There were troublesome tensions between the different tasks which descended historically from Descartes: on the one hand, that of methodically treating souls in exactly the same way as bodies and as being connected with bodies as spatiotemporal realities,.e., the task of investigating in a physicalistic way the whole life world as nature in a broadened sense; and, on the other hand, the task of investigating souls in their being in themselves and for themselves by way of inner experience the psychologist's primordial inner experience of the subjectivity of his own self or else by way of the intentional mediation of likewise internally directed empathy (i.e., directed toward what is internal to other persons taken thematically).