What does a heat wave do to Lake George?
A view of Lake George, N.Y. A heat wave in the lower Adirondacks can mean plenty of good swimming weather, but can also lead to harmful long-term effects. LAKE GEORGE, N.Y. (NEWS10)  Whether youre visiting on vacation or live right down the road, the lake is an attractive spot anytime in the summer, and perhaps never more so than during a heat wave like the one thats hit early this week. Temperatures hit 90 on Monday, followed up by a hazy 92 on Tuesday before some rain set to come and cool things down through the rest of the week. Thats plenty of reason to go and take a dip or a boat ride. But the temperature of the water changes based on the temperature of the season, meaning that a summer with more heatwaves like this  and potentially worse, bolstered by climate change  may affect the future of the lake as a whole. How the lake keeps its cool  The Lake George Association and The FUND for Lake George have spent decades tracking how the lake does what it does; how its water stays as clear as it has, and how temperature is regulated. The Lake George Association (now part of the FUND) explains the lakes process online. In a name, its called thermal stratification. In a typical June, upper layers of water get heated up to anywhere from 70-80 degrees Fahrenheit, shaking off the last of any surface cold from the winter and spring. That upper layer is separated from lower ones by a thermocline, a temperature barrier between where temperatures will quickly warm and where theyll stay colder. Through the summer, Lake Georges thermocline is at around 32.8 feet, and will then change as the lake cools off in the fall. Fall and spring are both periods when the entirety of a body of water gets mixed around. As climate change causes those temperatures to get warmer year-round, adverse effects can follow. The Adirondack Council, another steward group that works across the whole Adirondack Park, writes that coldwater species are at risk if those summers get hotter. They point to the vulnerability of fish like brook and lake trout, which thrive in colder temperatures, especially during spawning and mating seasons. Blooming heat, blooming problems  When it comes, rain this week could have effects on the lake that environmental groups and the EPA say are tied to climate change, and could lead to some dangerous growth in the water. A 2013 study by the EPA links changing rainfall patterns to growth of harmful algal blooms (HABs), growths of potentially toxic algae in water bodies that can threaten the health of swimmers and aquatic life alike. Water where the harmful algal bloom was first discovered on Assembly Point in Lake George, N.Y., in summer 2020. (Photo: NY DEC)  Blooms feed on nutrient runoff into water bodies, which can come from sources like aging septic systems and salt and grime on roadways, both topics that the FUND and other groups around the lake have worked to combat in recent years. Some of those nutrients can also come when rain starts to fall, just like its set to later this week. The report says that the link between climate change and more concentrated bursts of intense rainfall can result in the transfer of more nutrients into water bodies, where they will stay for a longer period of time than usual. That gives blooms plenty to feed on. Despite work to combat them, the lake saw its first harmful algal bloom last year, and has seen numerous e.coli-related incidents related to septic runoff in recent years. Water where the harmful algal bloom was first discovered on Assembly Point in Lake George, N.Y., in summer 2020. (Photo: NY DEC)  Million Dollar Beach was closed for a weekend in early June due to high E. coli levels, which the New York DEC said at the time was likely related to recent heavy rainfall. The beach has seen numerous other closures due to similar E. coli level issues. That closure did not result in the discovery of an algal bloom. The report highlights other ways that a heat wave like this can impact the water in a place like Lake George. One issue is salinity, which increases as the amount of water in water bodies declines. That can be a symptom of increasing summer drought. Blooms dont feed on that salt, but react to an overabundance of it in ways that can cause the release of harmful toxins into the water, as the salt puts stress on bloom cells. Regardless of how salty the water, all algae species also feed on carbon dioxide. An increase in Co2 caused by climate change causes a buildup of carbon dioxide in water bodies, meaning more for blooms to feed on. Once grown large enough, blooms then rise to the surface, where their access only grows.