K-77 docked in Providence, Rhode Island
|Builder||Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112, Gorky|
|Laid down||31 January 1963|
|Launched||11 March 1965|
|Commissioned||31 October 1965|
|Fate||Sold for scrap, August 2009|
|Length||85.9 m (281 ft 10 in)|
|Beam||9.7 m (31 ft 10 in)|
|Draft||3.29 m (10 ft 10 in)|
|Test depth||240 m (790 ft)|
|Sensors and |
|Electronic warfare |
K-77 was a "Project 651" (NATO reporting name: Juliett-class) diesel–electric submarine built for the Soviet Navy during the 1960s. Commissioned in 1965, the boat was armed with long-range cruise missiles to carry out its mission of destroying American aircraft carriers and bases. The missiles could be fitted with either conventional or nuclear warheads.
K-77 was built later in the Juliett class, so her hull was conventional steel and her battery was of the conventional lead-acid type, rather than the austenitic steel and silver-zinc batteries used in the first Julietts. K-77 was also used as the set for the motion picture K-19: The Widowmaker, starring Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson.
Background and description
In the late 1950s, the Soviet Navy was tasked to neutralize American bases and aircraft carriers. It began construction of a large number of expensive nuclear-powered (Echo-class submarines) to accomplish this, but could not build enough nuclear reactors to equip them in a timely manner. Even though the Juliett class was inferior to the Echos, it was ordered into production because it did not require resources needed for the nuclear boats.
The Juliett-class boats are a double-hulled design that displaces 3,174 metric tons (3,124 long tons) on the surface and 3,750 tonnes (3,690 long tons) submerged. The boats have an overall length of 85.9 meters (281 ft 10 in), a beam of 9.7 meters (31 ft 10 in) and a draft (ship) of 6.29 meters (20 ft 8 in). The Julietts have a test depth of 240 meters (790 ft) and a design depth of 300 meters (980 ft). The prominent blast deflectors cut out of the outer hull behind the missile launchers make the submarines very noisy at high speed. Their crew numbered 78 men.
Propulsion and performance
The Juliett class is powered by a diesel-electric system that consists of two 4,000-metric-horsepower (2,900 kW) 1D43 diesel engines and a pair of 3,000 PS (2,200 kW) MG-141 electric motors for cruising on the surface. Two additional 200 PS (150 kW) electric motors are intended for slow speeds underwater and are powered by four banks of lead-acid battery cells that are recharged by a 1,000 PS (740 kW) 1DL42 diesel generator. The boats are fitted with a retractable snorkel to allow the diesel engines to operate while underwater.
On the surface, the submarines have a maximum speed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph). Using their diesel-electric system while snorkeling gives the Julietts a range of 18,000 nautical miles (33,000 km; 21,000 mi) at 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph). Using just the electric motors underwater, they have a maximum range of 810 nmi (1,500 km; 930 mi) at 2.74 knots (5.07 km/h; 3.15 mph). Their best submerged speed on electric motors is 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph), although it reduces their range to 27.8 nmi (51.5 km; 32.0 mi). They could carry enough supplies for 90 days of operation.
To carry out the Julietts' mission of destroying American carrier battle groups and bases, they were fitted with two pairs of missile launchers, one each fore and aft of the sail. The launchers were used by the surface-launched SS-N-3 Shaddock family of long-range, turbojet-powered, cruise missiles. The P-5D version was codenamed SS-N-3c by NATO and was a dedicated land-attack missile that could be equipped with either a high-explosive or nuclear warhead; it was withdrawn from service in 1965–1966. The P-6 (SS-N-3a) variant was a radar-guided anti-ship missile that could also be fitted with high-explosive and nuclear warheads.
The more traditional armament of the Julietts consisted of six 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes mounted in the bow and four 406-millimeter (16 in) torpedo tubes in the stern. Due to space limitations, no reloads were provided for the bow tubes, but each stern tube had two reloads for a total of twelve.
Fire control and sensors
The submarines relied upon aircraft for their long-range anti-ship targeting which they received via the Uspekh-U datalink system. Their own Argument missile-guidance radar (NATO reporting name: Front Door) controlled the P-6 missiles until they were out of range via a datalink codenamed Front Piece. The missiles' onboard radar would detect the targets and transmit an image back to the submarine via video datalink so the crew could select which target to attack, after which the missile relied upon its own radar for terminal guidance. The Argument radar has a massive antenna that was stowed at the front of the sail and rotated 180° for use. The Front Piece antenna was mounted on top of the Argument antenna.
The boats are fitted with Artika-M (MG-200) and Herkules (MG-15) sonars, Feniks-M (MG-10) and MG-13 hydrophones and an Albatros RLK-50 search radar (NATO reporting name: Snoop Tray). They are also equipped with a Nakat-M Electronic warfare support measures system.
Construction and career
K-77 was laid down at the Krasnoye Sormovo Factory No. 112 shipyard in Gorky on 31 January 1963. She was launched on 11 March 1965 and commissioned on 31 October into the Northern Fleet. The details of K-77's career remain largely unknown although she made at least two patrols in the Mediterranean Sea. During her second deployment there, the boat trailed the United States Navy carriers of the Sixth Fleet between May and November 1974. Two years later K-77 was deployed in the Caribbean Sea near the Puerto Rico. In 1977, K-77 (the K standing for (Russian: крейсерская, romanized: kreyserskaya, lit. 'cruiser') was redesignated Б-77 (the Б standing for Russian: большая, romanized: bolshaya, lit. 'large'). In 1987, K-77 was withdrawn from the blue-water Northern Fleet and transferred to the 16th Submarine Division of the Baltic Fleet. Four years later, they were relegated to the 58th Submarine Brigade to finish out their service lives. K-77 was decommissioned sometime after 1991, and by the end of 1994, all Julietts had been retired.
At the end of the Cold War, Finnish businessman Jari Komulainen, who was married to the daughter of President of Finland Mauno Koivisto, used his influence as Finland's "first son-in-law" to convince the Russian government to lease him a Project 641 "Foxtrot"-class submarine, probably the ex-B-39. Komulainen opened it to the public in Helsinki in the spring of 1993 as a tourist attraction. He then purchased two Juliett-class submarines, one K-77 replacing the Foxtrot in 1994, becoming a bar and restaurant as well as a tourist attraction. Komulainen believed that his restaurant had been K-81, based on a metal plate discovered inside the boat. However, it later transpired that that plate and others bearing different numbers were provided for the crew to display on the submarine's sail during surface running to confuse NATO reconnaissance aircraft. Komulainen also held a beauty pageant "Miss Submarine" at the submarine. Model Anitra Ahtola, who won the competition, later became his third wife.
As a restaurant, K-77 was modestly successful, but was not lucrative enough to satisfy Komulainen. In 1998, he leased his submarine to a Canadian promoter, who towed it to Tampa Bay, Florida. However, the intended mooring location in the harbor was too shallow and the investors were forced to move the proposed tourist attraction to a more remote site. Soon, the promoter filed for bankruptcy, and K-77 reverted to Komulainen. He did not want to repeat the nerve-wracking trans-Atlantic tow, and instead tried at least twice to auction the submarine on eBay — auctions #222791130, ending on 20 December 1999, and #270148521, ending on 7 March 2000. In each case, bidding was to start at US$1 million. No bids were received.
The eBay auction, however, caught the attention of Intermedia Film Equities Ltd., who chartered K-77 for US$200,000 and towed her to Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2000 to become the set for the motion picture K-19: The Widowmaker, starring Harrison Ford and Liam Neeson. The boat was modified with fiberglass to make it resemble K-19 submarine.
The film wrapped up in 2002, when the submarine was purchased by the USS Saratoga Museum Foundation, towed to Collier Point Park in Providence, Rhode Island, and opened to the public in August 2002. K-77 offered public tours and a comprehensive educational program in accordance with New Standards and attuned to the advancement requirements of both Boy Scout and Girl Scout programs.
When the Saratoga Museum Foundation took possession of the submarine, it was described as K-81 in the initial press releases from the Saratoga Museum Foundation. The foundation spent months refurbishing the interior, which included removing several bulkheads, moving large pieces of equipment, and going deep into the bilges. During this process, documents were found which provided incontrovertible proof that the submarine was K-77 and not K-81 as earlier thought. The records confirming this information include maintenance reports, equipment exchanges, radio messages, duty rosters, log entries, and torpedo firing exercises, which all identify the submarine as K-77.
The submarine sank on 18 April 2007 after a storm, and plans were made to raise it off the river bottom. The Museum's theory on why the submarine sank is that a modified hatch was not properly watertight. Recovery efforts by U.S. Navy and Army divers began in June 2008 as part of a project to train military divers through real-world, community-based projects.
On 2 June 2008, divers from Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two in Norfolk, Virginia arrived and began preparations to raise the submarine. On 25 July 2008, she was brought to the surface by US Navy and Army divers. The work of pumping out water was completed in August 2008. The sub was badly deteriorated and in need of substantial repair.
A portion of the vessel remained in the river and in 2017, a judge ordered that the remnants be removed.
A section of the submarine was destroyed in a fire in March 2021 while in the process of being dismantled at a Providence scrapyard.
- Friedman, p. 344; Vilches Alarcón, pp. 13–14
- Pavlov, p. 60; Vilches Alarcón, p. 13
- Hampshire, p. 24
- Pavlov, p. 60
- Friedman, p. 402
- Vilches Alarcón, pp. 12, 18, 22; Polmar & Noot, p. 289
- Polmar & Moore, p. 97; Hampshire, pp. 26–27
- Hampshire, p. 25
- Vilches Alarcón, pp. 19–20
- Zuckerman, Elizabeth (5 June 2005). "Soviet submarine once prepared to attack East Coast now calls Providence home". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
- "Anitra Ahtola – Biography". IMDb.
- "Homepage of the USS Saratoga Museum Foundation". Retrieved 30 August 2022.
- "Providence submarine museum sinks – The Boston Globe".
- "Juliett 484 News – WHAT HAPPPENED? [sic]". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2012-09-17.
- "Photo of recovery operation".
- "FOXNews.com – Sunken Submarine Becomes Training Ground for Navy and Army Divers". Fox News.
- Providence Journal Archived June 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- "Agreement Reached on Disposition of Russian Submarine". December 24, 2008. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- "Juliett 484 – News". www.juliett484.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
- "'K-19: The Widowmaker' sub must be removed from river: U.S. court". CTV News. The Associated Press. 2017-01-26. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- Gammans, Bay (9 March 2021). "Russian sub used in Harrison Ford movie catches fire in Providence scrapyard". WPRI.com. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- Friedman, Norman (1995). "Soviet Union 1947–1991: Russian Federation and Successor States 1991–". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 337–426. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
- Hampshire, Edward (2018). Soviet Cruise Missile Submarines of the Cold War. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-47282-499-8.
- Pavlov, A. S. (1997). Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-671-X.
- Polmar, Norman & Moore, Kenneth J. (2004). Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines. Washington, D. C.: Potomac Books. ISBN 978-1-57488-594-1.
- Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-570-1.
- Vilches Alarcón, Alejandro A. (2022). From Juliettes to Yasens: Development and Operational History of Soviet Cruise-Missile Submarines. Europe @ War (22). Warwick, UK: Helion & Co. ISBN 978-1-915070-68-5.


Fortnite is about to get even more interesting!
In late July, some data miners discovered a new, powerful sniper rifle in the Fortnite: Battle Royale files. For weeks, people speculated about when Epic Games would add the rifle to the game itself, and finally the news that everyone was waiting for became public knowledge: Players who logged into Fortnite: Battle Royale on Sunday were greeted with an update about the new Heavy Sniper. The description states, “New Epic and Legendary sniper rifle capable of dealing high damage to structures.” To display the power of this new weapon, data miner FNBRLeaks tweeted a video Sunday of the rifle in action.
He also added another tweet hours later showing he was banned from playing the game, possibly due to his use of the weapon in-game prior to its release.
In the video, the Heavy Sniper, which is reportedly based on the real world Barrett M82 .50 caliber sniper rifle, destroyed walls made of wood, brick and metal with just one shot. The legendary version of the weapon has 157 damage making it a one-hit kill on practically any player. Since it can shoot through walls, it’s unclear on whether that will reduce the damage or not. Still, a weapon with this kind of precision, speed and power can change how the game is played all together as forts will not provide the kind of protection that they used to.
The expectation is with the new Heavy Sniper will be a return of the Sniper Shootout Limited Time Mode. In this LTM, players can only use rifles and scoped assault rifles during a match.


I hasten to add here detail strip kahr a pistol entering your shop with tritium sights requires those sights to be drifted right or left using a sight-pushing tool. Brass hammer or other non-marring hammer 5. When you are able, push it all the way out from right to left. Want to see what will be the end of our country as we know it??? Detail strip kahr pull the pin free of the frame.
They all perform very well out of the box, but they all approach excellence after a round break-in period. Say something nice to your cousin Shirley Dietrich: Cue sound of Head slap. So stay tuned for more The trigger pin must be driven straight out left to right and straight back in from right to left.
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Disassembly/Reassembly Of the Kahr P45 Pistol
I used a punch to line everything up then pushed the trigger pin in from the other side. Is there a video that would show the CW lower detail strip and reassembly?. They all perform very well out of the box, but they all approach excellence after a round break-in period. Though mechanically locked and unlocked in the style of John M. With the trigger pivot pin 12 removed the trigger 9trigger spring 10trigger detail strip kahr 11and trigger bar 13 can be removed from the frame.
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Sig Sauer m400 Secrets
Sig Sauer m400 Secrets
Sig’s revival from the P210 was a major offer. The Carry model is surely an evolution of the original style, trimming the barrel down to four.1-inches. The grip remains the total-sized P210 design and houses an eight-round single stack journal.
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It is apparently truly delicate to anything at all a lot less than a textbook grip. And so the Glock 42 has a lot heading for it, but it really’s however prone to the exact same difficulties that happen to be widespread to all of the pocket-sized pistol styles.
Robert K. Campbell provides a history of more than twenty years in legislation enforcement for a coach, weapons tester, as well as a Road cop and it is Just about the most prolific writers currently on the subject of fighting weapons. He continues to be revealed in the vast majority of far better publications coping with battling firearms and edged weapons which includes American Rifleman and Guns & Ammo.
I obtained mine right away, the created date was like 8 times prior to i bought it, I like every thing about the gun. I'm able to shoot it like the most beneficial.
Mine comes in at a little about six lbs. It’s an exceedingly clean, cleanse 6+ kilos, and The one-motion implies There is certainly little movement in the bring about. This is an excellent cause for an extremely-compact, and an improved bring about than All those on some entire-measurement autos.
The M17 functions an ambidextrous slide lock and a perfectly-created ambidextrous protection. The teardrop-shaped journal launch isn’t ambidextrous but operates perfectly for individuals who observe. The pistol is finished in PVD coyote brown.
The SIG allows fast hits. Amongst the training hundreds I have utilized may be the Federal Syntech in the two 115- and 124-grain weights. This load is helpful in indoor ranges as it is actually direct-cost-free and needs much less cleansing when Utilized in big portions.
Compared with a 1911, the P238’s security will also be engaged Together with the hammer ahead. This locks the slide inside the forward posture, and although attention-grabbing, I undoubtedly wouldn’t endorse carrying the gun On this affliction.
Glock was a relative latecomer to your .380 scene. The 42 came out in 2014 and in the beginning, a great deal of individuals were skeptical mainly because it is larger sized than many of the Level of competition in an item group that is frequently valued earlier mentioned all else for being pretty little. But that’s specifically why this gun is, for my part, the general greatest sig sauer p226 .
Because it was presently ruined I attempted some delicate reloads (I realize. Lousy) Nonetheless they ran wonderful inside a Walther P38, within the Sig they blew up following a few rounds. I called Sig and was advised around the mobile phone that it wasn't SAAMI so was my fault. They charged for new grip madule Once i sent it again. I've because tried several brands, most get the job done but IMI ammo appears to be like Practically also scorching for it. I am not a pro or gunsmith but to me it need to function with whichever is on the market. The PPU and reloads work good in in Glocks, somewhat Ruger LC9, Beretta 92S, a PCC,, and some in a Walther P38.. Individually, this doesn't encourage self-confidence. If any one has remarks or recommendations that suggest my fault or an answer, I guarantee I won't be offended. Sorry for staying so wordy but I could go on. I got One more probable armed service alternative, an FNX .forty five and adore it. What a big difference.
The trigger is as good as we’d expect on a single motion pocket pistol, with a little bit choose-up right before breaking. The crack is sweet and crisp, which has a excess weight a bit above four pounds, which contributes to precision.
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by Alex Wellerstein, published February 12th, 2016
Solzhenitsyn and the Smyth Report
The Smyth Report is one of the more improbable things to come out of World War II. It is one thing to imagine the United States managing to take nuclear fission, a brand-new scientific discovery announced in 1939, and to have developed two fully-realized industrial-methods of enriching uranium, three industrial-sized nuclear reactors (plus several experimental ones), and three nuclear weapons by the summer of 1945. That improbable enough already, especially since their full-scale work on the project did not begin until late 1942. What really takes it into strange territory is to then imagine that, right after using said superweapon, they published a book explaining how it was made. I can think of no other parallel situation in history, before or since.
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Demonstration shows unmanned ground-air collaboration,29 Jan 2016 ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udQ3WoK_Wdk ... NREC has developed the unmanned Crusher off-road vehicle for the Defense Advanced...
Marines demonstrate unmanned vehicles - YouTube,9 Aug 2012 ... The Marine Corps Warfighting Lab demonstrates two autonomous vehicles at Fort Pickett, Virginia, on July 31, 2012. The Ground Unmanned...
Crusher, CMU's Unmanned Ground Combat vehicle | RobotShop ...,14 Apr 2006 ... The Carnegie Mellon's National Robotics Engineering Center has announced it's plans to announce (yeah, marketing is crazy) "Crusher",...
Crusher Ground Combat Vehicle | FOP Shvachko V. V.,30 Nov 2012 ... Crusher is an autonomous off-road Unmanned Ground Combat System ... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPL-gM1WbAQ&feature=related.
Crusher (CMUs military Unmanned Ground Vehicle) - YouTube,23 Oct 2011 ... http://www.technologie-innovation.fr Le Crusher est un véhicule robotisé et truffé de capteurs développé par le département d'ingénierie...
The Drone Revolution Revisited - Center for the Study of the Drone,6 Sep 2016 ... Crusher is a large wheeled unmanned ground combat vehicle test prototype created by the ..... FlightGloal/YouTube. Photo credit: Sgt. Justin...
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Robotics and Intelligent Systems: A Virtual Reference Book,12 Sep 2017 ... Unmanned aerial vehicle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia · * Unmanned ...... YouTube - Cormorant underwater at Monestary Beach in Monterey, CA · YouTube ... Crusher - futuristic Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle · MDI...
MULTI ROLE UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE - YouTube,26 Sep 2019 ... MULTI ROLE UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLE. ANATOLIAN ... Crusher (CMU_s military Unmanned Ground Vehicle).mp4 - Duration: 6:08.
SUGV Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle Training - YouTube,29 Oct 2009 ... Video Courtesy of SUGV 300 Series and Robot Stock News (RSN) - This iRobot SUGV (Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle) is looking to go into...
Watch a remote-controlled fighter jet evade a missile - Engadget,31 Aug 2014 ... Existing drone aircraft are useful for many things, but they make for lousy target practice when you're testing ... Source: Boeing (YouTube).
Explore - YouTube-8M: A Large and Diverse Labeled Video Dataset ...,YouTube 8M ..... Unmanned aerial vehicle (2955). Mortal Kombat (2945). Cruise ship (2935). Barbecue (2933) ...... Crusher (352). Mega Man X (352). Sonic the...
Crusher - National Robotics Engineering Center - Carnegie Mellon ...,NREC designed and developed the Crusher vehicle to support the UPI program's rigorous field experimentation schedule. Crusher represented the next...
DARPA's Crusher Drives Itself, Laughs at Your Puny "Traffic",13 Mar 2012 ... DARPA began development on the Crushertechnically, the Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle and Perceptor Integration Systemin 2006.
High-Fidelity Simulation of Unmanned Ground Vehicle ... - YouTube,16 Jan 2012 ... High-Fidelity Simulation of Unmanned Ground Vehicle Operating in Rough Terrain. UMDRobotics. Loading... Unsubscribe from UMDRobotics?
Carnegie Mellon's National Robotics Engineering Center Unveils ...,1 Jun 2006 ... "Spinner," the first-generation unmanned combat vehicle created by Carnegie ... It's expected that the Crusher platform will influence unmanned...
Ultimate Weapons- The Crusher - YouTube,15 Oct 2010 ... For more, visit http://military.discovery.com/videos/ Meet the Crusher, an all-terrain autonomous and remote controlled 6-wheeled vehicle with...
Watch: Woman accidentally scooped up by bulldozer, buried alive in ...,5 Mar 2019 ... ... vehicles to her left and right are trundling along with their payloads, while a bulldozer behind her is stationary and seemingly unmanned.
'Killer robots' to be debated at UN - BBC News,9 May 2014 ... The discussion of drones is not on the agenda as they are yet to operate completely ... advances with the Crusher, an unmanned ground combat vehicle, since 2006. ... 'YouTube dance videos damaged my daughter's mind'.
How Crusher Works | HowStuffWorks - Science | HowStuffWorks,Crusher is an unmanned ground vehicle funded by DARPA and designed by Carnegie Mellon's National Robotics Engineering Center. Learn what it can do.
Crusher - YouTube,16 Mar 2011 ... http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/ ... Up next. Crusher (CMU_s military Unmanned Ground Vehicle).mp4 - Duration: 6:08. Keith Yoder...
Crusher Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicles Video Clip,24 Aug 2010 ... Carnegie Mellon University's Crusher Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle is a six ton robot you don't want to get in the way of.
Mini Crusher (Robot, Unmanned Vehicle) - Army Guide,Mini Crusher universal robotic platform was created by NREC specialists taking into account developments in the Crusher UGV, but in much smaller dimensions.
Crusher UGV - YouTube,25 Feb 2008 ... DARPA/CMU Crusher unmanned ground vehicle. ... Crusher UGV. BotJunkie. Loading... Unsubscribe from BotJunkie? Cancel Unsubscribe.
UGV/UAV Joint Autonomy Demonstration - YouTube,18 Feb 2016 ... UGV/UAV Joint Autonomy Demonstration. ... UGV/UAV Joint Autonomy Demonstration. National Robotics Engineering Center. Loading.
Crusher (CMU_s military Unmanned Ground Vehicle).mp4 - YouTube,14 Jul 2010 ... just a vid of crusher the unmanned vehicle. ... Crusher (CMU_s military Unmanned Ground Vehicle).mp4. Keith Yoder. Loading... Unsubscribe...
CRUSHER: CMU's Robotic Tank-Mobile | PopMech - YouTube,17 Jan 2007 ... Carnegie Mellon University's CRUSHER (funded by DARPA) is busy ... all while demonstrating the future for unmanned combat vehicles.
Where to d the line (735 KB) Increasing Autonomy in ... - Pax,future, unmanned aircraft will no longer need pilots to move small drones with a .... Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKsu5ZgwIU .... autonomous modes.59 Automated features were also extensively tested, e.g. the Crusher and.
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The 2-Minute Rule for machine gun
The main recognized ancestors of multi-shot weapons were medieval organ guns, even though the initial to have the opportunity to fireplace many shots from one barrel without a full handbook reload have been revolvers created in Europe within the late 1500s.
To further improve its efficiency, he formulated his have smokeless powder, cordite. Within a few years each army was Outfitted with Maxim guns or adaptations.
Cycle is repeated so long as the set off is activated by operator. Releasing the cause resets the cause mechanism by engaging a sear And so the weapon stops firing with bolt provider completely within the rear.
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Closeup of M2 – This machine gun is a component of a complex armament subsystem; it is aimed and fired within the plane in lieu of right
The ALFA machine gun saw its delivery in Planet War 2 and went on to discover continued use during the put up-war a long time....
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1884) was quickly followed by Some others—the Hotchkiss, Lewis, Browning, Madsen, Mauser, and various guns. A few of these used A further property of your even burning of smokeless powder: little amounts of the combustion fuel were diverted by way of a port to travel a piston or lever to open the breech as Each and every spherical was fired, admitting another round. Therefore, all through Globe War I the battlefield was through the outset dominated via the machine gun, usually belt-fed, drinking water-cooled, and of the calibre matching that with the rifle.
This automated weapon was strongly chosen by Nazi Germanys armed forces in excess of its bolt motion counterpart the K98 on account of its enhanced amount of fireplace and body weight.
Shooter’s Earth Phoenix 109 assessments It was amazing to have a reduction from females night also. C2 Tactical 209 critiques I had in no way performed just about anything with any type of firearm prior to.
A buddy introduced me in in this article and we looked about somewhat. Charges were being good on a couple of items and substantial on quite a few Many others.
The largest single explanation for casualties in Earth War I used to be truly artillery, but combined with wire entanglements, machine guns earned a fearsome standing.
I went again home and did somemore study about the 1911 he recomended and located it being identical to he reported throught website out the gun community. I was very impressed of his precision of his know-how. Most significantly, his friendly company was surprising to me essentially the most thought. I hardly ever receive a assistance remedy like Brent gave me from other employees.I level 3 star since... I feel that the staffs assistance was not up to standard that they ought to be.I will definetly return to SCG considered, but I will likely be inquiring Brent for support. :)
Major guns according to the Maxim like the Vickers machine gun were joined by a number of other machine weapons, which generally had their commence during the early 20th century like the Hotchkiss machine gun. Submachine guns (e.g., the German MP eighteen) as well as lighter machine guns (the primary light-weight machine gun deployed in any important number getting the Madsen machine gun, While using the Chauchat and Lewis gun quickly pursuing) observed their to start with major use in World War I, together with hefty use of enormous-caliber machine guns.


Thompson Center Icon
After all its not every year that a manufacturer introduces a completely new rifle design. ThompsonCenter 22 LR Classic.
The Thompson Center TCR22 10Rd is designed for your TC R22 rifle and has a capacity of 10 rounds.
Thompson center icon. Typically we just see minor variations of existing designs. From the range to the fields to the. This was with Hornady 155-grain ammo.
The company is best known for its line of interchangeable barrel single-shot pistols and rifles. The Hawken muzzleloading rifle appeared first. Indeed the Contender Carbines made by TC have become an industry standard across the pond.
Genuine Thompson Center magazine built for TC R22 rifle 22LR 10 round. State wildlife agencies were authorizing special seasons for primitive weapons Hunters eager for more time afield would ensure the Hawkens success. ThompsonCenter Model R55.
TC COMPASS II is a feature-rich rifle that is packed with value. Thompson Center Venture Predator 308 Winchester Bolt-Action Rifle with Realtree Max-1 Camo Stock 63800 46499. THOMPSONCENTER ICON Specifications Caliber243 Win.
The Icon Classic is available in270 WIN280 REM30-06 SPRG7MM REM MAG300 WIN MAG and338 WIN MAG. Thompson Center Icon Precision Hunter Magazine. Thompson Center TCR22 Magazine 22LR 10rd.
More than 400000 were produced between 1967 and 2000 when the original model was discontinued. The ThompsonCenter TCR22 rifle delivers exceptional out-of-the-box performance through a feature set that appeals to both recreational shooters and hunters. This Single Stack Magazine maintains Perfect Alignment And Flawless Feeding Into Your IconSee Details For More Info.
9812 This Is a Replacement Magazine For The Icons 22-250Rem. Thompson Center TC is very popular with sport hunters throughout the United States. By 1970 Ken Thompson and Warren Center had formed ThompsonCenter Arms and were hard at work on new gun designs.
Unusually the holes are printed on the paper and not actual this is due to the fact TC use a computer-aided acoustic targeting system. ThompsonCenter Arms has issued a blanket recall on all their Icon Venture and Dimension bolt-action rifles. With ThompsonCenter The Hunt Never Ends.
The Icon came with a test target that showed a group measuring 0620 x 0590 100 yards which is pretty good. ThompsonCenter Pro Hunter. ThompsonCenter TCR Hunter Model.
Thompson and Warren Center. Read more Gun. Thompson Center also manufactures muzzleloading rifles and is credited with creating the resurgence of their use in the 1970s.
ThompsonCenter Icon Classic Long Action Rifle. ThompsonCenter Arms Company is an American firearms company based in Rochester New Hampshire. Thompson Center Icon 300 Winchester Mag Leupold VX-III 45-14mm Thompson Center Icon 300 Winchester Mag Leupold VX-III 45-14x40mm scope flip up lens covers gun case looks almost like new.
Welcome to the hub of ThompsonCenter firearmswhere the hunt never ends. ThompsonCenter Arms Magazine Icon Rifle22-250 Md. ThompsonCenter 22 Classic Benchmark.
The ICON is also available in22-250 REM243 WIN65 Creedmoor308 WIN 30 TC. Companys first gun was a break-open single-shot pistol known as Contender. Thompson Center Venture Predator 223 Rem Bolt-Action Rifle with Realtree Max-1 Camo Stock 63800 46499.
Its built with steel feed lips for durability and reliability and a transparent window for round-count visibility. ThompsonCenter Arms offers the best in bolt-action rifles muzzleloaders hunting accessories and interchangeable platform guns. No Reason To Miss The Season.
The reliable performance of the original TC COMPASS rifle now with ThompsonCenters Generation II trigger system. However with the ICON the guys at TC claim they started with a clean sheet of paper trying to. It was still a surprise to many in the industry though when TC launched a bolt-action rifle named the Icon into an already-crowded marketplace.
The TCR22 includes a green fiber optic f Click for more info. 2 models Thompson Center Bolt Action Magazine for Icons Rifle As Low As Save Up to 31 2749 Thompson Center Accessories Compass 22-250 Remington 3999 Save 210 3789 Thompson Center Single Shot Adaptor for Icon 22-250 CP-6b 649 Show. ThompsonCenter Silver Lynx.
Featuring a black polymer construction and bold model branding the 3 round magazine from Thompson Center is developed for both the Icon and Precision Hunter rifle models from TC. ThompsonCenter Icon Weathershield Medium Action Rifle. The recall is for every Icon Venture and Dimension rifle made through.
Was founded in Rochester New York in 1965 by KW. Ever since Thompson Center Arms introduced the ICON rifle Ive been intrigued by their claims.


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10 Websites with ammunition in Title, Description or Keywords
CSWAB: Citizens for Safe Water Around Badger
Wisconsin non-profit organization works for expedient cleanup of contamination at Badger Army Ammunition Plant and to preserve and protect water resources
Winchester Ammunition manufactures ammo for all shooting activities: hunting ammo, shooting, target ammo, and personal defense ammo. Winchester offers rifle ammo, shotgun ammo, and handgun ammo.
Firearms - Shotguns - Rifles - Handguns - Ammunition - Remington Guns - Home of America's Oldest Gunmaker
Remington produces hunting rifles, shotgun models, handguns and ammunition and has led the sporting arms industry with innovation after innovation. No other firearms and ammunition manufacturer combines so much tradition with innovative new products.
Latest news from the National Shooting Sports Foundation, the trade association for the shooting, hunting and firearms industry.
Home page - SGCUSA
Shop online for Firearms, Accessories, Ammunition, and more.
Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics
Enciclopedia delle armi - a cura di Edoardo Mori
ENCICLOPEDIA DELLE ARMI - Un sito e banca dati per storia delle armi, diritto e giurisprudenza delle armi, leggi sulle armi, balistica, programmi di balistica, testi elettronici, creato da E. Mori (Italian language)
50 BMG upper receiver, fits on any AR-15 lower, 50 cal custom rifles, 50 caliber ammunition and projectiles
Net-North East Technologies Ltd
North East Technologies works closely with its various customers to find the best practical solution suitable for them, research, test & evaluate some of the best technology available to Defense & Law Enforcement agencies in the Global Arena.
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Goldsmith ignores the theatrics. He is obtained a 95-12 months-outdated machine gun around the table in front of him, and he is obtained to determine the best way to coax it into shooting once again.
For people who do very own an M60 machine gun (kinda Odd/kinda wonderful), It is $250 for every shooter for a three working day shoot. You supply your personal guns & ammo and have a spot over the firing line.
The store does loads of enterprise with space legislation enforcement organizations and receives a lot of used legislation enforcement guns in trades. To market inventory turnover, pricing is held fair and competitive. About ninety% of the Bond’s Class three revenue are to other sellers.
You'll be able to cancel gratis until finally four times prior to your reservation begins. After that time, no cancellations, improvements or refunds might be created.
In addition, Carlson is charged with just one substantive count of possession of an unregistered machinegun.
Gentle machine guns are built to provide cellular fire support to your squad and are usually air-cooled weapons fitted that has a box magazine or drum in addition to a bipod; They might use complete-sizing rifle rounds, but present day examples normally use intermediate rounds. Medium machine guns use entire-sized rifle rounds and are designed to be made use of from fastened positions mounted over a tripod. Hefty machine gun is usually a expression originating in Environment War I to explain heavyweight medium machine guns more info and persisted into Globe War II with Japanese Hotchkiss M1914 clones; currently, even so, it is utilized to consult with computerized weapons by using a caliber of no less than .
A gaggle of previous white guys gathers driving me as Ulicki masses shiny gold rounds in the M16 journal. I hand my reporter's notebook to a person at the rear of me and contact the killing machine.
The everyday HK bring about device is assembled in a separate plastic housing, integral Along with the pistol grip as well as bring about guard. Due to this characteristic, numerous types of firing mode combos can be utilized on any rifle, simply by setting up the appropriate induce unit.
Through lulls among foods, the four-H-ers sit on ice chests, seemingly oblivious into the shooting. The majority of them are teens who think machine guns are neat, apart from a person girl who would like to become a biologist.
The M24E6 is one particular considerable illustration of the updates in weaponry over time and In such a case normally known for its light-weight pounds but While using the identical capabilities of furnishing precision photographs and accuracy because of the stability the mounted bipod or tripod presents.
Yet another basic development taking place before And through the war was the incorporation by gun designers of machine gun car-loading mechanisms into handguns, supplying rise to semi-automatic pistols like the Borchardt (1890s), computerized machine pistols and afterwards submachine guns (such as the Beretta 1918).
The machine guns deal with the target place, a wide, dry wash. Dozens of white barrels—the targets—line the wash. The concentrate on region is "backstopped" 1st by its own eroded financial institution, after which you can a cratered hill, after which a mountain.
Array supervision is furnished and personal instruction is obtainable. The demanded sixteen-hour course for getting an Arizona hid firearms allow is supplied on a regular basis, as well as combat shooting classes.
Almost all of his shoppers look for Colt Thompsons with little if any dress in or rare guns that saw restricted creation.


There are seveal groups, including light, medium and heavy class. They're for said difficulty of problem, and if one troop fails, the class may be brought up.
Rank 1 : Bodyguard [Light Class]
The weakest troop, Usually sent in for scouting missions or to protect diplomats.
Weapons include light assault and pistol weaponry
Rank 2 : Officer [Medium Class]
A good unit for small-scale wars and crimes. Usually used to resolve homeland security issues.
Weapons include assault weaponry.
Rank 3 : Shield [Heavy Class]
A heavy unit for dealing with war crimes and riots
Weapons include a form of riot shield and heavy assault
Rank 4 : Hidden [Heavy Class]
A stealth-class unit for taking out people of interest quietly.
Weapons include silenced pistols and light assault [if needed]
Rank 5 : Offensive [Extreme Class]
A heavy beam-focused class for taking out armies of people.
Weapons include heavy assault, artillery, and beam weapons]
Rank 6 : Defensive [Extreme Class]
A heavy shield-based class using state-of-the-art defensive technology
Weapons include heavy assault, beam, and shield weapons.
Rank 7 : Calamity [Extreme Class]
A extremely powerful but rare class for taking out entire countries
Only a few exist, and they use heavy beam weapons and Alice Matter-based weaponry
The Military Advisor himself.


Every hunter interested in archery wants to know how effective a hunting tool of choice is before they purchase one. One famous hunting tool is the crossbow. Most people interested in archery want to know how far they can shoot using the cross bar. The answer to this question depends on a number of things including how good of a shot you are, whether you are using the crossbow for target practice or hunting, the velocity of your crossbow, and how good your scope is.
Different crossbows are effective for different purposes. The accuracy with which you want the arrow directed is another determining factor when choosing a cross bar with shooting distance in mind. For example, when hitting a target is your concern then going for a solid 300+ FPS crossbow would be effective. Test the bow and ensure that the brand you go for can shoot an arrow over 500 yards in the air.
Different crossbow ranges exists depending on what your aim is. For hunting purposes, a bow that can shoot an average hunting range of between 50-60 yards is effective. It is possible to go beyond this up to 80-yard range, as this will still be effective to kill a medium to large game animal when using the 300+ FPS crossbow. The real question however is whether you can make a clean shot at the vital organs of the target animal. Most people cannot do his with precision hence the high preference for cross bars with a maximum range of 35 yards only.
Effective target practice range
There is more room for error when considering the range for target practicing. Using the same 300+ FPS crossbow you have up to 180-yard range allowance to shoot an arrow and penetrate it through a compressed foam target. It is not easy to shoot an arrow from a far disturbance but this does not make it impossible, as there are people who can shoot from a distance of 80 yards and still hit the bull’s eye. The important thing is to know that the arrow’s velocity will depreciate with distance with most dropping after a 30-yard distance. The longer the distance the more pronounced the trajectory distance would be.
What is the influence of the scope on this matter?
The changes that come with distance increase will definitely have different implications so it is important to be able to zoom in on the target. The farther away the target is the higher you will have to aim the crossbow in order to compensate for the arrow drop. This explains why the target should have at least three red spots to increase the visibility.
A typical 3-dot scope, the top dot will be seen at a distance of 20 yards, the second one at a 30-yard distance and the third one will be seen at a 40-yard distance. Some scopes will have more reticles or spots all of which are sighted at different yard distances the lowest being a 60 yard distance.


General Accounting Office (GAO IMTEC-92-26) entitled “Patriot Missile Defense: Software Problem Led to System Failure at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia" provides a nice concise write-up of the problem.18 August 2020 by Phillip Johnston An Iraqi Scud missile hit baracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, after a Patriot missile defense system failed to intercept the missile.Originally designed in 1978, the system uses a.Today, Saudi Arabia has over 100 operational missile intercepts using the Patriot ballistic missile.On 22 Mar 03 a British Tornado aircraft was incorrectly identified as an Anti-Radiation Missile (ARM) and engaged by a nearby Patriot missile battery.Research the Internet on the status of the RealNetworks vs.Initially, Patriot was intended as a defense against.Do you think these steps would have improved the Patriot’s effectiveness enough to make it obvious that the missile was a strong.During the 1991-1992 Operation Desert Storm conflict between Coalition forces and Iraq, the Coalition used a military base in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia that was protected by six U.Case Study: Patriot Missile Failure at Dhahran.However it is incumbent upon the programmer to track the radix point at all stages of the computation, patriot missile failure case study answer and to ensure that a sufficient number of bits are provided on both sides of the radix point Flight 501 Failure.The official post-failure analysis report by the U.A former patient of the hospital, Barbara Masters, is suing the hospital for negligent care of an infected decubitus ulcer.Answer: There status are not very unusual they are in quarrel about the process of RealNetworks for downloading files music from Ipods of Apple Company..Write one page summary of your findings.Raytheon's Patriot Missile System, the foundation of the U.The initial version of the system was upgraded several times, beginning in 1988, to provide a limited ability to engage short-range tactical ballistic missiles.With the benefit of hindsight, what steps could have taken during development of the Patriot software to avoid the problems that led loss of life?Chapter 7 - Case Study 3: Patriot Missile Failure.With the benefit of hindsight, what steps.
Rigor mortis case study, study failure patriot missile case answer
The cause of the failure was later found to be a programming.The Chairman of the Board : Prof.Seven lives and three billion dollars worth of equipment was lost.Feb-Oct 2003 Lean launched on 3 other Patriot programs October 2002 Lean launched at LEAD on Patriot RECAP program* 18 July 2002 Col.With the benefit of hindsight, what steps could have been taken during development of the Patriot software to avoid the problems that led to the loss of life?Patriot Missile batteries There is a nice concise write-up of the problem, with a prefatory background on how the Patriot system is designed to work, in the official post-failure analysis report by the U.What ethical decisions do you think the U.Cisco Systems has developed a solution to bridge the gap of distance between patient patriot missile failure case study answer and physician.Answer: By its missile deployments, and through this weekend's publicity, the US hopes to reassure its Arab friends Professional Ethics: Case Study Linggo, Enero 20, 2013.Missile Failure Case Study simply has to have absolutely Missile Failure Case Study perfect grammar, punctuation, spelling, formatting, and composition.Leadership developments at Letterkenny Army Depot (“LEAD”).Answer: Yes, the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers Chapter 8 - Case Study 3: Technological Advances Create Digital Divide in Health Care Chapter 7 Patriot Missile Failure.9 Ethics case study: patriot missile failure.ANSWER: Case#6 Patriot Missile Failure 1.If last night’s intercept was a failure, it would be a significant question mark over the effectiveness of the system, and it would not be the first.4 Case Study: Patriot Missile Defense Failure Caused by Loss of Precision.The system has patriot missile failure case study answer been in the active force since the early 1980s.Patriot Missile Long-Range Air-Defence System.The Patriot Missile Failure On February 25, 1991, during the Gulf War, an American Patriot Missile battery in Dharan, Saudi Arabia, failed to track and intercept an incoming Iraqi Scud missile.The Patriot is a surface-to-air defence missile system manufactured by Raytheon 3 and used by the United States Army, originally designed to protect against Soviet cruise missiles and medium to high altitude aircraft.You are asked by Barbara's attorney to provide sworn verbal testimony and/or written answers to questions.Army's integrated Air & Missile Defense architecture, is a long-range, all-altitude, all-weather system fielded to defeat advanced threats including aircraft, tactical ballistic missiles and cruise missiles.Pyeatt, William Ughetta, in ARM 64-Bit Assembly Language, 2020 8.2 That was not the case for Patriot.Of these 11, nine resulted in successful TBM engagements; the other two were fratricides.General Accounting Office (GAO IMTEC-92-26) entitled “Patriot Missile Defense: Software Problem Led to System Failure at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia“ The Patriot Missile Failure.Had supplied Iraq with military aid during its eight-year war.The failure to intercept the missile was caused by a.Included in this report is prefatory background on how the Patriot system is designed to work Case Study: Lethal Software Defects - Patriot Missile Failure.Cases builds off introduction of lean into Patriot missile recapitalization.Guinn joins as Commander LEAD Letterkenny Army Depot Finance case 1.
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Source on the accuracy of Baltimores in WWII? It displaced 18,000 tons, was 526 feet long, and carried a crew of about 800. Their superior modern engines gave them better speed and maneuverability. It appears the main differences between this and World Of Warships is that Dreadnoughts is a single player against an AI computer oppenent rather than another human, and is … Dreadnought, British battleship launched in 1906 that established the pattern of the turbine-powered, ‘all-big-gun’ warship, a type that dominated the world’s navies for the next 35 years. It's shape and gun power made it famous.


Defense insulation is a critical component in the modern world, designed to protect military personnel and equipment from various threats. With advancements in technology and the ever-evolving nature of combat, the need for superior defense insulation has become more vital than ever before. This article provides an in-depth exploration of defense insulation, its significance in military operations, and the latest developments in this field.
Defense insulation serves as a barrier that shields military assets from external factors such as extreme temperatures, vibrations, shockwaves, electromagnetic interference, and ballistic impacts. It plays a crucial role in enhancing the survivability, reliability, and performance of military systems, ranging from vehicles and aircraft to electronics and ammunition. As warfare becomes increasingly complex and demanding, defense insulation solutions are continuously being researched and improved to provide enhanced protection against evolving threats.
The Significance of Defense Insulation in Military Operations
Defense insulation plays a crucial role in military operations by providing essential protection to personnel and equipment against a wide range of threats. Whether it’s the extreme temperatures experienced in desert environments or the shockwaves generated by explosive devices, defense insulation acts as a barrier that ensures the survivability, reliability, and performance of military systems. Without effective insulation, military assets would be vulnerable to various external factors, compromising their operational capabilities and putting lives at risk.
One company at the forefront of defense insulation solutions is First Defense Insulation. With a dedication to innovation, they have been researching and improving their products to deliver enhanced protection against evolving threats. Their defense insulation solutions are designed to withstand extreme conditions and provide reliable insulation that can withstand ballistic impacts, vibrations, and electromagnetic interference. By continually pushing the boundaries of what is possible in defense insulation, First Defense Insulation is contributing to the overall effectiveness and safety of military operations worldwide.
Latest Developments in Defense Insulation
As warfare evolves, so do the threats that military personnel and equipment face on the battlefield. Advancements in technology have led to the development of new materials and techniques for defense insulation. One exciting development is the use of nanomaterials, which offer exceptional properties such as increased strength, flexibility, and resistance to heat and impact. These nanomaterials can be incorporated into various defense insulation applications, providing superior protection against multiple threats.
Innovative companies like First Defense Insulation are harnessing these advancements to create cutting-edge defense insulation solutions. By leveraging nanotechnology, they are able to develop lightweight yet highly effective insulation materials that can be seamlessly integrated into military systems. This allows for improved performance and a reduced overall weight burden on personnel and vehicles, increasing mobility and operational effectiveness.
In conclusion, defense insulation is a critical component in modern military operations. It serves as a crucial barrier that protects personnel and equipment from external threats, ensuring the survivability, reliability, and performance of military systems. Companies like First Defense Insulation are at the forefront of developing innovative solutions to meet the evolving needs of defense insulation, incorporating advancements such as nanomaterials to provide superior protection for military assets.
First Defense Insulation
12 Greenway Plaza Suite 1147, Houston, Texas, 77046
With their dedication to innovation and continuous research, companies like First Defense Insulation are advancing the field of defense insulation. By leveraging new materials and techniques, such as nanomaterials, they are able to develop lightweight yet highly effective insulation solutions. These advancements not only improve the overall performance and reliability of military systems but also reduce the weight burden on personnel and vehicles, increasing mobility and operational effectiveness. As warfare continues to evolve, defense insulation will remain a critical component in ensuring the safety and success of military operations worldwide.


Labrador Battery at Labrador Park.
Labrador Park was one of nine sites where British forces set up their batteries for the defence of Singapore before world war 2. This strategy was based on the belief that invasion of Singapore would not come from the north. These batteries would fire shells against naval invaders to Singapore.
The Labrador Battery included two six-inch 37-ton guns which were installed in 1938. These guns could fire 102 lb shells almost 10 miles.
In addition to these two guns there were searchlights to beam at enemy battleships.
In February 1942 these guns were traversed almost 180 degrees to fire upon the advancing Japanese Imperial Forces on Pasir Panjang Road towards Alexandra Road. However, they were not effective against land forces because of their very flat trajectory.
What we see today in Labrador Park are only the gun positions and not the guns. However, these remind Singaporeans that wrong military strategy can lead to disaster. Winston Churchill called the fall of Singapore 'the greatest disaster to British arms which our history records'.
Memorial Plague at the top of the hill .


Kattegutian Berserker! Weapons only!
This kit will get you started for any battle!
Includes laser cut cardboard and materials to create:
- 1 sword with bamboo sized for internal structural support
- 1 full size scabbard for sword including strap and clip for belt
- 1 shield (3 layers)
- 1 dagger with bamboo sized for internal structural support
- 1 scabbard for dagger
- 1 roll of 2" wide masking tape for assembly
(Once ordered, please allow at least a week for lasering/packing + shipping time)


The US Navy is moving the USS Ronald Reagan aircraft carrier to the Korean Peninsula where it will conduct dual-carrier training exercises with theÂ USS Carl VinsonÂ amid heightened tensions in the region, two defense officials told CNN.
The move comes just days after North Korea demonstrated a significant leap forward in their missile program after launching a projectile that achieved “successful” controlled reentry into the Earth’s lower atmosphere rather than falling back to the surface, according to a preliminary US intelligence analysis, two US officials tell CNN.
The USS Ronald Reagan departed for the Korean Peninsula on Tuesday after completing a maintenance period andÂ sea trialsÂ in its homeport of Yokosuka, Japan, according to the Navy.
“Coming out of a long in-port maintenance period we have to ensure that Ronald Reagan and the remainder of the strike group are integrated properly as we move forward,” Rear Adm. Charles Williams said in a press release.
Once it arrives in the region, the carrier will conduct a variety of training exercises but primarily focus on certifying its ability to safely launch and recover aircraft, the Navy said. Defense officials would not comment on long the two carriers would be there, but ultimately the Reagan is expected to replace the Vinson in the region once its deployment ends.
While North Korea has yet to carry out that nuclear test, it didÂ launch a Hwasong-12 missileÂ that achieved an altitude of more than 2,100 kilometers (1,300 miles) on Sunday, according to the North Koreans, the highest launch to date in their missile test program.
Pyongyang said the test was “aimed at verifying the tactical and technological specifications of the newly developed ballistic rocket capable of carrying a large-size heavy nuclear warhead,” according to the state-run Korean Central News Agency.
After the test, North Korea warned the United States not to provoke it, saying the “US mainland and Pacific operations” are within range of North Korean missiles.
KCNA said the test showed North Korea “has all powerful means for retaliatory strike” should Washington take any military action to stop its nuclear weapons program.
Tensions have rapidly escalated on the Korean Peninsula since US President Donald Trump declared in early April he would be prepared to act “unilaterally” against Pyongyang — and North Korea has engaged in a series of military drills and test launches.
China, North Korea’s longtime ally, has called on Pyongyang to stop its nuclear program while calling on the US to stop military drills and deployments in the region, which North Korea sees as threatening its security.
Russian PresidentÂ Vladimir Putin weighed inÂ after Sunday’s missile test, saying that while Moscow did not support Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions, “intimidating (North Korea) is unacceptable.”
Putin’s comments drewÂ criticism from US Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley, who said Russia had it “all wrong.”
“What about North Korea intimidating us?” Haley said.
Analysts said Pyongyang’s latest missile test does give Washington something to worry about.
They said the test showed the missile could reach the US Pacific territory of Guam, home to Andersen Air Force Base, through which the US rotates heavy bombers, including B-1s, B-2s and B-52s.
While North Korea’s arsenal of missiles is becoming clearer,Â there is less certainty about how developed its nuclear program is.
To actually deliver such a missile, Pyongyang would have to have advanced technology in both miniaturizing its nuclear weapons as well as in protecting a nuclear warhead from being destroyed upon reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere.


Article By: Kenneth A. Stewart
NPS’ undersea warfare program is experiencing an influx of students from allied foreign nations, many from countries along the strategic Pacific Rim.
“Submarines have become the weapon of choice for a lot of small countries because recent developments in missile technology, and the need to be survivable, have made them a better choice than surface ships. As a result, there is a larger number of international students attending NPS’ undersea warfare curriculum. Their countries want them to be more knowledgeable of the undersea world,” said retired Rear Adm. Jerry Ellis, a 36-year Navy veteran, former Pacific Submarine Force Commander and former Oceanographer of the Navy who now leads the program.
Even nations like Egypt, which do not have a strong submarine force, have enrolled students in the curriculum in order to develop, in addition to other things, the anti-submarine warfare capabilities necessary to address potential threats from the undersea domain.
Canadian Air Force Capt. Liam Doyle is currently enrolled in the program. While an Air Force officer, he serves as an Air Combat Systems Officer aboard a naval vessel out of Canadian Forces Base, Sheer Water. His interest in the undersea warfare program stems from his nation’s procurement of several U.S. CH-148 Cyclone helicopters – an aircraft well suited for anti-submarine warfare.
“It is leaps and bounds ahead of what we have now,” said Doyle. “We came to NPS to get the academic and theoretical base that we need to exploit this new aircraft to its full potential.”
Ellis notes that it is not just technological developments like these that have driven more nations into the undersea domain. Cost considerations and stealth improvements in non-nuclear submarines are also the factors driving renewed interest, and access to, in undersea warfare.
|Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Undersea Warfare Chair retired Rear Adm. Jerry Ellis, far left, and NPS Research Assistant Professor John Joseph, far right, are pictured with several international students enrolled in the university’s undersea warfare (USW) program. The USW program has seen a recent influx of foreign officers of late, many from nations along the strategically-important Pacific Rim.|
“The undersea world is the only place you can go that offers a relatively safe haven for offensive and defensive operations,” Ellis noted. “In the past, you could get close enough with your carrier strike group to launch your planes and attack an adversary. Now, if you are that close, you are in potential jeopardy since you are in missile range.
“We can operate there, but it is much more difficult and challenging than ever before. Operating from the undersea world, where we still enjoy undersea dominance, is clearly of great importance,” he continued.
Stealth has always been one of the most attractive features of any submarine force and today’s submarines have never been more quiet. The “silent service” continues to offer strategic and tactical advantages that an increasing number of nations would like to exploit.
“If you can be stealthy and operate under the sea where you cannot be detected, you can do all sorts of things,” Ellis said. “You can operate in someone else’s waters without anybody knowing you are there. You can choose when and where you want to do something, whether it be an attack or merely gathering intelligence.”
Cost may also be a factor in the increased interest of a growing number of nations toward pursuing submarine technology. While the U.S. does not sell submarine technology, other nations, including Russia, France and Germany do, and the cost of purchasing an effective diesel powered submarine is within the range of some developing nations.
“Many countries have never had a submarine before, and some of those countries that did, had submarines that were not very capable. They are now buying more modern submarines,” explained Ellis. “You can buy a very good diesel-electric submarine for $300-500 million, and if it has the right number of weapons, sensors and the ability to operate in stealthy mode, it can sink a destroyer, cruiser or even a carrier. Submarines provide a disproportionate advantage.”
Posted November 1, 2016