<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="393" height="852" viewBox="0 0 393 852"><g id="html1"><g data-tag="head" id="head1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="script1"><g data-tag="script" id="script1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g><g data-tag="body" id="body1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" role="document" aria-owns="div1 style1"><g data-stacking-layer="rootBackgroundAndBorders"><rect width="393" height="852" x="0" y="0" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"/></g><g data-tag="div" id="div1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="strong1 em1 em2 em3"><g data-tag="strong" id="strong1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="700" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="18" textLength="11.6875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">1.</tspan></text></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="11.6875" y="18" textLength="188.03125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">This is a back-formation from</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span1"><g data-tag="span" id="span1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="199.71875" y="18" textLength="68.484375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destruction</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="268.203125" y="18" textLength="81.703125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">, formed as a</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="39" textLength="134.625" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">specific alternative to</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span2"><g data-tag="span" id="span2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="134.625" y="39" textLength="45.921875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destroy</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="180.546875" y="39" textLength="186.03125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">to denote a calculated action,</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="60" textLength="386.75" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">originally with reference to malfunctioning space missiles, then</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="81" textLength="389.078125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">in other military or related contexts, and later in figurative uses.</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="102" textLength="157.1875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">The normal past tense is</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span3"><g data-tag="span" id="span3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="157.1875" y="102" textLength="65.375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destructed</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="222.5625" y="102" textLength="111.28125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">. Like all so-called</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="123" textLength="384.671875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">‘ergative’ verbs, it can be used transitively (with an object) and</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="144" textLength="199.203125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">intransitively (without an object):</tspan></text></g><g data-tag="style" id="style1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g></g></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="834" height="1210" viewBox="0 0 834 1210"><g id="html1"><g data-tag="head" id="head1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="script1"><g data-tag="script" id="script1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g><g data-tag="body" id="body1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" role="document" aria-owns="div1 style1"><g data-stacking-layer="rootBackgroundAndBorders"><rect width="834" height="1210" x="0" y="0" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"/></g><g data-tag="div" id="div1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="strong1 em1 em2 em3"><g data-tag="strong" id="strong1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="700" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="18" textLength="11.6875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">1.</tspan></text></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="11.6875" y="18" textLength="188.03125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">This is a back-formation from</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span1"><g data-tag="span" id="span1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="199.71875" y="18" textLength="68.484375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destruction</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="268.203125" y="18" textLength="220.21875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">, formed as a specific alternative to</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span2"><g data-tag="span" id="span2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="488.421875" y="18" textLength="45.921875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destroy</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="534.34375" y="18" textLength="273.953125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">to denote a calculated action, originally with</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="39" textLength="796.578125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">reference to malfunctioning space missiles, then in other military or related contexts, and later in figurative uses. The normal past</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="60" textLength="52.140625" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">tense is</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span3"><g data-tag="span" id="span3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="52.140625" y="60" textLength="65.375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destructed</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="117.515625" y="60" textLength="702.9375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">. Like all so-called ‘ergative’ verbs, it can be used transitively (with an object) and intransitively (without an object):</tspan></text></g><g data-tag="style" id="style1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g></g></svg>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="1440" height="900" viewBox="0 0 1440 900"><g id="html1"><g data-tag="head" id="head1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="script1"><g data-tag="script" id="script1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g><g data-tag="body" id="body1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" role="document" aria-owns="div1 style1"><g data-stacking-layer="rootBackgroundAndBorders"><rect width="1440" height="900" x="0" y="0" fill="rgb(255, 255, 255)"/></g><g data-tag="div" id="div1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="strong1 em1 em2 em3"><g data-tag="strong" id="strong1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="700" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="18" textLength="11.6875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">1.</tspan></text></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="11.6875" y="18" textLength="188.03125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">This is a back-formation from</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span1"><g data-tag="span" id="span1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="199.71875" y="18" textLength="68.484375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destruction</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="268.203125" y="18" textLength="220.21875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">, formed as a specific alternative to</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span2"><g data-tag="span" id="span2" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="488.421875" y="18" textLength="45.921875" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destroy</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="534.34375" y="18" textLength="871.578125" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">to denote a calculated action, originally with reference to malfunctioning space missiles, then in other military or related contexts, and later in</tspan><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="0" y="39" textLength="254.984375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">figurative uses. The normal past tense is</tspan></text><g data-tag="em" id="em3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true" aria-owns="span3"><g data-tag="span" id="span3" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"><text color="rgb(0, 0, 139)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="italic" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 139)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="normal" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 139)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="254.984375" y="39" textLength="65.375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">destructed</tspan></text></g></g><text color="rgb(0, 0, 0)" dominant-baseline="text-after-edge" font-family="Helvetica, Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif" font-size="14px" font-size-adjust="none" font-stretch="100%" font-style="normal" font-variant="normal" font-weight="400" direction="ltr" letter-spacing="normal" text-decoration="none solid rgb(0, 0, 0)" text-anchor="start" text-rendering="auto" unicode-bidi="isolate" word-spacing="0px" writing-mode="horizontal-tb" user-select="auto" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)"><tspan xml:space="preserve" x="320.359375" y="39" textLength="702.9375" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">. Like all so-called ‘ergative’ verbs, it can be used transitively (with an object) and intransitively (without an object):</tspan></text></g><g data-tag="style" id="style1" data-z-index="auto" data-stacking-context="true"/></g></g></svg>
<body><div><strong>1.</strong> This is a back-formation from <em><span style="color: darkblue;">destruction</span></em>, formed as a specific alternative to <em><span style="color: darkblue;">destroy</span></em> to denote a calculated action, originally with reference to malfunctioning space missiles, then in other military or related contexts, and later in figurative uses. The normal past tense is <em><span style="color: darkblue;">destructed</span></em>. Like all so-called ‘ergative’ verbs, it can be used transitively (with an object) and intransitively (without an object):</div></body>

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