Furious Vanquishers' Fleet
Despite being a fleet-based Chapter, due to the constant state of warfare and the sheer amount of resources required to make starships, they have a rather small combat fleet of merely four warships, discounting escort class ships and non-combat vessels.
Reaver: This colossal ship is large even for a Battle Barge as befitting the flagship of a fleet based Space Marine Chapter. Large enough to house the entire Chapter, its vast armouries of weapons and vehicles as well as the rest of the facilities usually found in a Fortress Monastery such as a grand library, apothecary, oratoriums, trophy rooms and even crypts. Interestingly, various parts of the ship are said to have developed their own habitats- such as hydro-cultures used to grow vegetables and other organic food-matter in artifical environments.
With such precious cargo stored within, it is natural that this warship boasts outstanding defense systems and immense hangars to house a myriad of thunderhawks and other smaller vessels to carry Astartes into battle and launch punishing assaults whether in space or in the atmosphere of a planet. These weapons capable of bombarding planets to utter destruction are even more fitting given the Chapter's focus on siege assault.
Oblivion: This strike cruiser was constructed alongside Reaver in the 37th Millenium as one of the first ships intended to build up the newly found Furious Vanquishers' fleet. Battle scars litter the hull of this sole surviving strike cruiser, a testament to the skill of its now experienced crew and the craftmanship of its construction.
Guardian: This Strike Cruiser is different from the standard pattern by virtue of having much thicker armour; whilst being slower because of this, it is capable of taking far heftier punishment- thusly it is often put in the front of assaults and is the choice of vessel for important cargo when the Reaver is not present. Its fortified state also grants a boon when closing in for boarding actions, capable of pushing through barrages to close in on its prey. This ship was captured as a prize of war, the ship being hoarded as a prize by renegades in the orbit of a death world that the Vanquishers cleared out.
Vehemence: The newest of the Vanquishers' ships; this strike cruiser has seen its share of fierce combat despite being the youngest in a family of war vessels.
Escort Vessels: Far smaller and less impressive escort ships border the fleet when moving through space and launch advanced patrols to keep the rest of the fleet safe.
Non-combatant vessels: A host of smaller ships accompany the warships; comprised of vessels that have a primary function of keeping the fleet running. Entire ships are dedicated to artificially growing food, whilst others are mobile re-fuelling stations. The large majority of the crew come from uplifted populations of planets that the Vanquishers have liberated from planets made inhospitable by the wars there. Liberation of entire populations requires a large capacity, thusly the fleet also boasts a large quantity of transports, even including a handful of Universe Class Mass Conveyers.


This training is intended for ammunition and UXO experts who want to broaden and deepen their knowledge in the field of World War I ammunition.
Executive staff of explosives soil survey companies who are responsible for explosives safety, the handling and/or approaching of remnants of war, identifying the explosives found and securing the situation on Belgian territory.
The following topics are covered, among others:
• The history of chemical warfare
• General info about chemically charged projectiles
• Recognition of chemically charged projectiles
• Chemical substances
• Security measures when finding and / or manipulating chemical ammunition
• German, French and British ammunition used in WWI
Participants receive a curriculum package that is also suitable as a reference work.
After completing the training you will have insight into the specific aspects of chemical and other munitions from the First World War.
Participants will receive a proof of participation.


Rumored Buzz on 4 gauge shotgunI really like that about four:23 into it the sole person who could reasonably Command the gun's kick was wearing shortest shorts at any time. Like They are basically daisy dukes.
3 mm (0.80 in). Some also assert an elevated velocity with the overbored barrels, up to fifteen m/s (49 ft/s), which is due to larger sized swept quantity with the overbored barrel. Once only located in highly-priced tailor made shotguns, overbored barrels are now turning into popular in mass promoted guns. Aftermarket backboring is also generally performed to lessen the weight with the barrel, and shift the center of mass backwards for a better balance. Factory overbored barrels frequently are created with a bigger outdoors diameter, and will not likely have this reduction in excess weight—even though the factory barrels will likely be harder, considering that they've got a normal barrel wall thickness.
Just locating a position where you could head over to shoot it would be a difficulty and capturing targets would frankly get uninteresting following the main shot. I saw a movie of one that, at about twenty yards, wrecked a 4ft x 8ft sheet of plywood. Now a 10 gage has some posibilities....
This simplifies to the following system for The interior diameter of the barrel of an n-gauge shotgun:
m. PST cutoff time, then it is going to ship that working day and get there two business times afterwards. When your buy is put after the 11 a.m. PST cutoff time, We are going to do our best to system it a similar day but might require an additional working day.
7 mm) is taken into account a damaging device and as such is seriously limited. Having said that, the ATF has dominated that as long as the gun was intended to hearth shot, and modified (from the consumer or even the company) to fire single projectiles With all the addition of a rifled barrel, then the firearm remains regarded a shotgun and never a damaging product.
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This means that brands should market place new varieties of lead-no cost shotgun ammunition loaded with alternate pellets to fulfill environmental constraints on the use here of lead, together with guide-primarily based and cheaper shotshell ammunition, to stay aggressive throughout the world.
Some indoor capturing ranges prohibit the use of metal shot more than issue of it triggering a spark when hitting an object down variety and producing a fireplace.[citation desired] One more issue is more info ricochet. Metal is rather elastic and may reflect back into the shooter.
A contemporary shotgun slug is often a significant projectile fabricated from lead, copper, or other product and fired from a shotgun. Slugs are created for hunting significant game, self-defense, together with other utilizes. The main productive modern shotgun slug was introduced by Wilhelm Brenneke in 1898, and his style and design stays in use right now.
The guide section of this text might must be rewritten. Make sure you focus on this problem within the posting's speak site. Use the direct layout information to make sure the portion follows Wikipedia's norms and to be inclusive of all necessary details. (April 2017) (Find out how and when to eliminate this template message)
If you're up on the obstacle and adore Excessive recoil it's possible a 4 gauge shotgun is great for your sporting clays outing as well.
Guns Global tends to make no illustration or warranty as to your precision of the knowledge contained during the gun classifieds, gun linked or gun services classifieds shown on This website. Potential buyers and sellers are necessary to know and comply with all relevant local, state and federal firearm rules.
Traditional, American Walnut shares are sanded and given a three-coat, Danish oil complete to provide outstanding climate resistance and sturdiness. High quality, straight-grained Wooden appears sharp and is not difficult to the touch up In the event the inventory is nicked or dinged. Features plastic buttplate. 95% inletted and able to set up; only necessitates small fitting.


by Aaron Einhorn
Since the dawn of time, mankind has come up with a lot of different tools to hurt one another with. We’ve created blades, bashing weapons, projectiles, countless unarmed fighting styles – you name it. But for some reason, as geeks, we keep coming back to swords when we want a cool weapon. What did King Arthur, Lion-O, He-Man, She-Ra, Thundarr the Barbarian and Luke Skywalker all have in common? A kick-ass sword. And that doesn’t even touch the hundreds of fantasy and science fiction characters who used mundane swords for great effect. Swords are just cool. And a magical sword? That’s awesome.
So, today, we’re going to take a look at ten of the coolest swords in geekdom. Each of these swords was cool beyond simply the ability of its wielder to use it, and so we’ll examine that aspect of each weapon as well.
10) Any Hatori Hanzo blade (The Bride, Bill, Budd – Kill Bill)
When you absolutely, positively, have to make sure that the leader of the assassin troupe you used to belong to, before you decided to quit so you could have a baby and he then attempted to kill you but actually just put you into a coma, then you want a Hatori Hanzo sword.
Featured in both of the Kill Bill films, Hatori Hanzo is renowned as the finest maker of swords who has ever lived. And when the Bride begins her roaring rampage of revenge, she realizes that she needs a Hanzo sword to take on Bill, since apparently the only thing that is capable of stopping one Hanzo sword is another Hanzo sword. Despite being retired, Hatori Hanzo crafts the finest blade he has ever made to enable the Bride to kill Bill.
We actually see three Hanzo swords in the film. Bill and his brother Bud each have one, and we get to see the blade used both in the Bride’s fight against O-Ren Ishsi and her Crazy 88’s, and then used against Bud’s sword in the battle between Ellie and the Bride. Bill and the Bride don’t really get a sword-duel in the film, which is regrettable, but the sequence is so dang cool that it’s hard to care that it’s so short.
As awesome as the Hanzo blade is meant to be, we don’t really see any special properties out of the weapons. But the respect that the weapons command is palpable, and for a group of assassins who are highly proficient with guns, it’s astonishing how much time swords and other forms of close combat see in these movies.
9) Your father’s lightsaber (Luke Skywalker, Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope)
By the time we reached the end of the prequel trilogy, lightsabers have become almost commonplace. In the original trilogy, after all, we only see four lightsabers (Luke’s, Anakin’s, Obi-Wan’s and Vaders), and only three people capable of using them – and this group doesn’t change through the course of all three films! (Ok, yes, we know Yoda and Palpatine are both capable of it, but it would take the prequels to ever see that).
Because of that, it’s hard to say that the lightsaber – in and of itself – is all that amazing, at least to modern audiences. But the sheer magic of the moment when Obi-Wan first hands Luke his father’s sword in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope is the first time that we knew, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that we were in for more than just another space opera movie. Lightsabers were the first clue that the universe of Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope was one where magic could happen, and a young boy from Tattoine could overthrow an Evil Galactic Empire. It isn’t that the other lightsabers in the six films and subsequent spin-offs aren’t cool. They are. Any time you have an energy blade capable of deflecting blasters and cutting through anything, you’re dealing with a cool weapon. But receiving “your father’s lightsaber” was a special moment, both for Luke Skywalker and for the audiences who first saw it in 1977.
8) The Vorpal Sword (Alice Kingsley, Alice in Wonderland)
For the relatively minor part that Lewis Carrol’s Jaberwocky plays in the tale of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, it’s astonishing how large of an effect it has. Used to slay the titular creature in the poem, the vorpal sword’s abilities are largely undefined in the poem, although the image of the monster’s head going snicker-snack is impossible to forget.
Enter Gary Gygax and Dungeons and Dragons. Looking to fill the chests of loot that murderous thieves heroic adventurers would steal acquire as they performed home invasions and murder to get wealth and profit fought evil creatures and saved the world, a host of magical devices and inventions were needed. And none was cooler than the Vorpal Sword, which on the right roll, could instantly decapitate any foe it went up against.
In turn, the Vorpal Sword was reimported to the Alice in Wonderland mythology, especially in later incarnations where Alice’s adventures took her against the Jaberwocky. This played out especially well in the 2010 Alice in Wonderland directed by Tim Burton, where the climax of the film involves Alice (Mia Wasikowska) using the Vorpal Sword against a very scary Jaberwocky, voiced by the esteemed Christopher Lee. The Jaberwocky makes it clear that while Alice may be the only one capable of using the sword in this time and place, it is the sword itself which is deadly. And he’s not wrong.
7) The Swords of the Cross – Amoracchius, Fidelacchius and Esperacchius (Michael Carpenter, Karrin Murphy, Shinto and others, Grave Peril and others by Jim Butcher)
According to most versions of the crucifixion, three nails were used to affix Jesus to the cross for his execution. Among the relics found in tales about the Christian Church, each of these nails is highly revered. So, in the world of Jim Butcher’s Dresden File, it makes sense that these nails would become highly potent weapons against evil forces.
And so it came to pass that there would be three different Swords forged, each one with one of the nails embedded in the hilt of the blade, and that the three Knights of the Cross would be among the most potent defenders of humanity.
One of these warriors, Michael Carpenter, is introduced in the third novel in the Dresden Files. He and the other Knights make appearances throughout the novels from that point on, and each time the swords are used, evil takes notice. We’ve actually met, and lost, several Knights of the Order, and while the precise supernatural effect that the swords and the users possess is often kept vague, it is unmistakably real.
Ironically, Harry had not one but two of the swords in his possession as of his death in Changes. Since that time, the swords are presumably being kept by Karrin Murphy, who may yet end up taking Amoracchius up. The truly impressive part about these swords is that the world of The Dresden Files is actually full of sword users and enchanted swords. But it is only the three Knights of the Cross who are defined by them.
6) The Ebony Blade (Dane Whitman, the Black Knight The Avengers)
In a world of superheroes and supervillains, having a sword that can cut through anything is awfully handy. If that sword is also capable of disrupting magic, deflecting energy beams and absorbing energy, it seems like it would be the perfect weapon to use in a career as a superhero.
And it would, if it weren’t for that darn Blood Curse…
The sword of Sir Percy, one of Arthur’s Knights, the Ebony Blade is made from a meteor and was enchanted by Merlin. Passed from generation to generation, it ended up in the hands of Dane Whitman, who used the sword to become the Black Knight. Although the sword carries a curse – namely that each time it is used to draw blood, it drives its’ user towards madness – Whitman became a member of the Avengers, and a highly respected (although often overlooked) hero.
Whitman has used and discarded the blade several times. After all, a curse that makes you a murderous madman is a real liability for a superhero. But despite trading it out for other magical weapons, photonic swords, and even other magic swords, the Ebony Blade seems to manage to keep winding up in Dane’s hands. And that is precisely where it belongs.
5) The Sword of Gryffindor (Harry Potter, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and others by J.K. Rowling)
One would think that with all the magic floating around Harry Potter’s England that one wouldn’t need to include a sword in the list of potent magical artifacts. And, indeed, the three Deathly Hallows which fill the role of plot device/McGuffin in the final book (and film) of the series are a wand, a cloak and a stone. But that doesn’t change the fact that a magical sword is key to the series, beginning with the very first novel and film, and remaining important through the final chapter of the saga.
That sword belonged to Godric Gryffindor, and is described as being Goblin Forged, indestructible, and capable of absorbing anything which would make it stronger, up to and including basilisk venom.
Of special note, this sword is one of the key objects belonging to the four founders of Hogwarts – and is the only one of the four not to be transformed into a Horcrux by Lord Voldemort. Instead, the sword plays a role in destroying several of the Horcruxes, shattering two and decapitating the third.
It just goes to show you that, even in a world where everyone in the party is playing a mage, they still want to be the guy who uses the magic sword.
4) Stormbringer (Elric, The Dreaming City and others by Michael Moorcock)
I have to make a dirty confession here. For all of the other blades listed on this page I have firsthand exposure to the source material. I’ve watched the shows and movies, and I’ve read the books. I have never actually read a novel by Michael Moorcock, and I know very little about Elric of Melnibone.
So, why does his sword Stormbringer still make it on to my list, and why does it rank all the way up to number four?
Because despite my limited knowledge of the character, I still know about this sword. As a teenager who was in to fantasy, comic books and role-playing games, it was impossible to remain completely ignorant of Elric – and more importantly, Stormbringer. Part of that was due to the striking appearance of the albino swordsman and sorcerer, which makes him possibly one of the most recognizable figures in fantasy artwork. Part of it is due to the fact that Elric and his blade made it in to the first edition of the AD&D Deities and Demigods, and then transferred into Chaosium’s Stormbringer roleplaying game. And part of it is because the abilities of the sword are legendary.
Most of the blades featured in this article are indestructible by anything other than a plot device. They’re all capable of cutting through just about anything other than another plot device. And several of them provide additional abilities beyond that, such as fighting prowess, healing abilities, enhanced strength and the like. But Stormbringer stands alone in having a truly terrifying source.
The enchanted sword must be fed souls – namely the souls of those it slays. And if the sword’s master is reluctant to feed it, then it has several tools it can use to force that user to feed it, up to and including taking the sword owner’s own soul. The sword is actually a demon, and it can communicate with its master, and create a bloodlust in that person. And all it takes to be able to drink the soul from someone is the slightest scratch with the blade.
This is absolutely a case of the curse outweighing the power of the sword, but to a depressed teenager who was obsessed with fantasy, this was an awesome idea. I never got around to reading the novels, but as I write this article, I find myself considering finding them at the library.
3) The Sword of Omens (Lion-O, ThunderCats)
Say it with me…
Thunder… Thunder… Thunder… ThunderCats… Ho!
Ok, got that out of my system. Who among us doesn’t know and love the Sword of Omens? As the symbol of the Lord of the ThunderCats, the Sword of Omens has several cool properties. First, at least in the classic version of the cartoon, the sword’s blade had the ability to grown and shrink. This enabled it to become a full-size sword, but also let it be carried around in the claw-shield that Lion-O wore on his left hand. A minor issue, to be sure, but as someone who has walked around Renaissance Faires with a sword banging against his leg all day, this is a not insignificant consideration.
Secondly, the sword is possessed of the “standard suite” of abilities – nigh unbreakable, can cut through almost anything, etc.
Third, the sword holds within it the Eye of Thunderra. This is the source of the sword’s truly awesome powers. Thanks to the Eye, the Sword is capable of projecting energy blasts (handy in a cartoon where it really isn’t acceptable to cut people with the three-foot long blade), and serves as a beacon for all of the other ThunderCats. When activated by the stock-footage catchphrase, the Sword projects the ThunderCats emblem into the sky, and makes all of the other ThunderCats know that their Lord requires them.
Finally, and perhaps coolest of all, the Eye of Thundera had extrasensory abilities that gave Lion-O “sight beyond sight.” Used mostly to locate missing ThunderCats or their allies, the clairvoyant abilities of the sword were always just enough to help an adventure, or to start one, but never enough to actually solve a plot. Which is exactly the way it should have been used.
2) The Swords of Power and Protection (He-Man and She-Ra, He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, She-Ra, Princess of Power)
He-Man’s Power Sword has a delightfully inconsistent backstory. In the early illustrated stories that accompanied the action figures, He-Man and Skeletor each had one-half of the Power Sword. Only when combined could the swords open up Castle Greyskull – which of course gave Skeletor ample reason to try to take He-Man’s sword. By the time the cartoon was released, the split sword was abandoned, and has remained absent in all subsequent versions of the story.
He-Man’s sword is able to cut through most anything, and can deflect energy bolts. It is also said to be indestructible. But, of course, the most potent power of the sword is how it can transform Prince Adam into the Most Powerful Man in the Universe. While the length of time the transformation takes (and the volume of the transformation) is often ignored, the one consistent element in most versions of the story is that the sword is absolutely integral for the transformation – although unlike Thor’s hammer, He-Man does not revert to Prince Adam if he loses the sword. While the sword is clearly tied to the magic of Castle Greyskull, the idea that it is the key to the castle is gone – although He-Man’s job of keeping Skeletor out of the castle remains.
After the first season of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, He-Man was revealed to have a sister, Adora. Adora possesses the Sword of Protection, which has abilities similar to He-Man’s Power Sword. By holding the sword aloft and saying “For the Honor of Greyskull, I am She-Ra” Adora undergoes a similar transformation to the one Adam experiences, and becomes She-Ra, the Princess of Power. But unlike He-Man’s sword which is largely restricted to acting like a sword and a McGuffin, She-Ra’s sword does all sorts of cool transformation tricks, becoming a rope, a pole, a shield or whatever else the animators require. The stone in the center of She-Ra’s sword has also been known to project beams of energy.
1) Excalibur (Arthur, King of the Britons)
There were other enchanted swords before the myth of King Arthur, but there are none that have resonated as strongly as the tale of Arthur and his two enchanted swords.
Yes, two. People tend to forget that Excalibur was not the sword that Arthur drew from the stone in order to become the King of the Britons. That sword was named Clarent, and in Mallory’s stories was destroyed in battle, prompting Merlin to take Arthur to the Lady of the Lake. The Lady of the Lake is the one who bequeaths Excalibur on Arthur.
In the traditional myths, Excalibur’s powers are limited compared to the other swords on this page. It is never described as being particularly unbreakable on able to cut through anything (although it is a fierce weapon, especially in the hands of the King). It doesn’t fly through the air, shoot blasts of magical energy or transform into other shapes, although in some stories it is described as being able to blind people.
Of course, this also doesn’t change the fact that as Excalibur has shown up in comics, films and television ever since the original tales, the powers attributed to the blade have grown… and grown… and grown. In fact, I’m fairly sure there is at least one tale of Arthur growing to giant size and wielding Excalibur to fight kaiju (and if there wasn’t before, I’m sure there will be one now.)
(Now, the scabbard is consistently described as having protective powers that keep the wielder from shedding blood, a downright potent ability.)
But Excalibur’s significance is more as a symbol of Arthur’s right to rule. After all, when a magical lady presents a legendary weapon to you, that shows that you’re pretty darn important – Monty Python jokes about watery tarts aside. And the stories of Excalibur have resonated through myth and fantasy ever since. I doubt there is a creator in the Western World who designs a sword for their main character who doesn’t compare it to Excalibur in his head. I know that whenever a new sword of power is introduced in fantasy, I certainly compare it to Excalibur. And I think that’s the way it should be.
This only scratches the surface of the cool swords in the worlds of geekdom. Which ones are your favorites? Which ones should I have included? Sound off in the comments!


Archery Athlete - Inducted 1966
Herb Albert entered his first archery competition in 1914. He achieved the winning distance with a homemade bow and arrow. He was considered the best long distance shooter for his era. His top distance of 702 yards was not recognized in Canada because it was a high altitude distance achieved in California. His official recognized distance is 613 yards on a 50 lb. light bow. He also held the British Empire flight records. From 1942 to 1957, Herb Albert kept archery and bow hunting going in Alberta.


Welcome to the Gun sHow
This marker isn't as well known as it should be. This is the prototype BPS Reflex cocker, the very first one. Unlike most inventions in paintball, the reflex system did not come into being through a paintball player. Instead, a friend of a player who was a Mechanical Engineer came up with the design to turn a cocker into a fully automatic shooter. This was that first design. You'll notice a few odd things about it. It has a huge, bulky 3 way attached to the slotted rod. It also weighs a metric ton. The next thing that should stick out is the ram behind the hammer. It lacks a trigger return spring. Beyond that, it lacks a slide check valve allowing it to switch between semi and full auto. In other words, this cocker is R/T only.
This one is one of my first twister R/T cockers, and the one I have used as a test bed over the past 5 years. Almost nothing with this cocker is off the shelf. It has an Annihilation kit with prototype parts, prototype valve, prototype bolt, twister milled grips, twister milled barrel, ego feedneck mod, twister lite body with knockout milling, twister powerhouse reg ano'ed to match, and a dyed to match CTRL loader. This marker has seen and continues to see the field a ton, and was one of the markers I shot when we won the MVT at Fulda. This thing sounds angry when you shoot it, and absolutely flies.
This is the sister gun to the grey and purple marker, and the literal transition to the next pair, the F-Series. This sports an original reflex kit that's been milled out to lighten it, and was not built until I did so a few years ago. The body was a twister lite, which was also knockout milled and ego feedneck mod. The barrel is a freaked jacko infinity, and the ano was done by Caustic Customs. The body is very special in that it was the test bed for the development of the F-Series cockers,
This is the F-Series Autococker #1, the Thunderstruck F-5. This one has also seen heavy rotation, and was the other marker used when we took MVT at Fulda. It can absolutely throw paint, and packs an original reflex kit that was raw and unused prior to this build. The trigger shoe is lasered with the Boston Paintball logo, and it uses an Annihilation bolt and 3 way set up for the slotted rod. It also has a the stock frame, front block, and pump kit.
With the Thunderstruck being the Alpha of the F-Series, this is the Omega of Boston Paintball cockers, twisters and prior. This is F Series #150, the Capstone Twister. It has a tribute to every single line of cockers ever built by boston paintball in it, as well as their other twisters. The ano is from the first express cocker, featured in the 'King of Buds' ad (Blizzard Anodizing). It uses the F series body kit, which combined the styles of the clamshell, 45, and lv1. It has the LV1/CS1/CS2 feedneck, with the LV1 being that being the gun that brought back the cocker by being the cash cow allowing for the new twisters. It also has the Empire feedneck as shown here to cover the Empire twister line, along with the Empire barrel used with the Vanquish and Axe lines. It uses and updated form of the reflex kit, advancing the form by being the first swing reflex made while playable tribute. The lower tube uses the inception designs kit, as a tribute to the ID markers.
This is the very first prototype Annihilation kit, built on a fully body Inception Designs Twister Excalibur. The marker sports a full Inception Stella Barrel Kit, including the freak bored back. It also has been hardlined, uses a prototype Annihilation bolt, and reshaped black pearl grips. It has been extensively parts swapped for back highlights, has a muffler tip for at-field or at-home tuning. This marker was the proto-of-concept that let me move forward with Annihilation kits.
This is the other prototype Inception Designs Twister with the Annihilation kit. This kit packs the original front block that's much tighter to the barrel, only allowing the Outkast LPR to actually fit on the block. It also is on a modified Ressurection frame, cut to fit autocockers. It has reshaped 45 pearl grips to match the 86* frame, a freaked dye barrel, another custom milled and turned barrel, and was actually a parts build. I built this to make sure that the Annihilation kits could work on mini bodies, and they really, really do. It's the shooter I now use the absolute most. It also has the matching twister Powerhouse reg, and dyed Pink R2.
MagFEd and AT
I do occasionally play magfed, and try not to embarrass myself. When I do play that way, I use my FSC with one of the four tips I have, the Nemesis barrel, and either the comically large scope (for Han-like purposes) or a much smaller red dot. This was also my first marker that I played around on a mill with, so it does have some sentimental value. I carry it on a chest rig when playing. It is fun to sometimes not be carrying 3/4 of a case at once.
HAVOC Under Construction


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M1941 Johnson Bayonets - We have just got in a lot of beautiful new condition Johnson bayonets. These were made for us by a firm which specializes in bayonet manufacturing. They are identical to the old WWII made bayonets. New leather scabbard included. Available only from Sarco. BAY024 Order This Item Online!
Johnson Bayonet Scabbard ONLY - or collectors who have a Johnson bayonet without its scabbard, we have had some extra scabbards made up. New leather scabbard Johnson M1941. BAY043 Order This Item Online!
1853 Enfield .577 Musket Bayonet - New reproduction socket bayonet for the 3-band Enfield musket, as used in the Civil War Brass mounted leather scabbard included BAY029 Order This Item Online!
Exciting new repro Tansen Dagger & Scabbard - Tansen was a warrior leader in India who fought various invaders. This was the blade of choice for Tansen & all his mean were armed with this blade. These knives are fitted with silver parts & genuine buffalo horn hilt. Blade is hand forged and comes with leather covered wood scabbard. View Photo BAY078 Order This Item Online!
M4 Bayonets for M1 Carbine - new late production G.I. marked M4 AKI complete with new military contract M8A1 scabbard BAY150 Order This Item Online!
Bulgarian Military AK47 Bayonets! - First Time Available! Other commercial Bulgarian bayos have been sold, these are military. These are NOT the later SKM or AK74 type. Early original, new condition with scabbard. View Photo BAY007 Order This Item Online!
Enfield # 4 Spike Bayonets - Excellent condition original WWII, fits all # 4 Enfield Rifles:
# 9 Blade Bayonets for # 4 Enfield - available again! Excellent condition in a new late made scabbard BAY021 Order This Item Online!
M5A1 Garand Bayonet - New collectors variant. These are new condition and marked KM5A1. Scabbard included BAY020 Order This Item Online!
M8A1 Bayonet Scabbards - Fabulous deal and finally available! M8A1 scabbards to fit the following bayonets: M5 & M5A1 Garand, M3 Trench knife, M4 for M1 Carbine, M6 for M14 rifle, M7 for M16
Japanese Reproduction Bayonets
with scabbard - Now in stock and ready to
ship! This is the late variation. Get in line or these will sell out fast - cheap! BAY132
Order This Item Online!
Will fit the Model 99 & Type 38
Japanese Bayonet Frogs - excellent reproduction for all Japanese bayonets. BAY115 Order This Item Online!
M7 Bayonets - Original U.S./G.I., used on the M16 rifle. These are in very good condition and come with a M8A1 scabbard. View Photo Super low price:
Other commercial Bulgarian bayos have been sold - these are military. These are NOT the late AKM or AK74 type.
U.S. Navy 16" training bayonet B.M.CO excellent condition with VSN MKI scabbard... $250.00 View Photo
Rare Original Owen SMG Bayonet Scabbard - exc cond. few only BAY160 Order This Item Online!
91) French 1874. No scabbard. Good condition ... $60.00 SBAY91 View Photo
86) Iraqi War trophy. Lebanon on blade. No scabbard. Fair + ... $100.00 SBAY86 View Photo
HK/G3 Bayonet Collection View Photo
M1941 Johnson Bayonets View Photo
Various Collectors Bayonets & Scabbards -
2 - Same as # 1 above - finish nearly bright. P marked in same spot as # 1 above... $250.00 View Photo
3 - For M16. Blade is blunt rounded hard rubber over metal tang. Guard and grip styled after M9 Phrobis. Regular working bayonet stud catches gray metal green handle... $250.00 View Photo
4 - For M16. Buck made. M9 Phrobis III Soft rubber, highly detailed with sawback, fuller and wire cutter window. Marked Buck 188 USA/M9 Phrobis III, USA Pat Pend on Ricasso. FKD-23-79-8 under fuller (no locking latches, just slides over bayo stud)... $250.00 View Photo
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Bolt Action: Armies of the United States by Warlord Games
Bolt Action: Armies of the United States Warlord Games ebook
Publisher: Osprey Publishing, Limited
Jul 11, 2012 - The United States Army came to the trenches after 1917 with their own modified bolt-action rifle, the Pedersen device-equipped Enfield 17's and Springfield 03's. Mar 14, 2012 - The United States Magazine Rifle, Caliber .30 Model 1903 is a superbly made, very accurate military rifle that started America's transition from a nation of lever action riflemen to a nation of bolt action riflemen. (I had earlier painted two 81mm mortar teams and two bazooka teams.) I also had a . May 25, 2014 - Mike C Rockford ILL***History of the "Real" M1903 Springfield Rifle: It was officially adopted as a United States military bolt-action rifle on June 19, 1903, and saw service in World War I. Apr 21, 2013 - Mike Painted one of the box sets of US Marines from Warlord Games and I managed to paint two Marine squads plus a couple flamethrower teams from an order I got in from The Assault Group recently. Feb 15, 2014 - Even my longest serving miniature passion, Lord of the Rings has suffered not due to not only my fading interest in the state of the game but failure of the new ranges to inspire in either the visualization or the physical material (failcast). Jun 15, 2011 - .5 MOA with M118LR The M24 Sniper's Weapon System (SWS) represents a return to bolt action sniper rifles by the US Army. This is a review of the Osprey Publishing LTD book Bolt Action World War II Wargames Rules – Armies of Germany by author Warwick Kinrade with series editors Alessio Cavatore and Rick Priestly. Army was the last to adopt the bolt-action rifle as its primary weapon with the introduction of the Krag-Jørgensen rifle before the Spanish-American War in 1898. This is the army I will use in the Bolt Action tournament coming up at the Enfilade!


M4 for DummiesIts cavernous belly is stuffed with explosives. It’s scheduled for destruction later within the afternoon.
Been conversing with the missus about this. She wants to strike it this tumble. I hated going to weddings. Many of the grandmas would poke me and say "You're next". They stopped that when I started off executing it to them at funerals.
The FN P90 is a private defense weapon which was produced in 1990, by FN Herstal. The P90 along with it’s proprietary round the 5.7x28mm, was established in response to Nato’s request for your 9mmx19 Parabellum cartridge alternative.
They are largely previous white guys, and they're largely Republicans, and they loathe to admit they're Show A to the efficacy of gun control.
But it did not, because of lobbying by gun field groups. A current Pew report says most People in america don't Consider gun control legislation will move this yr.
All the major parts are assembled about the receiver using cross- pins, Hence the rifle can be disassembled and reassembled without any applications.
The UZI is actually a recoil-operated, decide on hearth submachine gun, firing from an open bolt. The bolt "sleeves" round the rear Element of the barrel to decrease the general duration from the gun. The UZI (together with the Mini and Micro versions) incorporates a safety/fireplace selector switch on the remaining aspect in the receiver, in conjunction with an automated basic safety to the rear side on the grip.
The MP5 is the most popular sub machine gun on the planet, and has become featured in countless films! It had been developed by the German arms company Heckler & Koch, in 1960.
Much more Sophisticated classes incorporate: Tactical Expertise Progress, which addresses the tactical expertise needed to dominate a gunfight. Emphasis is placed on Intense near-variety combating skills, such as motion off the road of force, shooting on the transfer, and gun retention. Further subjects coated are use of cover, very low gentle shooting and look for strategies.
This version is provided which has a non removable integral silencer, and also the vented barrel, to reduce the bullet muzzle velocity down underneath the velocity of sound. The MP-5SD is intended to fireside typical 9mm ammunition, not the Distinctive subsonic one.
The only external variance is the fact that 9mm versions use straight box Publications, in lieu of the initial curved box magazines.
· 1967 - 1970. The deficiencies identified in past a long time commenced do dissolve. five.56mm ammunition was now loaded using different powders that read more make significantly less residue during the gun motion. The barrel, chamber and bolt with the rifles have been chrome-lined to boost corrosion resistance. Cleaning kits were being procured and issued to troops, in addition to a special coaching plans were formulated and performed ever considering the fact that.
Olson is fifty six, an obstetrical nurse with the regional clinic, and she is concerned about the region for the reason that Us residents "really should be headed to self-sufficiency, and what I see is persons shifting the opposite way."
If you prefer a change of tempo out of your have firearms, or are attempting to choose which gun need to be your initial gun, our rental software provides you with a chance to try the newest types from many brands.


By Vance Ewing
I know that many people gave and received guns for Christmas. But you know that with owning a gun comes great responsibility. The National Rifle Association has four basic rules when it comes to firearms: First, always keep your gun pointed in a safe direction. That means that you are always aware of where your gun is pointed. Second, always keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot. This is a trained behavior and one of the most important safety rules in gun ownership. Most modern guns have internal safeties that keep the gun from firing until the trigger is pulled. Third, always keep your gun unloaded until you are ready to use it. At this moment none of my hunting guns are loaded because I’m not hunting. All my guns and ammo are in a safe where no child or unauthorized person has access to them. (My home defense and personal defense guns are loaded, but that is another story.) And finally, KNOW your target and what is beyond your target. When you’re out shooting at a range or in the woods, or even your own backyard, you are responsible for where that bullet goes. Therefore, be sure that you know what is behind your target and that it is safe to shoot just in case you miss. The gift of a gun is a wonderful thing. However, without training it can quickly become a tragedy. Find a certified NRA Trainer and give a New Year’s resolution gift of training for that firearm. I have a truism for training and it goes like this: training breeds competence and competence breeds confidence; the more you train, the more confident you will become. Hope to see you on the range soon.
Vance Ewing spent 22 years in the US Army and eight years as a NATO Counter-IED and Anti-Terrorism Instructor. Vance currently serves as a NRA Counselor and Trainer. Michael Ryen spent eight years in the US Army Reserves and currently serves as a NRA Trainer and recruiter. They are the owners of The Bow and Barrel Sportsmen Center located at 22940 Harlan Lane, Saint Robert, Missouri. www.bowandbarrelsports.com, 573-451-2129


By Sareth Neak, President and Publisher, Maritime Security Outlook
The 6th Annual Maritime Security East is the most comprehensive maritime security and maritime law enforcement program on the east coast. This year’s program will feature a series of impactful workshops, speakers, exhibition and demonstrations. On April 2nd, the program will host an on-water tour of the Port of Virginia and Naval base/installations and technology and vessel demonstrations.
Over the last week, we were excited to confirm two showcases that will greatly enhance our participant experience by providing them a rare opportunity to experience the Navy M80 and the Coast Guard’s Maritime Security Response Team.
Navy's M80 Stilleto
The Navy M80 Stiletto is a prototype stealth vessel designed to test carbon fiber construction and innovative design for littoral combat. With a fully loaded draft of 2.5 feet and a speed of 50 knots, this vessel is capable of inserting US Navy SEALS and special operations forces swiftly and silently. Stiletto can support interagency maritime interdiction operations by deploying U.S. Coast Guard unmanned aerial vehicles and boarding parties in open ocean.
Currently, the Stiletto is used as a maritime demonstration craft operated by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock, Combatant Craft Division, and based at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Ft Story, Va.
The Stilleto will be on display on April 2nd and will be available for all participants of the program to tour.
Meet the U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Security Response Team (MSRT)
The Maritime Security Response Team (MSRT) is the only unit within the U.S. Coast Guard that has counterterrorism capabilities to conduct action against hostile targets. The MSRT is trained to be the first responder to potential terrorist threats, deny preemptive terrorist actions, execute security actions against armed hostiles and/or non-compliant threats, execute tactical facility entry, participate in port level counterterrorism exercises, and educate other forces on Coast Guard counterterrorism procedures. Although the MSRT's focus is primarily on the safety and security of homeland defense, it is capable of rapidly deploying worldwide in response to incidents.
Join us on April 2nd during the on-water and pier-side demos to meet the team and see their equipment, vessel and learn more about their capabilities and mission.
To learn more about the program please visit http://maritimesecurityeast.com/


F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Specs Speed and Altitude
In this article, you can get comprehensive information about F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Specs Speed and Altitude with price and FAQ’s about the plane.
The F-22 Raptor is a remarkable aircraft that boasts top speeds of 1,500 mph, setting a new standard as the first aircraft to reach these speeds without relying on an afterburner.
This stealth fighter jet is capable of soaring to heights of 65,000 feet, where it can attain even greater speeds and accelerate more quickly compared to lower altitudes. The F-22 Raptor’s impressive speed and altitude capabilities make it a formidable presence in the sky.
Relevant Post: F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet’s Performance
F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Specs
The F-22 Raptor is a single-seat, twin-engine, stealth fifth-generation fighter aircraft developed by Lockheed Martin and Boeing. Here are some of its specifications:
- Aircraft Type: Air Superiority Fighter
- Power Plant: Two Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofan engines
- Thrust: 35,000 pounds each engine
- Wingspan: 44 feet 6 inches (13.56 meters)
- Length: 62 feet 1 inch (18.90 meters)
- Height: 16 feet 8 inches (5.08 meters)
- Maximum Takeoff Weight: 83,500 pounds (37,890 kilograms)
- Maximum Speed: Mach 2.25 (1,500 mph, 2,410 km/h) at high altitude
- Range: More than 1,840 miles (2,400 km) with internal fuel
- Armament: One M61A2 20mm cannon and a variety of air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles, including AIM-120 AMRAAMs and AIM-9 Sidewinders.
The F-22 is designed for both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions, and its advanced stealth capabilities make it difficult for enemy aircraft to detect on radar. Additionally, it has advanced avionics and sensors, which allow the pilot to detect, track, and engage multiple threats simultaneously.
F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Speed and Altitude
The F-22 Raptor is a high-performance fighter jet that is capable of reaching speeds up to Mach 2.25, which is approximately 1,500 mph. This makes the F-22 one of the fastest operational fighter aircraft in the world.
The F-22 is also capable of flying at high altitudes, up to 65,000 feet, which gives it a distinct advantage over many other aircraft.
At high altitude, the F-22 can reach higher speeds and accelerate faster than it can at sea level, making it an extremely agile and versatile aircraft. The F-22’s advanced stealth capabilities, combined with its speed and altitude capabilities make it a formidable weapon for air-to-air and air-to-ground missions.
F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Price
The F-22 Raptor is one of the most advanced and expensive fighter jets in the world. The cost of the F-22 has been estimated to be between $150 million and $339 million per aircraft, depending on the production year and configuration.
The high cost of the F-22 is due to its advanced technology and capabilities, including stealth, advanced avionics, and cutting-edge weapons systems. Additionally, the limited production run of the F-22, with only 187 aircraft produced, has also contributed to the high cost.
Despite its high cost, the F-22 has been highly sought after by many countries for its unmatched capabilities and has been used in various military operations around the world.
Frequently Asked Question about F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet
What aspect ratio is F-22?
F22 displays are available in a range of resolutions as well as aspect ratios: 16:10 for new computer style displays 4:3 for dome and curved displays, and 16:9 for video displays.
Is the F-22 better than the F-35?
Currently, the F-35 is probably the most advanced multirole fighter in the world, as well as the most powerful air superiority fighter in the world, the F-22 Raptor.
Is the F-22 the best fighter in the world?
With its highly maneuverable supersonic platform, the F-22 Raptor is the world’s most capable air superiority fighter jet.
What Mach is the F-22 top speed?
With a top speed of Mach 2,25 (1,500 mph) and no need for afterburners, the F22 Raptor can perform air superiority and ground attack missions.
Which plane can defeat F-22?
It is currently one of the few rival fifth-generation fighters around, and its creators believe it not only rivals the F-22, but even performs better in air-to-air and air-to-surface combat.
How high can an F-22 Raptor fly?
With super cruise, which propels the jet to speeds greater than Mach 1.5 without burning any fuel, it can soar 10 miles high and fly at supersonic speeds for extended periods of time.
F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet Aircraft Overview
The F-22 Raptor is a stealth fighter aircraft developed for the United States Air Force by Lockheed Martin and Boeing. Originally designed as an air superiority fighter, the F-22 has a wide range of capabilities including ground attack, electronic warfare, and signals intelligence.
The F-22 made its first flight in 1997 and was officially introduced into service in 2005. The original plans to purchase 750 F-22s were cut back to 187 due to high costs and a lack of air-to-air missions, among other factors.
Despite its initial operational difficulties, the F-22 has become a crucial part of the USAF’s tactical airpower and is known for its stealth, aerodynamic performance, and mission systems. The F-22 is expected to be in service until the 2030s and will eventually be replaced by the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter component.
Why F-22 Raptor Fighter Jet is Importance for US Airforce?
The F-22 Raptor is considered an important asset for the United States Air Force for several reasons.
Firstly, the F-22 has unmatched air superiority capabilities, making it the premier air-to-air fighter aircraft in the world. Its stealth technology, advanced avionics, and highly maneuverable design allow it to evade detection and engage in air-to-air combat with great effectiveness.
Secondly, the F-22 is also capable of carrying out ground attack missions, making it a versatile and valuable asset for the USAF.
Additionally, the F-22’s ability to gather and process intelligence from the air, along with its electronic warfare capabilities, provides the USAF with a significant tactical advantage in many missions.
The F-22 is also designed to be highly survivable, making it a critical component in ensuring the safety of USAF pilots and aircraft. The F-22’s combination of speed, agility, stealth, and advanced weapons systems make it an indispensable asset for the USAF’s air combat operations. It is expected to serve the USAF well into the 2030s and will be a key factor in maintaining US air dominance for many years to come. Wikipedia


Forensic Ballistics: Who Did The Shooting?
A real treat for fans of early forensics. An actual piece written by one of the early giants in the field of Forensic Ballistics.
By Calvin H. Goddard (1927)
In a county in Western New York a man was found guilty of a double murder on the opinion of a firearms "expert" that the bullets remove from the bodies had issued from the defendant's revolver. The case aroused the interest of Charles E. Waite, a lifelong criminal investigator, then attached to the office of the State Attorney General. He proved the bullets could not possibly have come from the weapon in question, established the innocence of the convicted man and secured his pardon, and brought about the arrest of the actual murderers.
From that time, twelve years ago, Waite devoted his life to establishing a system of bullet and firearm identification which would require no "opinion' of experts to substantiate it. It was to deal with facts, and facts alone. In ten years he visited every pistol and revolver factory in America, and many in Europe, gathering a mass of data about weapons and their manufacture. Later he and I joined forces, adding as associates Philip O. Gravelle, a master of photography and John H. Fisher, an expert in micrometrics. Since the death of Mr. Waite last year, I have continued the work.
Today the result of our efforts is a new science of identifying weapons - a science as exact and conclusive as that of tracing criminals by their fingerprints founded on the revelations of the microscope and precision measurements within the ten thousandth of an inch.
This science bears the rather high sounding name of "forensic ballistics. Actually, though, it is simplicity itself. Like the fingerprint system, it is based on the fact that no two things ever are exactly alike. A bullet fired through a pistol, revolver or rifle invariably bears certain distinctive marks or scratches - the "fingerprint" of that particular weapon's barrel. Even bullets fired from two weapons of exactly the same make and type and made by the same machine and tools, bear characteristic imprints which even untrained eyes can distinguish under the microscope.
Moreover, the shell from which a bullet is fired also bears individual marks made by the firing pin and breech block of the weapon. We have developed scientific methods of employing these marks to trace a bullet or shell to the weapon from which it came; and of proving whether a certain bullet could possibly have been fired from a given weapon.
Perhaps I can best give an idea of the methods by describing briefly my recent tests of the bullets, shells and pistol in evidence in the famous Sacco-Vanzetti murder case, in which Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were put to deal for the murder of a factory paymaster and his guard at South Braintree, Mass., in 1920.
While the appeal from the sentence was under consideration by Governor Fuller last summer, I offered to make the tests. The pistol in question was a .32 caliber Colt automatic; Sacco had admitted its possession. While the prosecution and its experts had contended that at least one of six bullets from the bodies of the murdered men had issued from that weapon, the defense with equal vigor had denied this contention.
My sole purpose, in the interest of justice, was to establish the truth of the matter by the unbiased evidence of science. The offer was made first to the defense, which declined it; then to the prosecution, which accepted. Entirely irrespective of the guilt or innocence of the defendants, or whether they received fair trial, the test established beyond contradiction these two long-disputed points:
First, that the so-called fatal bullet, No. 3, one of four from the body of Berardelli, the paymaster's guard, was fired through the Colt automatic subsequently found in the possession of Sacco and could have been fired through none other.
Second, one of the six shells picked up at the scene of the murder and known as "Fraher shell No. 3." was fired in Sacco's pistol, and could have been fired in none other.
Those facts were revealed by the microscope so clearly that any layman might see them for himself, and so convincingly that an expert for the defense, in my presence, agreed in astonishment that they were beyond dispute.
In the Court House at Dedham Mass., I conducted the tests in the presence of a professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who was an expert representing the defense; the Assistant District Attorney in charge of the case, a member of defense counsel, the Clerk of the Court, a stenographer and four newspaper men.
First I explained why every weapon leaves its own distinctive imprint on the projectiles it fires. In making a pistol or rifle barrel, the first step is to bore a hole through a cylindrical steel bar. Then a reamer smooths the rough inner surface. Next comes "rifling" - cutting a series of extremely shallow grooves, running spirally through the length of the barrel, to impart a spin to the bullet as it passes through. The surfaces between the grooves are known as the "lands." The grooves vary in different makes of weapons. In some there are five, for example; in others, six. In some they are arranged to give a right-hand twist; in others, left-hand.
In The barrel of the Sacco pistol, there are six grooves, with left-hand twist. Each spiral makes one turn in sixteen inches. The depth of the grooves is .0035 of an inch; their width, .108 of an inch; the width of each land is .051 of an inch.
Now, the marks by which any bullet may be identified are due largely to the tool called the rifling cutter, which cuts the grooves. To the unaided eye the sharp edge of this tool appears perfectly even; but actually, as in the case of a razor, the edge consists of a row of minute saw teeth, visible only under the microscope. These teeth leave microscopic scratches and ridges on the inner surface of the barrel. And when a bullet is fired through, these irregularities are impressed upon it in the form of very fine lines running parallel to the deeper lines cut by the groove edges.
Since no two rifling cutters can have little saw teeth exactly alike, no two pistol barrels can have exactly the same markings. Moreover, the edge of a cutter changes with every cut; hence, even if two barrels are rifled on the same machine and with the same tool, the markings they leave on bullets will differ.
A similar thing happens in the case of the breechblock and firing pin of a pistol. In filing down the breechblock the file invariably leaves distinction scratches, which are never the same on any two arms. Later, when a bullet fired, and the shell is hurled back against the breech with a force of some 10,000 pounds pressure to the square inch, the breech acts as a steel die, impressing its file pattern indelibly on the copper primer or cap of the shell. Thus the breech of every gun leaves its own distinct pattern.
Moreover, no two firing pins are ever the same in contour, even if made on the same machine. Consequently the dent made by the firing pin of a certain gun on the primer of a shell is an identity mark for that gun and no other. In short, every weapon in the world leaves its individual telltale fingerprints on every bullet and shell it fires.
In the Sacco-Vanzetti case there were four bullets from the body of Berardelli, the guard, and two from that of Parmenter, the paymaster. In the tests at Dedham the Berardelli bullets were the only ones in question. In addition there were six shells picked up at the scene of the murders. And, for comparison, a number of test bullets and shells subsequently fired from the Sacco pistol by representatives of both prosecution and defense. By comparing the murder bullets, one by one, with the test bullets, my object was to establish whether any of the former came from Sacco's weapon, and if so, which one or ones.
For this I used an instrument called a comparison microscope, invented by Philip O. Gravelle. This is really two microscopes in one, fitted with prisms so arranged that when two objects are placed beneath, the left half of one and the right half of the other are center in the single eyepiece. This has the effect of fusing the opposite sides of the two objects into a single image. The extent to which the two halves match is a measure of the similarity of the objects.
First I examined the shells. Under the microscope I placed one of the murder shells and one of the test shells, with the caps facing upward. Examination quickly showed that they could not have come from the same weapon, for the imprint of the firing pin was entirely different in the two halves. The substitution of a different test shell brought the same result.
Next I tried a second murder shell. This likewise was decidedly different from the test shell, both in the imprint of the firing pin and in the absence of certain ridges which appeared across the cap of the test shell. It was impossible to match the two halves.
But the third murder shell matched perfectly with the one known to have been fired from Sacco's automatic. There was no question that the two came out of the same gun. The firing pin imprints were of exactly the same diameter, and the markings imprinted by the breechblock were identical. Holding one of the shells stationary, I carefully turned the other until both were in the same phase, - that is, until the features of the opposite halves matched at the center line. The imprints - scratches and ridges - matched all the way across the face of the shell.
The identity of these "fingerprints" is revealed in the microscopic photographs of the two shells. At the right is the murder shell in evidence; at the left is the test shell fired in the Sacco pistol. If you look closely you will see the similarity of little V-shaped scratches on both primers. Then if you compare the other scratches and ridges you will see that in every case they are of the same dimensions and in the same relative positions.
The identity is equally clear in the imprints of the firing pin at the center, even though the test shell at the right bears the additional imprint of the trade mark "W'.' Observe especially the deep setback or indentation at the left of the firing pin imprint in each case. You will see, of course, that neither the firing pin marks nor the imprints of the breechblock as a Whole are in exactly the same relative position on the two shell caps. In any firearm there is a certain amount of play, and the shells do not always come back against the breech in exactly the same position; nor does the firing pin always strike the exact center of the primer. The positions of the individual markings in relation to the imprint as a whole are, however, identical.
Under the microscope I compared this murder shell with other test shells fired from the Sacco pistol. Although the latter were somewhat fouled and dirty, the identity was again evident; so evident in fact, that the defense expert, looking through the microscope exclaimed: "Well, what do you know about that!"
Finally I tested a fourth murder shell in the same manner. There was no similarity. Then I applied the tests to the four bullets from the body of Berardelli, comparing each with test bullets fired from the Sacco pistol into a box of sawdust. In each case the bullets were placed horizontally under the comparison microscope in little holders which enable them to be rotated.
The first one I examined, known in the evidence as fatal bullet No.3, was considerably fouled and corroded, but the microscope revealed beyond question that it had come from Sacco's weapon. First, the marks of the rifling grooves were of the same width and the same angle as those of the test bullets. In addition there appeared tiny scratches which were identical. In particular, the microscope revealed one very prominent gouge which matched perfectly. Rotating the bullets, I compared them groove by groove. I invited the defend expert to look into the microscope.
"That," he said, referring to fatal bullet No.3, "could not have come from any other gun."
None of the other body bullets matched. For example, one of them, bullet No.2, obviously, came through a right-hand twist pistol, where as Sacco's was left-band twist.
Returning again to fatal bullet No.3, at the defense expert's request I compared it with other test bullets, one by one. The marks of identity - tiny scratches and grooves - matched in every case.
Further evidence in corroboration was the fact that fatal bullet No.3 was of an obsolete type, manufactured with grooving near the bas known as the "cannelure" - a remnant of the old days of lead bullets. Three bullets of this type were found on Sacco's person.
No doubt many persons, including some officials, are skeptical of this sort of comparison evidence. "Guns leave their fingerprints Nonsense!" you may hear them say. Yet only twenty-five years ago everybody ridiculed Joseph A. Faurot, former deputy police commissioner of New York, for trying to secure recognition of human fingerprinting as a mean of identification. Faurot lived to see the fingerprint system adopted throughout the world, and also to say of the new method of identifying bullets and firearms:
"It is a science, in my opinion, as infallible, as practicable, as revolutionary, and as valuable in criminology as fingerprinting itself."
Today in our laboratories in New York City we have records of the shop standards entering into the manufacture of virtually every modern revolver and automatic pistol of both American and foreign makes, a collection of many hundreds of bullets of all calibers and types, fired through arms of nearly every make; and about five hundred revolvers and pistols from all parts of the globe. Given any bullet, we are ordinarily able to determine within a short time exactly what kind of weapon fired it; and if that weapon is eventually traced and found, we can identify it with scientific exactness.
With a remarkable instrument called a helixometer, designed by Mr. Fisher, we can examine the entire interior of the barrel of a weapon. It reveals every flaw, fouling deposit or rust spot that might be reproduced on a bullet fired through it. Moreover, by studying the deposits within the barrel we can determine the approximate time when the weapon was last fired, the kind of powder in the cartridge (black or smokeless), and sometimes the type of bullet.
Still another valuable instrument is a micrometer microscope with which we can measure the width of a riding groove to the ten thousandth of an inch. With the same accuracy we can measure the depth of the groove, its angle, and the pitch of the spiral.
We have collected specimens of the different kinds of powder grains used by virtually every manufacturer of projectiles. When a pistol is fired, usually some powder grains are discharged unburned. At close range some of these grains may lodge in the flesh of a victim. By examination and comparison with the specimen grains, we can determine the manufactures of the powder charge in the fatal cartridge.
By such methods we are supplanting "expert opinion" with facts. Our goal is that innocent men shall not be sent to their deaths, not guilty men acquitted, by testimony unsubstantiated by the facts of exact science.
Who is Calvin Goddard?
Calvin Goddard examining a revolver barrel with the crime laboratory's helixometer. Al Capone Museum
Colonel Calvin Hooker Goddard (1891 – 1955) was a forensic scientist, army officer,academic, researcher and a pioneer in forensic ballistics. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. After graduating from the Boys' Latin School of Maryland in 1907, Goddard graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911 from the Johns Hopkins University and then earned a medical degree and graduated in 1915.]Career
He joined the United States Army and became a Colonel. He was also a professor of police science at Northwestern University and the Military Editor of the Encyclopedia Britannica. He was also the editor of the American Journal of Police Science, America’s first scientific police journal. Colonel Goddard commanded the US Army Crime Laboratory in Japan for a number of years after World War II. Calvin Goddard brought professionalism, the use of the scientific method, and reliability to Forensic Firearm Identification, at a time when charlatanism was rampant in this field. His testimony in 1923 in the Frye case and others, paved the way for judicial acceptance of Firearms Identification. According to Goddard's grandson, he may have been the only army officer who served in four branches: Ordnance Corps, Military Police Corps,Medical Corps and became a Military Historian.
In 1925 Goddard wrote an article for the Army Ordnance titled "Forensic Ballistics" in which he described the use of the comparison microscope regarding firearms investigations. He is generally credited with the conception of the term "forensic ballistics", though he later admitted it to be an inadequate name for the science. In April 1925, Major  Goddard established the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics in New York City with C. E. Waite, Philip O. Gravelle and John H. Fisher. The Bureau was formed to provide firearms identification services throughout America. Goddard researched, authored and spoke extensively on the subject of forensic ballistics and firearms identification, becoming the internationally renowned pioneer in forensic ballistics. The Bureau of Forensic Ballistics, United States’ first independent criminological laboratory, which Goddard headed, and where ballistics, fingerprinting, blood analysis and trace evidence were brought under one roof. When the Lab began publishing the American Journal of Police Science, which was edited by Colonel Goddard, Hoover strongly encouraged his Special Agents in Charge to subscribe to it and he supplied articles on fingerprint issues and Bureau responsibilities to the journal. The following year the Bureau contributed three articles for the journal’s series entitled “Organized Protection Against Organized Crime.” Hoover also sent a number of representatives to a symposium that Goddard sponsored on scientific crime detection. He was also an advisor to FBI when they set up a similar Forensic Laboratory.
Goddard with Comparison Microscope
Philip O. Gravelle, developed comparison microscope for the identification of fired bullets and cartridge cases with the support and guidance of Calvin Goddard. It was a giant leap in the science of firearms identification in forensic science. The firearm from which a bullet or cartridge case has been fired is identified by the comparison of the unique striae left on the bullet or cartridge case from the worn, machined metal of the barrel, breach block, extractor, or firing pin in thegun. It was Gravelle who mistrusted his memory. "As long as he could inspect only one bullet at a time with his microscope, and had to keep the picture of it in his memory until he placed the comparison bullet under the microscope, scientific precision could not be attained. He invented the comparison microscope and Goddard made it work." Sir Sydney Smith also appreciated the idea, emphasizing the importance of stereo-microscope in forensic science and firearms identification. He took the comparison microscope to Scotland and introduced it to the European scientists for firearms identification and other forensic uses.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Sacco and Vanzetti
Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti were two Italian-born American anarchists, who were arrested for the murder of security guard Alessandro Berardelli and the robbery of US$15,766.51 from the factory's payroll in South Braintree, Massachusetts during the afternoon of April 15, 1920. During the trial a worldwide outcry arose, with the firm belief based on railroaded justice and racial prejudice. On April 8, 1927, their appeals exhausted, Sacco and Vanzetti were finally sentenced to death in the electric chair. A worldwide outcry arose and Governor Alvin T. Fuller finally agreed to postpone the executions and set up a committee to reconsider the case. By this time, firearms examination had improved considerably, and it was now known that an automatic pistol could be traced by several different methods if both bullet and casing were recovered from the scene.
Automatic pistols could now be traced by unique markings of the rifling on the bullet, by firing pin indentations on the fired primer, or by unique ejector and extractor marks on the casing. The committee appointed to review the case used the services of Calvin Goddard in 1927. Goddard used Philip Gravelle's newly-invented comparison microscope and helixometer, a hollow, lighted magnifier probe used to inspect gun barrels, to make an examination of Sacco’s .32 Colt, the bullet that killed Berardelli, and the spent casings recovered from the scene of the crime. In the presence of one of the defense experts, he fired a bullet from Sacco's gun into a wad of cotton and then put the ejected casing on the comparison microscope next to casings found at the scene. Then he analyzed them carefully. The first two casings from the robbery did not match Sacco’s gun, but the third one did. Even the defense expert agreed that the two cartridges had been fired from the same gun. The second original defense expert also concurred. The committee upheld the convictions. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were found guilty and executed via electrocution in Massachusetts on August 23, 1927.
What is a Comparison Microscope?
A comparison microscope is a device used to observe side-by-side specimens. It consists of two microscopes connected to an optical bridge, which results in a split view window. The comparison microscope is used in forensic sciences to compare microscopic patterns and identify or deny their common origin. Without this device, the identification of tool marks and firearms would be such a cumbersome process that it would be carried out on a very limited basis.
The idea behind the comparison microscope is simple. Two microscopes are placed next to each other and the optical paths of each microscope are connected together by the optical bridge. The optical bridge consists of a series of lenses and a mirror that brings the two images back together at the single eyepiece. The user looks through the eyepiece as with a regular microscope, except that a line in the middle separates the circular view field into two parts. The left side of the view field is the image produced by the left microscope, and the right side of the view field is the image produced by the right microscope. In some more modern or sophisticated comparison microscopes, it is also possible to super-impose the view fields generated by the two microscopes. This is particularly convenient when the forensic scientist compares impressed patterns rather than striated patterns. It is important that the two microscopes are identical. In order for a comparison to be valid, the two images produced in the circular view field needs to be at the same magnification and present the same lens distortion (if any). Comparison microscopes are mostly used in a reflected light setting, but a transmitted light setting is also available in some instances, and fluorescent light settings are found on higher-end models. This allows for comparison of more than just bullets and toolmarks.
Use of a comparison microscope is straightforward. The incriminated impression, typically a bullet or casing found at a crime scene or a toolmark's cast from a crime scene, is placed under the left microscope and thus, appears in the left part of the circular view field. A comparison impression, such as a bullet fired from a revolver found on a suspect, is placed under the right microscope and thus, appears in the right part of the view field. When comparing striations, the forensic scientist moves the comparison object until the striations match the ones present on the incriminated object. If the striations do not present similarities, then the two objects cannot be associated with a common origin. If the striations match, then a common source between the two objects is established. When comparing impression marks, the forensic scientist can use the superimposition option and, again, by moving the comparison object on the right, try to find common characteristics between the two objects.
The comparison microscope is used to compare impression evidence that requires a magnification ranging from 5× to approximately 100×. Items that are commonly observed under the comparison microscope are fired bullets, fired casings, and toolmarks. These items are observed under a reflected light setting. Other evidence, including impressions of serial numbers or characters from a typewriter, can also be compared using the comparison microscope. These are compared using a reflected light setting. This comparison might allow for the link between a stamped serial number and a die or between a sheet of paper bearing characters and the typewriter that was used to write it. The comparison microscope is also used to compare layers of a paint chip. This might allow for the identification of the vehicle from which the paint originated. Finally, when used in a transmitted light setting, hair, fibers, or the extruding striations of plastic bags can be compared. This allows the comparison of fibers found on a seat with the clothing of a suspect, for example. Plastic bag striations might establish links between different plastic bags and to demonstrate that they originate from the same batch. This is particularly useful with the small bags used to sell drugs. When dealing with fibers and plastic bags, the comparison microscope can also be used in an ultraviolet light setting or a polarized light setting.
A modern comparison microscope
The comparison microscope was invented in the 1920s by American Army Colonel Calvin Goddard (1891–1955) who was working for the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics of the City of New York. Goddard also benefited from the help of Colonel Charles Waite, Philip Gravelle, and John Fisher. At that time, the comparison microscope was used to compare fired bullets and casings. In the late 1920s, Swedish criminalist Harry Söderman (1902–1956) drastically improved the comparison microscope by inventing a system for rotating the bullets under the objectives. This allowed for a much faster comparison of lands of grooves of bullets by simultaneous rotation of both the suspect and comparison bullets. Söderman gave the name Hastoscope to his invention.


Graves' shotgun has some unique properties:
Double Barrel: Graves must reload when he runs out of ammo. Attack Speed reduces reload time slightly, but reduces time between attacks dramatically.
12 Gauge: Attacks fire 4 bullets. Units hit take 72% AD physical damage +24% for additional bullets. Critical strikes fire 6 bullets, 130% damage each and increase each bullet's damage by 30%. Structures only take 75% damage.
Buckshot: Bullets cannot pass through enemy units. Non-champions struck by multiple bullets are knock back slightly.
Fires a powder round that deals 45 / 65 / 85 / 105 (+80% AD) physical damage and then detonates after 1 second to deal an additional 80 / 130 / 180 / 230 (+80% / 110% / 140% / 170% AD) physical damage.
Detonates in 0.25 seconds if the round hits terrain, Deals 90% damage against monsters.
Throws a canister that creates a cloud of smoke for 4 seconds. Enemies within the smoke cannot see outside of it.
Enemies caught in the initial impact take 60 / 125 / 190 / 255 (+60% AP) magic damage and are slowed by 50% for 0.5 seconds.
Dashes in a direction, reloading one shell and granting True Grit for 4 seconds. True Grit grants 6 / 10 / 14 / 18 Armor ( stacks 8 times) and refreshes when damaging non-minions.
Dashing towards an enemy champion grants 2 stacks of True Grit. Each bullet hit reduces Quickdraw's cooldown by 0.5 seconds.
Fires an explosive shell that deals 300 / 450 / 600 (+150% AD) physical damage and knocks Graves back from recoil. The shell explodes upon hitting an enemy champion or reaching the end of its range, dealing 200 / 320 / 440 (+120% AD) physical damage in a cone.
Enemies damaged by the shell's initial impact do not take damage from the explosive cone.
Graves is an AD skirmisher-focused jungler. He excels at farming efficiently through the jungle and duelling when he has completed his core items, thanks to his high burst damage and tankiness from his abilities. Graves has a unique Shotgun that only has two bullets, which means he needs to reload after two auto-attacks. So keep that in mind, and don't get caught whilst reloading.
Graves can also be played in the top lane. With his early-game damage and aggression, he can bully out champions in the solo lane and get a lot more gold and experience than playing jungle, meaning you can reach your core items sooner and start to deal a lot of damage early.
Graves auto-attacks are very unique. Graves uses a shotgun that has 2 shots. After 2 shots he has to reload. Attack speed reduces reload time but reduces the time between attacks.
Each auto-attack fires 4 bullets. Critical strikes fire 6 bullets and increase each bullet's damage. When hitting all 6 bullets, Graves can fully stack Black Cleaver passive from just one auto attack.
Bullets cannot pass through enemy units. So even though you might be targeting a champion, if there are minions, a tower or even another champion in the way, the auto-attacks will always hit the closest target to you.
Non-champions struck by multiple bullets are knocked back slightly. This allows Graves to easily kite jungle camps and stay healthy when clearing through the jungle.
Graves fires a powder round that deals physical damage and then detonates after just over a second to deal additional physical damage. If End of the Line hits terrain, it bounces off the terrain and detonates straight away.
It's important to always aim End of the Line and try to hit the closest terrain because the damage from the 2nd part of this ability (when coming back) does more than the 1st part (when firing out).
Graves throws a canister that creates a cloud of smoke for a few seconds. Enemies within the smoke cannot see outside of it, reducing their sight. This can be really powerful against any ranged champions as they cannot auto attack when in the smoke screen.
Enemies caught in the initial impact take magic damage and are slowed for just under a second. So you can also use this ability to help when chasing to briefly slow on impact.
This is Graves' main mobility tool. He dashes in a direction, reloading one shell from his Shotgun (New Destiny) and granting True Grit for a few seconds. True Grit grants Armor (stacking a few times) and refreshes when damaging non-minions. Dashing towards an enemy champion grants 2 stacks of True Grit instead of 1.
Each auto-attack bullet hit reduces Quickdraw's cooldown by just under a second. It's important not to use this ability when you already have 2 bullets in your shotgun, as you won't be able to take advantage of auto-attacking 3 times before reloading.
Graves fires an explosive shell that deals physical damage and knocks him back from recoil. The shell explodes upon hitting an enemy champion or reaching the end of its range, dealing physical damage in a cone.
This ability is very useful when you are trying to snipe escaping enemies due to Collateral Damage having a very long range. When Graves gets knocked back he can get over walls so you can have situations where you kill an enemy champion and escape over the wall.
Since Graves is more of a carry jungler, he does well with items that give him a lot of attack damage. Duskblade of Draktharr is an excellent first item for Graves. When Graves starts a fight his first auto attack will be able to deal a huge amount of burst damage to help you kill enemy carries. Black Cleaver is another superb item that gives Graves some damage stats but also some tank stats that helps him a lot since he has low attack range. The cool part about Black Cleaver is that if Graves critical strikes with his shotgun and hits all six bullets, he can fully stack the Black Cleaver passive, reducing the enemy armour by a lot.
Onto the runes, we have:
With Graves auto attacks and abilities, you can stack Conqueror relatively quickly and get to full stacks, so he gets extra AD and omnivamp, which will help him sustain during fights.
Gathering Storm is the best option from the selection of runes. It helps Graves get more Attack Damage the later the game goes helping him deal more damage.
When enemy champions are low on health, Graves can deal bonus damage. This will help Graves when dashing in trying to kill low-heath enemies. Giant Slayer is another good option when playing against Bruisers and Tanks that build a lot of health.
Alacrity gives Graves Attack Speed, which will help Graves clear jungle camps quicker and stack up to help him attack more often during team fights. Legend: Tenacity is another excellent option when playing against champions that have Crowd Control.
Overgrowth allows Graves to gain permanent health throughout the game when nearby minions or monsters are killed. So the more Graves farms in the jungle, the more Maximum Health he will get. This will help Graves survive a lot of damage.
With Graves, he has a very fast early jungle clear. This means that you can work your way around the jungle really fast and be aggressive when contesting the scuttle crabs in the rivers when they spawn. It is best to start at Red Brambleback as you don't really struggle on mana and the extra damage you get can help clear the jungle faster.
This is what the jungle patch would look like:
Below is a beginner's guide for jungle in Wild Rift. It goes in-depth about every jungle camp. Epic monsters and more!:
In the late game, Graves can be a powerhouse with all the damage and crit strike items he builds. The best thing you can do is group with your team and try to pick off the enemies. Your main objective as a jungler is to keep track of when Dragon's, Rift Herald, and Baron spawn. Taking these epic monsters will give you and your team an advantage in the game. When in a team fight, try your best not to get caught out and keep auto-attacking and using your abilities to deal damage.
Overall if you like the sound of an early aggressive jungler that can make an impact then Graves is the perfect champion for you. He has the potential to burst any champion with his combos and sustain enough to stay alive through an entire teamfight.
Thank you for reading this guide! Feel free to follow me and ask any questions on:
Good luck on the rift summoners!
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The InstantEye Mk-3 GEN4-D1 (ISR) is a long-endurance variant of the Mk-3 GEN4D- aircraft platform. The ISR variant uses proprietary battery chemistry, incorporated in purpose-built cell designs, with demonstrated flight times exceeding 50 minutes and organic ISR capability (thermal and 5MP E/O video) sensors. The system provides either the Tactical Standoff (640 x 480 thermal and 4x E/O) or Close Area Target Reconnaissance (10X E/O) payloads in its ISR configuration. Its folding prop design enables a highly packable 12 x 12 inch footprint, and its high rate charger maintains operational readiness without sacrificing cycle life or safety. Successful operations at the Joint Interagency Field Experimentation (JIFX 19-3), conducted at Camp Roberts, CA in April 2019, 1) demonstrated communications at 7.5 km effective range, 2) automated transit to a 2 km distant location, and 3) the conduct of covert surveillance on that site from a standoff distance of 500 meters with over 30 minutes on station.
The InstantEye Mk-3 GEN5 system is an even more compact soldier borne asset with the same organic thermal and E/O capability as the Mk-3 GEN4D systems. During JIFX 19-3 this system demonstrated an operational range of 4.5 km, stable flight through wind conditions exceeding 20 mph, and a 27 minute flight endurance time with its new battery configuration. The system has demonstrated the ability to reach an altitude exceeding 6,000 ft. AGL.
The heavy-lift variant of the Mk-3 GEN4-D1 (HL) system demonstrated delivery of a 3 lb. explosive charge to a simulated IED, ~100 meters distant, while trailing Shock Tube Initiator (STI). The charge was reproducibly placed within 6 inches of the IED, providing the capability to rapidly and remotely inspect and defeat the device.
About InstantEye Robotics
InstantEye Robotics is a division of Physical Sciences Inc., both located in Andover, MA. InstantEye Robotics is a global leader in tactical unmanned aircraft systems.
For more information, visit www.instanteyerobotics.com.


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The Economic Justification for Cyberweapons
The diagram above from Technolytics, shows how cyberweapons are now possible and much cheaper than building a $2.2 billion stealth bomber, a cruise missile, or a stealth fighter. In addition, the possible throw-weight and the attack velocity of a cyberweapons is far greater than a bomber, missile, or fighter, because a cyberweapon can conceivably attack any "target" that is attached to the Internet. The good news is that these devices have the advantage of the Internet, but the bad news is that they are vulnerable to cyberweapons that could strike on the Internet. (Remember the Army axiom, "Tracer rounds work BOTH ways.")
Technolytics. (2011). Cyber Commander's eHandbook: The Weaponry and Strategies of Digital Conflict. Purchased and downloaded from Amazon.com on April 16, 2011.