# Mysterious and vulnerable: the secret lives of Australia’s giant worms

Australia has a huge diversity of worms on land, sand and sea such as the giant Gippsland earthworm which can stretch up to 3 metres.

One of the world’s largest worms might escape notice, if not for the loud gurgling noises that can be heard coming from underground as the species burrows and squelches through its moist clay.

The giant Gippsland earthworm, a purple and pink colossus that lives in a small, wet patch about 100km east of Melbourne in south-east Australia, reportedly stretches as long as 2 to 3 metres.

These slow-moving and graceful giants, according to species specialist Dr Beverley Van Praagh, are quite unlike the “squiggly and squirmy” garden variety, which Guardian readers 

Even an average sized individual would eclipse the UK’s largest recorded specimen, a 40cm-long  found in a Cheshire vegetable patch.

Worm researchers such as Van Praagh say it is challenging to study an animal that lives underground, even one so immense.

[](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/03/mysterious-and-vulnerable-the-secret-lives-of-australias-giant-worms#img-2)

Sound of a Giant Gippsland earthworm  
_The sound of a Giant Gippsland earthworm.  
Credit: Dr Beverley Van Praagh, Invert-Eco_

Extreme care has to be taken when digging, as these are .

If you accidentally nick a giant worm it bleeds, and is unlikely to survive, Hinkley says. Anecdotal accounts describe “horrific” scenes of fields running “red with blood” when the worm’s habitat was first cleared and ploughed.

The gentle giants remain in small, isolated colonies, but as a long-lived species that produce few young, and continue to be threatened by changes to the water table, soil disturbance and excavation.

Dr Pat Hutchings, a senior fellow at the Australian Museum, said Australia had a huge diversity of worms, including many endemic species and several giants found on land, in sand and under the sea.

Hutchings specialises in sea worms, known as polychaetes. She described one large specimen, measuring at least 1 metre long, found in sediments under shallow waters about 180km north of Sydney.

The species was named _Eunice dharastii_ after the fisheries scientist Dr Dave Harasti, who managed to entice the iridescent worm out of its underwater tube by dangling an offering of fish head over the burrow.

[](https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/mar/03/mysterious-and-vulnerable-the-secret-lives-of-australias-giant-worms#img-3)

The sea worm _Eunice dharastii._  
_The sea worm Eunice dharastii.  
Credit: Dr Dave Harasti_

Hutchings said even though worms might be gathered together as one group of animals, they were incredibly diverse in their forms, behaviour and reproductive strategies.

“We’ve got this amazing biodiversity in Australia,” she said, including thousands of worm species. There just weren’t enough worm scientists yet to describe them.

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