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1 edition of Pakistan"s atomic bomb & the search for security found in the catalog.
Pakistan"s atomic bomb & the search for security
|Other titles||Pakistan"s atomic bomb and the search for security|
|Statement||edited by Zia Mian.|
|LC Classifications||U264.5.P18 P34 1995|
|The Physical Object|
|Pagination||xiii, 150 p. :|
|Number of Pages||150|
|LC Control Number||96930298|
The father of the atomic bomb, Robert Oppenheimer, who cultivated his image as a lover of peace, and opposed the creation of the hydrogen bomb, also called for atomic war against the Soviet Union. Why China Helped Countries Like Pakistan, North Korea Build Nuclear Bombs A new book alleges that Beijing intentionally proliferated nuclear technology to risky regimes. By Alex Kingsbury, Staff Author: Alex Kingsbury.
The next sound heard 'round the world may be from Pakistan, an atomic bomb explosion. It could happen at any hour. The Pakistanis have been hurrying preparations ever . South Asian Cultures of the Bomb: Atomic Publics and the State in India and Pakistan. In this Book. Additional Information. between nuclear arms and civil society in the region is seldom taken into account in conventional security studies. These original and provocative essays examine the political and ideological components of national.
The book says, for instance, that China opened its sprawling desert test site to Pakistan, letting its client test a first bomb there on That alone rewrites atomic . The following months and years saw more of the same. Responding to a leaked CIA charge that Pakistan would be able to explode an atomic bomb within a .
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This book provides a comprehensive account of the mysterious story of Pakistan's attempt to develop nuclear weapons in the face of severe odds. Hassan Abbas profiles the politicians and scientists involved, and the role of China and Saudi Arabia in supporting Pakistan's nuclear : Hassan Abbas.
Pakistan's atomic bomb & the search for security. Lahore: Gautam Publishers, (OCoLC) Document Type: Book: All Authors / Contributors: Zia Mian. Pakistan's Atomic Bomb And The Search For Security edited by Zia Mian Gautam Publishers 27 Temple Road, Lahore, Pakistan Printed by Maktaba Jadeed Press, Lahore, Pakistan © by Zia Mian A publication of the Campaign for Nuclear Sanity.
Moved Permanently. The document has moved here. This book provides a comprehensive account of the mysterious story of Pakistan’s attempt to develop nuclear weapons in the face of severe odds.
Hassan Abbas profiles the politicians and scientists involved, and the role of China and Saudi Arabia in supporting Pakistan’s nuclear infrastructure.
The United States and Pakistan's Quest for the Bomb Newly Declassified Documents Disclose Carter Administration's Unsuccessful Efforts to Roll Back Islamabad's Secret Nuclear Program.
Nationalistic Pakistani Officials Insisted That Their Country had an "Unfettered Right to do what It Wishes" National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. Immediately, however, Reagan issued a national security waiver and, in the words of Seymour Hersh, told Pakistan “that it could have its money and its bomb.” Realizing he was now a marked man, Barlow left the CIA and took a position at the Pentagon, beginning work in the Pentagon’s Office of Non-Proliferation Policy on January 1, Website also said that in the number of atomic bombs in Pakistan was round about but they also agreed on a point that it is difficult for the experts also to estimate the actual amount.
Because Pakistan's nuclear program is in strict security. Written by a year professional in the Pakistani Army who played a senior role formulating and advocating Pakistan's security policy on nuclear and conventional arms control, this book tells the compelling story of how and why Pakistan's government, scientists, and military, persevered in the face of a wide array of obstacles to acquire nuclear weapons.
Pakistan’s nuclear program has created a bleak security environment in South Asia. While the world continues to focus primarily on the threat of Iran’s nuclear weapons program, a potentially. Chagai-I was Pakistan's first public test of nuclear weapons. Its timing was a direct response to India's second nuclear tests, on 11 and 13 May These tests by Pakistan and India resulted in United Nations Security Council Resolution and economic sanctions on both states by a number of major powers, particularly the United States and Test site: Ras Koh Hills, Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan.
security cooperation programs, have improved Pakistan’s nuclear security. However, instability in Pakistan has called the extent and durability of these reforms into question. Some observers fear radical takeover of the Pakistani government or diversion of material or technology by personnel within Pakistan’s nuclear Size: KB.
Journalists were shown a grainy video with some pictures away from site in Some Indian atomic headquarters. Goes to show Pakistan's credibility and confidence in. In May ofPakistan tested a series of nuclear explosive devices.
This video shows at least one of the tests in the Chagai mountains of Balochistan in southern Pakistan. Rockslides on the. How China helped Pakistan build the bomb.
China helped Pakistan build a nuclear bomb. But this was not a one-way street. Pakistan, in turn, gave China access to Western technology, according to a new book by Andrew Small.
Karen Yourish and Delano D'Souza. In a dramatic television appearance Feb. 4, Abdul Qadeer Khan, the father of the Pakistani bomb, acknowledged that during the past two decades he had secretly provided North Korea, Libya, and Iran with crucial technological and intellectual building blocks for making nuclear weapons.
INDIA: Actually it started with the need for nuclear power technology - India's nuclear programme started right after our birth in We had a lot of capable scientists on hand and many had or were working in the West at that point in time.
Zia Mian (Urdu: ضياء میاں) is a Pakistani-American physicist, nuclear expert, nuclear policy maker and research scientist at Princeton University. Currently, he is the director of the Project on Peace and Security in South Asia, at the Program on Science and Global is the editor of several books, his books heavily focus on the issues concerning nuclear science, Alma mater: Newcastle University, Newcastle.
'Father' of Pakistan's atom bomb turns 76 Share Tweet Khan rose to the position of a national hero on 28 May, when Pakistan conducted its first nuclear test. Pakistan Air Commodore Tariq Ashraf’s book Evolving Dynamics of a Nuclear South Asia highlights the absence of a civilian and bureaucratic involvement in Pakistan Nuclear Control Authority.
Other neighbouring countries apart from India are concerned about the likelihood of Author: Rashme Sehgal. India knew that Kahuta plant was a plutonium refining plant to develop an atomic bomb. India now confirmed that Pakistan was indeed making nuclear weapons.
Israel straightaway wanted to bomb Author: Vinay Devnath.I don't doubt that Islamic terrorists would love to acquire nuclear weapons and use them against any number of targets or that it would be easier than it ever should be to get many of the materials to build the weapon, but the presentation presented in Allah's Bomb: The Islamic Quest for Nuclear Weapons though greatly informative in parts like where it talks about the South /5(6).
A.Q. Khan always wanted Pakistan to work only on Uranium weapon as compared to Plutonium because (he thought and tried to convince Gen Zia) Plutonium route involved highly complex and sophisticated procedures and processes but PAEC knew ium route and all the related activities to establish infrastructure (for eventual bomb.


- 4 Hour CCW Renewal Course – Good for Fresno County Sheriff’s Department ONLY
- Live-fire qualification to be done at The Firing Line in Clovis, CA
- Course will be broken down into 7 sections
- Student must complete each section, section quizzes, and final exam at the end of the course.
- Student may stop at any time, and come back to course at any time.
- Student will have 30 days to start, finish, and print certificate of completion
- Certificate of completion for this course is good for 30 days
- Certificate of completion must be presented at The Firing Line when coming to complete live-fire qualification.
- Students will not be able to reprint certificate after 30 days has expired.
The live-fire qualification must be done at The Firing Line in Clovis, CA. You must qualify with all of the firearms you want to put on your permit. Fresno county has no limit on how many guns you may list on your CCW permit.
The minimum course of fire is:
12 rounds fired at 3 yards.
12 rounds fired at 7 yards.
12 rounds fired at 10 yards.
You will shoot a minimum of 36 rounds, but if you are listing more than 4 firearms, your course of fire will be amended accordingly. You are required to shoot at least one magazine or cylinder out of each of your firearms that totals at least 36 rounds. THIS IS NOT 36 ROUNDS PER FIREARM, IT IS 36 IN TOTAL. Doing the minimum course of fire, your target should have 36 holes in it when it is scored.
Course of Fire
- Live-fire course can be completed during regular business hours at The Firing Line
- Student will need to shoot all the guns that they wish to keep, or add, onto their renewed CCW permit, one magazine or cylinder minimum
- Live-fire exercise consists of minimum 36 rounds:
- 12 rounds fired at 3 yards
- 12 rounds fired at 7 yards
- 12 rounds fired at 10 yards
- 36 rounds are combined amongst all guns on CCW permit, no limit of number of firearms. If applicant is shooting 5 or more guns, course of fire will be amended over 36 rounds.


Zeppelin Terror Attack - A little known chapter of history on NOVA tonight
In the early days of World War I, Germany, determined to bring its British enemies to their knees, launched a new kind of terror campaign: bombing civilians from the sky. But the lethal payloads weren't delivered by airplanes. They rained down from Zeppelins, enormous airships, some the length of two football fields. With a team of engineers, explosives experts, and historians, NOVA investigates the secrets behind these deadly war machines.
Zeppelin Terror Attack explores the technological arms race that unfolded as Britain desperately scrambled to develop defenses that could neutralize the threat, while Germany responded with ever bigger and more powerful Zeppelins. Why were these German monsters of the sky, filled with highly flammable hydrogen gas, so difficult to shoot down? How were their massive gas bags pieced together from the intestines of millions of cows?
Experts reconstruct and detonate deadly WWI incendiary bombs and test fire antique flaming bullets, all to discover how the British came up with the unique artillery that would finally take down the biggest flying machines ever made. The episode airs at 8:00 on KMOS-TV channel 6.1
NOVA and other PBS series are made possible through the support of viewers like you. You can establish your own KMOS sustaining membership by filling out and sending in the attached enrollment form, or you can stop by the Broadcasting Services Office (Wood 11) and drop off a check.


September 21, 2017. Windsor, Vermont. $149.00
Check it Out
September 27-28, 2017. This skill development workshop focuses on positional shooting, intermediate barriers, moving targets and scenarios that test the snipers observation, reporting, judgment and accuracy in the use of deadly force.
The OTOA is hosting this course October 24 & 25, 2017 at Northern Ohio Tactical Training Center, 49300 Cooper Foster Park Rd. Amherst, Ohio 44001.
June 1 & 2, 2018


The Australia Defence Force is hosting the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force as part of Exercise Talisman Sabre 2023 in a live fire event at Jervis Bay.
The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force will test fire a Type 12 Surface-to-Ship Missile from Beecroft Weapons Range.
The launch will happen from a truck-mounted system into the East Australia Exercise Area off the coast of Jervis Bay.
This will be the missile’s first test in Australia.
An ADF spokesperson said the missile will not be carrying explosive ordnance.
The launch will happen between 8am and midday tomorrow.
The AF said noise disturbances will be minimised where possible and it thanks the community for its patience and cooperation.


October 17, 2013
This knife is as adaptable as the personnel who carry it. Use it to cut through the skin of a fuselage. Or sever a seat belt. Or egress through the Plexiglas of a chopper. Plus, the LMF II does a slick job cutting firewood and building shelter. The over-molded handle successfully limits blistering. There is complete separation between the tang and butt cap, so the knife absorbs the shocks from hammering and prevents the shocks of electricity. Smartly situated grooves and lashing holes l…
Features a 4.84 in. 420HC Stainless blade and a 5.75 in. Coyote brown textured Kraton handle. Comes complete with a molded plastic and nylon sheath. Holes through the blade and handle allow lashing to specific gear. Skull crusher handle end. Soft rubber over-molding on the main sheath to reduce noise. Butt cap is physically separated from the tang by handle substrate for shock absorption amd electrical isolation.
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WASHINGTON – U.S. Representative Mike Bost (IL-12) today issued the following statement after President Trump announced his intentions to remove the United States from the Iran nuclear deal.
“The nuclear agreement with Iran was fundamentally flawed from the beginning,” said Bost. “It trades temporary restrictions on Iran’s nuclear program for permanent sanctions relief in the hope that the biggest financiers of terror in the world would somehow change their ways. The recent revelation of Iran’s secret nuclear weapons archive clearly proves that the regime had a comprehensive program to design, test and build a nuclear weapon. The nuclear deal simply allows the regime to wait out the temporary restrictions before restarting their weapons program.”
# # #


In May 2005, I was working as a Software Engineer for Northrop Grumman TASC. I heard from some colleagues of mine that the Software Engineering Directorate (SED) was starting a new program of Basic Skills Trainers (BSTs) using video game based technology. The program was a spin-off of the America’s Army project run by the Office of Economic and Manpower Analysis (OEMA) out of West Point. I applied for the program and was placed initially as a Software Engineer on the team.
My first task was to create a simulated Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM) as a first-person device in the Unreal Engine 2 within one month. I set out to model and animate the device using Maya. Once I had implemented the animations, I then programmed the FPS classes to allow for interaction with the device. Finally, I created a volume type that could be placed within a level to define the type of chemical agent. The device behaved as in real life, taking time to warm up and a time delay once in the volume to properly detect the level of chemical agent. I completed the prototype on time and the subsequent additional task of implementing a Radiac AN/VDR-2.
After my initial prototype development, the management team elevated me to Project Manager of the then development team of six. We tabled the N.B.C. Dismount work at that time and started on a new new BST for the Common Remote Operated Weapons Station (C.R.O.W.S.), a fearful 50 caliber, remote operated machine gun that sat on the top of an up-armored Humvee. This impressive weapon system was currently deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan in support of the conflict there. Soldiers were able to sit a up to 3 miles away and use the F.L.I.R camera to identify sniper targets and eliminate them through solid boulders. However, the system was so new that very few soldiers were effectively trained and certainly had not received adequate training hours for competent on-the-move target acquisition.
We developed a robust trainer that could connect to the fielded equipment and allow the soldier to use the existing joystick and display while engaging in the virtual world. In conjunction, we worked on another similar project, the Javelin missile trainer. This trainer likewise allowed the user to handle real world equipment as the input device, in this case the targeting system or C.L.U., yet engage targets in the virtual game environment.
Our work on the Javelin was truly revolutionary in that it used the very same image recognition algorithm system for target tracking as in the real missile system.
Our work on the Javelin was truly revolutionary in that it used the very same image recognition algorithm system for target tracking as in the real missile system. To date, nothing like it had been done. The missile used a camera system at the front end of the missile to track the target as it flew through the air, updating multiple times per second. If the tank veered or moved, the missile would continue to track the target to completion if the initial lock sequence was accurate.
After completing the Javelin trainer to Raytheon’s specification and the C.R.O.W.S. to the U.S.Army’s specification, we diverted our attention to back to N.B.C.Dismount and N.B.C.R.V. efforts for the C.B.R.N.Chem School in Aberdeen, M.D. I was sent to Dugway Proving Ground, which happened to be my father’s childhood home and my grandfather’s command post, to observe C.B.R.N. procedures for reproduction in the virtual game environment. This was a real treat as the location was off-limits to anyone not invited to the post for official business. When I entered the location I was greeted by two M1A1 Abrams tanks looking down the barrel at my vehicle. From there it got a bit surreal.
But I digress. The point is that I managed projects across Classified and unclassified realms, all to completion and on time. For this reason, when the failing America’s Army 3 development team needed managerial help, I was assigned to go to California to take over the ailing development and help get it on track.


In a stunning announcement today, North Korean dictator Kim Jong Un seems to cave to international pressure in regards to its nuclear program, just days before a scheduled meeting with American President Donald Trump.
We’ll have to see how good the word of “Rocket Man” really is.
Below is the beginning of a story from Fox News, click the headline link below to read the entire story.
North Korea announces end to missile testing as Trump cites ‘big progress’
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un announced Friday that his country will be suspending missile testing and closing a nuclear test site, several reports said.
“From April 21, North Korea will stop nuclear tests and launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles,” the Korean Central News Agency said, according to Yonhap News. “The North will shut down a nuclear test site in the country’s northern side to prove the vow to suspend nuclear test.”
The announcement comes amid preparations for a meeting later this year between President Trump and the North Korean dictator. During the summit, Trump said he expected to talk with Kim about denuclearizing the hermit kingdom.


Memoirs from someone who worked for the Pentagon 30 years in Operations Research and Intelligence. Robert Schmaltz presents a fascinating account of his experience in the context of the Cold War. He covers the significant events that could trigger World War III, the strategies/doctrine involved, the driving nuclear forces of the Soviet ICBM, bombers and US ICBM, bombers, Air Target Intelligence, the Space Race, and the Systems Analysis Whiz Kids. In addition he discusses his World War II background, the meeting with Soviet Cosmonaut Gherman Titov, his Air Force Reserve tours with the HQ Strategic Air Command Intelligence in the underground Command Center. There are numerous photos that relate to his experience and the background of the organizations involved.


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The Martin B-26 Marauder was a World War II twin-engined medium bomber built by the Glenn L. Martin Company from 1941 to 1945. First used in the Pacific Theater in early 1942, it was also used in the Mediterranean Theater and in Western Europe.
The B-26 changed aerodynamic design and distinguished itself as "the chief bombardment weapon on the Western Front" according to a United States Army Air Forces dispatch from 1946. One of the most iconic warbirds of the World War.
Dynam now launches the B-26; it has accurate representation of the scale outline to meet the usersí preference about B-26 bomber.


By Alex Moore/Photo Credit: Lee Chapman
This post exists for the purposes of outlining the options that the U.S has for dealing with North Korea’s ICBM and nuclear deterrent programs. You’re likely aware that the DPRK detonated its first nuclear device in 2006 and has recently successfully tested an ICBM (as well as already possessing a healthy stockpile of intermediate range missiles capable of decimating regional targets). As such, let’s briefly run through a few options that exist as means to achieve the end of freezing the Kim Dynasty’s nuclear program. Spoiler: no good options exist.
It should first be noted that I think the DPRK’s nuclear threat is wildly overstated and is what U.S policy makers make of it. We call them “nuclear deterrents” for a reason. Nuclear weapons have little use as offensive weapons, particularly when your adversary possesses second-strike capability (the ability to withstand a nuclear strike and respond with your own nuclear launch). The U.S has the most robust second-strike capability in the world, meaning that any preemptive launch by the North would result in the destruction of its regime. This is the premise in which mutually assured destruction rests upon and why I (and many others who work within the foreign policy community) think that nuclear weapons serve as a massively stabilizing force in international politics. I could write for days about the positive role nuclear weapons have played since the end of World War II and the naïve nature of idealistic proposals for nuclear disarmament, but that is for another post.
The most obvious option involves an American-led operation (that would more than likely involve South Korea and Japan) for the purposes of either targeting critical nuclear infrastructure, decapitating Kim and his leadership, or outright invading the North in the hopes of reunifying the peninsula under South Korean leadership. All of these options are awful. Long story short, war breaking out once again on the peninsula would be horrifically destructive. Millions would die, global markets would convulse as the South (the world’s 11th biggest economy) goes under, and the odds of outright war between China and the U.S (the world’s two most powerful countries) would be highly likely and would exponentially worsen the human and economic tolls of a second Korean war. For this reason, some hawkish voices call for surgical strikes against critical infrastructure. This is wildly risky and would almost certainly fail to 1. Destroy all of the North’s nuclear infrastructure and launch conduits and 2. Destroy all of the DPRK’s conventional artillery (and extensive biological weapons arsenal) north of the DMZ that could turn Seoul to dust within hours. A rational assessment of Kim’s deterrent capabilities render any proposals of preemptive kinetic strikes a risk nowhere near worth undertaking. Moreover, anyone thinking that surgical strikes against the North wouldn’t escalate to all out warfare are preposterously optimistic.
The second option is the China card. Although Beijing’s influence over Pyongyang is often vastly overstated, it still represents the Kim regime’s economic lifeline (Chinese banks act as a conduit with which the North accesses the world’s finances, for example). For China, preserving the Kim regime is a vital strategic imperative for a variety of reasons. The North acts as geopolitical buffer zone between China and South Korea (and the massive contingencies of forwardly deployed U.S assets in the South). China’s nightmare scenario is that the North would fall, simultaneously resulting in a humanitarian catastrophe with millions of refugees flowing into China and a unified peninsula allied with the U.S on its doorstep. In my opinion, the policy with the highest chance of success at eliminating the North’s nuclear program would be a great power grand bargain between China and the U.S that would make it in Beijing’s interest to (forcefully if need be) dismantle Kim’s nuclear program and begin to integrate the DPRK into the international system more. This would be exceedingly tricky, however, and would take herculean diplomatic efforts on behalf of Washington, Seoul, Tokyo, and Beijing. This would have to result in a buffer zone Korean peninsula, non-aligned with the U.S or China and without a nuclear program. This is exceedingly risky as it would still result in a messy dissolution of the North as it would be unlikely to simply yield to Beijing. Moreover, this option has the potential to drastically backfire against U.S interests, as a Korean peninsula without U.S forward posture would then be at risk against Chinese aggression (indeed this may even be likely to result in an outright Chinese occupation of the North, creating an even worse geopolitical threat than the DPRK currently poses).
For this reason, I contend that strategic patience is the best worst option. While the DPRK nuclear threat makes for catchy headlines, I do not believe it is a threat warranting preemptive war or a geopolitical grand bargain with a revisionist and aggressive China. You may think the Kim dynasty is irrational, but a closer look at the history of its nuclear program shows that they are anything but. The North first began pursuing a nuke when the Soviet Union fell (and China was still weak) therefore forcing it to fend for itself against the omnipotent alliance of the U.S and South Korea. Diplomacy made progress with the 6-party talks until the Bush administration created the “axis of evil” of Iran, Iraq, and North Korea. One year later, Iraq was invaded and Ba’athist Iraq was destroyed. 8 years later, the North watched as NATO cruise missiles pounded Qaddafi’s Libya, after Qaddafi negotiated away his nuclear program in 2003, and Qaddafi was killed by having a bayonet shoved up his ass (literally). As such, the North’s program should be considered nothing more than a deterrent for the purposes of ensuring the survival of the dynastic regime.


Yes, I am hunter, my friend! Tell me, please, are you beginner, or not? From the very beginning you definitely need good rifle, one or two hunting scopes, ammunition and good hunting costume. You can PM me in order to discuss everything connected with hunting.
Are there some hunters? What modern rifle and scope can you recommend to buy now?
There is no universal rifle scope as such, it all depends upon your hunting style. Someone likes hunting at short distance, and some prefer long distances. As for me, I usually use the long range scope. Actually, what helped me choose it, was one resource which has the best long range rifle scope on a budget review.
Just using a laser sight, hunting becomes much easier. For example, I bought for myself ATN X-SIGHT 4K INT 3-14X on www.atncorp.com/smart-hd-weapon-sight and very pleased with its effectiveness. Now I can hunt both day and night. Most importantly, everything is very clearly visible.


Armored vehicles play a crucial role in the movement and protection of armed forces in warzones. These vehicles are ground-up developed to meet the specific requirements of each country’s military. India, with the second-largest army in the world, surprisingly did not have any in-house built light utility armored vehicle until recently. The Mahindra ALSV (Armoured Light Specialist Vehicle) is set to change that and become a game-changer for the Indian Army.
Mahindra ALSV Specs, Features:
- Engine: Electronically Controlled Turbo Charged six-cylinder diesel engine developed by Steyr
- Horsepower: 216 HP at 3600 RPM
- Torque: 500 NM at 2000 RPM
- Maximum Speed: 60 KMPH
- Seating Capacity: 6-8 people
- Payload Capacity: 1000 KGs
Armoring: CEMV 7 (highest ballistic protection)
- Mine-Resistant Protection: Stanag Level 2
- Explosive Resistance: Can withstand an explosive up to 6KG
- Survivability: Can withstand 155 MM mortar shells shot from a distance of 80 meters
- Front and Back Protection: Stanag Level 1 (upgradeable to higher levels)
Battle Load Capacity: Up to 400kg
- Tyres: Capable of being driven up to 50 KM without air with a tyre inflation system
- Service GPS
- technical control
- and command with mapping
- high and very high ultrasound frequency radios.
The Revelation of Mahindra ALSV
On 22nd March 2021, SP Shukla, the defense, aero, and agro head in the Mahindra Group, revealed on Twitter that Mahindra Defence received an order worth INR 156 Crores from the Indian Army. The order required the delivery of 1300 fully ground-up developed Light Armoured Tactical Vehicles to the Indian army.
Importance of Mahindra ALSV
The Mahindra ALSV marks a significant achievement for India, considering its diverse geographical terrains, including deserts and mountains. Unlike previous armored vehicles used by the Indian Army, the ALSV is a truly capable military vehicle, providing both mine-resistant protection and agility for quick movement.
Comparison with Other Vehicles
In comparison to internationally available vehicles, including Polish Tour 1, French Sherpa Light, South African RG 32 Scout, Czech P1857, Dutch Ivaco LMV, Kia’s LTV, Germany’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, Egypt’s LSV, Swiss Army’s Mowag Eagle, China-based Norinco’s VN21, and the American Humvee (JLTV), the Mahindra ALSV stands out due to its relatively lightweight and powerful engine. Many of these vehicles have a weight over 4.5 tonnes, whereas the ALSV weighs only 2.5 tonnes but generates 216 Horse Power.
Specifications of Mahindra ALSV
The Mahindra ALSV comes equipped with an Electronically Controlled Turbo Charged six-cylinder diesel engine developed by Steyr, producing 215 Horsepower at 3600 RPM and generating a torque of 500 NM at 2000 RPM. It can attain a speed of 60 KMPH from a standstill in just 12 seconds and is capable of carrying 6-8 people along with a payload of 1000 KGs. The ALSV features four-wheel drive, 4-6 automatic speed transmission, Double Wishbone independent suspension in both the front and rear, and differential locks, making it highly off-roading compatible.
Armoring and Protection
The Mahindra ALSV boasts CEMV 7, the highest ballistic protection, making it capable of withstanding high-velocity steel-piercing rounds. It also has NATO 4567 Stanag standards for mine resistance. The ALSV has stanag level 2 protection, capable of withstanding an explosive up to 6KG and surviving 155 MM mortar shells shot from a distance of 80 meters. The vehicle also provides stanag level 1 protection at the front and back, with the possibility of being upgraded further.
Indian Army’s Need for Mahindra ALSV
The Indian Army has long been dependent on imported armored vehicles or joint ventures with foreign companies, leading to limitations and higher costs. The ALSV’s lightweight and powerful design make it suitable for India’s diverse terrains, providing a significant advantage over heavier vehicles used by other countries. With the ALSV, India can reduce its dependency on imports and become a key player in defense exports to other developing countries, thanks to its cost-effective engineering.
For more information, check the Mahindra armored Website.
The Mahindra ALSV is a game-changer for the Indian Army, finally providing India with an in-house built light utility armored vehicle that meets the specific needs of its military. With its powerful engine, mine-resistant protection, and agility for diverse terrains, the ALSV outperforms many internationally available vehicles in its category. India’s defense sector now has the opportunity to go global, offering the ALSV to other nations and strengthening its position in the international arms market.
Q1. Is the Mahindra ALSV suitable for desert and mountain terrains?
Yes, the Mahindra ALSV is designed to excel in both desert and mountain terrains due to its lightweight, powerful engine, and off-roading compatibility.
Q2. What is the order size received by Mahindra Defence for the ALSV?
Mahindra Defence received an order worth INR 156 Crores from the Indian Army, requiring the delivery of 1300 fully ground-up developed Light Armored Tactical Vehicles.
Q3. Can the Mahindra ALSV withstand mine explosions?
Yes, the Mahindra ALSV has stanag level 2 protection, enabling it to withstand explosive up to 6KG and survive 155 MM mortar shells shot from a distance of 80 meters.
Q4. How does the Mahindra ALSV compare to other armored vehicles internationally?
The Mahindra ALSV stands out due to its relatively lightweight and powerful engine compared to other heavier vehicles in the same category.
Q5. What are the export capabilities of India’s Defense Sector with the ALSV?
With the Mahindra ALSV, India’s Defense Sector has the opportunity to go global, offering the vehicle to other nations, especially in developing countries, where cost-effective engineering is highly sought after.


Weapons training is a normal part of a lesson, we start Jujitsu weapons training from white belt onwards. There are 8 weapons to study before grading to Black Belt and you are expected to be able to use all of them to a good standard at that level.
Nearly all are learnt in pairs with the your training partner usually using a sword for defending and attacking. Using weapons of multiple ranges is a great way to study distance and timing, it really does help with your unarmed self defence training as well.
Ju jitsu weapons studied include Sword , Shoto, Tanto, Bo, Jo, Hanbo, Hojojutsu and Kasarifundo
Sword or Katana training is done with wooden sword called Bokken, we pratice basics intermediate and more advanced techniques with both the long sword (Katana) and the short sword (Shoto), we also train knife (Tanto) defence as a regular part of our training routine.
Bo, Jo and Hanbo are or three staff weapons Bo is 6 foot staff, Jo is 4 foot staff and Hanbo is 3 foot staff. All are interesting and have a wide variety of skills and techniques to learn from striking, locking, throwing against all sots of grabs kicks and strikes.
Hojojustsu (tying cord) training includes how to make hancuffs, rope linking and trying an opponent up after arresting them with jujitsu techniques. Kasarifundo is ment to be a 1m length of chain with a steel weaight attached to each end, in class we pratice these techniqes with a 1m lenght of rope for safety purposes.
Bring a friend and if you both join we provide you with your first uniforms valued at $65 each for free


This mini tank can travle in the woods very easily because it has blades to cut through the woods. This mini tank is battling the separatists army on kashyyk. General Grievious is leading the separatists army to destroy republic troops, wich are hiding in the woods. General Grievious orders his droids to set the woods on fire to drive the troops out of the woods. But master yoda jumps down from a tree platform and destroys the droids before they set the woods on fire and he saves the troops.
The golden tri scythe belongs to cole zx. The golden tri scythe can crumble to dust and turn into the same weapon. The double decker shurikin of ice belongs to nrg zane. it is made with one lego stick and two lego shurikins of ice.The fire axe belongs to kendo kai. the fire axe is a very powerful weapon because it has a part of a axe and fire. The double decker axe belongs to zane zx. it has a double blade, one made of bronze and one of silver. The last weapon is called double cut and belongs to Jay zx. This weapon is strange because it is made of two swords and a sharp blade. I made up three of these weapons, can you guess which ones?
This little droid collects boxes from the jedi temple. My friend Noa showed me how to make it. If you want to make one look at the instructions in the photo gallery.


There are four items hunters mark off on their checklist before they head out.
There’s one more item that you should check off your list.
Your scope mount!
Quality scope rings are important for getting your shots on target. Low-grade scope mounts can destroy your scope, and damage the rifle receiver which will cost you big money.
When choosing a scope mount, you want to focus on three things when making your decision. Performance, value, and reliability.
In this article, we’ll take a look at the five best scope mounts available in 2019.
5. LaRue Tactical QD Cantilever Scope Mount LT104
LaRue delivers high-quality Riflescope mounts. This one-piece system is precision-machined out of anodized T6 aircraft-grade aluminum.
Its progressive design features an aluminum body with precision threaded steel inserts. Its unique split-vertical ring design offers a tighter grip from the rings to the scope.
This scope works best with high-powered rifle scopes affixed on AR-15’s with a flat top.
The only downside is the price, which is right around $200. If cost isn’t an issue, the LT104 is the way to go.
4. Aero Precision Ultralight Standard Scope Mount
The Aero Precision Ultralight is one of the lightest one-piece scope mounts weighing in at only 3.25oz.
This scope mount works for AR-15 upper receivers with Mil-Spec 1913 Picatinny rails.
If you’re looking for a light and versatile one-piece scope mount, the Aero Precision Ultralight is a great choice.
3. Burris AR-P.E.P.R. 1-Piece Extended Scope Mount
The Burris Proper Eye Position Ready (P.E.P.R.) is a precision-built scope that gives 2″ of forward-positioning. This allows for a good shooting posture and adequate eye relief.
This unit has locking levers for quick-detachable capabilities. It also has two Picatinny rails on the top of each ring in case you want to attach extra accessories.
- 1 “
If you want a cantilever style scope with more accessories for your rifle, this is the one you’ll want.
2. Nikon Black Precision 1 Piece Scope Mount
The Nikon Black is perfect for a long-range rifle. The four points of contact allow for a tighter grip to your scope which eliminates the need for lapping.
This scope mount is precision-machined and made of T6 aircraft-grade aluminum.
The price comes in right around $100. The Nikon Black Precision gives you the same high-end quality as the LaRue, but its lower price is what puts this mount higher on this list.
If you can’t afford the LaRue, but still want a higher-end scope mount, the Nikon Black Precision is an excellent choice.
1. Vortex Optics Hunter Riflescope Rings
Vortex Optics Rings are the bread and butter of quality, value, and affordability across all budgets.
The Vortex Hunter rings come in low, medium, and high designs. The aircraft-grade 6061-t6 aluminum makes this mount rugged and reliable. They accommodate Picatinny and Weaver rails, which makes this product versatile.
- Low – 1″ and 30mm
- Medium – 1″ and 30mm
- High – 1″ and 30mm
With a street value of $25 and a variety of different sizes to choose from, the Vortex Optics Hunter series gives you the best bang for your buck.
Well, there you have it! These are the five best rifle scope mounts available in 2019. Any of these scope mounts are great choices, but we encourage you to make your choice that is best suited for your needs. So, what are you waiting for? Make your choice and get your adventure started!


The Book of the Garand [Julian S. Hatcher] on cavosboig.site *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. His premier works are "Hatcher's Notebook" and "Book of the Garand." He was also a pioneer in the forensic identification of firearms and their. Hatcher's "Book of the Garand" is the definitive chronicle of the rifle General George S. Patton called "the greatest battle implement ever devised." Hatcher follows.
- Book of the Garand
- Gas Trap M1 Garand
- The Book of the Garand
- See a Problem?
- COVID-19 Update
- Book of the Garand
- Bestselling Series
Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Julian Sommerville Hatcher was a noted firearms expert and author of the early twentieth century. He is credited with several technical books and articles relating to military firearms, ballistics, and auto loading weapons. His premier works are "Hatcher's Notebook" and "Book of the Garand.
Book of the Garand
Patton called "the greatest battle implement ever devised. Julian Sommerville Hatcher June 26, December 4,was a noted firearms expert and author of the early twentieth century. He is credited with several technical books and articles relating to military firearms, ballistics, and autoloading weapons. He was also a pioneer in the forensic identification of firearms and their ammunition. Hatcher was born in Hayfield, Virginia and graduated with honors from Annapolis in [he voluntarily transferred from the Navy to the Army's coast artillery].
He married Eleanor Dashiell and together, they had three children.
Gas Trap M1 Garand
Chief of the Small Arms Division in the Ordnance Department and the Assistant Commandant of the Ordnance School before and at the beginning of World War II, he worked closely with Springfield Armory as an engineering trouble-shooter in resolving early production issues associated with the early iterations of the M1 Garand Rifle.
This is a must have for the US Military Arms collector. It goes into great detail about the development of what became the. It is a fascinating behind the scenes journey telling what is involved in developing a new class of rifle.
The Book of the Garand
It emphasizes that there is a lot more to developing a rifle than merely putting the appropriate sized barrel onto a new receiver. The book describes the use and abuse testing that goes into qualifying the rifle for use by the troops.
It also mentions the many occasions when particular versions of a promising rifle were issued to the troops for actual field testing.
The M1 Garand also underwent a grueling series of tests with three other rifles, the Johnson and Winchester semi-automatic rifles and the venerable Model of Springfield.
All chambered the same 30'06 cartridge. Chambering and surviving the pressures produced by the 30'06 cartridge was the major challenge to be overcome in developing a semi-automatic battle rifle within the size and weight constraints for the average infantryman.
There had been semi-automatic rifles before the M1 Garand but they were primarily using lower pressure ammunition. Many semi-automatic rifle inventors submitted designs but they were either too heavy, fell apart during firing, or both. Many inventors submitted rifles with parts looking more at home in a typewriter than in battle-field ready rifle.
John C. Garand came from the machine tool design industry. He thought that he could do a better job than many of the current weapons designers.
See a Problem?
He designed his rifles with a primary focus on how the parts would be easily manufactured with the machine tools then available. The book describes the path that he followed that led to his employment at the Federal Government's Springfield Armory [it was disbanded in about after a long history of service] designing what became the M1.
Springfield Armory began tooling up to produce the new rifle. Winchester Repeating Arms was also given an initial "educational order" for 65, M-1's so they could begin tooling up to produce the rifle. When US Army infantrymen began arriving around November Marines began acquiring their M-1 Garands by trading booty, stealing or following Infantrymen of patrol so they could pickup their Garands if they were wounded or killed. Hatcher describes this and far more in great detail.
Far more than I can describe in a small review.
It is a fascinating read. At a macro level it shows how just a relatively small cadre of people can develop a completely new and innovative rifle. Contrast that with today's Pentagon where it takes many Generals to oversee and screwup the development of a new weapon [I spent more than 30 years in the Military-Government-Industrial complex and have first hand experience].
Contrast how the Pentagon develops new weapons with the development of Special Operations Command's 6.
Book of the Garand
Search the internet for "6. Convert currency. Add to Basket. Book Description Condition: Brand New. Seller Inventory dhtispastis More information about this seller Contact this seller. Items related to Book of the Garand. Hatcher, Julian S. Book of the Garand.
Publisher: Gun Room Pr This specific ISBN edition is currently not available. View all copies of this ISBN edition:. Synopsis About this title Reprint of Edition. About the Author : Julian Sommerville Hatcher June 26, December 4,was a noted firearms expert and author of the early twentieth century. Armstrong "About this title" may belong to another edition of this title. Buy New Learn more about this copy. Other Popular Editions of the Same Title. Search for all books with this author and title.
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For the third year in a row, Flowerpoint will have an auxiliary dagger tournament. This year, we will have two dagger tournaments – symmetric dagger, where both fighters have a weapon, and asymmetric dagger where only one of the fighters at a time will be armed. You may register for one or both dagger tournaments; as standard for dagger tournaments competitors will be grouped in weight classes.
Currently (as far as we know), it’s the mid-Atlantic region’s only dagger tournament. If you like close quarters action and making friends while stabbing them, come join us for dagger!
The dagger tournament is divided into weight classes.
Dagger rules (to be uploaded)


Peacekeepers Now Armed With Tasers
Written by K1037 News on February 26, 2019
Kahnawake Peacekeepers are now armed with Conductive Energy Weapons – or tasers. Eight officers officially hit the streets with the new weapons on Friday.
According to PK Corporal John Dee Delormier, officers underwent training last summer in order to use the weapons which shoot 50,000 volts of electricity into the target. Part of that training involved each officer experiencing the electric jolt for themselves.
Delormier says the goal is to have all officers on the force trained to use the weapons which he said offer an alternative to firearms.


Rantaro and his friends have new mission when coming back ninja school. They have to a sword with a mysterious power called “Heaven’s Sword”. While nations are in the war, the sword which is said to give the power to its owner controlling the world is stolen. This power is the target of almost ninja all over Dokutake Castle and beyond. Rantaro and friends are assigned to bring the sword back. Mission starts.


FOR SALE ONLINE
BUY KELTEC FIREARMS ONLINE
Buy brand new Keltec Firearms online, check out our Keltec firearms for sale online at our store including pistols, rifles and shotguns for sale. You will never have to worry if your local gun shop has the specific model you want; we have an extensive selection of Keltec firearms. Buy keltec firearms online from our shop with various firearms available for you, all brand new and ready to ship. Everything really starts with our vision, which is: ‘to be the best-run business in America and the most successful, most respected business in our industry, for the benefit of our customers. This is a pretty bold vision but it is absolutely real. Buy your next Keltec pistol, rifle, shotgun or any other keltec gun right here and get it shipped right to your FFL Dealer in no time. Possibly you’re sitting in some exhausting gathering or presentation and attempting to give yourself something to anticipate. Perhaps you would prefer not to descend off the mountain until your keltec firearm is ready to pick up. Possibly you have not been able to get a particular Keltec gun (sad!), yet you truly need one of the guns you found on our site. Regardless of your reasons, we have you covered.
KELTEC RIFLES FOR SALE
KelTec is an innovator in rifle design. Engineering downward and forward ejecting bullpup rifles with unrivaled trigger systems is just the beginning. We build rifles for sportsmen, hunters and tactical shooters. Every rifle produced at KelTec exhibits a standard of quality and forward thinking unmet by other firearm manufacturers.
ABOUT KEL-TEC FIREARMS
Kel-Tec CNC Industries, known as Kel-Tec, is an American firearm manufacturer and developer. Based in Cocoa, Florida, and founded in 1991, Kel-Tec started in firearm manufacturing with semi-automatic pistols before branching out to shotguns and rifles. There are 7 Keltec pistols available from the manufacturer, including the Kel-Tec PF-9, P-11, P-32, P-3AT, PLR-16, PLR-22 and PMR-30. Read on for brief information about these Keltec pistols. The Kel-Tec PF-9 is claimed by the manufacturer to be the lightest and thinnest semi-automatic 9mm pistol ever mass-produced. This Keltec pistol weighs 12.7 ounces and measures 5.85 inches long, 0.88 inches wide and 4.3 inches tall. The barrel is 3.1 inches long and fires 9x19mm cartridges. The Kel-Tec P-11 is a short-recoil, semi-automatic pistol that is also chambered for 9x19mm cartridges. The P-11 weighs 14 ounces and measures 5.6 inches long, 1 inch wide and 4.3 inches tall. The barrel is 3.1 inches long and has a 10-round magazine feed system. The Kel-Tec P-32 is a sub-compact semi-automatic pistol designed for concealed carry. It weighs 6.6 ounces and measures 5.07 inches long, 0.75 inches wide and 3.50 inches tall.
The barrel is 2.68 inches long and fires .32 ACP ammo. The Kel-Tec P-3AT is a double-action only, semi-automatic pistol. It is the lightest .380 ACP pistol in the world. The P-3AT weighs 8.3 ounces and measures 5.2 inches long, 0.77 inches wide and 3.5 inches tall. The barrel is 2.45 inches long, and the feed system supports a 6-round detachable box magazine. The Kel-Tec PLR-16 is a semi-automatic, gas-operated pistol designed for recreational target shooting and small game hunting. It weighs 3.42 pounds and measures 18.5 inches long. The barrel length is 9.2 inches and fires 5.56 NATO cartridges. The Keltec PLR-22 is a double-action only, semi-automatic pistol designed for target shooting and hunting small game. The pistol is chambered for .22LR cartridges and weighs 2.8 pounds. The barrel is 10.1 inches long. The Kel-Tec PMR-30 is a full-size semi-automatic pistol with fixed fiber optic open sights. It weighs 1.2 pounds and measures 7.9 inches long and 1.3 inches wide. The barrel length is 4.3 inches, and the pistol fires .22 WMR cartridges.
KEL-TEC PISTOLS FOR SALE
KelTec reinvented the concealed carry market with the P11. Every pistol we engineer must live up to that legacy and its designed purpose. Whether you’re off to the range for plinking, or concerned about personal and home defense training, there’s a KelTec pistol for your holster.
KELTEC FIREARMS! QUALITY! INNOVATION!
Kel-Tec CNC, Inc. is firmly committed to the innovation, development and production of original, unique, high-performance firearms. Kel-Tec is equally committed to the legal and responsible sale of their products. Finally, Kel-Tec is dedicated to the satisfaction of our Clients, Kel-Tec stands behind their products with a lifetime warranty and best-in-class customer and warranty service.
Keltec Armory is proud to carry Keltec firearms. The PMR-30 fires .22WMR packed in a thirty round magazine. A light trigger pull allows for easy firing, making the PMR-30 ideal for hunting small game or shooting targets at our indoor range. Keltec has manufactured and designed innovative firearms for over twenty years. The PMR-30 is a continuation of their innovative spirit. Keltec offers a lifetime warranty on all products and best-in-class customer service.
KELTEC SHOTGUNS FOR SALE
In 2011, we introduced the KSG and completely changed the world of tactical, pump-action Keltec shotguns. Pick your favorite variant or collect them all… we won’t blame you. All of our Keltec shotguns are chambered for 3″ shells and fire a wide variety of projectiles. We should also mention that they’re all downward-ejecting and completely ambidextrous.


Bf 109D/E: Blitzkrieg 1939–40 (Dogfight) (Paperback)
Using first-hand accounts and brand-new artwork, this book brings to life the realities of flying the Bf 109 in combat during the very first battles of World War II.
The Bf 109 was one of the principal fighter aircraft types in the Luftwaffe's inventory during the opening months of World War II and it was central to many of Germany's early victories, before coming up against the unbeatable RAF during the Battle of Britain.
This book presents first-hand experiences of the pilots who flew the Bf 109E, the aircraft which first featured a Daimler-Benz DB 601 powerplant, and which was in the front line in the skies over Poland, the Low Countries and France, and the older Bf 109D, still in use in the Polish campaign.
The early variants of the Messerschmitt fighter, the Bf 109E-1, Bf 109E-2 and Bf 109E-3, swept all before them during the opening wartime campaigns, their successes only fading at the Battle of France, when the Bf 109's seasoned pilots encountered modern and well-flown RAF and Armée de l'Air fighters.
In a rigorous and engaging new analysis, Luftwaffe aviation expert Malcolm V. Lowe examines and assesses the Bf 109 as a fighting machine from the perspective of the Luftwaffe at the forefront of the German blitzkrieg. Contemporary photographs and specially commissioned artwork, including a dramatic battlescene, armament views, technical diagrams and ribbon diagrams illustrating step-by-step each battle tactic of the main dogfights explored in the book, bring the experiences of the Bf 109 pilots vividly to life.
Malcolm V. Lowe is a writer and historian specialised on Luftwaffe, RAF and USAAF air operations between 1939–45 over northwest Europe. He has written articles for magazines including Aeroplane Monthly, Aviation News and FlyPast. Malcolm's books have been critically acclaimed for their research and published in German, French, Czech, Chinese and Arabic.
The illustrators for this volume are Gareth Hector (cover and battlescene), Jim Laurier (armament views) and Tim Brown (technical and ribbon diagrams).
"You will not find any books out there with this high level of detail supported by superb artwork at such an affordable price. I highly recommend this book to any Luftwaffe historians, Bf 109 enthusiasts, or anyone wanting to learn more about early Luftwaffe fighter capabilities, design, and employment in the first year of the war." - Todd Shughart, Aviation News Magazine
"The swooping illustrations of individual actions add drama, being accompanied by a step by step explanation of the action. All this makes for a fascinating and original look at a well-documented subject material" - Gary Hatcher, Scale Aircraft Modelling


The RANGER is suited for intermediate to advanced divers. This product boasts
a deep rail and is fitted with an 18mm band and 7mm high tensile spring steel
spear. The integrated plastic rail and frictionless stainless steel trigger system
makes this gun extremely quiet and accurate. Standard with DIY wishbone,
tuna clip & muzzle boingi.
20mm Rubbers, 7mm Plated Spear


Like new condition with original packaging - Only fired a few times!
This isn't a TOY for kids! (Uses ordinary table salt)
Never misplace your BUG-A-SALT again! This orange model is guaranteed to stand out (even if your wife tries to hide it).
The BUG-A-SALT 3.0 is specifically tailored to the needs of the more serious fly hunter. Those who are fluent in weaponry & gun handling will appreciate custom improvements such as the cross-bolt safety, trigger redesign, and Patridge sight (not to be confused with the bird, sight is named after the famous rifleman Patridge).
This new, lethal edition to our family. However, we must warn that instead of leaving flies whole for easy cleanup, it may splatter them. The 3.0 model greatly increases odds for in-flight take down.
New Cross Bolt Safety! Once it's on, it's on. Once it's off, it's off. Feel free to rapid-fire, folks!
The sleek design has streamlined the feel of the gun. It's like butter on toast.
Snazzy orange + black fly graphics ensure all of your friends will say “Awe, I want that one!”
Updated engineering on the trigger mechanism. It's now VERY light – so be careful! Keep away from children, & pets.
The barrel has been lifted & Patridge sight added for extremely accurate shooting. You can shoot the fly in the back of the neck now!
Improved, more durable salt hopper makes tactical reloads easy during the heat of battle.
Stronger spring creates a tighter salt pattern.
ONCE THEY’RE RED, THEY’RE DEAD. NEVER MISS AGAIN.
A perfect addition to your BUG-A-SALT 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 gun.
Once adjusted, easy to shoot flies and roaches off the hip.
Comes with easy instructions.
Includes Allen wrench for calibrating.
Complies with FDA performance standards.
Fits 2.0 & 3.0 models.
Originally paid $70


This article analyses how short term security priorities are forcing NATO to revise its nuclear strategy despite the West’s support for denuclearization, arms reduction and non-proliferation.
This article was originally published by Atlantic Treaty Association here.
On May 27th, 2016, United States (US) President Barack Obama used his visit to Hiroshima, Japan, to refocus the world’s attention on denuclearization, a project which has been Obama’s concentration since he took office, and which awarded him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.
The speech was deemed hypocritical as the US is currently heavily investing into the modernization of its nuclear arsenal, instead of reducing it, as the denuclearization guidelines would suggest. Washington has also supported the deployment of more nuclear weapons to NATO’s eastern front in response to Russia’s threatening attitude. Of course, some efforts have been made towards nuclear arsenal reduction, notably through the signing of the New START Treaty signed by the United States and Russia, but overall, Obama’s project has been stalling since it was first announced.
The discrepancy between discourse and action is not only visible in the US; NATO seems to be following the same route as nuclear deterrence has regained importance over the past few years. North Korea’s nuclear tests, Iran’s controversial recent ballistic missile tests, and Russia’s annexation of Crimea are pushing NATO to redesign its nuclear strategy and increase its deterrence capacity.
At the upcoming NATO Warsaw Summit, the Allies will have to define how to use nuclear weapons in order to reassure the member states whilst not provoking a security dilemma elsewhere. Because of the different security priorities of the Allies, the Euro-Atlantic Alliance is split into two groups, some wishing to see the nuclear component more present in the confrontation with Russia, others rejecting the idea. In both cases, the effectiveness of the chosen response will be challenged by Moscow’s increased assertiveness and other global threats.
A New Nuclear Age
When trying to define NATO’s best possible approach to today’s nuclear threats, it is crucial to analyse the current nuclear paradigm, which has been referred to by scholars as the Third Nuclear Age.
The First Nuclear Age refers to that of the Cold War which rested on the NATO-Warsaw Pact bipolar confrontation; the second corresponds to the post-Cold War era when the threats were no longer states but rather unchecked non-state actors; the Third Nuclear Age is a system where the nuclear threat is used by irrational actors (be it state or non-state actors) to assert political power on the international scene when they do not otherwise have the resources to do so. It is generally accepted that the Third Nuclear Age started in 2014 with the illegal annexation of Crimea by Russia. By doing so, Russia unsettled the European security order by putting an end to its partnership with NATO and using its nuclear arsenal to assert itself as an influential world power again, thus making up for its conventional power inferiority.
The Third Nuclear Age opposes a political or economic ‘midget’, i.e. an actor which is insignificant on the international scene such as North Korea, a rising power like China, a declining power like Russia, or a non-state actor, to an established power through the use of nuclear weapons and whereby the former tries to impose its will on the latter. This confrontation is also used by political leaders as a means to boost their popularity; Kim-Jong Il proudly announced on May 7th “that his nuclear-weapons and missile programmes had brought the country ‘dignity and national power’”.
The current nuclear age is also tainted with ideological antagonism between legal models: on one hand, the Western principles of rule of law, international rules and regulations, arm reduction and denuclearization are sought after; on the other hand, counterparts use hybrid methods as means of power. The latter model seems to rest on irrationality, which raises the issue of containment if a crisis were to erupt; indeed, the traditional nuclear concepts of first strike, escalation and even deterrence are not respected by all, thus creating further uncertainty and increasing the chances of security dilemma and as a consequence of a nuclear response.
The challenge is therefore to deter irrational actors who depend on their nuclear weapons to make their voices heard and make themselves look more important than they really are.
Deterring Russia: Reviewing NATO’s Strategy
In face of Russia’s renewed threatening attitude, the Alliance must modernize its nuclear strategy, a publicly recognized need, though NATO officials assert that no drastic turn will be made. In any case, NATO must ensure that “there is no doubt in the Russians’ mind that this idea of using nuclear weapons to “de-escalate a crisis” isn’t going to work.”
In Warsaw, NATO will thus work on refreshing its nuclear stance, which has not changed since NATO’s “Deterrence and Defense Posture Review” developed at the 2012 Chicago Summit. The Alliance is indeed in dire need to review this document as most principles it is based on, namely NATO-Russia good relations and cooperation, are no longer reflecting today’s reality.
What will be closely monitored by the general public is whether the Allies will modify the 1997 Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and Russia, which asserted that NATO had “no intention, no plan and no reason to deploy nuclear weapons on the territory of new members, nor any need to change any aspect of [its] nuclear posture or nuclear policy”. If NATO did so – Poland, Latvia, the United Kingdom and the United States support the idea of an increased nuclear deployment towards the East – it would add a nuclear component to the Alliance’s sovereignty reinforcement measures already in place which will most certainly not be well received by Moscow.
A report from the Center for Non-proliferation Studies (CNS) studied the Allies’ take on reinforcing the nuclear presence closer to the frontline. The results lean towards a nuclear status quo where the atomic capabilities would remain in Western Europe as the frontline states see hosting nuclear weapons on their soil as “heightening their risk of being involved in a nuclear conflict with little positive payoff.”
It appears that border states believe that much can be done to deter Russia by implementing small changes in the Alliance’s conventional (and not nuclear) strategy. In addition, investing more resources into nuclear deterrence is regarded as a non-credible military and political choice which would take away crucial resources from conventional forces. What NATO can do is encourage the three nuclear Allies to cooperate to offer the rest of the Alliance a credible nuclear stance which will not demand further nuclear efforts.
Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
When revising its nuclear strategy, the Alliance must keep the big picture in mind in order to send a coherent message to the world. NATO has never taken part in the denuclearization movement, only in the arm reduction and anti-proliferation ones, as illustrated by the annual NATO Conference on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation. The Alliance believes, however, that nuclear weapons must be controlled and used for deterrence and not for intimidation. NATO must therefore continue to count on its nuclear capability while not increasing it, and expand its conventional capabilities to match that of Russia while not making Moscow feel insecure to the point where it will require to flex its nuclear muscles.
Placing nuclear weapons in NATO’s most eastern Allies, like Poland was suggesting, can be regarded as nuclear proliferation, as supported by denuclearization advocates. One can argue that nuclear weapons posted in NATO’s nuclear sharing program beneficiaries, that is Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy and Turkey, do not make those nations nuclear because the missiles belong to the US and are controlled by Washington; but this is subject to criticism as the host countries are seen as violating the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT), as a result of which NATO has been accused of double-standards by contributing to the proliferation of the nuclear technology. In that regards, expanding the scope of NATO’s nuclear sharing program, and especially to include Poland and the Baltic states, would send the wrong message regarding disarmament and non-proliferation, a goal the West has been supporting since the end of the Cold War.
Prevailing Short Term Security Goals
Obama stated on 30 March 2016 that, “as the only nation ever to use nuclear weapons, the United States has a moral obligation to continue to lead the way in eliminating them. Still, no one nation can realize this vision alone. It must be the work of the world.” So far, the US has not led the way to this goal other than in discourse.
Needless to say that unilaterally diminishing the number of nuclear warheads is no easy task, especially when confronted with irrational actors such as North Korea, Russia and China who do not see eye to eye with the West on denuclearization. China sees this project as counterintuitive; after all, why destroy what one has spent so much money to build?
Regional crises have multiplied in recent years, notably because of the nuclear threat: China is currently expanding its arsenal without announcing to what extent and what for, which has repercussions for India, Pakistan and Asia-Pacific at large and for relations with the West and Russia; Israel’s undercover nuclear program impacts Iran, Saudi Arabia and other regional actors; Russia’s nuclear exercises and tests, notably close to Sweden, and direct declarations that they would not hesitate to use the nuclear bomb if provoked are all signs of renewed tension; and North Korea’s tests and unruliness threaten South Korea and Japan, both NATO Partners Around the Globe.
The lack of transparency and accountability that some nuclear actors display to international organisations is worrisome as their disrespect of international laws increase uncertainty and cause a potential security dilemma, like Iran’s nuclear plans did before the 2003 sanctions. Russia renounced to participating in the annual Russian-American summits on nuclear safety, and withdrew from “the bilateral cooperation program designed to increase nuclear safety under the so-called Nunn-Lugar Act” which increases the risk of Russia’s “radioactive substances, nuclear weapon elements and nuclear expertise from falling into the wrong hands.” Some countries are no longer willing to play by the West’s rules, thus making denuclearization extremely unlikely.
Killing the Bird in the Nest
Today, denuclearization is not a priority for countries, preferring disarmament and non-proliferation as they are more realistic goals in threatening times. Disarmament is working to a certain extent, notably thanks to the New START Treaty. Non-proliferation has proven effective in the case of Iran: the sanctions aimed to kill Teheran’s nuclear ambitions in the nest before it was too late. This strategy has, however, proved unsuccessful in North Korea due in part to China’s support to the country, limited impact of the Six Party Talks, and Pyongyang’s disregard for international sanctions.
The risk of nuclear confrontation today is real. The increasing number of nuclear actors and their declared willingness to use their nuclear technology makes it necessary for the West to reassert its defensive strategy. Deterrence seems the best route to take in an effort to avoid provoking the irrational actors as well as support the denuclearization project.
While the West is officially trying to limit its armament, the rest of the world does not seem to be willing to follow suit. Denuclearization is an ambitious goal that most ultimately supports for the security of the world. Unfortunately, one cannot win a game where the others do not play by the rules, so for now, short-term security priorities will have to prevail.
Delpech, Thérèse, “Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century – Lessons from the Cold War for a new era of strategic piracy”, RAND Corporation, (2012)
Kamp, Karl-Heinz, “Commentary: NATO Must Reopen the Nuclear Dossier”, Defense News (09.03.2016)
Kamp, Karl-Heinz, “The agenda of the NATO summit in Warsaw”, Bundesakademie für Sicherheitpolitik, Security Policy Working Paper No.9/2015
Kamp, Karl-Heinz, “Welcome to the Third Nuclear Age”, The National Interest (02.05.2016) Available at: http://nationalinterest.org/feature/welcome-the-third-nuclear-age-16020?page=2
Kristensen, Hans M., “Adjusting NATO’s nuclear posture”, Federation of American Scientists (07.12.2015)
Lyon, Rod “The New Dilemmas of Nuclear Deterrence”, The Diplomat (03.07.2015) Available at: http://thediplomat.com/2015/07/the-new-dilemmas-of-nuclear-deterrence/
NATO, “Deputy Secretary General calls for efforts to strengthen non-proliferation regime” (09.05.2016) Available at: http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_130629.htm
NATO, “Opening statement by NATO Deputy Secretary General Ambassador Alexander Vershbow at the Annual NATO Conference on WMD Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-proliferation (Ljubljana, Slovenia)” (09.05.2016)
Pomper, Miles A.; Murauskaite, Egle; Sokov, Nikolai, N. & Varnum, Jessica, C., “Ensuring Deterrence against Russia: The View from NATO’s Front-Line States”, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (08.12.2015)
Sieg, Linda & Spetalnik, Matt, “Obama’s Hiroshima visit looks to future amid charges of selective amnesia”, Reuters (20.05.2016)
The Economist, “By the rocket’s glare”, (05.2016)
Sen, Ashish Kumar, “Nuclear Component Must Be Part of NATO’s Deterrence Policy in Europe’s East, says Latvia’s Foreign Minister”, Atlantic Council (26.02.2016)
Vadillo, Alberto Perez, “From Munich to Warsaw: NATO rethinks deterrence”, British American Security Information Council (22.02.2016)


Weapon Regulation Conventions
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
- It is an independent, autonomous international organisation with a working relationship with the UN.
- It is the implementing body of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force in 1997.
- It has 193 Member States working together to achieve a world free of chemical weapons.
- HQ – The Hague, Netherlands
- It was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2013.
- Until now, OPCW could only say whether chemical weapons were used but not who had used them.
- It has been recently granted additional powers by its members voting in two-third majority which allows it to assign blame for attacks.
- This process of extending its jurisdiction was heavily opposed by Russia.
- But, Britain was supporting the move arguing that new powers were needed to deal with repeated chemical attacks in Syria.
Chemical Weapons Convention
- It aims to eliminate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons by States Parties.
- Israel has signed but not ratified the agreement.
- Egypt, North Korea and South Sudan have neither signed nor acceded to the treaty.
- The convention has provisions for systematic evaluation of chemical production facilities, as well as for investigations of allegations of use and production of chemical weapons based on intelligence of other state parties.
- Some chemicals which have been used extensively in warfare but have numerous large-scale industrial uses such as phosgene are highly regulated.
- Chlorine gas is highly toxic, but being widely used for peaceful purposes, is not officially listed as a chemical weapon.
- Other chemicals, such as white phosphorous, are highly toxic but are legal under the CWC when they are used by military forces for reasons other than their toxicity.
- Chemicals have few or no uses outside chemical weapons may be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or chemical weapon defence testing purposes but production above 100 grams per year must be declared to the CWC.
- A country is limited to possessing a maximum of 1 tonne of these materials.
- Examples are sulfur mustard and nerve agents.
- Chemicals which have legitimate small-scale applications can be manufactured must be declared and there are restrictions on export to countries that are not CWC signatories. e.g Thiodiglycol which can be used in the manufacture of mustard agents, but is also used as a solvent in inks.
- As a signatory, India enacted Chemical Weapons Convention Act in 2000.
- It defines chemical weapons and empowers the Centre to set up a National Authority.
- It defines chemical weapons as toxic chemicals, including munitions and devices, specifically designed to cause death or other harm.
UN Disarmament Commission
- It is a subsidiary organ of UN General Assembly, created in 1978.
- It is composed of all UN member states.
- It reports annually to General Assembly.
- It was created as a deliberative body, with the function of considering and making recommendations on various issues in the field of disarmament.
- Its mandate is to prepare proposals for a treaty for the regulation, limitation and balanced reduction of all armed forces and all armaments, including the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction.
- The UNDC is serviced substantively by the Office for Disarmament Affairs and technically by the Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services.
- The United Nations disarmament chief made a statement about disarming North Korea recently.
Conference on Disarmament
- It is the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community.
- Though it includes practically all multilateral arms control and disarmament problems, it focuses on nuclear arms race and nuclear disarmament.
- India recognizes CD as the single multilateral disarmament negotiation forum and discards any other forum.
Nuclear Suppliers Group
- It is a voluntary, non-legally binding export control regime.
- Originally called “London Club”, it was founded in response to the Indian nuclear test in 1974.
- It is a group of nuclear supplier countries that seeks to contribute to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons through the implementation of two sets of Guidelines for nuclear exports and nuclear-related exports.
- According to this, a supplier authorizes a transfer only when satisfied that the transfer would not contribute to the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
- It has 48 members with European Commission and the Chair of Zangger Committee as observers.
- After India U.S Civil Nuclear Agreement, India has been trying to become a member. But its membership has been blocked by China.
A) India-US Civil Nuclear Deal 2005
- It recognised India as a nuclear weapons power.
- It emphasised on non-proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
- Even though India did not officially join NPT, this agreement afforded the same benefits as other leading nuclear powers like civilian space programmes, high-technology trade, and missile defence.
- It included separation of civilian and military nuclear facilities and brining civilian nuclear facilities under the IAEA safeguards.
- It promotes transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.
- It came into being in 1996 to succeed the Cold War-era Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls.
- It has 42 members and with the exception of China, all the other permanent UNSC members are signatories.
- India has been admitted as the 42nd member, which will strengthen India’s credentials as a responsible nuclear power.
- The Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) with 42 participating states including many former Comecon (Warsaw Pact) countries.
- The Wassenaar Arrangement was established to contribute to regional and international security and stability by promoting transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies, thus preventing destabilizing accumulations. Participating states seek, through their national policies, to ensure that transfers of these items do not contribute to the development or enhancement of military capabilities which undermine these goals, and are not diverted to support such capabilities.
Missile Technology Control Regime
- It was established in 1987 by Japan.
- It aims to limit the spread of ballistic missiles and other unmanned delivery systems that could be used for chemical, biological, and nuclear attacks.
- It has 35 members, which include most of the world’s key missile manufacturers, including India.
- It seeks to restrict the exports of missiles and related technologies of any type of weapon of mass destruction.
- The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime. It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology. The regime was formed in 1987 by the G-7 industrialized countries. The MTCR seeks to limit the risks of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by controlling exports of goods and technologies that could make a contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons. In this context, the MTCR places particular focus on rockets and unmanned aerial vehicles capable of delivering a payload of at least 500 kg (1,100 lb) to a range of at least 300 km (190 miles) and on equipment, software, and technology for such systems.
- The MTCR is not a treaty and does not impose any legally binding obligations on Partners (members). Rather, it is an informal political understanding among states that seek to limit the proliferation of missiles and missile technology
- It seeks to ensure that exports do not contribute to the development of chemical or biological weapons.
- It has 43 members including India.
- China is not a member 0f AG nor of MTCR nor Wassenaar Arrangement.
- Delegations representing the countries meet every year in Paris.
- The Australia Group is a multilateral export control regime (MECR) and an informal group of countries (now joined by the European Commission) established in 1985 (after the use of chemical weapons by Iraq in 1984) to help member countries to identify those exports which need to be controlled so as not to contribute to the spread of chemical and biological weapons.
- The group, initially consisting of 15 members, held its first meeting in Brussels, Belgium, in September 1989. With the incorporation of India on January 19, 2018, it now has 43 members, including Australia, the European Commission, all 28 member states of the European Union, the United States, India, Ukraine, and Argentina. The name comes from Australia’s initiative to create the group. Australia manages the secretariat.
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
- The treaty was signed in the year 1987 between United States and the then Soviet Union.
- The treaty prohibited land-based cruise or ballistic missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 km. It did not cover air- or sea-launched weapons,
- The treaty marked the first time the superpowers had agreed to reduce their nuclear arsenal & eliminate entire category of nuclear weapons.
- In 2014, US has alleged that Russia violated the treaty and it has deployed the non-compliant missile.
- Recently, US announced its withdrawal from the treaty. USA Congress approval for the same is yet to be taken.
Biological Weapons Convention
- The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention, abbreviation: BWC, was the first multilateral disarmament treaty banning the production of an entire category of weapons.
- The Convention was the result of prolonged efforts by the international community to establish a new instrument that would supplement the 1925 Geneva Protocol.
- The Geneva Protocol prohibits use but not possession or development of chemical and biological weapons.
- It commits the 183 states which are party to it as of August 2019 to prohibit the development, production, and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons.
- However, the absence of any formal verification regime to monitor compliance has limited the effectiveness of the Convention. An additional five states have signed the BWC but have yet to ratify the treaty.
- The scope of the BWC’s prohibition includes all microbial and other biological agents or toxins and their means of delivery (with exceptions for medical and defensive purposes in small quantities
- Permitted purposes under the BWC are defined as prophylactic, protective and other peaceful purposes.
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT,
- It is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament.
- Between 1965 and 1968, the treaty was negotiated by the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament, a United Nations-sponsored organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.
- Opened for signature in 1968, the treaty entered into force in 1970. As required by the text, after twenty-five years, NPT Parties met in May 1995 and agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely.
- More countries have adhered to the NPT than any other arms limitation and disarmament agreement.
- As of August 2016, 191 states have adhered to the treaty, though North Korea, which acceded in 1985 but never came into compliance, announced its withdrawal from the NPT in 2003, following detonation of nuclear devices in violation of core obligations.
- Four UN member states have never accepted the NPT, three of which possess nuclear weapons: India, Israel, and Pakistan. In addition, South Sudan, founded in 2011, has not joined.
- The NPT is often seen to be based on a central bargain:
- The NPT non-nuclear-weapon states agree never to acquire nuclear weapons and
- The NPT nuclear-weapon states in exchange agree to share the benefits of peaceful nuclear technology and to pursue nuclear disarmament aimed at the ultimate elimination of their nuclear arsenals.
- The treaty is reviewed every five years in meetings called Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
- Several additional measures have been adopted to strengthen the NPT and the broader nuclear nonproliferation regime including the export controls of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the enhanced verification measures of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Additional Protocol.
The treaty is interpreted as a three-pillar system, with an implicit balance among them:
- disarmament, and
- The right to peacefully use nuclear technology.
- Failure of the NPT-recognized nuclear weapon states to disarm themselves of nuclear weapons, especially in the post–Cold War era, has angered some non-nuclear-weapon NPT signatories of the NPT. Such failureprovides justification for the non-nuclear-weapon signatories to quit the NPT and develop their own nuclear arsenals
- The linkage between proliferation and disarmament may also work the other way, i.e., that the failure to resolve proliferation threats in Iran and North Korea, for instance, will cripple the prospects for disarmament
- the very progress of disarmament by the superpowers—which has led to the elimination of thousands of weapons and delivery systems could eventually make the possession of nuclear weapons more attractive by increasing the perceived strategic value of a small arsenal.
- India argues that the NPT creates a club of “nuclear haves” and a larger group of “nuclear have-nots” by restricting the legal possession of nuclear weapons to those states that tested them before 1967, but the treaty never explains on what ethical grounds such a distinction is valid.
- NPT acts as a flawed treaty and it does not recognize the need for universal, non-discriminatory verification and treatment.


More to Explore
This is the story of how Los Alamos came to embody the atomic age.
Los Alamos Ranch School
Ashley Pond's dream of an elite boarding school for boys with nature as one of the teachers is preempted by a top-secret that changes the world.
Dorothy "Dink" McKibbin
No one got into the secret city on the hill during the Manhattan Project without first going through the office of Dorothy McKibbin at 109 East Palace Avenue in Santa Fe.
House at Otowi
By a twist of typical New Mexican fate, Edith Warren provided a place where the past could come to terms with the future at her little teahouse at the foot of the hill that was Los Alamos during World War II.
David Hawkins was the only New Mexican in the inner circle at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project. His job was to troubleshoot problems, mediate disputes, and as the official historian for the project, document the entire endeavor. It was likely he who suggested Journada del Muerto as the location for the test.
The Trinity Test
The first atomic bomb was detonated at the Trinity Site in New Mexico on July 16, 1945. It changed the world.
Joe McKibben was the man who flipped the switch that set off the atomic bomb at Trinity.
New Mexican photographer Berlyn Brixner got the job of documenting the atomic test at Trinity.
He used a lot of cameras and shot lots of film.
The secrets of the atomic bomb were passed into the hands of Russian spies on the streets of Santa Fe and Albuquerque.
Little Boy, Fat Man, and Gadget
Three different bombs were made at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project.
An all-out effort to contain precious plutonium in case of an atomic test misfire comes to define the newly-coined term "S.N.A.F.U." in 1945
There was more than nuclear fallout from the atomic test at the Trinity Site. Many New Mexicans saw the flash from the giant fireball but had no idea what they had witnesses.
V2 Rockets in New Mexico
Germany's arsenal of V2 rockets was shipped to White Sands following the end of World War II and the German scientists behind the technology were brought with them. After a bumpy start, New Mexico became the birthplace of the Space Age.


This is a nice video of hankyu archery. The bows are half the size of regular kyudo bows and the arrows are extremely long. The arrows have no metal tips, the bamboo is just sanded down to a sharp point. This is a civilian archery game from long ago and it is nice to see someone still playing it. I believe the arrows are long to make it easier to control the arrows. Arrows as long as this won't bounce far if they miss a makiwara for example so the azuchi area can be much smaller than a normal azuchi.


Self-defense is a topic of interest for many California residents. After all, the world is sometimes a frightening place in which to live. Since this state is known for its strict firearms laws, you may wonder if you can ditch the guns in favor of bladed weapons for the defense of self and property.
In most situations, knives are legal to possess and carry in California. However, you must comply with state law to avoid a misdemeanor or felony charge. The knife laws in our state are nearly as complex as firearm statutes, making it easy to end up in troubled legal waters.
Which bladed weapons are illegal?
It depends on the type of knife and how you carry it on your person. For example, you can own and carry a fixed blade knife such as a dagger or a dirk in public, but you may not conceal them.
You may also own and carry a switchblade knife, but the blade must be only two inches or less in length. It is against the law to bear an open switchblade or conceal it on your body.
California law explicitly prohibits several types of bladed weapons. Examples include:
- Ballistic knives: These contain a blade that detaches for a ballistic launch at a target
- Misleading knives: These are concealed inside of everyday objects like canes, writing instruments or belt buckles
- Undetectable knives: These bladed weapons will not trigger metal detectors, which is why they are prohibited
With so much focus on firearm legality, it is easy to overlook the rules associated with bladed weapons. We recommend increasing your knowledge of state weapons laws if you want to arm up for self-defense and remain in compliance with the law. If the police have already accused you of breaking weapons laws, you will need the help of a criminal defense attorney to ensure trying to stay safe does not cost you your freedom.


Idrinth's Speaking Weapons
Inspired by the Project Skyrim Discord,here is a talking dagger, greatsword and axe as a hopefully fun addition to everyone's arsenal.
Idrinth: Replace Dagger voice +0
Idrinth: Add Fork +0
Idrinth: Record Sword Lines +0


SKS is one of the most powerful weapons in Free Fire, but you can still boost its strength even more by equipping 1 of these 5 spectacular skins.
As a weapon capable of breaching armour, this weapon can certainly shine late in the game, with the potential to do much more stable damage than other weapons like the SVD or the M14.
In this post, we will mention the five most effective SKS outfits in the game.
SKS Duchess Swallowtail
“Blue Butterfly” Duchess Swallowtail is a delicate skin adorned with blue butterfly wings. When fitted with this skin, the accuracy will improve and the speed of reload will decrease a little, you will be able to reach the target even more quickly by using this skin.
SKS Phantom Assassin
SKS Phantom Assassin is just marginally stronger than Swallowtail, SKS needs more reload speed than magazine size. Pleasant look, albeit not as good as Swallowtail, but the vignette on the pistol is very innovative.
SKS Cheetah Claw
The SKS Cheetah Claw looks pretty, it’s all yellow with some black dots around it and it’s a great casual skin that doubles the gun impact. SKS already has high effective damage due to its penetration of the armor and would be much better with Cheetah Claw’s skin.
SKS Urban Rager
Urban Rager looks pretty cute, it really comes in several colors instead of just one color like it is now. The bonus given by this gun is much greater in terms of firing rate. This is great for these weapons, as the main limitation of SKS and all semi-automatic snipers is their firing rate.
Hysteria SKS is the best legendary skin for this weapon, the toughest and the best. The decoration design on the pistol appears particularly eye-catching, with the clown’s face drawn on the body and different color details on the whole body of the gun.