rexarski/climate_fever_fixed · Datasets at Hugging Face

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357	With that in mind, they propose a plausible and terrifying “2050 scenario” whereby humanity could face irreversible collapse in just three decades.	He proposed a scenario with a cat in a locked steel chamber, wherein the cat's life or death depended on the state of a radioactive atom, whether it had decayed and emitted radiation or not.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Quantum mind
1,933	Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming."	He was known as one of the Atari Democrats, later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party."	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Al Gore
319	Most of the atmospheric moisture originates in the tropical ocean, and the difference between surface and upper atmospheric temperature determines how much of the moisture rises into the atmosphere.	Consequently, the air above coastal lands heats up faster than the air above seas.	1REFUTES	Monsoon of South Asia
712	“Instead of a three-foot increase in ocean levels by the end of the century, six feet was more likely, according to DeConto and Pollard’s findings.	Beginning some 130,000 years ago, the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Miami
1,945	President Donald Trump sent a video message to Belgian citizens criticizing their government for being part of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.	Trump has pulled the United States out of the Paris climate accord, leaving the U.S. the only nation that has not joined the agreement.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration
799	the climate models have overestimated the amount of global warming and failed to predict what climatologists call the warming ‘hiatus’	Uncertainty over feedbacks is the major reason why different climate models project different magnitudes of warming for a given amount of emissions.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
3,063	'Another global warming myth comes crashing down.	Delingpole has engaged in climate change denialism; in 2009 he wrote of "The conspiracy behind the Anthropogenic Global Warming myth".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	James Delingpole
1,003	A recent study in Nature Geoscience, for instance, called into question whether the Arctic’s melting, and in particular its sea ice loss, has been causing winter cooling over Eurasia, another idea that has been swept up in the debate over the jet stream and weather extremes.”	In 2011, a Nature Geoscience study using general circulation models linked Pacific Rossby waves generated by increasing central tropical Pacific temperatures to warming of the Amundsen Sea region, leading to winter and spring continental warming of Ellsworth Land and Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica via an increase in advection.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Rossby wave
2,606	...Livestock are responsible for 18 per cent of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, more than cars, planes and all other forms of transport put together.	It is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases, responsible for 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions as measured in CO2 equivalents.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Agriculture
649	“Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.	The Last Valley (1959), by John Pick, is about two men fleeing the Thirty Years' War.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Thirty Years' War
575	While an isolated heatwave can be put down as an anomaly, the scale of this phenomenon points to global warming as the culprit, scientists said.	The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged at the end of the investigations.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming conspiracy theory
948	In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals.	He and colleagues at the Political Economy Research Institute have developed a plan for national recovery that shows, for example, that investing in clean energy (wind power, solar, and biofuels) will create about three times as many good-paying jobs than conventional projects will, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	University of Massachusetts Amherst
2,263	They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.	They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
938	We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica.	Using the long-term temperature trends for the earth scientists and statisticians conclude that it continues to warm through time.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming controversy
2,103	IPCC were wrong about Amazon rainforests	Research suggests that upon reaching about 20–25% (hence 3–8% more), the tipping point to flip it into a non-forest ecosystems – degraded savannah – (in eastern, southern and central Amazonia) will be reached.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Amazon rainforest
1,984	The most recent survey of climate scientists said about 57 percent don't agree with the idea that 95 percent of the change in the climate is caused by CO2.	Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
761	[Riebesell] is a world authority on the topic and has typically communicated cautiously about the effects of acidification.	The direction and magnitude of the effects of ocean acidification, warming and deoxygenation on the ocean has been quantified by meta-analyses, and has been further tested by mesocosm studies.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Human impact on marine life
2,431	Short term cooling over the last few years is largely due to a strong La Nina phase in the Pacific Ocean and a prolonged solar minimum.	An especially strong Walker circulation causes La Niña, resulting in cooler ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean due to increased upwelling.	0SUPPORTS	El Niño–Southern Oscillation
1,700	Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.	"Methane release from melting permafrost could trigger dangerous global warming".	0SUPPORTS	Atmospheric methane
1,230	On the Pacific Coast, a climate pattern that had pushed billions of gallons of water toward Asia is now ending, so that in coming decades the sea is likely to rise quickly off states like Oregon and California.	The state's southwestern portion, particularly the Rogue Valley, has a Mediterranean climate with drier and sunnier winters and hotter summers, similar to Northern California.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Oregon
1,333	“The oceans will never become acid because there is such a huge buffering capacity in the oceans.	The rising ocean acidity makes it more difficult for marine organisms such as shrimp, oysters, or corals to form their shells – a process known as calcification.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Fisheries and climate change
1,667	Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.	The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30 °C (54 °F).	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Mars
266	The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports.	A paragraph in the 2007 Working Group II report ("Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"), chapter 10 included a projection that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035 Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world (see Table 10.9) and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps warming at the current rate.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
3,110	In those days you couldn’t have seen across the street for all the carbon emissions and the crap coming out of the chimneys.'	Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were equivalent to 49 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (using the most recent global warming potentials over 100 years from the AR5 report).	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
1,700	Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.	The consequence is thawing soil, which may be weaker, and release of methane, which contributes to an increased rate of global warming as part of a feedback loop.	0SUPPORTS	Permafrost
1,357	“The notion that world-wide weather is becoming more extreme is just that: a notion, or a testable hypothesis.	This will be the one which not only has hitherto stood up to the severest tests, but the one which is also testable in the most rigorous way.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Falsifiability
1,023	Within a decade, certain kinds of branching and plate coral could be extinct, reef scientists say, along with a variety of small fish that rely on them for protection from predators.	Endangered species - An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Glossary of fishery terms
1,789	CO2 limits won't cool the planet, but they can make the difference between continued accelerating global warming to catastrophic levels vs. slowing and eventually stopping the warming at hopefully safe levels.	Thresholds and boundaries The threshold, or tipping point, is the value at which a very small increment for the control variable (like CO2) triggers a larger, possibly catastrophic, change in the response variable (global warming) through feedbacks in the natural Earth System itself.	0SUPPORTS	Planetary boundaries
2,100	IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers	Two errors include the melting of Himalayan glaciers (see later section), and Dutch land area that is below sea level.	0SUPPORTS	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2,853	The Ozone Layer stops UV radiation from entering our atmosphere.	It is present in very low concentrations throughout the latter, with its highest concentration high in the ozone layer of the stratosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.	0SUPPORTS	Ozone
2,272	It found the scientists' rigour and honesty are not in doubt, and their behaviour did not prejudice the IPCC's conclusions, though they did fail to display the proper degree of openness.	This document also states that IPCC will do this work by assessing "on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis" of these topics.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1,339	“Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.	It's yet another reason to be very seriously concerned about the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere now and the additional amount we continue to put out."	1REFUTES	Ocean acidification
1,592	97% consensus on human-caused global warming has been disproven.	97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.	1REFUTES	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,114	Peer review process was corrupted	In 2010, the US Senate Finance Committee released a report that found this practice was widespread, that it corrupted the scientific literature and increased prescription rates.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Peer review
2,028	cutting speed limits could slow climate change	Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Holarctic
1,626	Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.	Other changes are caused by external forcings.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
2,164	Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass	The ablation zone is the region where there is a net loss in glacier mass.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Glacier
2,720	The result did suggest the sea level was increasing in the western Pacific, but this was offset by a drop in the level near the Alaskan coast.	A drop of eustatic sea level by about 60 m to 120 m lower than present-day levels, commencing around 30,000 years BP, created Beringia, a durable and extensive geographic feature connecting Siberia with Alaska.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Settlement of the Americas
1,825	Climate change is a hoax invented by the Chinese.	Climate change has also been called the "greatest scam in history" by John Coleman, who co-founded the Weather Channel.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming conspiracy theory
2,335	Satellite measurements of infrared spectra over the past 40 years observe less energy escaping to space at the wavelengths associated with CO2.	The LWIR (8–15 μm) region is especially useful since some radiation at these wavelengths can escape into space through the atmosphere.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Infrared
2,763	The long term trend from albedo is of cooling.	Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Little Ice Age
1,313	Coral bleaching has devastated 93% of the Great Barrier Reef	In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral.	1REFUTES	Coral bleaching
3,064	No warming since at least 1995, no melting glaciers and now no rising sea levels.	The Greenland Ice Sheet has experienced record melting in recent years since detailed records have been kept and is likely to contribute substantially to sea level rise as well as to possible changes in ocean circulation in the future if this is sustained.	1REFUTES	Greenland ice sheet
2,426	"Twentieth century global warming did not start until 1910.	The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.	1REFUTES	20th century
1,097	“[…]The impact on calcification, metabolism, growth, fertility and survival of calcifying marine species when pH is lowered up to 0.3 units […] is beneficial, not damaging.	This reduction in pH affects biological systems in the oceans, primarily oceanic calcifying organisms.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide
1,933	Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming."	Gingrich has identified education as "the number one factor in our future prosperity", and has partnered with Al Sharpton and Education Secretary Arne Duncan on education issues.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Newt Gingrich
2,464	While natural forcings can account for much of the early 20th Century warming, humans played a role as well.	Some researchers have proposed that human influences on climate began earlier than is normally supposed (see Early anthropocene for more details) and that major population declines in Eurasia and the Americas reduced this impact, leading to a cooling trend.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Little Ice Age
2,200	The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".	Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,328	What you were not told was that the data that triggered this record is only available back to the late 1970s.	The Inspector General investigation by Michael E. Horowitz, published December 9, 2019, expressed doubts about the dossier's reliability and sources: The FBI concluded, among other things, that although consistent with known efforts by Russia to interfere in the 2016 U.S. elections, much of the material in the Steele election reports, including allegations about Donald Trump and members of the Trump campaign relied upon in the Carter Page FISA applications, could not be corroborated; that certain allegations were inaccurate or inconsistent with information gathered by the Crossfire Hurricane team; and that the limited information that was corroborated related to time, location, and title information, much of which was publicly available.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Steele dossier
2,062	Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods.	Climate change also increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this balancing feedback will persist in the future.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
1,156	The costs of emissions regulations, which will be paid by everyone, will be punishingly high and will provide no benefits to most people anywhere in the world.	point out that while distributed solar and other energy efficiency measures do pose a challenge to electric utilities' existing business model, the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs, and those benefits are shared by all ratepayers.	1REFUTES	Net metering
2,945	But that conclusion holds true only if there are no other sources of c12 increases which are not human caused.	The reasoning in this argument is valid, because there is no way in which the premises, 1 and 2, could be true and the conclusion, 3, be false.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Reason
2,410	"There is no actual evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming.	"How the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is critical for predicting climate change".	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
1,365	Satellite temperature readings going back to 1979 show 1998 was by far the warmest year in the satellite era	The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming hiatus
1,796	Natural cycles superimposed on a linear warming trend can be mistaken for step changes, but the underlying warming is caused by the external radiative forcing.	Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Paleoclimatology
2,431	Short term cooling over the last few years is largely due to a strong La Nina phase in the Pacific Ocean and a prolonged solar minimum.	During a period of La Niña, the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 3 to 5°C (5.4 to 9°F).	0SUPPORTS	La Niña
1,649	Urban and rural regions show the same warming trend.	On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Urban heat island
484	“We almost take forests as a given but we lose forest every year, which means we are diminishing them as a carbon sink.	acting as a carbon sink.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Forest
474	Sea ice continued its declining trend, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.	Sea ice is currently in decline in area, extent, and volume and summertime sea ice may cease to exist sometime during the 21st century.	0SUPPORTS	Climate change in the Arctic
2,780	The United States has been restricting soot emissions in Draconian fashion since the Clean Air Act of 1963.	In 1997 EPA tightened the NAAQS regarding permissible levels of the ground-level ozone that make up smog and the fine airborne particulate matter that makes up soot.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Clean Air Act (United States)
2,857	Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly.	The work done by friction can translate into deformation, wear, and heat that can affect the contact surface properties (even the coefficient of friction between the surfaces).	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Friction
1,844	After the 9/11 terrorist attacks grounded commercial air traffic, "there was a temperature drop while the airplanes weren't flying, for the week afterwards."	The action begins at "9 am., Tuesday, 9/11/2001" and continues for a harrowing week as her uncle attempts to silence her, applying precepts of Sharia law.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	September 11 attacks
1,786	CFCs contribute to global waerming at a small level.	Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential and are facing calls to be regulated under the Montreal Protocol[dubious – discuss] due to the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change.	1REFUTES	Chlorofluorocarbon
3,125	About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...	Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate variability
1,269	“The oceans, which absorb more than 90% of the extra CO2 pumped into the atmosphere“	More recently, anthropogenic activities have steadily increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere; about 30–40% of the added CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, forming carbonic acid and lowering the pH (now below 8.1) through a process called ocean acidification.	1REFUTES	Sea
3,090	A generous estimate of the energy generated by satellites is around 1 million times too small to cause global warming.	However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Deforestation
556	The April low temperatures here are now about 6 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than they used to be.	At O'Hare, temperatures as low as 7 °F (−14 °C) and 31 °F (−1 °C) have been recorded as late as April 7 and May 21, respectively.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Climate of Chicago
2,494	There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.	In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
2,227	Every part of the Earth's climate system has continued warming since 1998, with 2015 shattering temperature records.	An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
2,817	The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere".	In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling".	1REFUTES	Global warming
375	when 3 per cent of total annual global emissions of carbon dioxide are from humans and Australia produces 1.3 per cent of this 3 per cent, then no amount of emissions reduction here will have any effect on global climate.	Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Greenhouse gas
1,084	[Jonathan Overpeck:] ‘No doubt about it anymore — humans, mainly by burning fossil fuels, are cooking the planet,’ Overpeck said.	Many of the actions taken by humans that contribute to a heated environment stem from the burning of fossil fuel from a variety of sources, such as: electricity, cars, planes, space heating, manufacturing, or the destruction of forests.	0SUPPORTS	Human impact on the environment
919	an airplane is contributing to the emissions that put the frozen continent at risk.	This enables the entire craft to contribute to lift generation with the result of potentially increased fuel economy.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Airplane
1,479	In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet.	As a result, they are likely to cause the climate to oscillate between cooling and warming, but with an overall trend towards warming as the carbon dioxide they emit can stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Extinction event
2,394	(2005), where satellite altimetry established that the mean thickness of the entire Greenland ice sheet had increased at 2 inches per year – a total of almost 2 feet – in the 11 years 1993-2003.”	Other research has shown that higher snowfalls from the North Atlantic oscillation caused the interior of the ice cap to thicken by an average of 6 cm or 2.36 in/y between 1994 and 2005.	0SUPPORTS	Greenland
5	The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists	The manifestation of the meteorological winter (freezing temperatures) in the northerly snow–prone latitudes is highly variable depending on elevation, position versus marine winds and the amount of precipitation.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Winter
3,130	"There are other possible causes for climate change which could be associated with solar activity or related to variations in the temperature of the liquid core of the Earth, which is about 5,400 degrees Celsius.	"The main cause of climate change during the last millennia is the corresponding cyclic variation of the 80- and 200-year component of irradiance correlated with activity.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Attribution of recent climate change
254	it’s virtually impossible to get funded for work that disputes climate change through other channels [other than oil companies]	The New York Times and others reported in 2015 that oil companies knew that burning oil and gas could cause climate change and global warming since the 1970s but nonetheless funded deniers for years.	0SUPPORTS	Climate change denial
1,353	Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.	The Gregorian calendar attempts to cause the northward equinox to fall on or shortly before March 21 and hence it follows the northward equinox year, or tropical year.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Year
2,613	CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.	The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) continuously releases data about CO 2 emissions, budget and concentration at individual observation stations.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
667	The failure of the 2007 polar bear survival model is a simple fact that explodes the myth that polar bears are on their way to extinction.	The most recent and arguably best-known, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago (Ma), was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically short period of time.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Extinction event
454	Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.”	Human activities are now causing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases—including carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide—to rise well above pre-industrial levels ... Increases in greenhouse gases are causing temperatures to rise ...	1REFUTES	Scientific consensus on climate change
1,507	Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017.	His 1861 paper proposed changing concentrations of these gases could have caused "all the mutations of climate which the researches of geologists reveal" and would explain ice age changes.	1REFUTES	Global warming
350	Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase.	In the United States and many other parts of the world there has been a marked increase in intense rainfall events which have resulted in more severe flooding.	1REFUTES	Effects of global warming
2,959	Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.	Since the mid-20th century, most of the observed warming is "likely" (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) due to human activities.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
957	ever since December temperatures in the Arctic have consistently been lower than minus 20 C	It was estimated that the temperature at the North Pole was between 30 and 35 °F (−1 and 2 °C) during the storm.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	North Pole
284	The figure traditionally cited that suggests 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that global warming is man-made was also found to be flawed.	The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming.	1REFUTES	Global warming controversy
1,631	The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites.	In fact, the lower-tropospheric temperatures warm at a slightly greater rate over North America (about 0.28°C/decade using satellite data) than do the surface temperatures (0.27°C/decade), although again the difference is not statistically significant.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Urban heat island
2,290	Hypothetically, an increasing solar magnetic field could deflect galactic cosmic rays, which hypothetically seed low-level clouds, thus decreasing the Earth's reflectivity and causing global warming.	This effect also causes droplets to be of more uniform size, which reduces the growth of raindrops and makes clouds more reflective to incoming sunlight.	0SUPPORTS	Global warming
1,175	But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.	It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Global warming
1,052	But as that upper layer warms up, the oxygen-rich waters are less likely to mix down into cooler layers of the ocean because the warm waters are less dense and do not sink as readily.	Warm surface currents cool as they move away from the tropics, and the water becomes denser and sinks.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sea
1,560	Sea level rise predictions are exaggerated.	A conservative estimate of the long-term projections is that each Celsius degree of temperature rise triggers a sea level rise of approximately 2.3 meters (4.2 ft/degree Fahrenheit) over a period of two millennia: an example of climate inertia.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sea level rise
204	after a natural orbitally driven warming, atmospheric carbon dioxide content increases 800 years later	The current warming period is expected to last another 50,000 years due to a minimum in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
1,517	Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.	Human activities (primarily greenhouse gas emissions) are the primary cause.	0SUPPORTS	Scientific consensus on climate change
2,052	Nor is there any evidence that levels as high as 7,000 ppm of CO2 did or could cause ocean acidity.	This has caused an increase in hydrogen ion (acidity) of about 30% since the start of the industrial age through a process known as "ocean acidification."	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Carbon dioxide
1,592	97% consensus on human-caused global warming has been disproven.	In a 2019 CBS poll, 64% of the US population said that climate change is a "crisis" or a "serious problem", with 44% saying human activity was a significant contributor.	1REFUTES	Global warming
855	Which means that if the planet is five degrees warmer at the end of the century, we may have as many as 50 percent more people to feed and 50 percent less grain to give them.”	To keep the numbers of starving constant, the percentage would have dropped by more than half.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Human overpopulation
2,765	"Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.	The ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo (the extent to which the radiant energy of the Sun is reflected from Earth) created significant feedback to further cool the climate.	0SUPPORTS	Quaternary glaciation
2,402	Although it has some very important and beneficial effects, CO2 meets the legal and encyclopedic definitions of a "pollutant", and human CO2 emissions pose a threat to public health and welfare.	American Public Health Association Policy Statement Addressing the Urgent Threat of Global Climate Change to Public Health and the Environment, 2007, archived from the original on 2009-12-31 "The long-term threat of global climate change to global health is extremely serious and the fourth IPCC report and other scientific literature demonstrate convincingly that anthropogenic GHG emissions are primarily responsible for this threat….US policy makers should immediately take necessary steps to reduce US emissions of GHGs, including carbon dioxide, to avert dangerous climate change."	0SUPPORTS	Scientific consensus on climate change
1,245	There will still be about a million square kilometres of ice in the Arctic in summer	Predictions of when the first "ice free" Arctic summer might occur vary.	2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO	Sea ice

357

With that in mind, they propose a plausible and terrifying “2050 scenario” whereby humanity could face irreversible collapse in just three decades.

He proposed a scenario with a cat in a locked steel chamber, wherein the cat's life or death depended on the state of a radioactive atom, whether it had decayed and emitted radiation or not.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Quantum mind

1,933

Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming."

He was known as one of the Atari Democrats, later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party."

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Al Gore

319

Most of the atmospheric moisture originates in the tropical ocean, and the difference between surface and upper atmospheric temperature determines how much of the moisture rises into the atmosphere.

Consequently, the air above coastal lands heats up faster than the air above seas.

1REFUTES

Monsoon of South Asia

712

“Instead of a three-foot increase in ocean levels by the end of the century, six feet was more likely, according to DeConto and Pollard’s findings.

Beginning some 130,000 years ago, the Sangamonian Stage raised sea levels to approximately 25 feet (8 m) above the current level.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Miami

1,945

President Donald Trump sent a video message to Belgian citizens criticizing their government for being part of the Paris Climate Change Agreement.

Trump has pulled the United States out of the Paris climate accord, leaving the U.S. the only nation that has not joined the agreement.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration

799

the climate models have overestimated the amount of global warming and failed to predict what climatologists call the warming ‘hiatus’

Uncertainty over feedbacks is the major reason why different climate models project different magnitudes of warming for a given amount of emissions.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

3,063

'Another global warming myth comes crashing down.

Delingpole has engaged in climate change denialism; in 2009 he wrote of "The conspiracy behind the Anthropogenic Global Warming myth".

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

James Delingpole

1,003

A recent study in Nature Geoscience, for instance, called into question whether the Arctic’s melting, and in particular its sea ice loss, has been causing winter cooling over Eurasia, another idea that has been swept up in the debate over the jet stream and weather extremes.”

In 2011, a Nature Geoscience study using general circulation models linked Pacific Rossby waves generated by increasing central tropical Pacific temperatures to warming of the Amundsen Sea region, leading to winter and spring continental warming of Ellsworth Land and Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica via an increase in advection.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Rossby wave

2,606

...Livestock are responsible for 18 per cent of the greenhouse gases that cause global warming, more than cars, planes and all other forms of transport put together.

It is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases, responsible for 18% of the world's greenhouse gas emissions as measured in CO2 equivalents.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Agriculture

649

“Houlton has been exploring this possibility for years.

The Last Valley (1959), by John Pick, is about two men fleeing the Thirty Years' War.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Thirty Years' War

575

While an isolated heatwave can be put down as an anomaly, the scale of this phenomenon points to global warming as the culprit, scientists said.

The scientific consensus that global warming is occurring as a result of human activity remained unchanged at the end of the investigations.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming conspiracy theory

948

In a study last year, Robert M. DeConto of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and David Pollard of Pennsylvania State University used their computer model to predict what would happen if emissions were reduced sharply over the next few decades, in line with international climate goals.

He and colleagues at the Political Economy Research Institute have developed a plan for national recovery that shows, for example, that investing in clean energy (wind power, solar, and biofuels) will create about three times as many good-paying jobs than conventional projects will, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

University of Massachusetts Amherst

2,263

They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

938

We’re not sure because we don’t have enough data, for long enough, to separate signal from noise,” said Eric J. Steig, a scientist at the University of Washington who has studied temperature trends in Antarctica.

Using the long-term temperature trends for the earth scientists and statisticians conclude that it continues to warm through time.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming controversy

2,103

IPCC were wrong about Amazon rainforests

Research suggests that upon reaching about 20–25% (hence 3–8% more), the tipping point to flip it into a non-forest ecosystems – degraded savannah – (in eastern, southern and central Amazonia) will be reached.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Amazon rainforest

1,984

The most recent survey of climate scientists said about 57 percent don't agree with the idea that 95 percent of the change in the climate is caused by CO2.

Human-caused increases in greenhouse gases are responsible for most of the observed global average surface warming of roughly 0.8 °C (1.5 °F) over the past 140 years.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Scientific consensus on climate change

761

[Riebesell] is a world authority on the topic and has typically communicated cautiously about the effects of acidification.

The direction and magnitude of the effects of ocean acidification, warming and deoxygenation on the ocean has been quantified by meta-analyses, and has been further tested by mesocosm studies.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Human impact on marine life

2,431

Short term cooling over the last few years is largely due to a strong La Nina phase in the Pacific Ocean and a prolonged solar minimum.

An especially strong Walker circulation causes La Niña, resulting in cooler ocean temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean due to increased upwelling.

0SUPPORTS

El Niño–Southern Oscillation

1,700

Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.

"Methane release from melting permafrost could trigger dangerous global warming".

0SUPPORTS

Atmospheric methane

1,230

On the Pacific Coast, a climate pattern that had pushed billions of gallons of water toward Asia is now ending, so that in coming decades the sea is likely to rise quickly off states like Oregon and California.

The state's southwestern portion, particularly the Rogue Valley, has a Mediterranean climate with drier and sunnier winters and hotter summers, similar to Northern California.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Oregon

1,333

“The oceans will never become acid because there is such a huge buffering capacity in the oceans.

The rising ocean acidity makes it more difficult for marine organisms such as shrimp, oysters, or corals to form their shells – a process known as calcification.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Fisheries and climate change

1,667

Mars and Jupiter are not warming, and anyway the sun has recently been cooling slightly.

The summer temperatures in the south can be warmer than the equivalent summer temperatures in the north by up to 30 °C (54 °F).

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Mars

266

The IPCC no longer includes the ‘Hockey stick’ chart in its reports.

A paragraph in the 2007 Working Group II report ("Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability"), chapter 10 included a projection that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035 Glaciers in the Himalaya are receding faster than in any other part of the world (see Table 10.9) and, if the present rate continues, the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high if the Earth keeps warming at the current rate.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

3,110

In those days you couldn’t have seen across the street for all the carbon emissions and the crap coming out of the chimneys.'

Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 were equivalent to 49 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (using the most recent global warming potentials over 100 years from the AR5 report).

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

1,700

Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.

The consequence is thawing soil, which may be weaker, and release of methane, which contributes to an increased rate of global warming as part of a feedback loop.

0SUPPORTS

Permafrost

1,357

“The notion that world-wide weather is becoming more extreme is just that: a notion, or a testable hypothesis.

This will be the one which not only has hitherto stood up to the severest tests, but the one which is also testable in the most rigorous way.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Falsifiability

1,023

Within a decade, certain kinds of branching and plate coral could be extinct, reef scientists say, along with a variety of small fish that rely on them for protection from predators.

Endangered species - An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Glossary of fishery terms

1,789

CO2 limits won't cool the planet, but they can make the difference between continued accelerating global warming to catastrophic levels vs. slowing and eventually stopping the warming at hopefully safe levels.

Thresholds and boundaries The threshold, or tipping point, is the value at which a very small increment for the control variable (like CO2) triggers a larger, possibly catastrophic, change in the response variable (global warming) through feedbacks in the natural Earth System itself.

0SUPPORTS

Planetary boundaries

2,100

IPCC were wrong about Himalayan glaciers

Two errors include the melting of Himalayan glaciers (see later section), and Dutch land area that is below sea level.

0SUPPORTS

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

2,853

The Ozone Layer stops UV radiation from entering our atmosphere.

It is present in very low concentrations throughout the latter, with its highest concentration high in the ozone layer of the stratosphere, which absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

0SUPPORTS

Ozone

2,272

It found the scientists' rigour and honesty are not in doubt, and their behaviour did not prejudice the IPCC's conclusions, though they did fail to display the proper degree of openness.

This document also states that IPCC will do this work by assessing "on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis" of these topics.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

1,339

“Dr Browman, a marine scientist for 35 years, said he was not saying that ocean acidification posed no threat, but that he believed that “a higher level of academic scepticism” should be applied to the topic.

It's yet another reason to be very seriously concerned about the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere now and the additional amount we continue to put out."

1REFUTES

Ocean acidification

1,592

97% consensus on human-caused global warming has been disproven.

97% of the scientists surveyed agreed that global temperatures had increased during the past 100 years; 84% said they personally believed human-induced warming was occurring, and 74% agreed that "currently available scientific evidence" substantiated its occurrence.

1REFUTES

Scientific consensus on climate change

2,114

Peer review process was corrupted

In 2010, the US Senate Finance Committee released a report that found this practice was widespread, that it corrupted the scientific literature and increased prescription rates.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Peer review

2,028

cutting speed limits could slow climate change

Melting permafrost may also accelerate climate change in the future.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Holarctic

1,626

Climate reacts to whatever forces it to change at the time; humans are now the dominant forcing.

Other changes are caused by external forcings.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

2,164

Greenland has only lost a tiny fraction of its ice mass

The ablation zone is the region where there is a net loss in glacier mass.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Glacier

2,720

The result did suggest the sea level was increasing in the western Pacific, but this was offset by a drop in the level near the Alaskan coast.

A drop of eustatic sea level by about 60 m to 120 m lower than present-day levels, commencing around 30,000 years BP, created Beringia, a durable and extensive geographic feature connecting Siberia with Alaska.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Settlement of the Americas

1,825

Climate change is a hoax invented by the Chinese.

Climate change has also been called the "greatest scam in history" by John Coleman, who co-founded the Weather Channel.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming conspiracy theory

2,335

Satellite measurements of infrared spectra over the past 40 years observe less energy escaping to space at the wavelengths associated with CO2.

The LWIR (8–15 μm) region is especially useful since some radiation at these wavelengths can escape into space through the atmosphere.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Infrared

2,763

The long term trend from albedo is of cooling.

Orbital forcing from cycles in the earth's orbit around the sun has, for the past 2,000 years, caused a long-term northern hemisphere cooling trend that continued through the Middle Ages and the Little Ice Age.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Little Ice Age

1,313

Coral bleaching has devastated 93% of the Great Barrier Reef

In 2016, bleaching of coral on the Great Barrier Reef killed between 29 and 50 percent of the reef's coral.

1REFUTES

Coral bleaching

3,064

No warming since at least 1995, no melting glaciers and now no rising sea levels.

The Greenland Ice Sheet has experienced record melting in recent years since detailed records have been kept and is likely to contribute substantially to sea level rise as well as to possible changes in ocean circulation in the future if this is sustained.

1REFUTES

Greenland ice sheet

2,426

"Twentieth century global warming did not start until 1910.

The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about 0.8° Celsius (1.4° Fahrenheit) since 1880; Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20 °C per decade.

1REFUTES

20th century

1,097

“[…]The impact on calcification, metabolism, growth, fertility and survival of calcifying marine species when pH is lowered up to 0.3 units […] is beneficial, not damaging.

This reduction in pH affects biological systems in the oceans, primarily oceanic calcifying organisms.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Carbon dioxide

1,933

Newt Gingrich "teamed with Nancy Pelosi and Al Gore on global warming."

Gingrich has identified education as "the number one factor in our future prosperity", and has partnered with Al Sharpton and Education Secretary Arne Duncan on education issues.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Newt Gingrich

2,464

While natural forcings can account for much of the early 20th Century warming, humans played a role as well.

Some researchers have proposed that human influences on climate began earlier than is normally supposed (see Early anthropocene for more details) and that major population declines in Eurasia and the Americas reduced this impact, leading to a cooling trend.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Little Ice Age

2,200

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "There is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere ...".

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Scientific consensus on climate change

2,328

What you were not told was that the data that triggered this record is only available back to the late 1970s.

The Inspector General investigation by Michael E. Horowitz, published December 9, 2019, expressed doubts about the dossier's reliability and sources: The FBI concluded, among other things, that although consistent with known efforts by Russia to interfere in the 2016 U.S. elections, much of the material in the Steele election reports, including allegations about Donald Trump and members of the Trump campaign relied upon in the Carter Page FISA applications, could not be corroborated; that certain allegations were inaccurate or inconsistent with information gathered by the Crossfire Hurricane team; and that the limited information that was corroborated related to time, location, and title information, much of which was publicly available.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Steele dossier

2,062

Global warming is increasing the magnitude and frequency of droughts and floods.

Climate change also increases droughts and heat waves that inhibit plant growth, which makes it uncertain whether this balancing feedback will persist in the future.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

1,156

The costs of emissions regulations, which will be paid by everyone, will be punishingly high and will provide no benefits to most people anywhere in the world.

point out that while distributed solar and other energy efficiency measures do pose a challenge to electric utilities' existing business model, the benefits of distributed generation outweigh the costs, and those benefits are shared by all ratepayers.

1REFUTES

Net metering

2,945

But that conclusion holds true only if there are no other sources of c12 increases which are not human caused.

The reasoning in this argument is valid, because there is no way in which the premises, 1 and 2, could be true and the conclusion, 3, be false.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Reason

2,410

"There is no actual evidence that carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming.

"How the oceans absorb carbon dioxide is critical for predicting climate change".

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

1,365

Satellite temperature readings going back to 1979 show 1998 was by far the warmest year in the satellite era

The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming hiatus

1,796

Natural cycles superimposed on a linear warming trend can be mistaken for step changes, but the underlying warming is caused by the external radiative forcing.

Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions, and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Paleoclimatology

2,431

Short term cooling over the last few years is largely due to a strong La Nina phase in the Pacific Ocean and a prolonged solar minimum.

During a period of La Niña, the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 3 to 5°C (5.4 to 9°F).

0SUPPORTS

La Niña

1,649

Urban and rural regions show the same warming trend.

On the other hand, one 1999 comparison between urban and rural areas proposed that urban heat island effects have little influence on global mean temperature trends.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Urban heat island

484

“We almost take forests as a given but we lose forest every year, which means we are diminishing them as a carbon sink.

acting as a carbon sink.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Forest

474

Sea ice continued its declining trend, both in the Arctic and Antarctic.

Sea ice is currently in decline in area, extent, and volume and summertime sea ice may cease to exist sometime during the 21st century.

0SUPPORTS

Climate change in the Arctic

2,780

The United States has been restricting soot emissions in Draconian fashion since the Clean Air Act of 1963.

In 1997 EPA tightened the NAAQS regarding permissible levels of the ground-level ozone that make up smog and the fine airborne particulate matter that makes up soot.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Clean Air Act (United States)

2,857

Weather is chaotic because air is light, it has low friction and viscosity, it expands strongly when in contact with hot surfaces and it conducts heat poorly.

The work done by friction can translate into deformation, wear, and heat that can affect the contact surface properties (even the coefficient of friction between the surfaces).

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Friction

1,844

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks grounded commercial air traffic, "there was a temperature drop while the airplanes weren't flying, for the week afterwards."

The action begins at "9 am., Tuesday, 9/11/2001" and continues for a harrowing week as her uncle attempts to silence her, applying precepts of Sharia law.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

September 11 attacks

1,786

CFCs contribute to global waerming at a small level.

Hydrofluorocarbons are included in the Kyoto Protocol because of their very high Global Warming Potential and are facing calls to be regulated under the Montreal Protocol[dubious – discuss] due to the recognition of halocarbon contributions to climate change.

1REFUTES

Chlorofluorocarbon

3,125

About 60% of the warming observed from 1970 to 2000 was very likely caused by this natural 60-year climatic cycle during its warming phase...

Given that records of solar activity are accurate, solar activity may have contributed to part of the modern warming that peaked in the 1930s, in addition to the 60-year temperature cycles that result in roughly 0.5 °C of warming during the increasing temperature phase.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Climate variability

1,269

“The oceans, which absorb more than 90% of the extra CO2 pumped into the atmosphere“

More recently, anthropogenic activities have steadily increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere; about 30–40% of the added CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, forming carbonic acid and lowering the pH (now below 8.1) through a process called ocean acidification.

1REFUTES

Sea

3,090

A generous estimate of the energy generated by satellites is around 1 million times too small to cause global warming.

However, the incineration and burning of forest plants to clear land releases large amounts of CO2, which contributes to global warming.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Deforestation

556

The April low temperatures here are now about 6 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than they used to be.

At O'Hare, temperatures as low as 7 °F (−14 °C) and 31 °F (−1 °C) have been recorded as late as April 7 and May 21, respectively.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Climate of Chicago

2,494

There is ample evidence that Earth's average temperature has increased in the past 100 years and the decline of mid- and high-latitude glaciers is a major piece of evidence.

In the scientific literature, there is an overwhelming consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused mainly by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

2,227

Every part of the Earth's climate system has continued warming since 1998, with 2015 shattering temperature records.

An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

2,817

The Petition Project features over 31,000 scientists signing the petition stating "there is no convincing scientific evidence that human release of carbon dioxide will, in the forseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earth's atmosphere".

In November 2017, a second warning to humanity signed by 15,364 scientists from 184 countries stated that "the current trajectory of potentially catastrophic climate change due to rising greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural production – particularly from farming ruminants for meat consumption" is "especially troubling".

1REFUTES

Global warming

375

when 3 per cent of total annual global emissions of carbon dioxide are from humans and Australia produces 1.3 per cent of this 3 per cent, then no amount of emissions reduction here will have any effect on global climate.

Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of CO 2 from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Greenhouse gas

1,084

[Jonathan Overpeck:] ‘No doubt about it anymore — humans, mainly by burning fossil fuels, are cooking the planet,’ Overpeck said.

Many of the actions taken by humans that contribute to a heated environment stem from the burning of fossil fuel from a variety of sources, such as: electricity, cars, planes, space heating, manufacturing, or the destruction of forests.

0SUPPORTS

Human impact on the environment

919

an airplane is contributing to the emissions that put the frozen continent at risk.

This enables the entire craft to contribute to lift generation with the result of potentially increased fuel economy.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Airplane

1,479

In no way, shape, or form are humans warming or cooling the planet.

As a result, they are likely to cause the climate to oscillate between cooling and warming, but with an overall trend towards warming as the carbon dioxide they emit can stay in the atmosphere for hundreds of years.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Extinction event

2,394

(2005), where satellite altimetry established that the mean thickness of the entire Greenland ice sheet had increased at 2 inches per year – a total of almost 2 feet – in the 11 years 1993-2003.”

Other research has shown that higher snowfalls from the North Atlantic oscillation caused the interior of the ice cap to thicken by an average of 6 cm or 2.36 in/y between 1994 and 2005.

0SUPPORTS

Greenland

5

The sun has gone into ‘lockdown’ which could cause freezing weather, earthquakes and famine, say scientists

The manifestation of the meteorological winter (freezing temperatures) in the northerly snow–prone latitudes is highly variable depending on elevation, position versus marine winds and the amount of precipitation.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Winter

3,130

"There are other possible causes for climate change which could be associated with solar activity or related to variations in the temperature of the liquid core of the Earth, which is about 5,400 degrees Celsius.

"The main cause of climate change during the last millennia is the corresponding cyclic variation of the 80- and 200-year component of irradiance correlated with activity.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Attribution of recent climate change

254

it’s virtually impossible to get funded for work that disputes climate change through other channels [other than oil companies]

The New York Times and others reported in 2015 that oil companies knew that burning oil and gas could cause climate change and global warming since the 1970s but nonetheless funded deniers for years.

0SUPPORTS

Climate change denial

1,353

Temperatures in 1999 were nearly three-tenths of a degree lower than in 1998, and a similar change should occur this time around, though it might not fit so neatly into a calendar year.

The Gregorian calendar attempts to cause the northward equinox to fall on or shortly before March 21 and hence it follows the northward equinox year, or tropical year.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Year

2,613

CO2 levels are measured by hundreds of stations scattered across 66 countries which all report the same rising trend.

The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) continuously releases data about CO 2 emissions, budget and concentration at individual observation stations.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

667

The failure of the 2007 polar bear survival model is a simple fact that explodes the myth that polar bears are on their way to extinction.

The most recent and arguably best-known, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago (Ma), was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically short period of time.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Extinction event

454

Man-made greenhouse gases play only an insignificant role.”

Human activities are now causing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases—including carbon dioxide, methane, tropospheric ozone, and nitrous oxide—to rise well above pre-industrial levels ... Increases in greenhouse gases are causing temperatures to rise ...

1REFUTES

Scientific consensus on climate change

1,507

Global warming' is a myth — so say 80 graphs from 58 peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 2017.

His 1861 paper proposed changing concentrations of these gases could have caused "all the mutations of climate which the researches of geologists reveal" and would explain ice age changes.

1REFUTES

Global warming

350

Since 1965, more parts of the U.S. have seen a decrease in flooding than have seen an increase.

In the United States and many other parts of the world there has been a marked increase in intense rainfall events which have resulted in more severe flooding.

1REFUTES

Effects of global warming

2,959

Even if the warming were as big as the IPCC imagines, it would not be as dangerous as Mr. Brown suggests.

Since the mid-20th century, most of the observed warming is "likely" (greater than 66% probability, based on expert judgement) due to human activities.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

957

ever since December temperatures in the Arctic have consistently been lower than minus 20 C

It was estimated that the temperature at the North Pole was between 30 and 35 °F (−1 and 2 °C) during the storm.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

North Pole

284

The figure traditionally cited that suggests 97 per cent of climate scientists agree that global warming is man-made was also found to be flawed.

The authors found that 3974 of the abstracts expressed a position on anthropogenic global warming, and that 97.1% of those endorsed the consensus that humans are causing global warming.

1REFUTES

Global warming controversy

1,631

The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites.

In fact, the lower-tropospheric temperatures warm at a slightly greater rate over North America (about 0.28°C/decade using satellite data) than do the surface temperatures (0.27°C/decade), although again the difference is not statistically significant.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Urban heat island

2,290

Hypothetically, an increasing solar magnetic field could deflect galactic cosmic rays, which hypothetically seed low-level clouds, thus decreasing the Earth's reflectivity and causing global warming.

This effect also causes droplets to be of more uniform size, which reduces the growth of raindrops and makes clouds more reflective to incoming sunlight.

0SUPPORTS

Global warming

1,175

But the observed warming as monitored by satellites (our only truly global monitoring system) has been only about half of what computerized climate models say should be happening.

It is a major aspect of climate change and has been demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by measurements of various effects of the warming.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Global warming

1,052

But as that upper layer warms up, the oxygen-rich waters are less likely to mix down into cooler layers of the ocean because the warm waters are less dense and do not sink as readily.

Warm surface currents cool as they move away from the tropics, and the water becomes denser and sinks.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Sea

1,560

Sea level rise predictions are exaggerated.

A conservative estimate of the long-term projections is that each Celsius degree of temperature rise triggers a sea level rise of approximately 2.3 meters (4.2 ft/degree Fahrenheit) over a period of two millennia: an example of climate inertia.

2NOT_ENOUGH_INFO

Sea level rise

204

after a natural orbitally driven warming, atmospheric carbon dioxide content increases 800 years later

The current warming period is expected to last another 50,000 years due to a minimum in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit.

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Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

1,517

Observations throughout the world make it clear that climate change is occurring, and rigorous scientific research demonstrates that the greenhouse gases emitted by human activities are the primary driver.

Human activities (primarily greenhouse gas emissions) are the primary cause.

0SUPPORTS

Scientific consensus on climate change

2,052

Nor is there any evidence that levels as high as 7,000 ppm of CO2 did or could cause ocean acidity.

This has caused an increase in hydrogen ion (acidity) of about 30% since the start of the industrial age through a process known as "ocean acidification."

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Carbon dioxide

1,592

97% consensus on human-caused global warming has been disproven.

In a 2019 CBS poll, 64% of the US population said that climate change is a "crisis" or a "serious problem", with 44% saying human activity was a significant contributor.

1REFUTES

Global warming

855

Which means that if the planet is five degrees warmer at the end of the century, we may have as many as 50 percent more people to feed and 50 percent less grain to give them.”

To keep the numbers of starving constant, the percentage would have dropped by more than half.

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Human overpopulation

2,765

"Earth’s Albedo has risen in the past few years, and by doing reconstructions of the past albedo, it appears that there was a significant reduction in Earth’s albedo leading up to a lull in 1997.

The ice sheets themselves, by raising the albedo (the extent to which the radiant energy of the Sun is reflected from Earth) created significant feedback to further cool the climate.

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Quaternary glaciation

2,402

Although it has some very important and beneficial effects, CO2 meets the legal and encyclopedic definitions of a "pollutant", and human CO2 emissions pose a threat to public health and welfare.

American Public Health Association Policy Statement Addressing the Urgent Threat of Global Climate Change to Public Health and the Environment, 2007, archived from the original on 2009-12-31 "The long-term threat of global climate change to global health is extremely serious and the fourth IPCC report and other scientific literature demonstrate convincingly that anthropogenic GHG emissions are primarily responsible for this threat….US policy makers should immediately take necessary steps to reduce US emissions of GHGs, including carbon dioxide, to avert dangerous climate change."

0SUPPORTS

Scientific consensus on climate change

1,245

There will still be about a million square kilometres of ice in the Arctic in summer

Predictions of when the first "ice free" Arctic summer might occur vary.

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Sea ice