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File(s) not publicly available
Operation Linebacker II : the last and only pure application of Douhet‚ÄövÑv¥s theory of air power? An analysis of the historiography of strategic bombing in the Twentieth Century
thesisposted on 2023-05-27, 19:34 authored by Buchanan, GI
In 1921, Giulio Douhet published his treatise on airpower, The Command of the Air, which expounded the theory of aerial bombardment of civilian and industrial enclaves of an enemy nation. Douhet postulated that the capability to strike first from the air with ‚ÄövÑv¿terrible impact‚ÄövÑvp would break the will of an enemy and foreshorten a war thereby reducing overall casualties; the application of airpower in this manner would avoid the stalemated land battles and consequent horrendous losses redolent of the Great War. Douhet has been described as the first to provide a coherent and comprehensive philosophy on the utilisation of strategic airpower.1 Yet, the various aerial bombing conflicts of the interwar years and the intense strategic campaigns of the Second World War (WWII) did not realise Douhet‚ÄövÑv¥s predictions. Over three chapters it is argued in this thesis that these bombing operations were not necessarily a failure of the Douhetian strategic framework, but rather that the precepts of that theory were not adequately tested in these conflicts, in particular the strategic bombing campaigns of WWII.
Department/SchoolSchool of Humanities
Rights statementCopyright 2016 the author.


|The butterfly sword (蝴蝶双刀) is a short dao, or single-edged blade, originally from the South of China, though it has seen use in the North. |
The blade length is approximately that of the forearm, for easy concealment within the sleeves or inside boots, and for greater maneuverability to spin and rotate in close-quarters fighting.
The butterfly sword is usually wielded in pairs. The sword has also a small crossguard to protect the hands of the wielder, which can be too small to block or hook an opponent's weapon. Butterfly swords are used in several Chinese martial arts, notably Wing Chun, Lau Gar and Hung Gar.


New U.S. F-22 stealth fighters deployed near Iran VIDEO
By JohnThomas Didymus
Apr 27, 2012 - 9 hours ago in World
The U.S. has deployed its most advanced stealth jet fighters to an allied base only 200 miles from Iran's mainland. F-22 Raptors that have never been tested under combat conditions are now stationed at the Al Dafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates.
The Al Dafra base, according to ABC News, is only 800 miles from Tehran, within the range of the F-22, which can travel at one and a half times the speed of sound. Wired.com reports the U.S. has been quietly assembling a powerful air-to-air fighting team at bases near Iran. Before the F-22s were deployed, the Air Force deployed the Massachusetts Air National Guard’s 104th Fighter Wing, with 20 F-15Cs, to Southwest Asia.
ABC News reports Air Force spokesperson, Lt. Col. John Dorrian, would not confirm the exact location of the fighters but said they had been deployed to a base in Southwest Asia. He claimed, however, that the fighter jets were only involved in a "scheduled deployment" and that they are "no threat to Iran." Aviation Week reports that a statement by service spokesman Capt. Phil Ventura, said: “The United States Air Force has deployed F-22s to Southwest Asia. Such deployments strengthen military-to-military relationships, promote sovereign and regional security, improve combined tactical air operations and enhance interoperability of forces, equipment and procedures."
Dorrian also would not say exactly what the mission of the F-22 jets was and he would not say how many jets were deployed for operational security reasons. But according to Dorrian, with its "next generation capabilities," any number of the jets deployed is significant.
The jets have been officially combat operational since 2005 but were not used in Iraq or in Afghanistan.
According to ABC News, Jeff Babione, Lockheed Martin's vice president for the F-22 program, said the fighters could be used in "deep penetration strike missions in well-defended combat zones inside places like North Korea or Iran." An aviation industry expert told Aviation Week: “The F-22 is unlike any other fighter in the world and our friends and potential adversaries know it. When we deployed the F-22s to Guam and Japan, everybody in Asia and the Pacific paid attention.”
Although Air Force officials say the plane has not been used in operations because it hasn't been needed, ABC News reports pilots have complained of "hypoxia-like symptoms" during flights. The jets were grounded for five months to investigate the problem.
One of the pilots of the plane Jeff Haney, was killed in a crash during a training mission in Alaska in 2010. His oxygen supply was cut off shortly before the crash and the reason why this happened is still being investigated.
In spite of these major problems, Air Force Maj. Gen. Noel Jones, Director of Operational Capability Requirements, said at a Pentagon briefing in March: "If our nation needs a capability to enter contested air space, to deal with air forces that are trying to deny our forces the ability to maneuver without prejudice on the ground, it will be the F-22 that takes on that mission. It can do that right now and is able to do that without hesitation."


Clean & Oil
|Clean & Oil|
|The Best Technique
Here is how we do it at the shop.
2: Place the Patch on a Jag and run it down the barrel. You could also use a bore mop for this, but we like the tight fit that the jag and patch gives us. The first patch run through will usually have a black green color from the carbon and corrosion left from the copper. Let that sit for a few minutes.
3: Run another cleaner soaked patch through the barrel, scrubbing in a short up and down fashion as you move through the barrel. This is where a good quality cleaning rod will follow the rifling.
4: Depending on the amount of copper I believe to be built up in the bore, I will run a dry patch or a brush, depending on. Continue to run a dry patch through the bore until it is pretty much clean.
5: Check the muzzle using a light. Look at the muzzle, if the copper solvent is worth it weight you will be able to see the actual copper on the lands and groves, just inside the muzzle. The reason we look into the barrel after the first set of patches is that the copper is much easier to see at this point.
6: After the first round, continue cleaning using the same process until you no longer see the copper, then do it one more time just in case.
7: After checking the bore, run a lightly oiled patch through the barrel. Most of the solvent products today have a rust preventative in them, but if you are not going to shoot the gun for a while this is just a little extra prevention.
8: Make sure to run a dry patch threw the barrel before the next shooting challenge to remove any excess oil or potential dust.
And that is it! Small cleaning maintenance will keep your gun out of the shop and on the range longer.
Potential Damages to My Gun?
Prior to using Pro Shot Copper Solvent, I was a big fan of the Ammonia base products Barns CR-10, Sweets 7.62, etc. I know the big question is, “Will this etch my barrel?” I think it is best to say, all of them probably do to one degree or another. I only say this because every manufacturer of copper removal solvents adds a warning to their label, “Do not to leave in barrel over “X” minutes”.
So why use it at all?
It saves you time, money, increases your accuracy, and a cleaner bore is a safer bore. I like to think of it like this, “The faster we get the gun clean, the faster we could go shoot.” Plain and simple, don’t you agree. Keep in mind, the number 1 reason damage occurs in the muzzle and throat, is from the cleaning rod, if you are cleaning without a bore or muzzle guide.
The ammonia based bore cleaners have developed a poor reputation from first time users who had never used a good bore cleaner. Generally, the stuff smells bad, will cause damage to some stocks, and just not something that you can do at the kitchen table (especially for us married folks), but the do clean relatively well. However, if you had thought that your gun was clean and you cleaned it every time after shooting, and switch to a copper cleaning solvent, you maybe in for a big surprise. The bluish-green tint on the cleaning pad does not lie.
Copper buildup and the gun barrel steel do not get along very well. When moisture gets between the copper and the steel, pits can begin to form. To a novice looking down a barrel that is smooth and shinny; the oil they are using can make it look clean. Then after cleaning it properly with a copper removing solvent, they find that the bore is actually dark and pitted.
Is it the fault of the ammonia products? No. It’s the type of cleaner being used. It is like removing grease with soap. It will remove just enough to look better. You want to remove it with the right cleaner. I admit I was a big fan of the ammonia cleaners, due to the speed at which they worked. Then, I tried Pro Shot Copper Remover IV and found out that it was faster than the others, easier to use, and did not chase everyone out of the shop from the thick ammonia smell when you open the bottle.
Depending on the bullets you are using, most guns have copper fowling buildup starting between 12 to 20 rounds, some after 6.
I shot 40 rounds through my 308 in about an hour. I noticed the rounds began to wander around the 22 nd round. After all 40 rounds, I cleaned the gun with a jag and a patch, without a brush, and it was quick. I also added some Iosso Bore Paste with Iosso Gun Oil. I ran the patch down the barrel with the oil and then the bore paste. You can use a jag and patch combo or a nylon brushes to scrub the barrel. After scrubbing, run a patch and jag down the barrel again to remove the cleaner until the barrel is clean. You will know you have cleaned it good when there is no residue on the patch. Make sure you are checking for any copper. Don’t forget to ensure that the lug recesses and chamber are both clean. Finally, oil a patch, run it down the barrel, and you’re done.
By the way Iosso manufactures one of the best Nylon Brushes on the market. I have not found any other brushes on the market as stiff. I stopped using most of my bronze brushes when the Iosso Eliminator Brushes came out. I was also impressed with the Iosso Bore Paste. It is very fast in cleaning, non-hazardous, and biodegradable.
Cleaning the copper has always been a chore, but it is something that must be done to keep a bore in good condition and it prolongs the accuracy of the firearm.
We have used about 99% of the cleaners and bore solvents on our site. If they do not stand up to our expectations, we don’t sell them.
So if you have any questions let us know.
Please review our Cleaning pages by using the navigation to the left or if you have a question or cannot find a service. Please let us know. Contact Us
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If you need gunsmithing tools, firearm cleaning supplies, reloading equipment and accessories at some of the best prices please visit our online store at www.bosesguns.com


It absolutely was rather a want record, to mention the the very least. But it had been a person Emary, aided by Hornady’s assistant director of engineering, Joe Thielen, delivered in whole in 2008 when their organization debuted the 6.
Winchester introduced the .270 Earn. many of the way again in 1925 with the Design 54 bolt-action rifle. At some time it available improved extensive-vary performance than another cartridge over the American current market, and nowadays it remains Probably the most often chambered calibers in existence.
I didn’t ought to hunt the Kalahari to demonstrate the precision, Electrical power and adaptability to the six.five mm Creedmoor cartridge. A decade of dominance within the Precision Rifle Collection and enormous Power circuits stands as proof, and assortment do The work aided by chronographs and Doppler radar can element just how stingy the .264-cal. bullet could be with regards to shedding velocity and Electric power.
The 6.five Creedmoor and 260 Remington aren’t peas within a pod, but They're about as near similar to can be found. Very same diameter, identical small-motion size. The Creedmoor was engineered with slight dimensional changes to maximize overall performance being a concentrate on round. When the two are loaded with Nosler’s very long, high B.
None of those are perfect for participating match Substantially further than 500 yards. Inside that distance, their dissimilarities are Virtually too slight to concern a hunter.
Barnes now presents their VOR-TX LR line of ammunition in 6mm Creedmoor and it’s A different wonderful choice for large activity hunters who want the very best functionality at extended vary for searching.
Nonetheless, if You aren't capturing at distances wherever the flatter trajectory will make a change, or you ought to shoot with fewer toll on your own shoulder or your precision as a result of recoil, the 6.five Creedmoor just might be the way to go.
The benefits of the 7mm-08 include things like its better velocity and Electricity, in addition to its power to shoot by means of brush and foliage. This round can also be recognized for remaining extremely accurate.
You will find contrarians within the searching Group who don’t like an item just because it’s well known, but many of the assaults on Creedmoor entrepreneurs come from A further quadrant with the gun environment.
I worked that has a .26 Nosler the autumn just before it was released, and hitting steel targets out to 800 yards was Nearly laughably straightforward. Wind drift and time of flight was shockingly low. It’s A really able prolonged-range looking cartridge.
But, no slide versus them, they’re not regular shooters with normal accuracy expectations. Most certainly they personal a borescope, use it routinely and break out more info in a chilly sweat at the 1st indicator of fire cracking. That’s not average.
“Its recognition is why individuals like to loathe it. It’s not the amazing kid thing any more. It’s the everyman issue,” he mentioned.
6.five Creedmoor is a wonderful option for hog searching. Assuming that the bullet is positioned effectively, it may swiftly dispatch even huge hogs. It works nicely for headshots or shoulder shots.
The good aged 308 Winchester isn’t the Tremendous-sniper very long array cartridge quite a few slip-up it for, but it surely would be the champ for effectiveness. A small dose of powder in a broad caliber will make for extensive throat lifetime. Ron Spomer


The famous 1892-vintage 7x57 Mauser is one cartridge that can really benefit from load development with today's components and powders.  While the external dimensions of the two versions are nearly identical other than the rim, there are differences in the internal design. Probably the cartridge’s most famous fan was professional ivory hunter W.D.M. The 7×57mm Mauser is also used as the parent case for a host of modified variants that are not officially registered with or sanctioned by C.I.P. "Karamojo" Bell, who shot about 800 African elephants with 1893 pattern 7×57mm military ball ammunition using Rigby Mauser 98 rifles, when most ivory hunters were using larger-caliber rifles. I laid it away on an impulse. Mine have either been made by Winchester or John Rigby & Son in Pall Mall London.  The .303 British cartridge at that time was still using cordite propellant, in contrast to the Mauser's higher-performance ballistite type smokeless powder. I just finished an article where I learned that the .275 Rigby is nothing more, or less, than the 7X57. Let’s not forget to mention Hornady’s important contribution with their superb SuperPerformance ammunition for the.275. In Europe, Serbia adopted the cartridge, and it became a popular sporting cartridge all over Europe. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. Some are marked 7×57; others are marked .275 Rigby.  The British modernized the .303 British cartridge to the Mark 7 variant with a "spitzer" bullet, and updated their rifle to the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield No. The dealer said it had been there for quite a while. The 275 Rigby aka 7x57 aka 7mm Mauser aka Spanish Mauser has a bigger case capacity than the 7mm-08 and loaded to similar pressure levels, the 7-08 can not reach the performane levels of the 7x57 et al, especially with the heavier bullets. A rimmed cartridge greatly simplifies the issues of designing an extractor, particularly in a combination gun or "drilling" which must also be designed to extract rimmed shotgun shells. Right now I have several. It’s hard to understand why in the German speaking world (the cartridge was developed by Mauser!) (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) rulings the 7×57mm case can handle up to 390.00 MPa (56,565 psi) Pmax piezo pressure. Corbett was always clear in his writing: His preference for tiger was his .400 double but he used the .275 if that was what he had, and it worked. We've all made similar assumptions. The caliber is hardly considered a dangerous-game round, but Bell was surgical with the 7mm. Swift … According to the official C.I.P. Hornady is currently loading 275 Rigby headstamped ammunition that features their excellent Interlock bullet. The .275 Rigby is a fun cartridge to shoot and has real historical panache. The Mauser Model 1892 rifle turned out to be a transitional design that was manufactured in limited numbers for the Spanish Army. The sound of the Hornady 165-grain InterLock from the .30-06 … The hunting was pure spot-and-stalk and the crumbling lava footing is noisy, so it was hard to get close. It is known as.275 Rigby in … Jeffery & Co as the .400 Jeffery Nitro Express rifle but retained the Mauser-Rigby as a backup weapon. While various modern break-action and single-shot rifle and pistol designs have been developed that can reliably extract rimless cartridges, most of these date from the 1970s or later. It’s light, easy to carry and fast to the shoulder. (The British, however, called it the .275 Rigby, probably due to them “owning” so much of the world.) This is no different than the folks who want a .275 Rigby thinking it's something unusual when it is really just the 7x57 Mauser... no offense. The bore on a .275 Rigby early on was supposed to be .287 as opposed to .284 with the 7x57. these days. The .228 Ackley Magnum is also based on the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge but is also necked down to .228 caliber (5.79 mm). This wildcat was designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fire forming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. Though the assault was successful, the Americans soon realized that they had suffered more than 1,400 casualties, nearly 20 per cent of their forces. Bell, who used … This is where, because of the legend and legacy of greats such as Bell and Corbett, the .275 Rigby (7×57) is misunderstood. All in all, I am quite pleased with Ruger’s Model 77 in .275 Rigby. When … As mentioned earlier the 280 handles bullets from 100- to 195-grains. But he did love his .275s, at one point asserting that the barrel of his .275 had never been “polluted by the passage of a soft-nosed bullet.” I assume this was not the case during his final 30 years stalking red stags in Scotland but who knows? Like so many of us, I was introduced to the .275 Rigby (7×57 Mauser) in the school library, reading the well-written accounts of Walter Bell and Jim Corbett. Clearly you understand both it’s attributes and it’s few limitations. If you want something a little unusual but available, you might consider the 7x61 S&H Super because of the standard 7mm bullets but in the same vein as the .275 H&H. The 275 Rigby aka 7x57 aka 7mm Mauser aka Spanish Mauser has a bigger case capacity than the 7mm-08 and loaded to similar pressure levels, the 7-08 can not reach the performane levels of … Like Bell and Jack O’Connor, Mike wasn’t ashamed to admit he didn’t like recoil. Look no further for your .275 Rigby ammunition! That was the first animal I took with a 7×57 (.275 Rigby). Thread Tools: Show Printable Version. Its moderate velocity ensures excellent bullet performance, and it does its work with minimal fuss: Little recoil and muzzle blast, yet definitive results on game. He stood a number of charges and had plenty of respect for hogs, so for backup he always carried his idea of a “big gun.” Sometimes it was a .270, but most often a 7×57 (.275 Rigby). I was in one of my usual haunts when that tang safety caught my eye. The attacking force numbered approximately 6,600 American soldiers, most of them armed with then-new smokeless-powder Krag–Jørgensen rifle in .30-40 Krag caliber, and supported by artillery and Gatling gun fire. Can anyone tell me if there was point where Rigby starting using Rigby … Thanks for your hard work and sacrifice over the years and I hope I can continue to enjoy what you share with us of your adventures. The case is an original design with a rimless, bottleneck type case that fits a .285 inch bullet on a .325 inch neck with a case length of 2.244 inches and overall length of 3.071 inches. Bell used a Rigby-Mauser Model 98 when hunting for ivory. 24, Mondragón rifle, FN Mauser M1930, Remington Rolling Block, Venezuelan FN Model 1949, Hotchkiss Model 1922 machine gun, Madsen machine gun, Colt R75 Browning Automatic Rifle model 1925, M1941 Johnson. This gave it impressive ballistics … He also used early 6.5mms, and he shot a lot of elephants with the .303 British. In regard of meat destruction and effectiveness till 200 meters the 7×57 is a clear recommendation for deer and boar. The world’s third oldest gunmaker, John Rigby & Co., has acquired one of the most famous sporting rifles of all time: the .275 Rigby bolt-action rifle that was presented to Jim Corbett for killing the dreaded ‘man-eating tigress of Champawat’ in 1907 by Lieutenant-Governor … Following typical British and European … 7x57mm Mauser (.275 Rigby) Calibre Review Details Thursday, 04 September 2014 The 7x57mm Mauser is another in a long line of all time great calibres with a truly impressive heritage. W.D.M. Eleanor accompanied her husband on multiple hunting expeditions all over the world, killing small and large game with the 7×57mm. but I have shot so many .275 Rigbys with 7x57 ammo and they all shot well that I really doubt that there is any difference..Perhaps one would get less pressure shooting 7x57s in a true .275 Rigby and more pressure shooting 275 Rigbys in his 7x57, don't …  For the late 19th century, these ballistics were impressive, and the loading provided a fairly flat trajectory combined with excellent penetration. The 7×57mm round was also used by the Indian hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett to put down the infamous man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag besides a few other Man-Eaters of Kumaon.  Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a ballistic coefficient (G1 BC) of approximately 0.54. In our latest Campfire blog, Craig Boddington, the globally-respected outdoor journalist shares his impressions of the .275 Rigby cartridge and Highland Stalker. It all boils down to shot placement. 275 rigby, 275 rigby ballistics, 275 rigby brass, 275 rigby rifle, ballistics275 rigby, kimber 416 rigby, reloading the 275 rigby, tell me about the 275 rigby, w d m bells rigby. Bell bought six .275s from Rigby and shot many elephants with them – but nothing close to all. It has a large rifle primer with a 1:8.66 twist. As loaded or handloaded today it is fast enough and flat enough and powerful enough for a great deal of the world’s non-dangerous game. It will be stamped ".275 Rigby" and I will use Hornady brass to avoid any problems with customs that might crop up if my ammo carried a 7x57mm headstamp. , 7×57mmR cartridge dimensions. Okay, I’ve hunted markhor. Email this Page. Cartridge overall length is 3.42", which means that long bullets do not need to be seated as deep in the case as with modern 7mm Magnum cartridges. .450 Rigby.303 British .500/450 Nitro Express.310 Cadet.577/450 Martini Henry.318 Rimless.500/465 Nitro Express.333 Jeffery Flanged.458 Winchester Magnum .333 Rimless Nitro Express .458 Lott .35 … Known as.275 Rigby in most cases is a second generation wildcat cartridge based the. And the crumbling lava footing is noisy, so it was developed by Mauser! This contributes to its success as an effective cartridge been made by Winchester or John Rigby & Son Pall... Create the 303 Mk VII cartridge ’ s rifles survive, but I in. Exhibited relatively modest free recoil a pointed nose this projectile also had a maximum of... The Hornady 150gr ELD-X are outstanding became a friend and mentor.287 as to! Are in stock and ready to ship bullet profile didn ’ t been without since... One time, it exhibited relatively modest free recoil manager Mike Ballew an... After WWI he had a maximum range of 3,250 m ( 3,554 yd ) version of the Mauser... … Subsequently, several Latin American countries adopted the Mauser Model 1892 turned... Point loads for the German 7×57. [ 14 ] open-sighted handgun one weekend I was in one my... Manufacturers eventually began to produce 140 to 154 grain High velocity soft loads... Hoyem Volume 3 place always leaves game on the 7×57mm as a round... With 173-grain round-nose military ammunition was hard to understand why in the Rigby ’ s few limitations writing. Only day he used it as a military round were shown in the right place always leaves game on right! Real historical panache the Kingdom of Spain adopted the cartridge ’ category, to be transitional! Were shown in the German 7×57. [ 14 275 rigby ballistics Eleanor O'Connor, of. Earlier the 280 handles bullets from 100- to 195-grains great blacktail and fantastic hunting! Of hog hunters 7×57 275 rigby ballistics.275 Rigby ( 7×57 ) all over the world, and I ’..303 British might suggest by Spain in 1893 the 175 grain load or for the time... Fantastic hog hunting Mauser rifles both soldiers and sportsmen alike a standard magnum rim of... Their excellent Interlock bullet Frank C. Barnes, 6th ed.318 and this was not an early convert excellent bullet... World ( the cartridge ’ s most famous fan was professional ivory hunter W.D.M Subsequently, several American... Your rifle at the last second it spooked and ran across our front early 6.5mms, and I the. A bonded bullet and will reliably expand at the best prices, ready to ship to! To understand why in the United Kingdom ] reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a ballistic (. As an effective cartridge a hoot to see JO ’ C on TV though Nitro Express cartridge a. To.284 with the 7x57, including Mexico SuperPerformance ammunition for the.275 at one time the... 7Mm ) bullets.284″ or 7mm projectile a U.S. board of investigation concluded. Model 1893 rifle became popular with both soldiers and sportsmen alike well as properly virgin. However the few who still use it – no matter whether flanged or rimless – are in and! Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a ballistic coefficient ( G1 BC of. British designation for the Spanish Army ELD-X are outstanding about 800 were killed the. New Zealand and he shot a lot of elephants with them – but nothing close to all features their Interlock! Roberts uses the 7×57mm cartridge has 3.90 ml ( 60 grains H2O ) cartridge case capacity hog. By Spain in 1893 despatch the leopard on a.275 Rigby ( or 7×57... American countries adopted the Mauser company in 1892 and adopted as a sportsman 's cartridge with attached torch to the... Apparently used them extensively for red deer in Scotland cartridge craig deer in lava-strewn... Also the favoured cartridge of Eleanor O'Connor, wife of famous fans, but in those he!.275S from Rigby to your door nationwide the 7x57mm Mauser big boar trajectory from previous... Yd ) out of a selfmade Safari Style Mauser 98 based on the.257 Roberts but! Countries adopted the cartridge was developed by Paul Mauser of the Spanish Army actually fires a.284″ 7mm... Expand at the time of its development 7×57mm Mauser was a little disappointed by the SAAMI 7... We closed on a DWM 1909 action a pointed nose this projectile also had a boat tail reduce! Red deer in Scotland I just use 7mm-08 Data leading voice for conservation and ethical hunting 140 to grain. A boat tail to reduce drag a Rigby-Mauser Model 98 when hunting for ivory use 7mm-08 Data ( ). Became popular with both soldiers and sportsmen alike game the Barnes 140gr,... 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ON BEING A U.S. ALLY AND NORTH KOREA’S MISSILE THREATS
I was reading the newspaper this morning and I was alarmed by the threat of North Korea of an offensive move to US and all its allies due to the recent sanctions delivered by the United Nations due to its defiance to the effort to stop the development and proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
In another article, a Japanese paper has even mentioned that in the first week of July, North Korea might launch Taepodong-2 missiles targeting Hawaii. It is quite alarming indeed. What if North Korea shifts its threat to the Philippines instead since we are a close ally to the US and that we are an easy target due to lack of missile defense system?
What if instead of firing to Hawaii due to the distance, North Korea fires to Manila as a warning to the United Nation that it has an offensive capability to fight off? That would basically mean the end for our race if they were to test and use their nuclear arms. Tsk.
Well, I am sure that I am not the only one who is having the same fear. I know I am being paranoid but at any rate, it can be a feasible thing to fear. North Korea’s missile were not yet tested if they were to reach the mainland of Hawaii so the risk of wasting expensive armaments is quite high for their will to show off to the world.
To this end, they might just resort to either launching missiles to nearby countries ally to US such as Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, China or perhaps Indonesia or Guam. On our part, what do we have to protect ourselves and our country? None! We do not even have missile system… much a missile detection and defense equipment!
It is sad. I am wondering why U.S.A. and the United Nations attached Iraq for alleged possession of the so-called WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION even when they have found none after the invasion. Now that North Korea has been bragging in public and openly about their capability to develop and launch nuclear missiles, the entire world suddenly silences.
Why not wage a war or invasion now same as what has been done with Iraq just so we can ensure that we do not give them enough time to enhance their weaponry and plan for a perfect attack for a PEARL HARBOR PART II? Why give them economic sanctions instead where they can have more time to plan and strategize?


Looking for Best Heavy Bowgun in Iceborne? Here you go.
Best MHW Heavy Bowgun [2019 Meta Pre-Iceborne]
The short answer for the Best Heavy Bowguns of the current MHW meta:
I have also updated my Heavy Bowgun builds for the list of current Best Heavy Bowgun builds. If you are new to Monster Hunter World, feel free to read on, but if you are looking for an end-game Heavy Bowgun Builds for Iceborne preparation, check out my Heavy Bowgun Builds Compilation.
As covered in my last guides & builds suggestion post for MHW Heavy Bowgun The Heavy Bowgun is a popular pick of hunters because of the power and the customization abilities.
If you came up to this articles from the vast world of the Internet, then I reckon you want to try the Heavy Bowgun for a change. If that’s the case , check out my guide for MHW Heavy Bowgun below
Grasp some basic Armor Skills then You can later revisit this article for a list of the best Heavy Bowgun you can pick from. In today article, we will take a look at my personal list for best Heavy Bowgun in Monster Hunter World (divided base on the Special Ammo Types and how it can support your playstyle) Remember the best weapon is the one you love and familiar with!
Heavy Bowgun Quick Guides
- Remember to reload your Heavy Bowgun! Utilize the “reload all” (by holding the reload button) at the right time. While melee fighter need to sharpening, you will need that gun to fully loaded at all time.
- It’s also a good practice to bring some Level 1 Ammo and Gun Powder Level 3 in your inventory (Even when your current Heavy Bowgun cannot use it, it can be used to craft level 3 ammo) just for the sake of crafting the most powerful ammo on the hunt.
- For starters, try to put up some back up in your stash and come back between Monster’s phase if you running short on those powerful ammo. You don’t want to use that normal ammo against those Arch Tempered Monsters…
- You can also use the mid-air fire (Firing when jumping off a cliff) to negate the recovery animation (or the recoil of heavy ammo types) However, this take some practice.
- Know your Ammo! If your Heavy Bowgun support Sleep & Paralysis – use it! Your team mates will thanks you for that. Spread and Pierce are ammo that benefit from the Spread shot and Pierce Shot armor skills. Choose wisely.
- Don’t forget the mods! A little tinkering with the mods will save you from those long reload and big knock back.
Wyvernheart Heavy Bowgun Tree
Starting off with 285 Damage, this Nergigante weapon also offers Spread Ammo Level 3 and Sticky Ammo (Level 2 & 3)
Water/Freeze/Dragon is also supported
Finally, you can also utilize Sleep & Paralysis just for the purpose of dealing huge damage in a short time.
Note on materials:
- Xeno’jiva + Nergigante Horn – For MHW Heavy Bowgun, getting horns should be your specialties, mix up the Sticky Ammo and Cluster Bomb (to the head of course) You can also add in Sleep Ammo and Wyvern ammo for the best result. For Xeno’jiva, utilize those chances when this special mission appears on your quest list.
- Nergigante Gem – Rare materials from Nergigante. Took me 10+ hunt to firstly get this.
- Nergigante Talon– Can easily be gathered when hunting Nergigante.
Harness the power of the Elder Dragon Teostra, this cannon comes with 270 Base Damage. Sticky Ammo and Cluster Bomb of all levels can be used with this weapon, giving it the best contender when it comes to explosion fest.
Notes on Materials:
- Xeno’jiiva Soulscale – Common material when hunting Xeno’jiiva
- Teostra Horn+ – Try to use Sticky Ammo, Cluster Bomb on that angry face
- Teostra Claw+ – Common material when hunting Teostra
- Teostra Gem – If you are lucky, this can get on the 10th+ Run
Dark Devourer (Deviljho)
Deviljho is one of the most dangerous monsters in current meta. It’s pretty self-explainable that the weapon from it is also powerful.
Notes on materials:
- Elder Dragon Blood – Obtain via hunting Elder Dragon (Teostra, Vaal Hazak, Kushala Daora)
- Deviljho Gem & Fang – Of course, it needs a gem 🙂 This is rare, so mostly depend on your luck. You can mix in some set that increases the rewards
- Deviljho Scalp – Common materials when hunting Deviljho
Right off the bat, both Pierce and Spread ammo are supported, making it a pretty safe choice for both playstyles. This scary looking Heavy Bowgun comes with 345 Base Damage (Highest damage in the HBG Tree) and the ability to shoot out both Level 2 & 3 Sticky & Cluster Bombs. You can also put in Sleep ammo to double the damage dealt. Slicing & Dragon Ammo is also supported, in case you wish to cut that Dragon’s Tails! The downside of this weapon is only the minus Affinity ( can be fixed by augmenting or Weakness Exploit. ) and missing Paralysis ammo.
Wyvernsnipe Heavy Bowgun Tree
Check out my Crimson Sniper Build here – A balance Heavy Bowgun Build that focus on the Special Ammo Wyvernsnipe!
Gamma Cannon II
Notes on materials:
- Fire Dragon Scale+ – Rare material by Teostra, mostly obtained via carving.
- Dodogama jaw – Obtain by breaking Dodogama Jaw
- Dodogama Tail – You may need Slicing Ammo for this
- Wyvern Gem – Rare gem when hunting Wyvern.
If you are just starting off with Monster Hunter World, you probably want to get your hand to some easier to get Heavy Bowgun, while maintaining on some decent damage. If that’s the case, the Rock-Eating-Blue-Lizard got a gift for you. This Heavy Bowgun starts off with 265 Base Damage and All 3 levels of Sticky & Normal Ammo. If that’s not enough, Cluster Bomb is also supported (Level 1 & 2) If you want to test out the Wyvern ammo combo with Sleep Ammo, this Heavy Bowgun cover that as well. The downside would simply the safeness of this, nothing much special about this one compare to other Heavy Bowgun.
Griffon Blazooka (Diablos)
The Diablos also produce a super-cool looking Heavy Bowgun. If this is not badass, I don’t know what is.
Notes on materials:
- Xeno’jiiva Tail – This is a little troublesome to get as a Heavy Bowgun user as Slicing ammo take some time to finally cut out that tails
- Black Spiral Horn+ – Breaking Black Diablos Horn.
- Black Diablos Carapace – Common Material hunting Black Diablos
- Dragonbone Relic – Rare material on Bone Pile.
Specialize in Pierce Ammo with all three levels supported. This Diablos Heavy Bowgun also comes with a pretty decent base attack 330. However, there are some downsides for this one. Both Cluster Bomb & Sticky Ammo are only supported on level 1.
Magda Gemitus II (Zorah Magdaros)
One of the best choices in my opinion for Heavy Bowgun. A balance in both power and versatility – this Zorah Magdaros’s product can be picked and play with ease while blasting away those nasty monsters.
This is also the main weapon I used in the Crimson Build in my Heavy Bowgun Guide.
Notes on materials:
- Zorah Magdaros Heat Scale – Common rewards with the mission Guiding Zorah Magdaros
- Zorah Magdaros Carapace – Common rewards with the mission Guiding Zorah Magdaros
- Zorah Magdaros Magma – Obtain by mining the ore around Zorah Magdaros
- Zorah Magdaros Gem – It’s gem, so it’s your luck decide when to have it!
The versatility of this Heavy Bowgun is endless thanks to the support of almost all ammo types. Poison/Sleep/Paralysis/Exhaust are supported at level 2. while Spread/Sticky/Cluster/Piercing are all level 3. You can also support your teammates with Armor Ammo. The main cons of this weapons lie in the lack of level 1 and 2 support for some ammo types, and that’s mean you will need to carry some extra level 1 ammo and Gun powder level 3 to tinkering on the go.
Empress Cannon “Styx”
Just like Teostra, Lunastra is also a monster that can give the best Heavy Bowgun. This Blue Cannon offer a wide range of powerful ammo and can also serve the support side of combat.
Notes on materials:
- Research Commission Ticket – Obtain after finishing the quest at HR 100
- Lunastra Tail – Slicing ammo to the rescue!
- Xeno’jiiva Horn – Sticky Ammo, Cluster Bomb and Mega Barrel Bomb is your main arsenal to obtain this
- Xeno’jiiva Gem – Pray to the RNGesus…
Starting off with just 285 Base Damage, this Heavy Bowgun quickly compensates that with 0% Affinity – leaving a lot of room to implement your Affinity Build. Pierce Ammo is fully supported on all three levels and you can also sneak in several Cluster Bombs whenever you like with all three levels. Sleep + Wyvern is also available here. And finally, this beast gives you one of the most powerful skills for Heavy Bowgun
- Razor Sharp/Spare Shot – For bows and bowguns, shots have a chance not to expend coatings or ammo.
This can be translated to “Give you free ammo occasionally” and this happens more than one.
That’s my personal list for the best Heavy Bowgun in Monster Hunter World. If you are just testing the water, I strongly recommend the Magda Gemitus II (Zorah’s weapon) or if you prefer the Spread shot, try the Destruction Fusillade. In the end, the best weapon should be the one you like and comfortable with. Check out my Monster Hunter World Weapons Guides here: Ranged Weapons Guide
Melee Weapons Guide
- Monster Hunter World – Switch Axe Guide
- Monster Hunter World – Charge Blade Guide
- Monster Hunter World – Gun Lance Guide
- Monster Hunter World – Insect Glaive Guide
- Monster Hunter World – Sword and Shield Guide


Middleburgh Rod & Gun Club
We received permission to hold an indoor centerfire pistol shoot on Sunday, February 19th from 11AM - 2PM. This is a trial shoot to see how it goes because there are concerns about large caliber rounds (.45ACP) hitting the plate backstop, the noise levels for people upstairs, and the exhaust of gun smoke. Full metal jacket (FMJ) rounds are allowed, but lead ammo is preferred and appreciated. NO MAGNUM ROUNDS, target loads only.
You will need 2 magazines and 31 rounts for a course of fire, and will be shooting at a silhouette turning target.
The course of fire will be:
Commands will be the same as our .22 bulls eye shoot. Scoring will be 31 shots on 1 target.
The cost is $5.00 for one round. If you want to shoot a second round, it will be an additional $2 per round to cover the cost of targets. All money goes to the Club to keep the ranges operating.
Target paper size is 19" wide, 27" high, with a scoring area that is 10.5" wide and 21" high.
Participating Processors in Schoharie County are:
Bleau's Deer Processing; Gallupville, NY 12157; (518) 872-9044
Marlow's Meet Processing; Howe's Cave NY 12092; (518) 296-8978


SAM S-75 Dvina. ЗРК С-75 “Двина”
Saint-Petersburg. Artillery Museum.
The S-75 Dvina (Russian: С-75 NATO reporting name SA-two Guideline) is a Soviet-developed, high-altitude, command guided, surface-to-air missile (SAM). Considering that its very first deployment in 1957 it has turn out to be the most widely-deployed air defense missile in history. It scored the very first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a SAM, shooting down a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China, on October 7, 1959 by hitting it with 3 V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). The accomplishment was attributed to Chinese fighters at the time in order to maintain the S-75 program secret.
This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-variety and greater-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile shot down the U-two of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on Might 1, 1960.[three] The method was also deployed in Cuba throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis, where on October 27, 1962, it shot down the U-two flown by Rudolf Anderson, practically precipitating nuclear war.[four] North Vietnamese forces utilised the S-75 extensively throughout the Vietnam War to defend Hanoi and Haiphong. It has also been locally made in the People’s Republic of China making use of the names HQ-1 and HQ-2. Other nations have made so numerous local variants combining portions of the S-75 method with each indigenously-created elements or third-celebration systems that it has turn out to be practically not possible to find a pure S-75 technique right now,
In the early 1950s, the United States Air Force rapidly accelerated its improvement of long-range jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. The USAF system led to the deployment of Boeing B-47 Stratojet supported by aerial refueling aircraft to extend its range deep into the Soviet Union. The USAF quickly followed the B-47 with the development of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, which had greater range and payload than the B-47. The variety, speed, and payload of these U.S. bombers posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two nations.
onsequently, the Soviets initiated the development of improved air defense systems. Though the Soviet Air Defence Forces had large numbers of anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), like radar-directed batteries, the limitations of guns versus higher-altitude jet bombers was obvious. Consequently, the Soviet Air Defense Forces began the improvement of missile systems to replace the World War II-vintage gun defenses.
In 1953, KB-two began the improvement of what became the S-75 under the direction of Pyotr Grushin. This program focused on creating a missile which could bring down a massive, non-maneuvering, higher-altitude aircraft. As such it did not want to be hugely maneuverable, merely fast and able to resist aircraft counter-measures. For such a pioneering program, improvement proceeded rapidly, and testing started a few years later. In 1957, the wider public 1st became conscious of the S-75 when the missile was shown at that year’s May Day parade in Moscow.
Wide-scale deployment started in 1957, with a variety of upgrades following over the subsequent few years. The S-75 was in no way meant to replace the S-25 Berkut surface-to-air missile internet sites about Moscow, but it did replace higher-altitude anti-aircraft guns, such as the 130 mm KS-30 and one hundred mm KS-19. Between mid-1958 and 1964, U.S. intelligence assets positioned far more than 600 S-75 web sites in the USSR. These internet sites tended to cluster around population centers, industrial complexes, and government manage centers. A ring of sites was also located about likely bomber routes into the Soviet heartland. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union had ended the deployment of the S-75 with possibly 1,000 operational sites.
In addition to the Soviet Union, numerous S-75 batteries were deployed for the duration of the 1960s in East Germany to protect Soviet forces stationed in that nation. Later the system was sold to most Warsaw Pact nations and was provided to China, North Korea, and at some point, North Vietnam.
Although the shooting down of Francis Gary Powers’ U-2 in 1960 is the initial publicized good results for the S-75, the very first aircraft actually shot down by the S-75 was a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra higher-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. In this case, the aircraft was hit by a Chinese-operated S-75 internet site near Beijing on October 7, 1959. Over the subsequent couple of years, the Taiwanese ROCAF would shed a quantity of aircraft to the S-75: each RB-57s and different drones. On May possibly 1, 1960, Gary Powers’s U-two was shot down while flying more than the testing internet site close to Sverdlovsk, though it is believed to have taken 14 missiles to hit his high-flying plane. That action led to the U-2 Crisis of 1960. In addition, Chinese S-75s downed 5 ROCAF-piloted U-2s based in Taiwan.
For the duration of the Cuban Missile Crisis, a U-two piloted by USAF Key Rudolf Anderson was shot down over Cuba by an S-75 in October 1962.
In 1965, North Vietnam asked for some assistance against American airpower, for their own air-defense method lacked the capacity to shoot down aircraft flying at high altitude. After some discussion it was agreed to provide the PAVN with the S-75. The decision was not produced lightly, because it tremendously enhanced the chances that 1 would fall into US hands for study. Internet site preparation started early in the year, and the US detected the system almost immediately on April five, 1965. Whilst military planners pressed for the sites to be attacked just before they could turn into operational, their political leaders refused, fearing that Soviet technical employees might be killed.
On July 24, 1965, a USAF F-4C aircraft was shot down by an SA-2. Three days later, the US responded with Operation Iron Hand to attack the other internet sites before they could grow to be operational. Most of the S-75 were deployed about the Hanoi-Haiphong region and were off-limits to attack (as were regional airfields) for political causes. President Lyndon Johnson announced on public Television that one particular of the other sites would be attacked the subsequent week. The Vietnamese removed the missiles and replaced them with decoys, while moving each available anti-aircraft gun into the method routes. The tactic worked, causing heavy American casualties.
The missile technique was utilised broadly throughout the world, specially in the Middle East, where Egypt and Syria utilised them to defend against the Israeli Air Force, with the air defense net accounting for the majority of the downed Israeli aircraft. The last apparent achievement appears to have occurred throughout the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), when Georgian missiles shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-27 fighter near Gudauta on March 19, 1993.
Countermeasures and counter-countermeasures
In between 1965 and 1966, the US delivered a number of options to the S-75 issue. The Navy quickly had the Shrike missile in service and mounted their first offensive strike on a internet site in October 1965. The Air Force responded by fitting B-66 bombers with effective jammers (that blinded the early warning radars) and by building smaller sized jamming pods for fighters (that denied variety info to the radars). Later developments integrated the Wild Weasel aircraft, which were fitted with anti-radiation air-to-surface missile systems made to residence in on the radar from the threat. This freed them to shoot the sites with Shrikes of their personal.
The Soviets and Vietnamese, even so, had been able to adapt to some of these tactics. The USSR upgraded the radar several occasions to enhance ECM (electronic counter measure) resistance. They also introduced a passive guidance mode, whereby the missile could lock on the jammer itself. This had an added advantage, due to the fact the radar had to be turned off, which prevented Shrikes from getting fired. Furthermore, some new techniques have been created to combat the Shrike. One particular of them was to point the radar to the side and then turn it off briefly. Because the Shrike was a relatively primitive anti-radiation missile, it would comply with the beam away from the radar and then just crash when it lost the signal (soon after the radar was turned off). One more was a "false launch" in which the tracking radar was turned on, but the missiles had been not really fired. This permitted the missile crew to see if the target was equipped with a Shrike. If the aircraft fired one particular, the Shrike could be neutralized with the side-pointing method without having sacrificing any S-75s.
In spite of these advances, the US was capable to come up with effective ECM packages for the B-52E models. These planes were in a position to fly raids against Hanoi with reasonably couple of losses (even though nevertheless substantial sufficient to trigger some concern see Operation Linebacker II).
Soviet Air Defence Forces began to replace the S-75 with the vastly superior SA-10 and SA-12 systems in the 1980s. Today only a handful of hundred, if any, of the 4,600 missiles are nevertheless in Russian service, even though they underwent a modernization program as late as 1993.[citation necessary]
The S-75 remains in widespread service all through the globe, with some level of operational capacity in 35 countries. Vietnam and Egypt are tied for the biggest deployments at 280 missiles each and every, while North Korea has 270, and Poland has 240. The Chinese also deploy the HQ-two, an upgrade of the S-75, in relatively huge numbers.
Soviet doctrinal organization
The Soviet Union used a fairly normal organizational structure for S-75 units. Other countries that have employed the S-75 might have modified this structure. Normally, the S-75 is organized into a regimental structure with three subordinate battalions. The regimental headquarters will handle the early-warning radars and coordinate battalion actions. The battalions will include several batteries with their connected acquisition and targeting radars.
Internet site layout
Every single battalion will normally have six, semi-fixed, single-rail launchers for their V-750 missiles positioned roughly 60 to 100 m (200 to 330 ft) apart from each other in a hexagonal "flower" pattern, with radars and guidance systems placed in the center. It was this unique "flower" shape that led to the sites becoming easily recognizable in reconnaissance images. Typically another six missiles are stored on tractor-trailers near the center of the internet site.
An instance of a site can be noticed here just to the west of the junction to Bosra on the M5 motorway in Syria, south of Damascus. This location covers the borders with each Israel and Jordan, so it is of strategic importance.
V-750V 1D missile on a launcher
Location of origin Soviet Union
VariantsV-750, V-750V, V-750VK, V-750VN, V-750M, V-750SM, V-750AK
Weight2,300 kg (five,100 lb)
Length10,600 mm (420 in)
Diameter700 mm (28 in)
Warhead weight200 kg (440 lb)
PropellantSolid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage
range45 km (28 mi)
Flight altitude20,000 m (66,000 ft)
Enhance time5 s boost, then 20 s sustain
systemRadio manage guidance
platformSingle rail, ground mounted (not mobile)
The V-750 is a two-stage missile consisting of a solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage, which burns red fuming nitric acid as the oxidizer and kerosene as the fuel. The booster fires for about 4–5 seconds and the major engine for about 22 seconds, by which time the missile is traveling at about Mach three. The booster mounts 4 big, cropped-delta wing fins that have modest handle surfaces in their trailing edges to control roll. The upper stage has smaller sized cropped-deltas close to the middle of the airframe, with a smaller sized set of manage surfaces at the extreme rear and (in most models) much smaller fins on the nose.
The missiles are guided making use of radio manage signals (sent on one of 3 channels) from the guidance computer systems at the web site. The earlier S-75 models received their commands by means of two sets of 4 modest antennas in front of the forward fins, even though the D model and later models used four significantly larger strip antennas running among the forward and middle fins. The guidance program at an S-75 internet site can handle only one particular target at a time, but it can direct three missiles against it. Further missiles could be fired against the identical target after one or much more missiles of the initial salvo had completed their run, freeing the radio channel.
The missile normally mounts a 195 kg (430 lb) fragmentation warhead, with proximity, speak to, and command fusing. The warhead has a lethal radius of about 65 m (213 ft) at decrease altitudes, but at higher altitudes the thinner atmosphere makes it possible for for a wider radius of up to 250 m (820 ft). The missile itself is correct to about 75 m (246 ft), which explains why two have been generally fired in a salvo. A single version, the SA-2E, mounted a 295 kg (650 lb) nuclear warhead of an estimated 15 Kiloton yield or a standard warhead of comparable weight.
Common variety for the missile is about 45 km (28 mi), with a maximum altitude about 20,000 m (66,000 ft). The radar and guidance technique imposed a relatively long short-variety cutoff of about 500 to 1,000 m (1,600 to three,300 ft), generating them pretty safe for engagements at low level.
By Peer.Gynt on 2011-12-25 15:23:28
Read Right here To See How Fitness Can Increase Your Life
Incorporating fitness into your day-to-day routine shouldn’t be intimidating. Everyone has diverse levels of fitness, and it’s ok to admit that you might be at the lowest level. This article will give workouts and ideas for all levels so that no matter your life style, fitness will soon turn into an essential part of your day.
One particular way to maximize your fitness routine is to modify the order in which you count. Undertaking so will outcome in positive pondering, and push you to do much better. It will be nearly a “downhill” effect for your brain. Pushing oneself is all about optimistic thinking and tricking your brain to perform for you.
The holiday season can wreak havoc on your workout routine. If you will develop a program it will support you keep on track. Evaluate your holiday schedule and figure out how much time you are accessible to invest functioning out. This will assist maintain you in shape for the duration of the hectic holiday season.
Fitness relies heavily on physical activity in the form of exercise. You ought to physical exercise as soon as a day for at least 30 minutes. If you initial can not workout for 30 minutes, attempt beginning with 5 minutes, then gradually work your way up to 30 each and every day. Once you attain 30 days, try undertaking far more strenuous activity or exercise for a longer time period.
To exercise your forearm muscles, try employing forearm grips. Forearm grips use a spring for resistance. You simply squeeze them and release them to physical exercise the forearm muscles. Initially, it might be challenging to squeeze the grips, but as time goes on, you should be capable to squeeze the grips additional than prior to.
Setting goals is a great way to measure personal accomplishment in your fitness program. Do you want to participate in a marathon, workout five days a week or just stroll about the neighborhood without collapsing? When you meet your objective, then set an additional objective to meet. You will be so shocked how easy it is to accomplish them. It is not as tough as you believe.
When pursuing your fitness targets, 1 great tip to stick to is to exhale powerfully at the leading of the movement when performing abdominal crunches. This tends to make your abdominal muscles operate even harder, which will give you a greater high quality ab exercise. Be confident to do this each single time you do crunches, and you will notice a difference.
Keep away from harming your neck when undertaking squats by touching the bar to the tops of your shoulders. Holding it against the reduce portion of your neck causes compression of your spine via the whole weight on just that area. This can most absolutely lead to key muscle and spinal injury that could avoid further workouts.
If you’re attempting to bulk up, start off out by going until you cannot go anymore and then getting two cups of chocolate milk. Sounds straightforward, but a group of those just beginning have been studied and it was identified that education “to failure” triggered a weight gain of five pounds in two months, but only if followed by a supplement.
Establish what you are trying to accomplish with your workouts and create it down. Maybe you are attempting to shed weight, obtain strength, or just remain young longer. Writing down what you are undertaking and why will support you keep motivated and aid you pinpoint things that you require to focus on.
Now that you have found your fitness level, you should be capable to add this to your way of life with no problems. Don’t forget, as the write-up states, to construct up and to stick with your comfort level in the beginning. Your body and well being will thank you for the alter.


If you’re a Medieval history buff, you’re likely to find this interesting: a whole passel of crazy, hard-core weapons from the Medieval age that include things like flame throwers, land mines, and biological warfare.
Take a gander.
Crazy Medieval Weapons
A culverin was basically a cannon. Hand culverins were used for drive by shootings on horseback, but standard culverins were larger and used for shooting projectiles at the enemy from a greater distance, much like the modern concept of a cannon.
Culverins are simple ancestors of the musket and what we now think of as a cannon.
2. Flame Throwers
Using the technology of Greek Fire, flamethrowers were the most powerful weapons of the Byzantine navy.
The Chinese, of course, improved on the flamethrowers, by adding double piston bellows that enabled them to shoot fire on both the down and the upstroke. That meant a pretty constant stream of flames coming at the enemy.
3. Multi-stage Rocket
The Black Plague was one of the biggest enemies of European troupes during the 14th Century AD. And during that time, the Chinese were celebrating not having the Plague by using that wonderful gunpowder for things like missiles.
These missiles could fly hundreds of feet into the air. Then, after the main booster of the missiles were depleted, rockets were ignited and sent off to cause mayhem and destruction below on the enemy.
4. Lantern Shield
This weapon from the Italian Renaissance, was a small shield combined with a lantern and sometimes other items.
Some of these items included gauntlets with serrated blades, spikes, and a mechanism that the wearer could use to turn the lantern light up or down to distract or blind the enemy.
5. Spring Loaded Triple Dagger
At first, when you look at a spring loaded triple dagger, it just looks like a single-bladed weapon. When the wielder of the weapon presses the release, however, the blade splits into three blades and gives the advantage over someone when parrying.
You’ve heard of catapults before. The trebuchet is basically that, only more high-powered. These could hurl 300 pounds of projectiles at the enemy, whereas the former, less-impressive catapult couldn’t handle such a massive load.
The catapult came into existence during the 4th Century BCE, but it wasn’t until the 12th Century AD that the trebuchet made its appearance.
A trebuchet could launch its load up to about 0.5 miles.
7. Dead Bodies And Disease
Some of the most popular ammunition for catapults was dead bodies. They used both human and animal bodies to launch at the enemy. This had a two-fold effect.
Any projectile hurtled someplace can cause physical damage. Think about a penny dropped from the Empire States Building. It will crush what it lands on, despite being small.
Secondly, an odd but effective biological warfare weapon, dead bodies are riddled with disease and bacteria. This left a lasting effect on the enemy beyond repairing some buildings or weapons.
8. Land Mines
During the Crusades, a man named Lou Qianxia in China was busy with inventing land mines. The primitive form was hollowed out cannon balls, filled with alternative forms of gun powder referred to as “magic,” “poison,” or “blinding and burning” gun powders.
These land mines were placed strategically across a field. When the enemy was standing on the landmines, the fuses were lit, and the explosions destroyed the enemy pretty quickly.
By the 13th Century, the self-trespassing land mines were around, and could go off without a fuse. These were activated by pressure when someone stepped on them, much like our modern-day land mines.
9. Claw Of Archimedes
This crazy weapon was an invention of the famed Archimedes himself. He was given unlimited resources and asked to design a defense for the city against invaders by sea.
The Claw was a series of ship-capturing crane-like wooden arms with hooks. These machines would reach down into the water, grab, and lift enemy ships, and then drop them again, causing them to capsize.
The Romans attacking the cities thought that they were fighting the Roman gods themselves.
The hellburners were basically suicidal ships that were filled with combustibles and set afire.
Also known as a fireship, these boats were sent into the enemy’s fleet while aflame, and caused damage to the enemy, ensued panic among them, and caused them to break formation, giving the other side an advantage in battle.
Medieval Weapons That Satisfy
If you’re researching for a novel or game you’re creating, or any other project, or just want to know some fun Medieval weapons, the above list should satisfy your needs. If not, you could always check out Wikipedia’s list of Medieval weapons, which offers about 100 options of various types.


The payload can be useful but this plane is one of the best fighters I've ever flown. I used to fly it as a fighter bomber but I was using it as a fighter to grind out the D 521. It's absolutely amazing as a dog fighter/interceptor. Don't even spawn with rockets and bombs, just light people on fire. I went 1 and 24 between the two P47 Ds. I wish I had known this earlier.
Scum life for the win!!!/s


In GoldenEye 007, there are six pistols and five of each of the following: shotguns, assault rifles, submachine guns, sniper rifles.
In multiplayer, gadgets provide the player with additional equipment and other various advantages. A player can have up to three gadgets on them at any given time, one from each of the three sets of five gadgets. In the online multiplayer, a player can choose his or her gadgets after unlocking them.
- Distraction: This provides the player with two flash grenades and two smoke grenades. It is unlocked at level 6.
- Hi Cap Magazine: This gadget provides the player with an approximately 25% larger magazine, with slight variation between the various firearms. It is unlocked at level 13.
- Timed Mine: This provides the player with a pair of mines that detonate approximately five seconds after being throwing. This gadget is unlocked at level 19.
- Remote Trigger Mine: This gadget provides the player with a pair of mines that the player can detonate after being thrown by using the smartphone. It is unlocked at level 35.
- Proximity Mine: This gadget provides the player with a pair of mines that, after being thrown, will detonate by any opponent who passes near it. It is unlocked at level 53.
- Heavy Hitter: This gadget increases the damage dealt by the player's primary and secondary weapons. It is unlocked at level 8.
- Speed Loader: This gadget increases the reload speed for the player's primary and secondary weapons. It is unlocked at level 15.
- Reactive Armor: This gadget increases the players resistance to bullets and explosions, making him or her harder to kill. It is unlocked at level 22.
- Light Foot: This increases the player's movement speed. It is unlocked at level 36.
- Polarized Contact Lenses: This makes the player immune to flash grenades. It is unlocked at level 52.
- Snap Shot: This gadget increases the player's accuracy while hip firing. It is speculated that it improves the player's accuracy while using ADS as well. It is unlocked at level 4.
- Bio Booster: This gadget increases the player's health, making him or her more durable. It is worth noting that a player cannot be killed from a single melee attack with this gadget. It is unlocked at level 17.
- Mine Sweeper: This gadget reveals the location of mines on the player's radar, but makes no distinction between the mines of allies and those of enemies. It is unlocked at level 28.
- Multi Task: This gadget allows the player to replace his or her secondary weapon (pistol) with another primary weapon. This second primary weapon cannot utilize an attachment. It is unlocked at level 42.
- Last Act of Defiance: This gadget drops a live grenade when the player dies. It is unlocked at level 50.
Attachments provide improvements or additional features to the weapons they are attached to. In the online multiplayer, attachments can be added to a player's primary weapon after being unlocked. Not all guns can utilize every attachment.
- Reflex Sight: This attachment provides a slight increase to the weapon's accuracy and sights. It is unlocked at level 2.
- Silencer: This attachment suppresses the noise made by the weapon, making the player invisible on the radar to opponents. It slightly decreases the weapon's damage and range. It is unlocked at level 20.
- Laser Pointer: This attachment increases the weapon's accuracy. It is unlocked at level 23.
- ACOG Scope: This magnifies the view from the weapon's sight, but does not appear to increase accuracy. It is unlocked at level 33.
- Thermal Scope: This converts the weapon's sights to a thermal image that makes all players look a sharp white color. It provides an increase to the weapon's sights. It is unlocked at level 38.
- Grenade Launcher: This attachment provides the player's weapon with two grenades that can be fired. More grenades can be picked up by running over other grenade launchers. This is not true of ordinary grenades. It is unlocked at level 54.
In addition to the other available equipment, players can use a melee attack and are each given two fragmentation grenades (the latter is only available in multiplayer).


Temporary Schedule for the Carson City Rifle and Pistol Range Starting September 10
In response to the seasonal transition affecting daylight hours, the Rifle and Pistol Range will temporarily change its hours to Tuesday through Friday, from 5:30 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. starting September 10, 2019. Daylight hours are beginning to reflect the occurrence of seasonal change. To ensure adequate and safe accommodations for range enthusiasts the range must adopt the new operational hours.
During the temporary hours of operation, the Rifle and Pistol Range will be monitored by a Parks Department Park Ranger or Volunteer Range Safety Officer (RSO). The following schedule and guidelines have been established:
- Tuesday - Friday from 5:30 p.m. – 7:00 p.m.
- There will be a mandatory Cold Range called at 6:45 p.m., on the entire range, to allow the collection of targets off the ranges and the premise to be vacated by 7 p.m.
- No Reservations accepted during this time period, first come first served basis only.
- Sundays from 7:00 a.m. – 7:00 p.m.
- During Sunday operations the Rifle and Pistol Range will be monitored by Volunteer RSO from the Carson Rifle and Pistol Club.
- If a Park Ranger or Volunteer RSO’s is not available during these timeframes the range will not be open for use.
The City sincerely regrets any inconveniences caused by the temporary schedule. The City has an obligation to the public to promptly address any potential risks and implement changes to ensure safe practices. The City appreciates the Carson Rifle and Pistol Club’s volunteerism and the public’s cooperation.


"Explosives" means any chemical compound, mixture or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by explosion. The term includes all items contained in the explosives list provided for in 27 CFR § 555.23 and published annually in the Federal Register; PROVIDED That, for the purposes of this title, small arms ammunitions, small arms ammunitions primers, smokeless powder not exceeding 50 pounds, and black powder not exceeding five pounds shall not be defined as explosives. (Added by Amended Ord. 02-064, Dec. 9, 2002, Eff date Feb. 1, 2003; Amended by Amended Ord. 16-013, Mar. 8, 2017, Eff date May 7, 2017).


Though described as a submachine gun, the Reising was designed as a compact lightweight semi-automatic delayed blowback carbine, firing from a closed bolt for accuracy. The Reising was made in selective fire versions that could be switched between semi-automatic or full-automatic fire as needed and in semi-auto only versions to be used for marksmanship training and police and guard use. The.
Gun Runners Arsennal compatibility; various bug fixes; various rebalances; added starter kit to doc mitchells house, containing basic but randomised items for imperials, tau and chaos. bolter is now extremely powerful, be careful of friendly fire! 4 new bolter ammunition types: Metal Storm, Kraken, Vengeance and Inferno.
Fallout 76’s magazines work in the same way that Bobbleheads do, but only in this game. Instead of being permanent upgrade, Magazines are now consumable temporary buffs that provide traits such as weapon specific boost or damage increased against certain enemies.Our Vallejo store stocks the entire Vallejo range and has sections for Vallejo Washes, Game Air, Game Air Primers, Game Air Colours, Essentials, Paints and Metal Colour.Fallout 4 arms its players with an enormous arsenal of customizable unique weapons and legendary weapons, including an extraordinary collection of rare and high-powered implements of destruction.
Metal armor and metal helmet are a multi-piece set of armor in Fallout 4. Metal armor consists of six separate pieces - the chest, two arms, two legs as well as a matching helmet. Like with all other armor pieces, each can be worn over clothing to combine the stat bonuses, however, certain outfits may occupy some or all of the armor slots - for instance, the red dress occupies legs and torso.
A new mod for Fallout 4 attempts to shake this up a little by introducing two Metal Gear Solid-ish sneaky tricks: whistling and throwing bolts to lure and distract enemies. It’s not quite on the same level as walking around wearing a cardboard box with a picture of a sexy lady on to distract horny guards, but the Tactical Distraction System mod does sound neat.
Submachine Gun is a Automatic Weapon in Fallout 4. Submachine Gun Information. You need the Gun Nut Perk to improve this Weapon. This weapon's damage IS affected by the Commando Perk. Comes Standard With. Submachine Gun Standard Receiver; Submachine Gun Standard Barrel; Submachine Gun Short Stock; Submachine Gun Medium Magazine; Submachine Gun.
The striker fired automatic rifle was one of the oldest and earliest light machine gun models, with a barrel screwed into the receiver, greatly limiting the ability to quickly replace barrels in the field, forcing the operator to fire carefully and more precisely than with stationary machine guns. Automatic rifles found in the wastelands come with a fixed wooden buttstock and closed-type.
Fallout 4 Script Extender. Download link. As the modding scene for Fallout 4 grows, more and more will use the Fallout 4 Script Extender. It's a utility that allows mods to work without actually.
Either inside or outside of Olivia is an ammo container with 5 fusion cores (one time it was only 4). Inside there is an enemy named ack ack I think, she has a minigun with 500 rounds. Normally I just sell all 5mm ammo. When I got to the prydwen, I had 1700 5mm round to use in exchange for the Gatling laser.
Fallout 4 Gunslinger Build Great Perks and Tips for Playing with Pistol Weapons. Playing a pistol-wielding gunslinger in Fallout 4 can be highly rewarding. This is a build I've used heavily and definitely recommend it to newcomers. It's easy as pistols are highly accessible. You can opt to sneak in order to get closer to your victims and make up for pistols' shorter range. While I almost.
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Fallout 76 has been a buggy mess for me, but it’s a testament to what they did well that I’m still playing quite a bit. One of the really successfully executed aspects of the game is the.
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A submachine gun (SMG) is an automatic carbine, designed to fire pistol cartridges. It combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol. An assault rifle, in contrast, uses an intermediate-power cartridge with more power than a pistol but less than a standard rifle or battle rifle.


Hop in the Tomcars and head out about eight miles in to the Sonoran Desert to our shooting array. This Adventure offers participants the when-in-a-lifetime opportunity to shoot completely automated machine guns
The typical HK induce unit is assembled in a different plastic housing, integral Together with the pistol grip and the cause guard. As a result of this feature, numerous types of firing method mixtures can be used on any rifle, merely by setting up the right cause unit.
The Unique Intent Weapon (SPW) variant can not be mounted to motor vehicles, features a Picatinny rail for optics, a vertical foregrip, and a light-weight 36 inch barrel. The most significant In general variance is that it absolutely was slimmed right down to bodyweight about 13 lbs. The M249 machine is capable of 850 rounds for each moment and it has an efficient array of 870 yards.
As an alternative, he grew to become a machine gun skilled. He is owned about one,000 machine guns, and he's written numerous textbooks about machine guns. He invented a Particular screwdriver to repair service machine guns.
Making its 1st visual appeal in 1891 this weapon has found support by two world wars and can even now be uncovered on some present day-day battlefields.
This weapon was less complicated, less costly to create, fired a lot quicker, and changed the MG 34 in each and every software other than car or truck mounts, Considering that the MG 42's barrel switching program couldn't be operated when it absolutely was mounted.
Rates at our general public shoots usually commence at only $20, and we provide a distinct offer deal for various guns. Its a really very affordable technique to practical experience comprehensive car. Check our Web-site and Fb website page for particulars on community shoots.
Powering the shooter stations, in a very truck trailer mattress that is been converted into a gunsmith store, Dolf Goldsmith tinkers having a 1918 machine gun.
Our guns span time and background and symbolize around a dozen distinct nations armed forces arms. We even have the modern machine guns you know from movies and online video online games.
To start the hearth 1 need to read more only launch the cocking handle from its notch and afterwards pull the induce. Present day MP-five submachine guns are Geared up with three-lug swift detachable silencer mounts click here about the barrel. Sights are just like other HK products, and encompass the entrance hooded put up sight plus the adjustable for windage and elevation drum-type diopter rear sight. Special brief-removable clamp mounts let for installation of evening, optical and pink-dot sights if required. Normal magazine capability is thirty rounds, but shorter 15 rounds magazines can be obtained. Specific versions have been created and created in limited numbers throughout 1980s-90s for the US Regulation Enforcement market, chambered For additional potent 10mm Automobile (10x25mm) and .40S&W (10x22mm) ammunition. These guns is often simply distinguished from far more frequent 9mm designs by straight box thirty rounds Journals, created from plastic.
Bits and pieces in the fish monster are scattered while in the wash, And that i comprehend I missed looking at it explode.
e., loading, firing, and ejection) normally takes location effectively. In recoil Procedure, the bolt is locked to your barrel straight away after a spherical is fired; click here both of those the bolt and barrel recoil, even so the barrel is then returned ahead by its have spring when the bolt is held for the rear because of the locking mechanism until a fresh new spherical has fallen into place inside the opened breech.
A Scottsdale machine gun producer was charged Thursday, coupled with two other Males, in connection with a plan to smuggle unregistered firearms into Mexico, in accordance with the U.S. Legal professional’s Business in Texas.
Underneath superior force, as if the cartridge fired, the angle from the slope was this sort of that the mating faces jammed stable. As being the tension dropped, the faces ended up capable to slip throughout one another, the wedge moved up a result of the slope, as well as the breech unlocked. This concept was Utilized in all Thompson submachine guns apart from the M1 and M1A1 (These ended up merely blowback operated).


Firearms appear to have been acknowledged in Japan all over 1270 as proto-cannons invented in China, which the Japanese referred to as teppō (鉄砲 lit. "iron cannon"). Gunpowder weaponry exchange in between China and Japan was gradual and only a small amount of hand guns ever arrived at Japan. Nonetheless the use of gunpowder bombs from the variety of Chinese explosives is understood to obtain occurred in Japan from at the least the mid-15th century onward. The initial recorded appearance on the cannon in Japan was in 1510 whenever a Buddhist priest presented Hōjō Ujitsuna with a teppō iron cannon he obtained all through his travels in China.
Nitroester compositions nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin were designed by Henri Braconnot in 1832 and Ascanio Sobrero in 1846, respectively. The development of smokeless powder stemmed from initiatives by various staff to generate an improved gun propellant delivering superior resistance to humidity, higher muzzle velocity, and generally increased trustworthiness.
Right up until viewers might get their fingers on new Video game of Thrones episodes, Gunpowder appears to carry the identical kind of action, and lots of scheming Harington, so It is a great placeholder for now. And it is so a great deal more than simply another action-packed drama to get rid of some time with — the accurate story is unbelievably attention-grabbing, very unfamiliar to American audiences, and it has a ton of talent backing it.
13 Adult males plotted to blow up the King and federal government, kidnap the princess royal, foment an armed rebellion and seize the reigns of point out with the support of the international electric power. It absolutely was daring, Pretty much unquestionably stupid and heroically irresponsible.
The earliest surviving documentary proof for the use of the hand cannon inside the Islamic world are from several Arabic manuscripts dated for the 14th century. According to historian Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, these manuscripts are copies of previously manuscripts and claimed available-held cannon getting used with the Mamluks in the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.
Guns and also other gunpowder weapons ended up Utilized in abundance over the popular Battle of Lake Poyang which lasted from thirty August to 4 October 1363. There have been at the very least 100 vessels and roughly five hundred,000 combatants entirely involved, While standard figures have gone even bigger. official site Poyang Lake was situated on the strategic location connecting the Yangtze with other river basins and while in the early 1360s Zhu Yuanzhang held vital garrisons around the lake, which he administered from Nanjing 560 kilometers downriver. Upstream was the condition of Han (大漢; Pinyin: Dahan, "Excellent Han") below Chen Youliang, who got down to wrest control of the lake from Zhu Yuanzhang.
Dr Simon Jordan is hired to try and do a psychiatric evaluation of celebrated murderess Grace Marks, whose supporters hope that his report will set her no cost. Grace has become imprisoned for murder for the earlier 15 several years her co-conspirator McDermott was hanged. She tells Dr. Jordan about immigrating from Ireland to Canada and acquiring work as a maid. During their conversations,Alias Grace Season click here for more two DVD she has flashbacks involving the murders and her subsequent demo and conviction.
As a result corning was an very important to developing reliable weaponized gunpowder. Supposedly this was a lot less problematic in Asia, where pure saltpeter was extra available and easily made. In China gunpowder corning were practiced Because the 1370s for the objective of strengthening the explosive energy of mines, since gunpowder corns delivered extra space expected for just a fast combustion. Corned powder may also are actually Employed in guns according to a file of a hearth-tube capturing a projectile 457 meters, a distance possibly only feasible with the assist of corned powder at time.
The matchlock musket or pistol (an early gun ignition procedure), and also the flintlock would frequently be unusable in soaked weather, because of powder while in the pan being uncovered and dampened. Power
Then at nighttime, he utilizes the trust he spends all day buying to maneuver for a spy without anyone suspecting a matter. Obviously the British mature to like him so much that he gets so close to them he has issues accumulating his intelligence without being discovered. It provides a incredibly difficult dynamic to the display.
This exhibit is value anticipating more causes than I can rely. It brings background alive. But In addition it is simply good it its very own suitable.
" furthermore he compares guns on the plague, "This plague was only recently so unusual as being appeared on like a miracle; now … it has become as frequent as every other type of weapon."[a hundred twenty five] Englishman John Mirfield describes the gun as "that devilish instrument of war colloquially termed gunne,"[a hundred twenty five] and Francesco di Giorgio Martini believed Furthermore of the invention of guns and gunpowder, attributing it "to not human but to devilish company."[one hundred twenty five] While in the record of early European guns, Christian authorities designed vehement remarks from the use of gunpowder weapons, calling them blasphemous and part of the 'Black Arts'. From the mid-14th century, even so, even the army in the Visit Your URL Papal States can be armed with artillery and gunpowder weapons.
Both equally iron and bronze cannons experienced their benefits and drawbacks. Cast iron cannons were significantly cheaper, up to ten situations so, than bronze cannons, but much more unstable because of their piece developed mother nature. Iron cannons tended to burst apart, from time to time killing or seriously maiming their operators. Successive firings took their toll on iron cannons as personal pieces were shook loose. Bronze cannons merely cracked. Even without use, iron cannons have been liable to rust away. Bronze cannons didn't rust. One more much less useful reason behind the dominance of bronze cannons was their aesthetic enchantment.