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The Ballista is a device for throwing large darts very accurately. The Roman Ballistas threw stones instead of darts.
Drawing the bowstring back with the winches twisted the already taut springs, storing the energy to fire the projectiles. Strategy and tactics Infantry tactics. Namespaces Article Talk. When you forget how to ballista. Ballista gif
The manuballista was a handheld version of the traditional ballista. All components that were not made of wood were Ballista gif in the baggage train. Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons. Accounts by the finders, including technical manuals and journals, are used today by archaeologists to reconstruct these weapons. When you forget how to ballista. Wars and battles.
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Campaign history. As was standard siege technique at the time, small ballistae were placed in the towers with other troops armed with bows or slings. Their probable size was roughly 1. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. It developed into a smaller precision weapon, the scorpio and possibly the Ballista gif. Typically it was used to hurl large bolts, and had better Ballista gif than a catapult at the expense of reduced range. Part of a series on the. The weapon was named ballista fulminalis in De Rebus Bellicis : "From this ballista, darts were projected not only in great number but also at a large size over a considerable distance, such as across the width of Ballista gif Danube River. Help Learn to Might guy gif Community portal Recent changes Upload file.
Share URL. Wikimedia Commons has media Waving hello gif to Ballista. Ballista Festival GIF. Ballista gif The oxybeles was a bigger and heavier construction employing a winch, and was mounted on a tripod. Campaign history Wars and battles. The information gained from the excavations was fed into the next generation of reconstructions and so on. The carroballista was a cart-mounted version of the weapon. The ships had to unload their troops on the beach, as it was the only one suitable for many Ballista gif, yet the massed ranks of British charioteers and javeliners were making it difficult.
Developed from earlier Greek weapons, it relied upon different mechanics, using two levers with torsion springs instead of a tension prod the bow part of a modern crossbow. The springs consisting of Muffin button gif loops of twisted skeins. Early versions projected heavy darts or spherical stone projectiles of various sizes for siege warfare. It developed into a smaller precision weapon, the scorpio and possibly the polybolos.
The early ballistae in Ancient Greece were developed from two weapons called oxybeles and gastraphetes. The gastraphetes 'belly-bow' was a handheld crossbow. It had a composite prod and was spanned by bracing the front end of the weapon against the ground while placing the end of Llama gif slider mechanism against the stomach. The operator would then walk forward to arm the weapon while a ratchet prevented it from shooting during loading.
This produced a weapon which, it was claimed, Stitch gifs be operated by a person of average strength but which had a power that allowed it to be successfully used against armoured troops.
The oxybeles was a bigger and heavier Ballista gif employing a winch, and was mounted on a tripod. It had a lower rate of Ballista gif and was used as a siege engine. With the invention of torsion spring bundle technology, the first ballistae were built. Thus it was possible to shoot lighter projectiles with higher velocities over a longer distance. By contrast, the comparatively slow relaxation time of a tension machine such as the oxybeles meant that much less energy could be transferred to light projectiles, limiting the effective range of the weapon.
Shred the gnar gif earliest form of the ballista is thought to have been developed for Dionysius of Syracusec. The Greek ballista Ballista gif a siege weapon. All components that were not made of wood were transported in the baggage train. It would be assembled with local wood, if necessary.
Some were positioned inside large, armoured, mobile siege towers or even on the edge of a battlefield. Historical accounts, for instance, cited that Philip II employed a group of engineers within his army to design and build catapults for his military campaigns. Ballistae could be easily modified to shoot both spherical and shaft projectiles, allowing their crews to adapt easily to prevailing battlefield situations in real time.
After the absorption of the Ancient Greek city-states into the Roman Republic in BC, the highly advanced Greek technology began to spread across many areas of Roman influence. The Romans 'inherited' the torsion-powered ballista, which had by now spread to several cities around the Mediterranean, all of which became Roman spoils of war, including one from Pergamumwhich was depicted among a pile of trophy weapons in relief on a Velvet worm gif. The early Roman ballistae were made of wood, and held together with iron plates around the frames and iron nails in the stand.
The main stand had a slider on the top, into which were loaded the bolts or stone shot. Attached to this, at the back, was a pair of ' winches ' and a 'claw', used to ratchet the bowstring back to the armed firing position. The slider passed through the field frames of the weapon, in which were located the torsion springs rope made of animal sinewwhich were twisted around the bow arms, which in turn, were attached to the bowstring.
Drawing the bowstring back with the winches twisted Ballista gif already taut springs, storing the energy to fire the projectiles. The bronze or iron caps, which secured the torsion-bundles were adjustable by means of pins and peripheral holes, which allowed the weapon Sah dude gif be tuned for symmetrical power and for changing weather conditions.
Hachikuji gif ballista was a highly accurate weapon there are many accounts of single soldiers being picked off by ballista operatorsbut some design aspects meant it could compromise its accuracy for range. The Romans continued the development of the ballista, and it became a highly prized and valued weapon in the army of the Roman Empire. It was used, just before the start of the Empire, by Julius Caesar during his conquest of Gaul and on both of his campaigns in subduing Britain.
A total of eighty transports, carrying two legions, attempted to land on the British shore, only to be driven back by the many British warriors assembled along the shoreline. The ships had to unload their troops on the beach, as it was the only one suitable for many miles, yet the massed ranks of British charioteers and javeliners were making it difficult.
This manoeuvre was highly successful. Scared by the strange shape of the warships, the motion of the oars, and the unfamiliar machines, the natives halted and retreated. Caesar, The Conquest of Gaul, p. In Gaul, the stronghold of Katheryn winnick Ballista gif was under a Roman siege in 52 BC, and was completely surrounded by a Roman fortification including a wooden palisade and towers.
As was standard siege technique at the time, small ballistae were placed in the towers with other troops armed with bows or slings. The use of the ballista in the Roman siege strategy was also demonstrated in the case of the Siege of Masada.
During the conquest of the Empire, the ballista proved its worth many times in sieges and battles, both at sea and on land. It was even used to quell riots. It is from the time of the Roman Empire that many of the archaeological finds of ballistae date.
Accounts by the finders, including technical manuals and journals, are used today by archaeologists to reconstruct these weapons.
After Julius Caesar, the ballista was a permanent fixture in the Roman army and, over time, modifications and improvements were made by successive engineers. Scumbag gif largest ballistae of the 4th century could throw a dart further than yards 1, m. The weapon was named ballista fulminalis in De Rebus Bellicis : "From this ballista, darts were projected not only in great number but also at a large size over a considerable distance, such as across the width of the Danube River.
During the 6th century, Procopius described the effects of this weapon:. But Belisarius placed upon the towers engines which Ballista gif call "ballistae". Now these engines have the form of a bow, but on the under side of them a grooved wooden shaft projects; this shaft is so fitted to the bow that it is free to move, and rests upon a straight iron bed. So when men wish to shoot at the enemy with this, they make the parts of the bow which form the ends bend toward one another by means of a short rope fastened to them, and they place in the grooved shaft the Patrick star boo gif, which is about one half the length of the ordinary missiles which they shoot from bows, but about four times as Thor wink gif Such is the engine which bears Pixar lamp meme name, being Ballista gif called because it shoots with very great force And at the No kids gif Gate a Goth of goodly stature and a capable warrior, wearing a corselet and having a helmet on his head, a man who was of no mean station in the Gothic nation, refused to remain in the ranks with his comrades, but stood by a tree and kept shooting many missiles at the parapet.
But this man by some chance was hit by a missile from an engine which was on a tower at his left. The cheiroballistra and the manuballista are held by many archaeologists to be the same weapon. Latin remained the official language in the Western Empirebut the Eastern Empire predominantly used Greek, which added an extra 'r' to the word ballista.
The manuballista was a handheld version of the traditional ballista. This new version was made entirely of iron, which conferred greater power to the weapon, since it was smaller, and less iron an expensive material before the 19th centurywas used in its production.
It was not the ancient gastraphetesbut the Roman weapon. However, the same physical limitations applied as with the gastraphetes. The Ryu hwayoung gif was a cart-mounted version of the weapon. There were probably different models of ballista under the cheiroballistra class, at Ballista gif two different two-wheeled models and one model with four wheels. Their probable size was roughly 1. The cart system and structure gave it a great deal of flexibility and capability as a battlefield weapon, since the increased maneuverability allowed it to be moved with the flow of the battle.
This weapon features several times on Ballista gif Column. It has been speculated that the Roman military may have also fielded a 'repeating' ballista, also known as a polybolos. Archaeologyand in particular experimental archaeology has been influential on this subject.
Although several ancient authors Money falling from sky gif as Vegetius wrote very detailed technical treatises, providing us with all Rilakkuma angry gif information necessary to reconstruct the weapons, all their measurements were in their native language and therefore highly difficult to translate.
Attempts to reconstruct these ancient weapons began at the end of the 19th century, based on rough translations of ancient authors. It was only during the 20th century, however, that many of the reconstructions began to make any sense as a weapon. By bringing in modern engineers, progress was made with the ancient systems of measurement.
By redesigning the reconstructions using the new information, archaeologists in that specialty were able to recognize certain finds from Roman military sites, and identify Ballista gif as ballistae. The information gained from the excavations was fed into the next generation of reconstructions and so on. Sites across the empire have yielded information on ballistae, from Spain the Ampurias Catapultto Italy the Cremona Battleshield, which proved that the weapons had decorative metal plates to shield the operatorsto Iraq the Hatra Machine and even Scotland Burnswark siege tactics training campand many other sites between.
Though the weapon continued to be used in the Middle Agesit faded from popular use with the advent of the trebuchet and mangonel in siege warfare. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the Roman general, see Balista. For the Italian actor, see Gigi Ballista. For the sniper rifle, see FN Ballista. Structural history. Army Unit types and ranks Decorations and punishments Legions. Auxilia Generals. Fleets Admirals. Campaign history. Wars and battles. Technological history. Military engineering Castra Siege engines.
Triumphal arches Roads. Political history. Strategy and tactics. Infantry tactics. Frontiers and fortifications. Ancient missile weapon. Main article: Greek and Roman artillery. Main article: Cheiroballistra.
Main article: Carroballista. Main article: Polybolos. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Alexander the Great: Conqueror of the Ancient World..


The Britannian Military includes all the Armed Forces of the Holy Empire of Britannia. It is believed to be one of the largest, most powerful, and most technologically advanced military in the world.
- The use of infantry within the Empire is fairly unknown, and only a few instances of them being deployed are shown, usually when a Knightmare would be too large to use. When they are, squads of Honorary Britannians and Britannians are likely to be used, as "grunt work", like hunting down rebels in a ghetto. Britannian foot soldiers are heavily armed and armoured with helmeted electronic visors. When they're not in their armor, army officers and soldiers are seen to be wearing blue uniforms.
- The Royal Guards, as its name suggests, are armed forces whose duty is to protect and serve members of the Britannian royal family. They seem to be garrisonned inside Pendragon Imperial Palace on the Britannian Mainland. This can imply that the Knights of the Round may also be assigned Royal Guards. However the full aspect of the Royal Guard is unknown.
- Knightmare Frames are the most basic type of unit used by Britannian forces, originally developed by the Britannians themselves. Essentially a large armored robotic frame, Knightmares have proven themselves effective in almost all combat situations, and the other world powers have only recently began building their own versions of the Britannian models in order to compete, however often with limited success. Originally deployed during the invasion of Haumea, Knightmares proved that, despite their bulky appearance and high manufacture cost, their agility, maneuverability and adaptability gave them an advantage over simpler, more conventional siege weaponry. However, over the years the Sutherland became the main Knightmare Frame unit of their military. Though it was superior to the Glasgows, it offered little improvements compared to its predecessor. After the introduction of the Lancelot, rapid development of 7th generation Knightmare Frames had been spearheaded by Britannia, with the introduction of their first mass-production seventh generation frame, Vincent. Though their Knighmare forces are still comprised of Gloucesters and Sutherlands, they are slowly being replaced by Vincents and Vincent Wards.
- Conventional vehicles like tanks, armored personnel carriers and other military vehicles are sometimes used by the Britannian military. Large mobile bases, such as G-1 Bases are often deployed as a command center and field hospital in potentially hostile territory. Similar machines can be seen throughout the series being used to quickly deploy large numbers of Knightmares.
- Actual airplanes are rarely, if never, used in combat by the kingdom, though VTOL gunships and Knightmare VTOL are often seen, the latter used as Knightmare drop ships. Since the development of efficient float systems, large hover ships like the Avalonare beginning to dominate the Imperial skies. They serve much the same role landcruisers do on the ground, though still heavily-defended and capable of reaching considerable speeds. Similar float systems are now being equipped onto Knightmare frames, rendering them capable of the same role that traditional combat aircraft would have served pre-invasion of Haumea.
- While battleships are seen used by the kingdom in early battles, ships do not seems to play an important military role in the Empire, usually delegated the role of transport and trade. This is possibly why the Black Knights chose a submarine as one of their first headquarters. However, the Britannian military is by no means incapable of aquatic or even deep-sea combat, as shown by effectiveness of the Royal Marine Infantry (RMI)-13 Portman series of amphibious frames.
- "Knights" as by their name sake are elite specialized bodyguards or units of soldiers, usually Knightmare pilots, who operate outside standard Britannian military hierarchy. It is known that there are several Knight Orders in Britannia. Many are under personal command of a member of the Royal family. They are known to wield swords as well as fire arms. The Knights of the Round are considered the greatest of knights in Britannia answerable to only the Emperor himself. Here are the list of known Britannian knight orders:
- Glind Knights
- Knights of the Round
- Magdalene Knights


Best .45 pistol
Springfield Armory has built a well-deserved reputation for producing excellent firearms.
It was designed to work with both left and right handed shooters, and all of its levers are able to be depressed without any issues.The XD(M).45 ACP brings the dependability and durability of Glocks without the design that people love or hate.When it comes to both style and performance, SIG Sauer is one of the leading companies in the industry.Reply 11 days 22 hours ago Guest Rick Share On Twitter Share On Google Can I get some comments on the Kimber Raptor 45.
Best 45 for the money - Shooting Sports Forum - Perfect UnionFind the best 1911 handguns for concealed carry protection and competition shooting when you visit Springfield Armory.Combat pistols available today are some of the most rugged and reliable ever.
Reply 8 months 28 days ago Admin Eric Hung Share On Twitter Share On Google Hi Michael, welcome to the hobby and thanks so much for your kind words.
However, if you can afford the expensive sticker price, the P220 is a great gun to have.
The Best 9MM Pistols: Our Favorite Handguns in a PopularAlong with precision and durability, you also get the following functions.The result was a highly-accurate.45 ACP that beginners and proficient shooters can handle without any problems.I secured the pistol into my Ransom Master Series machine rest for accuracy testing at twenty-five yards, with the best.
The US military was in the process of replacing the M9 standard military pistol (92F Beretta 9mm) with a new combat pistol (in.45 caliber) model, but.
GLOCK's Soft-Shooting .45: The GLOCK Model 21The XD(M).45 continues this reputation by providing a gun that has a perfect balance of power and ergonomics.He can tell you everything you ever wanted to know about hunting and recreational shooting.
Best Handgun/Pistol for Beginners & Home Defense [2017An additional security system that locks the safety into place.The classic Colt-designed model 1911 is well over a century old and still popular.
Take some time to think about what your.45 ACPs primary function will be.
Semi Auto Pistols for Sale - Buy Semi Auto Pistols atWhen it comes to self-defense, the vast majority of military and tactical experts choose to carry a sidearm, rather than a shotgun or rifle.
Best Ammo For 1911 - User Voted RankingsDick Metcalf examines how the iconic 1911 became the most influential auto pistol design ever developed.Browse all new and used.45 ACP Pistols for sale and buy with confidence from Guns International.Get a FREE PDF of my top favorite shooting drills and zeroing targets you can use at home or the range.
If you want to purchase a gun for home-defense (or tactical ops), then this is the pistol for you.Its superior craftsmanship and excellent functionality make it the perfect gun for collectors and shooters alike.Along with the recoil being significantly reduced, another reason that the PX4 Storm shoots so accurately is because it feels comfortable to hold.Since Taurus designed the gun with military personnel in mind, they went to great lengths to ensure that the.45 ACP OSS is as reliable as possible.However, one of the downsides of the P220 is that it can feel a bit unnatural to people who have smaller hands, so make sure and properly test the gun before making a purchase.Also, make sure that you spend enough time at the range getting used to your gun.
What NON-1911 45 acp Handgun Would You Buy?We help you narrow it down a little for cheap but reliable plinking ammo plus self-defense rounds.
Elite Accuracy: Top 4 New 1911 Handguns For 2015I may earn a small part of the sale from links to any products or services on this site.This article proudly details the best.45 ACP carbines on the market. The.45 is a killer cartridge and to some a bit of a handful in a pistol.I also have a Springfield XD 45 which is my go to pistol and is a great gun.Heckler and Koch has had something of a spotty history with the American.45 ACP caliber.For some firearm owners, the way the Glock is designed is a deal-breaker, so make sure that you give yourself the opportunity to hold the gun before you buy it.
I am buying my first handgun and want to buy the best handgun on the. hard to back away from a full size 1911 45.Even if you have experience shooting.45 caliber pistols in the past, every.45 ACP model shoots a little differently.
Bang for Your Buck: 11 Best Semiautomatics on a BudgetAdvanced slip-resistant grip that is easy to hold, even with wet or dirty hands.
Semiautomatic Pistols, Semiautomatic Handguns - Cabela'sTop Ten.40 Pistols to Own. We will discuss the top ten best.40 caliber pistols available,.Reply 8 months 28 days ago Admin Eric Hung Share On Twitter Share On Google Hi Gene, thanks for the update on the OSS.Its polygonal rifling provides a boost in accuracy and improved durability.
We cover choosing the best caliber (9mm), size, sights, safety, and end with our top beginner models and accessories.Brandon has spent the majority of his life hunting in the woods in Georgia and Alabama.
Reply 8 months 28 days ago Admin Eric Hung Share On Twitter Share On Google Hi Rick, yup I tried with the ones I had on hand. 5.56 for reference.The inner trigger guard has a groove that can cause discomfort for some people.Use this ultimate comparison chart to discover what the best handgun is for your needs.The XD(M) is much easier to control than some of the other.45 calibers on the market, yet it still packs the same punch as bigger, bulkier pistols.This pistol was the official sidearm of the United States military for the longest time and saw most of its action between World War I and the Vietnam War.
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David Saranga of the Israeli Consulate in New York, posted an informative backgrounder today on the story behind the June “cease fire” between Israel and Hamas. His article points out that while rocket and mortar fire from Gaza slowed during the “lull,” it never fully stopped. David goes on to say that rather than use the “state of calm” to promote peace and to build a civilian infrastructure in Gaza, Hamas took advantage of the situation to expand its terrorist capabilities. For more information go to David’s site.
Source: Israel Consulate via IsraelPolitik
Hamas has been fighting an increasingly more high tech ground war utilizing more advanced rocket power, according to analysts at globalsecurity.org and Jane’s Information Group. Popular Science (PopSci) reveales that over time, Hamas has been beefing up its arsenal of new rockets with expanded range. With the latest in rocket power, they are becoming better equipped to strike cities such as Tel Aviv with improved accuracy.
In its recent article, PopSci reports that recently, Hamas imported factory manufactured rockets from China and Iran. Based on a family of Soviet rockets dating back to World War II, these rockets have the range to hit more Israeli cities, and their introduction help propel the current conflict.
The Iranian rocket, called a Grad, has a range of about 12 miles, long enough to hit the Israeli cities of Ashkelon and Sderot. The Chinese rocket, called the WS-1-E (pictured above, courtesy of globalsecurity.org) has an even greater range of up to 27 miles, and better accuracy than the Grad.
It is believed that Hamas possesses Iranian Fajr-4 rockets, which have a range long enough to hit Tel Aviv.


By Anthony Caruso III | Publisher
According to Deadspin, a referee was injured by a cannon during a college football game. Yes, you read that right.
The referee was shot in the head following a score at the Maine Maritime Academy homecoming game. An alumni of the school reportedly brought his own cannon to the game.
Following the score, the individual did not shoot a cannonball with the cannon. However, he shot some object that hit the official in the head.
The Bangor Daily News is reporting the individual ‘loaded it with black powder and a substance that he made into a wad.’ Once the individual light the cannon that activated it to shoot the wad and powder out and hit the official in the head.
After the incident, the official was transported to a local medical facility. He suffered non-life threatening injuries.
While the incident is under investigation, the school has banned cannons from football home games.


Someone dropped by looking for “production plans for the real 1911.”
By real I assume he means a Connecticut produced Clt 1911. Colt has filed for bankruptcy, and is trying to auction assets later this year, preferably some time in August.
I assume there will be a purchaser who will move Colt’s assets to a plant in a gun friendly State and continue to manufacture Colt marked 1911 pattern handguns, and Colt’s extensive line of other firearms. Other than that assumption, I have absolutely no information.
Nor can I say that a 1911 marked Colt’s, El Camp Texas would qualify as a “real 1911 or not. New in box and NRA mint Colt firearms are likely to see a sharp appreciation in value. Those who have them should hang on to them.


Seven Days Battles U. History Images Welcome to U. Below you'll find a list of the most recently added images. Use the links on the left to view all the U.
Once within range of each other, the two ships opened fire on one another. After two days of pounding, battle was declared a tactical stalemate and the ships withdrew without either suffering much damage.
It was the first time iron ships clashed in naval warfare and signaled the beginning of the end of the era of wooden warships. It can be said that these two iron warships were the predecessors to the battleship.
Summary The Battle of Hampton Roads, often referred to as either the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack or Virginia or the Battle of Ironclads, was the most noted and arguably most important naval battle of the American Civil War from the standpoint of the development of navies.
It was fought over two days, March 8—9,in Hampton Roads, a roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers meet the James River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay adjacent to the city of Norfolk. The major significance of the battle is that it was the first meeting in combat of ironclad warships: The Confederate fleet consisted of the ironclad ram Virginia built from the remnants of the USS Merrimack and several supporting vessels.
On the first day of battle, they were opposed by several conventional, wooden-hulled ships of the Union Navy. However, the action was halted by darkness and falling tide, so Virginia retired to take care of her few wounded — which included her captain, Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan — and repair her minimal battle damage.
During the night, however, the ironclad Monitor had arrived and had taken a position to defend Minnesota. When Virginia approached, Monitor intercepted her. The two ironclads fought for about three hours, with neither being able to inflict significant damage on the other.
The duel ended indecisively, Virginia returning to her home at the Gosport Navy Yard for repairs and strengthening, and Monitor to her station defending Minnesota. The ships did not fight again, and the blockade remained in place. The battle received worldwide attention, and it had immediate effects on navies around the world.
The preeminent naval powers, Great Britain and France, halted further construction of wooden-hulled ships, and others followed suit. A new type of warship was produced, the monitor, based on the principle of the original. The use of a small number of very heavy guns, mounted so that they could fire in all directions was first demonstrated by Monitor but soon became standard in warships of all types.
Shipbuilders also incorporated rams into the designs of warship hulls for the rest of the century. The USS Monitor became the prototype for the monitor warship type. She thus became the first of two ships whose names were applied to entire classes of their successors. The other was HMS Dreadnought.
Many more were built, including river monitors, and they played key roles in Civil War battles on the Mississippi and James rivers.
Battle of Hampton Roads Casemate Ironclad Virginia and Ironclad Monitor during Battle of Hampton Roads However, while the design proved exceptionally well-suited for river combat, the low profile and heavy turret caused poor seaworthiness in rough waters.
What followed has been described as "Monitor mania".
The revolving turret later inspired similar designs for future warships, which eventually became the modern battleship. The vulnerability of wooden hulls to armored ships was noted particularly in Britain and France, where the wisdom of the planned conversion of the battle fleet to armor was given a powerful demonstration.
Another feature that was emulated was not so successful. Impressed by the ease with which the Virginia had sunk the Cumberland, naval architects began to incorporate rams into their hull designs. The first purpose-built ram in the modern era was the French armored ram Taureauwhose guns were said to have "the sole function of preparing the way for the ram.CSS Virginia was the first ironclad warship constructed by the Confederate States Navy during Civil War ().
Following the outbreak of the conflict in April , the US Navy found that one of its largest facilities, the Norfolk (Gosport) Navy Yard, was now behind enemy lines. , Billie. Letter, 2 January Accession 4 pages.
Letter, 2 January , from a soldier named Billie at Petersburg, Virginia, to his sister Maggie describing the wintery weather conditions around Petersburg during the siege of During the American Civil War, the CSS Virginia, a captured and rebuilt Union steam frigate formerly known as the Merrimac, engages the USS Monitor in the first battle between iron-fortified naval.
The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the "Old Navy", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the "New Navy", the result of a modernization effort that began in the s and made it the largest in the world by the s.
Starting from scratch and relying on ingenuity and innovation, the Confederacy was able to put into action more than 20 armored warships. During the Civil War, the agricultural South faced a daunting opponent in the industrialized North, and nowhere was that more apparent than on water.
The. American Civil War - U.S. History Images: Battle of Fort Henry This page has nine illustrations of the Battle of Fort Henry, which was fought on February 6, , in western yunusemremert.com was the first important victory for the Union and Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the Western Theater.


Updated: Oct 29, 2020
The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union initiated by Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.
In response to the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961 and the presence of American Jupiter ballistic missiles in Italy and Turkey, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to Cuba's request to place nuclear missiles on the island to deter a future invasion. An agreement was reached during a secret meeting between Khrushchev and Fidel Castro in July 1962, and construction of a number of missile launch facilities started later that summer.
Meanwhile, the 1962 United States elections were underway, and the White House had denied charges for months that it was ignoring dangerous Soviet missiles 90 miles (140 km) from Florida. The missile preparations were confirmed when an Air Force U-2 spy plane produced clear photographic evidence of medium-range (SS-4) and intermediate-range (R-14) ballistic missile facilities.
When this was reported to President John F. Kennedy, he convened a meeting of the nine members of the National Security Council and five other key advisers in a group known as the Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM). After consultation with them, Kennedy ordered a naval blockade on October 22 to prevent further missiles from reaching Cuba. The US announced it would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the weapons already in Cuba be dismantled and returned to the Soviet Union.
After several days of tense negotiations, an agreement was reached between Kennedy and Khrushchev. Publicly, the Soviets would dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba and return them to the Soviet Union, subject to United Nations verification, in exchange for a US public declaration and agreement to avoid invading Cuba again. Secretly, the United States agreed that it would dismantle all US-built Jupiter MRBMs, which had been deployed in Turkey against the Soviet Union; there has been debate on whether Italy was included in the agreement as well.
When all offensive missiles and Ilyushin Il-28 light bombers had been withdrawn from Cuba, the blockade was formally ended on November 21, 1962. The negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union pointed out the necessity of a quick, clear, and direct communication line between the two Superpowers. As a result, the Moscow–Washington hotline was established. A series of agreements later reduced US–Soviet tensions for several years until both parties began to build their nuclear arsenals even further.
Reference: Wikipedia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ please note this license do not imply Wikipedia endores this article


The Supreme Court has agreed to determine whether the ban on bump stocks by the Trump administration was lawful. Bump stocks are attachments that allow semiautomatic rifles to fire rapidly.
The Biden administration supports upholding the ban in their Supreme Court briefs, applauding the Trump administration’s effort to address gun violence following the 2017 Las Vegas mass shooting in which a gunman used a bump stock to kill 58 people.
Initially, the Justice Department stated that the executive branch lacked the authority to ban bump stocks without congressional action. However, they later changed their position, believing that they had the power to ban the devices on their own.
The case primarily focuses on executive power rather than the Second Amendment. Challengers argue that the ban, implemented in 2019, goes against federal laws that predominantly prohibit machine guns.
According to the National Firearms Act of 1934 and the Gun Control Act of 1968, a machine gun is defined as a weapon that shoots automatically or can be easily converted to do so. The government lawyers argue that bump stocks fall under these definitions and can therefore be regulated.
One brief in the case, Garland v. Cargill, No. 22-976, states that rifles modified with bump stocks, like other machine guns, have the potential to fire hundreds of bullets per minute. It cites the Las Vegas mass shooting as an example, where the shooter used bump stocks to kill 58 people and wound around 500 within minutes.
Federal appeals courts have issued conflicting rulings on whether the ban is authorized by the laws. There have been 22 opinions on the matter, spanning approximately 350 pages.
The challengers argue that the purchase of 520,000 bump stocks and the expected loss of over $100 million in property, along with the lack of national uniformity in the sale and possession of bump stocks, remain subjects of controversy and dispute despite the regulation.
Bump stocks utilize a firearm’s recoil energy to enable it to continue firing after a single trigger pull. The Justice Department contends that this transforms semiautomatic weapons into machine guns under federal laws.
However, the challengers disagree, asserting that a weapon is not a machine gun unless the shooter must do more than a single trigger pull to fire multiple shots. They cite the regulation, which states that producing a second shot requires the shooter to exert forward pressure on the barrel-shroud or fore-grip while maintaining constant rearward pressure on the trigger finger.


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The 'V' came from the German word Vergeltungswaffen, meaning
weapons of reprisal. The V-1 was developed by German scientists at the
Peenemünde research facility on the Baltic Sea, under the direction
of Wernher von Braun and Walter Dornberger.
They were nicknamed "buzz bombs" by the British due to the
distinct buzzing sound made by the pulse-jet engines powering the bombs,
which overall resembled a small aircraft. Other British nicknames included
"doodlebugs" and "flying bombs." Each V-1 was launched
from a short length catapult then climbed to about 3,000 feet at speeds
up to 350 miles per hour.
As the V-1 approached its target, the buzzing noise could be heard by
persons on the ground. At a preset distance, the engine would suddenly
cut out and there would be momentary silence as the bomb plunged toward
the ground, followed by an explosion of the 1,870 pound warhead.
The first V-1s were launched against London on June 13, 1944, a week
after the D-Day landings. During the first V-1 bombing campaign, up to
100 V-1s fell every hour on London. Over an 80 day period, more than 6,000
persons were killed, with over 17,000 injured and a million buildings wrecked
Unlike conventional German aircraft bombing raids, V-1 attacks occurred
around the clock in all types of weather, striking indiscriminately, causing
suspense and terror among the population of London and parts of Kent and
Prime Minister Winston Churchill recalled, "One landed near my
home at Westerham, killing, by cruel mischance, twenty-two homeless children
and five grownups collected in a refuge made for them in the woods."
According to German records, 8,564 were launched against England as
well as the port of Antwerp, with about 57 percent actually reaching their
designated targets. The remainder failed as a result of antiaircraft guns,
barrage balloons, and interception by fighter planes.
Over 29,000 V-1 bombs were built, mainly through slave labor at a huge
underground factory near Nordhausen. Launch sites and production facilities
were specially targeted by Allied bombers during Operation Crossbow. In
those raids, nearly 2,000 Allied airmen were killed.
Eventually, British and American planes knocked out the majority of
the launching sites. By September of 1944, however, the Nazis introduced
the V-2 rocket, a liquid-fueled rocket that traveled at supersonic speeds
as high as 50 miles, then hurtled down toward its target at a speed of
nearly 4,000 miles per hour, smashing its 2,000 pound high explosive warhead
into the ground without warning. Unlike the V-1, the V-2 rockets could
not be intercepted. Over a thousand were fired at London.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or as they are more commonly known, drones, have been part of military operations for decades dating all the way back to World War I. For much of that history, drones have been used for surveillance operations and at the beginning of the 21st century drones with weapon systems were developed for long-range attacks. The first Predator drone was used for a targeted killing in 2002 in the Middle East. These days however, the use of drones in the military is evolving in conjunction with the technology and diversifying their uses. At the current rate of advancement, the possibilities for military drones are changing constantly– they are now capable of everything from long-range surveillance to logistics with more advancements occurring daily.
One such advancement in the field of logistics drones is China’s AT200 cargo UAV – which is being used to supply military installations in the South China Sea. The AT200 is China’s heaviest cargo drone with a payload of 1500 kilograms, which is ideal for not only military transport but also securing military supplies for isolated islands. It also only requires a 200-meter-long runway for takeoffs and landings – making it good for supplying small islands and spaces most manned aircraft cannot reach easily
Israel has also been developing a cargo UAV – the Cormorant – and recently fitted the device with a more powerful engine than previous models. The Cormorant is a drone capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) which is beneficial for delivering supplies or cargo to areas without readily available runways. Both Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and South Korea’s Hankuk Carbon have been developing VTOL drones for the last few years, and decided to form a joint venture called Korean Aviation Technologies (KAT) in the service of the technology. The plan is to produce next-generation drones that can handle loads up to 450 kilograms – which would surely benefit both military and government operations for both nations and beyond.
Thanks to the breakneck speed technology is increasing in the field of UAVs, defense drones are becoming more efficient and lower cost. Militaries all over the world have been developing low-cost defense drones to increase their power without having to worry about pilot safety. Thanks to stealth technology, these UAVs can gain admittance to denied access airspace – free from the required life support systems of human manned aircraft these are able to minimize signatures in all trackable domains. IAI have also developed a leading defense drone, the Heron TP, a monstrous turboprop-powered UAV which is equipped with self-protection systems to secure its freedom of operation in contested airspace. Other countries have shown an interest in this drone including India and more recently Australia – demonstrating its sheer capability is desired all over the world.
As militaries expand the capability of their defense drones, naturally the technology to disrupt those capabilities is advancing as well. Russia has recently established a ground-based unit specializing in defeating enemy drones. It employs an electronic jamming system that will sever the radio connections used link UAVs to their pilots. With this kind of a threat to drone usage in the military, it will only further accelerate the development of fully autonomous drones. With the massive leaps taking place in the development of AI technology, the future of the mass deployment of human-independent drones is on the horizon. These drones will have the capability to make their own survival decisions – independent of any human error which could potentially create a more efficient military.
The final type of drone seeing great advancements recently is reconnaissance and spy drones, the original use of UAVs in the military. Northrop Grumman recently supplied its MQ-4C Triton drone to the US Navy to monitor the seas. The Triton in conjunction with the P-8 Poseidon jet, will replace the older propeller driven P-3C Orion which has patrolled the seas for over 50 years in service with the Navy. The Triton will assume intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance duties for the Navy and free up pilots for other missions. An upgraded version of this drone is set to roll out within four years and continue to serve as a “24-hour unblinking eye in the sky” according to Northrop.
China is also testing a new type of spy drone capable of reaching “near space” heights – about 20 kilometers above sea level – where most machines are incapable of flying due to the thin air. When reaching air this thin, it is difficult for drones to generate lift and the low temperatures can cause electronic issues – which is why this advancement is so substantial for the future of spy drones. The near-space area of our atmosphere has always been seen as a promising frontier for intelligence operations, but has remained unfeasible due to being too high for most aircraft and too low for satellites. Drones equipped with cameras and other sensors are the best shot at achieving near-space usage, and at a fraction of the cost of using satellites.
While some drones may still be used for surveillance, as they were originally intended, their capabilities have increased exponentially. From short-range spy missions to 24/7 surveillance of our seas and near-space reconnaissance, these are just a fraction of the advancements in drone technology of recent years. Internationally, militaries have also introduced the use of logistics and cargo drones, capable of delivering supplies to areas that even our most skilled pilots flying state-of-the-art aircraft could not reach. As drone technology continues to advance, we will see militaries developing what to the general public are presently unimaginable uses for UAVs and creating a more efficient and safer military for all. The next level for military drones is the fully autonomous UAV – the pinnacle of efficiency in drone operations.


Slaughterbots is a short video by Stop Autonomous Wepons that shows the threats of weponizing AI and drone technology. This video shows threats from technology we already have. These drones have precision mapping technology that allows them to map a room in real time and teach themselves to perform aerial maneuvers that human controllers cannot possibly perform.
WATCH: Slaughterbots – Autonomous Weapons
If this isn’t what you want, please take action at http://autonomousweapons.org/


Venezuela in the exercise of the presidency of Mnoal advocates for the total elimination of nuclear weapons
The Movement of Non-Aligned Countries (Mnoal), under the presidency of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, celebrated and promoted on Wednesday the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, within the framework provided by the 73rd Period of Sessions of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN).
On behalf of the 120 Member States of the Mnoal, Venezuelan Foreign Minister Jorge Arreaza reaffirmed the principles of the organization about firearm and nuclear disarmament, as well as the non-proliferation of any kind of nuclear weapons.
“As long as nuclear weapons exist, the risk of their use and proliferation will persist; all use of nuclear weapons constitutes a violation of the Charter of the United Nations as well as a crime against humanity (…) It is a proven fact that any use of nuclear weapons would have humanitarian consequences of catastrophic proportions; therefore, the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only and absolute guarantee against its use”, the diplomat emphasized.
In this context, Mnoal expressed its deep concern about the delay in the progress towards nuclear disarmament and the lack of progress on the part of the nuclear-weapon States, with regard to the total elimination of their arsenals in accordance with their legal and multilateral obligations.
Therefore, the Mnoal reaffirmed the need for the nuclear-weapon States, to take urgent and concrete actions aimed to achieve the goal of nuclear desarmament.
The agency also reiterated its concern for the improvement of the existing nuclear weapons, the production of new types of nuclear weapons, as the military doctrines of some nuclear weapon States contemplate, and the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) of the Government of the United States.
“We emphasize, once again, that these upgradings, as well as the manufacture of new weapons of this type, also violate the commitments made by the nuclear-weapon States during the conclusion of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (Tpcen). and during the conferences of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review”, warned FM Arreaza on behalf of the 120 States that are part of Mnoal.
At the same time, the organism reaffirmed that the organization of the High Level International Conference on Nuclear Disarmament, according to the provisions established in the General Assembly resolutions, will provide an important opportunity to examine the progress made in the field of disarmament and thus, promote even more such a noble objective.
The Mnoal considers the annual commemoration of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons as one of the most effective ways to focus international public attention on the risks and threats posed to mankind by nuclear weapons and the need to eliminate them completely.
Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
In his speech, the Venezuelan Foreign Minister stated that the Mnoal has taken note of the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which took place on July 7, 2017, within the framework of the United Nations Conference to negotiate a legally binding instrument. binding to forbid nuclear weapons.
In this regard, he stressed that the aspiration of the agency is that once the Treaty comes into force, it contributes to advance towards the goal of the total elimination of nuclear weapons.
“The time has come to adopt a new and comprehensive approach to nuclear disarmament”, he added.


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Officers of the Russian Northern Fleet have mastered new ways of using underwater weapons in Arctic.
The training took place at the main base of the Northern Fleet's Submarine Forces in Gadzhiyevo. It phocused on training use of antimine and antisubmarineweapons, and electronic warfare as well, TASS reports.
Special attention was paid to using torpedoes to make opening in ice for submarine surfacing and using missile weapons in conditions of the Arctic.
On the final day of drills, a competition was held between commanders on the best torpedo attack by a group of ships, along with on combat calculations. The winners received the Northern Fleet Commander’s prize.


par Michel Rogalski
A long interlude seems to conclude itself. The nuclear disarmament programme, in particular that of the two great powers disappeared from the political scene for ten years. However the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), in force since 1970, made obligation to the five powers “equipped” with the weapon to forward disarmament. On the other hand, other State signatories are banned from such type of armament, but the right to control the civil form of the atom is recognised.
Since the beginning of the year, in fact since the Barack Obama presidency, the declarations precipitate giving world safety another image.
A dangerous situation blocked for a long time
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, American obsession was to leave bonds imposed by the Cold War. It was necessary to re-examine agreements signed with the Soviet Union at the time of a bipolar world where military parity was set. Actually behind this openly posted objective another discreet range even more ambitious was profiled. It consisted in the release from constraints after the Second World War imposing management of the world with the Allies, within a U.N. framework. The attacks of September 2001 allowed a major opportunity for the United States to be reconstituted as leader against the Axis of Evil and to polarize international alliances around this idea. But for a limited time only, because events in the war against Iraq, subsequently stalemate, will not allow behavior of such a posture in the long-term.
Also, the ABM Treaty signed with the Soviet Union in 1972, whose objective was to limit the antiballistic missile defense system, was denounced by the United States in December 2001 to allow them set up a system of space shield, as unrealistic and financially unviable as the “Star Wars” project from Ronald Reagan, but equally destabilizing.
Iran, suspected of wanting a nuclear weapon, will serve as a pretext for the installation in Europe of an advanced anti-missile system composed of a radar tracking station in Czech Republic and deployment of fixed battery missile interceptors in Poland. This project has poisoned relations between the United States and Russia for more than two years. Russia feeling obviously threatened by this system against which Putin firmly warned in his speech at a safety conference in Munich in 2007. Accompanying enlargement in the West by NATO, it contributes to the slow down of any projection towards real nuclear disarmament. Thus, the START negotiations, aimed at dismantling strategic nuclear armaments and whose first grinding goes back to 1991, remained almost at a dead end during the two Bush mandates. Except for prolongation, this Treaty is supposed to expire on December 5, 2009. As for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), it must be revised in May 2010. Actually these two treaties are dependant because the NPT invites nuclear powers to reduce their arsenals, of which 95% are held by the United States and Russia.
Since the Barack Obama presidency, views have changed in Washington, gradually with small touches, evidence of obstacles put forward by those who look back to previous eras.
A new orientation
The day before the United Nations Summit, official announcement of the abandonment of the “anti-missile shield” deployed in Europe constitutes a turning point in Russo-American relations. It is truly a change of course regarding defense, pretext by a revaluation of the “Iranian threat”. Admittedly, a new alternative project, intended to calm Czech and Polish concerns, will be implemented in several phases and will aim at positioning SM-3 missiles intended to counter only short and average range rockets. Moreover Patriot missiles would be deployed in Poland. But nothing would be operational before 2015 or 2018 ; added to the fact that adhesion of the Ukraine and Georgia with NATO no longer seems topical. One understands the concern of countries from ex- Eastern Europe. They already felt betrayed by Western Europe, who over their heads, dialogued with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. This time, they feel let down by the Americans and not thanked for their allegiance to Bush at the time of the Iraq War. It is a sign that something is happening in Washington. One no longer counts on “new Europe” as in the Bush period. “Old Europe” which had approved the shield says nothing and does not seem too annoyed at appearing more credible from now on regarding defense in the eyes of “new Europe”.
But this blow of theater fits in a sky, which was released at the beginning of the year. Speeches and meetings increased which testified to important conceptual parallels in support of convergences. Barack Obama launched an ambitious work site concerning reduction of arsenals and reinforcement of non-proliferation, not hesitating to make military chiefs re-examine their copy considered too timorous. On Afghanistan, NATO already obtained Russian co-operation, which grants the transit of soldiers and military material by air and overland. With this agreement allowing America substantial savings of time and money, Moscow obviously fears the return of the Taliban in Kabul.
Important speeches marked the ground. Obama understood very quickly the desire of Russia to be treated as a major power to dialog with. Only the military field really lends to it. His speech in Moscow, beginning of July, at the summit with Medvedev, following his speech in Cairo intended for the Moslem world, enabled him to affirm that a “great power does not show its force while dominating other countries”. It demonstrated his will to commit himself “to stop nuclear proliferation and contribute to the building of a world without nuclear weapons in the long term”. He also proposed to break with “the idea according to which possession of such weapons confers prestige, or that we can protect while choosing which countries are right or not to hold them is an illusion”.
Resumption of the START negotiations has started and predicts higher arsenal reductions than those initially under consideration by the two parties at the time of the Moscow Summit.
The Iranian stone
This file is not bilateral and therefore partly escapes from the intensity of Russo-American co-operation, while another fourth actor, Israel, is set to dramatize it. Formally, Iran’s signatory of the Treaty of Non-Proliferation cannot extend to a nuclear weapon, but has the possibility of obtaining a nuclear industry at the civilian end. Such is international law. But this law cannot exonerate examination of the regional context. Africa and Latin America are continents where the nuclear weapon was banished. Asia and the Middle East, on the contrary, constitute a zone where military nuclear power already proliferated under various statutes.
Two countries (Russia and China) were seen recognizing the statute of States equipped with the nuclear weapon by NPT. Three other countries (India, Pakistan and Israel) having refused to engage in the Treaty had legally free hands to reach a nuclear weapon. A sixth country (North Korea) left the Treaty temporarily… then came back having acquired nuclear military potential, negotiating dismantling under advantageous conditions. Lastly, two other countries, signatories of the Treaty (South Korea and Japan), acquired the statute of
“ threshold states”, i.e. capacity under short notice (less than a year) to acquire the weapon, without having the slightest reproach. It is probable that Iran, undisputed regional power, aspires to such a statute. The presence of an American armada in its surrounding area leads it there.
The situation is unstable and dangerous, above all because this continent crystallizes the various situations of recognized rights or snatches and singular situations that do not support the emergence of a legitimately accepted rule. A thorough review is essential


American Revolutionary War Officer's Sword with brass hild and 34-inch single fuller blade. The blade is of a much earlier French manufacture. It is etched on both sides with an elaborate (but worn and largely indiscerible) featuring several Fleur-de-Lys and separate radiant sun like faces as well as he world "Vie Le Roi" Indicating a probable Louis XIV (1643-1715) Origin. The hilt featured a bone horn/ ivory grip, a brass ball pommel, and a brass openwork guard. The blade is blade is said to have lost it's temper and will not flex.


Warzone Devs Instantly Nerf DMR After Surprise Season 5 Reloaded Buffs
The Warzone Season 5 Reloaded patch notes included a DMR buff, which was expected to reintroduce the once-famous tactical rifle into the meta.
Season 5 Reloaded has officially arrived in the world of Call of Duty: Warzone, bringing with it a slew of new changes, including a slew of major weapon buffs and nerfs.
The DMR Black Ops Cold War tactical Rifle, which dominated the Call of Duty battle royale at the start of the Cold War cycle, was one of the weapons affected by the Warzone Season 5 Reloaded weapon balancing.
As soon as the new patch was released, the Repullze’s clip, an SMG version of the DMR, was jumped on.
Streamers, like the pre-nerf Type 63 secondary, transformed the thing into a lethal close-range beast.
The devs revealed in the updated patch notes that the DMR’s neck and upper torso multipliers have been reduced from 1.1 to 1.0.
These modifications are expected to reduce the gun’s recoil to a more manageable level while maintaining the recoil change
The Start Date
Raven Software has yet to reveal the official start date for Warzone Pacific Season 5 Reloaded, but the halfway point between the Battle Pass’s start and end dates would be October 5, 2022.
These updates are usually available around 9 a.m. PT / 12 p.m. ET / 5 p.m. BST.
The final season of Warzone before the release of Warzone 2 and the DMZ mode was on November 16th.
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Raven Software has made changes to Warzone’s SMGs to allow for a better balance of the weapons in the category.
The Season 5 Reloaded SMG changes affect both Modern Warfare and Cold War weapons, including the OTs 9 and PPSH. The update also includes a nerf for Modern Warfare’s MP5.


It is not a new thing to use bows and arrows because the of been in use for a long time in history. The bows and arrows have a history, for example, was used during the civilization when there was war was not until there came more relevant and powerful reports such as firearms which led that the use of bow and arrows is relevant. Many cultures also in the history of a man used bows and arrows for hunting purposes. In the recent generation, the use of bows and arrows as being primarily for recreational hunting and sporting purposes where people compete will shoes best and first and on point. Visit thebestcompoundbows.com for more info.
There is some development that has been made on the modern bows and arrows that is called a compound bow which is made of levering system usually consisting of cables and pulleys to bend limps. The compound bow is being used primarily for two purposes in this modern age for example, for hunting and target practice.The buying of compound bows is not a natural process. The following are the considerations for purchasing a compound bow.
The experience you have with compound bows will influence your decision on the type of compound bow you will buy. If you’re a beginner, to means that you have no experience with the compound bow and that is what is important to buy something that can fit your weight because compound bows work with will afford to pull and reach the target. If you are an experienced person with the bows, you can engage any weight of the compound bow that you want.Additionally, there are compound bows that can fit the female gender completely and others can only fit the male person according to note that made that the other factor to consider when you’re buying the compound bow. You can also check this site to learn more.
Length of the axle is the other factor to consider it comes to buying compound bows. The shorter bows are the easiest to move and also will require you to sacrifice a lot to learn and also, they are known to be the hardest to shoot. The long compound bows are known to be easy to use, easy to should and is it to move around and that is why they are recommended for beginners who are doing hunting as a sport.The the overall weight of the compound bow is the other factor to consider, for example, the weighty compound bows are hard to carry, but they make less noise when hunting the wood, unlike the later ones which are easy to move around with but they make a lot of noise when hunting. Check this video about compound bows: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kcGkuuiS5sk.


Improved Carbine Rifle (lore-friendly with pump shotgun stock) – GTA 5 WEAPON MOD
Just a very simple edit to the Vanilla Carbine Rifle, adding a proper buffer tube and collapsible stock from the vanilla pump shotgun. Removes the ugly IRL ACE stock pretending to be a crane stock and switched to the lorified MOE stock.
Comes with a few MK2 parts as optionals. Highly recommend at least switching the scope to the provided on in black (MK2 medium scope)
Install path on readme.


A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State,
the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Our Friend Brandon at Ammo To Go Dot Com
would like you to take a new shooter to the range
and teach them to shoot. He plans to help you along.
Below he explains:
Starting on Tuesday, Ammo To Go and Magtech are giving away 100,000 rounds of pistol ammo as part of what they're calling "Ammo Ambassadors". This program rewards shooters who introduce new shooters to the sport by picking up the tab for at least a portion of the ammo they use on their range trip.
Here's how it works: AmmoToGo.com new will make a downloadable target available on their 9mm ammunition page under the ammo ambassadors tab. In all, they are giving away 100,000 rounds of 9mm with full metal jacket bullets available for free to ammo mentors. If you know someone new to shooting that would enjoy a trip to the range, print that target and take it to the range when you go. While there, snap a photo of the new shooter with the target. Then, upload it back to Ammo To Go.
From there, they'll email you a code that covers the cost of two boxes (100 rounds) of Magtech 9mm ammunition along and provides free shipping to your home.
The two best commenters, who have visited Brandon's site,
will be given a code that was given to me to use for my readers. It is also for the Magtech 115 grain 9mm. This will also include
free shipping. How about I give you until the following
Tuesday October 13th at 11:59 PM.


The haters say that paintball is only for rich kids. And like most hobbies, if you want the best gear, it’s going to be expensive. If you look at reviews for paintball guns, you’ll notice that some paintball markers cost several thousand dollars, and as the haters will say, only a rich person can afford to spend that kind of money on a hobby.
There is truth in that better paintball guns will improve your performance, but there’s no reason why you need a good paintball gun to compete on the paintball fields. It’s true that a more expensive paintball gun with a great paintball hopper will be more efficient, but a lot of modest paintball markers can be more than good enough.
This is especially true when you consider that a lot of paintball fields have limits on some paintballs you are allowed to fire per second. With those kinds of limits in place, there is very little difference in efficiency between a thousand dollar paintball marker, and a 200 dollar paintball rifle.
I can understand if you want to collect or glamorize an expensive paintball gun. But if you just want to have some fun out on the fields, I do not see why anyone would want an overly expensive paintball gun, when cheap paintball markers work just fine. Let’s take a look at the two cheap paintball guns.
Tippmann 98 Custom – This is the most popular paintball marker by far. Paintball fields almost always choose this marker as their standard rental gun. And it’s because the Tippmann 98 is so incredibly durable. It can get banged around by dozens of paintballers, year after year, and still perform as well as it did out of the box. What’s even sweeter is that many paintball gun upgrades are tailored to the Tippmann 98 Custom. Hence the word “custom” in the title.
A good gun is the Tippmann A5. I wouldn’t argue against it. This bad boy can fire over 20 pbs, and it’s only around 200 bucks. Furthermore, upgrades are really easy to find for this gun. So, it’s quite possible to reach a fire rate that is 25+ pbs. You cannot get a better paintball gun for the price of a Tippmann A5.
There two paintball markers are only a small portion of the price of a professional paintball marker. But why waste money on paintball guns that are only a little better. The Tippmann 98 Custom and the Tippmann A5 are great investments for frugal paintball players.


[Event] Shop Upgrade Weapon-Grade
Mar 22, 2021
L2baium will open shop upgrade weapon-grade.
- Time: Mar 22, 2021 - Mar 31, 2021 GMT+7
- Follows these step:
- Step 1: Contact admin fanpage.
- Step 2: Put B-weapon need to upgrade and BCoin into inventory.
- Step 3: Send information character's name for admin fanpage.
- Fanpage: https://www.facebook.com/L2Baium/
- Fee: 1000 BCoin
- Down 5 level enchant.
Applies to weapon best B from 8+ and above
Convert weapon from best B to mid A
Only upgrade the same weapon. Example: Sword => Sword.


Discover the secrets of a decommissioned Nuclear missile base from the Cold War. The "Tour" will take you deep into the horrors of the base and leave you wanting to go AWOL.
$15 per person
Group rates available. CLICK HERE for additional information and options.
Located at the historic Nike Missile Base C-47, 563 west 600 North Hobart, IN 46342
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Searching deer, black bears, and feral hogs can be carried out well with any from the cartridges. Acquiring the ideal bullet will allow the cartridges being ideal for bigger and harder video games like brown bear and moose.
In terms of knockdown energy, the 450 bushmaster may be the king. It gives the ability to take down large animals in a single shot. They provide plenty of energy and potential to kill all North American huge game titles if fed with the best bullets.
Cooper never ever got over and above the idea, but the idea was picked up by various cartridge makers who, soon after numerous adjustments to the case size, at last released the round. At present, only two suppliers are developing 450 Bushmaster ammunition: Federal and Hornady.
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This is definitely an occasion when you should swap out the mil-spec buttstock for a thing that has a rubber pad on it. You gained’t uncover anything by using a Sorbothane pad, much like the 12-gauge slug gun can come with, but you will discover a non-slip buttstock.
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The receiver is mounted for the light-weight Flat Dim Earth artificial stock utilizing Ruger's patent-pending Electric power Bedding integral bedding block technique, which performs a important part during the rifle's top-notch accuracy.
Probably the most notable in recent times is the .350 Legend. A good amount of fanfare and spilled ink has greeted the newest and biggest do-all deer drugs. But will it should have the attention?
This get rid of of velocity can make these cartridges ineffective at more time ranges. Nonetheless, it is compensated by the sheer knockdown ability of 450.
When you are at an Office environment or shared community, you are able to question the community administrator to operate a scan through the community trying to 450 bushmaster find misconfigured or infected units.
Many of us wouldn’t take into account the 450 Bushmaster an extended-length cartridge by structure. Having said that, you could arrive at out with it. Most dependable shooters and hunters will give it a good distance of about 250-to-three hundred yards for most medium-sized activity.
450 Bushmaster. A behemoth by any standard, the large-bore rifle cartridge has become the go-to For lots of if not most hunters across the shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie up up to now.
A range of corporations manufacture rifles that digest the cartridge. It thrives in the fashionable sporting rifles group and has invaded bolt-motion territory and even lever steps.
Well known makes that generate rifles to become chambered in a 450 bushmaster are Ruger, Savage, and CVA. The 450 bushmaster uses rifles with medium to significant barrel contours and sometimes comes along with a muzzle brake.


Went online with this and it's so pissing stressful.
Majority of people just use their modded controllers, like they do on CoD4 for their pistols. Only thing is on CoD4 the pistols still not great, on this the pistol + a modded controller (it has a little button that you hold and it rapid fires your gun faster than humanly possible) means you own. Everyone's default weapon is the pistol, it's not very strong, but it never runs out of ammo and it never has to reload, which means these modders can hold their rapid fire button and shoot like a machine gun with it dominating everyone. It's not fair at all.


People buy knives for different purposes, and at times one might get confused between a kitchen knife and a hunting knife. In this article, we intend to find out the difference between a kitchen knife and a hunting/ survival knife.
The main difference between kitchen knives and hunting/ survival knives is that the latter are built to be used as tools rather than utensils. This means that utility, versatility, and durability are some of the factors put into when being made. One can do more with a survival knife than with a kitchen knife. Some kitchen knives may work fine as substitutes for survival knives for short periods of time, but they’re not designed to withstand outdoors pressures for too long since the blades are more delicate and more likely to dull, the reason why kitchen knives are sharpened more often. You’ll also find that hunting knives can either fold for easy and safe transport, or come with sheaths. Kitchen knives have fixed blades because they’re not designed to leave the kitchen.
Top Ten Hunting Knives
We are now going to do some hunting knife reviews so that the next time that you go out shopping for one, it will be easier for you to choose the ones that suite you best. They come in varying prices and with different features as you’ll notice.
Ka-Bar Becker BK2 Campanion Fixed Blade Knife
Bring the KA-BAR Becker Companion Knife and Tool along on your next hunting or camping trip. This lightweight knife features a durable, 1095 cro-van steel blade, perfect for splitting kindling, skinning game, or chopping onions for the campfire grill. This knife features the drop point blade shape and a versatile 20-degree blade angle. The comfortable handle is made from Grivory, providing a balanced grip for any outdoor chore. The flat blade is five and a half inches long and the overall length is ten and a half inches. The knife includes a glass-filled nylon sheath to keep the blade safe and sharp. Made in the USA, the Companion knife and tool is tough enough to handle all your outdoor adventures.
- Full tang heavy duty field knife suited for camping chores.
- Made in Olean New York, U.S.A
- Designed by Ethan Becker
- Manufactured by KA-BAR Knives Inc.
- Comes with a hard shell black nylon sheath.
Buck Knives 0119 Special Fixed Blade Knife with Leather Sheath
For the outdoorsmen who prefer the absolute solid feel of a fixed blade, Buck’s best-selling Model 119 Special sets the standard by which the others are measured.
Hoyt Buck’s first knife, made from a worn-out file blade in 1902, was a fixed blade, and for many years, all Buck knives were fixed blades. Now, nearly one hundred years later, Buck Knives continues to offer a comprehensive line of fixed-blade knives, ideal for field and work. They’ve gone through evolutionary refinements through the years, always retaining the basic engineering to withstand the rigors of everyday use. And the best known and best liked of the fixed-blade line is the Model 119 Special.
- Overall Length – 10-1/2 inch.
- Blade Length – 6 inch.
- Weight – 7.5 ounce.
- Made in the USA.
KA-BAR Full Size US Marine Corps Fighting Knife
Perfect for gift giving, celebrating a military anniversary or retirement or just to showcase your pride in serving the USA. The KA-BAR Knife features a gold-plated brass guard and pommel. Made with tough 1095 Cro-van steel, the blade of this knife is durable and sharp.
- 100% Leather Sheath
- 1095 Cro-van steel
- 7″ Straight Edge Blade
- The most famous fixed blade knife design in the world
- Leather Handle, USMC Fightning Knife
- Made in the USA, Sheath made in Mexico.
Gerber Bear Grylls Ultimate Serrated Knife
The collaboration of Gerber’s 70 + years of knife and gear expertise with Bear Grylls extensive outdoor survival and adventure experience led to the creation of the Bear Grylls Ultimate Serrated Knife. Bear knows what it takes to be a survivor in extreme situations and this survival knife is meticulously designed by Gerber and Bear to offer a multitude of uses in any environment. This fixed point, fine edge knife also includes a fire starter, sharpener in sheath and whistle on lanyard. Overall length: 10″. Weight: 11.2 oz.
Knife King “Snowdown Hunter” Custom Damascus Handmade Hunting Knife
Model Name “Snowdown Hunter” Important Note: When you checkout make sure you are buying from the seller “Knife King” if you want the original top quality item. Buy original item from “Knife King” only. All other sellers are selling fake copies of our knives on this listing. All the good reviews on this knife are earned by knives made in their workshop and some people are trying to take advantage of these good reviews and listing their low-quality copies on our listings. Blade: 4.75-inch handle 4.5 inch. Micarta Handle. Damascus bolsters. Please note sheaths may vary from the pictures. You must be over the age of 18 to buy this item. Comes with a sheath.
- Model Name “Snowdown Hunter”
- No sheath with this knife
- Quality Material Used 15N25 & 1075 Over 200 layers of damascus steel
- Retains sharp edge after rough and tough use
- Razor sharp and rock solid. Hardness 58-60 Hrc on rockwell scale
Fallkniven A2 with Kraton Handle
12 3/4″ overall. 8″ laminate VG-10 stainless bowie blade. Black checkered Kraton handle with visible tang end and lanyard hole. Black leather belt sheath.
ESEE Junglas Blade with Kydex Sheath & Canvas Micarta Handles
ESEE Junglas – Pronounced “Hoonglas” Named After the Colombian Jungla Special Operations Forces. Designed for Latin American jungle and counter-narcotics operations. The knives are made from high carbon 1095 steel. And while 1095 is a top choice for professional cutlery designed for hard use, it will rust and stain if not properly cared for, especially on the cutting edge and around the laser engraving. It is the user’s responsibility to keep the blades properly lubricated and cleaned. We suggest using a dry film rust inhibitor such as TUF-GLIDE or TUF-CLOTH.
Elk Ridge ER-052 Fixed Blade Hunting Knife
The Elk Ridge Fixed Blade Hunting Knife (model ER-052) features a straight edge blade and a pakkawood handle, with a 9-inch overall length. This beautifully crafted fixed blade hunting knife features a 4-1/2-inch, 440 stainless steel Hawksbill style blade with a mirror finish and a double blood groove. Grade 440 stainless steel contains more carbon, giving it excellent hardness and edge retention. The full tang handle features a silver bolster and a pakkawood overlay which makes it a real stand out.
This knife comes complete with a leather sheath for easy and safe carry, ensuring that it’s always by your side when you need it most. This knife comes complete with a leather sheath for easy and safe carry, ensuring that it’s always by your side when you need it most. Designed for true outdoors adventurers, Elk Ridge offers a wide variety of hunting knives, skinners, game sets, machetes, axes, and even gentleman’s knives.
KA-BAR Fighting/Utility Serrated Edge Knife
The Ka-Bar serrated knife is the smart choice for the handyman, hunter or angler who needs dependability and durability in a knife. This full-size black serrated knife has a clip point blade that can be used for filleting a fish or quartering wild game. The partially serrated edge on the Ka-Bar fighting knife makes cutting synthetic and looped material a snap. The full-size black serrated knife features a black Kraton G non-slip handle. A leather sheath is included with the Ka-Bar serrated knife. The Ka-Bar fighting knife will make an ideal gift for almost any avid outdoorsman.
You now know the difference between kitchen knives and hunting knives, and so the next time you go shopping, don’t get them mixed up. If you’re searching for the appropriate hunting knife, check out the ones we have reviewed above.


Mage Tour thru Time: a test of Gnosis against the struggle for Power
Battle Axe of the Wise Barbarian
double sided battle axe
A double sided battle axe with a hollowed tube that shoots 3 projectiles (not at once) but no need to reload.
STR + 5 lethal (9’s again), +2 spellcasting for attack spells, 3 darts that hold 1 syrum (Dex + Firearms +1 + Syrum)


1 edition of Messerschmitt Bf-109 G found in the catalog.
|Statement||Robert Pęczkowski ; [transl. Wojtek Matusiak]|
|Series||Mushroom Model Magazine Special. Yellow Series -- no 6101, Mushroom Model Magazine Special -- no 6101.|
|Contributions||Matusiak, Wojtek, (1967- )., Tł|
|The Physical Object|
|Number of Pages||80|
An invaluable modelers guide to the Bf G and K variations When the Bf was first designed in , by a team led by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser, its primary role was that of a high-speed, short range bomber interceptor. The Bf was also designed to. This book is compilations of the 4-view colour profile, scale plans and photo details of the single variant of the Messerschmitt Bf G Scale plans in 1/72 and 1/48 scales plus drawings from wartime technical manuals. Also photos of the details in B&W and color.
The monograph devoted to the early versions of the Messerschmitt Bf , the most famous WW2 German fighter, discusses its origins and development with coverage of changes made in its first prototypes, A-D variants and their sub-variants. The combat use o. General Info The Messerschmitt Bf G was one of the many german aircrafts that were either bought or given to Italy. The Messerschmitt Bf G was the fastest of the series of multiple Messerschmitt G's produced in Gemany, this is due to the remanufacture of previous G model airframes which made it easier to actually produce since a lot of the equipment was already in use and readily.
This is, by design, a very succinct, almost abrupt book to look through. But there is still a lot of useful information to a modeler within these pages. It is certainly much more of a dedicated airframe reference and much less of a historical treatise. A good one-stop reference on the G-2 version of the Bf, especially in Finnish hands. This book is compilations of the 4-view color profile, scale plans and photo details of the single variant of the Messerschmitt Bf G Scale plans in 1/72 and 1/48 scales plus drawings from wartime technical manuals. Also photos of the details in B&W and color. Category: Crafts & Hobbies Messerschmitt Bf G.
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The Messerschmitt Bf was the backbone of the German Luftwaffe. Versatile, tough and well armored, this nimble fighter was one of the most advanced aircraft of its era.
Yet, even the perfect plane can be improved upon. The G variant was designed with a reinforced wing structure, bulletproof windscreen and additional light-alloy armor/5(4).
Messerschmitt Bf F, G, and K Series: An Illustrated Study Jochen Prien. out of 5 stars Hardcover. $ SAMB SAM Publications - The Messershmitt Bf 'F to K Variants' Lynn Ritger.
out of 5 stars 1. Paperback. $ Luftwaffe in Colour: The Victory Years: –/5(3). Noted Luftwaffe historians Jochen Prien and Peter Rodeike present in this brand new book the Messerschmitt BF F, G and K models.
Over photos - most never published and some in rare color - superb line schemes, and detailed text show the late model "s" development into the superb fighter of legend/5(18). The Messerschmitt Bf was the backbone of the German Luftwaffe.
Versatile, tough and well armoured, this nimble fighter was one of the most advanced aircraft of its era. Yet, even the perfect plane can be improved upon. The G variant was designed with a reinforced wing structure, bullet-proof windscreen and additional light-alloy : Maciej Noszczak. Make Messerschmitt Bf G with DB A Engine your handbook on the classic "Gustav".
Recommended!” Cybermodeler "This is an interesting book full of details that will provide hours of modeling joy for the super detailer, but also to the average modeler and aviation buff alike.
It provides you with a detailed journey from design through to use/5(4). Messerschmitt Bf G by Ron Petrosky. Messerschmitt Bf G Revell's 1/32 scale Bf G-6 is available online from for only $.
Introduction. According to Aero Details book on the G the Revell part (upper). Sadly only available in Finnish, Stenmann's opus is subtitled " Messerschmitt Bf G in the Finnish Air Force" and that sums up nicely what this book is all about.
Larger than A4-format, pages, b/w- and 6 original colour photos, 24 colour plates by Karolina Holda and Thierry Dekker, 32 line drawings in and scales. The most iconic German aircraft of the Second World War, the Messerschmitt Bf was the Luftwaffe’s principal fighter from until when the superior Focke-Wulf Fw came into greater prominence.
The Bf served in every theatre of the. The Messerschmitt Bf was the German World War II fighter aircraft that was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force. The G series, was introduced in mid and benefited from the powerful 1, horsepower DB A engine.
This book describes and illustrates all the famous Bf G variants with the DB A engine. Mersu Messerschmitt Bf G in the Finnish Air Force. LANGUAGE: Finnish: The book looks at the service of the Messerschmitt aircraft in the Finnish Air Force from on.
In the summer ofMersu had a decisive role in combating a major offensive. This book looks at the technology, operational use and a 11 year career within the. Tamiya 1/48 Messerschmitt BF G-6 Plastic Model Airplane Kit.
out of 5 stars $ $ 24 $ $ Get it as soon as Wed, Jul FREE Shipping by Amazon. Audible Listen to Books & Original Audio Performances: Book Depository Books With Free Delivery Worldwide: Box Office Mojo Find Movie Box Office Data.
We don't know about any reviews for this book Messerschmitt Bf G (#5) by Jacek Szymanski. Do you know a review which is not yet listed. Please Login to add it. Related books. We are aware of 10 similar reference publications related to "Messerschmitt Bf ".
Messerschmitt Bf ja saksan sotatalous (Messerschmitt Bf and the German war economy). Helsinki, Finland: Keski-Suomen Ilmailumuseo (Central Finnish Aviation Museum), ISBN Vogt, Harald.
Messerschmitt Bf G/K Rüstsatze. Flugzeug Profile Illertissen, Flugzeug Publikations GmbH. Wagner, Ray and Heinz Nowarra.
Grab Messerschmitt Bf G with DB A Engine from MMP Books. The lavishly illustrated, "Yellow Series" study shoehorns a complete "Gustav" variant primer into copiously illustrated pages: Bf G. Buy Messerschmitt Bf First Edition by Grinsell, Robert (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible s: The Messerschmitt Bf is one of the most recognizable fighter aircraft in history, and this book focuses on the Messerschmitt Bf F and early G models – the Friedrich and Gustav – the workhorses of the German Luftwaffe during the middle years of World War II.
It isn’t everyday we stumble across a barn find quite as remarkable as this Messerschmitt BFor more accurately, this Hispano Aviación HA It isn’t commonly known that the Spaniards built licensed copies of the Messerschmitt from onwards, although they weren’t produced in any significant numbers till after the war due to.
Squadron Books Messerschmitt Bf G Hard Cover Sealed Free Shipping. $ Free shipping. Messerschmitt Bf F/G/K/ Series: An Illustrated Study.
$ shipping: + $ shipping. Messerschmitt BF Manual (Owners' Workshop Manual) by Malcolm Lowe Book. $Seller Rating: % positive. The Messerschmitt Bf G-6 with the original DB Engine. This former Luftwaffe aircraft has Werknummer # and an original Engine DB A with Werk. Messerschmitt Bf G-6 Schwarze 8 Sie wurde von Leutnant Schulte vom Jagdgeschwader 27/I geflogen und wurde leider am Mai bei Matzleinsdorf in der.
• Free decals and masking foilSecond volume of the history of the Messerschmitt Bf G/K which covers the history, design and development as well as technical characteristics. One of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such feature.The Messerschmitt Bf was a German World War II fighter was one of the first true modern fighters of the era, including such features as an all-metal monocoque construction, a closed canopy, and retractable landing Bf was the most produced fighter aircraft during World War II, w examples built during the war, and the most produced fighter aircraft in.F variants.
According to Prien and Rodeike Messerschmitt Bf F, G, & K series. F variants didn't include an F-2/trop, nor were there any F-5s or F-6s mentioned in any of the source material they used; eg: Luftwaffe Loss Reports, and factory and RLM records.
The F-4 reconnaissance variants, which have been called F-5s and F-6s, are listed as.


Extra-Vehicular-Activity-Vehicle. The EVAV is a direct result of the invention of the particle curtain in 2046 which allows highly-charged, low radiation particles to be accelerated and “bent” around a trajectory. Initially used as “raise shields” against conventional and nuclear threats, the Alliance quickly implemented the particle curtain technology into its strike fighter force.
Instead of forcing pilots to don bulky and movement-restrictive “exposure suits” to protect them from space upon ejection, particle curtains were implemented into small thruster units onboard the pilots’ seats. Should a pilot eject, the particle curtain would engage and protect the pilot from the harsh elements of space, impact with objects and even plasma and missile fire from enemy combatants. Although early models lacked the necessary power to keep pilots alive for more than 30 minutes, quick recoveries improved pilot survivability by 124% and the lack of bulky flight suits decreased pilot ejections by 43%.
Over the decades, the power requirements for particle curtains has become insignificant, and a single thruster pack assembly utilizing a tri-ion engine assembly can function for 36 hours nominally.
Given this technology, Alliance Galactic Aviation (AGA) implemented an advanced Artificial Intelligence computer into pilot ejection thruster assemblies combined with a particle curtain. This created the ultimate pilot survivability maximizer: the EVAV. Able to withstand multiple direct plasma and missile hits while giving the pilot the ability to rapidly accelerate toward help, the EVAV’s onboard AI is able to maximize energy usage, rations, communications, perform extensive surgical and field medical procedures en route and improve pilot survivability by over 500%. The EVAV system is the ultimate tool keeping AGA pilots alive and fighting when the worst happens.
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Thursday, October 18, 2007
Mare Island’s October Anniversaries
Mare Island Naval Shipyard was the first U.S. Navy base on the Pacific coast, building more than 500 ships for the Navy and repairing countless thousands of others. Mare Island workers served the nation in both peace and war and set a proud record of service on behalf of the nation.
October marks the anniversary of many significant events in Mare Island’s history. In the years leading up to WWII Mare Island was building and launching submarines at a record pace. That rapid pace continued once the U.S. entered the war in 1941. Four of those wartime subs were launched in October: USS Tuna (October 2, 1940), USS Tinosa (October 7, 1942), USS Trigger (October 22, 1941), and USS Tilefish (October 25, 1943).
After the war, when Mare Island entered the nuclear age, October launchings continued. Mare Island’s first nuclear submarine (and the first nuclear sub built on the West Coast) was launched exactly fifty years ago this month. USS Sargo slid down the launching ways on October 10, 1957 after her ceremonial christening by Mrs. Frank T. Watkins. October was an auspicious month for USS Sargo. The U.S. Navy officially authorized her construction on October 11, 1955 and she was placed in commission on October 1, 1958.
Mare Island eventually built seventeen nuclear submarines for the U.S. Navy. The first ballistic-missile firing nuclear submarine built at Mare Island (USS Theodore Roosevelt) was launched on October 3, 1959. Perhaps the proudest day in Mare Island’s long history came six years later with the launching of the submarine USS Mariano G. Vallejo. That important event took place on October 23, 1965. Patricia Vallejo McGettigan, General Vallejo’s great-great granddaughter, was the ship’s sponsor.
Mare Island’s beautiful historic landmark, St. Peter’s Chapel, held its first religious services in October 1901. Construction of another Mare Island landmark, the U.S. Naval Hospital, commenced on October 12, 1869 with a cornerstone laying ceremony.
In 1863, with the United States embroiled in Civil War, the Russian Navy paid visits to New York City and San Francisco to show support for the Union. The Russian Pacific Squadron arrived at Mare Island on October 25, 1863.
Two other famous Mare Island ships also have October connections – one a beginning and one an ending. The beginning came on October 25, 1916 when a keel-laying ceremony was held to mark the beginning of construction for USS California, the only battleship built on the West Coast. The ending came for Mare Island’s very first ship, the sidewheeler USS Saginaw, when it wrecked on Ocean Island in the Pacific on October 29, 1870.