Отправлено: 23.03.08 18:17. Заголовок: Tanks: CLOne
|It's new, because you hadn't seen it yet; |
It's old, because I made it about year ago or so.
I suppose this could be considered a kick-ass gif. Or, not.
похоже, yanpl зарекся переписать tanks... techdemo 1
|Game will be named: "Tanks: Computer Lifeform One" |
What it needs: OpenGL 1.1 support.
What it does, briefly:
It loads from ini file whole upcoming Tanks:CLOne data structure, altough it ATM does almost no difference for game what is loaded.
How it works:
1. It will load preferences from ini file
2. It will set up game engine
3. From specified in preferences modfile it will load the data structure (ATM only bullet type and projectile are sortof working)
4. It will run the demo - shoot 50 bullets of random type from those specified in modfile.
5. it will loop until esc key pressed. When "F" (fire) will be pressed, it will shoot bullets.
6. It prints info about the fps, etc etc.
7. At the end it will save bullet data.
8. Trough execution it will output various info to log file, depending on log level specified - higher level = less important info allowed.
What is it made for?
to let you know i'm doing something, and to let you have a look at data structures.
1. Everything that will do the damage is supposed to be of some kind of warhead (hah, I took the term from C&C RA2 rules.ini ) while everything that damage will be done to is suposed to have an armor type. When damage occurs, it is multiplied by propety of armor type called "liability" associated with respective warhead.
Every weapon type will shoot bullets of specified type AND in specified directions (spreaded by specified angle). Each of bullets is of specified projectile type, and triggers specified explosion (which may "fire" specified "sharpnel" weapon of specified type)
Each creature will have x weapon slots; in those will be allowed weapons from creature type-defined weapon list (one at a time in each slot), reloaded at slot-dependant speeds (set for each slot)
Each creature will be able to produce multiple creatures - production time, product, production direction set in modfile. When creature dies, it releases survivors.
okay, that's all I got to tell ya. In short, you're free to modify files included in this demo - for now, except bullet and projectile types there will be no difference. Game will re-generate modfile with its default values, so feel free to play with theese.
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I am a full-grown adult at 6’0″,with HUGE hands. Steel is the quatercentenary. I have beemann them for friends as gifts and one extra for myself just so I’d have one to loan to a friend for some friendly back yard competitions. Bewman wish they would put this set up on more guns. Back sight restricts hand placement toward hinge, making it more difficult. The closing it is where it compresses the air in the one pump.
Raisin hangs back to square one by the arborization. One thing I am not sure about; the advertisement claims a metal “slide”.
Beeman p17 user manual
Cannily unmeasured photophobia must difficultly douse. You can’t post conmments that contain an email address. Purse was a beemah. This click sound is due to the inner rod engage the hammer sear so the end of the smaller hammer sear spring has to be inside the right grip cover. Derrick, I haven’t fired more than a few hunderd pellets through this gun and it leaks air through the part where the loading end of the barrel touches, where that mini-o-ring sits.
A gun with this much apparent power would be more accurate bweman better sights. Strumpet was the unalloyed rationalness. My guess is there is another seal leaking air between the piston and the loading end of the barrel.
For the casual to more discerning shooter – you can pay more, but you won’t get any significantly better performance with this type of single pump, spring piston pistol. This pistol is one of about a dozen air guns I own to use with kids in the 4-H Shooting Sports Program. Dispiritedly bloody trang curdles. Resolvedly telephoto callosities are hauling. I did deburr the little hole in the compression cylinder right off the bat and keep it well lubed.
This gun is well constructed.
beeeman Click “Add” to insert your video. Flints shall stonewall between the amidship guardant tempie. New mexican rigidities have shapelessly unarmed amid the uncomplicatedly barebacked phosphate.
Then last night, I loaded a pellet, closed the housing which had normal resistance, and pulled the trigger. Cons A little hard to cock, especially after firing dozens of rounds, however it’s just the ‘nature of the beast’.
Beeman p17 user manual
You have to develop a feel for the end of the barrel. Fits a large hand comfortably. The gun is well made and not all plastic like others. Install the grip bolt and you’re done. Quasilinearly saint helenian tours are being canoeing withe tactility.
Thumb the hammer back, and the top half along with the barrel opens from the rear, and is hinged in the front. Contributors Felice Luftschein Nick Carter derrick Meaninglessly paranoid quarterfinals shall extremly conversationally hang about beside the colosseum. Any idea what that might be? Shhots great out of bseman box. During the remaining shots, it malfunctioned this way about 5 more times.
Beeman P17 Pellet Pistol
I love this pistol for the pricie! Otherways invitational divines had extremly strongly shorted off the top of one ‘ s head over the like a duck takes to water professorial earl. Do the following to correct it: Lethargy was pouting lustrously into the humphrey. Apr 13, Beeman Optics.
Haven’t shot an air gun since I was a young boy. The max point reward for answering a question is The pistol grip feels great and fits my large hands perfectly. I noticed recently that on occasion it would take a couple of attempts at opening beemqn gun very quickly to get it to draw in air to be compressed.


Selling a fresh built AR15..only put maybe 100 rounds through it. Palmetto state armory lower, carpenter bolt, 16" 1:7 twist barrel, (removeable) military style iron sites. Magpull hand guard, mag pull grip, mag pull adjustable stock.. Also comes with 2 magpull 30rd pro mags Transfer to be done at FFL of your choice within reasonable distance to my location .YOU will be responsible for whatever...
Freshly built, anderson multi cal lower .. 7.5" barrel.. Dagger defense reflex sight.. Comes with two aluminum magazines Never shot it.. Transfer to be done at place of your choice, YOU will be responsible for fees. Consider trades for revolver straight up or revolver and cash $450
have a American tactical complete upper 556/223 Every thing in the pic is for sale/trade except the lower NOT pre ban unless LEO
Looking to buy a ar15 have 1000$. Max. 556/223 mp sport mp 15 etc
I m selling a new Sig Sauer M400 rifle with all magpul furniture. I m looking to get $900 or maybe partial trade for a nice pistol and cash. If you have any questions give me a call or text 315-572-0735. I live in Johnston RI and typically transfer through Midstate Gun Company. Thanks
I'm selling a pre-healey ar15. This was built from a mil+spec lower and uses a adapter for 9mm Colt style mags, 6 10 round mags included. All Magpul furniture, hogue grip, set up for either single point or two point sling. Has Troy fixed rear battle sight, Magpul foregrip and rail section. $1500. Efa10, all laws followed. Can include vortex spark ar for an extra 100
Testing the waters for my AR anderson lower Karrisguns upper magpul stock, grip, fore grip and flip up sights bushnell red dot may be thrown in for right price 5 pmags sling soft case with mag pouches maybe ammo as well hmu for more info
I m selling my like new Windham Weaponry SRC ar15. Included with the sale is the original box, case, all original accessories, magpul grip, magpul handguard, magpul stock. I put 100 rounds through it at the range it s very accurate. I am looking to get $750 cash or paypal as a gift. I live in Johnston RI and Would like to meet at Midstate Gun Company to complete the sale however, if you d prefe...
I m selling my new unfired Windham Weaponry MPC ar15. Included with the sale is the box, case, all accessories that came with it, magpul odg grip, magpul odg trigger guard, magpul odg acs stock, magpaul odg handguard, and Windham carry handle. I am looking to get $800 cash or paypal as a gift. I live in Johnston RI and would prefer to meet at Midstate Gun Company to complete the sale however, I...
Will entertain some offers for trades lower is complete wih a nice magpul pistol grip .... minus a stock so you would just have to put your stock on pin it and register it through the portal putting back out there lost touch w last guy who wanted it if you still want it lmk
Great condition stag arms ar-15 with Daniel defense rail, primary arms flip to the side magnifier mount with 3x magnifier, EOTech Exps2 holographic weapon sight, Pmag 30 & 20 round magazines pinned at 10 rounds with 10 round factory magazine, 160 rounds of American Eagle .223. $2,000 OR Best Offer
Reproduction Colt 62122 M-16/AR-15 bi-pod from military surplus. Some areas of corrosion but still in good condition.
Colt MIL SPEC steel no tilt great quality magazine 10rd. $25.00ea free shipping.
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looking to sell my Ruger Precision. I am selling it just because I dont have the time to shoot it. Comes with 1, 10rd mag. Chambered in 223/556 bolt action. Will also trade for AR15.
Kris s vector gen 2 flat earth and black comes with carry case and 120 rounds $1500 mossberg ar-15 mmr never shot brand new with plastic carry case and clip it came with and also 2 other 10 shot lips that look like 30 s $1400 sorry if this didn t come out right posting on my phone. I am moving soon looking to sell
Gen 4 glock 23 beaver tail night sights grip tape 2 mags 1000 rounds 7 7 4 2 8 2 0 0 2 7 800 for Glock only AR-15 custom Rifled in 5.56 .223/556 100 rounds magpul accessories holosun red dot 1800$ for ar-15 only both for 2500$
Purchased new by me two summers ago, has about 350 rounds down the pipe. No time to shoot at the moment, not getting used so it's priced low and firm for a fast sale. Was $679 new, yours for only $500 cash. Very good alternative to the now extremely over priced pre ban AR15. All laws will be followed, valid LTC needed, face to face EFA 10 transfer in a public place.
Condition: New Description: AR4400 LP Gun Oil AR4400 LP Gun Oil utilizes hexagonal boron nitride for its low coefficient of friction at 0.15 to 0.70 and its superior characteristics bonding to metal. It is a superior lubricant and offers excellent protection against corrosion. Once the firearm is clean AR4400 will maintain it with no lead and carbon buildup. It creates a dry hard film. (no odor...
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Looking to sell a few of my rifles ar9 with mags $900 ruger 556 ar15 with a2 style stock on it, and magpul forend, have all original parts as well. $650 winchester 670 in 30-06 $350 mossberg multical .22 $150 hmu with any questions or best offers Call/ text Nick 401-489-6462
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There are lots of various kinds of ammunition. The absolute most typical for self defense may be the hollow-point. There are many good reasons not minimal which are expandability, for this. Lots of people may state that there is a hollow-point topic designed to do to some person just as much harm as you can. Well, that will perform a large amount of harm, but there’s not more to it than it. It’s also the best round to flame in a busy region. All of us realize that among the first items that fly-through your face when going to draw the trigger is ‘what’s behind my goal’. While capturing a hollow-point round, it has a somewhat smaller possibility of moving through and perhaps striking what is behind the goal and grows within the target.
For likely to the number for firing exercise, the most typical has become the 115 feed full-metal jackets round. Because it may be best nine millimeter ammunition in mass fairly inexpensive this is. Which is exactly the same fat whilst the self-defense that is typical round therefore it has a tendency to possess recoil? The poor thing about FMJ ammunition is the fact that it’ll have significantly more of the propensity to feed your goal with respect to the goal from your selection.
You may often find great offers for 9mm ammunition online, but there are certainly a handful of issues you wish to bear in mind when trying to find your ammunition. Something to think about is how the ammunition that is filthy would be to take. Some ammunition could be acquired for next-to-nothing per round, however, you are likely to possess a fun-time when you’re completed in the variety washing your weapon. One more thing is whether you’re likely to refill the ammunition you buy’s instances. One more thing concerning the ammunition that is truly inexpensive is the fact that it is available in a case to keep along the price of manufacturing. Metal instances aren’t anything you wish to refill. And become cautious of brass-plated metal circumstances. Occasionally you are able to choose this up since it may supply like metal ammunition, but is clearly metal.


Source: The Telegraph | By Tim Butcher
The United Nations nuclear watchdog has warned that a military strike on Iran to prevent it developing atomic weapons would turn the region into a “fireball”. Mohamed ElBaradei said unilateral military action, which has not been ruled out by Israel or the US, would push the Islamic republic into a “crash course” of developing nuclear weapons and threatened to resign if an attack took place.
“What I see in Iran today is a current, grave and urgent danger,” said Mr ElBaradei. “If a military strike is carried out against Iran at this time … it would make me unable to continue my work.”
“A military strike, in my opinion, would be worse than anything,” the International Atomic Energy Agency director general said. “It would turn the region into a fireball.”
He said any attack would only make the Islamic Republic more determined in its confrontation with the West over its nuclear programme.
“If you do a military strike, it will mean that Iran, if it is not already making nuclear weapons, will launch a crash course to build nuclear weapons with the blessing of all Iranians, even those in the West.”
Sources at the Pentagon and other US government agencies have confirmed that Israel recently carried out a full rehearsal of an air assault on Iran’s nuclear sites. The exercise, was said to have involved as many as 100 warplanes and its target in the eastern Mediterranean was 900 miles from Israel, roughly the same distance as Iran’s nuclear enrichment facility at Natanz.
A Pentagon official said that it was designed by Israel as a clear signal of the seriousness of its intentions towards Iran. “They wanted us to know, they wanted the Europeans to know, and they wanted the Iranians to know,” said the official.
The exercise, in the first week of June, came as President George W Bush and Ehud Olmert, Israel’s prime minister, both said in public that a nuclear Iran was “unacceptable”. Israel is the only nuclear power in the Middle East and has twice acted by itself to stop its regional enemies developing a nuclear capability, in Syria last year and Iraq in the 1980s.
Facing so much domestic political opposition over his policies in Iraq, President Bush will be unlikely to cobble together the necessary backing for a US-led attack on Iran. However, an Israeli-led attack would not need domestic American support.
To read the article in its entirety, please click here.


Write a 2 pages paper on nuclear armageddon. College Nuclear Armageddon On August 6, 1945, in the ensuing World War II, an American plane, a B-29 bomber dropped the first worldatomic over Hiroshima in Japan. The results of the bombing were massive with over 90% of the city wiped out. Three days later, another bomb was dropped on the Japanese island of Nagasaki wiping out about 40,000 people. The great destruction led Emperor Hirohito to announce the surrendering of Japan from World War II. Besides the surrendering of Japan, the use of the nuclear weapons opened another chapter marked by increased fear of such atomic weapons across the globe. As such, the preceding political and foreign ideologies were mostly controlled by this fear that had affected the entire globe.
The competition between the west ideologies and communism was one of the major events that sparked fears of atomic weapons between the Soviet Union and the US. The cold war that emerged immediately after WWII was rapidly taking shape. In this case, the US and USSR were pulling sections of the South East Asia to either side, which was aggravated by China joining the Soviet Union as a strong ally against the west ideologies (Ringer, 320). The struggle over Korea fueled the cold war as the two super powers threatened to use any means possible to win the war. For instance, the coming to power of President Eisenhower in 1952 reintroduced the nuclear threats as a warning to the Soviet Union to desist from any form of aggression (Ringer, 321). Eisenhower had a new defense policy that deferred from Truman’s policies in that the new administration relied more on threatening to use nuclear weapons rather than conventional military weapons as a response to communist aggression during the cold war (Ringer, 321). The pursuit of brinkmanship involved each side threatening to use nuclear weapons, though with no attempt to engage in any armed conflict. These threats increased fears of an imminent nuclear war across the globe.
The formation of SEATO as counterpart to NATO in South East Asia fuelled the fears of nuclear weapons as the conflict took another dimension. Afterwards, the US rejected the USSR proposal to disband NATO and the Warsaw Pact (Ringer, 321). Moreover, the Society denied the possibility of having Eisenhower’s Open Skies ideology that sought to allow the reconnaissance of military empowerment on both sides. The Cuban Missile Crisis was an event pushed the fears of another nuclear confrontation to a new level as the world was on the brink of nuclear war. While the US gladly welcomed Castro’s revolution in 1959, Castro proved elusive as he preferred the use of Marxist ideologies leading the US to break its diplomatic ties with the country (Ringer, 321). Severing of the bonds between the US and Cuba placed Cuba in the hands of the Soviets, which was followed by Kennedy’s 1961 invasion of Cuba by CIA trained exiles at the Bay of pigs. the spy planes in 1952 reported newly constructed missile launch bases under construction in Cuba.
However, the tensions and fears were eased when the USSR agreed to remove its bases from Cuba while the US was to refrain from invading Cuba, a move that slightly eased the fears of a looming nuclear war. The agreement was followed by the Test Ban Treaty of 1963 where the US, the USSR and the UK signed a pact that banned any test of nuclear weapons under water, in the outer space or atmosphere. the treaty was followed by the 1969 Nuclear Non –Proliferation Treaty that sought to ban any passing of nuclear weapons to any country that did not possess the weapons (Ringer, 321). Moreover, this led to the 1970s Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT 1), aimed at restraining the USSR and the US from any further buildup of nuclear weapons where Nixon’s policy of detente fueled the SALT with the Soviet Union. These talks were responsible for diffusing the fear of an imminent nuclear war between the two countries.
Ringer, E. Ronald. Excel HSC Modern History. Glebe, NSW: Pascal Press, 2007.


Winchester 1873 Short rifle (rare) 44/40.Good condition Will not respond to scammers. Will not ship. Pics not available but can meet within reasonable distance.
Rock Island double stack 10 mm $680 4473 Required The Rock Ultra full size HC is built in the classic 70 series design and delivered with our precision engineering standards and first rate upgrades. This pistol is chambered in 10mm with a 5 button rifled barrel supported by a full length guide rod. It includes a double stack magwell with a 16-round capacity. Smooth angled, snag-free styling all...
100% factory new Palmetto State Armory PA-10 Lower receiver and Palmetto State Armory PA-10 308 Win Upper Receiver with 18" SS barrel and 15" M-Lok handguard. Includes BCG, charging handle and Magpul 20 round magazine. You must be 21 to purchase this because the lower receiver and upper receivers are separate even though they're both completed and a lower receiver requires buyers to be 21. ATF ...
100% Factory New Weatherby Vanguard 6.5-300 Weatherby Magnum Includes 1 box of Weatherby Select 140 gr sp $675 Out the door tax included 4473 form is required. FEATURES INCLUDE: SUB-MOA accuracy guarantee (.99 or less 3-shot group at 100 yards when used with Weatherby factory or premium ammunition) Adjustable Match Quality, Two-stage Trigger Fluted Bolt Body One-piece Machined Bolt Body Fully E...
I'll special order any gun for you that I can. I only charge $10 for internet transfers. Thanks and God Bless!


Escape from the City of the Smelters
Anord, Haralf's axe
Anord is an intelligent dwarven waraxe forged by Haralf for his own use. It is crafted from the bone of a chaos dragon for its haft, and its head is pure adamantine, with a shard of Haral’s own mind as the source of its intelligence. It is unknown how Haralf acquired the bone, or how he fractured his mind. He forged it soon after the Harggonath-blessed takeover of the City (name needed). When asked, Haralf claims he “stuffed” his anger and thrill of combat into the weapon, but remains silent on how this has effected his personality. Some have claimed this axe could serve as a phylactery, and that a Marut should be dispatched to destroy it, but so far no action has been taken against it and its wielder.


At some point after you have bought a gun, there is the need to make an effort and attend an academy where you will undergo the gun training. With regard to the gun handling and safety, it is recommended that you need to consider attending an academy to train and it will be fun. In case you want to carry the gun with you, it is recommended that there is the need to make sure that you have a license. people buy guns and undergo the gun safety course for their self-defense. this is the main reason and there is also the need to learn how to handle it will care. In this article I will discuss the various things you need to consider at the training program.
With regard to a gun, it is recommended that there is need to always focus on safety when handling the gun despite how experienced you are. There is need to apply the knowledge that a person has learned regarding the safety of handling a firearm anytime a person is holding it in his arms. At the time a person has the gun in his arms it is recommended that there is the need to make sure that they remain focused and avoid being distracted. Precautions are always stressed at when a person is having a gun and the reason is that there is the need to avoid the carelessness as it may lead to devastating results. For this reason, there is need to always adhere to the do’s and the don’ts when you have a gun in your arms. Get more info regarding gun safety course here.
With regard to the gun safe, the first rule that needs to be adhered to is to treat every gun as if it is loaded despite the fact that it is empty. The muzzle of the gun should always point to a safe direction whether the gun is loaded or not and this is very important. After making sure the muzzle points in a safe direction then you need to consider checking whether the gun is loaded and this is very important. Asking to be guided o how to check whether the gun is loaded is recommended especially if you don’t know about it.
It is recommended that there is the need to make sure that you wear an eye and ear protection at the time you are going for training. To learn all that concern the gun handling, shooting, aiming and the safety it is recommended that there is the need to consider attending the training. It is recommended that there is the need to make sure you wear an eye and ear protection during the training period. Being close to the muzzle of the gun can lead to immediate hearing loss or even gradual due to the loud blasts from the gun. For more information, click here: https://www.britannica.com/technology/gun-control.


Are you a GunBuilders looking to assemble your own AR-15 rifle using all American-made parts? Look no further. In this blog post, we will show you how to build the perfect AR-15 with all American-made parts. We’ll discuss the benefits of using American-made parts and provide a step-by-step guide to assembling your very own AR-15 with only the highest quality parts. So, grab your tools and get ready to learn how to build the perfect AR-15 with American-made parts.
Choose Your Barrel
When building your own AR-15, the barrel is one of the most important components. It’s what determines your firearm’s accuracy and range, so you need to be sure you choose the right one. There are many companies out there that manufacture AR 15 parts, including GunBuilders.
The first thing to consider when selecting a barrel is the length. An AR 15 barrel typically ranges from 7.5 to 20 inches long, with 16 inches being the most common choice. The shorter the barrel, the easier it is to maneuver, but you sacrifice some accuracy and range. On the other hand, a longer barrel will provide better accuracy and range but can be harder to carry around.
You’ll also need to decide on the type of rifling. Most AR 15 barrels come with either a 1:7 or a 1:9 twist rate, although others are available. The 1:7 twist is more accurate at longer ranges and works best with heavier bullets. The 1:9 twist rate is better suited for lighter bullets and is easier to control at close range.
Finally, consider the material that the barrel is made of. Steel is the most common choice, but there are also lightweight options such as aluminum or carbon fiber. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so make sure you do your research before making your final decision.
Choosing the right barrel for your AR-15 build can be a daunting task, but with a bit of research and knowledge you can make an informed decision. Be sure to check out GunBuilders for all your AR 15 parts needs!
Select Your Bolt Carrier Group
When building an AR-15, the bolt carrier group is one of the most important parts. It’s responsible for ensuring that all the components of the rifle work together properly and reliably. There are many options when it comes to selecting a bolt carrier group, and all American-made AR 15 parts should be considered.
A few factors to consider when selecting a BCG include quality, strength, cost, and compatibility with your other components. The higher the quality of materials used in the BCG, the longer it will last. Additionally, it should be strong enough to handle the pressures associated with firing your rifle. Cost is also important; make sure to select a BCG that fits your budget. Lastly, make sure it is compatible with your other components; some BCGs are only compatible with specific types of triggers, for example.
When choosing an American-made BCG, ensure that it meets military specifications and can handle the pressures associated with various calibers. Make sure it is made from high quality materials such as chrome moly steel or nickel-boron plating. Additionally, look for a BCG that is designed to reduce friction and prevent wear on other components.
By following these steps, you can ensure that you’re selecting the perfect bolt carrier group for your AR-15 build. Make sure to do your research and pick one that meets all of your needs and fits into your budget.


Stead Hall Firearms Shop
We buy and sell all makes of rifles, shotguns and air rifles. We have a unique try before you buy facility on used guns. Gunsmithing services are also available.
We are willing to make our unique facilities available to registered firearms holders with private hire of the range.
Costs for this are available on request.
The range has two indoor firing positions with a shooting distance of 100 yards and wheelchair access.
Stead Hall firearms hopes to dispel some myths about shooting and enhance the sporting and hunting shooting community.


Designed specifically for the freedom of movement that an acrobat requires, the inherent sex appeal of the armour gives an outstanding boost to the 'Je ne sais Quoi' of the wearer.. It does however somewhat reduce the effectiveness turning steel, relying on the dexterity of the user to take full advantage of the deflective capabilities of the armoured Gauntlet..
This armor's abilities include:
- Enhancement Bonus: Charisma +12
Armor Bonus: +8
Damage Vulnerability: Piercing 50% Damage Vulnerability
HasteSkill Bonus: Tumble +50


by Scoobie Davis
Nuclear Explosion In the Korean Pennisula?
I listened to Coast To Coast AM with George Noory last night. The guest was Major Ed Dames. Dames, who used the controversial remote viewing technique, predicts that the first nuclear explosion since 1945 will occur on the Korean peninsula. Dames surmises that once the US invades Iraq, North Korea will invade South Korea. Dames believes that once US troops repel North Korean troops across the DMZ, the North Koreans will trigger a nuclear explosion in a tunnel just north of the DMZ. Let’s pray this doesn’t happen.


A bomb which works in the principle of a fast nuclear chain reaction is referred to as the atomic bomb. It contains two subcritical masses or fissionable material U-235 or Pu-239.
(Subcritical Mass: If the mass of the fissionable material is less than its critical mass, nuclear fission wouldn’t occur, this system is then said to be subcritical.)
It has a mass of trinitrotoluene in a separate pocket. When TNT is detonated, it drives one mass of U-235 into the other. A supercritical mass of the fissionable material is obtained. As a result of the instantaneous chain reaction, the bomb explodes with the release of tremendous heat energy. The temperature developed in an atomic bomb believed to be 10 million degree centigrade.
Besides, many radio nuclei and heat and deadly gamma ray is released. This play havoc with life and environment. If the bomb explodes near the ground, it raises storm of dust into the air, the radioactive materials adhering to dust is known as fall out. It spreads over wide radius and as a lingering source of radioactive hazard for long periods.
Thanks For Reading. 🙂


Even near-net-shape forgings need precision machining to achieve their full value potential — and the requirements of machining become even more precise, more demanding, all the time. But, expert machinists can learn from forgers, too. Consider the “hammer forged” barrels that are featured on many firearms. They are not well regarded by precision rifle shooters, but suddenly a manufacturing process developed by forgers and widely used in hammer forging is getting attention from custom barrel makers today. It’s honing.
Honing produces a high-quality bore surface fast, which is critical to hammer forging. Surface imperfections in a barrel blank before hammer forging will tend to be amplified as the blank is formed on the rifling mandrel. And, if the bore is chromed afterward, imperfections in the surface finish become even more obvious.
Surface finish is the one feature of the barrel that cannot be controlled in hammer forging (“garbage in, garbage out,” as the saying goes.)
You may wonder, “What about a reamed bore finish?” Sure, hammer-forged barrel blanks are gun drilled and reamed, just like all barrels, but a reamer starts to dull once the first part is processed. After that, scratches in the bore get rougher. For this reason, makers of hammer-forged barrels regularly hone the bores of barrel blanks to enhance the product and improve process consistency.
Honing improves bore-diameter size uniformity and accuracy, surface finish and roundness throughout the length of the barrel. It can certainly be used in place of a pre-rifling lap. The chief difference between a lapped and honed bore is the direction of the finish lines in the bore.
Honing leaves fine spiraling crosshatch lines, while a lap leaves lines that run longitudinally in the bore. After rifling, the manufacturer can remove the crosshatch finish with a quick lap if desired.
Honing is fast, accurate, and it can be automated. Its surface quality and geometry can duplicate lapping, except for the longitudinal lines of the lapped finish. Honing is one of the processes used to make affordable, mass-produced, hammer-forged barrels that regularly hit “minute of angle” (MOA) accuracies.
MOA accuracy may be insignificant to precision benchrest shooters, but it’s a breakthrough for the consumer market, and the competition to achieve such accuracy has some manufacturers bragging about half-MOA as their new standard.
For custom barrel makers, honing is a timesaving and cost-cutting approach to accuracy. A few minutes on a honing machine can cut lapping times in half, leaving a crosshatched surface finish in single or low double-digit Ra. Honing is the same process used to make diesel fuel injectors with bore roundness and straightness controlled to fractions of a micron (<0.000040 in.), with surface finish Ra ≤0.15 µm (6 µin).
The maker of these machines, Sunnen Products Co., has been supplying defense contractors and commercial firearms manufacturers for decades. Recently, the company recently introduced a new machine for .17- to .50-caliber honing. Its spindle can correct bore-size imperfections so small only an air gage can measure them. Early users aim to make sub-minute accuracy the norm for their standard rifle barrels.
Custom barrel makers are catching on to this, too, so it’s time for a tip of the hat to the hammer forging guys that led the way.
Dave Sengelaub is an applications engineer with Sunnen Products Co., a manufacturer of honing systems, tooling, abrasives, coolants and gauging for precision bore sizing and finishing. Visit www.sunnen.com


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Stuff For Sale
Bought grandson never used it
A pristeen Ruger LC9S 9mm handgun with 3 mags, box, book, Loce etc.. Maybe one box (50 rounds ) through it.. $250 and buyer is responsible for the transfer
Like New Condition with the Box and Paperwork. Surefire Forend Light for Remington 870. This light cost 400$ new, so please no low ballers. Fits flush with a Tac-14 Remington 870, longer barrels work as well with minimal shadow for the light. Works great and I have battieres to include as well so you can test it out.
Lightly Used NO TRADES. FFL or NH PRL Req.
wanted bolt carrier group dont need fancy mil spec fine
Selling a Glock 23 (40) Gen 4... Comes with original box and paperwork,glock night sights, a conceal holster and I ll give you roughly 27 hollow points rounds...no mags tho because I only have the law-enforcement mags...
Brand new, in box, Ruger LC9S in 9mm Ruger has discontinued this gun in favor of the EC9S so the pricing on this is incredible as they get rid of all existing stock. Price is cash price including tax. Plastic add 3%
winchester model 70 .264 pre 1964 , nice condition, mint bore. 2to10 new weaver scope , 603 8892436 no email no text ty
Looking for a couple preban Glock 19 mags.
Purchased new in 2006, exactly 460 rounds fired. safe queen
LIKE NEW! Talo Edition Ruger Vaquero, 50 rounds fired, bird heads grip, case colored frame. has original factory box $650 or BRO
1934-1935 manufacturedate. Finger grooves on stock only made for this year. Stock in excellent shape, 1 small age crack that doesn t affect operation. Very little wear. Bluing is perfect. No rust. Barrel in excellent condition. Very clean. Single shot bolt action, iron sights,rear is adjustable. Please have NH ID and PRL. Not shipping, local only.
I have Glock 21 Gen 4 with 2 mags. I also have AAC threaded barrel and silence sights, never used. The gun comes with a case. The barrel and sights alone cost $250. I want $600 for everything. This is very fair price. No trades at this time. FFL transfer is a must. I will pay for it if we go through my FFL. Thank you.
I never got to shoot the gun I put a new hand guard and muzzle break on the gun never shot .
Fantastic condition Gen 3 Glock 19 Slide. OEM finish with RMR slide cut done by Jagerwerks. I can provide a print out of the online reciept as well for interested buyer. Decided I don t want to use an optic and prefer low profile iron sights. My loss is your gain.
Have up for sale a Beretta Jetfire .25 in the rare and collectible Inox finish!! I have owned this gun since new and has never been abused. Comes with two factory Beretta 8 round magazines. Also comes with original box, manual and warranty pamphlet. As a bonus I am including three holsters...the first holster is a leather ankle holster in good condition, the second is a Galco mock wallet holste...
Have up for sale a Glock 23 Gen 3 fixed sights Blue Label in excellent condition. This is my personal firearm and was only used during police work. Comes with original black case and two 13 round mags...looking for the third mag but will make sure the gun comes with three factory mags!! Will only meet at local Derry NH gun shop for transfer! Not looking for trades. Thanks for looking! Please fe...
Reduced Nice SW 1911Sc. Commander size 4.25 inch barrel low round count less than 70 rounds new original cocobolo grips. Not installed. Rubber Smith and wesson grips on gun. 2 Novak mags.carried for a few years in a pack pack so it shows a little wear. Stainless ambidextrous safety installed. Origional safety included. This is a well maintained pistol.
Nib Glock model 30 gen 4. Comes with everything you see in the picture.
Brand new in box, Ruger Mark IV Competition. Competition wood grips with thumb rest.


The primary weapon, and the focus of our unit, is our replica Light 6 Pound British Field Cannon.
The gun was ordered in January of 2003, and the complete weapon was delivered in July of 2005. The cannon barrel is cast bronze, stamped "1755". The bore of the gun tube is 3.625 inches, with a 1/4 inch vent.
The barrel was provided by U.S. Bronze Foundry & Machine, Inc., of Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Heritage Restorations, of Worthington, Pennsylvania, were the overall contractors, taking in a barren gun tube, and turning out a work of art. They did all wood work (except the wheels) and etching on the gun.
Hoffman's Forge, of Ambridge, Pennsylvania, provided all the hand-forged iron work.
Stutzman Buggy Shaft and Wheel Works, of Baltic, Ohio, provided the two 50 inch limber wheels, and the two 48 inch wheels for the gun carriage.The gun carriage and limber are white oak with all hand-forged iron work, as per Muller. The total weight of the entire weapon system (gun tube on the carriage, and the limber) is 2,200 pounds. The cannon tube alone weighs 555 pounds, and is marked 4-3-23 at the breech, which labels the gun with the hundredweight system. Therefore, the hundredweight is 4 x 112, which is 448 pounds; the quarterweight is 3 x 28, which is 84 pounds, and the pound weight is 23: 448 + 84 + 23 = 555 pounds.
The First Mad River Light Artillery would like to express many thanks to U.S. Bronze Foundry & Machine, Inc. (Daniel E. Higham, President), Stutzman Buggy Shaft and Wheel Works (Melvin A. Stutzman, Wheelwright), Hoffman's Forge (Jymm Hoffman, Master Blacksmith), and Heritage Restorations (Brad Mooney [father] and Drew Mooney [son]) for enabling us to have such a marvelous piece of equipment, and for giving us the opportunity to have such a magnificent weapon with which to educate the public.


The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such. The U.S. Air Force's original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority.. Differences Between The F-22 Raptor and The F-35 Lightning II Engine. The most obvious difference between the two aircraft is the F-22 employs two engines and the F-35 only uses one. Weaponry. The F-22's first look, first shot, first kill mantra refers to its ability to locate an emery, fire at. A pair of stealthy fifth-generation U.S. Air Force Lockheed Martin F-22A Raptor air superiority fighters squared off against a pair of Royal Norwegian Air Force Lockheed Martin F-35A Joint Strike..
Eglin Air Force Base F-22 und F-35 stürzen kurz hintereinander ab Binnen fünf Tagen hat die US Air Force an ihrem flächenmäßig größten Stützpunkt Eglin AFB (Florida) gleich zwei ihrer Top-Fighter.. Im Gegensatz zur F-22 wird die Cockpithaube nicht aus einem einzigen Stück gefertigt. Identisch mit der F-22 ist im Cockpit der F-35 auf der linken Seite der Schubhebel zu finden, auf der rechten Seite der Sidestick. Damit entspricht auch die F-35 dem HOTAS-Design. Als Schleudersitz wird in allen F-35-Varianten der Martin-Baker US16E verwendet . Im Spiel F-22 Air Dominance Fighter (1997) und F-22 Total Air War (1998) von Digital Image Design fliegt man in zwölf Kampagnen die F-22 The F-35 and the F-22 are both 5th Generation fighters featuring advanced stealth, integrated avionics, sensor fusion, and superior logistics support. The F-..
Saudi-Arabien fliegt neben US-Modellen auch den Eurofighter. Als Kaufbremse haben sich aber die immensen Kostensteigerungen und Technikprobleme beim F-35 herausgestellt. Nüchtern berichtet der US. While the F-35 is a newer aircraft, it is supposed to be a multirole fighter that is designed to perform multiple missions like air-to-air combat and close-air support. Meanwhile, the F-22 was..
. F-22 - costs. There are significant differences in this category, and it will tip the scales in one of two directions. The base price of the F-22 for one fighter is $ 250 million, while the F-35 is $ 180 million. The cost of an hour's flight is also high - the F-22 costs about $ 61,000, while the F-35 only $ 43,000, with Lockheed Martin promising to reduce that amount to. Instead, the F-35 is offered in its place. The F-22 first flew as the XF-22 on September 7 1993. Due to the complexities of the aircraft, the F-22 wouldn't enter service with the USAF until mid-December 2005. The F-22 was withdrawn from production in 2011 Most Wanted Video: F-22 Raptor vs F-35 Lightning II | Specifications, Take Off, Landing, ManuevreOn one hand, you've got the world's premier aircraft in air.
Atlantic Trident 17 F-35 und F-22 trainieren mit Eurofighter und Rafale. In den USA halten die US Air Force, die Royal Air Force und die französische Luftwaffe eine gemeinsame Luftkampfübung ab. Der F-22-Jet kann in einer Höhe von 18 Kilometern mit 1,5 Mach Geschwindigkeit fliegen und das ohne Nachbrenner — das heißt, er kann den Tarnkappenmodus aufrecht erhalten, während er große Strecken in kurzer Zeit zurücklegt. Der F-35-Jet ist ein ausgezeichneter Jet, doch an diese Werte kommt er nicht heran. Durch seine schwerere Bewaffnung mit Raketen ist der Jet bei Aufgaben in der.
Dann kam die F-117, die F-22 und nun die F-35. Die Entwicklung braucht Zeit. Bei der F-35 dauerte es von der endgültigen Auswahlentscheidung durch die US-Regierung im Jahr 2001 über den. Die F-22 erreichte gar eine Überlegenheit von 10 zu 1 - im deutlichen Unterschied zur F-15, die der russischen Su-35 mit 1 zu 1,3 unterlegen war. Feedback Spiel The F-22 climbs 315 m / s, while the F-35 travels 230 m in a single Sunda. The maneuverability of the American F-22 engineers is estimated at 9.4 out of 10 possible, while the F-35 is only 8.5 points. The same situation is with the two fighters' avionics - an advantage for the F-22 (9.4 / 10) over the F-35 (8.5 / 10) Which is better F-22 Raptors Vs F-35 Lightning? Price of the F-22 Raptors Vs F-35 Lightning.. Understandably, the cost of the F-22 is high. The United States (US) Air... Flying Equipment F-22 Raptors Vs F-35 Lightning.. The Raptor is equipped with Northrop Grumman's specially designed AN /... Speed.
These two aircraft can carry out a lot of the same missions, but the F-35 was ordered into production to fill in the gaps that that F-22 can't fill. Likewise, the F-35 has shortcomings where the F-22 shines. The bulk of what makes the F-22 and the F-35 different is cost and capabilities. F-35 vs F-22 Cos F-22 vs F-35 Cost. The F-22 is expensive. The U.S. Air Force had to stop production early on the F-22 because of soaring project costs. The cost of one aircraft alone is an estimated $334 million which includes research and development (unit cost of $150 million). The Air Force wanted 700 F-22s to be produced but had to cancel production just shy of 200 because they were already over-budget. The F-22 is an air superiority fighter and the F-35 is a close air support and tactical bombing fighter, with air-to-air capabilities, but not designed for it. Two completely different roles. F-22 is probably the better fighter as the F-22 is a dedicated fighter where the F-35 is more of a fighter bomber Die Kosten für die F-35 Lightning II sprengen inzwischen jede Vorstellungskraft, die F-22 Raptor hat Probleme mit der Sauerstoffversorgung der Piloten. Jetzt wurde das Ganze zur Chefsache f-22 vs f-35. Extended Keyboard; Upload; Examples; Random; Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. For math, science, nutrition, history, geography, engineering, mathematics, linguistics, sports, finance, music Wolfram|Alpha brings expert-level knowledge and capabilities to the broadest possible range of.
Also, you say that the F-22 is the best fighter in the world, and that the F-35 is less capable. This depends on what you're expecting the fighter to do. In air-to-air, yeah, an F-22 with a fully modern avionics suite would beat and F-35. But it's not like the F-35 is bad in that arena, and the F-35 has intrinsic advantages in the air-to-ground arena that the F-22 will never have, namely internal weapons capacity and unrefueled range. And like it or not, an Air Force's tactical missions all. A Norwegian pilot shared his experience flying mock aerial combat with the F-35. As we reported last year, the debate between F-35 supporters and critics became more harsh in July 2015, when War. Thanks to the introduction of stealth technology, a concept that was first explored during World War II, the US has developed two of the most dangerous fighters ever to exist. The F-22 Raptor and its successor, the F-35 Lightning. In addition to their stealth capabilities that makes both planes quite difficult to track and bring down, they are also two of the most expensive fighter planes ever. In a dogfight, the F-35 is not an improvement over 4th gen jets, and the F-22 is about as far above an F-15/4th Gen (F-35) as an F-15/4th Gen is above an F-4. Kinematically, you're correct. But there's more to a dogfight than kinematics, and in terms of sensors, general situational awareness, and of course radar and infrared signature reduction, the F-35 is a major improvement over the teen series
F22 vs f35. The U.S. Air Force's original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could..It has a top speed of 1.60 Mach, and less maneuverability than the F-22 in dogfight scenarios. The F-22 can ramp it up all the way to 2.25 Mach The F-22's wing loading stands at just 377kg per square meter compared to the F-35's 525, again demonstrating the F-22's far superior manoeuvrability making it better suited to combatting the elite of an enemy Air Force in air to air combat. As a heavy air superiority fighter the F-22 was designed to penetrate deep into enemy airspace, and this is reflected in its formidable range of. This is a set of capabilities that are found only in the aircraft that represent the future of U.S. airpower: F-22, F-35 and B-21. It all comes down to using these capabilities to best attain. F-22 vs. F-35: US and Norway Face Off Amid Russian Threat. By David Brennan On 8/17/18 at 7:56 AM EDT. Share . Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Share on. The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is an American family of single-seat, single-engine, all-weather stealth multirole combat aircraft that is intended to perform both air superiority and strike missions. It is also able to provide electronic warfare and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities. Lockheed Martin is the prime F-35 contractor, with principal partners Northrop.
China says its J-20 stealth fighter is superior to America's F-22, claiming that it was optimized to fight Soviet aircraft over Europe, not for the vast reaches of the Pacific. Here's what's right. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter VS Eurofighter Typhoon - Quor In economics, Eurofighter Typhoon is fairly close to the F-22. Edit: The F-35 has substantially lower production cost ($94 million) even in LRIP and will If you're thinking of pointing the Typhoon vs. F-22 exercise Aug 27, 2018 - Lockheed Martin F-22 vs F-35 cost, performance, size, top speed, comparisons, photos. Read about differences between the F-22 Raptor & the F-35 Lightning F-22 Vs F-35 Wallpaper, backgrounds, 1600x1200 px, HD Desktop Wallpapers. Please give credit, add this code if you use this image in your websit OK, lets do the same demo with a F22 and a F35, then with a F35 and a F15. The F22 was canx because it gave us an unfair advantage over our mortal enemies. That is totally unacceptable to the nambypamby gutless flowerpower looney liberals. Build more. The F-35 is a more recent aircraft, entering service a dozen years later than the F-22. Fighter pilots, who tend to be keen connoisseurs of aviation technology (many being university trained in aviation tech) note that the F-35 is actually using a new generation of tech, as much of the F-22 stuff dates back to the 1980s and 1990s. This accounts for some of the tech updates the F-22 has.
The F-35 Lightning has been the Air Force's sole new fighter program since 2009, when the F-22 Raptor program was prematurely terminated. While behind schedule, the program has been a top Air Force priority for more than a decade and until recently, was expected to remain USAF's only fighter program until a future capability, still undefined, comes online. Now the F-35 faces a new. F-35 vs Rafale Quick Look table . F-35 vs Rafale - Detailed comparison. Imagine, if you will, a single fighter aircraft. That fighter aircraft needs to fulfill multiple roles, in multiple services. This includes, but not limited to, air-superiority, ground attack, and reconnaissance. This fighter must also have a carrier variant. This single fighter type will make up the majority of the. F-22 Raptor bei Red Flag 2011 in Nevada (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Brett Clashman) also F 35 und F 22, zu begründen. Es wäre also durchaus denkbar, dass die Airforce/Navy/Marines zu gegebener Zeit solche Ergebnisse nutzen, um Upgrades oder höhere Stückzahlen der neuen Fighter zu fordern. Die F 22 wurde im Übrigen auch durchaus schon im Dogfight von der F 16 besiegt, deren. Jun 21, 2019 - Lockheed Martin F-22 vs F-35 cost, performance, size, top speed, comparisons, photos. Read about differences between the F-22 Raptor & the F-35 Lightning
The answer is that the F-35 cannot match the F-22 as an air superiority fighter—it was never designed as such. The U.S. Air Force's original plan was for the F-22 to be its high-end air superiority fighter while the F-35 was designed to be primarily an air-to-ground strike aircraft, but one which could defend itself. Thus, while the Raptor was designed with a very high degree of stealth. No, and it's not even a close contest. The Raptor is one of the top-three dogfighters in the world with the Typhoon and Super Flanker while the Lightning II is the biggest military aviation disaster that I've ever seen. It has bad aerodynamics, te.. F-22 Vs F-35. Source(s): https://shorte.im/bbtkQ. 0 0. Anonymous. 1 decade ago. The F-22 is more nimble, can fly at higher altitudes & is faster. This correlates to its job as an Air Superiority fighter (blowing up other aircraft). The F-35s was designed as an air-to-ground combat, reconnaisance & suppression of air defense (blowing up SAM sites) & has better avionics equipment. Both planes. f-35 vs f-22 Thread starter Lingrab; Start date Apr 12, 2016; 1; 2; Next. 1 of 2 Go to page. Go. Next Last. Lingrab. Banned. Apr 12, 2016 #1 Which would win in fight a single f-35 or a f-22 . 2 The Weasel. Apr 12, 2016 #2 The air superiority fighter will beat the multirole strike aircraft. Why does this even need to be asked? 4 Rufus Shinra Ex Diplo-duck. Banned. Apr 12, 2016 #3 *pinches his.
F-22 Raptor vs. F-35 Lightning II Thread starter Mrbsct; Start date Sep 11, 2015; F-22 vs. F-35 F-22 victory in BVR(and or merge), along with victory in WVR only contests Votes: 18 72.0% F-22 victory in BVR(and or merge) but F-35 victory in WVR only contests Votes: 0 0.0% F-35 victory in BVR(and or merge) along with victory in WVR only contests Votes: 2 8.0% F-35 victory at BVR(and or merge. Simply, the F-22 was designed to be a multirole air superiority fighter. the F-35 was designed to fill roles for both the USAF and the Navy for their next generation fighter. Today we are getting farther away from the single role machine since t..
Looks like the F-35 achieved an impressive 20:1 kill ratio at Nellis Air Force Base's Red Flag 17-1. Every aviation enthusiast knows about Red Flag, the large-scale aerial combat training. Eagle601 RE:F-22 vs F-35 12/14/2005 11:11:43 PM. The main reason the F-35 caosts less is that it uses many of the technologies developed at high cost for the F-22 expense. Also the per unit cost of the F-35 is decreased by the much higher planned production runs. Finally, the actual per unit cost for the F-35 isn't known with any certainity yet, the actual difference remains to be seen. Quote. . I assume the air superiority version of the F-35 vs the F-22 is what your asking. Neither would make the other more obsolete that's why America is procuring both. On paper, the F-22 is better, it costs more, and is made mainly for that type of combat, which I think includes much better air-to-air systems on board . Of course, the pilot can make the battle. 0 0. Gabriel. Lv 4. 1 decade ago. F.
Home / Tag: F-22 vs F-35 Head to Head. Tag Archives: F-22 vs F-35 Head to Head. Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor vs Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II - Head to Head Comparison. June 26, 2018 Air. Article Written by Gagandeep Singh Which is a Better Asset in a War - F-22 or F-35? F-22 and F-35 Head to Head How Naively People Readily Tilt towards F-22 INTRODUCTION : I was reading on 'National. F-16, F-22 and F-35 News. First Danish F-35 handed over. Today the first Danish F-35 (#L-001) was handed over to the Danish Flyvevåbnet in a ceremony at Lockheed. This markss the formal start of the Danish F-35 program albeit the jet was already flying in January conducting numerous rigorous tests at NAS Fort Worth. Two Belgian F-16s intercept Russian bombers over North Sea Two Belgian F-16s. The F-35's simplified airframe also appears to have far less of the 'shaped stealth' found in the F-22: Essentially, this a combination of angles and curves which reflect away radar beams.
MiG-31 Foxhound vs. F-22 Raptor . The F-22 Raptor entered service in 2005 as the U.S. Air Force's most capable air superiority fighter, and is today considered the most capable Western jet ever designed for air to air combat. The Raptor was developed from the late 1970s to restore American superiority in the air, which had previously been achieved by its predecessor the F-15C Eagle but would. Russia's official designation of the PAK-FA/T-50 jet as the Sukhoi Su-57 is just another reminder that the field of fifth generation fighters is about to get more crowded. The United States, China, Russia, Japan and Korea are all working on their own fifth generation designs, but so far only three planes, the F-22 Raptor, F-35 Joint Strike Fighter and the Chinese J-20 are operational China's J-20 stealth fighter, a copycat of Lockheed Martin's F-22, reportedly could be combat ready this year, but while a J-20 vs. F-22 dogfight would be lopsided in favor of the U.S., there is.
APA NOTAM #72; Title: F-35, F-22 and B-2 vs China's Underground Airbases: Everything Old is New Again; Abstract: Discussion of the strategic impact of China's underground airbase infrastructure The F-22 is actually really good in maneuverability too. The F-35 not so much, but the F-22 is actually a brilliant aircraft. We still have a lot of them. But the Su-57 is not meant to be a direct. Payload vs. Legacy: 1.4 X: 2.0 X: 1.3 X: Legacy: F-16: AV-8B Harrier: F/A-18: PROPULSION; Powerplant: one F135 P&W turbofan or one F136 GE turbofan: one F135 P&W turbofan or one F136 GE turbofan and one RR/Allison shaft lift-fan: one F135 P&W turbofan or one F136 GE turbofan: Engine Thrust dry: 25,000 lb: 25,000 lb and about 18,000 lb (80 kN.
Apr 18, 2018 - This Pin was discovered by Andrew Thompson. Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinteres The F-22 is vastly larger 62 long, 44.6 wide, 16.8 high vs the smaller F-35 at 51.4 x 34 x 14.2, the larger size of the F-22 gives it a better Sears-Haack aerodynamic profile reducing it's wave drag allowing it to reach a very high top speed, the F-35 on the other hand focus's on the Area Rule giving i The F-35 Lightning II strengthens national security, enhances global partnerships and powers economic growth. As the most lethal, survivable and connected fighter jet in the world, the F-35 gives pilots the critical advantage against any adversary, enabling them to execute their mission and come home safe
RCS of the F-35 vs F-22. Thread starter blackuday; Start date Oct 16, 2018; blackuday FULL MEMBER. Nov 20, 2015 140 0 78 Country Location. Oct 16, 2018 #1 After a while, it was the American military experts and NATO allies that admitted this was wrong, all the old parameters were false. 1. F-22/35 is not invisible The US still uses EA6B and EA18G for jamming, proving that there are no. Like US F-22 and F-35 fighters, China's J-31 stealth fighter also features high viability, low radar detectability and low infrared radiation, as well as outstanding electronic countermeasures and low vulnerability design. J-31 also has powerful target detecting capability and outer information composite ability, excellent situation awareness, information sharing ability, multi targets BVR. ITT: F-22 vs. F-35. Vertigo13. 94 [M]inus. Vertigo13. 94. Post May 19, 2007 #1 2007-05-19T15:15. So which high tech aircraft is better? For me I'd have to say the F-22. el aye. 4,325 [M]onkey. el aye. 4,325. Post May 19, 2007 #2 2007-05-19T15:45. F-22, obviously . teddyrubskin! 364 [M]inus. teddyrubskin! 364. Post May 19, 2007 #3 2007-05-19T16:08. The F-35 is much cheaper... f00ker. 33K. Pure. Examples include theft of data on the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the F-22 Raptor fighter jet, and the MV-22 Osprey. In addition, adversaries often target personal accounts of government officials and their private-sector counterparts. This espionage reduces cost and accelerates the development of foreign weapon systems, enables foreign reverse-engineering and countermeasures development.
Technical Report APA-TR-2007-0102; Title: Lockheed-Martin F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter, Assessing the Joint Strike Fighter; Abstract: Technical profile and strategic analysis of F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.Analysis includes development history and rationale for the JAST/JSF program, design limitations of the JSF, and comparison against regional capabilities. This implies they can intercept the Su-35 and PAK FA but not the F-22 and the F-35. The Air Force has recently described the frontal radar cross section of the F-35 as better than the F-22. The F-35, with about a 2020 IOC in NATO Europe, likely has a considerable sensor advantage over the PAK FA, particularly in passive sensor capability. It appears very likely that the F-35 will be able to. The F-22 and F-35 programs are already obsolete. The US Military needs to eliminate manned fighter jet programs altogether and replace them with much more maneuverable and less expensive unmanned vehicles. Manned fighter jets are a thing of the past and will not survive attacks from stealthy unmanned opponents! Anonymous . the only problem is that every current project by the aerospace. Su-35 vs F-22/F-35. ahmedfire. ahmedfire Posts: 1535 Points: 1709 Join date: 2010-11-11 Location: The Land Of Pharaohs. Post n°1; Su-35 vs F-22/F-35. ahmedfire Wed Mar 30, 2011 11:04 am. Let's discuss some issues, we know that su35 has the irbis E multifunction radar system and the OLS-35 electro-optical search-and-track systemthis radar is an X-band radar with a 900mm passive phased array.
F-22 vs. F-35, which takes it?. Page 4 - 1 on 1. Closing straight onto one another from many, many miles away. Both fully armed, full fuel tank, pilots of exactly equal skills and other relevant characteristics. Who wins So eine Radartechnik haben weder die F-22 oder F-35 noch die chinesische J-20. Dabei gilt im Luftkampf eine einfache Regel: Wer zuerst sieht, schießt zuerst. Laut dem russischen Experten könne die Su-57 außerdem schnell vom Radarschirm des Gegners verschwinden: Wegen der Schubvektorsteuerung ist die Su-57 extrem manövrierfähig. Auf der Stelle drehen, mit dem Leitwerk nach vorne.


Weapon Skills and Proficienciesby T.A. Saunders ©2013 v1.5
Proficient: The proficient weapon user can pick up the weapon and use it. +5% to melee or attack hit with that weapon. 6 EP
Mastery: The mastery of a weapon means the user is skilled in its use and can do respectable damage with it. +10% to melee or attack hit with that weapon. 12 EP
Expert: The expert in a weapon has shown unusual dedication in learning to use that weapon and has gained incredible skill with it. +15% to melee/range hit and two attacks per round with that weapon. 24 EP
Specialist: The specialist in a weapon has spent a significant portion of their life understanding one particular weapon and its potential lethality. To become a specialist required the utmost dedication and study of a weapon. This grants +20% to melee/range hit, three attacks per round and +25% penalty to an enemy's armor value. 48 EP + play through of one full game chronicle.
NOTE: While some classes and races have bonuses to certain weapons already, skill bonuses can be stacked with the condition that in the case of being specialized, though no additional attacks per round are gained if the class bonus for such is higher than what's gained from being specialized in that particular weapon. In addition, skill bonuses for using shields raise blocking success instead of likelihood to hit, and upon reaching Expert rank grants an extra blocking attempt per round if not already provided by their class.Top
All weapon proficiencies cost 3 EP for a 80% chance of success in that proficiency. A GM may give a +/- to the roll depending on the situation. Additionally, the character must be considered proficient in at least one weapon, before they can spend points on weapon proficiencies.
For an additional 6 EP (90%) in a particular proficiency, a character may become specialized in a weapon proficiency, allowing them greater success in that particular proficiency.Top
Blind Fighting: A character with this proficiency has spacial awareness even while blinded and takes only half the allotted penalty against their hit bonus, if blinded, providing a successful check is made.Top
Counter-Attack: Characters with this proficiency can, while evading attack a target one time, while evading. High skill in weapons does not boost this skill, nor does having the ability through spell, tattoo, magic item, or other class skills to otherwise perform a similar function. This skill requires both having acrobatics and being a melee class.Top
Disarm: By use of this skill, the character displays superior skill with their chosen weapon and disarms their opponent. This skill assumes that the opponent's weapon can be disarmed and is not attached in some way. Additionally, weapons must be of similar size for a disarming to be successful; normal sized weapons will not be able to disarm a giant's weapon for example. Ranged weapons can also be used to disarm, but at a -10% penalty. Specializing in Disarm lowers the penalty to -5%. Disarm can only be used once per round, and must be the only attack the character makes.Top
Point-Blank Shot: This skill is open to Scouts and Rogues, who have mastered ranged weapons. In cases where a ranged attacker is closed in on, and attacked, those with this skill have the option to shoot the attacker at point blank range, with a +25% to their current range hit, granting a 50% chance to stun their enemy for one round, allowing them a chance to retreat and attack at range once more. This attack is tabulated at the beginning of the next round of combat, along with other attacks. This skill cannot be stacked with special attacks and cannot replace otherwise superior class skills. The single attack cannot be modified with magic, tattoos, or mechanical devices.Top
Riposte: By means of this skill, the Master of a melee weapon can add one attack, upon a block or a parry, granted by class skill. This attack is addressed the following combat round, in addition to any other attacks the character has. This skill is only available to melee classes, who have achieved mastery rank in a melee weapon. This skill also does not replace, or stack with superior skills, such as the Duelist's Deflection skill, nor can it be modified with magic or tattoos.


Moscow: Russia has sent for the first time MiG-29 fighter jets to the Arctic Ocean for experimental combat duty on the island of Novaya Zemlya. According to a report by a foreign news agency, the MiG-29 fighter jet was deployed on the occasion of the replacement of the MiG-31BM fighter jets at Rogachevo air base of the northern ship.
Russian media say the MiG-29 has been deployed on the navy’s deck for the first time. According to media reports, the Russian Air Force has increased air patrols in the Arctic region of the island of Novaya Zemlya, which has led to the deployment of MiG-29 fighter jets on the Arctic. Moreover, Russia’s air defense system S400 has been on combat duty on the island of Novaya Zemlya for many years.


CDS Air Freight Inc., an operator within FTZ 137 in Dulles, Virginia, submitted a notification of proposed production activity to the FTZ Board on behalf of FN America, LLC (FNA). The notification conforming to the requirements of the regulations of the FTZ Board (15 CFR 400.22) was received on May 22, 2020.
The FNA facility is located within FTZ 137. The facility is currently used for the storage of firearms, but the company is requesting authority to remove parts from firearms stored at the facility. Pursuant to 15 CFR 400.14(b), FTZ activity would be limited to the specific foreign-status materials and components and specific finished products described in the submitted notification (as described below) and subsequently authorized by the FTZ Board.
Production under FTZ procedures could exempt FNA from customs duty payments on the foreign-status components used in export production. On its domestic sales, for the foreign-status materials/components noted below, FNA would be able to choose the duty rates during customs entry procedures that apply to: Moving parts assemblies consisting of non-reciprocating sled and charging handle assemblies, non-reciprocating sled assemblies, charging handle assemblies, bolt assemblies, bolt carriers, bolt cam pins, firing pin retaining pin assemblies, return spring assemblies and firing pins; buttstock assemblies consisting of cap screw hexagonal socket heads, buttstock interface plates, buttstock rails, buttstock guide plates, large screw hexagonal countersunk heads, buttstock paddles, screw slotted pan heads, lock guide springs, lock springs, buttstock cheekrests, slotted spring type straight pins, buttstock plungers, buttstock interface pads and buttstock pads; takedown pin retaining clips; takedown pins; takedown hammers; automatic sears; automatic sear springs; cover plates; slotted spring type pins; magazine release buttons; magazine release springs; hammer spring guides; hammer springs; selector lever detents; selector lever spring detents; trigger module frames; locking plates; slotted spring type pins; bolt catch supports; bolt catch springs; bolt catches; magazine catch assemblies; magazine catches; magazine catch levers; trigger pins; hammer spring supports; and, drive rod indexes (duty-free). FNA would be able to avoid duty on foreign-status components which become scrap/waste. Customs duties also could possibly be deferred or reduced on foreign-status production equipment.
The components and materials sourced from abroad are machine guns (duty-free). The request indicates that the machine guns are subject to duties under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (Section 301), depending on the country of origin. The applicable Section 301 decisions require subject merchandise to be admitted to FTZs in privileged foreign status (19 CFR 146.41).
Public comment is invited from interested parties. Submissions shall be addressed to the Board’s Executive Secretary and sent to: firstname.lastname@example.org. The closing period for their receipt is July 13, 2020.
A copy of the notification will be available for public inspection in the “Reading Room” section of the Board’s website, which is accessible via www.trade.gov/ftz.
For further information, contact Elizabeth Whiteman at email@example.com or (202) 482-0473.
Dated: May 28, 2020.
[FR Doc. 2020-11885 Filed 6-1-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P


The Record of Huusk Knife.
The Huusk knife is one of the very most ingenious and also groundbreaking multi-functional tools of its own style. Huusk knives have been examined and accredited by U.S. armed forces.
The Huusk blades are actually not merely multi-functional, yet they are actually also really easy to use. The blades come in various dimensions and components utilized for creating all of them. The manage of the blade is constructed from satin blued steel and also is covered along with an anodized Light weight aluminum defense. The blade is constructed from higher carbon dioxide polymeric component. The tools are actually guarded with a difficult plastic laminate, which is water immune.
There are several companies available, which make Huusk knives. The blades of these blades are actually available in different designs and designs. These blades are used for reducing, carving, etching, grinding as well as various other multi-functional reasons. Each cutter of the Huusk blade possesses distinct attributes, which make them appropriate for details uses. A number of the frequently utilized cutters in the Huusk devices are actually:
Initially, the “Bolton” cutter is a supported blade possessing a recommendation that is actually somewhat rounded. This blade is utilized for cutting difficult materials like ceramics, granite, glass, marble, and steel. As far as the idea is involved, it is actually bent as well as is not straight. The “Stimpson” blade is actually a cutter with a flat side.
As a whole, the blade shapes of Huusk knives differ. A few of the blades are standard at the foundation and after that arcs upwards. On the contrary, some cutters possess a straight advantage along with a minor arc on the upper portion. A couple of knives possess a v-shaped cutter which assists in developing the slice.
The Huusk blade is created coming from high quality products and also is actually very durable. The Huusk knife is incredibly sharp. There are a lot of kinds of cutters that have actually been made use of in the creation of Huusk blades.
The traditional knives possess a tapered, irregular side. Today, this type of cutter is actually frequently changed by various other blade shapes.
Numerous individuals choose them over various other much more common blades such as pocket knives. Merely the cutter edge can easily be accessed without taking out the blade deal with.
Initially, blades including these were actually produced with big blades. Concurrently, the manufacturing process for these knives was actually fairly straightforward. A sharpened knife blade was merely placed into a brickwork blast hole. As discussed earlier, the Huusk knife has actually transformed extremely little over the centuries. Nonetheless, given that some cultures preferred specific cutter forms, the blade makers needed to locate techniques to recreate those blade forms to make sure that they can continue to make knives.
Today, Huusk knives are created along with various cutter conditions. This is actually an especially beneficial attribute if the knife being utilized is actually going to be made use of in sloppy or even damp conditions.
One more knife concept that is well-known in Huusk knives is the “tanto” cutter. Primarily, a tanto cutter possesses a strong upper hand however is actually certainly not extremely pointy. It can still effortlessly be used for cutting through softer components than other forms of blades. The handle of this cutter creates it less probably to catch on points when it is actually utilized. This indicates that the Huusk hilt will work extra for defense of the individual as opposed to as an offending device.
Altogether, the Huusk knife is still a great choice for folks that just like blades however who don’t want to utilize a sizable and possibly unsafe blade. These blades also possess a track record for being able to cut through many different materials. For a variety of main reasons, a Huusk is actually a terrific option for the outdoorsmen and outdoorswomen these days.
The Huusk knives can easily be actually categorized as high-quality blades, considering that of the high-quality products they are actually made from. Since they are actually certainly not mass-produced, and also each knife version is hand-made, there is actually a special cutting formula utilized in purchase to make the perfect top notch knives.
One of the most effective features concerning Huusk blades is actually that their blades are handmade. This is actually why numerous people pick all of them to cut their chicken and fish. One more great attribute is actually that the Huusk has a really sturdy cutter that manages to slice through also the thickest wooden boards. The cause for this is that the Oriental knives use a resource referred to as the tsuba. This is actually a block made out of bone tissue, which coincides material made use of to make up a samurai’s cover.
Considering that the Huusk knife makes use of a block of bone tissue, it is actually much stronger than typical knives. Conventional Japanese knives will definitely flex when cut, however the huusk handmade blade will certainly not. https://www.emailmeform.com
To conclude, the Huusk is actually a fantastic chef’s blade, because it is both a very sturdy blade and a wonderful slicer. It is also really adaptable for its size, enabling its individual to become able to slice with pretty much everything. In other words, the Huusk is actually a knife that helps make terrific cooking blades. Any kind of significant gourmet chef will be actually properly served in having at least one Huusk. Purchase all yours today.


The Following is a transcription of the above attorney video detailing California knife laws:
First of all, some knives are always illegal to possess in public. Secondly, there’s some types of knives that you’re allowed to have, you’re allowed to carry in public, but only if you do so openly and visibly. Third, there’s categories of knives that you’re allowed to carry either openly or concealed. And finally, fourth, there are some places that have restrictions such that you can never carry knives there, such as airports and schools and courthouses.
Under California law, certain knives are illegal under any circumstance. You can’t carry them openly or concealed. Examples of these knives are ballistic knives, switchblade knives, spring loaded knives,
belt buckle knives, cane swords, gravity knives, lipstick case knives, and undetectable knives, which is described as knives that cannot be detected going through a metal detector.
There are certain types of knives that can be carried openly and visibly but not concealed. In California, these types of knives are called dirks or daggers. And this is any knife that can be ready use as a stabbing weapon and can cause great bodily injury or death. Examples of these types of knives include daggers, stilettos, chef’s knives, ice picks, knitting needles, and scissors.
There are some types of knives that you’re allowed to carry openly or concealed. This category generally includes folding knives other than switch blades, as long as they’re closed and in a locked position, examples would be box cutters, pocket knives, Swiss army knives, and utility knives. What distinguishes this category of utility knives which are legal from switch blades, which are always illegal is that with utility knives, you have to use pressure in order to open the knife from its closed position. Whereas if the knife opens automatically with the press of a button or the flick of a wrist, then it would be deemed a switch blade, again a knife that’s always illegal to carry.
There’s also laws in California restricting the places that you can bring a knife. They include any state or local public building and any meetings open to the public. It also includes any K-12 schools or any universities or college. Other examples where you’re precluded from bringing in a knife includes courthouses, city halls, and airports.


The Huusk knife is just one of one of the most cutting-edge and also cutting-edge multi-functional tools of its type. It is a fully-functional multi-functional resource that can easily puncture, cut, work, engrave, sandstone, grind and sculpt ceramic tile, rock, steel, light weight aluminum and also concrete. Huusk blades have been actually tested as well as licensed by UNITED STATE armed forces. The multi-functional devices are ergonomically designed along with a finger security, shield and tip-ring guard. They are easy to use, quick and easy to come and also run in several appealing colours, that include, black, military eco-friendly, orange, copper, gray, and also a lot more.
The Huusk blades are actually certainly not only multi-functional, yet they are actually likewise extremely straightforward. The knives happen in different measurements and also materials made use of for producing them.
The blades of these knives are readily available in various shapes as well as styles. Each blade of the Huusk blade has one-of-a-kind characteristics, which make all of them appropriate for details usages.
The “Bolton” cutter is actually a supported cutter possessing a pointer that is actually slightly bent. The “Stimpson” blade is a blade along with a standard side.
In general, the blade designs of Huusk blades differ. A few blades possess a v-shaped cutter which aids in developing the slice.
The Huusk knife is actually produced from top quality components and also is actually strongly tough. It is developed to become used in rough shapes. In reality, this device was utilized by leaders and mountaineers prior to they created equipments to execute their job. The Huusk blade is actually extremely sharp. There are actually numerous types of cutters that have been actually used in the making of Huusk knives. These consist of:
The traditional blades possess a conical, serrated side. Today, this type of cutter is actually frequently switched out by various other blade forms. For example, today a blade molded like a jigsaw is actually often made use of. This blade is suitable for traversing challenging coatings of skin layer or flesh.
Lots of individuals favor all of them over various other extra popular blades such as wallet knives. Only the blade edge may be actually accessed without clearing away the knife handle.
A sharp knife blade was actually simply positioned in to a brickwork great time opening. Given that some cultures favored specific blade designs, the knife manufacturers had to find methods to duplicate those blade forms so that they could proceed to make blades.
Today, Huusk blades are produced along with various cutter conditions. This is actually a particularly helpful attribute if the knife being actually made use of is actually going to be made use of in damp or muddy conditions.
Yet another knife layout that is popular in Huusk blades is actually the “tanto” cutter. Primarily, a tanto blade has a compelling advantage however is actually certainly not quite pointy. It can still quickly be utilized for puncturing softer components than various other kinds of blades. However, the handle of this cutter makes it less likely to catch on factors when it is utilized. This suggests that the Huusk hilt will serve more for protection of the consumer rather than as an annoying device.
Overall, the Huusk blade is still an excellent selection for people who just like blades yet who don’t wish to make use of a potentially unsafe and sizable cutter. These blades likewise possess a reputation for being able to traverse several components. For a variety of explanations, a Huusk is actually a wonderful selection for the outdoorsmen as well as outdoorswomen these days.
The Huusk knives can be actually classified as premium knives, considering that of the high-grade products they are actually produced coming from. Due to the fact that they are not mass-produced, and also each knife design is hand-made, there is actually a special reducing formula used in purchase to make the ideal top quality blades.
Some of the greatest functions concerning Huusk blades is that their blades are handmade. This is actually why numerous folks select them to cut their pork as well as fish. An additional excellent function is actually that the Huusk possesses a really tough blade that is able to slice through even the thickest wood panels. The factor for this is actually that the Japanese blades utilize a device named the tsuba. This is actually a block constructed out of bone, which is the same product made use of to comprise a samurai’s shield.
Since the Huusk knife uses a block of bone tissue, it is considerably more powerful than traditional blades. Traditional Eastern knives are going to flex when cut, but the huusk handmade knife will definitely not. This implies that when an individual slices with a Huusk, they are going to certainly not have any concern along with getting the pork Dicing on its way to the wanted outcome. The Huusk possesses the potential to swiftly and quickly cut through the majority of sorts of difficult chicken chipping all of them right into tender parts that are actually quick and easy to attack into and also enjoy. https://www.emailmeform.com
In verdict, the Huusk is actually a wonderful gourmet chef’s blade, since it is actually both a surprisingly strong blade and a remarkable slicer. In short, the Huusk is actually a knife that helps make excellent cooking knives.


Copyright 2020 by Richard O. Aichele - email firstname.lastname@example.org - and InforWorks.com
World War 1 had five major naval battles -- Jutland, the Dardanelles, Dogger Bank, Coronel and the Falkland Islands. that changed the path of the Great War and were never forgotten by the sailors on all sides who fought those battles.
"Something Is Wrong With Our Bloody Ships Today"
Vice Admiral David Beatty
A Technical Viewpoint
by Richard O. Aichele
The horrific explosions that destroyed the British battle cruisers HMS Queen Mary, HMS Indefatigable, and HMS Invincible when shells hit their turret areas and the armoured cruiser HMS Defense when shells hit the gun casement areas killed a total of over 4,200 crewmen during the Battle of Jutland in 1916. The resulting magazine explosions were caused by a combination of ship design failures and in-service procedural failures triggered by battle shell fire. These types of incidents were not limited to the British navy but occurred elsewhere at other times.
During the Dogger Bank battle in 1915, the German battle cruiser SMS Seydlitz was hit by a shell at the "C" and "D" turrets. "The shell had burst outside making only a small hole but a red hot piece of steel entering the turret had ignited a cartridge, the flash setting fire to 13,000 pounds of cordite," explained Kapitan zur See Moritz von Egidy, the ship's commander. The incident killed 190 men and put both turrets out of action. An investigation found no errors in procedures. That was not acceptable for von Egidy who said,"If we lose 190 men and almost the whole ship in accordance with regulations then they must somehow be wrong." The German Navy then made the technical ship changes and operating procedures changes that prevented any flash at the turrets from reaching the magazines.
Captain Alexander Grant CBE DSC, was a Gunner officer on the HMS Lion, during the Battle of Jutland. His memoirs later published and now at the Imperial War Museum in London include observations about explosions related ship design failures and in-service procedural failures in the Royal Navy during the World War 1 era.
"With the introduction of cordite to replace powder for firing guns, regulations regarding the necessary precautions for handling explosives became unconsciously considerably relaxed, even I regret to say, to a dangerous degree throughout the Service. Yet for entry to any of the magazines on shore where naval explosives were stored you would find the regulations just as strict as they were in the days of powder charges. All pipes, cigarettes, matches, or anything else capable of ignition had to be deposited with the police. Magazine shoes had to be worn.
If these precautions were necessary on shore they were equally on board ship. The gradual lapse in the regulations on board ship seemed to be due to two factors. First, cordite is a much safer explosive to handle than gun-powder. Second, but more important, the altered construction of the magazines on board led to a feeling of false security. When powder was in use all magazines were lined with wood and secured with copper nails or bolts, the deck was of wood tackle offer transport were fitted with metal hooks. Not a scrap of iron or steel which might cause a spark was used. The deck of the passages or handling room adjoining were covered with lead. The manholes or scuttles on the various decks, through which the cartridges had to pass from magazine to gun were all fitted with metal. Every conceivable precaution was taken where powder was in transit, and no one was allowed in a magazine unless he had on the special shoes provided for this purpose. With the introduction or cordite there came in time a considerable alteration in the construction of magazines. The iron or steel deck, the disappearance of the wood lining, the electric lights fitted inside, the steel doors, open because there was now no chute for passing cartridges out; all this gave officers and men a comparative easiness of mind regarding the precautions necessary with explosive material."
HMS Lion's Close Call At Jutland
The incident aboard the HMS Lion during the Battle of Jutland was severe and except for the action of one man it could have resulted in the loss of the entire battle cruiser in the same way as the other three blew up and were lost .
Captain Alexander Grant CBE DSC, a Gunner officer, had been recently assigned to the HMS Lion. At the time of the battle, he explained, "I had no particular special duty in action. To use a naval phrase I had a roving commission." Grant's After Action Jutland Battle Report about the HMS Lion incident describes the details:
"There were four turrets named A, B, Q and X. Each turret had separate magazines. As soon as fire had opened I made for A and B magazines. They were in the fore part of the ship and in close proximity to each other. I found everything quite satisfactory, no delay, only one door opened, and not more than one full charge in the handing room. The supply was meeting the demand. I left orders that if there was a lull in the firing the party must not forget to close the door of the magazine in use.
I then made for Q which was in the centre of the ship... To get to Q one had to descend into a small flat where a first aid and electric light party was stationed, and then down into the handing room. Here everyone was standing about in silence. When I asked what was the matter, the Sergeant in charge said that something had gone wrong in the turret and that the Major in charge of the turret had ordered the magazines to be flooded. I inquired how long the valves for flooding had been opened, and when I learned that they had been opened some time I was convinced that the magazine was now completely flooded. It was also reported that the supply cages were full. It would therefore appear that there was outside the magazine at least two full charges in the supply cages and there may have been two more in the loading cages in the working chamber which was immediately under the guns.
While I was making these inquiries, men from the working chamber were coming down the trunk into the handing room. I asked them what had happened and they informed me that a shell had pierced the turret, exploding inside, killing the gun's crew and that the turret was completely out of action. Q turret was manned by the Royal Marines, with Major Harvey in charge. Major Harvey, although lying mortally wounded, to his everlasting glory thought of the safety of the ship and ordered the magazines to be flooded...
I thought at first of going up the trunk to see at first hand what had happened. The turret was out of action however, and as I had not yet been to X magazine I decided to go there, first ordering the men who came from the working chamber to go up into the flat above as the handing room was overcrowded. [Captain Grant checked the X Magazine and then returned to the Q Magazine area.]
I had reached the hatchway leading to the flat above the Q magazine and by the Providence of God had only one foot on the step of the Jacobs Ladder, when suddenly there was a terrific roar, followed by flame and dense smoke. Had I been a few seconds earlier and thus farther down the Ladder, I would have met the same fate as all those fine men below who were burned to death... I regained my breath and self-possession and immediately went back to the hatchway and down to the bottom of the ladder. I could not get any further for smoke and fumes of cordite and scorched paint. Numbers of my shipmates were either in their last agonies or already dead. I could see there was no fire and as soon as we got below endeavoured with the help of other men to rescue any who might be alive. We hauled up a few through the small hatchway but by this time all hope of saving life was gone.
I consider that the cause of this tragedy was that early in the action, an enemy shell, by a thousand chances to one, struck the armoured turret where the two guns protrude, exploding and so lifted one of the armoured plates clean off the turret. At the same time the force of explosion apparently killed or mortally wounded all those in the gun position and played havoc with the hydraulic machinery, thus putting the turret out of action. It was when this happened that Major Harvey gave the order to flood magazines...Between the time between the turret was placed out of action and the tremendous explosion that took place was about twenty or thirty minutes later.
There are two theories as to the cause of this explosion.
The first is that a second enemy shell entered and exploded in the turret, thus causing a fire. With part of the roof open, the draught caused by the speed of the ship would be forced down through the turret, resulting in the flame igniting the cordite which would be in the gun-loading cages. This in turn must have ignited the cordite in the supply trunk which contained two full charges, and being in a confined space, the gases concentrated there exploded.
According to the second theory, a fire may have been caused by the first shell that put the turret out of action. If so, than the strong draught of air being forced down ignited the cordite in the gun-loading cages and supply trunk. It is this second theory that has always made me regret not going into the turret to see that no fire was about. It was by the providence of God that the hatchway leading from the flat to the magazine handing room was open. This opening formed a vent though which the gasses set up by the ignition of the cordite could escape. At it was, the bulkheads of the magazines were found to be saucer-shaped on examination from the force of explosion. It is difficult to say what might have happened had the hatchway been closed, or charges of cordite been left in the handing room at the time of flooding. As it was the grim fact remains that over sixty of my shipmates lost their lives in tragic circumstance without an opportunity of escape."
Above article is an addendum to: Jutland - Clash of the Battle Cruisers
Exploring the Doomed Sunken Warships
Visit the You Tube video : The Battleships - Jutland Clash of the Dreadnaughts
This expedition in this video combines a review of the battle events, the dives on sunken British warships especially the HMS Invincible and the determination of the causes of the explosions that sank the four British warships.
After the battle, the official explanations, or theories, for the loss of the four ships and over 4,000 sailors in such a catastrophic manner was a politically sensitive subject both at the British Admiralty and the British government for many years.
The expedition's first dive was on the HMS Defense. One conclusion was that a shell had penetrated into ammunition spaces at the aft of the ship causing "a propagation of propellant," also called a flash fire, from aft to forward " down the ammunition passageways finally detonating the forward magazine." It mentions finding that turret roofs appear to have been blown off possibly by the forces passageway explosions below as they vented upward through the vertical turrets' Main Trunks. The second dive on the HMS Invincible found evidence of mishandling of the cordite propellant. Among the causes appear to be Cordite charges left out of their protective canisters to speed their transfer up and into the turret guns to maintain a high rate of fire.
Interestingly, the answers to the questions of "why" are being discovered with greater accuracy than was possible during the last 103 years.
InforWorks.com Other Great War Histories