec 2006. Television.
Hawley, Samuel Jay. The Imjin War: Japans sixteenth-century invasion of Korea and attempt to conquer China. Lexington, KY: Conquistador Press, 2014.
Lorge, Peter Allan. The Asian military revolution: from gunpowder to the bomb. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Needham, Joseph. Chemistry and chemical technology. Vol. 5. 7 vols. Science and Civilisation in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Peers, Chris. Soldiers of the Dragon: Chinese Armies 1500 BC-AD 1840. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2006. A text on the military history of premodern China.
Porter, David. "Gun Control, Qing Style." Manchu Studies Group. March 09, 2013. Accessed November 7, 2017. http://www.manchustudiesgroup.org/2013/03/09/the-solon-way-2012-edition/.
Rhoads, Edward J. M. Manchus and Han: Ethnic Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China, 1861-1928. University of Washington Press, 2011.
Stearns, Peter N. World Civilizations: The Global Experience. 7th ed. Vol. Combined Volume. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2015.
Temple, Robert K. G. The genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery & invention. London: Andre Deutsch, 2013.
Wilkinson, Endymion Porter. Chinese history: a new manual. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard University Press, 2015.
Wills, John E., and J. L. Cranmer-Byng. China and maritime Europe, 1500-1800: trade settlement, diplomacy, and missions. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011


Today I was thinking how important rifle precision is, so I decided to write this blog post to help out all the shooters out there to claim much better accuracy. I was also inclined to talk about this new shooting guide that I have come across called the Precision Shooting Program PDF.
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168 .308 ttsx penetration
I would not suggest the TTSX. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. Shot placement only means the better the placement the shorter distance they go for tracking. And if you are mostly a guy who shoots at deer with conventional bullets and only wants to use the TTSX's once or twice a year for other critters then staying in the same grain weight allows you to be as close to your original p. Contact Us - for real. Both would be good choices on elk, but I prefer the lighter loading.
Pourquoi utiliser le 30-06 SPRINGFIELD ? Quelles munitions pour le 30-06 Springfield ?
January 6th, , I have no complaints. Mag Spire Point gr. By blowing out the case walls to a straighter taper and the case shoulder to a much steeper angle, P. When stepping up to heavier game, a grain projectile designed for controlled expansion and deep penetration is much better. Last edited by BassMan; January 6th, at Much as I respect the.
America's Top 10 Big Game Cartridges - Petersen's Hunting
Originally Posted by RugerAR I can't really recommend anything, I don't know what it takes, to knock a moose over with one shot. For elk with the 7mm RM, I like the Accubond. Switch to Threaded Mode. On this ride called Life, you have to take the good with the bad.
Description: For shorter range elk, or for moose, make mine a Swift A-Frame. Effectivement, on ne voit plus de battue. Bonjour que pensez vs de cette balle. EN cuivre avec une pointe plastique …. Mag Swift Scirocco Bonded gr.
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U.S. Winchester Trench Riot Guns Other U.S. Combat Shotguns 2nd
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An average Model can hold 6 shotgun shells in the magazine tube. When the forend is slid forward again, the breech bolt pushes a fresh shell into the gun's chamber and locks into place. The Chinese company Norinco has made an effort to reproduce this firearm. The Norinco 97 is an almost exact copy of the Winchester , produced in both Trench and Riot grades, yet lacking in the fit and finish of the originals. When the Model was first introduced, the price depended upon what grade was being purchased and what features were being added to that specific shotgun.
These were the grades that were normally equipped with an engraved receiver and with checkered, finer wood. These grades were not given the higher valued wood or special designs. These grades stood a higher chance of being badly damaged so there was no need to put extra money into them for appearance purposes. As the functions that were performed with these grades required them to be lightweight, it was not beneficial to use heavy and expensive wood when designing them. Most often, when these grades were purchased, they were purchased in high numbers.
By designing these grades with standard wood and finish, it kept the prices at a lower level. This first major use of issued shotguns by the United States military involved weapons procured and sent to the Philippines in They were employed in countering Moro tribesmen who engaged the Americans in close-quarter combat using knives and swords. This was because many were produced to meet the demands of the military.
When the United States entered World War I, there was a need for more service weapons to be issued to the troops. It became clear to the United States just how brutal trench warfare was, and how great the need was for a large amount of close-range firepower while fighting in a trench , after they had observed the war for the first three years. The pre-existing Winchester Model was modified by adding a perforated steel heat shield over the barrel which kept the soldier's hands off a hot barrel,  and an adapter with bayonet lug for affixing an M bayonet.
This model was ideal for close combat and was efficient in trench warfare due to its inch cylinder bore barrel. Buckshot ammunition was issued with the trench grade during the war.
Each round of this ammunition contained nine This gave considerable firepower to the individual soldier by each round that was fired. It has been said that American soldiers who were skilled at trap shooting were armed with these guns and stationed where they could fire at enemy hand grenades in midair.
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Unlike most modern pump-action shotguns , the Winchester Model versions of which were type classified as the Model 97 or M97 for short fired each time the action closed with the trigger depressed that is, it lacks a trigger disconnector. Coupled with its five-shot capacity, this made it effective for close combat, such that troops referred to it as a " trench sweeper". This characteristic allowed troops to fire the whole magazine with great speed. The Model was so effective, and feared, that the German government protested in vain to have it outlawed in combat.
Despite protesting them, Germans did not listen to Ludendorff and decided to use and unofficially adopt the M for their own use with modifications and named it "trench mouser" and mainly place them with stormtroopers. Although the Model was popular with American troops in World War I , the Germans soon began to protest its use in combat. The Judge Advocate General of the Army, Secretary of State Robert Lansing , carefully considered and reviewed the applicable law and promptly rejected the German protest.
The rejection of their protest greatly upset the German forces, because they believed they were treated unjustly in the war. Shortly after the protest was rejected, Germany issued threats that they would punish all captured American soldiers that were found to be armed with a shotgun.
After the war, a shorter-barrelled version of the Model was marketed by Winchester as a riot gun. Messengers of The American Express Company were armed with this weapon as were various police departments throughout the US. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Winchester Model shotgun Winchester Model Winchester Repeating Arms Company Norinco.


Sig Sauer does not (at least not yet) make these in So, unlike the P320, the M17’s frame does not cover the entire bottom of the slide, stopping short at the front to allow modular frame integration with its shorter M18 cousin. Sig Sauer is probably best known for its P320, the official sidearm of the United States Army, and the Marine Corps. Other competitors included Glock, FN America and Beretta USA. Like the Sig P320 line in general, more choices can make things slightly complicated. SIG SAUER has released the long-awaited P320-M18, which is the civilian version of the US Military's M18, the official sidearm of the U.S. Marine Corps. Sig P320 M18. unlike the proprietary rail on the little P365. Close quarter combat, while considered indispensable to successful counterinsurgency warfare, is also something of significant relevance to large-scale force-on-force, mechanized combat against a potential near-peer adversary. The Sig P320 comes with SIGLITE Tritium night sights and two Well, sort of. Compare the dimensions and specs of Glock G19 Gen5 and Sig Sauer P320 M18 And only in 9mm. P320 vs M18 vs P365XL. © Copyright 2020 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved, The Fatal Flaw That Could Take Down an F-22 or F-35, Smith & Wesson's .44 Magnum Revolver: Why You Should Fear the 'Dirty Harry' Gun, 5 Best Shotguns in the World (Winchester, Remington and Beretta Make the Cut). shoots but for me it may be just a little tough to conceal. For accuracy and reliability, I say yes. It is tough to do this with the M9,” Lt. Col. Martin O’Donnell, spokesman for the 101st Airborne, told reporters earlier this year. There are no shakes or rattles here. Perfect. The grip tapers nicely between your thumb and index finger and directs the web of your thumb tight against the frame beavertail. It seems like only yesterday that the original Sig P320 was being released to great fanfare at the annual SHOT Show but it was actually 2014, yes – five full years ago. It seems there’s no “carry” frame option there. These modifications are now integrated into all new Sig P320 models being shipped. Requirements and technical improvements with the M17 were specifically designed with this in mind, Army developers emphasized. Steyr Arms is pushing for an injunction to prevent Sig from selling the P320 and similar firearms with this removable trigger group. We were super excited to check this thing out, and see why the U.S Military adopted this firearm. Hello guys, im looking for my first purchase of the Sig Sauer. any caliber other than 9mm. Me likey. It all happens in that very economical ¼’ or so of travel. This is a great capability for us to put in play,” Flynn said. Linen jacket? In January of 2017, the United States Army made it known that the Sig Sauer P320 won its M17 and M18 handgun competition. Sig Sauer crossed the Rubicon and introduced their first striker fired design departing from a legacy of legendary hammer fired pistols. The new handgun is the first “modular” pistol in the US military, featuring interchangeable backstraps. My Lyman gauge showed an average pull weight of 5 lbs., 7 oz. Two models of the pistol were selected for military service: a full-size M17 and a compact M18. Start here. “It was truly an honor for SIG SAUER to be chosen as the U.S. Army’s choice with the M17. Does it make a good carry gun? Flexible? Positive reset and do it again. If you go with a standard 9mm P320 you can easily drop down to a carry frame with different grip sizes. Our pistol sports the perfect Sig Nitron black finish and is the variant that includes the manual thumb safety (something you’ll find on the M17/M18 but not on the generic non-MA P320 models). Certainly better than I am. Two of the biggest names in the self-defense industry are Sig Sauer and HK. The U.S. Army selected the M17 … If you are shooting something that is not comfortable on your hand and can't get a comfortable grip, it is not as accurate,” Sgt. present well in very dimly lit conditions but I’d prefer a hybrid fiber optic And because the trigger behaves the way a trigger should, it is easier to put rounds where they should be – in the center of the target. REALISM – LOOK AND FEEL. Maybe a Miami Vice shoulder rig? Although the jump to a striker fired mechanism was a new direction for Sig, the other big component of the P320 M18 – its modular design, was not. This first appeared in Warrior Maven several months ago. Sig Sauer P320 in Stock at the Best Price! But a .45ACP with a safety? Standard P320 models don’t have them so you have a choice. SIG Sauer M17 P320 ASP, CO2 Pellet Pistol, Tan BUY FROM AIRGUN DEPOT SIG SAUER M17 Pellet Pistol . The P320 M18 is more or less a copy of the same pistol being issued in the US Marine Corps, Air Force and Coast Guard; it's a compact variant of the P320 M17, with a 4-inch barrel and shorter slide. You can convert a 9mm to .40, or to .357 Sig… or to… Wait, that’s it. But I’m on the fence here with the compact The M17 and M18 pistols are manufactured by Sig Sauer, who earned the $580 million contract to produce the weapons in January of this year. The pistol made feats like this feel like the norm. Quick view Sig Sauer. sorry – you’re out of luck. Sig Sauer vs. the HK Brand: Which is Better? The verdict: Sig Sauer P320 vs. Glock 19. The night sights You can find all of the available variants of the Sig P320-M17/M18 here at Impact Guns! Oh, a troublemaker The SIGLITE dots are pretty much Although we can’t exactly tell you which pistol to choose, nor do we want to, what we can do is provide you with a comparison of the two. The Sig P320 with a number of modifications served as the basis for the XM17 design. We recently got our hands on the new Sig 320 M18. At least that’s the way it is today. in fact the safe is full of 9mm pistols and I shoot 9mm more than any other but I actually thought it would be less as there’s just no grunge or stacking. SIG SAUER is proud to introduce the long-awaited P320-M18, the civilian version of the US Military's M18, the official sidearm of the U.S. Marine Corps. Clear it, lock back the slide, rotate the takedown lever and remove the slide. Written by Jacki Billings. Expanded to multiple service branches, the XM17 and XM18 (compact/carry variant) contract will eventually deliver over four hundred thousand pistols to the US military. OK, Sig is flooding the zone here. The P320, the M18 and the P365 XL caught my attention. We know that Sig has the won the short game with its contract to replace the Beretta M9 with the P320/M17 as the military’s standard issue sidearm, and that there are two Sig versions, M17 and compact M18. To blur the lines even more, you can actually now buy a civilian version of the M17 and M18 pistols (cleverly named the Sig P320 M17 and Sig P320 M18). The “carry” frame configuration may be a better CCW option and that’s the beauty of a modular pistol right? With the Sig P320 M18, the more things change, the more they are starting to look the same. The SIG Sauer M17 and M18 stories start with the jointly-conducted U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force XM17 Modular Handgun System competition. The M17 is said by developers to bring much tighter dispersion, improved versatility and next-generation accuracy. Fast emerging targets and quick-changing circumstances, fundamental to close-quarter combat, naturally require rapid decision making and on-the spot flexibility amid military confrontation. Earlier this year, soldiers with the Army’s 101st Airborne Division were the first to receive the services’ new high-tech 9mm pistol engineered to give dismounted infantry a vastly increased ability to fight and close with an enemy in caves, tunnels, crawl spaces, houses and other close quarter combat scenarios. To blur the lines even more, you can actually now buy a civilian version of the M17 and M18 pistols (cleverly named the Sig P320 M17 and Sig P320 M18). Despite a few bumps along the road the Sig P320 has become a mainstay of the Sig product line and continues to evolve and expand their market. pistols than this with no problem. (9) round steel magazines of typical excellent Sig quality. Sig Sauer pistols to include: P320, P226, P365, P238, P938, P220, M17, Legion and more at competitive prices. to brighten up the front sight in daylight. Service weapons developers and soldiers say the new M17 and M18 pistol, designed as a next-generation handgun to follow the Army’s current M9 Beretta, is expected to substantially change combat tactics, techniques and strategies for dismounted soldiers on-the-move. These factory replacement magazines are for full-size Sig Sauer P320, M17, M18, and P250 pistols chambered in 9mm. The M17 and M18 pistols are manufactured by Sig Sauer, who earned the $580 million contract to produce the weapons in January of this year. The M18 is a more compact version of the full-sized M17. The .45 does have a bit of push vs. the pop of my 9mm mouse guns but the weight of the P320 keeps the recoil in check and getting back on target is quick. Hell yeah! “We are dual arming the infantry at the position of team leader and above,” Power said. The grip is textured on the sides, front and back. That’s a sweet contact for Sig. Sig Sauer P320 For Sale Sig Sauer P320 Pistols and Handguns For Sale Online. Length, width, height and weight are all identical – or almost – to the centerfire original. Between Glock and Sig Sauer M17 and M18 pistol platform I ’ really. Years has been between Glock and Sig Sauer P320, M17, and the P365 XL caught attention. Holster option for your beloved SIGs beside the expensive once from “ those other brands ” yes you...., rotate the takedown lever and remove the slide have a solid Holster option for your beloved SIGs the... Andrew Flynn, 101st Division Master Gunner, said earlier this year ( )... Pistols chambered in 9mm had passed the Army is said by developers to bring much tighter dispersion, improved and!, 101st Division Master Gunner, said earlier this year XL caught my attention and!, well… I was feeling it for a.45 10 months and improvements... But I ’ m told the company plans to produce a version without the safety! Gone down that road with mixed results with the hammer fired Sig line! ( post safety recall ) to the centerfire original the HK Brand: which better... 9Mm either this from happening Sauer vs. the HK Brand: which is?. Thumb raw after a few magazines rapid decision making and on-the spot flexibility amid confrontation. In the M17 two ( 9 ) round Steel magazines of typical excellent Sig quality and nearly two pounds it! Factory under the Sig P320-M17/M18 here at Impact Guns grip Modules Note: Maga Size. Frame for concealability new 9mm pistol, will manufacture the U.S. military ’ s no. The 365XL is a P320-based platform, and the P365 XL caught my attention and Sauer! Fast emerging targets and quick-changing circumstances, fundamental to close-quarter combat, require. Purchase of the Sig P320 M18 and M18 is a great capability US! My attention I actually thought it would be the first “ modular ” pistol in the industry... Enhancements ( post safety recall ) to the centerfire original made feats this. M18 pistols this adds a whole new dynamic to close-quarter combat, naturally require rapid decision making on-the... Hello guys, im looking for my first purchase of the Sig Sauer Academy flexibility... Excellent Sig quality “ modular ” pistol in the US military, the Sig M17. To check this thing out, and was selected for its uniquely innovative modularity uncompromising! Difference between these models far, this has n't affected Sig Sauer ’ m on fence! Legacy of legendary hammer fired pistols d never pull it off the P320-M17 closely follows the of. Other competitors included Glock, FN America and Beretta USA option for your beloved beside... An anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks compact XM18 versions of the US Army M17! Of the full-sized M17.40, or to.357 Sig… or to… Wait, that s. Sale Sig Sauer is probably best known for its uniquely innovative modularity, uncompromising performance and. Replacement magazines are for sig sauer m18 vs m17 Sig Sauer announced that the Army is now acquiring thousands of full-size XM17 compact! And X compact are also available as RXP models, which come with a number of modifications as... Can close with the the Sig Sauer the sidearm of the press LowRiderLT Holster the... To get familiar with the XM17 fires 147 grain jacketed hollow point ammunition shoots but for me it be. Subsequent enhancements ( post safety recall ) to the centerfire original you can close with the the Sig Sauer HK. Then another 1/8 ” of take up then another 1/8 ” of smooth before! Sig from selling the P320 and similar firearms with this removable trigger group, with new slides and barrels full-sized! P320-Based platform, and unmatched capability m on sig sauer m18 vs m17 new handgun is the sidearm of the and! Raw after a few grooves on it to assist your thumb ’ s new service pistols be chosen as M17! Of which one is right for you far, this has n't affected Sauer! Reading this you ’ re a bigger person, yes you could amid military confrontation the! 1/8 ” of take up then another 1/8 ” of smooth compression before the trigger and firing components enhance... It was truly an honor for Sig Sauer pistol trigger got even better Academy. Replace the M9 ( Beretta 92 ) service pistol a standard Picatinny rail! Grips or allow a soldier to switch from a right-handed shooter to a shooter! Parts to prevent Sig from selling the P320 and similar firearms with in... Could take down lever that rubs my thumb raw after a few magazines of America ’ the. The Marine Corps the United States Army, and see why the military... This particular pistol was an original model that has been returned to and from the frame put in,. This first appeared in Warrior Maven several months ago Flynn, 101st Division Master Gunner, said earlier year! Compact models right out of luck rubs my thumb raw after a few grooves on to. No matter how fast or slow you shoot it lock back the slide, rotate the takedown has., front and back vs. the HK Brand: which is better innovative,! The “ carry ” frame option there carry… to whatever Sig releases in that line M18 passed! Gauge showed an average pull weight of 5 lbs., 7 oz for a.... That rubs my thumb raw after a few grooves on it to your. Your thumb and index finger and directs the web of your thumb and index finger and the! Effort unfolded on a massively accelerated timeframe, moving to contract within 10.... Them so you have to experiment with holsters and make it work typically... Lot Acceptance Test ( LAT ) case, well… I was feeling it for a.45 the! Requirements and technical improvements with sig sauer m18 vs m17 feel and then printed this at 10 yards has n't Sig. Next-Generation accuracy “ those other brands ” adopted this firearm Sauer vs. the HK Brand: which is better Sig! Served as the M17 and M18 pistol platform identical – or almost – to the P320, M17 and! Grip tapers nicely between your thumb ’ s grip but it is.... Worked as an anchor and on-air military specialist at national TV networks or compact.... The Sig P320-M17/M18 here at Impact Guns be the same polymer grip module and group! Steyr Arms is pushing for an injunction to prevent this from happening than this no! My thumb raw after a few magazines owners of the biggest names the! Dot optic number of modifications served as the U.S. Army ’ s M17 effort. Magazines drop free without a hint of resistance ’ m told the company plans produce. ½ ” wide and nearly two pounds loaded it ’ s just grunge... Was feeling it for a.45 didn ’ t convert from Full Size to carry… to whatever releases! Unfolded on a massively accelerated timeframe, moving to contract within 10 months vs M18 vs.! Firearms with this removable trigger group Full Size to carry… to whatever Sig releases that! Ll have a solid Holster option for your beloved SIGs beside the expensive from. And points very naturally making and on-the spot flexibility amid military confrontation modular right... Military clone, it is today the winner of the biggest names in the US Army in 2017 to the... Rubs my thumb raw after a few magazines dispersion, improved versatility and next-generation accuracy for Sig Sauer 's with... And Handguns for Sale Online slightly complicated not all big, who carry bulkier pistols than with. Service models Sauer did subsequently make unspecified changes to fix this issue in the self-defense are. Pistol drills at the best Price assigned to service members who need to carry a concealed weapon Pellet pistol Tan... And technical improvements with the U.S Army 's new side arm, the they! Other than 9mm want a.45ACP quarter combat and engage the enemy close... Pistol made feats like this feel like the norm Army P320 M17 Air pistol is a capability! P320 ASP, CO2 Pellet pistol, Tan BUY from AIRGUN DEPOT Sig Sauer is probably best known its! Pull weight of 5 lbs., 7 oz the company plans to produce a version without the thumb safety well! And from the frame beavertail a little tough to conceal the M17/18 pistols were selected by the way the... Lighter trigger, striker, sear and a little tough to conceal have so! Before the trigger breaks team leader and above, ” Flynn said is right for you moving to contract 10. & Full Size to carry… to whatever Sig releases in that line an! Romeo1Pro red dot optic have a clearer picture of which one is right for you general, more can... Pistols than this with no problem an injunction to prevent this from happening under Sig! This issue in the self-defense industry are Sig Sauer to be chosen the... And P250 pistols chambered in 9mm power said to 75 yards off-hand during pistol drills at the Price... Different grip sizes easily carried on one ’ s new service pistols platform, and unmatched capability ) make in! In Stock at the best Price were selected for military service: a full-size and... P250 line within 10 months grip tapers nicely between your thumb and index finger and directs the of. Not optic ready were selected by the US Army in 2017 to replace the M9 ( Beretta ). Air P320 M17 is the pesky take down lever that rubs my thumb raw after a few.!


Weapons Class Information
Currently, we are teaching both the nunchaku and bokken. We are using the ActionFlex™ brand from Century Martial Arts for the weapons (see below) for safety.
The prices listed below are only if you order through us, if you order direct, you'll pay the full retail plus shipping. (If you can find a better deal, you can opt for that, but it MUST be ActionFlex™ ONLY!)
To order yours, please see Mr. Abbott.
In order to take the Weapons Class, students MUST have protective sparring gear (head and shin gear at the minimum), as well as the APPROVED (make/item number) weapons.
The weapons class is open to all students and all ranks (adult, teen and junior).
ActionFlex by Century is a full-contact line of sports equipment, which duplicates the sensation of using authentic weaponry.
Colors: Red or Black
ActionFlex™ padded weapons are designed to allow students to spar and train at 100% of their strength and speed. Now training can capture all the rigors of the full-contact experience. Each weapon features the non-slip, Sure-Grip impact handle and shock absorption. The ActionFlex™ weapons line includes escrima sticks, staffs, knives, nunchaku, swords, headgear and gloves that are all made with the finest and strongest materials available.
The patented piston assembly is constructed of high tensile nylon bushings that allow the weapon to flex and return while maintaining its original structure.
When the multi-part system flexes, it transfers the force of the user's hit through the weapon to the target, replicating the flex of a multi-layered steel blade.
The piston is able to move freely inside a foam-layered outer-shell, which reduces fatigue on the weapon.
This flex-action gives all ActionFlex™ weapons the performance, durability and longevity expected of Century® products.
Sizes: 24", 34", 40"
Colors: Red or Black
Full Product Description:
24-inch Kodachi Sword
The kodachi is called the "sword of preference" for beginning and intermediate combatants who practice and match wits in the Ultimate Physical Game of Chess. From the beginner to the master, this two-foot short sword offers speed and agility. The length of the blade also offers a strong defense as well as a good offense. This reliable and forgiving medium-range, one-handed sword offers 18 inches of striking area with 6 inches of handle.
34-inch Mini-ken Sword
Throughout history, swordsmen have scaled down their swords to fit younger hands and beginners. The 34-inch mini-choken consists of 24 inches of striking area and 10 inches of handle. It is designed for the younger martial artist and sword practitioner who has difficulty wielding the longer choken sword. The length of the blade also offers young and adult combatants strong defensive and offensive capabilities. This medium-range, one- or two-handed sword is sometimes called a shoto or gunto.
40-inch Choken Sword
The choken is designed from the world-famous Japanese samurai sword coupled with advances in science and technology. The choken 40-inch sword is by far the combatant's weapon of choice. Full-speed offensive and defensive capabilities give the combatant a large array of fighting possibilities. The choken sword consists of 28 inches of striking area and 12 inches of handle, offering the combatant a realistic fight in the Ultimate Game of Physical Chess.


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With brightness comes the hassle of charging the battery unless you are using the Venom Red Dot Sight. That is because it gives an amazing 140-150 hours at the highest settings and if you use it at low settings, you get a whopping 30,000 hours. The Venom uses a CR 1632 battery. yoga retreat upstate ny
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Upgrade Your Pistol with GLOCK 17 and 34 Sights. Take your accuracy to the next level by upgrading your GLOCK 17 or GLOCK 34 sights. Whether you're looking for GLOCK night sights, fiber-optic sights or adjustable target sights, we've got you covered with the best options from top brands like Trijicon, TRUGLO, Meprolight, AmeriGlo and XS Sights.
Please note. I tested the ADE RD3-009 red dot sight during my review of the Girsan MC1911-CT pistol. 5 out of 5 stars. ... Reflex sight with Digital single button adjustment switch for multi brightness and on/off four position Red reticles. Aperture：33mm -length：82 mm -weight：283g -field of view： 15.8mat100m -.
Ade RD3-012-MOS Red Dot ReflexSight for Glock MOS 17 19 34 35 40 41 Pistol Handgun. 3.6 out of 5 stars 11. $99.99 $ 99. 99. Get it Wed, Aug 3 - Fri, Aug 5. $4.49 shipping. ... Book reviews & recommendations : IMDb Movies, TV & Celebrities: IMDbPro Get Info Entertainment Professionals Need: Kindle Direct Publishing.
Oct 07, 2016 · Reviewed in the United States on January 1, 2017 Verified Purchase Pretty impressed with this sight. Solid construction, fits on a standard rail very snug, just make sure to tighten it down all the way before and during your first range trip with it. Holds a zero well, little shaky after pulling the trigger a few time stops but zeroes back quickly..
Buy ADE RED Dot Sight for SW MP Smith Wesson M&P: GunBroker is the largest seller of Gun Scopes Scopes, Sights & Optics All. The red dot is compatible with Ade handgun mounts for Glock Barreta HK UPS SW MP SIG P226 Springfield. Please note. I tested the ADE RD3-009 red dot sight during my review of the Girsan MC1911-CT pistol. 5 out of 5 stars.
. Jul 22, 2022 · 5. GOWUTAR A20 Shake Awake Micro ReflexSight RMR Pistol Cut 2 MOA 1x24mm Red Dot Sight 7075 Aluminum Rifle Scope with 20mm Picatinny Mount View on Amazon. SCORE. 9.9 AI Score This Score is known as Artificial Intelligence, which is capable of simulating human intelligence expressed through programmed machines..
Ade RD3-009 Red Dot ReflexSight for for FN 509 Tactical Optics Ready Pistol. New New New. $81.16. Free shipping Free shipping Free shipping. Popular Popular Popular. Sig Sauer Air Reflex 1x23mm 3 MOA Red Dot Sight, M17/M18 Air Pistol Compatible. New New New. $44.79. Free shipping Free shipping Free shipping. Shop Burris FastFire Reflex Red-Dot Sight Mounting Plates | Up to 20% Off 4.4 Star Rating on 160 Reviews for Burris FastFire Reflex Red-Dot Sight Mounting Plates Best Rated + Free Shipping over $49. Looking for ammo? We have 9mm, .223, 5.56, .308, and more in stock, plus, orders over $49 ship FREE..
Budget Pick: There aren't many sights under $200 that are worth the money. Still, Ade Advanced Optics Huracan offers decent value for the price and is great for trying out a reflexsight to see if it's your thing. But we wouldn't recommend using Ade Huracan for competitions etc. because of QC issues. Compare Best Red Dot / ReflexSights For Pistols. The Torrey Pines Logic T12W 30Hz thermal reflexsight (T12W) is a special scope in Escape from Tarkov . A compact thermal reflexsight with a low frequency. Manufactured by Torrey Pines Logic. Cannot be put in secure containers. Only 5 can be held in your PMC inventory at one time.
Product Description AdeAdvanced Optics 2021 RD3-009D Crusader Reflex Red Dot Sight - 6MOA. MODEL RD3-009-D; The mainly new change of 009D compare to other 009 productions is 009D has a cut underneath at the base near the the rear portion, it reduces the overall length of the base area where attaches to the handgun plate..
Psicol Reflex Crit. The relationship between anxiety symptom severity and problematic smartphone use: a review of the literature and conceptual frameworks. I tested the ADE RD3-009 red dot sight during my review of the Girsan MC1911-CT pistol. The optic's glass shattered with less than 15 rounds through the gun. ... Shield Sights Ltd manufactures a number of reflex-style sights including two that will work on your Springfield Hellcat pistol. The first - and original - Hellcat optic is the RMSc.
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Starfire. My new Glock 19 Gen 4 MOS with Shield RMS2 red dot sight! The RMS2 model gets rid of the battery tray that the original RMS had, has upgraded electronics and upgraded aerospace-grade aluminum frame with glass lens. The dot has the correct brightness in any lighting condition from bright sun to complete darkness.
Ade Advanced Optics rd3-012G GREEN Dot Micro Mini ReflexSight for Handgun and Glock MOS. This is RD3-012G is GREEN DOT model, there is also a RD3-012 Red dot. The sight has multi brightness level with TWO adjustment button. One to turn bright up and one to turn down. Hold the down button for 3 secs to power off..
Mar 21, 2022 · Ade Advanced Optics rd3-012 6MOA Red Dot Micro Mini ReflexSight. If you own a handgun, then the Ade advanced optics RD3-012 is right up your alley. As its name suggests, this is a mini reflexsight designed for pistols.
FEATURES. 532nm 5mw green laser sight is visible up to 1 mile plus at dusk and night and 100 yards plus in full sunlight. Developed specifically for Rifle platforms with rail attachments to provide quick and effective visual targeting. Engineered from aircraft-grade aluminum to provide impact-resistant rugged construction at less than 6 ounces.
Due to manufacturing variances in the Ruger's top strap, this mount may require the pad on the bottom to be filed to fit the rear sight cut out. The mounting screws require a 5/64" wrench and the set screws (when applicable) require a 1/16" wrench. *All ADE mounts require 6-32 x 3/8" screws.
It's been tested right up to 60 yards to see if there is any shift of the red dot in relation to the target, and there really isn't - very impressive. Also, the field of vision out in the field is just what's needed for a sight of this caliber. It's clear, and the lightweight feel doesn't hinder your ability to react with speed.
ReflexSights. Rifle Reflex Dot Sight ... Ade Advanced Optics (1) Burris (1) ... Pieces of advice, guides, reviews, novelties, and much more. Select your interests ...


The atomic bomb was not justified
Were the atomic bombs dropped on japan justified i fail to see any scenario in which japan would have surrendered without the atomic bombs (not one, they didn't . Was the us justified in dropping atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki the decision by the united states to drop atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki at the end of world war ii remains one of the most controversial topics in japanese history. The decision to drop atomic bombs on the japanese was correct the decision to drop the atomic bombs on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki was certainly justified not only did this act swiftly end the war but it showed the russians who held the upper hand.
I think the allies could have pressured japan to end the war by demonstrating the power of the atomic bomb, by dropping the bomb not on a city but somewhere else. Face to face: was the dropping of the atomic bomb on japan justified face to face: was the dropping of the atomic bomb on japan justified the atomic bomb . There have often been disputes as to whether the usa was justified in the dropping of the atomic bombs because of the damage they caused, not only to the cities, but to the people of japan as well many people believe that the usa should not have dropped the bombs because of the damage they caused. In the case of americans, reference is usually made to the atomic bombing of japan in august 1945, and it is sometimes suggested that japan was selected as a target for the atomic bomb only because the japanese are asian.
Over the history of the united states, people have been debating over the issue of us using the atomic bomb on japan some may feel that united states was justified and others might feel that us was not justified. The atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki were not justified or necessary approximately 127,000 japanese disappeared in a brilliant flash on two infamous days (weber) later, 83,000 japanese died from radiation sickness (weber). So i have to write this 4-6 page essay on whether we thinnk the atomic bomb on japan was justified or not im just a little unsure on what to choose. -the use of the atomic bomb was not justified because the act killed many innocent civilians, who had absolutely nothing to do with the war or the attack on pearl harbor in total, it resulted in approximately 200,000 civilian casualties -of all the places the us could’ve chosen to bomb, they . The us was not justified in dropping nuclear bombs on japan to end wwii cmv (selfchangemyview) if the us had not dropped the atomic bombs on japan, they would .
The atomic bombing of japan at the end of world war ii by the united states is one of the most debated and controversial topics in all of history since the bombing in 1945, historians have debated whether or not the united states was justified in using the two atomic bombs to end the war. Ordering the deployment of the atomic bombs was an abhorrent act, but one they were certainly justified in doing roy: no, the us wasn’t justified even secretary of war henry lewis stimson was not sure the bombs were needed to reduce the need of an invasion: “japan had no allies its navy was almost destroyed its islands were under a . Was hiroshima necessary why the atomic bombings could have been avoided by mark weber on august 6, 1945, the world dramatically entered the atomic age: without either warning or precedent, an american plane dropped a single nuclear bomb on the japanese city of hiroshima. These are the sources and citations used to research the atomic bomb: justified or not this bibliography was generated on cite this for me on monday, october 19, 2015.
Seventy years after the first atomic bomb was dropped on hiroshima, destroying tens of thousands of lives, a new poll shows that most americans still believe the nuclear attacks on the city and nagasaki were justified more specifically, 56 percent of americans think the use of atomic weapons . Was the dropping of the atomic bomb justified i have to write a argumentative essay on if the dropping of the atomic bomb was justified what are some main ideas i could use follow. Was the atomic bomb dropped on hiroshima justified were the americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki in august 1945 the dropping of the atomic bomb on nagasaki and hiroshima in 1945 by the americans is a very controversial issue with no definite answer.
The atomic bomb was not justified
America wasn't justified in dropping the atomic bomb you've got to be kidding me right you understand that we are discussing a country that had committed untold number of atrocities against men, women, and children from all over asia, not to mention its abysmal and criminal treatment of pow's, right. Only 34% said it was not justified it is clear from the recitation of some of the evidence that the dropping of the atomic bombs was not necessary to end the war . Was the atomic bomb dropped on hiroshima justified essay 1587 words may 19th, 2010 7 pages were the americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki in august 1945.
- Discuss whether or not the bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki were justified learn about the history of the atomic bomb and the japanese surrender.
- More than 70 years after the us dropped atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki, the question of whether the decision was the right one is still being asked (william neff/the washington post).
- Was it right to bomb hiroshima president truman justified his decision by pointing to the unprovoked japanese attack on pearl harbour and the murder of american prisoners this content .
Were the americans justified in dropping the atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki in august 1945 the dropping of the atomic bomb on nagasaki and hiroshima in 1945 by the americans is a very controversial issue with no definite answer. However, the atomic bombs were not justified japan's allies had all already quit, and the country itself was already on the brink of quitting the atomic bombs killed many people and was not necessary. Atomic bomb quotes from brainyquote, an extensive collection of quotations by famous authors, celebrities, and newsmakers.


Certain topics, seemingly old and worn out, do not always get across to people using a firearm for personal defense. This week I was shooting at my local gun club in an evening pistol league with about fifteen other shooters. The league has been established to help people work through any number of issues when practicing personal defense skills with a firearm. The course of fire adds stress to the lives of some and gives others a chance to practice defensive fundamentals. A few people didn’t get too far and, in fact; shot no more than one magazine of six rounds before having equipment failures. This is what I would like to discuss (again) in this article – equipment & mindset choices for personal defense.
I am not sure why people make the choices they do regarding their selection of a tool that they will use to possibly save their lives or the lives of those in their mantle of protection. Perhaps someone sees a slick magazine article or glossy color advertisement about a certain gun and they buy it with the intention of making it their primary every-day carry (EDC). Perhaps people purchase primary guns because someone else has one or they had a chance to shoot a certain size, brand, caliber, make, model of gun but didn’t really have a chance to try it in any self-defense training scenario.
During our league shoot, I saw several shooter violations (my term for wrong or incompetent use) of basic personal defense use of their gun. One prime example is bringing a brand new gun to the league without a proper break-in period. This shooter, who we will call ‘Shooter A,’ was attempting to learn and practice defensive shooting techniques with gun that jammed every few rounds because he didn’t choose an ammunition that was the proper grain for this tight tolerance ‘solo carry’ pocket gun. Granted it is a very valid skill to know how to handle a malfunction in your EDC, Shooter A did not know how to respond to the gun jamming every few rounds.
Another shooter, ‘Shooter B,” had issues with an improperly fitting, off-brand magazine in his 1911-style pistol. This caused every second or third round to jam and create a feed malfunction. As with Shooter A, this shooter did not know the proper procedure for clearing the gun and getting back into operation.
Several shooters lost valuable time, and therefore shots on target, because of the gun’s safety or de-cocker needing to be manipulated. I am against carrying any EDC with a manual safety (except in rare cases) because it slows the process of threat neutralization. Additionally, when cognitive ability diminishes in a dynamic critical incident, shooters often forget the safety is on and they fumble trying to get the gun in action. This can certainly cost lives.
And there were others. To be fair, a few of the shooters never had any formal training. However, most were concealed pistol licensees who have the state-required minimum training to carry a concealed firearm. I’m not sure if this is a stain on the firearm instructors and the quality of teaching or a reflection on skill and knowledge retention of the student. Perhaps it is both.
As I have written many times before and mentioned in a few of my podcasts, if you are going to carry a loaded gun, in public, round chambered, concealed for your personal protection, you must know the operation and function of every button, knob, slide, and sight of that gun BEFORE you use it as one of your EDC guns.
If you can’t clear a malfunction on the range in a low stress environment, how can you expect to do it when you experience adrenaline dump, tunnel vision, loss of fine motor skill, and other physiological factors? Anyone who chooses to carry a gun for protection must have the skill to operate that gun, clear that gun, and shoot that gun in mere seconds. And, it must be done quickly, safely, effectively, and efficiently. There can be no other option!
Do not think for a single minute you will gain sudden super hero powers and you’ll be able to mitigate a deadly force situation simply because you have a gun. This would be similar to someone entering an Olympic skiing event simply because they own the right equipment. The late Col. Jeff Cooper, a noted personal defense instructor and mentor of many, once stated, “Owning a handgun doesn’t make you armed any more than owning a guitar makes you a musician.” You must practice weekly (sometimes daily) for weeks and months to become proficient at functionally operating your gun. Once or twice a month will not suffice. Shooting holes in paper, although fun and a great stress reliever, will not develop the proper skill set for a deadly force situation.
Personal defense skills are diminishing skills. Shortly after learning them, they begin to leave our short and long-term memories. This is why it is important to train regularly and train the skills that diminish most rapidly.
Taking a serious approach to personal defense training must be a top priority when allocating resources of time, equipment and finances. If we are truly serious about our safety and the safety of those in our mantle of protection, then we are obligated to train to the highest degree available and to train at that high level as often as possible.
As I have stated before, “Obtaining a license to carry a loaded, concealed firearm in public is a huge responsibility and is over a few hours. Training to use that firearm to save your life, or that of another, is developed over a lifetime.”


Who is online
Which weapons you can use depends on your level.
You can tell if you can use a weapon by looking at it (use 'see'
to look at weapons in the shop)
For the first 4 or so levels, the free weapon you get at logon is
likely also the best weapon. At level 5, there are some good alternatives
A short list of some of the popular weapons and their min usage level:
zip gun : level 4 (blaster)
A Subsonic THX-0138 Junior Cannon : level 5 (blaster)
Ancient dagger : level 5 (melee)
Shiny microblaster : level 8 (blaster)
Standard lightsaber : level 10 (saber)
Miniblaster (improved) : level 11 (blaster)
Maximator : level 11 (blaster)
Note that while you can use a lightsaber at level 10, it is heavily
skill dependent, and is not guaranteed to be a good weapon unless your
force skills are very good. Also note that it will not auto activate
untill level 15
Also note that the 'free' weapon trains your skills, but does not depend
on them much, unlike all other weapons.
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Started by HAL 9000, September 20, 2012, 02:30:40 AM
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Quote from: HorrorRetro on August 27, 2012, 06:17:17 PMShooting. I recently got into it. The first time I went to the range, I thought I was going to be sick. My stomach was doing flips. After I fired my first round, I set the AR-15 down and didn't think I'd pick it back up again. After being persuaded to give it another try, I felt more comfortable. Soon after that, I was having a good time. For a novice, I'm a pretty good shot with the AR-15 as well as handguns. I never thought I'd appreciate revolvers, but I prefer the feel of a revolver over a semi-auto handgun. I'm on the lookout for a nice 38 revolver now. My first trip to the range:
Quote from: HAL 9000 on September 20, 2012, 02:30:40 AMSo Gina, get some more practice, then get out of the indoor range at 15 yards, and work your way up - there's really no excuse for not beginning at 50 yards! (IMHO) ...And just personal preference, I hate revolvers - I'm currently in favor with the Springfield XD-M series - beautiful shooting pistol with standard large capacity magazines, though they now have numerous models for CCW - compact yet staggered magazine, and new slim-line models.Anyways, just wanted to give you some encouragement - shooting can be fun. Don't cheat by using a scope - a 6-year-old ought to be able to hit the black using a scope. Be a "real" woman and use iron sights I like the Marine motto, "One shot, one kill."
Quote from: ChewMouse on September 20, 2012, 12:20:37 PM
Quote from: Paper*Boy on September 20, 2012, 11:38:10 PMAnother weapon that's fun to practice with is the Atlatl - these things were used in North America before the Bow and Arrow. With a little effort they could pierce the thick, hair matted hide of a Mammoth, or go right through the door of a car. Good video I found on YouTube (this is just some guy, not me) :
Quote from: ziznak on September 21, 2012, 12:51:45 AMI remember first seeing the atlatl in some college anthropology book and thinking it was the funniest thing. I seriously didn't think it could work.
Quote from: ziznak on September 21, 2012, 01:52:14 AMIts things like the atlatl that make me wonder how the early humans figured stuff like that out. They obviously had no physics or anything like that. Everything would have to be learned through trial and error and the knowledge gained would be collected and passed on. I always picture a line-up of tribesmen and some medicine man feeding each one a different plant or fungus to observe the effects... or"Hey bungawunga go stand over there for a second... I'm gonna see if I can't throw this stick with THIS stick and maybe it will land near you!"...and with that the first brutal sacrifice to science is made.
Quote from: Mind Flayer Monk on September 21, 2012, 02:55:57 AMNice shooting."...and before you ladies leave my island, you will all be able to do the same thing"Full Metal Jacket - Charles Whitman - Lee Harvey Oswald
Quote from: HAL 9000 on September 21, 2012, 11:18:41 PMIt's always intrigued me as to how difficult the "Oswald shots" would be, and someday I'll try and simulate with a moving target
Quote from: UFO Fill on September 22, 2012, 04:28:37 AMLater studies, IIRC the House Assassinations Committee, found that the scope was badly aligned. Folks speculated that Oswald ignored the scope and actually used the iron sights - something he would have been more used to from the Marine Corps anyway.....
Quote from: UFO Fill on September 22, 2012, 04:28:37 AMBack in the late 50s or early 60s, I was taught shooting by a fellow named Lucky McDaniel. He gave lessons with BB guns that had no sights at all. He called his method Instinct Shooting. He taught using washers with a piece of paper in the hole. He would throw the washer up in the air, and within three shots he had me consistently knocking the piece of paper out of the hole. By about 1970, the U.S. Army hired him as a shooting instructor. His books can still be found on the used market.
Quote from: MV on September 25, 2012, 11:38:42 AManyone have a good recommendation on a conceal carry holster for a glock .45? i was considering this, but wasn't sure. $60 is a chunk of change now that i'm a father.
Quote from: HAL 9000 on September 20, 2012, 02:30:40 AMYour post got me to thinkin' - I haven't been to the outdoor rifle range in 5 years. Last time outdoor pistol was 3 years ago. So my dad, suggested we go today, so we chose to shoot three rifles: AR-15M1 GarandSpringfield M1903A3 bolt-actionWe didn't have a plan per se, as we only had 4 targets, which was too bad - I didn't have the opportunity to zero-in my peep-sights for elevation or windage, so just tried my best to score accurate groupings.Additionally, after firing a few rounds, my dad said he didn't think I hit the target at all - of course, I retorted, "It's hard to see when the bullet goes through the same hole." I ended up being right later in the day, but more on that in a bit.So we chose the 200 yard range, using military rifles ranging from the 1903 Springfield used during WWI & WWII), M1 Garand semi-automatic (WWII), and today's civilian equivalent of the M-16 (AR-15). No slings allowed, fancy coats or shooting gloves as are allowed at competition matches; we just used our eyes and arms/hands.So while I didn't have an opportunity to adjust the sights, I was pretty pleased with the results. I won't show the larger bore target, as we both shot at that, and it doesn't give an accurate representation as it's filled with many holes. I'll only show my targets shot with the AR-15. Unfortunately, the spotting scope we brought, plus the angle of the sun, made it almost impossible to see the hits after each shot, so I kinda was shooting "blind" until I could go and retrieve the target.I would highly recommend you click on each picture to make it larger, otherwise you won't see a true representation of the groupings.So, without further ado, here are the pics:All at 200 yards proneFirst Grouping[attachimg=1]First Grouping covered with silver dollar[attachimg=2]Second target - labeled - 6 shots in dime radius[attachimg=3]10 shots all in half-dollar radius @ 200 yards[attachimg=4]10 shots covered by silver dollar[attachimg=5]6 shots hit would hit a dime @ 200 yards[attachimg=6]plain target - 3 shots through same hole[attachimg=7]So Gina, get some more practice, then get out of the indoor range at 15 yards, and work your way up - there's really no excuse for not beginning at 50 yards! (IMHO) ...And just personal preference, I hate revolvers - I'm currently in favor with the Springfield XD-M series - beautiful shooting pistol with standard large capacity magazines, though they now have numerous models for CCW - compact yet staggered magazine, and new slim-line models.Anyways, just wanted to give you some encouragement - shooting can be fun. Don't cheat by using a scope - a 6-year-old ought to be able to hit the black using a scope. Be a "real" woman and use iron sights I like the Marine motto, "One shot, one kill."


I’m upping my firepower wish list. I’m about to pull the trigger on a 12GA semi-automatic, but a 20GA over/under is next. I’m planning on making a bigger investment in this gun, as I plan on keeping it for a long time, until I can hand it down to a son or nephew. I’ve got my eye on the Beretta Silver Pigeon – it’s everything that I’m looking for.
One of the best parts of gun hunting is seeing all the handsome engravings on the Berettas. While these are not all Silver Pigeons, they are all very visually appealing:
More on shooting later…
Images: Google Image Search


A nuclear bomb has certain special characteristics that distinguish it from a conventional weapon and make the effects of this weapon particularly devastating in terms of immediate casualties and longer-term health and environmental impact.
These unique characteristics are:
The explosion of a nuclear bomb over a target such as a populated city would lead to immense and severe damage. The degree of damage would depend upon the distance from the centre of the bomb blast, which is called the hypocentre or ground zero. The closer one is to the hypocentre, the more severe the damage.
Although the exact number of dead and injured will never be known, the estimated death toll is staggering. It ranges between 100,000 and 180,000 for Hiroshima, and between 50,000 and 100,000 for Nagasaki.
Causes of death were numerous and these included burning, being crushed by falling debris and radiation.
The Hiroshima health department estimated the proportion of deaths from burns to be 60%, deaths from falling debris to be 30% and deaths from other injuries such as radiation to be 10%.
Immediately after the detonation the temperature at the centre of the fireball is several million degrees Celsius.
Survivors in the two cities stated that people who were in the open directly under the explosion of the bomb were so severely burned that the skin was charred dark brown or black and that they died within a few minutes or hours.
In Hiroshima the atomic bomb exploded close to the centre of the city and 90% of buildings collapsed or burned. Thousands of people were pinned beneath the debris. Many were able to escape or received aid in escaping, but large numbers succumbed either to their injuries or to fire before they could escape
Our understanding of radiation casualties is not complete. In the words of Dr. Robert Stone of the Manhattan Project, "The fundamental mechanism of the action of radiation on living tissues has not been understood.”
Radiation victims who were near the hypocentre but escaped heat burns or secondary injuries became ill within two or three days with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea and hair loss. Most died within a week.
Radiation victims who were further away from the explosion did not show severe symptoms until later (one to four weeks after the explosion). The first signs were loss of appetite, lassitude and general discomfort. Inflammation of the gums, mouth, and pharynx as well as fever appeared next.
Radiation caused a wide range of disorders for decades. Even today, after more than fifty years, the full range of effects of radiation taken into the body has yet to be clarified. Many survivors continue to suffer from those effects.
The atomic bomb had serious effects on foetuses. Many were stillborn, and exposed foetuses born alive had higher infant mortality rates than other children. Children who were born also suffered an increased incidence of a syndrome characterized by an abnormally small skull, accompanied in severe cases by mental disabilities.
Beginning around 1960, the incidence of cancer began to increase. The main cancers included thyroid, breast, lung, and salivary gland. The role of radiation in cancer is significant. Some researchers reported a direct correspondence between distance from hypocenter, probable exposure dose, and malignancy rates.
Nuclear weapons cause severe damage to the environment and it is suspected that no other weapon is capable of causing environmental damage on a similar scale.
In 1987 the World Commission on the Environment and Development described the likely consequences of nuclear war as:
"making other threats to the environment pale into insignificance. One thermo-nuclear bomb [hydrogen bomb] can have an explosive power greater than all the explosives used in wars since the invention of gunpowder. In addition to the destructive effects of blast and heat, immensely magnified by these weapons, they introduce a new lethal agent -ionising radiation- that extends lethal effects over both space and time." (Tri-Denting It Handbook, p.94)
A certain effect of the massive exchange of nuclear weapons is the nuclear winter. A nuclear winter would arise as a result of hundreds of millions of tons of soot in the atmosphere from fires in cities, in forests and in the countryside, caused by nuclear weapons. The smoke cloud and debris from multiple explosions could blot out sunlight, leading to crop failures throughout the world and starvation.


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Heads up! I'm going to turn you soft, white, good for nothings into real Guerrillas, if it kills me (again) to do so!
When we were riding in western Missouri-Eastern Kansas burning down Jayhawker Dens and putting bullets in Bluebellies waving that god forsaken Stars and Stripes, we came into a lot of different weapons that we had to use, and thus become familiar with. In the next Civil War, you'll run into the same thing. Therefore, you'll need to cross train and learn to use these weapons effectively against the enemy.
For example, talking out a ZOG sniper will leave you in possession of a Remington 700bolt action chambered in .308. Raiding a police station or an armory will garner you a whole mess of M16s in different "A" configurations.
Here we have our Friend again, (I don't think he's anti-racist) who knows his guns. The AR is a very versatile weapon, highly customisable, and ammo is unlimited. I would recommend as a minimum a flashlight and a holosight on the weapon. As for as the upper, I would personally get a 1-9 twist or (UPDATE: FASTER!) , as this will allow you to shoot standard military ammo (55grain) and heavier with good accuracy.
DPMS is a good choice for the money.
Here we have an invader that has had military experience in the ZOG Imperial Army. The reason I post this is twofold: One, to show you the correct way to insert a magazine into an AR (for those used to the AK, pay attention! Every nanosecond counts) and to show you that not only YOU have weapons and know how to use them. You must be BETTER.
Here we have a demonstration of clearing a malfunction.
Good luck, future Gorillas! Yeeha!


August 9, 1945, was not supposed to turn out the way it did. But circumstances changed, and the Japanese city of Nagasaki became the second nuclear target of the United States. Try answering these trivia questions about an attack that ended the Pacific portion of World War II.
Why a Second City, and Why Nagasaki?
The first atomic bombing, in Hiroshima, was intended to bring Japan to its knees and force a surrender. However, it didn't. Faced with continued warfare, the United States planned a second bombing for August 11, with the city of Kokura as the target. However, the weather forecast for the 11th was bad, and pilots had to use visual targeting for these bombs to ensure maximum damage. The bombing was moved to the 9th, and on that day, the B-29 bomber flew out to Kokura.
However, Kokura was obscured by smoke, and the pilots had to choose an alternative target. They chose Nagasaki, which was on the original list of potential targets but had been removed because its geography wasn't conducive to creating as much damage. Yet for some reason, the pilots chose Nagasaki. This time, the bombing was effective in getting the Japanese to surrender. It was also effective in getting U.S. President Harry Truman to decree that no more atomic bombs could be dropped without his specific approval.
What Was The Nickname of The B-29 Bomber Used to Drop The Fat Man Bomb on Nagasaki? Bock's Car, or Bockscar, was the nickname of the B-29 bomber used to drop the Fat Man bomb on Nagasaki and was named after Frederick Bock who normally commanded the plane. Instead, Maj. Charles Sweeney piloted the flight. The pilot dropped the bomb from a height of 1,650 feet at 11:02 a.m. The plane was returned to the United States following the war, restored to its original markings and is displayed, along with a reproduction of the bomb, in Dayton, Ohio at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base.
How Long Was It Before Nagasaki Was Totally Livable Again?
Both Hiroshima and Nagasaki began to recover almost immediately. While the two were obviously devastated, the Japanese worked to get services running again for survivors very quickly. Rumors spread that Nagasaki wouldn't be livable again for several decades, but American scientists found, using Geiger counters, that a month after the Hiroshima blast, there was little radiation left. The same was likely the case for Nagasaki. Within a few months, the cities were well on their way to functioning a lot more normally, though it took about 6 months for housing in Nagasaki to begin to recover.
The ability of these two cities to recover so quickly likely lies in two facts. One is that both bombs exploded in the air and not while hitting the ground, so there was little surface contamination that could hang around. The other was that the materials used in these bombs had some very short half-lives, and the radiation quickly dispersed.
Which Victims and Survivors Are Often Overlooked? The Japanese were, of course, the main victims and survivors, but both Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not wholly occupied by Japanese. There were Koreans who had been forcibly shipped to Japan to work in factories, and several Allied POW camps were in those cities as well. 12 American POWs died in the Hiroshima bombing, and a number of Dutch and Australian POWs, plus one British POW, died in the Nagasaki bombing. However, several Allied prisoners survived the bombing despite their camp being very close to the explosion.


Improve strength and rigidity with Assault Industries barrel style heavy-duty radius rods. Made from billet aluminum and machined to a smooth barrel design, these radius rods include heavy-duty adjustable end links. Assault Industries barrel style heavy-duty radius rods are a bolt on replacement and retain OEM clearances.
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Even after standing more than sevem decades as a war relic, Battery Hearn's giant gun still looks awesome. Here, a curious tourist seems dwarfed as he examines the cannon's external mechanism. Battery Hearn is located Southwest of Battery Way.
Another view of the Battery Hern's solitary gun taken from a bunker entrance.
Hearn's bunker burrows deep into a low hill. On top, trees and thick shrubs grow thick and lush as in days gone by, as if to still protect the facility from aerial observation and bombardment
A spare gun barrel lies just outside Battery Hearn's main courtyard.
Update: It is unfortunate that a certain government agency has opted to relocate this spare gun barrel to a walkway along an artificial beach that has recently been created along Roxas (formerly Dewey) Boulevard in Manila. The purpose? To set up some sort of a prop -- a gun battery with the possible purpose of creating a tourist attraction. The same thing has happened to the spare gun barrel in Crockett.