Human ingenuity knows no limitations. It has taken us from the ocean’s deepest depths to the highest mountain peaks and then beyond. With sticks and stones, we exterminated the megafauna from most of the world. With syringes and pills, we killed things we couldn’t even see or knew existed a century before. Forty-two years after the first manned flight, we dropped an atomic bomb from an airplane, killing 80,000 people in the blink of an eye.
This essay is dedicated to the technologies of death, what has been, what is, and what will come.
“Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” – Krishna
Nuclear weapons derive their power from nuclear reactions such as fission, as in fission bombs or fusion, as in fusion bombs, or from a combination of fission and fusion, as in thermonuclear bombs. Both types of bombs can release large amounts of energy from relatively small quantities of matter. For example, the first fission bomb, which was informally named the Gadget, released an amount of energy equal to 20,000 tons of TNT or 84 TJ.
Until this day, the radioactive green glass called trinitite after the Trinity Test, created from the desert sand can be found on the test site. In comparison, the first thermonuclear bomb released an amount of energy equivalent to 10 million tons of TNT or 42 PJ. Thus a nuclear weapon no larger than a conventional bomb could devastate an entire city with its blast, fire, and radiation.
The most commonly used fissile material for nuclear weapons is uranium-235 and plutonium-239. Uranium-233 has been used to a lesser degree. Fission weapons use a mass of fissile material forced into supercriticality, which induces exponential nuclear chain reactions. This can be achieved either by shooting a piece of sub-critical material into another or by compressing a sub-critical sphere of material using lenses of chemical explosives. However, only the latter approach can be used if the fissile material is plutonium. Additionally, neptunium-237 and some isotopes of americium are theorized to be usable as well. Regardless of which fissile material is used, all fission reactions create radioactive remains of split atomic nuclei.
The amount of energy released by a fission bomb can approach the equivalent of 500,000 tons of TNT or 4.2 to 2.1×108 GJ. Ensuring that a substantial amount of the fissile fuel is consumed before the device self-destructs has been proven difficult.
Thermonuclear bombs function by using the energy of a fission bomb to compress and heat fusion fuel. All multi-megaton yield thermonuclear bombs have used the Teller-Ulam design that places a fission bomb with fusion fuel such as tritium, deuterium, or lithium deuteride in a radiation-reflecting container. The detonation of the fission bomb emits gamma and X-rays that heats and compresses the fusion fuel. The ensuing fusion reaction emits high-speed neutrons, inducing fission in matter not prone to it—for example, depleted uranium. In megaton-ranged thermonuclear weapons, about half the yield comes from the final fissioning of depleted uranium.
Most modern thermonuclear weapons use a two-stage design. It is possible to add additional fusion stages, where each stage ignites a larger amount of fuel. This construction can be used to make thermonuclear weapons of arbitrarily large yield. The largest ever deployed, released energy equal to over 50 megatons of TNT or 210 PJ. For practical constraints on missile warhead space and weight requirements, most thermonuclear weapons are considerably smaller.
Fusion reactions do not create fission products and thus contribute far less to nuclear fallout than fission reactions. But as thermonuclear weapons have at least one fission stage and many high-yield variations use a final fission stage, in practice, they generate more nuclear fallout than fission-only weapons.
Boosted fission weapons increase their efficiency and yield through the neutrons produced by a small number of fusion reactions. This can be achieved by layering the outside of the bomb core with concentric shells of deprecated uranium and lithium-deuteride or injecting it with a deuterium-tritium mixture.
A neutron bomb is a thermonuclear weapon designed to yield a small explosion but a significant amount of neutron radiation to cause massive casualties and leave infrastructure mostly intact while creating a minimal amount of fallout.
A so-called salted bomb can be created by surrounded a nuclear weapon with materials such as cobalt or gold. Such a device produces large quantities of long-lived radioactive contamination. Such a weapon could contaminate earth with large amounts of radioactive material with half-life’s of decades by lifting it into the atmosphere where winds could spread it over the world.
If a nuclear weapon detonates at a high altitude, an electromagnetic pulse is created from high-energy electrons produced from the bomb’s gamma rays. The flash of energy can disrupt or permanently destroy electronic equipment if insufficiently shielded. The effect is useful to disable an enemy’s military and civilian infrastructure over a wide geographical area.
The maintenance and development of nuclear weapon delivery systems are among the most expensive parts of a nuclear weapons program and is an essential factor in nuclear weapon design. The simplest method is to drop a gravity bomb from an aircraft. While this method places few restrictions on weapon size, it limits attack range, response time to an impending attack, and the number of weapons that can fieldable at a time. The primary means for nuclear weapons delivery are miniature atomic bombs delivered by strategic bombers and tactical fighter-bombers.
Nuclear weapons mounted on long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles or submarine-launched ballistic missiles are preferable from a strategic standpoint. These systems can deliver nuclear weapons over the globe with a high likelihood of success. Missile defenses are penetrable by systems such as multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles.
Other methods of delivery used are artillery shells, landmines, as well as nuclear depth charges, and torpedos for anti-submarine warfare. The United States has tested an atomic mortar and small two-person tactical weapons such as the Special Atomic Demolition Munition. However, the difficulty of combining sufficient yield with portability limits their military utility.
A nuclear war with approximately 100 Hiroshima-sized nuclear explosions could cause enough firestorms and subsequent soot thrown into the atmosphere to blanket earth, cutting out the sunlight for years on end and create atomic winter. Tens of millions would die from the climatic effects alone.
Those near the Hiroshima explosion that survived the initial blast subsequently suffered a variety of medical effects. The highest number of deaths occur during the first 1-9 weeks, 90% from thermal injury, and 10% from super-lethal radiation exposure. Comparatively, most deaths during weeks 10-12 were from ionizing radiation in the median lethal range. By weeks 13-20 was seen an improvement in survivors’ conditions.
Those exposed to a few hundred to a thousand millisievert of radiation saw an increase in sub-fertility, infertility, and blood disorders. Furthermore, ionizing radiation above a dose of around 50-100 millisievert has shown a statistical rise in cancer-related death with 25%. The heightened rate of cancer was still present after 5+ years. Other complications are eye cataracts and some minor effects on various organs and tissues.
The term chemical weapons concise chemicals and their precursors formulated to inflict harm or death in humans and the devices used to deliver them, whether filled or unfilled.
Chemical weapons are classified as weapons of mass destruction, though distinct from nuclear, biological, and radiological weapons. They are dispersible in solid, liquid, or gas forms, and their extreme volatility can easily afflict others than the intended targets.
Binary munitions contain two isolated chemicals that do not produce lethal effects until mixed, usually just before battlefield use. In contrast, unitary weapons are lethal in their existing state and make up most of the chemical weapon stockpile. Examples are GB, GA, GD, VX, and blister agents such as sulfur mustard formulations, for example, HD, HT, and H, which become gaseous when released but are otherwise liquid at room temperature. The sulfur mustards H and HD freeze in temperatures below 12.8 °C. Mixing lewisite with distilled mustard lowers the freezing point to −25.0 °C.
Mustard and phosphene gas and others were widely used during the First World War, causing lung searing, blindness, and death. Chemical weapons are designed to injure or kill opposing forces and deny the use of a particular area of terrain or, for defoliants, kill vegetation and deny its use for cover and concealment. CW can also be used against livestock to cause starvation.
Some types of chemical agents are designed not to kill but to produce mind-altering changes and render the victim unable to perform. These are classified as incapacitating agents, where lethality is not a factor in their effectiveness.
The basic configurations for storage are self-contained munitions like projectiles, cartridges, mines, and rockets. All containing these can contain propellant and explosive components. Other forms are aircraft-delivered munitions without explosive content and raw agents housed in one-ton containers.
A storage concern is the risk of temperature-induced explosion. A fire at one of the storage facilities would endanger not only the personnel but also the surrounding community.
A laser is a device that, based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation, amplifies light. As light is only slightly altered by gravity, windage, and the Coriolis force, a laser’s trajectory is almost entirely flat. Thus, the aim is much more precise than conventional weapons, and its range is only limited by line-of-sight and beam diffraction by intervening atmospheric contents. The exceptional speed and range of lasers make them suitable for space warfare.
There are so-called Pulsed Energy Projectile systems under development, which creates rapidly expanding plasma at the target. The system intended as a non-lethal weapon for crowd control temporarily paralyzes the target with its painful electromagnetic waves and sound. However, it can also be used as a lethal weapon.
A dazzler is a directed-energy weapon that, with visible light temporarily blind and disorient its human target while causing no damage, as well as with infrared light disrupt sensors. Most systems are man-portable and operate in either the red or green areas of the electromagnetic spectrum, with a laser diode or a diode-pumped solid-state laser.
Northrop Grumman built and tested an electric laser in 2009, emitting a 100-kilowatt ray, powerful enough to destroy cruise missiles, mortar rounds, artillery, and rockets. In 2011, the U.S. Navy mounted and successfully tested a laser manufactured by Northrop Grumman on the navy test ship, former USS Paul Foster. The laser was described as having a destructive effect on a high-speed cruising target, and while classified, the laser range is measured in miles. In 2008, Northrop Grumman announced a modular system called FIRESTRIKE, using 15 kW modules that can be combined to provide various power levels.
Boeing has designed a laser system with a current power level of 10 kW, which will be increased to 50 kW, and eventually 100 kW. Mounted on a truck can engage artillery shells, mortar rounds, cruise missiles, and crew-less aerial vehicles. A 60 kW fiber laser can maintain a high-quality beam at high-power outputs while simultaneously using less electricity than solid-state lasers is developed by Lockheed Martin to be mounted on the HEMTT.
The U.S. Navy is evaluating Free-electron anti-aircraft and anti-missile directed energy weaponry. The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has built a free-electron laser capable of 14 kW power output. Multi-megawatt free-electron lasers are undergoing research, and in 2009, the Office of Naval Research awarded Raytheon a contract for a 100 kW free-electron laser.
At energy densities of around one megajoule per cubic centimeter, laser beams begin to cause plasma breakdown in the atmosphere, called blooming. This effect causes the laser to defocus and disperse energy into the surrounding air, worsening if there is dust, fog, or smoke in the air.
Techniques such as spreading the beam across a broad and curved mirror that focuses on the target and keeping the energy density lower are usable for reducing bloom. The downside is the requirements for a large, precise, and fragile mirror requiring heavy machinery to aim the laser.
Another technique uses a phased array, but for typical laser wavelengths, this would require billions of micrometer-sized carbon nanotube antennae. This technique would not need lenses or mirrors and can be made flat, not requiring a turret-like system for aiming. However, the downside being a loss of range if the target is at extreme angles to the phases’ array’s surface.
Theoretically, phase arrays could perform phase-conjugate amplification by using a guide laser illuminating the target. Specular points reflect light sensed by the weapon’s primary amplifier, amplifying inverted waves in a positive feedback loop and destroying the target with shockwaves as the speculation regions evaporate. The most conductive optical path is shown by the waves passing through the blooming, automatically correcting the distortions caused by blooming. Other techniques for avoiding blooming are using very short pulses or focusing multiple lasers of relatively low power at a target.
Countermeasures for defending against lasers are dielectric mirrors, ablative coating, thermal transport delay, and obscurants. Simple countermeasures against non-highly pulsed, high-energy laser weapons are a rapid rotation that spreads the heat by not allowing a fixed target, accelerating and increasing the distance, and changing the angle quickly.
Coatings made of susceptible substances such as low-cost metals, rare earth’s elements, carbon fiber, silver, and diamonds processed to fine sheens, can counter specific types of lasers. The downside is that a different type might match the coating’s absorption spectrum enough to transfer damaging amounts of energy into the target.
Biological weapons are replicating entities such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses meant to harm or kill humans, animals, and plants as an act of war. They may also be employed to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over the enemy through threat or to deny a geographical area. Psychochemical agents and toxins are considered so-called mid spectrum weapons as they do not reproduce in the host. Biological and chemical weapons overlap to an extent. The use of the toxins from some organisms is considered both under the provisions of the chemical and the Biological Weapons Convention.
The use of biological weapons is a war crime as they are prohibited under customary international humanitarian law and other international treaties. Biological weapons have the potential for a level of destruction and death far exceeding nuclear, chemical, or conventional weapons – mainly from their far lower cost of development and storage relative to mass.
A biological weapon’s cost is estimated to be about 0.05% of the cost of a conventional to produce similar numbers of casualties per km^2. The relative simplicity of production and in combination with their destructive potential and difficulty to detect appeals to terrorists. The FBI suspects anthrax can be created in a garden shed for as little as $2,500 using readily available laboratory equipment. Moreover, the incubation period of 3 to 7 days of the potential organism before effects begin to appear gives the terrorist time to escape before government or secret agencies are alerted.
The use of Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat techniques has become so cheap and widely available that amateurs can experiment with them. In this technique, a DNA sequence is cut off and replaced with a new sequence, expressing a particular protein or characteristic in the organism. The technique can be dangerous if used by people with the wrong intentions.
A biological weapon’s desired characteristics are high infectivity and virulence, non-availability of vaccines, stability, and ability to retain its infectivity and virulence after prolonged storage. Control of the spread of the agent may be another desired characteristic.
Bacteria can, by microbial methods, be modified into only being useful in a narrow environmental range. If the target range differs distinctly from that of the attacking army, just the target might be affected. Or to bog down an advancing army, making them more vulnerable to counterattack.
Bacillus anthracite is an effective agent for several reasons, its hardy spores are perfect for dispersal aerosols, and it is not considered transmissible from person to person. A pulmonary anthrax infection starts with influenza-like symptoms, and within 3-7 days, it progresses to lethal hemorrhagic mediastinitis with a fatality rate of over 90% for untreated patients.
Other bacterial agents known to be or considered for weaponization include Brucella spp., Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei, Chlamydophilia psittaci, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis, and some of the Rickettsiaceae, especially Rickettsia prowazekii and Rickettsia rickettsii.
Studied and weaponized viral agents include some of the Bunyaviridae, Ebolavirus, Machupo virus, Marburg virus, Variola virus, Yellow fever virus, and many of the Flaviviridae, especially Japanese encephalitis virus. Fungal agents include Coccidioides spp..
Toxins’ suitable as biological weapons include staphylococcal enterotoxin B, botulinum toxin, saxitoxin, ricin, as well as many mycotoxins.
Anti-personnel bio-agents and bio-agents in the United States used to be categorized either as incapacitating agents, for example, Brucella suis, Coxiella burnetii, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or as lethal agents such as Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Botulinum toxin, or
Anti-crop capability was developed by the U.S. during the Cold War, using plant diseases such as bioherbicides, or mycoherbicides, for destroying enemy agriculture. Conditions such as rice and wheat blast were weaponized by containing them in aerial spray tanks and clusters bombs for initiating epiphytotic epidemics. Despite herbicides being chemicals, they often work similarly to bioregulators and biotoxins. Thus they are many times grouped with such.
In so-called entomological warfare, insects infected with pathogens can be dispersed over target areas, acting as a vector and infecting any person or animal they might bite. Or insects can be used to attack the enemy or crops and agriculture directly. Entomological warfare has existed for millennia, and development has continued into the modern era.
Antimatter weapons use antimatter as a power source, propellant, or explosive. Because of technological limitations in creating and containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter, one gram is estimated at 63 trillion dollars. Antimatter weapons are, while theoretically viable, not yet practically so.
An advantage of antimatter weapons over conventional nuclear weapons is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass-energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the most efficient fusion weapons, 100% versus 7-10%. One gram antimatter annihilating 1 gram of ordinary matter equals 1.8×1014 joules of energy, or for comparisons 42.96 kilotons, though, in practice, there is a considerable loss by neutrino production. In other words, quantities measured in grams is required to achieve a destructive force comparable to conventional nuclear weapons.
Antimatter creation involves particle accelerators or particle bombardment, which both are ineffective and expensive. The global yearly production of antimatter is only 1 to 10 nanograms. In 2008, at the Antiproton Decelerator Facility of CERN created several pictograms at the cost of $20 million. At the current production level, the equivalent of a ten-megaton hydrogen bomb, about 250 grams of antimatter, would require 2.5 billion years of the entire earth’s yearly energy production. It would take CERN two million years to create the antimatter equivalent of the Hiroshima atomic bomb at the current rate of production.
Since the first creation of antiprotons in 1955, production rates increased nearly geometrically until the 1980s, before leveling out. However, significant advancement has been made recently as a single antihydrogen atom was produced suspended in a magnetic field. In 2008 physicists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California dramatically increased the number of positrons or antielectrons that can be created, using an ultra-intense laser to irradiate a millimeter-thick gold target, which generated more than 100 billion positrons.
Even with efficiencies far exceeding what is physically possible, say converting energy directly into particle and antiparticle pairs without any loss, a power plant generating 2000 MWe would take 25 hours to produce one gram of antimatter. With an average price of $50 per megawatt-hour of electricity, the lowest limit on antimatter costs is $2.5 million per gram.
Another practical problem of weaponizing antimatter is that it needs to be suspended and not in contact with ordinary matter, or else it annihilates. In essence, this is achievable by producing solid charged or magnetized particles of antimatter suspended by electromagnetic fields in a near-perfect vacuum – in contrast to conventional nuclear weapons that explode with full yield only if the nuclear trigger is fired in perfect precision, any containment failure in an antimatter weapon would result in total yield annihilation. Whereas a nuclear weapon does not detonate unless deliberately made to do so, an antimatter weapon must actively be kept from detonating.
The antimatter weapon core would have to be made primarily of neutral antiparticles. Due to their mutual repulsion, it would not be possible to construct a weapon using positrons alone. The antimatter weapon core’s overall electric charge has to be very small compared to the number of particles to achieve compactness given macroscopic weight, as heavier antimatter atoms are yet to be produced.
More realistic use of antimatter is as small weapons for on-off assassinations. One billionth a gram of positrons contains as much energy as 37.8 kg of TNT. For example, excluding the containment device’s cost, an antimatter equivalent of an MK3 hand grenade containing 227 g of TNT would cost $600,000. Antimatter can be used as a trigger to initiate small nuclear explosions. The technology can be used to construct fission-free low fallout weapons.
To incapacitate, injure, or kill an opponent, sonic and ultrasonic weapons use a focused beam or area field of sound. High-power sound waves can disrupt or destroy a target’s eardrums, inflicting pain, disorientation, and incapacitation. Weaker sound waves can cause the experience of nausea and discomfort, suitable for both anti-citizen and crowd control settings.
Long-range acoustic devices have been used onboard cruise ships to deter pirates from chasing and attacking the ship. Still, a more common application is for dispersing crowds of rioters and protesters. Sonic devices are used to deter unwanted teenagers from lingering by emitting an ultra-high frequency blast, 19-20 kHz. Age-related hearing loss prevents the sound from being a nuance to other parts of the population. Also, a high-amplitude sound of specific patterns and frequency close to the sensitive peak of human hearing or 2-3 kHz, is used to deter burglars.
The acoustic hailing device LRAD is an acronym for Long Range Acoustic Device, designed for sending messages and warning tones over long distances or at a higher volume than possible with conventional loudspeakers and a mean for non-lethal, non-kinetic crowd control. The system weighs from 6.8 to 145.1 kg and emits a 2.5 kHz sound in a 30°-60° beam.
A sonic cannon using pulse-detonated methane gas in a combustion chamber leading to two parabolic dishes pulse-detonated at roughly 44Hz was developed in the early 1940s by Axis engineers. The dish reflectors magnified the sound, vibrating the inner ear’s fluid, causing vertigo and nausea at 200-400 meters. At closer distances, the sound waves are repeatedly compressing and releasing organ tissues and fluids. Compression resistant organs such as the liver, spleen, and kidneys had little effect on malleable organs such as the stomach, intestines, heart, and lungs. The device was highly vulnerable to the enemy deforming the parabolic reflectors and rendering the wave amplification ineffective.
Exposure to high-intensity ultrasound at frequencies between 700 kHz and 3.6 MHz causes lung and intestinal damage in mice. Vibroacoustic stimulation can cause changes in heart rate patterns resulting in severe consequences such as bradycardia and atrial flutter.
In mice, the threshold for both liver and lung damage is at about 184 dB, with damage rapidly increasing with intensity. There are no proven biological effects associated with unfocused sound beams with intensities below 100 mW/cm² SPTA and in focused one mW/cm² SPTA.
Scuba divers exposed to continuous low-frequency tones for durations longer than 15 minutes, in some cases, develop immediate and long-term problems affecting brain tissue, resembling those of minor head injuries. Prolonged sound exposure might result in enough mechanical strain to induce encephalopathy in brain tissue. Sinus and lung injuries have been found in both divers and aquatic mammals exposed to high intensity, low-frequency sound. The sound passes from water into their body, but not into any pockets of air, reflecting the sound due to mismatched acoustic impedance.
Other effects unrelated to hearing are chest wall and lung tissue effects, vibrotactile sensitivity change, auditory shifts, cardiovascular function change, muscle contraction, vestibular effects, and central nervous system effects.
Electro-shock weapons use an electric current to temporarily disrupt muscle function and inflict pain or death. The framework of most electro-shock weapons uses a simple design based on either a resonant circuit or oscillator, a power inverter, step-up transformer, or diode-capacitator voltage multiplier to achieve a continuous or an alternating direct-current discharge.
Hand-held stun guns and baton-style prods must touch the subject when used. Two electrodes insulated from each other and placed approximately 2.5 centimeters apart protrude from the baton’s metal end. The mechanism and batteries are contained in the body or handle of the device, which has a switch. Shooting stun guns are similar in design but fire two dart-like electrodes that stay connected to the central unit by conductors that deliver the electric current to the subject.
Prototypes of electro-shock guns that replace the solid wire with a stream of conductive liquid have been made. This design offers an increased range as well as the opportunity for multiple shots. Problems with this design are pooling of conductive fluid under the subject, making apprehension difficult, the need to carry a large tank of the liquid used as well as a propellant canister. Another design uses aerosol as the conductive medium. Problems with this design are low electrical conductivity, short-range as gas cannot readily be propelled greater distance than 3 meters, and a gassing effect where all subjects in an enclosed space are subjected to the effects.
There are long-range wireless electro-shock projectiles containing a small high-voltage battery that can be fired from a 12-gauge shotgun. Another similar technology uses a piezo-electric projectile that generates and releases electric charge on impact.
Most electro-shock weapons are programmed to be active in automatic five-second bursts. The operator can inflict repeated shock cycles with each trigger pull as long as the electrodes stay attached to the subject. The only technical limit to the number of electrical cycles is the life of the battery.
The threshold of energy needed to induce deadly ventricular fibrillation decreases dramatically with each successive cycle of bursts of pulses. In some cases, one pulse might be enough to cause fatal ventricular fibrillation; women’s threshold is lower.
Electrolasers, a directed-energy electro-shock weapon that, with the help of lasers, form electrically conductive laser-induced plasma channels through which an electric current is delivered to the target. It is functioning overall as a large-scale, high energy, long-distance version of an electro-shock gun.
A laser beam is emitted through the air, and its electromagnetic field rips the electrons from the air molecules and creates an electrically conductive plasma channel. The air’s rapid heating causes a sonic boom similar to lightning as the mechanism is the same. Then alternating current is sent through a series of step-up transformers, increasing the voltage and decreasing the current. The final voltage of the current may be between 108 and 109 volts and is fed into the plasma channel created by the laser beam.
The technology can kill or incapacitate a living target through electric shock, damage, disable or destroy electrical or electronic devices. A spark gap created from an aircraft carrying an electrolaser can precisely direct lighting strikes from thunderheads onto targets, using a relatively low amount of initial input.
The publicly-traded company Applied Energetics develops directed-energy weapons for the United States military. In 2006, the company produced a device deemed unfit for field use, called the Joint IED Neutralizer or JIN, intended for safely detonating improvised explosives. While most future designs are to be mounted on land, air, and sea vehicles, a hand-held infantry version is in development. The design will primarily work as a non-lethal alternative to existing weaponry but can also deliver a high enough voltage to kill.
According to unconfirmed reports, the U.S. Navy may have tested an electrolaser in 1985 within the Strategic Defense Initiative research program, called the Phoenix project. However, this report may have referred to an early test of MIRACL, which is or was a high-powered chemical laser.
Using ultraviolet beams of 193 nm, HSV Technologies designed a non-lethal electrolaser capable of immobilizing living targets at a distance. There was a plan for an engine-disabling variation for use against the electronic ignitions of cars using a 248 nm laser. However, after the lead scientist Eric Herr died in 2008, the company appears to have dissolved.
In 2012, Picatinny Arsenal demonstrated that an electric current could be sent through a laser beam. Additionally, due to the high laser intensity of 50 gigawatts, which changes the speed of light in air, the laser beam is self-focusing.
Magnetic fields can be used for accelerating projectiles to immense velocities or to focus charged particle beams. Variations or magnetic weapons are the rail gun, which accelerates a non-magnetic projectile, the coilgun that uses a magnetic projectile, or plasma and ion cannons focusing and directing charged particles using magnetic fields.
Railguns use two parallel rails connected to a power source. When a conductive projectile is placed between the tracks, the circuit is completed, creating a magnetic field along the rails to the projectile. The force created pushes the projectile along with them, accelerating it to high speeds until it leaves the rail, and the circuit is broken. The projectile seldom contains explosives. Instead, the design relies on the kinetic energy from the projectile’s high speed to inflict damage.
A helical railgun is a multi-turn design that reduces rail and brush current by a factor equal to the number of turns. In this design, two tracks are surrounded by a helical barrel, and the projectile or re-usable carrier is also helical. By using two brushes sliding along the rail, and two additional brushes on the projectile, it is energized and commuted through wind longs on the barrel and in front of the projectile. This design can be considered a cross between a railgun and a coilgun.
Coilguns use a similar but different mechanism than railguns, having a barrel made up of magnetic coils with the projectile placed between them. A pulse of electricity is passed through the first coil, pulling the projectile into its center. The coils further down the tracts are pulsed in sequence, accelerating the projectile until it leaves the barrel. Coilguns can also be constructed in a manner in which the moving coils are fed current via sliding contacts. An advantage of the induction coilgun design over the railgun is no need for high-speed sliding contacts and a lower current requirement.
Ion cannons, as the name implies, fire beams of ions, particles, or atoms affected in some way as to cause a gain in electrical charge. In practice, they are particle cannons using ionized particles. Due to their electrical charge, the ions have the potential to disable electronic devices, vehicles, and anything else having an electrical power source. This mechanism is similar to the electromagnetic pulse from nuclear detonations.
The DARPA Electromagnetic Mortar Program has shown a coilgun design’s advantages, being relatively silent with no smoke giving away its position. A higher velocity, double the fire rate, and a range increase of 30% for a 120 mm EM mortar are allowed by an adjustable and smoother acceleration than a standard version of similar weight.
Railguns excel as anti-aircraft weapons for intercepting air threats such as anti-ship missiles. The railgun’s design enables a faster reaction time combined with lighter ammunition. Thus, more can be carried. The effective range for intercepting a fast-moving missile is approximately 56 km, with the odds of hitting increasing exponentially as it gets closer.
The United States Air Force Research Laboratory developed a now classified coaxial plasma railgun called the MARAUDER, an acronym for Magnetically Ring to Achieve Ultra-High Directed Energy and Radiation, capable of producing rings of plasma and balls of lightning that exploded with devastating effect when hitting their target.
In 2006, the United States Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division fired a 3.2 kg projectile from an 8 MJ railgun, a prototype of a 64 MJ weapon designed for Navy warships. The millions of amperes of current, immense pressures, and heat are the main problems when firing projectiles with megajoules of energy. In 2008, the United States Navy fired a railgun projectile at 10.64 MJ with a muzzle velocity of 2,520 m/s. A 9-megajoule capacitor bank using solid-state switches and high-energy-density capacitors and a 32-MJ pulse power system provided the necessary power.
The only U.S. Navy ships capable of producing enough electrical energy to power a practically usable railgun are the Zumwalt-class destroyers that can generate 78 megawatts of electricity. In comparison, most current destroyers can spare approximately nine megawatts of power. While, for example, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer could be upgraded with enough electrical power to operate a railgun, this would require the removal of existing weapon systems.


Longcross Studios - History
Based around Barrowhills Mansion, the former Chobham Common was requisitioned for military use in July 1942 for a tank factory and test track for tanks. The local residents failed to get the tank factory removed in 1947 and in 1950 plans were hatched to make the test track a permanent fixture.
The site is world famous for developing and testing tanks and other military vehicles. Chobham Armour, tough protection for tanks, was invented there in the early 1970s.
Several hundred people once worked at the establishment.
Various defence agencies have run the site, including the Fighting Vehicles Defence and Research Establishment (FVRDE) and the Military Vehicles Engineering Establishment (MVEE). QinetiQ inherited it from the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA).
The facility was bought from QinetiQ in 2004 by a consortium headed by Crest Nicholson PLC.


THE WATCH STAFF
The barren and unforgiving Arctic terrain of the Joint Pacific Alaska Range Complex (JPARC) is where the United States military and its allies train in extreme conditions.
High above the vast landscape that is the size of the U.S. state of Indiana, the world’s most advanced warplane — the F-35A II Lightning stealth fighter — conducts operations, too.
The multirole F-35A II rules its domain no matter the environment.
“We have a motto that ‘we’re ready to go at 50 below [zero degrees Fahrenheit],’ ” and it does get that cold sometimes, Col. David Berkland, commander of the 354th Fighter Wing at Eielson Air Force Base (AFB) in Alaska, said during an August 10, 2022, event at the base, according to the Insider news website.
The U.S. released its new Arctic strategy in October 2022 that makes countering the moves of Russia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the region a priority as the sea ice melts and shipping lanes open. The Pentagon seeks to increase its presence through military exercises with allies modernizing air defenses. The F-35A will play a key role in this deterrence.
Eielson AFB was the first cold-weather U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) installation to get the fighter, which manufacturer Lockheed Martin had subjected to Arctic temperatures during its development. Alaska is a strategic gateway to both the Polar Arctic and to the Indo-Pacific.
But the F-35A has the capability to deter potential adversaries far beyond the foreboding environment of JPARC. From Eielson, the long-range supersonic fighter can reach anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere in one sortie.
When the 54th F-35A was delivered to Eielson AFB in April 2022, the state became the nexus of fifth-generation fighter operations. The 354th FW’s two squadrons of F-35As are complemented by two squadrons of F-22s stationed at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson. That is the world’s largest concentration of advanced warplanes.
Gen. Charles Q. Brown Jr., the U.S. Air Force chief of staff, has called the F-35A the “cornerstone of air superiority” for the U.S. and its allies and partners. Currently, more than a dozen nations either operate the F-35A and its variants — F-35B (short takeoff/vertical landing) and F-35C (aircraft carrier operations) — or have ordered the single-seat warplane.
Brown said the F-35A’s capabilities outpace those of potential adversaries.
Of those, its primary advantage is stealth.
The F-35 fighter represents a new model of international cooperation, ensuring the security of the U.S. and its partners well into the 21st century. TECH SGT. ADAM KEELE/U.S. AIR NATIONAL GUARD
“The plane’s shape [and surfaces are] designed to deflect radar energy away from the source like a slanted mirror,” Paul Poitras, director of survivability at Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works, said in a story from the aerospace manufacturer published by The Washington Post newspaper. “Its surface is also blended and smoothed to enable radar energy to smoothly flow across it — similar to water … across a smooth surface.”
Then there is the F-35A’s “sensor fusion,” which Lockheed Martin calls the most advanced in the world. This suite of electronics lets pilots draw on information from all onboard sensors to create a single integrated battlefield picture that enhances domain awareness. This view critically allows F-35A pilots to see first and shoot first.
“The plane’s computer system synthesizes and prioritizes the information and tells me who the good and bad guys are,” Billie Flynn, a senior experimental test pilot with Lockheed Martin, said in the Lockheed Martin story. “That makes my workload less than was ever the case in any generation of fighter before.”
The pilots see those bad guys on state-of-the-art helmets that seem more akin to virtual-reality headsets. The helmets cost an estimated $400,000 each — more than four times as much as those of the previous-generation F-16 — according to a 2015 report in the USA Today newspaper. All the information pilots need to carry out missions — airspeed, heading, altitude, targeting data and warnings — is projected onto the visor, rather than a traditional heads-up display in the cockpit. “I am never overwhelmed by data,” Flynn said.
That allows the F-35A to overwhelm its adversaries, whether it is operating in air defense, close air support, tactical bombing or in one of its many other roles.
“The pilot sees everything that’s of concern to him on the ground and to the horizon, even to the point where he can look … underneath the airplane and see all the way to the ground,” Flynn said of sensors embedded in the F-35A that through its Distributed Aperture System (DAS) and infrared cameras give pilots a 360-degree view outside the cockpit on their helmet visors.
This sensor integration helps bring unparalleled situational awareness, information-sharing and connectivity to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members and other U.S. allies and partners who fly the F-35A. This capability is critical in joint domain operations.
The F-35 nests its weapons internally in stealth configuration and can also carry them externally if the environment allows. All variants can deliver the Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) or Long Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM), which give the fighters reach against heavily protected targets and deterrence against potential adversaries. The F-35A is also armed with a 25 mm GAU-22/A rotary cannon for ground targets during close ground support.
The F-35 uses an Active Electronically Scanned Array radar, or AESA, which provides long-range intelligence. Lockheed Martin says the F-35 serves as an “information and communications gateway” that can share its operational picture with U.S. and allied land, sea and air forces. It can also engage in electronic warfare with adversaries through its ability to track enemy forces, jam radar and disrupt attacks.
Recently, the F-35A became even more lethal. On September 29, 2022, the Air Force Nuclear Weapon Center approved the initial nuclear design certification for the fighter, the service said in an email to The Watch. Once it receives operational nuclear certification, it will be able to deliver the B61 thermonuclear bomb, according to the Sandia National Laboratories. A 2020 U.S. DOD publication calls for the initial deployment of such dual-capable F-35As in 2025.
The PRC and Russia are seeking to match the F-35A’s capabilities now that it has become the “global standard for tactical air power,” according to a March 4, 2021, story in the National Interest magazine. The adaptable F-35’s technology, however, is frequently upgraded as new threats appear.
As Air Force Lt. Gen. Scott Pleus, the former director of the F-35 integration office, summed up the warplane in 2016 to the Insider news website:
“This is an absolutely formidable airplane,” he said, “and one our adversaries should fear.”


Ben 10 was once a normal 15 year old kid. After he discovered the mysterious alien weapon Omnitrix. With this weapon he is able to fight in the Ultimatrix.
– Arrow Keys Left/Right = Move
– Arrow Key Up = Jump
– DoubleClick Arrow Key up = Higher Jump
– SPACE = Shoot
– X = Change Weapon


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The Fw 190 Dora was a single-seat, single-engined fighter aircraft. Alongside the Messerschmitt Bf 109, it became the backbone of the Luftwaffe. It fulfilled a variety of roles including; day fighter, fighter-bomber, ground-attack aircraft and, to an extent, night fighter.
This product is supplied unassembled and unpainted. Glue and paints not included.


Governor Phil Murphy is renewing his call on legislators to take action and pass a comprehensive gun safety legislative package that was initially proposed by the governor in April 2021.
In December 2021, the Governor was joined by Assembly Speaker Craig Coughlin in Metuchen to urge the passage of the majority of these gun safety bills. If passed by the Senate and Assembly and signed into law, the bill package would be the third wide-ranging gun safety package signed by the Governor since taking office.
The bill package being pushed by Murphy includes:
- Requiring Firearm Safety Training: A-993 (Reynolds-Jackson) would require completion of a firearm safety course to receive a permit to purchase a gun or receive a firearm ID card.
- Mandating Safe Storage of Firearms: Gun owners would be required to store guns in a lockbox or gun safe. (For reference: A-2215 (Greenwald), the “New Jersey Safe Storage of Firearms Act”)
- Banning .50 Caliber Firearms: S-1416 (Gill) would revise the definition of “destructive device” under New Jersey law so that it includes weapons of .50 caliber or greater.
- Closing Loophole for Importing Out-of-State Firearms: A-1179/S-1204 (Jasey/Cryan) would require firearm owners who move to New Jersey to obtain a firearm purchaser identification card (FPIC) and register their firearms within 60 days of residing in this State.
- Raising Minimum Age to Purchase Long Guns to 21: A-509/S-504 (Freiman/Cryan) would raise from 18 to 21 the age at which a person is eligible to receive a firearms purchaser identification card used to purchase shotguns and rifles.
Giving Law Enforcement the Tools to Address Gun Violence
- Establishing Electronic Ammunition Sales Recordkeeping: A-1302 (Greenwald) would require manufacturers or dealers of handgun ammunition to keep a detailed electronic record of ammunition sales, and report ammunition sales to the State Police.
- Promoting Microstamping Technology: S-1462/A-2216 (Codey/Greenwald) would require within a year that firearm manufacturers incorporate microstamping technology into new handguns sold in New Jersey, providing law enforcement with a tool to quickly link firearm cartridge casings found at the scene of a crime to a specific firearm, without having to recover the firearm itself.
- Holding the Gun Industry Accountable: In New Jersey, almost 80% of guns used in crimes are originally purchased outside of the state. However, the gun industry has failed to take any steps to stem the flow of guns to the illegal market through gun shows, flea markets, straw purchasers, and theft. The Governor proposes amending the state’s public nuisance laws to prohibit the gun industry from endangering the safety or health of the public through its sale, manufacturing, importing, or marketing of guns. (For reference: A-1765/S-1893 (McKeon/Ruiz).
“The bills that I introduced one year ago are basic measures that will keep guns out of the wrong hands, help law enforcement apprehend the perpetrators of gun violence, and hold the gun industry accountable for its deceptive and dangerous practices,” said Governor Murphy. “I hope to work with my Legislative partners to continue making New Jersey a national leader in gun safety and prevent the meaningless violence and loss of life that results from the gun violence epidemic.”


KETM :: Bosses
The bosses of KETM fill the screen at all times during the course of the game. As soon as you are picked up on their radar nets the Sigil will dispatch every weapon in their arsenal to track you down and kill you. Expect a heavy concentartion of smaller fighters as well as smart weapons to accompany any boss craft you encounter.
The army of the Sigil constructed several gigadeath war machines with the sole purpose of imposing their God on others via force. Controlled by zealots hardwired into the actual machines, the Sigil war machines are equipped with ablative armor hulls, several meters thick, and a vast array of projectile and plasma weapons. They are nearly invinsible. To call them formidable would be beyond an understatement.
A single Exohawk fighter couldn't possibly carry enough of a payload to even slow one of these craft down, let alone kill it. When confronted by a "boss"...run. There is no hope of beating these ogres head-on.
Sigil tactics at Aleph Epsilon suggest they will swarm from every possible direction. Fight through the swarms of smaller craft and evade the bosses as long as possible. The only hope is to escape to the next area before their projectile screen takes you out.
Evade, kill and survive.


Elden Ring is a game with many secrets that need to be discovered. Quite a few of these secrets could surprise long -standing fans of the older title of From software. Players who are brave enough to explore Caelid's depressing environment may be lucky enough to discover the great sword, a weapon that occurred in all three Dark Souls games. This weapon, which is known to many as a reference to Guts from Berserk-Manga, was an integral part of countless player builds. But what does it take to build a large sword in Elden Ring?
Elden Ring Guts Großschwert Build
Elden Rings Greater sword requires 31 strength and 12 skill to lead it. It scales very well with the previous attribute, but this can be changed with Ash of War infusion. Although the major sword is a large and heavy weapon, it is able to accept ashes of war like Bloodhound’s Step, which makes the player's movements surprisingly fast. Thanks to this special peculiarity and the ability to halve the strength of this weapon through two -handed operation, Both strength and skill are useful attributes to climb Depending on the affinity they provide for the major sword.
The major sword falls below the weapons class of the colossal swords. These weapons benefit from a high defense, so that heavy armor - or medium armor with a lot of balance - will prove to be very effective. The bull goat set is fantastic for this purpose. If this is too difficult for your build, Radahn's set is a good alternative. As expected, the best talismans for the major sword are those who improve defense and balance. The talisman of the dragon crown large shield, the talisman of the bull goat, the favor of the earth tree and the medallion of purple amber can prove to be very useful in this regard. Perhaps you would also like to reduce a talisman who can reduce your equipment, such as: B. the Arsenal magic, since the major sword is still a very heavy weapon.
Elden Ring Best Dagger after Patch 1.04
In contrast to weapons such as the sword of the night and the flame, the big sword is incredibly easy. It has no special attributes and can be infused with numerous Ashes of War. As a result, the creation of a large sword building that goes beyond these recommendations really only depends on the specifications of the player. Use it and increase your skill if you want to concentrate on speed, or combine it with another colossal sword for pure, strengthened damage. If you can handle the weight, there is space for the large sword in every build.
Eldenring is available for PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X | S and PC.
Attack of the fanboy / player / Elden Ring Guts Greatword Build: statistics, armaments, talismans and more


10 October 16
"The Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.
In response to a DARPA Request for Information on capabilities to address the rapidly emerging threat to mobile military operations of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS), commonly referred to as drones, DARPA has selected Ocular Robotics to present at a workshop in Arlington, Virginia on the 17th of October 2016."
Mark Bishop, CEO, Ocular Robotics Limited, 10 October 2016
Please read the full announcement via the link below.


9 July 2009
The army does not classify 0.22 inch caliber bullets as a means to disperse demonstrators or quell disturbances, the Israeli Military’s Judge Advocate General, Brig. Gen. Avichai Mandelblit, informed B’Tselem.
Since the end of 2008, security forces in the West Bank have used 0.22-caliber bullets as an additional means, along with the firing of rubber-coated metal bullets and tear-gas, to disperse demonstrators. In addition, in media statements the IDF Spokesperson referred to 0.22-caliber bullets as a crowd-control measure.
As a result of the use of 0.22 bullets, at least two unarmed Palestinians were killed: on 13 February 2009, ‘Az a-Din al-Jamal, age 14, in Hebron, and on 5 June 2009, ‘Aqel Sror, age 35 in a demonstration in the village of Ni’lin. Dozens of persons have been wounded, some seriously. To the best of B’Tselem’s knowledge, since the killing of Sror, 0.22-caliber bullets have not been fired at demonstrators in Ni’lin.
B’Tselem had written to the Judge Advocate General, demanding that the army cease firing this ammunition at unarmed demonstrators in the West Bank. In its letter, the organization pointed out that, apparently, soldiers and officers in the field view 0.22-caliber ammunition as a means to disperse demonstrators, which led to its widespread and dangerous use. From observations at demonstrations in Ni’lin in recent months, B’Tselem found that 0.22-caliber bullets were not fired in life-threatening situations, but during clashes with demonstrators, some of whom were throwing stones at Israeli forces. B’Tselem provided the JAG with video footage of Border Police officers firing 0.22-caliber bullets in situations in which their lives were not in danger.
In his response, the JAG stated that the rules for firing 0.22-caliber bullets in the West Bank are “stringent, and comparable to the rules for opening fire with ‘live’ ammunition.” He added that, “If misleading information regarding classification of this means [0.22-caliber bullets] has been transmitted to the media or various organizations, it was done by mistake or due to a misunderstanding.” The Judge Advocate General further stated that, “Recently, the open fire regulations that apply to this means have been clarified to the relevant operational elements in the Central Command. Soon the Command will make an evaluation of the situation, headed by a senior Command official, in which framework the lessons relating to the use of this means that have accumulated in recent months will be examined.”


Inside Back Cover - Volume 335 - July 2021
Shield and sword nano-soldiers ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis by multi-stage manipulation of neutrophils
Jiaxin Li, Yang Long, Rong Guo, Kebai Ren, Zhengze Lu, Man Li, Xuhui Wang, Jiaxin Li, Yashi Wang, Zhirong Zhang, Qin He
The shield and sword nano-solder is designed to enhance anti-RA effect. The hydrophilic segment LMWH resists the recruitment of neutrophils like a protecting shield by interfering with their transvascular movement, and the hydrophobic segment TOS reduces the level of MMP-9 like a sword to ameliorate the cartilage destruction.
Access the article here
Download the cover here


Get ready to face the terror in Dead Space 3. Today, EA and Visceral announced a February 5, 2013 launch date (NA) for the latest installment in the Dead Space franchise.
Set in sub-zero conditions, Dead Space 3 finds Isaac Clark and his new co-op partner, John Carver, fighting for survival on a brutal and alien planet. And if the gamescom trailer is any indication, players are in for some deep scares.
Pre-Order Bonuses Revealed
Fans who pre-order the Limited Edition of Dead Space 3 will be able to access two bonus suits and weapons as soon as they start the game:
- “First Contact” Bundle: Includes the First Contact Suit, built by the SCAF for encounters with foreign entities, and a Negotiator, a Tesla Beam weapon capable of blasting a human-sized organism to pieces in a single shot.
- “Witness the Truth” Bundle: Includes the Witness Suit, originally worn by a SCAF deep dig team, and an Evangelizer, a weapon with a souped-up AL-2g assault rifle on top and an Emerson 2100 “Big Boy” tactical shotgun on the bottom.
New Weapon Crafting System
By scavenging for raw materials and tool parts, Dead Space 3 players will be able to craft unique weapons to assist them in-game. Already have a weapon in mind? Visit www.deadspace.comand submit the weapon of your dreams. If you win, your tool (and your likeness) will be featured in game!


The U22 Neos is a fun rimfire pistol best for plinking and informal shooting. The ambidextrous manual safety can be engaged with the firing pin cocked or. Search for and download free user manuals for Beretta products. Beretta U22 Neos Instruction Manual Beretta Model Jetfire Instruction Manual. Beretta Owner’s Manual Pistol model U22 NEOS Reviews. Back to Beretta Owner’s Manual Pistol model U22 NEOS.
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The DLX trigger may be adjusted for pre and overtravel. The breech does not lock upon closing, but is held closed by a recoil spring. Languages Deutsch Edit links. Removing the magazine will not guarantee that a pistol is unloaded or cannot fire. Always keep your finger away from the trigger whenever you do not intend to fire. Iron sightsWeaver rail mount. Following the discontinuation of DLX models inBeretta has occasionally produced standard Neos pistols with colored grip inlays as dealer exclusive models.
The attractive inlays are colored to complement the finish manuall materials of the pistol. Fabbrica d’Armi Pietro Beretta S.
Beretta Owner’s Manual Pistol model U22 NEOS Reviews
Open and empty the chamber of your firearm before climbing or descending a tree or before climbing a fence or jumping over a ditch or obstruction. If necessary, first clean the bore with a gun solvent.
Never rely solely on a safety device to manusl an accident. It easily disassembles into its basic subassemblies without special tools or complex procedures. Accumulation of oil attracts dirt and dust, which can interfere with the functioning and reliability of the pistol.
Full text of “Beretta U22”
Beretta U22 Neos basic model; black with 4. The grip and trigger guard assembly, made from fiberglass-reinforced “technopolymer,” is attached to the receiver with a single bolt and can easily be removed and replaced with an accessory grip. To reduce the risk of accidents involving children, unload your firearm, lock it and store the berdtta in a separate locked location.
Have adequate ventilation at all times. Beretta U22 Neos Inox”. Retrieved from ” https: No further disassembly should be necessary for proper cleaning and maintenance of the pistol. The Beretta U22 Neos is a. The slide is under tension from the recoil spring. The origin of the pistol’s sleek shape and ergonomics was a bereta between Beretta engineers and Giugiaro Design stylists.
Model U22 NEOS pistols will automatically reload after each round is fired, as long as there are cartridges in the magazine.
Insert the brush into the barrel from the chamber and scrub the chamber and bore thoroughly. All specifications subject to change without notice.
Retrieved 20 March If you take medication that can impair motor reactions or judgment, do not handle a firearm while you are under the influence or the medication. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for injury or property damage resulting from improper or careless handling, intentional or accidental discharge of the firearm.
When re-installing the barrel, start by fitting the rear dovetail into seat in the frame assembly, then rotate the barrel downward to engage the barrel nut.
Download Beretta User Manuals
DLX triggers are adjustable for pre- and overtravel. An overloaded magazine will not function properly. Any further disassembly is not recommended and should be done by a competent gunsmith.
The DLX grip features textured soft rubber inlays to further facilitate a firm and comfortable grip.
The pistol is sleek, balances well, is very accurate, and points naturally. The slide is designed to stay open after the last round has been fired and the spent shell casing has been ejected. Do not try to uu22 more than the maximum number of ten 10 rounds into the magazine.
Beretta U22 Neos
Be sure to insert the left side of the blade u222 one with the round “hook” shape in first. Expanding on the modularity of the U22 Neos pistol, in Beretta introduced a U22 Neos Carbine Kit that transforms the pistol into a light rifle.
The pistol is single action in design. The pistol features interchangeable barrel and grip units. Unload a firearm before putting it in a vehicle. If the empty magazine is not inserted in the pistol, manually engage the slide catch by pushing it upwards with the slide fully rearward. After the first shot, the pistol will continue to fire in the single-action, semi-automatic mode each time the trigger is beretfa and as long as there is ammunition in the magazine or chamber and as long as the safety lever remains disengaged.
Styling and ergonomics were a result of close collaboration between Beretta and world renowned Giugiaro Design stylists.
It is imperative that you know and use the safety features of the particular firearm you are handling, but accidents can best be prevented by following the safe handling procedures described in these safety rules and elsewhere in the product manual. Do not use acids, water and chlorinated solvents. When the pistol is fired, the resulting energy pushes the slide rearward, extracting and ejecting the fired cartridge case. Press the follower button to partially depress the magazine spring.
Fabbrica d’Armi Pietro Beretta S. The following special features are included in the DLX: Always check mannual barrel prior to loading to ensure that it is clean and free from obstructions. Pushed by the recoil spring, the slide moves forward feeding the next cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and closing the breech. Before loading the pistol, always en- gage the manual safety.


Hard Edge Knives
Custom Knives and Handmade Knives by K. Ward. This is the guy who made the knife Chris from Bay Area Adventures was carrying.
Makers of fine leather knife sheaths and a great source of survivalist technique info, videos, etc.
California Knife Laws
A good, plain-english breakdown/discussion of knife laws in California
Knife Sharpening Tricks
This knife was featured in the movie The Hunted, starring Benicio del Toro and Tommy Lee Jones
This is all of the Spyderco knives I had at once, although the Native was a gift, and it’s on it’s way to it’s new owner now.


The U.S. military launched three hypersonic rockets in a test of new weapon systems, including one developed by Boeing for both defense and the aerospace industry, officials said Monday.
The test of the hypersonic X-51A Waverider model took place July 15 from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, where U.S. Pacific Command and Boeing operate the Pacific Missile Range Facility. U.S. Navy cruisers USS John Paul Jones and USS Lake Erie, which were providing tracking and tracking-signal communications, were deployed by a United States Air Force B-52 Stratofortress as part of the test, Pmnt said.
The X-51A was carried aloft under a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket, then released near Kwajalein Atoll, according to the news release. The vehicle flew for three minutes before re-entering the atmosphere, reaching a top speed of 5,890 mph. Officials measured the rate of hypersonic flight, called Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound.
“The test was a success because the suborbital vehicle achieved all objectives, demonstrated the spacecraft was capable of moving from low-to-medium altitude to high-altitude and generated the full amount of data necessary to validate all the mission parameters,” said Lt. Cmdr. Billy Glover, a spokesman for Pacific Command, in a news release.
Boeing won a contract to build the X-51A in 2010 for an estimated $300 million. It has had several upgrades since then, including increased thrust and new electronics. A civilian pilot — retired Marine Corps Col. Pete Siebold — flew one of two X-51A vehicles, which was the first demonstration test of the hypersonic craft designed to carry an expendable warhead.
According to Pmnt, the government must now decide how to use the technology following the test.
The flight flew a hybrid ramjet engine with advanced structural systems, capable of deploying a decelerator. The vehicle was designed to go up to Mach 20, but it reentered the atmosphere at about Mach five.
Watch the live stream from Pacific Command of the hypersonic test here.
— Gina Harkins can be reached at [email protected] Follow her on Twitter at @ginaaharkins.


en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel
Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel - Wikipedia
3 days ago - The Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel, nicknamed Wraith, is an American unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by Lockheed Martin and operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). While the USAF has released few details on the UAV's design or capabilities, ...
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Northrop_Grumman_RQ-180
Northrop Grumman RQ-180 - Wikipedia
October 17, 2023 - The Northrop Grumman RQ-180 is an American stealth unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveillance aircraft intended for contested airspace. As of 2019, there had been no images or statements released, but growing evidence points to the existence of the RQ-180 and its use in regular front-line service.
airforce-technology.com › projects › rq-170 sentinel unmanned aerial vehicle
RQ-170 Sentinel Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - Airforce Technology
August 25, 2020 - The RQ-170 Sentinel is a high altitude and long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed and manufactured by Skunk Works, a…
af.mil › About-Us › Fact-Sheets › Display › Article › 2796993 › rq-170-sentinel
The RQ-170 is a low observable unmanned aircraft system being developed, tested and fielded by the Air Force. It will provide reconnaissance and surveillance in support of the joint forces commander.
afrl.af.mil › Portals › 90 › Documents › RQ › RQ-Mach-3-High-Reynolds-Number-Facility-180323.pdf pdf
Mach 3 High Reynolds Number Facility
The official site of the Air Force Research Laboratory
airandspaceforces.com › home › unmanned aircraft systems › rq-170 sentinel
RQ-170 Sentinel Archives | Air & Space Forces Magazine
RQ-170 is an unmanned, stealthy, penetrating, day/night tactical ISR platform. Although the RQ-170 was still under development and test, USAF employed it in Southwest Asia for Operation Enduring Freedom. The RPA was developed in response to DOD’s call for additional RPA support for combatant ...
quizlet.com › 379466637 › rq-22-section-193-flash-cards
RQ 22: Section 19.3 Flashcards | Quizlet
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes that make prokaryotic gene regulation simple? For example, RNAi (miRNA etc) is not found in prokaryotes, and prokaryotes do not have enhancer elements.
thedrive.com › the-war-zone › 39882 › how-the-rq-180-drone-will-emerge-from-the-shadows-as-the-centerpiece-of-a-warfighting-revolution
The RQ-180 Drone Will Emerge From The Shadows As The Centerpiece Of An Air Combat Revolution
April 29, 2021 - The Air Force's secretive, very stealthy, and high-flying drone won't be just a better spy aircraft, it will be a deeply networked game-changer.
thedrive.com › the-war-zone › 31992 › exclusive-details-on-the-secretive-rq-170-stealth-drones-first-trip-to-korea
Details Emerge About The Secretive RQ-170 Stealth Drone's First Trip To Korea
January 29, 2020 - More than a decade after the U.S. Air Force officially confirmed its existence, details about the RQ-170 Sentinel stealth drone and its operational exploits remain extremely limited. Now, newly released documents offer additional insights into the deployment of some of these secretive flying-wing ...
eurasiantimes.com › home › americas
New US Air Force Video Offers A Glimpse Of Highly Secretive RQ-180 'White Bat' Spy Drone -- Watch
November 21, 2021 - The US Air Force's RQ-180 'White Bat' is believed to be its newest spy drone in the category of high-altitude, long-endurance drones (HALE).
github.com › rq › django-rq › issues › 193
delay not working if ATOMIC_REQUESTS=True · Issue #193 · rq/django-rq
Yes today, I added ATOMIC_REQUESTS=True to my database settings, to wrap every request in a transaction in Django. Then today, django-rq stops to process jobs in queue, all jobs remain in todo stat...
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Iran–U.S._RQ-170_incident
Iran–U.S. RQ-170 incident - Wikipedia
1 week ago - On 5 December 2011, an American Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was captured by Iranian forces near the city of Kashmar in northeastern Iran. The Iranian government announced that the UAV was brought down by its cyberwarfare unit which commandeered the aircraft ...
thedrive.com › the-war-zone › 40427 › declassified-docs-offer-new-details-about-a-growing-rq-170-wraith-force
Declassified Docs Offer New Details About A Growing RQ-170 "Wraith" Force
May 3, 2021 - The Air Force has been flying the stealthy RQ-170 for nearly a decade and a half, but has been very slow to disclose details about them.
popularmechanics.com › military › military aviation › the u.s. air force's secretive new drone is a b-2 lookalike
The U.S. Air Force's Secretive New Drone Is a B-2 Lookalike
October 25, 2019 - But it follows in the footsteps of spy planes like the SR-71 and U-2.
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Boeing_RC-135
Boeing RC-135 - Wikipedia
2 weeks ago - The Boeing RC-135 is a family of large reconnaissance aircraft built by Boeing and modified by a number of companies, including General Dynamics, Lockheed, LTV, E-Systems, and L3 Technologies, and used by the United States Air Force and Royal Air Force to support theater and national level ...
wikiwand.com › en › Lockheed_Martin_RQ-170_Sentinel
Wikiwand - Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
The Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel, nicknamed Wraith, is an American unmanned aerial vehicle developed by Lockheed Martin and operated by the United States Air Force for the Central Intelligence Agency . While the USAF has released few details on the UAV's design or capabilities, defense analysts ...


It is a ground-to-air, short-range, defense system that neutralizes rockets and missiles. The concept was born after the Israel — Lebanon war when Israel faced thousands of rockets fired. The manufacturer of it is the Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). It just took 3 years and 200 million dollars to develop this defense system.
It relies on the radar that instantly detects when a missile has been fired which was first tested in April 2011. The system is powered by missile defense batteries each containing 3 main components. These batteries can defend across or intercept missiles (short-range) and rockets coming in from Gaza from between 4 to 70 kilometers. The Algorithms of it quickly try to determine what type of projectile is in the air, the speed of it and relays it to the battery’s control center. The computers in the control center calculate whether its heading for a populated or a strategic area. If so, the iron dome launches a missile from its launcher attempting to neutralize the threat. Each launcher contains 20 interceptor missiles and most importantly each launcher deploys independently and operated via a secure wireless connection. The missile destroys the incoming rocket by exploding near it. The goal is to do this explosion far away from populated areas, minimizing the damage on the ground. The explosion that creates in the sky due to this is known to be a common sight across Israel.
It is said that the iron dome has taken down more than 1000 missiles since it turned on in 2011. Israel has strategically placed these systems across the country to take down many missiles as possible with a 90% success rate. Some people question the accuracy of this figures and experts suggest it has only 80% accuracy. According to experts this system has a saturation point but is unknown. Gaza has fired many missiles to test this saturation point and to overwhelm the iron dome.
This network of launchers is highly mobile and constantly on the move. Another important fact is that it can perform in any weather condition. Hamas fired more than a thousand rockets but very few get through because of this Israel’s defense system.
The unit cost per battery is calculated as 50 million dollars and a missile costs around 40,000 dollars. The United States has provided hundreds of millions of dollars and funding for the system. Israel has expanded the defense system by installing missile batteries on ships and the system is in the midst of being upgraded to combat the threat posed by unmanned drones.
By Dilumi Vidanage (Level 02 Undergraduate),


The Mtech USA "Campfire Elite" Axe is the perfect companion for your next outdoor adventures. Why do more people not carry axes with them on their outdoor adventures? Theare a number of reasons for this. One being that the majority iof axes on the market are big and bulky and not easily carried. Then the more compact axes are again heavy and bulky. Who wants to carry a a bulky axe all day in their pack? Then you have those that do this with a knife that just makes us cringe. There is always one person that wants to take thier fixed blade out, hold it an an angle to a small tree, and then find a thick branch to start beating on the knife to cut the tree down to start a fire. This can be done if no other option is exist, and should your knife survive the rugged abuse it just receives. You are going to spend valuable time shapening your knife that could be utilized elsewhere. This is why the Mtech USA "Campfire Elite" Axe is the perfect choice. This axe is lightweight and durable. The blade of the axe is 3MM thick stainless steel. The compact size also makes for an easier time sharpening the blade of the axe. The axe has a black finish and paracord wrapped handle. The paracord wrapped handle makes a great fire starting material, or could be used as lashing for a make shift shelter if needed in a survival situation.


Command History: 13 Nov 1976 - 31 Dec 1977
CDR J. E. Christensen, Jr., USN: 13 Nov 1976 - 21 Oct 1977
CDR R. E. Beedle, USN: 21 Oct 1977 - 21 Feb 1981
Type Commander: CDR Submarine Force, U. S. Atlantic Fleet
Squadron Commander: CDR
Submarine Squadron SIX
Basic History:Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, Virginia.
USS LOS ANGELES (SSN 688) was commissioned on 13 November 1976 following a construction period of nearly five years at the
The USS LOS
ANGELES, (SSN 688) is the Navy's one hundred and ninth nuclear powered submarine and the sixty-seventh of the attack submarine fleet. She is the lead submarine for the new class of high speed nuclear attack submarines.
The USS LOS ANGELES was christened by Mrs. Anne Armstrong, then counsellor to the President of the United States. USS LOS ANGELES' launching
on 6 April 1974 coincided with the keel laying ceremony of a sister ship the USS CINCINATTI (SSN 693), the first of its kind ceremony at Newport News Shipbuilding.
Nearly thirty-nine months after launch USS LOS ANGELES set out on her initial sea trials to test operation of the nuclear propulsion plan under the direction of Admiral H. G. Rickover, the Deputy Commander for Nuclear Propulsion of the Naval Sea Systems Command and head of the Naval Reactors branch of
the Energy Research and Development Administration. Immediately after completion of the first sea trials, further trials were commenced to test the complex sonar and weapons systems installed in LOS ANGELES.
USS LOS ANGELES brings to the fleet the unlimited endurance of nuclear power, the most advanced submarine detecting system and an impressive underwater weapons launch capability. The USS LOS ANGELES is capable of high speed support operations complementing the carrier
task forces of the United States Navy.


I really like this load out of a REM. This shot size with a velocity of close to fps out of a true Mod choke is very dense at 40 yds and works better with a little more open choke for me on decoying birds and back-up shots out past 45 yds. It takes a good understanding of payload weight , shot size , velocity and pattern board work Fellas that claim they can with factory ammo typically shoot a box of shells or more for a limit of ducks , where as , the fellas that have done their homework are set-up for shooting just that distance and are good at it! I personally try to not shoot anything beyond 40 yards unless it’s follow up shots on a bird already hit. I just don’t have the confidence to make clean ethical kills at long ranges and I hate wounding birds. I’m just going to have to buckle down and reload until I get loads I am satisfied with. Luckily I live out in the country and it takes all of 4 minutes to get to my shooting spot to test my loads.
What is the age of a Remington Wingmaster serial V? You can call Remington at and go thru the menu selection. One of the menu options is to request information on your Remington based off the serial number. You read off your serial number and the guy looks up in the database the year the gun was made and what the original barrel was fo…r that gun if gun had barrel options like shotguns do. Value depends on condition, popularity of model, barrel length, prior use, original box presence, etc.
After looking at Gunbroker, go to Impact guns to view a similar gun price new.
Since I use Remington tactical shotguns much of the time, I chose to install the Rem Choke model on an Express Tactical. Gator Bait Although I own a couple of s, I did not have one with the Rem Choke system, so it seemed a good excuse to acquire an Express Tactical.
Sealed packet of 38 revolver cartridges. This packet has the instruction for the saving of the spent shells for reloading. New Item Email Price: This piece is dated SN PF broad arrow marked complete with matching serial number scabbard and fitted with correct Olive d Sold Item Description: German WW2 98K bayonet.
What year is a Remington Magnum 3 with serial MM on the left side above the trigger
Thu Oct 11, Fri Sep 12, 9: Mine are all old ones, because that’s the baragains I’ve found. But I’ve seen, handled, and shot the newer ones, and I’m of the opinion that new ones have better wood, checkering definitely better checkering , fit, polish, and finish than the old ones, but that’s comparing the old ones which were sold by the millions at the lowest price they could with the new ones that I don’t think are sold in nearly so great numbers. The new ones are pricey guns, and Remington puts the shine to them to justify the price.
May 29, · Ex-GF bought me a Remington as a suprise (dead srs) (pics) For the unaware, she broke up with me almost 3 months ago and we kept going on and off. I went on a fuk and dating spree and did a bunch of cool unique to have fun and better myself while all she did was rot at home or occasionally go out to a poverty under 21 place (lmao).
The serial number is correctly located on the left side of the receiver, matching the serial number stamped into the top of the receiver, magazine floorplate and buttplate but not the bolt body. There are numerous other proof marks on the gun, please see the pictures. The gun is mounted with a correct hooded post front sight, and an elevation and windage adjustable rear sight.
This old war horse is 94 years old, but the exterior surfaces show only wear and aging appropriate to its vintage; there are nicks and dings, etc. Original, or as applied upon importation. The rifling is strong. There is some light erosion. The balance of the finish shows wear from use and handling, befitting its age, but the gun retains the vast majority of its finish.
The Screw heads are serviceable. The markings are clear and distinct.
No doubt The Freedom Group this announcement accompanies an agreement to settle the lawsuits filed against the company by injured parties. But not as much as getting shot by your own rifle. Press release after the jump. Senior Remington engineers determined that some Model and Model Seven rifles with XMP triggers could, under certain circumstances, unintentionally discharge. Remington has advised customers to immediately cease use of recalled rifles and return them to Remington free of charge.
Aug 12, · I have an older Remington Wingmaster, 12 gauge, 3″. I need help in finding out the month and year this was manufactured? I’m guessing the month is January?
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Top 5 Inexpensive Guns for Home Defense
These are my picks, based on effectiveness, cost, and reliability. If you disagree with any of my picks, feel free to opine to the contrary in the comments section. Hi-Point Pistol Caliber Carbine in.
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This shotgun has more acessories made for it than all the other shotguns put together. The reason for this is a history for dependability dating back to the mid part of this century. The comes in many models and configurations from a model for Trap compitition to the favorite riot gun for law enforcement. The comes in both a left and right hand model. The utilizes twin action bars to prevent binding of the slide action during rapid operation of the weapon.
The also utilizes twin shell stops to prevent shells from slipping from the magazine tube. It is possible that a shell can slip from the magazine and wedge between the shell carrier the part that lifts the shell from the magazine and the slide assembly the part that moves the bolt itself. In the new models of the this problem has been cured by the installation of the “flexitab kit”. It is very easy matter to clear this type of jam. Clearing is accomplished by slamming the weapon against a hard surface while racking the action.
The flexitab conversion consists of a carrier assembly, a slide assembly, and a breech block assembly either black or chrome.
Can you find the year a Remington shotgun was made with the serial number
Would you like to merge this question into it? MERGE already exists as an alternate of this question. Would you like to make it the primary and merge this question into it? MERGE exists and is an alternate of.
Jul 10, · The Remington pump shotgun had been around since 12 gauge is the most popular, but if you prefer 20 ga. that is fine. 12 gaguse is kind Status: Resolved.
Date coded IG which is This is the semi auto version of the famous MP5 submachine gun made by the original manufacturer. It features a 30 round detachable magazine, a retractable stock, and a barrel shroud with a vertical fore grip. This rifle is in excellent condition with it’s matte black finish showing virtually no wear.
The action works like new and the gun appears to have been fired very little. Imported from to
20 Gauge Automatic Shotguns for Sale
Even though Springfield Armory used a two-piece firing pin and other slight design alterations, the was in fact a Mauser design and this resulted in the U. By January, over , rifles produced. Due to inconsistent heat treatments, low numbered receivers Springfield Armory below , and Rock Island Arsenal below , should NEVER be fired under any circumstances because of the risk of serious injury or death.
Toward the end of WWI.
my wingmaster was left to me by my father whom was given to him by his father the barrel is not the original barrel so it want tell me the year made, because when i was young long story shortened i shot an old shell in it and the wad caught in barrel i was only about 6 maybe not even that old i remember having to hold the gun by receiver not by the by forearm which is why i still have a.
History of the Model The Model quickly proved to be dependable and super-accurate out of the box. Deer hunters embraced the new rifle, and sales took off. Remington machines a left-handed version of the Model BDL chambered for the 3 most popular deer cartridges,. Legions of lefties cheered. The left-handed production bolt-action hunting rifle was born.
Remington introduces the Model Seven, a mini-version of the Model Remington rolls out the slimmed down, lightweight, compact Model Mountain Rifle with inch barrel. Remington introduces the Model Sendero, designed as the ultimate long-range deer rifle. For top-notch bench-rest accuracy, the Model Sendero has full-length aluminum bedding and wears a heavy, inch stainless barrel with distinctive fluting.
Date of manufacture Remington Wingmaster SN VV
Shane JonesChief Financial Officer: Amy DorseyPost Production Supervisor: Fred GarciaChief of Videography: Marcos Furer, Dusan SmetanaResearch:
Mar 29, · Ruger Shotguns. Below you will find a list of discussions in the Ruger Shotguns forums at the Ruger Forum. The Ruger Shotguns forum is for discussion of: Including All Brands of Shotguns.
He is able to handle this with ease and the felt recoil is easy on his shoulder. I also ordered a couple of chokes that were shipped to the house super quick. He did bust a few clays on his first time out with it and first time shooting skeet. He has confidence in it and for now that’s what matters. The Able’s team was extremely helpful in getting us set up.
They are now my go to shop for future firearm and accessory purchases. It is a great starter gun for a young shooter because it is inexpensive. However, it is also a great gun for shooters of all ages because it is a quality gun. The two I have both function like a gun that costs two or three times as much. I highly recommend this shotgun for anyone who loves to shoot a 20 gauge. I have had the pumps and they have been good guns.
I would like to buy one of these in a 26 or 28 inch barrel if it is made.
remington dates of production
It is an opportunity for us to reflect on the language and ideas that represented each year. So, take a stroll down memory lane to remember all of our past Word of the Year selections. Change It wasn’t trendy , funny, nor was it coined on Twitter , but we thought change told a real story about how our users defined Unlike in , change was no longer a campaign slogan. But, the term still held a lot of weight.
Remington Shotgun in 12 gauge Speaking of highly effective guns for self-defense in the home, a single blast from a 12 gauge with a full power loading of double-aught buckshot is the definition of .
Remington Express 20 gauge? Thu Jan 09, 9: Wed Feb 27, 6: The problem is the quality control they are currently employing or lack thereof. Barrels don’t mate up cleanly to the stocks, sights can be off, fixed forearms can slide forward under recoil, ad infinitum. Go to you local LGS and look at a new Rem.


A report issued by the Straus Project for Military Reform reveals how our old F-16 fighters consistently defeated the new $1.5 trillion F-35 fighter in secret tests – even though the military saddled the F-16s with heavy fuel tanks and armaments. You’l listen how the planes can’t dogfight, they can’t determine friends and foes in long range attacks without revealing their location, and their stealth technology is ineffective. The $600,000 helmet the pilots wear are ineffective in combat, bad weather, and landing. There are 30 million lines of software code to operate the planes. Furthermore, the planes are being dubbed “hangar queens” because they require so much maintenance that pilots only get about one-fifth the training they need. It is a fiasco and Congress is unwilling to stand up to the military/industrial complex to demand accountability. This show is highly detailed and our guest is fascinating.
Guest: Dan Grazier
Learn more at Straus Project for Military Reform
American History Minute:
“A Tramp’s Thoughts” by Tom Neilson


Meet the B-21 Raider
Uploader: Northrop Grumman
Size: 2.27 MB
Date: September 19, 2016
Air Force Secretary Deborah Lee James announced today the B-21 bomber will be called the B-21 Raider. The name represents the historically important role the new long-range stealth bomber will lead for the next 50 years.
The name is a tribute to the sheer bravery and grit displayed by Jimmy Doolittle and the Doolittle Raiders during World War II; and the legacy will now be carried on by future Airmen. Assisting Secretary James on stage to announce the name was one of the original Doolittle Raiders, the last living Doolittle Raider, and Jimmy Doolittle’s co-pilot, 101-year-old Air Force Lt. Col. (ret.) Richard Cole.


Iran captured a CIA Sentinal surveillance drone in December 2011. The Iranian government reported it commandeered the aircraft in Iranian airspace using its cyber warfare unit. Engineers said they jammed the drone’s communications, and then reconfigured the landing coordinates to touch down near Kashmar in northeastern Iran. They immediately began to reverse engineer the stealth drone and extract its data and technology. You can read a commentary on the Sentinel drone capture at Rolling Stone.
The RQ-170 Sentinal is a beautiful UAV developed by Lockheed Martin that uses a flying wing design and a single engine. It reportedly weighs more than 8,000 pounds and has a wingspan of about 66 feet. The medium gray color suggests that it is designed to fly at around 50,000 feet.
Now a copy of the Sentinal drone has taken its first flight, reported by Iran state news agency IRNA. With the information they have gathered from multiple downed drones, Iran can now launch its own UAV production. You can read more at the NY Post.
Update: Flight footage of Iranian version of US RQ-170 Sentinel Stealth Drone:
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