The Museum held a trebuchet contest this weekend. For anyone who does not know, a trebuchet is a Medieval siege device and a type of catapult. Teams built their own trebuchets and were judged on accuracy, coolness, etc. As usual, I was there to shoot photos.
As a bonus, here are two of the Museum.


Non-negotiable state« Back
During the annual press conference, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov stressed that "the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPA) on the Iranian nuclear program is one of the most important achievements of the world community in terms of stabilizing the situation in the Middle East region".
That is why Russia, China, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, as participants in the "nuclear deal" with Iran, have repeatedly stated to the United States about the need to preserve the JCPA and paid attention to the unpredictable consequences of the termination of this document, including for the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. However, Washington continues its policy of breaking this agreement, unreasonably stating Tehran's violations of its obligations under the treaty, which is not confirmed by the IAEA.
Now the United States is trying to change the content of the JCPA, including, for example, restrictions on the implementation of the Iranian program to improve existing ballistic missiles. Formally, this is indicated in the relevant resolutions of the UN Security Council. But these restrictions were not included in the document by mutual agreement, given the considerable superiority in the combat aviation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the regional rival of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This is also the case with regard to the unofficial nuclear state - Israel. In such conditions, Iran's missile weapon is only an element of deterrence, not the delivery of weapons of mass destruction.
Unacceptable for Iran is the US demand for a significant extension of the validity of the JCPA (Americans even insist on its perpetual character). In Tehran it is rightly noted that this violates the rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a member state of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. This is not in accordance with the IAEA statute.
In the US they say that Iran interferes in the affairs of neighboring countries and the region as a whole, and also violates human rights at home. But this has nothing to do with the "nuclear deal". Nevertheless, the US Congress is developing a new package of financial and economic sanctions against Iran, and the Trump administration requires a significant change in the treaty from its European allies. Otherwise, the Americans are going to withdraw from the "nuclear deal" unilaterally. At the same time, it is forgotten that the JCPA was put into effect by UN Security Council resolution 2231 of July 20, 2015, which is binding for each UN member state. And the United States in this respect is no exception.
Undoubtedly, by its actions, the Trump administration actually destroys the global nuclear non-proliferation regime. If through its fault the "nuclear deal" with Iran breaks, then, firstly, Tehran will resume the implementation of its own nuclear program, which will include not only the production of highly enriched uranium under the pretext of, for example, the creation of nuclear submarines, but also build a heavy water reactor that can serve as a developer of weapons-grade plutonium.
This, in turn, is likely to lead to a nuclear missile and military attack on Iranian nuclear and military targets, possibly even nuclear execution by Israel (some nuclear facilities of the Islamic Republic of Iran, such as the underground uranium enrichment plant in Fordo, cannot be destroyed by conventional means of destruction). The US will be forced to support its ally, which will lead to a regional war with unpredictable consequences.
Secondly, all regional rivals of Iran, including Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt, will consider the issue of creating nuclear weapons and their means of delivery. Now, in this respect, the greatest successes have been achieved in Egypt, where experiments were already conducted with highly enriched uranium and ballistic missiles were created. It is alarming for Turkey to create long-range ballistic missiles, which may in the future involve the installation of nuclear warheads on them.
And Saudi Arabia has enough financial resources to build its own nuclear missile capability or purchase nuclear warheads, for example, in Pakistan. In such conditions, the nuclear non-proliferation regime, at least in the Middle East, will cease to exist.
Thirdly, Pyongyang closely watches how the situation with the Iranian nuclear problem develops. At the same time, from the leader of the DPRK Kim Jong-un, the international community demands stopping the program to create nuclear weapons in exchange for the lifting of international and unilateral sanctions. But that is what constitutes the essence of the "nuclear deal" with Iran.
If the JCPA ceases to exist, North Korea will not have any incentive even to reduce its nuclear-missile potential. After this, no one can exclude the "nuclear domino" process in Northeast Asia (under certain circumstances, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan can follow the way of the DPRK).
Thus, in the short term, the United States will most likely not withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. However, they will continue to provoke Tehran to withdraw from the SVPD by introducing new unilateral financial and economic sanctions against Iran on the pretext of supporting terrorism and implementing the missile program by Iran. Indirectly this will also affect European states, which at some point may partially support Washington in exchange for withdrawing their companies from anti-Iran sanctions.
This will not change the position of either Russia or China on the issue of preserving the treaty, but this is still not enough. Therefore, Moscow, considering the incompetence of Washington, it is necessary to work actively with its European partners (first of all, with Germany and France). The role of Russia, China and European colleagues in this matter will be crucial to the security and economic stability of the entire Middle East, and perhaps the world as a whole.


The GLOCK P80 9mm Pistole 80 revolutionized the gun industry and established the iconic GLOCK brand. Gaston Glock designed his first handgun for the Austrian military pistol trials in 1981. ... With unprecedented success in military applications, the GLOCK P80 was released commercially as the celebrated GLOCK 17. Glock 17 Lower Parts Kit. $ 69.99 $ 59.99. Buy now. — OR —. Add to cart. Category: Glock Lower Parts Tags: glock 17 build kit, Glock 17 lower parts kit, glock lower parts kit, polymer80 pf940v2 build kit. Description. Sep 01, 2020 · After its American debut as the GLOCK 17 in 1986, the simple, yet proven, mechanics and materials have remained mainly the same. The original P80 and Gen1 G17 featured non-railed frames with no finger grooves and wrap around pebble grain texturing. Lipsey’s worked with GLOCK to recreate the Gen1 single pin frame and the original flat extractor.. Black Standard Slide for Glock 19/P80 940c (Gen 3) Rated 5.00 out of 5 $ 140.00 $ 140.00 Add to cart Quick View. Sale! Standard Slide for Glock 26 $ 140.00 $ 125.00 $ 140.00 $ 125.00 Add to cart Quick View. ... Slide for Glock 17 w/ RMR Cut – RAW $ 150.00 $ 150.00 Add to cart Quick View. Assembled Standard Slide For Glock 17 $ 229.99 $ 229.99. This rail is a replacement for the P80 9/40 rails and made right here in the USA out of laser cut and precision stamped 304 stainless steel. Depending on your build you may need to modify this rail a skosh but it generally should drop in and get you rolling. Disambiguation: This is for use in the Polymer 80 Glock 17/22, 19/23 and 26/27 builds.


Compliant with both category A and B firearm regulations. This Steel Gun Safe from Sandleford stores up to 20 guns. It includes a separate, completely lockable ammo box, floor carpet and floor mounting bolts for additional security.
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Shot Show 2014
Think back to when you were a new shooter, maybe attending your first Girl's Night Out at the range, and you were told to just pick up some ammo at your local sporting goods store and head out to the range, we would have a gun waiting there for you to borrow. The most stressful part is looking at shelf after shelf with boxes of ammo with different grain weight, power factor, velocity, FMJ or Defensive; which one do you get to do target shooting? Then at some point you decide you are ready for concealed carry, now have to start over again with what ammo to buy to defend your life... and you hear it will be more powerful than your practice ammo and beware of the recoil. Winchester has answered these questions and made it extremely easy for any handgun owner to pick up practice rounds for the range and transition seamlessly to defensive rounds you carry everyday.


To conclude the current round of WW2 Air and Naval Warfare, a nice simple sea battle beckoned. The Battle of the River Plate was always on the 'to do' list so I decided now would be a good time to tick this one off.
The ships used are 1/3000 scale from Navwar and General Quarters 3 rules used. The first sighting of Graf Spee was at a little over 20,000 yards, which at 1cm = 100 yards was just a little longer than the 6' (180cm) table I had planned to use. One turn of movement at a little over cruising speed would have brought them within my 18,000 yard limitation.
I therefore started the game on move 2 and gave the main batteries of Graf Spee one turn of fire before starting the game proper.
So this was the situation just prior to the salvo from Graf Spee. I decided to start the game using something approaching the tactics within the actual battle which seemed the most logical move to make. On the right the Ajax (left) and Achilles break away from Exeter to split Graf Spee's fire.
Graf Spee's opening salvo on Exeter proved to be extremely accurate knocking out 'A' turret and a hull box.
The next turn saw all ships accelerating towards each other.
Exeter and Ajax opened fire on Graf Spee but failed to score any hits.
The Exeter was not so lucky. Two more hits knocked out a 4" gun turret but more importantly suffered damage to Engineering reducing it's speed.
With only its forward turret able to fire on Exeter, the Graf Spee fired its aft 11" turret on Ajax along with its port 5.9" batteries but no hits were scored.
Ajax and Achilles had to close the distance rapidly to enable their 6" guns to penetrate Graf Spee's armour. Here Ajax takes the lead continually accelerating as Achilles moves to take position astern.
In the damage control phase, the Exeter successfully repaired the engineering damage returning to full speed.
Ajax finds itself on the receiving end of Graf Spee's fire but again escapes unscathed.
Exeter fires a salvo which proves to be it's last as 11" shells, already in the air, pour down on and around the vessel. Both it's remaining 8" turrets are destroyed leaving just it's port 4" turret still operational. Almost in an act of desperation, Exeter empties it's 3 starboard torpedo tubes all of which miss.
Exeter's 8" shells rain down on Graf Spee knocking out another 5.9" turret.
Ajax leading Achilles race towards Graf Spee at their maximum speed of 32 knots. With Exeter silenced, Graf Spee turns its attention towards Ajax knocking out it's port 4" gun mount and a hull box.
Ajax and Achilles have dramatically closed the gap and are now in effective 6" gun range. A fact not lost on Graf Spee who again hits Ajax destroying 'Y' turret and 2 more hull boxes.
Ajax and Achilles take maximum advantage of being in armour penetrating range of their 6" guns and use rapid fire to target Graf Spee. Their fire proved devastatingly accurate knocking out both 11" turrets and the remaining 5.9" turrets. Graf Spee had effectively been disarmed. It failed a subsequent morale test meaning it would attempt to break off contact and head for home.
I finished the game at this point. Although only the Achilles was in a good enough condition to pursue the Graf Spee, the latter would have been hopelessly outgunned. I declared this to be a victory for the Royal Navy.
On reflection, the Graf Spee should have done its best to maintain its distance from Ajax and Achilles using its heavier 11" guns to pick them off at long range. I underestimated how damaging the 6" guns could have been when in effective range. Not so much the calibre but more the number of barrels being brought to bear. 16 to Graf Spee's 6. That was partially cancelled out by the increased amount of damage an 11" shell causes compared to 6".
The game lasted 6 turns. A brief but enjoyable action.


NO BUT YOU ALL NEED TO UNDERSTAND HOW FUNNY THIS IS THEYRE LITERALLY FILLING A ROBOT WITH BULLETS, LIKE BULLETS THAT YOU FIRE FROM A GUN. NOW NORMALLY FIRING A GUN TRIGGERS THE BULLET TO EXPLODE CREATING A PRESSURE THAT CAUSES THE TIP OF THE BULLET TO BE FORCED OUT OF THE BARREL AT A HIGH SPEED.
WHaT CAVE JOHNSON’S TURRET’S DO IS LOAD A TON OF FUCKING BULLETS INTO THE CASE OF THE SENTRY LIKE IT”S A GODDAMN GUMBALL MACHINE AND THEN USE A FUcKIN SPRING LOADED PISTON TO FIRE IT THAT IS SO UNNECESSARY AND INEFFECTIVE LIKE NO WONDER CHELL CAN RESIST SO MANY BULLETS THE LIKELIHOOD ITD CAUSE ANYTHING MORE THAN A BAD BRUISE IS LIKE ONE IN A HUNDRED
Its fucking aperture science. That one spring probably contains the force of a super nova or something…Also a bullet is whats fired when you shoot a gun. A cartridge is what you load into a gun which has the case, bullet, gun powder, primer..if you really want to get technical with this.


Single-Point Double Bungee Rifle Sling with Snap-On Clip
The single-point, double bungee sling is constructed of high-density Nylon webbing material tested to hold up to 150 lbs. It features a steel clip, multiple lengths for greater mobility and weight adjustment. This sling is best suited for close-body carry and easy weapon handling. It is great for use with light rifles and can also be used for MilSim airsoft. The sling has a length adjustment from 20 to 30 inches and weighs four ounces.
Established in 2010, TacFire offers an extensive line of sporting goods ranging from riflescopes, red dots, flashlights, iron sights, mounts and much more. They serve the needs of their consumers by offering their wide variety of accessories for many different firearm platforms. When you need dependable firearms equipment that you can count on when you need it most, you can trust in TacFire.
Sling Features and Specifications:
- Manufacturer Number: SL001B
- Tested to Hold up to 150 lbs
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Fits: Any Sling-Loop Style Attachment


applications. The company has engineered a directed high energy laser countermeasure (operating in the megawatt realm) which will
rewrite warfare. This system will eliminate the immediate threat of nuclear and biochemical weapons of mass destruction to the United
States. The operating parameters will achieve radical dimensions that ballistic missiles (dinosaur technology) can not begin to orchestra.
The United States does not at present have the technology to prevent a nuclear attack. The current instability in the Middle East and
the proliferation of fanatical terrorist throughout the world bodes for an ominous future. An effective weapon system must be quickly
developed as a countermeasure before the next Cold War.
“U.S. DIA officials believe that Israel not only surreptitiously obtained restricted U.S. technology in the THEL program, but
also transferred that technology to China. Of particular concern to DIA have been reports from U.S. contract employees working
in Israel who saw Chinese technicians “working secretly with one of the Israeli companies involved in the laser weapon
program,” an unnamed U.S. official told The Washington Times”}. The secondary problem exists in our own borders. A number
of nuclear weapons strategically placed throughout the US would permanently cripple the US against attacks on our borders.
Terrorists have already infiltrated the US borders with nuclear weapons or plots to construct the nukes within our borders.
“According to captured al-Qaida leaders and documents, the plan is called the "American Hiroshima" and involves the multiple
detonation of nuclear weapons already smuggled into the U.S. over the Mexican border with the help of the MS-13 street gang
and other organized crime groups”. February 8, a London-based Arab newspaper, Al-Hayat, reported that in 1998, in Kandahar,
Afghanistan, al-Qaeda had bought nuclear weapons from Ukraine using the services of a Ukrainian scientist, whose first name
was Viktor. Multiple news sources immediately linked this story to the 1997 statement by the late General Alexander Lebed,
who claimed that a special commission established by the Russian government in 1996 could not account for about 100
portable nuclear devices (commonly known as "nuclear suitcases"). It would not be feasible to round up all of the terrorists
within our borders or outside US borders; the development and construction of a weapon that has the attributes to not only
eliminate the immediate threat, but destroy the threat all together.
Current weapon systems destroy the on board electronics or create stress cracks on the ballistic missiles; but none of the weapon
systems of today completely destroy the missile with its radioactive element or chemical solution, and do not have the capability for
containing the detonation along with its side effects. What makes this problem difficult is the ability to act immediately. The only true
countermeasure would be a weapon system that can react at a much higher speed (quadrillion oscillations) than the ballistic missile
itself, and have the ability to create a heat source exponentially higher. The United States is still vulnerable to a nuclear attack!
The Bulava intercontinental ballistic missile program was the driving force that established the framework for AEC1993
countermeasure . The countermeasure that AEC has engineered has the attribute to encapsulate and incinerate the ICBM before or after
re-entry phase. The proprietary technologies incorporated in the countermeasure platform enables a means to eliminate the immediate
threat of radiation and capture energy waves spectrum associated with a forced denotation. Below are the operating parameters for the
Bulava ICBM threat.
Reported technical specifications of the Bulava missile:
Number of stages 3 (two solid boosters and a liquid upper stage)
Total length with warhead and launch canister 12.1 meters
Length of the launch canister 12.1 meters
Length without a warhead 11.5 meters*
Maximum diameter without stabilizers, raceways and protruding elements 2 meters
Maximum diameter of the launch canister without protruding elements 2.1 meters
Launch weight 36.8 tons
Accuracy 350 meters
Total mass 36 tons
Payload 1.15 tons
Number of warheads 6-10
Warhead yield 1-1.5 megaton each
Range 8,000 kilometers
Length 3.8 meters
Diameter 2 meters
Weight fully loaded 18.6 tons
*the number is most likely inaccurate, since it leaves only 0.6 meters for the length of the warhead.
Bulava development and production team:
Prime developer MIT, Moscow
Stage I prime developer; Stage II and III movable nozzle extensions NPO Iskra, Perm
Mass production Votkinsk machine-building plant
"PUSHING THE THRESHOLDS OF HADRONIC MATTER AND MANIPULATING THE MAGNETIC FIELDS"


Fort Scratchley – the defender of Sydney Harbour
Swoosh…Swoosh…Swoosh…enemy shells going overhead, fired from a submarine off the coast.
The date is 8th June, 1942.
A gun flashed out at sea. The shell missed the Observation Post and exploded in Parnell Place, Newcastle. Fort Scratchley’s two 6-inch guns returned the fire. Around twenty-four rounds were fired this night.
The bombarding vessel was identified as Submarine I-21. It had a surface speed of 23.6 knots, mounted one 5.5-inch gun and six 21-inch torpedo tubes and equipped to carry a sea-plane.
This was the first time Australian land defences engaged a Japanese submarine and are the only coastal guns in New South Wales ever used in combat.
Fort Scratchley has concluded its role as a guardian of our shores, and is now part of the National Estate and of our history.
Newcastle is located two hours north of Sydney and is a picturesque city with many tourist sites. Fort Scratchley can be found off Nobbys Road, Newcastle East NSW 2300, right near the iconic Nobbys headland.Step back in time for a seafaring tradition
Fort Scratchley has reinstated the time honoured seafaring tradition of firing a gun at 1pm to coincide with the Customs House time ball drop.
The time ball and gun firing at precisely 1pm was used in ports around the world in the 19th century to allow sea captains to adjust their navigation instruments.
Newcastle is one of the very few ports that has the capability of firing a gun in tandem with the drop of a time ball.Guided tours are led by Fort Scratchley Historical Society volunteers with a wealth of knowledge about the site.
www.newcastle.nsw.gov.au/fort-scratchley The benefit of belonging to Parramatta & District Historical Society is the opportunity to experience tours of historic places.
Further reading: www.convicttrail.org


Old Personal Work.
It's medieval history with a slight twist. A sister knight of the Holy Roman Empire kneels focused and calm before an assault. She is holding a poleaxe, the favored weapon of foot knights of the 14th and 15th century. Not as glamorous as a sword but its versatile and lethal against other knights and armored opponents. Think can-opener.


HMS Northumberland monitors undeclared submarine activity, and protects the UK’s nuclear deterrent, among other roles.
The ship’s chaplain, Reverend Dr Louisa Pittman, told the BBC that the four-month deployment has been tough and unusual.
The BBC joined her and the crew on board.
Watch The Submarine Hunters on BBC iPlayer now
Reporter: Claire Jones
Video Journalist: Alex Dackevych


Bullets for pnewmatic weapons, a vast choice of airguns
PKF Kvintor LLC is a supplier of airguns and has its own production facilities making it possible to manufacture bullets for pneumatic weapons, targets and equipment for shooting ranges. Also, our company supplies the following items on favourable terms:
- Air rifles and pistols;
- Optic sights, target markers and other accessories;
- spare parts and weapons care;
- full-size replicas of assault rifles and rifles used in wartime.
You can buy pellets for exciting outdoor vacations, training sessions, shooting exercises or sports competitions in the office or in the online store. The quality of our products satisfies the demand of both amateurs and professional athletes. Using modern casting and stamping technologies allows to produce bullets showing amazing results in shooting.
The fruitful work of experienced designers and technologists of the company over new samples of bullets made it
possible to produce pneumatic bullets of more than 15 kinds. The bullet modernization process is ensured by a detailed analysis of the requirements of masters of sports in shooting.
Airgun bullets – wholesale from the manufacturer
The company offers to buy goods in bulk. Buy an air gun or other weapons in the required quantity at affordable cost. We welcome wholesale orders, are glad to cooperate with companies and create favorable conditions for joint work. When buying bullets in unit loads, customers are offered significant discounts.
One can profitably buy an air rifle and other weapons models with a set of necessary bullets, specially designed and
manufactured to obtain excellent results in shooting. Company stockpiles of bullets grant an uninterrupted operation of a network of shooting ranges or retail stores.
Retail air guns
Our air gun shop provides an opportunity to purchase products on convenient terms at retail. Buyers are offered popular models of pistols and rifles, as well as bullets for pneumatic weapons of our own production. Even a strict client can easily select the necessary air guns and acquire the right amount of bullets. Clients are provided with professional advice.
With the bullets we offer it is easy to perform accurate shots and provide record results. .177 air guns are represented by amateur and professional versions both for competitions and for training and entertainment. Our production range allows you to select the right pneumatic weapon.
Favorable cooperation with Kvintor
The company is constantly working to create comfortable conditions for cooperation and provides consumers with many advantages over competitors:
- due to our own warehouse, the .177 (4.5 mm) bullets and other goods we offer are available in a wide
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school institutions to save on packaging when ordering an individual batch of goods;
- daily work to improve products and enhance the ballistic quality of the bullets allows us to regularly
offer customers new options with improved performance parameters


What happened here recently?
Anglekite campaign (00:22)
What should I be on the lookout for?
Codex - Crystal (10:35)
What here is not what it appear to be?
Giving player characters hold to ask questions (15:09)
What here is useful or valuable to me?
Three Magic Swords (24:39)
What is about to happen?
Our ongoing comic strip AP featuring the story of St. Evelyn the White (29:48)
Breaking bread (30:35)
Follow us on Twitter @GauntletRPG
This longsword is crafted with a bronze pommel and has runes etched across the finely weighted blade. The runes, which are rubbed with bronze powder, indicate this was the weapon of the seventh Lord Helgar, Praetor (who was known by the nickname “The Salamander”). When drawn from its scabbard, a lick of flame leaps from the Salamander’s blade. When the first blow you deliver in a battle from the Salamander immediately follows drawing the sword from its scabbard deal +1D4 damage from fire.
Sword of St. Murienne
St. Murienne is a hero from the Age of Occlusion who went to battle with the Yuan-ti and their serpent god, Tlaloc. For this task, she forged a sword that not only struck fear into the hearts of serpents, but also allowed her to summon and ride one of the race of magical beasts most despised by the snake men, the gryphons.
The bearer of the Sword of St. Murienne cannot be approached by mundane snakes. Magical serpents (and serpent-like creatures) will be enraged by the sword and will attack its bearer in a wild and reckless manner. Additionally, when you hold the sword aloft and say a prayer to Auran, the God of Righteous Battle, roll +CHA. On a 10+, a gryphon will arrive by your side almost immediately and give you aid in battle or see you to safety. *On a 7-9, the gryphon will only assist momentarily. *On a 6-, Auran finds you wanting.
The Criaxis Bane
A fine sword with long, green and yellow silk ribbons tied to the handle. The Criaxis Bane is a magical weapon. When the true name of Criaxis is spoken while grasping the sword in your hand, the demon lord will appear before you. If you slay Criaxis with the sword, mark 1 XP.


President Obama's new position on nuclear weapons is insane.
Gone are the days when everything was on the table. The new position of not using nuclear weapons except in retalliation to nuclear attack or against rogue states is insane. Consider the huge numbers of countries that have the operational capacity to attack the US but are not part of the Nuclear Club that are now emboldened. Canada, for instance. On April 6, the same day that the Nuclear Posture Review was available to the public, the Canadian Dollar surged past the US dollar for the first time since 2008 - and this time it wasn't on the strength of $120 per barrel oil.
With a single document following-up on a quadrenniel review of defense capabilities, the possibility of surgical nuclear first strikes or nuclear retaliation to unfavourable WTO dispute resolutions are gone. Clearly Obama's Secretary of Defense is totally insane. Only the most leftist president of all time could have nominated this communist pinko tree-hugging activist to the position.
And to add injury to even more injury to the once magnificent monument that was US nuclear overpowerment - a new bilateral arms reduction treaty with Russia. Notice that "outlier states" such as Iran and North Korea aren't part of this treaty - they won't have to reduce their stockpiles of warheads. Now any country that wishes can simply build and field 1,550 operational nuclear warheads and have a larger arsenal than the US.
Even worse, for the first time in histroy , this treaty provides a means to validate and verify warhead counts. Including things like site inspections and shared telemetry. Insanity. What good is nuclear deterrance if you can't hide secret stockpiles from your rivals?
With Obama's removal of unilateral nuclear aggression from the table, there isn't much left to feast upon. Sure the United States fields the most advanced an powerful military force in the world, spending as much on defense as the rest of the top 15 nations combined. And sure the "tactical" uses for nuclear weapons such as bunker busting and overwehlming displays of power can abe met with existing conventional devices in the Massiv Ordnance family, but the sheer destructive power of nukes is not even close to being matched by anything short of sustained fire-bombing of a city - and that it is the height of barbarous inhumanity to defend nuclear weapons on the basis that they are efficient at wiping out major population centres. Still, giving them up is pure insanity.


SHEPHARD: Czech Mi-17s to receive AMPS upgrade
BIRD Aerosystems is to upgrade and improve Airborne Missile Protection Systems (AMPS) it had previously provided to the Czech Air Force, under a contract worth an undisclosed amount. The missile protection system is installed on Czech Mi-17 helicopters (pictured) and has been operationally deployed in conflict zones, including Afghanistan …Read more
DefenceWeb: African presidential Boeing 737 gets missile protection system
Israel’s Bird Aerosystems has delivered its Airborne Missile Protection Systems (AMPS) to a VIP customer in Africa, which will protect a presidential Boeing 737 aircraft.
BIRD Aerosystems has successfully trialled its Ocean Surveillance Control and Reconnaissance solution OSCAR in Africa. During the trial, the OSCAR system was operated for a customer in Africa, and applied machine-learning algorithms on real-time maritime data sources such as satellite and terrestrial AIS, satellite SAR/EO/IR, LRIT, coastal radars and tactical sensors used to detect, analyse and prioritise suspicious vessels. Read more


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Main / Finance / The shooting range 2
The shooting range 2
Name: The shooting range 2
File size: 954mb
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Martial Arts is a form combat practiced for many reasons like self-defense, physical and mental health, military purpose, law, and enforcement, etc. are done world wide. The Martial Arts are said to be dominant in the eastern Asia, but there are some roots from Europe too in the early fifteen hundreds. The Martial arts can be health and spiritually oriented. There are many weapons used in Martial arts, but the belief is that the best weapon is our mind. If we keep our mind focused, then our body is in our control, and we can defend ourselves.
Some of the best weapons used for Martial Arts are:
- Two Hook Swords.
- Bo Staff
- Kusari Fundo.
Katana is also known as Samurai Sword. The Sword is said to be one of the best weapons used in Martial Arts. The katana has a long blade, and at the bottom of the blade, there is a hand grip where you can hold the Katana while you are fighting. The hand grip has enough space so that you can use both hands to hold the Katana. The blade uses to build the katana is extremely sharp and long enough to strike the perfect hit. It takes lots of practice, skill and concentration to use the Katana.
The Nunchakus have a straightforward design; it is made up of two wooden handles which are connected by a chain or thread. The Nunchakus might look very simple, and the design is fundamental, but it is challenging to master the art using the Nauchakus. The Nunchakus called as Tabak Toyok are very sharp. This weapon became very popular as the actor/Material artist Bruce Lee was a master at using the Nauchakus.
Two Hook Swords:
The two hook swords are very sharp and have a broad range of blades utilized in the Sword. The blade is very sharp and has a hook at the end. This weapon originated in China. The main components of the sword are the back, used as a regular sword, and then there is the hook which is used to trap the enemies and to snatch the weapons from the enemy. The hook sword also has a crescent guard used for blocking and defending them.
The Bo Staff originated in Japan. The weapon is usually used to defend attack and also disarm the opponent. The weapon is a long piece of wood, the wood is a flexible one, and the wood gets taken from either red or white Oak tree. Sometimes wood is made from bamboo, pine, etc.
The Kusari Fundo is a weapon which consists of a 12-inch chain with weights at the ends of the chains. The weights at the end of the strings are about 3 inches. This weapon also originated from Japan. It is a self-defense weapon which you can keep in a concealed way.


Taken From Surviving History Books
In the years before the attempted invasion of Earth by the Kelgarons, Starfighters were the paranoid offspring of the United States government. They were a small elite fighter group based in outer space. Their mission was to defend the Earth from possible hostile aliens and any other type of threat from outer space.
The Starfighters at that time were made up of three squadrons. A squadron of Starfighters was stationed on two of the three Star Bases under construction and on board the Galactic Enterprise. The two Star Bases carried ten ships, eight fighters and two bombers. The Galactic Enterprise only had room for six fighters along with its own support spacecraft.
In 2043 the Starfighters proved their worth by destroying an asteroid the size of Rhode Island. The mission was both a failure and a success. Everything that could go wrong did. Six spacecraft each carrying two bombs were sent to intercept the asteroid. In theory, each bomb could have destroyed the asteroid by itself. Because there was some doubt, it was decided to send several more bombs just in case things went wrong. Things went wrong. The debris field around the asteroid proved almost impenetrable. All the spacecraft were severely damaged trying to reach the asteroid.
On the second attempt three of the Starfighters’ ships were destroyed. Leaking fuel and oxygen, one of the Starfighters made a head-
The first Starfighter got in, launched his bombs, and got out again. Both of the bombs hit their target and exploded. When the smoke cleared they appeared to have almost no visible effect on the asteroid. The remaining Starfighter placed himself in the path of the asteroid. He waited for the asteroid to come to him giving him time to study the asteroid very carefully. For 33 hours he paced the asteroid before he gunned his engines using up what little fuel he had left. What images there were of the event show the Starfighter appear to impact the asteroid’s surface. Several tense seconds passed before the asteroid blew apart. It was surmised that the Starfighter somehow found a way to fly his ship inside the asteroid before releasing his bombs.
His ship leaking life-


For those who love hunting or target shooting, having the right rifle is essential. Besides the rifle itself, the rifle must also have the right accessories. Therefore, you should find the best laser sight for your rifle especially if you want to become competent in hunting or target shooting.
If this is your first time buying a laser sight, keep in mind that research is a must before you make your decision. This is particularly true if you’re in search of the best green laser for ar 15. On that note, below is a list of some of the factors to put into consideration when looking for laser sights.
To start with, you need to consider the size of the laser sight. Keep in mind that finding the right size is paramount. For instance, if you pick a laser sight that is too big, it will be challenging to hold your aim. Moreover, a laser sight that is too big might put too much weight on your rifle. On the other hand, a laser sight that is too small might not be able to withstand your rifle’s recoil.
Next, it is essential to consider the color when buying a laser sight. Although a red laser is cheaper, experts recommend buying green laser due to several positive reasons. For instance, a green laser is suitable in low light conditions since our eyes can easily notice it. Moreover, a green laser is more powerful compared to a red laser because it has a brighter light. Therefore, your reach is farther with green lasers.
One more vital factor to consider when buying a laser sight is battery life. Obviously, you need to choose a laser sight with excellent battery life. However, the longevity of your battery really depends on how you use your rifle. For instance, your battery will not last long if you’re in a low light condition because you’re expected to max up the brightness of your laser sight.
Besides the laser sight itself, you also need to consider the additional accessories that you can mount on your rifle. For instance, a tactical flashlight can be of great help, especially when hunting at night. Think about other products that you can mount on your rifle to improve your experience.
Make sure that you consider the factors mentioned above when shopping for laser sights. Furthermore, it is highly recommended to search for blogs that focus on gun accessories. This way, you will gain extra information that might help you come up with the right decision.


Finally, India has officially been declared as a part of MTCR (Missile Technology Control Regime), a move which will highly enhance its potential to export missiles, giving a large boost to the endemic defense sector.
The aim of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, complete rocket systems, unmanned air vehicles and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500 kilogram payload for at least 300 kilometers, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
Since India’s civil nuclear deal with the US, it has been trying to get into export control regimes like NSG, MTCR, the Australia Group and the Wassenaar Arrangement that regulate the conventional, nuclear, biological and chemicals weapons and technologies.
Though, China stonewalled India’s entry into the 48-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), yet India’s MTCR entry results in approval and China, itself is not a part of the MTCR.
The MTCR Point of Contact in Paris has conveyed the decision regarding India’s accession to the regime through the French Embassy in New Delhi as well as the Embassies of The Netherlands and Luxembourg, an MEA statement said.
India had applied for the MTCR membership last year and its application was under consideration as a silent procedure which turned out well without any objection from any of the countries.
MTCR membership will enable India to buy high-end missile technology and also enhance its joint ventures with Russia, in which the two countries have made the world’s fastest supersonic cruise missile (the Brahmos) and are planning to sell it a third country. This development would make India a significant arms exporter for the first time.


This is the first article in this blog where I deal with military matters pertaining to global security. Readers may wonder what UFO/UAP has to do with these issues. They definitely have something to do with it, as we shall see, and it is something that must be known as it affects the security not of one state or another, but that of all mankind, in short it is truly a global security issue.
The category of weaponry that goes by the name of Hypersonic Missiles (HM), had already been under development for several years. Nowadays it has reached a certain maturity and some operational applications of the concept are beginning to be deployed, and used.
Hypersonic Missiles are a category of missiles capable of flying at speeds of Mach 5 or greater, that is, at least five times the speed of sound.
There are two broad categories of Hypersonic Missiles: gliding and powered.
The former is propelled to high altitude and accelerated to hypersonic speed by a vector rocket, then released to glide through the atmosphere at speeds exceeding Mach 5.
The latter is propelled to the same general level of hypersonic speed for the whole duration of the flight by a special jet engine, called SCRAMJET.
In addition to hypersonic speed, the two categories of missiles share the capacity of maneuvering during flight.
In this article we will look at the characteristics of Hypersonic Missiles (HM) and what they have in common with Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena (UAPs) and see why these similarities are definitely important.
- A disruptive technology
Hypersonic Missiles are the latest development in the field of missiles.
We have seen that the most important aspect of HMs is their very high speed. Furthermore, unlike the older InterContinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs), they fly at lower altitudes, follow intrinsically non-easily-predictable flying paths and are capable of maneuvering through the flight. These characteristics make them a threat which is extremely difficult to counter for any existing anti-missile system.
- Dangerous similarities
Let us now see what UAPs and HMs have in common and why these common aspects are of significance.
First of all, speed. The speed of which UAPs are known to be capable is equivalent to those of hypersonic missiles.
Second, the flight path profile. Unlike intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), hypersonic missiles as well as UAPs do not follow easily predictable ballistic trajectories.
Third, the ability to maneuver in flight. Like UAPs, and unlike ICBMs, HMs are capable of maneuvering during flight, typically to evade interception. UAP’s ability to maneuver has long been known and is widely established.
Finally, size. Many are the UAP accounts making state of 'craft' the size of a dozen meters, similar to those of HMs.
A Russian MiG-31 fighter jet releases a new Kinzhal hypersonic missile during a test against a disused warship. (Picture: AP)Furthermore, the typical unpredictability of UAPs’ behavior combined with the extremely limited time allowed for the process of detection, identification, evaluation and reaction to an incoming HM compound with the effect of further increasing the risk.
All this implies the concrete possibility that one UAP, or a formation thereof, may be mistaken for incoming enemy HMs with catastrophic consequences.
A B-52H bomber carrying the experimental X-51 Waverider vehicle. (Source: USAF)
As we have seen, the risk posed by hypersonic missiles per se is such that it is not limited to affecting the national security of individual states, but goes so far as to involve global security. The similarities between hypersonic missiles and UAPs further complicate the situation, with the effect of increasing the overall level of risk.
In the seventies, an international treaty was signed by the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The two superpowers agreed to “undertake to notify each other immediately in the event of detection by missile warning systems of unidentified objects, or in the event of signs of interference with these systems or with related communications facilities, if such occurrences could create a risk of outbreak of nuclear war between the two countries”.
The International Treaty no. 11509 where the USSR and USA agree on measures to reduce risk of outbreak of nuclear war with an explicit mention of UAP at Art. 3 (Source: UN international treaties database)
Today, UAPs continue to roam the skies of the planet, and in addition to remaining valid, the concerns that in 1971 led to the signing of Treaty No. 11509 are exacerbated by the presence of HMs.
There is the urgent necessity of diplomatic actions to set up agreements to mitigate the risk to global security posed by the proliferation of these weapons and, as it happened in 1971, there is the necessity of including the UAP phenomenon in the calculus.
In parallel, an open, international scientific study of the phenomenon must be enacted, because in such a potentially dangerous situation it is more important than ever to know as much as possible on it. Specifically, studies should focus on developing a way to reliably distinguish manifestations of the UAP phenomenon from HMs.
After more than 75 years the UAP phenomenon is still mysterious, and while it has never manifested any hostile attitudes of its own, in today’s context it could have nefarious consequences. But it’s not UAPs that are to blame for that.
The Boeing X-51 Waverider US prototype of hypersonic missile. (Source: US Air Force)
Ballistic Reentry Vehicle (RV) Versus Hypersonic Gliding Vehicles (HGV) Trajectories (source: Rand report)
According to a 2017 report from the National Security Research Division of RAND : “The proliferation of such missiles beyond the United States, Russia, and China could result in other powers compressing their response timelines in ways that set their strategic forces on hair-trigger states of readiness — such as a strategy of ‘launch on warning’. And such proliferation could enable such states to more credibly threaten attacks on major powers. “
The scenario depicted in RAND’s report is further complicated by the fact that while the ICBMs only carry nuclear warheads, HMs can carry conventional as well as nuclear warheads, making impossible for the early warning systems personnel to assess the nature of the threat heading towards them.
Thus, a nuclear counterattack triggered by an attack conducted with one or more hypersonic missiles is not an out-of-the-ordinary possibility, even in the case where the attacking hypersonic missiles are non-nuclear.
A further complicating factor is that while ICBMs were limited to two superpowers entangled in a tug-of-war of Mutually Assured Destruction, hypersonic missiles are already in the possession of the world's major powers and are currently the subject of active and advanced research by many other states, like India, Australia and North Korea just to name a few, while many others have manifested an interest in it.
The RAND report concludes that ‘The world would be safer if the proliferation of hypersonic missiles was strongly hindered’.
Moreover, the development of submarine-launched hypersonic missiles would raise the potential threat of – and even entice someone to carry out – a ‘decapitation strike’, thanks to the combination of the inherent stealth of nuclear-powered submarines, speed of HMs, their capacity to carry nuclear warheads and the difficulty to react and counter their threat.


Glock 04 When compared to Glock 22 During 9mm Renovation
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Improved Articles or blog posts With Handguns
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dirk n : a long dagger with a straight blade
- Rhymes: -ɜː(r)k
- To stab with a dirk.
- To stab with a dirk.
Dirk is a Scots word for a long dagger; sometimes a cut-down sword blade mounted on a dagger hilt, rather than a knife blade. The word dirk could have possibly derived from the Gaelic word sgian dearg (red knife). It may also have been a corruption of the Low German terms Dulk or Dolk. The shift from dearg [ˈdƷʲɛrəg] to dirk [dʌrk] is very minimal.
In Bronze Age and Iron Age Scotland and Ireland, the dirk was actually considered to be a sword. Its blade length and style varied, but it was generally 7-14 inches. Scottish Dirks can range from less than 6 inches to around 20-25 inches. However, the blades of Irish versions often were as much as 21 inches in length.
Cultural importanceIn medieval Scotland, the dirk was a backup to the broadsword, and was wielded by the left hand while the shield was carried on the arm. Dirks were used to swear an oath upon in Celtic cultures. After the Battle of Culloden, the British government troops were aware that the Highlanders normally swore on their dirks, so, to prevent future uprisings or rebellions against the throne, they made them swear an oath never to "possess any gun, sword, or pistol, or to use tartan:
Nearly every Scottish male at the time of the oath had a dirk. The dirk was small and was carried everywhere the owner went. The dirk was worn in plain view suspended from a belt at the waist.
Another shorter dagger tucked into a coat sleeve or stocking as part of Highland dress is known as a Sgian Dubh, derived from the arm pit dagger or sgian achlias. To this day, a real or false dirk is sometimes worn as a part of traditional Scottish costume.
In addition to these traditional weapons, other styles of dirk were worn by European and American forces on land and sea. Easier to carry than swords, dirks gained favor as lighter side arms among many military and naval officers during the 17th through 19th centuries. In some navies, they continued to be worn by midshipmen and cadets well into the 20th century. Numerous examples of naval dirks have survived from the earlier age of sail, some with histories of use during naval engagements. Most naval dirks were worn primarily on dress occasions, however, and consequently although attractive many were not designed for use in battle.
Naval and other dirks were commonly made with either double-edged or single-edged blades, and there was no standard blade configuration. Reference books covering naval dirks invariably show the popularity of both blade types. As a consequence, historically there were about as many naval dirks mounting single-edged blades as those with double-edged blades. Some dirks have single-edged blades that also have a false edge near the tip, a feature that could be useful in a backcut.
Other uses of dirk as a weapon are
In the USA, dirk is a word used in the knife laws of several states. While it generally means any double-edged knife, the legal meaning may vary from state to state.
dirk in German: Dirk (Messer)
dirk in Lithuanian: Dirkas
dirk in Dutch: Dolk
dirk in Polish: Dirk (broń)
dirk in Russian: Кортик


Case Study: Improvised Explosive Devices
Improvised explosive devices (IED) are a huge problem for British soldiers serving in Afghanistan. These explosive devices have been a major cause of casualties. The hunt is on for new technologies that can tackle this threat.
Oxford Machine Intelligence is currently looking at ways of applying neural network and other complementary pattern recognition techniques to the problem of detecting improvised explosive devices from ground penetrating radar (GPR) mounted on an unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV).
Airborne vehicles will scan for improvised explosive devices using ground penetrating radar. The radar signals will be analysed by sophisticated pattern recognition software. Such unmanned airborne vehicles could provide instant warnings and a precise fix on the location of suspected explosive devices.
The problem of identifying the presence of landmines and improvised explosive devices from ground penetrating radar signals is notoriously difficult. The challenge is to reliably detect improvised explosive devices amidst changing soil types and ground conditions, the presence of rocks and other irrelevant objects, signals reflected from the ground, and various forms of signal noise.
Oxford Machine Intelligence is investigating a range of machine learning techniques for this problem, including supervised neural networks, image analysis, data fusion and statistical decision theory. In particular, we are applying our knowledge of neural networks for transform-invariant visual object recognition in natural cluttered environments.
This work is taking place within our research centre based within the Oxford University Department of Experimental Psychology. The centre is headed by Dr Simon Stringer, who has over 20 years experience in computational mathematics and artificial intelligence.
To contact us: please e-mail Dr Simon Stringer (CEO) at:


We had another five hour Destiny raid session yesterday, and great progress was made. We did the two hour run at Vault of Glass and them moved on to the bridge in Crota’s End since it hadn’t reset yet. We were expecting to practice, fail and make small steps to getting closer to being able to do it, but we actually did it. Not only that, the rewards for that stage dropped raid set pieces for three of the six people in the raid. Not bad! The first two stages are a bit away from farm status, but it was still way beyond expectation.
We tried the next section and it was astronomically harder!
The trouble with the next section was it felt like a hard break, not a soft break. A soft break is when it feels achievable and it’s just practice at the complex coordination needed to pull these things off (and it’s a timed coordination in this case). A hard break is when you just don’t feel powerful enough to do it. This felt like that. It’s surprising because I have a first expansion weapon, fully levelled to the correct attack rating and it still felt like a pop gun. We are aware some people are using pre-expansion weapons and then not fully upgraded so this isn’t helping. We’ve stepped back and recognised we need to concentrate on gear upgrades while hopefully farming the hell out of the first two stages of Crota (it can get us every armour piece but the helm). Will that make it feel like less of a hard break? Not sure, as I say my weapon is of the correct power and it didn’t feel like it was helping. I suspect it’s something more unique, like everyone having a very good heavy weapon of the correct power, and some heavy weapons making it even easier, etc.
Speaking of weapons, I’ve come to realise that the best looking weapon in Destiny, in my humble opinion, is to be exiled to the bank. There are a couple of reasons for this.
In the first instance it comes down to the fact your only allowed to have one exotic weapon actively equipped at any one time. This means it is hard for any primary exotic to compete with the useful support and heavy weapon exotics. Icebreaker (support) is so useful it squeezes out any exotic you might be tempted to use in the primary slot. Depending on circumstance you could say the same thing for Invective, the ammo regenerating shotgun and heavy weapons like the Gjallarhorn rocket launcher. Since the attack power of exotics is no better than legendaries it comes down to the perks and the support and heavy weapons just, across the board, have better perks than their primary weapon counterparts (a few raid specific weapons aside).
This is obviously a design floor and needs to be rectified. At one point Suros Regime was the gun to have, but primarily because of PvP. Apparently it was felt to be an overpowered beast. It seems to have had one or two reductions in power due to that, which is annoying for those just using it in PvE. It’s reduction in hitting power, along with Auto Rifles generally, has been so big that now its only real usefulness is when killing enemies lower than you. This can’t be correct for what is supposed to be an exotic weapon that you behold with awe? In the level appropriate content it just doesn’t take enemies down fast enough. I’m not sure why it’s not allowed to. I can’t believe a slower firing, harder hitting Auto Rifle is that hard to balance, but apparently it is. It’s a Auto Rifle and Scout Rifle cross after all, as Scout Rifles fire slower and hit harder.
The combined result of this is I am invariably better off just keeping my legendary rifle equipped as I need the other exotic slot and even when I don’t it’s not worth equipping it. Pity. I really do like the look of it and the way it handles, the sound of it is quite unique, it just doesn’t put out enough damage to be useful.
I will resist going off on a rant about PvP ruining it for the rest of us when it’s combined with PvE and levelling mechanics.


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Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Final Ink Assignment
I posed for this piece because I needed good reference for the two light sources. The earlier Dune novels have mercenary fighters known as the Ginaz mercenaries who are fond of using pulse swords even though swords of any kind are considered archaic by most fighting forces in the DUNE universe as more advanced guns are readily available. The character Jool Noret is particularly skilled and find himself taking down swarms of combat robots on his own so I tried to depict that.
Posted by Andrew Ryan at 12:11 AM


The atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 78 years ago changed the concept of the impact of wars. The hope that the level of devastation would make the world think seriously about taking steps to give up the arms race and focus on human welfare did not materialise. The arms race continues unabated. From one nuclear weapons state in 1945, the number has increased to nine. Nearly 13000 nuclear weapons present on earth are enough to extinguish humankind. This has raised serious concern among medical professionals resolving to preserve life and promote health, who are now coming together for the complete abolition of nuclear weapons.
The Second World War was an unprecedented event in human history, with estimates of the total number of people killed ranging from 35 million to 60 million . Many times more people were injured or became destitute. All humanitarian values were swept aside. Torture in the Nazi concentration camps shook the whole world. Ethnic wiping out of the Jews by the Nazis was heinous to the core.
The war had almost ended after the surrender of Hitler’s army on May 8, 1945. Japan’s surrender was imminent. At this time, the United States of America (US) exploded the first nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945. Atomic weapons were used on human populations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, on August 6 and 9, 1945. This heralded a new era of warfare and set the stage for an arms race on a much bigger scale.
The nuclear weapon is different from other weapon systems because it causes intense blasts and releases high temperatures. During the period of peak energy output, a 1-megaton (Mt) nuclear weapon can produce temperatures of about 100 million degrees Celsius at its centre, about four to five times that which occurs at the centre of the Sun . As a result, all life systems, and even concrete, melt and fall to the ground, up to two to three miles from the epicentre of the blast. There is release of radiations which have a serious detrimental impact on the human body for several years. High levels of radiation cause bleeding from various parts of the body leading to death. The impact of radiation lasts for several years causing cancers and other disabilities in generations to come.
Dr Marcel Junod, head of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) delegation in Japan was the first foreign doctor to reach Hiroshima on September 8, 1945. As he described it, “the centre of the city is a sort of white patch, flattened and smooth like the palm of a hand. Nothing remained. The slightest trace of houses seemed to have disappeared. The medical care is rudimentary…. Several patients are suffering from the delayed effects of radioactivity with multiple haemorrhages. They need small blood transfusions at regular intervals; but there are no donors, no doctors to determine the compatibility of the blood groups; consequently, there is no treatment”. He noted that out of 300 doctors, 270 had died or were injured; out of 1,780 nurses, 1,654 were dead or injured. He made an appeal for the bomb to be banned outright, just as poison gas was outlawed in the aftermath of the First World War . Together these two bombs killed some 220,000 Japanese citizens outright, with over 200,000 more dying subsequently from lethal radiation overdoses .
Many of the modern nuclear weapons with Russia and the US have explosive yields of at least 100 kilotons of dynamite while those used in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had explosive yields of about 15 kilotons of dynamite and 20 kilotons of dynamite, respectively .
Between 1945 and 1992, the United States conducted 1,032 tests; and the Soviet Union carried out 715 tests between 1949 and 1990. The nuclear weapons’ testing affected life systems around the test sites adversely .
A study titled ‘Nuclear Famine’ carried out through the efforts of Dr Ira Helfand ― Former Co-President International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) ― in coordination with several physicists, biologists, climatologists and other scientists says that even a “limited” or “regional” nuclear war “would cause abrupt climate disruption and global starvation” which could kill billions.
Lili Xia at Rutgers University led an international team that examined how much sun-blocking soot would be generated under various scenarios of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan ― the study could, in fact, apply to any countries anywhere in the world. “A blast over a city can create a firestorm – a massive fire fed by in-rushing winds of hurricane strength… Soot from burning cities would be lofted miles above the clouds, blown around the world, and float up there for years. It would blot out the sun. Temperatures would plummet; crops would fail” [6: pp 3-5].
It would affect weather patterns throughout the world. This will produce an average surface cooling of –1.25ºC that would last for several years. Even 10 years out, there would be a persistent average surface cooling of –0.5ºC. This would lead to crop failure. Thus a “famine could result for a third of Earth… using less than 3% of the global nuclear arsenal.” More than 2 billion people could die of starvation, that is every 3rd person on earth. In the event of a full-scale nuclear conflict between Russia and the United States the team estimated that 5 billion people would die within two years [6: p7].
Michael Mills and his team at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado concluded that in the above scenario 20% of global ozone would be destroyed. This would expose the earth to high levels of UV radiation causing more sunburns, cancers, cataracts, immunosuppression and photo aging and also hinder crop growth [6: p 8].
Shortage of food would lead to increase in food prices making it inaccessible to hundreds of millions of the world’s poorest. With this, 215 million people from the global South would be added to the rolls of the malnourished over the course of a decade. This could lead to large scale violence and even wars.
It was expected that the arms race would slow down after the end of the Cold War, but that did not happen. The recent report on the state of annual assessment of the state of armaments, disarmament, and international security released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute on June 12, 2023 is startling. The report highlights that the “number of operational nuclear weapons has in fact increased because several countries have expanded their long-term force modernization plans”. At present, it is estimated that there were 12512 warheads in January 2023. Out of this about 9576 were in military stockpiles for potential use, which is 86 more than in January 2022. Russia and the USA together possess almost 90 per cent of all nuclear weapons .
The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), in its fourth annual report on nuclear weapon spending today, Wasted: 2022 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending, has come out with data showing that “in 2022, nuclear-armed states spent five thousand more dollars per minute on their nuclear arsenals than the year before, a total of $157,664 per minute on nuclear weapons. Nine countries spent $82.9 billion in 2022 on nuclear weapons, of which the private sector earned at least $29 billion. The United States spent more than all of the other nuclear-armed states combined, at $43.7 billion. Russia spent 22% of what the US did, at $9.6 billion, and China spent just over a quarter of the U.S. total, at $11.7 billion; India: $2.7 billion”. This amount could have been utilised for several social welfare needs instead.
It is therefore important that a persistent campaign is launched for the abolition of nuclear weapons.
There is a lobby which has consistently been propagating that nuclear weapons are a deterrent to war. This deterrence theory is a myth. India exploded its nuclear weapon on May 11, 1998, followed by Pakistan on May 28,1998. It did not stop the war between the two at Kargil in 1999. Similarly, their possession of nuclear weapons has not been able to stop the on-going war between Russia and Ukraine with the explicit involvement of the US and NATO. This is posing a grave threat of possible use of nuclear weapons. There is an equally grave danger that the nuclear power plants in the Ukraine could become a potential nuclear threat in case of any serious attack on them.
Any technological failure could lead to havoc. There have been several false alarms in the past. One such false alarm in 1983, on the night of September 26 and 27, had brought the world almost to the brink, but for the bold decision by Stanislav Petrov, the duty officer in the Serpukhov-15 command centre in the USSR not to fire back. Ultimately the alarm turned out to be a system malfunction .
It is now well accepted that nuclear weapons could be launched by human error, technological failure, accidental launch or a terrorist act. That such weapon systems could be brought under artificial intelligence is very disturbing, as they will be more prone to cyber-attacks .
In January, 2023, the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists moved the hands of the Doomsday Clock forward to 90 second before midnight, reflecting the growing risk of nuclear war. In August, 2022, the UN Secretary-General António Guterres warned that the world is now in “a time of nuclear danger not seen since the height of the Cold War”. The danger has been underlined by growing tensions between many nuclear armed states.
An editorial written by several health professionals, and also published in this journal, has warned of the serious danger of nuclear weapons and demanded that the nuclear armed states must eliminate their nuclear arsenals before they eliminate us .
On July 7, 2017 ― following a decade of advocacy by the ICAN and its partners ― an overwhelming majority of the world’s nations adopted a landmark global agreement to ban nuclear weapons, known officially as the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). With 92 signatories and 68 ratifications, it has already come into force on January 22, 2021. It prohibits nations from developing, testing, producing, manufacturing, transferring, possessing, stockpiling, using or threatening to use nuclear weapons, or allowing nuclear weapons to be stationed on their territory. It also prohibits them from assisting, encouraging or inducing anyone to engage in any of these activities. This is a multilateral treaty which can yield a positive outcome .
There was a powerful anti-nuclear movement around the globe in the 1980s. This led to significant reduction in the number of nuclear weapons. The world’s nuclear arsenals had swelled throughout the Cold War, from slightly more than 3,000 weapons in 1955 to over 60,000 in the late 1980s, with the United States possessing 23,000 and the Soviet Union, 39,000 . However, there was complacency in the anti-nuclear movement after the end of the Cold War.
The IPPNW, founded in 1980, has been vociferously campaigning for the complete abolition of nuclear weapons. For its efforts, the organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. It was with the efforts of the IPPNW, ICAN came into being in 2007, as a group of organisations working for nuclear disarmament. In fact, the issue of the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons, as propagated by the IPPNW, convinced countries around the world to support the TPNW. It was despite tremendous pressure and blackmail by the major nuclear powers, that 122 states voted in favour of the resolution on TPNW in the United Nations General Assembly on July 7, 2017, with only one vote against and one abstention.
The movement for complete abolition of nuclear weapons is gaining ground among medical professionals. In its recently held 23rd World Congress at Mombasa, Kenya, the IPPNW has taken strong cognizance of the twin existential threats due to nuclear weapons and climate change. In South Asia, various affiliates in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka jointly raised their voices for a world free of nuclear weapons and making South Asia a nuclear weapons-free zone. The Indian Doctors for Peace and Development has taken several initiatives on this and organised the World Congress of IPPNW in 2008. Several medical bodies including the Red Cross, World Health Organization, public health associations, and nursing associations have supported the demand for a nuclear weapons-free world.
IPPNW has also supported the idea of nuclear weapons free zones in the world. There are currently five Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones, covering territories in most of the southern hemisphere and in Central Asia. Antarctica and Mongolia have a special nuclear-weapon-free status as well.
The peace movement is faced with challenging tasks in its aim to save and promote the health of humankind. There is an urgent need to build and strengthen the narrative for peace and disarmament for better health for our citizens.
We have to convince the countries possessing nuclear weapons through intense lobbying with the decision makers to join the TPNW, and build public opinion for disarmament through the promotion of mutual dialogue. IPPNW is making tireless efforts to stop the Russia-Ukraine War. Any delay in ending this war could lead to catastrophic happenings. We cannot let the military industrial complex take the world for granted and make huge profits at the cost of massive destruction of people’s lives.