Could we embrace the four day working week and all that it brings?
In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the idea of a four-day week is picking up speed around the world. Societies made changes which were necessary to combat the spread of the virus, and people are now beginning to wonder how many of those we need to reverse. Ireland, Spain, Scotland and even Japan have pushed forward programmes to test this idea. A recent study by the 4 Day Week Campaign showed that reducing the work week by one day would reduce the UKs carbon emissions by more than 20 per cent. Reduced working hours have also been shown to be good for our physical and mental well-being. While its true that there are some benefits to work  people generally do not like to be unemployed  research has shown that these benefits can be gained with as little as 1 to 8 hours of work a week. A four-day week doesnt seem to cause any economic problems either. In 2019 a Microsoft subsidiary in Japan conducted a month-long test by closing its offices every Friday for a month, and found that productivity actually went up by almost 40 per cent. The four-day week is also a popular idea (as you might expect). A recent survey by Survation showed that 64 per cent of people surveyed supported the idea of a four-day working week with no loss of pay, and only 13 per cent opposed the idea. However, thats only half the story. The Labour Party had the four-day week in its manifesto in 2019, and resoundingly lost the election anyway. British society has an overdeveloped aversion to the idea that someone, somewhere, might be getting something they dont deserve, coupled with a belief that loads of people are absolutely coining it while the rest of us slog away in the salt mines to pay for it. There are always votes in targeting the scroungers and the shirkers. There is obviously a conflict between policies which seek to reduce work, and those which seek to punish people for not working enough. Max Weber argued in the early 1900s that the Protestant work ethic was key to the development of capitalism and the relative economic success of the west. This is historically dubious, but it does shore up the convenient Just So Story that people get what they deserve. The poor are idle, and the idle are poor; the rich are diligent, and the diligent are rich. That this so often conflicts with our experiences of the diligent poor and the idle rich is a mere triviality compared to the security that the belief that I got here by my own hard work can give a person. Whether its true or not, people want to believe it. Such biases are almost certainly rooted in an instinctive desire for fair play and social conventions against free riding. Even dogs and monkeys understand the basic idea of fairness. Its not hard to understand why, when everyone in a tribe needs to dig up roots and forage berries, those who eat without foraging or digging would soon become unpopular. However, these social conventions will be counterproductive when, for example, a capitalist society with plentiful spare resources suddenly finds itself in the middle of a global pandemic, where the best course of action for society is to discourage as much non-vital work as possible. You could see this conflict in play as the Conservative Party worried out loud that people would become addicted to the furlough scheme, rather than focusing on whether their policies were achieving the goal of keeping enough people at home. The pandemic also emphasised our reliance upon our precariat class of gig workers, the people who keep our food and deliveries cheap. As the coronavirus tide recedes, many questions like this will be raised. Phil McDuff is a freelance journalist who writes on economics and social policy