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Benefits and Risk of Omega-3 Fish Oil. Presented By: Daniel Knausz Advisor: Dr. Bill Grimes April 18, 2008. Background on Omega-3 Fatty Acids.
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Benefits and Risk of Omega-3 Fish Oil Presented By: Daniel Knausz Advisor: Dr. Bill Grimes April 18, 2008
Background on Omega-3 Fatty Acids • Fish Oil is extracted from the flesh of fish. It is primarily composed of two fatty acids known as Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and also contains smaller portions of Alpa-Linolenic Acid (ALA). • EPA and DHA acids are considered normal constituents of some human tissues, including brain cells, retina, adrenals, and sex organs; all the most active tissues in the body.
Background on Omega-3 Fatty Acids • These acids were given their name when researchers found that they were essential to normal growth in young children, thus they are defined as “Essential Fatty Acids.” • These acids can not be absorbed through the body, so it is up to our diet to determine the amount of Omega- 3 fatty acids in which we consume.
Background on Omega- 3 Fatty Acids • EPA and DHA are precursors to eicosanoids and provide an anti-inflammatory effect throughout the body • These fatty acids are used in the formation and fluidity of cell membranes, which help with maintenance of blood pressure and heart rate, nervous system function, and in hemostatic regulation, consisting of blood clotting and thromboxane production. • . EPA is a long chain fatty acid. It is the single vital nutrient that controls communication between nerve cells and the brain. • DHA is another long chain fatty acid. It is known as the building block of the brain cells since it is the most important component that makes up the brain
Background on Omega- 3 Fatty Acids • EPA and DHA fatty acids are more commonly found in cold water fish such as salmon and tuna. • This is one of the main reasons why people agree that these fish are good for our overall health • Omega-3 fatty acids can be purchased at any retail store and do not require a prescription or a medical practitioner referral. It is not expensive, usually ranging from $7 to $12 and usually come in capsules that contain 1000mg.
Background on Omega- 3 Fatty Acids • It can be taken up to three times daily and is usually more effective after a meal. The gel or capsule is usually enteric coated which protects the substances inside the capsule until it reaches the small intestine where it is readily absorbed. • Although, excess amounts of fish oil is harmful to the body, Fish oil supplements do not contain any form of mercury, according to the manufactures of the drug.
Prescription Fish Oil Supplements • There is currently one omega-3 medication that does require a prescription. This medication is generally used for those who have high triglyceride levels and its action is to significantly lower these unwanted levels • The medication is called Lovaza (Omega-3 acid ethyl ester), previous known as Omnicor, and is made up of a unique blend of EPA and DHA. These two substances are the main contributors to the lowering of triglyceride levels. • This medication is naturally derived and is also FDA approved. Lovaza does not have any drug abuse or withdrawal effects. • Lovaza capsules come in a 1G dose. The daily recommended dose is 4G per day. It can be taken as a single dose of 4 capsules or can be taken at two separate occasions that include 2G per dose. It is recommended that this product be taken with meals
Prescription Fish Oil Supplements • This drug is estimated to cost patients $300 per month if the patient does not have any health insurance. • Common makeup of Prescription Lovaza
Common problems with low intake of fatty acids • Some of the problems that can occur with low intake of Omega- 3 fatty acids include: dry, itchy skin, as well as coarse, bumpy patches on the skin, soft broken nails, dry, dull hair, and allergies. • Other problems can cause poor brain function and brain development in children.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Heart problems, cholesterol, arthritis, and diabetes are some of the major conditions in which fish oil provides some form of benefit or improved health. • Fish oil supplements seem to have an anti-arrhythmic effect on the heart as well as prevent cardiac arrest. In doing this, fish oil can help lower the mortality rate of those individuals having heart complications • Fish oil can benefit the heart because the EPA and DHA that make up the supplement helps to prevent plaque deposits and blood clots inside arteries.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Fish oil improves the ability of muscle cells to take up glucose in the presence of insulin. • This proves to be beneficial to those with type II diabetes.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Fish oil helps with cholesterol by lowering levels of LDL while also increasing levels of HDL • This may limit the amount of prescription anti-hyperlipidemic drugs that a person might have to take in their lifetime. • Fish oil has been shown to influence cholesterol by altering the production and catabolsim rates of HDL apolipoproteins. • The high rates of HDL can lead to a decrease in atherosclerosis by eliminating excess cholesterol from arterial cells.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Fish oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, especially the Eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA). They can improve overall function in joints as well as limit the amount of other anti-inflammatory drugs that a patient must consume with conditions such as arthritis or other inflammatory disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Fish oil has been shown to have effects in dealing with certain psychological disorders. • It has been found that omega- 3 fatty acids are known to have membrane enhancing capabilities in brain cells. • They cause more production of two neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine. • This allows patients to focus better on tasks that are at hand without as many distractions. The effects of Serotonin have been shown to help individuals better deal with stress and other activities.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • Fish oil has also been shown to have a number of beneficial benefits on the brain • It has been shown that 60% of the brain is made up of a structural fat, which has a high number of DHA in it, and the brain requires a regular intake of good fats such as the ones from omega-3 fatty acids. • Low intake of omega-3 fatty acids can lead to conditions such as ADHD, dyslexia, depression, aggression, Alzheimer’s Disease, or other dementia.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • The fatty acids that make up fish oil have proven to be effective in autistic patients with those individuals taking the supplement improving in language and learning skills in at least 8 different testing areas. • Possible benefits to autistic patients showed decreases in hyperactivity in their behavior
Common Uses for Fish Oil • There have also been a number of small trials where fish oil has been proven to be effective in treating children with ADHD • In these studies, it was documented that students had a increase in school performance as well as a decline in restlessness. • This can benefit a child because Fish Oil has minimal side effects compared to the neuro stimulatory drugs that are usually prescribed for ADHD.
Common Uses for Fish Oil • There have also been studies that indicate that Fish Oil relates to the risk of cancer. • It has been shown to help prevent three of the most common cancers, which are breast, prostate, and colon. • Omega- 3 Fish oil may stop the alteration of a normal cell to a cancerous mass, they may inhibit unwanted cellular growth, and cause apoptosis of cancer cells.
Possible Contraindications to Fish Oil Use • Possible contraindications include those who are allergic to fish or have developed a hypersensitivity to fish products. • Any person that has a bleeding problem or who is currently taking warfarin or another anticoagulant therapy should probably not take this supplement. • Fish oil has been shown to lower blood pressure; those individuals who usually have low blood pressure should not take this supplement because it may lead to severe hypotension. • Some patients may also complain of skin rashes, in this event, the patient should stop taking the supplement. • Many patients will complain of a fishy aftertaste with the supplement and should be encouraged to take it with meals.
Conclusion • . There will be many patients who encounter their medical professionals to decide if this supplement is right for them • Fish Oil will be one of the main supplements that will be debated in a number of medical studies. • Providers should educate their patients about the overall benefits that can come from this alternative supplement as well as assess their risk • . Many people do not realize that the fatty acids that are found in fish oil are essential to our overall health. As healthcare providers, it is up to us to inform our patients about the valuable source of energy and nutrients that this supplement can offer.
References • American Heart Association, “Fish and Omega-3 fatty acids” Available at: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4632 Accessed on: October 22, 2007 • Amminger GP, Berger GE, Schäfer MR, Klier C, Friedrich MH, Feucht M, “Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with autism: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study,” Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 2007, Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih/gov/pubmed16920077?ordinalpos, Accessed on: February 6, 2008 • Barre, Douglas Edward, “The role of consumption of alpha-linolenic, Eicosapentaneoic and Docosahexanaeoic acids in Human Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes, A Mini Review,” Journal of Oleo Science, 2007, Available at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jos/56/7/319/_pdf, Accessed on: February 16, 2008 • Bauer, Joy, “Understanding and improving your Cholesterol,” NBC Today, October 2007, Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21072785/, Accessed on: February 18, 2008 • BBC News Report, Serhan, Dr. Charles, “Oily fish helps cut inflammation” 2005, Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4325679.stm Accessed on: October 22, 2007 • Biro, Andy MD, MSC, CCFP, “Clarifying Omega-3 fatty acid recommendations” Can FAM Physician, September 2006, Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17279211 Accessed on: October, 29, 2007 • Donadio JV, Bergstrahl EJ, Bibus DM, Grande, JP, “Is body size a biomarker for optimizing dosing of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of patients with IgA nephropathy, Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 2006, Available at: http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/1/5/933 Accessed on: October 20, 2007 • Fishoil4health, Fish oil with Omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA, Available at: http://www.fishoil4health.com/ Accessed on: February 18, 2008 • Genuis, S.J., “time for an Oil Check: The role of essential Omega-3 fatty acids in maternal and pediatric health” Journal of Perinatology, 2006, Available at: http://www.nature.com/drugdisc/index Accessed on: October 20, 2007 • Harris, W.S., Isley, W.L., “Clinical Trial Evidence for the Cardioprotective of Omega-3 fatty acids,” Current Atherosclerosis Rep, 3: 174-197, 2001, Available at: www.fishoildirect.com/research.html Accessed on: February 18, 2008 • Holub, Bruce J., “treating Hypertiyglyceridemia” Canadian Medical Association Journal, September 11, 2007, Available at: • http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/177/6/604 Accessed on: October 29, 2007 • Hooper, Lee, “Risks and benefits of Omega 3 fats for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and cancer”, British Medical Journal, 332: 752-760, April 2006, Available at: http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint_abr/332/7544/752.pdf Accessed on: October 20, 2007
References • Maclean, Catherine H., MD, PhD, “Effects of Omega 3 fatty acids on cancer risk” Journal of the American Medical Association, January 2006, Available at: http://jama.amaassn.org/cgi/content/short/295/4/403 Accessed on: October 20, 2007 • MedlinePlus Herbs and supplements, Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid, Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov.medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-fishoil.html Accessed on: February 6, 2008 • Men’s Health, Complete Guide to Men’s Health, American Medical Association, 2001, pp. 43-49 • Mozaffarian, Dariush MD, Rimm, Eric B ScD, “Fish Intake contaminants and human health” Journal of the American Medical Association, October 18, 2006: Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/296/15/1885 Accessed on: October, 29, 2007 • Nordic Naturals, “Fish oil holds promise for those with Type II Diabetes”, 2006, Available at: http://www.hopegoss.com/frame.shtml?http://www.fishoilblog.com/, Accessed on: February 18, 2008 • Norris, Karen P. PharmD, “An evidenced-based medicine approach to the appropriate selection of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids” Nordic Naturals, Inc., June 1, 2007, Available at: • http://www.powerpak.com/index.asp?page=courses/105467/disclaimer.htm&lsn_id=105467 Accessed on: February 10, 2007 • Pejic, RN, Lee, DT, “Hypertriglyceridemia,” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 2006, Available at: http://www.jabfm.org/cgi/reprint/19/3/310, Accessed on: February 18, 2008 • Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD, RD; William S. Harris, PhD; Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH, for the Nutrition Committee, “Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 fatty acids, and Cardiovascular disease” American Heart Association, 2002, Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/106/21/2747 Accessed on: October 20, 2007 • Product Review, Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) from fish/marine oils, Consumer lab, 2005, Available at: http://www.consumerlab.com/results/omega3.asp Accessed on: October 21, 2007 • Reliant Pharmaceuticals, Lovaza patient Information, Available at: http://www.omacorrx.com/ Accessed on: February 17, 2008 • Schubert, Charlotte, “Secret of Fish Oil’s health effects revealed” Nature Journal, Available at: http://www.nature.com/news/2005/050307/full/news050307-8.html Accessed on: October 28, 2007 • Svensson M, Schmidt EB, Jørgensen KA, Christensen JH OPACH Study Group., “N-3 fatty acids as secondary prevention against Cardiovascular Events in patients who undergo Chronic Hemodialysis: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Intervention Trial, Clinical Journal of American Society of Nephrology, June 2006, Available at: http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/1/4/780 Accessed on: October 22, 2007 • Takahata K, Monobe K, Tada M, Weber PC., “The benefits and risks of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids” Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Japan, November 1998, Available at: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/62/11/2079/_pdf Accessed on: October 21, 2007 • Terry P, Wolk A, Vainio H, Weiderpass E., “Fatty fish consumption lowers the risk of Endometrial Cancer” American Association for Cancer Research, January 2002, Available at: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/11/1/143 Accessed on: October, 29, 2007 • University of Maryland Medical Center, Omega-3 fatty acids, Available at: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/conssupplements/omega3fattyacidscs.html Accessed on: October 21, 2007
References • Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, “n-3 fatty acids from fish or fish oil supplements benefit cardiovascular outcomes in primary and secondary prevention studies: a systematic review, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006, 84: 5-17 • Wataru Matsuyama, MD, PhD; Hideo Mitsuyama, MD; Masaki Watanabe, MD, PhD; Ken-ichi Oonakahara, MD; Ikkou Higashimoto, MD, PhD; Mitsuhiro Osame, MD, PhD and Kimiyoshi Arimura, MD, PhD: “Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on Inflammatory markers in COPD” American College of Chest Physicians, 2005, Available at: http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/128/6/3817 Accessed on: October, 29, 2007 • Young GS, Conquer JA, Thomas R, “Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,” Reproduction, Nutrition, Development Sciences Journal, 2005, Available at: http://rnd.edpsciences.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/rnd:2005045, Accessed on: February 6, 2008


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There are many “labels” of dog food types, and limited ingredient dog food is just one of the many dog food options.
But how do you know if it’s the right choice for your dog?
Today, we’re taking a look at what makes limited ingredient dog food different from other types, formulas, and recipes, and how you can tell if it’s the right fit for your dog’s needs.
Table of Contents
- What is Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
- Common Allergens and Better Ingredient Choices
- Are There Guidelines for Classifying a Food as Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
- What Makes a Good Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
- But Does Your Dog Need Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
- Can Your Dog Eat Limited Ingredient Dog Food Even If They Don’t Have Allergies?
What is Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
Limited ingredient dog food is a pet food formula made with fewer ingredients and usually better quality ingredients when compared to more traditional dog foods (read: popular and often cheaper).
The food itself is also manufactured a little differently, and this manufacturing process reduces the likelihood of reactions in allergy-prone dogs.
How is Limited Ingredient Dog Food Different?
While there is no official definition, several factors would classify a pet food formula as a “limited ingredient dog food” brand.
- Amount of filler
- Number of ingredients
- Protein sources
- Number of protein sources
Let's take a closer look at each of these and what exactly they mean.
They are often colloquially referred to as “filler” ingredients or “fillers.”
Some really bad dog foods will have many of these useless ingredients.
Fillers may include things like cottonseed hulls, rice bran, corn bran, wheat mill run, rice hulls, straw, modified corn starch, and peanut hulls (to name a few).
These ingredients are added to increase or “bulk up” the amount of food a large corporation can produce while keeping its costs low.
While pet owners may complain about this, this makes most commercial foods affordable for consumers because most companies pass the savings on to the buyer (at least to some extent).
This is why premium dog food is also much more expensive, as explained by nutritionist Dr. Jennifer Adolphe, Ph.D.
Unfortunately, while they do save us some money, filler ingredients are also more likely to cause undesirable reactions in dogs, particularly related to allergy concerns.
This is why limited-ingredient dog food was invented, and it's made without “filler” ingredients.
Fewer Ingredients Overall
As with filler content, many big-name corporations include ingredients that are not necessary for their food.
This may also be done to increase the amount of food, but these ingredients do have some nutritive value or provide “appeal” to the food (unlike filler ingredients).
However, their purpose is still to dilute the cost of manufacturing.
The problem is that adding more “junk” ingredients to food increases the likelihood that a dog prone to allergies will experience an allergic reaction.
Limited ingredient dog foods are made with as few ingredients as possible to limit possible allergens and only prioritize the most essential ingredients in their recipes.
Many cheap commercial dog foods are also made using less expensive ingredients, which are more likely to cause allergies in dogs.
For example, low-quality ingredients like by-product meals and other rendered animal products are not for human consumption (they are considered inedible waste), yet they are frequently used in cheaper dog foods.
Some pet food companies will argue that things like meat meals contain more protein and are nutritious (which is true), but the real reason is that they cut the cost of manufacturing pet foods and allow us to buy dog food at lower prices.
However, even if meat meals and other types of byproducts are indeed nutritious, the real problem is that there's no way for pet owners to know the source of these meat meals, which can be anything, including dead or diseased animals.
They can also be from sources more likely to cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in dogs.
Limited ingredient dog food brands are made using higher quality proteins and better cuts of meat from those protein sources.
Companies manufacturing this line of dog food will usually try to maintain a better reputation for their limited-ingredient dog food recipes.
Single Source Proteins
Using multiple proteins in dog foods is another way commercial dog food companies cut their cost.
For example, bison is a desirable protein, but it’s more expensive than more traditional protein sources.
So, a company can claim bison in their food but also dilute their cost by incorporating cheaper proteins like chicken.
While multiple proteins cut the manufacturing cost for companies and the purchase price for you, they also increase the possibility of allergens in the food.
Studies have found that some of the commonly used protein sources in dog food, such as beef and chicken, are most likely to cause allergic reactions in dogs.
Limited-ingredient dog food is almost always made using a single protein source.
This allows pet owners of allergy-prone dogs to easily select a dog food brand that does not contain their dog’s allergen or find out which foods are the cause of allergic reactions.
Rarer Protein Sources
Dogs with allergies and sensitivities to foods are more likely to have allergies to ingredients that are overused and overproduced.
For example, chicken is something companies include in the majority of their products and something that is produced en masse in our culture.
This pattern of overuse and mass production leads to shortcuts that lower the quality of food products and increase the likelihood of allergic reactions in dogs.
Many limited-ingredient dog food brands contain less common protein sources to avoid the likelihood of allergic reactions.
They are often referred to as novel proteins, and studies have found these to be the least likely to trigger symptoms of food allergies in dogs.
Common Allergens and Better Ingredient Choices
As I've said above, some foods and ingredients are more likely to cause allergies in dogs.
Therefore, these ingredients are the first to be eliminated from limited-ingredient diets.
The now eliminated ingredients are replaced with more hypoallergenic ingredients or suitable alternative ingredients.
Those aren't always novel/rare protein sources but simply something that may suit your particular dog better.
For example, a beef allergy formula may use chicken as a protein source.
Look at the chart below to get an idea of what these foods are:
|Less Likely to Aggravate Allergies
Are There Guidelines for Classifying a Food as Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
No, there is no specific guidelines that allow companies to label their foods as being officially recognized as “limited ingredient dog food.”
In short, food can meet one or all of the points above and still be labeled as limited-ingredient food.
That said, most reputable pet food companies will try to maintain a good reputation and follow the above-mentioned guidelines.
All you have to do when picking a limited-ingredient dog food brand is check the ingredients list and make sure everything fits, and it's rare that it doesn't.
But let's discuss this in more detail.
What Makes a Good Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
If there are no guidelines or regulatory boards monitoring the labeling of limited-ingredient dog foods, how can a pet owner know what makes a good limited-ingredient dog food brand and that it's safe to buy?
Although there are no “limited ingredient” labeling regulations, there are nutrition regulations that dog food manufacturers must abide by.
These regulations determine how a dog's food is labeled for feeding.
For example, if a dog food formula is labeled for supplementary feeding only, then it's not a “good” dog food choice that can be relied upon to provide your pets with the necessary nutrients they need to thrive.
All “good” limited-ingredient dog food brands will be labeled by the AAFCO for “all life stages” or — even better — for specific life stages that are suitable for your dog and referred to as “complete” or “balanced” (this is because “all life stages” label in itself is questionable).
Quantity and Quality of Ingredients
Fewer ingredients are the primary reason why limited ingredient dog food exists; however, the quality of those ingredients should still be considered and sometimes prioritized over the number of ingredients.
For example, if you were to compare two limited-ingredient dog food brands — one with five ingredients and one with seven ingredients — you may be tempted to think the food with five ingredients was a better choice. Not so fast.
If you look at the ingredients list, you may see that the five-ingredient dog food package contains three filler ingredients and is not labeled as “complete” or “balanced.”
You may then see that the seven-ingredient dog food contains all whole foods and is labeled as “complete” or “balanced.”
In this instance, the better of the two choices has more ingredients but provides better nutrition.
Place of Packaging and Brand Reputation
The place of manufacturing/packaging of any dog food brand is another consideration that remains the same regardless of the type of food you are buying.
Pet food manufacturing laws and regulations differ from country to country.
If a limited ingredient dog food is manufactured in a plant in Thailand or China, for example, you should keep in mind that quality control in those countries is not the same as quality control in the USA or Europe (and this is why).
Apart from checking the reputation of packaging and manufacturing plants, you should always check the reputation of the food brand as well.
If you were interested in buying food made by Earthborn (made by Midwestern Pet Food company), you would see that they have had no recalls in the past at the time of this writing.
The no-recall history bodes well for you and your pet. But again, not so fast.
Say you were interested in buying food made by Artemis, for example, and you see that while Artemis has never had their dog food recalled, their manufacturing is done by Diamond Pet Foods, and their food is made alongside Evangers Foods.
Both Diamond and Evangers have had recalls in the past.
All of this matters and paints a good picture for you to make a better choice with picking dog food.
Preferably, you should always choose a limited-ingredient dog food that is made in the U.S. and packaged in the U.S. by a company with few to no recalls in the past.
There are several companies that are notorious for having a large amount of dog food recalls, but as the article explains, that also doesn't always mean all of their foods should be avoided.
Source of Ingredients
For example, a company may say that its food is manufactured and packaged in the U.S., but its ingredients may be sourced from China. That's a major problem.
Now, it’s not necessary to have all of your ingredients sourced in the U.S.
And it's not essential that a company manufactures their dog food in the same location as where their ingredients are coming from, too.
Take a lamb, for instance – it is very often sourced in New Zealand.
What you need to do, however, is separate the countries with good quality control procedures from those with bad quality control procedures.
So, a food using New Zealand lamb or Canadian beef would be perfectly acceptable, but a food using Chinese corn gluten would not.
This is why I created lists like top dog food brands and top puppy food brands, where I've gone through not only specific food ingredient lists but also the company's reputation, recall history, and other data to pinpoint which ones are least likely to be harmful to our dogs.
But Does Your Dog Need Limited Ingredient Dog Food?
It's likely that your dog doesn't need it, but there's a way for you to assess for this.
Studies show that, on average, only 10% (or fewer) of dogs will experience food-related allergies and sensitivities.
This seems like a low number, but recent panic over the detriment of certain ingredients like grains has led to pet owners falsely believing that their dogs are allergic to those ingredients.
So, what can you do if you can’t assume your dog has an allergy?
Watch for Symptoms
For more details, read some actual science-based expert articles from veterinarians on how to diagnose food allergies in dogs (this, this, and this are accurate and expert-written articles about food allergies in dogs).
Briefly, symptoms of dog food allergies you should look out for include:
- Regular diarrhea
- Obvious discomfort after eating (bloated belly, crying, inability to find a comfortable place to rest; be sure not to confuse this with canine bloat)
- Vomiting regularly after eating
- Dry and flaking skin
- Constant scratching (when another skin condition is not present)
- Chewing feet
- Recurrent ear infections
- Hair loss
- Skin infections
- Unusual skin odor (usually due to skin infections/yeast)
If your dog is showing none of these signs and no other signs of discomfort or poor health during or after eating, your pooch is likely fine with the ingredients in his current dog food brand, and there's no reason to change it.
If you do notice some of the symptoms mentioned above, you will need to pinpoint what it is that your dog is allergic to or sensitive to.
There are two methods of doing this: (1) allergy testing and (2) the elimination diet. Let's briefly cover this.
Any veterinarian can perform allergy testing on your dog, and it’s the fastest and most accurate method of determining what allergies your Fido has and whether they should be switched to limited-ingredient dog food.
Talk to your vet about the symptoms you have seen in your dog and ask them to conduct allergy testing.
There are several types of dog allergy tests, and they are priced similarly.
Intradermal testing for allergens (or skin testing) will cost around $200. This method involves sedating your dog and pricking their skin to introduce allergens, then watching for a reaction on the skin.
Blood testing (or serum IgE testing) ranges from $200 to $300. This involves taking a sample of your dog’s blood to test for allergen reactions in a laboratory setting.
Most pet owners opt for intradermal testing because it is the most reliable form of allergy testing.
For elderly pets and pets with compromised immune systems, however, blood testing is preferred since it is minimally invasive and does not require sedation.
There are “at home” allergen test kits for dogs (like this one), and they cost just above $100.
However, these are much less reliable, and some may even say a useless waste of money. It's better to test your dog at the vet for a few extra dollars.
The Elimination Diet
Another method of identifying your dog’s allergens is the elimination diet, which can be done at home all by yourself. This will involve several phases, but it's fairly simple.
During the first phase of this diet, select a small bag of very limited ingredient dog food that contains protein and carbohydrates that your dog has never or rarely been exposed to (for example, bison and sweet potatoes).
Be sure to read the ingredient list thoroughly to make sure none of the “big allergens” are included in the food in any way. Start feeding your dog this food.
Generally, it is recommended to always gradually transition your dog into new foods over the course of 7-10 days.
However, if your dog is exhibiting severe allergy symptoms, then it may be best to jump directly into the new food.
After a week or two of feeding your dog this limited-ingredient dog food diet, you should notice an improvement in your pet's health.
If you do not see any improvements, consider a different novel protein source, perhaps ostrich, and repeat the test again.
If you notice a change in your dog’s health after switching them to a limited-ingredient dog food formula, you can keep them on this new food but slowly (one at a time) add small amounts of new ingredients.
This will help you to track specifically which ingredient your dog is having trouble with.
The unfortunate thing about the elimination diet is that it takes a while to complete, and it can get quite costly in the end.
The hit-and-miss nature of this treatment plan is also very frustrating for dogs and their owners because there are so many possible allergens it can be hard to identify the offending one (unless you get lucky in the very beginning).
Can Your Dog Eat Limited Ingredient Dog Food Even If They Don’t Have Allergies?
A dog doesn’t have to have allergies in order to eat a limited-ingredient dog food brand.
In fact, many pet parents choose limited-ingredient dog foods to eliminate unnecessary fillers and keep their dog’s diet as clean as possible with fewer ingredients.
If you do feed your dogs a limited-ingredient dog food diet and they don’t have allergies, it’s best to rotate through foods in the same line.
This provides protein diversity and reduces the chance of your dog experiencing sensitivities to foods in the future.

domain: health


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Easy-on shape with nominal width: 56mm
Durex quality: 100% electronically tested with 5 more quality tests carried out on every batch


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3M™ Attest™ Super Rapid Readout Steam Challenge Pack 1496VF
Twenty four minute Biological Indicator Challenge Pack for 132°C (270°F) 4 minute and 135°C (275°F) 3 minute Dynamic Air Removal Steam Sterilization. Each pack contains one 3M™ Attest™ Super Rapid Readout Biological Indicator 1492V.
Product Additional DescriptionThe 3M™ Attest™ Super Rapid Readout Steam Challenge Pack 1496 is specifically designed for routinely challenging and conducting qualification testing of 270°F (132°C) and 275°F (135°C) dynamic‑air‑removal steam sterilization processes in healthcare facilities. This convenient disposable challenge pack presents a challenge to the sterilization process equivalent to the user‑assembled biological indicator (BI) challenge test pack (towel PCD) recommended by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). Each challenge pack contains a 3M™ Attest™ Super Rapid Readout Biological Indicator 1492V (brown cap) and a record keeping sheet. Non laminated medical index cards in challenge pack are made of paper and are recyclable.
Product Tech Data Sheet
Product FeatureProvides BI results in 24 minutes in 3M Attest 490/490H Auto-readers with software version 4.2.7 or greater, Dynamic-air-removal (Pre-vacuum and SFPP): 132˚C (270˚F) 4 min. 135˚C (275˚F) 3 min., Contains a 3M™ Attest ™ Super Rapid Readout Biological Indicator 1492V, The 3M™ Attest ™ Super Rapid Readout Biological Indicator 1492V contained in the challenge pack meets ISO and FDA performance requirements for biological indicators, The biological indicator within the challenge pack contains viable organisms that provide a direct measure of lethality, Puts your instrument turnaround speed into overdrive
Call For Pricing402 580-4478


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Like a fortifying protein smoothie, this reparative leave-in conditioner cream from Paul Mitchell Clean Beauty is made with organic amaranth extract and vegan pea protein to help strengthen the hair fiber and restore hair back to health. Slather on the creamy goodness to help repair weakened hair leaving strands soft, shiny and easy to comb.
Handcrafted with sustainably sourced ingredients of 83% natural origin that deliver professional results in recyclable, bio-based packaging made from sugarcane for a heal your hair/heal the earth moment.
- Leave-in conditioner
- Restores hair
- Softens and adds shine
- Improves manageability
- Good for damaged, brittle hair
- Made with Amaranth Extract and Pea Protein
How to use:
Use on freshly cleansed hair to help detangle and keep hair strong and soft throughout the day.
Available in 150ml
Free standard delivery on all Australian orders over $199
$14.95 standard delivery for all other Australian orders
$25 express delivery for Australian orders*
$50 for International - extra charges may apply


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Are you looking for the answer. Betterhelp First Month Half Off…Though protection for therapy and other psychological health services generally differs based on the medical insurance service provider and private strategy, is not covered by the majority of strategies. Consulting your health insurance provider is the very best way to find out about your coverage.
In general, provides economical pricing that may be equivalent with the co-payments needed by the majority of insurance coverage strategies.
‘s costs are paid straight by the user. Still, even when your medical insurance plan, Medicaid, or Medicare doesn’t cover therapy through, you may find it to be an inexpensive option that provides an excellent worth.
It’s constantly an excellent practice to confirm with the manager or bank that oversees your HSA, but usually, is HSA eligible. Individuals can typically use funds from an HSA (health savings account), FSA (flexible costs account), or HRA (health repayment plan).
Utilizing an HSA to cover’s costs can be a cost-saving choice.’s services typically cost a portion of what standard therapy can cost– and using pre-taxed income reserved in an HSA can be a various way to conserve cash while getting effective aid.
does not sell user data. The company is dedicated to privacy, confidentiality, and security.
therapists are trained, experienced, and certified psychologists (Ph.D./ PsyD), licensed marital relationship and family therapists (LMFT), licensed medical social workers (LCSW) or licensed professional counselors (LPC). They each hold a master’s degree and a doctoral degree in their field of know-how.
Many therapists on are nationally certified addiction therapists. They can help with addiction healing, treatment, and avoidance.
Relationship and household treatment are available through.– for those wanting to set goals in a relationship, couples therapy can be very helpful. Treatment can likewise help you improve household dynamics. Betterhelp First Month Half Off
‘s certified psychological health companies also offer private treatment for a wide range of problems, such as anxiety, depression, lgbtqia, trauma+ assistance, tension, sorrow, anger management, eating/disordered consuming issues, profession factors to consider, sleep obstacles, and more.


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Liver transplant surgery - For Order Herbal Active Liver Detox
Buy Natural Active Liver Detox Liver transplant surgery -
Optimize your liver function and feel better with LiverActive Homeopathic Spray
Not only is your liver the largest organ in your body, it's also "chief cook and bottle washer," responsible for keeping the rest of your organs and systems free of toxins and functioning smoothly—and it has a pretty big job description:
- Producing bile, which aids digestion and emulsifies fats
- Metabolizing proteins and converting amino acids
- Regulating thyroid hormones
- Creating GTF (Glucose Tolerance Factor) to regulate blood sugar levels
- Transforming nearly all nutrients into biochemicals the body can store, transport and use
- Plus MUCH more...
The trouble is, with today's poor diets, environmental toxins and hectic lifestyles, your liver is often overworked and underpaid—which can impact how you feel everyday.
Is your liver a "silent sufferer?"
Instead of complaining bitterly, an overworked liver just gets sluggish about doing its various jobs, and people often go years enduring fatigue and other health issues that may actually be signs that the liver isn't functioning optimally.
LiverActive Homeopathic Spray can help!
For centuries, homeopathic practitioners have relied on natural, plant-based ingredients to help detoxify the body and promote healthy body functions. Our LiverActive Liver Detox formula contains several natural ingredients to help maintain a healthy liver. It's easy...just spritz under the tongue up to 3 times a day—no pills to swallow—and no complicated formulas to mix. Just healthy, natural support that your liver will thank you for!
A liquid oral spray, LiverActive™ is designed to be absorbed into the blood vessels under the tongue, bypassing the digestive tract, which may slow the absorption of orally administered products.
In homeopathy, sublingual application is designed to speed delivery of ingredients to reduce your symptoms so you can feel better—and resume your normal activities sooner.
Multiple All-Natural Ingredients for Better Support:
Why should you choose LiverActive? While it's simple to use, our formula is a complex blend of plant-based ingredients known to provide excellent liver support, and our homeopathic experts go to great lengths to assure purity and quality. We set the highest standards in our formulations, and choose only top-of-the-line ingredients you can trust, like:
Bryonia alba: Once worn as a wreath by Augustus Caesar to protect him from lightning strikes, Bryonia is a fast-growing perennial found across much of Southeastern Europe. Homeopathically, it has been used to relieve ailments related to respiratory health headaches and joint pain.
Carduus marianus: Also known as Milk Thistle, Carduus m. has been used medicinally for over 2,000 years, most commonly to treat ailments associated with the liver and gallbladder.
Chelidonium majus: This yellow-flowered poppy relative has been used as a detoxifying agent as far back as the 1st century AD, and is helpful in supporting liver, kidney and spleen function. Homeopathic practitioners have used it to treat respiratory, bowel and circulation impairments as well as jaundice.
Listen to your liver... don't ignore the warning signs!
Ignoring your liver's cries for help will only exacerbate health issues—so take steps to insure that your liver stays happy and healthy!!
5 Steps to a cleaner, healthier liver:
1. Take LiverActive Homeopathic Spray—a natural liver detox you can count on.
Our formula works safely and gently to help detoxify your your body and support liver health but you can do more...
The American Liver Foundation suggests 4 more ways to reduce your exposure to toxins (both external and internal) that can affect your liver function:
2. Be careful what you breathe: Limit your exposure to airborne toxins, which include aerosol cleaning agents. Ventilate the room and/or wear a mask even when using simple house cleaners, bug sprays, paint or chemical sprays. Don't smoke!
3. Be careful what gets on your skin: Cover your skin to protect it, and wash well after using insecticides or other chemicals; make sure tattooing, piercing, and other needles are sterilized. Get some sunshine!
It helps your liver make Vitamin D!
4. Be careful what medicines you take: Avoid unnecessary medications—including prescriptions—and don't take too many pain relievers, flu and cold remedies. NEVER mix alcohol with other drugs and medications! Read labels to know the risks certain drugs pose to your liver.
5. Be careful what you eat and drink: Every toxin absorbed by the small intestine, stomach, pancreas, and spleen hits the liver through the venous blood supply first, so a healthy, balanced diet is key to good liver function. Keep your "filter" clean—avoid heavily processed junk foods, sugary drinks and alcohol.
Is a grumpy liver impacting your health? Don't wait!
Use LiverActive Homeopathic Spray in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle, and Keep Your Liver in Tip-Top Shape!
Get started TODAY, and help flush your liver of toxins, excess fats and waste.
When your liver works properly—so does the rest of you!
We take great pride in the quality of our products and want you to be pleased with your purchase. We believe in offering the very best value, quality and selection to our customers. *Policy Details
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January 28, 2017. Liver Transplant Patient Guide - USC Department of Surgery (http://www.surgery.usc.edu/hepatobiliary/pg-livertr ansplant-postoperativecomplications.html)
A liver transplant is surgery to give you a healthy liver from another person. You may get a whole new liver or just part of a new liver. The new liver may come from...
February 1, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery Guide - UHN (http://www.uhn.ca/MOT/PatientsFamilies/Liver_Transp lant_Program/Transplant_Surgery/Liver_Transplant_Su rgery_Guide/)
Toronto Video Atlas of Transplant and HPB Surgery:... Case Description. The patient is a 45 year old man. The living donor is the patient's 42 year old sister.
February 10, 2017. How Do Transplants Work - Canadian Liver Foundation (http://www.liver.ca/liver-disease/liver-transplants /how-do-transplants-work/)
MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute's Center for Liver and Pancreas Surgery is one of the largest liver transplant centers in the region, with 106 transplants a year.
February 8, 2017. Liver transplantation - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_transplantation)
This video documents a liver transplant performed by Dr. Mark Ghobrial at The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas. This is a photoessay by Dr. Joseph...
February 2, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery | Liver Transplant | Barnes... (http://www.barnesjewish.org/Medical-Services/Transp lant/Liver-Transplant/Liver-Transplant-Process/Live r-Transplant-Surgery)
Our doctors performed the first live donor liver transplant in New England over 30 years ago. At Lahey, you can be confident you are in expert hands.
February 7, 2017. Overview - Liver transplant - Mayo Clinic (http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/liver-tr ansplant/home/ovc-20211840)
Liver transplant surgery and management after surgery carry major risks. There is an increased risk of infection because you must take medicines that suppress the...
January 27, 2017. Liver transplant surgery | Cancer Research UK (http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/liver- cancer/treatment/surgery/liver-transplant-surgery)
If you are receiving a living donor liver transplant, you will be admitted the day before your surgery, to have a final assessment and ensure you are fit for surgery.
February 11, 2017. Liver transplant What you can expect - Mayo Clinic (http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/liver-tr ansplant/details/what-you-can-expect/rec-20211848)
A liver transplant is major surgery with an operation lasting between six and eight hours. As with any major medical procedure, liver transplantation has risks.
January 31, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery - Lahey Hospital & Medical Center (http://www.lahey.org/departments_and_locations/depa rtments/transplantation/liver_transplant/?_vsignck& amp;_vsrefdom=liver_kidney)
Pre-Transplant: Liver transplantation was first performed in British Columbia in 1989. At present, about 60 to 70 adults undergo liver transplantation annually in B.C.
February 3, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery Abroad | Cost of Liver Transplant... (https://www.medicaltourismco.com/liver-transplant-s urgery-abroad/)
A liver transplant is a surgery which replaces a diseased liver with a healthy liver. The donor liver can come from a living donor (part of the liver is surgically...
January 26, 2017. Liver Transplant: Before Your Surgery - Alberta (https://myhealth.alberta.ca/health/AfterCareInforma tion/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=zc2600)
After liver transplantation, the patient must visit the transplant surgeon or hepatologist frequently, about 1-2 times a week over about 3 months.
January 30, 2017. Liver Transplant | BC Transplant (http://www.transplant.bc.ca/patients/liver-transpla nt)
Before a liver transplant surgery is prescribed, your doctor needs to assess a lot of factors. Every candidate is not the right candidate for transplant.
February 9, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery - MedStar Georgetown University... (http://www.medstargeorgetown.org/our-services/medst ar-georgetown-transplant-institute/treatments/liver -transplant-surgery/)
Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with some or all of a healthy liver from another person. The most...
February 4, 2017. Liver cancer surgery - American Cancer Society (http://www.cancer.org/cancer/livercancer/detailedgu ide/liver-cancer-treating-surgery)
Our highly trained surgical team has performed more than 1,700 successful liver transplants, giving us unique depth of expertise in liver transplant surgery.
February 5, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery | University of Maryland Medical... (https://umm.edu/programs/transplant/services/liver/ liver-transplant-surgery)
Liver transplant surgery abroad at affordable costs. Liver transplant surgery cost in India is at a fraction of its cost in the US. Gewt low cost and quality
January 29, 2017. About Liver Transplant Surgery - lyfboat.com (https://www.lyfboat.com/procedures/liver-transplant -surgery/)
A liver transplant surgery can extend from six hours to fifteen hours, depending on the complexities that rise during the procedure.
February 12, 2017. Transplant Surgery - Liver Transplant (http://transplant.surgery.ucsf.edu/conditions proc edures/liver-transplantation.aspx)
Liver transplant may be the only option for advanced liver disease. Learn abut the criteria, transplant list, survival rate, and life expectancy for people who...
February 6, 2017. Liver Transplant Surgery | Tampa General Hospital (https://www.tgh.org/services/transplant/liver-trans plant/liver-transplant-surgery)
At this time, surgery, either with resection (removal of the tumor) or a liver transplant, offers the only reasonable chance to cure liver cancer.


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From Our Editors
Gainesville's Fundamental Therapy Solutions provides individualized care for a wide variety of medical treatments. If you're looking for a gentle and beneficial alternative remedy, browse the selection of treatments that this clinic has to offer. Enjoy a relaxing massage at this clinic and remove the stress that has been building up. Keep yourself feeling healthy and active and pay Fundamental Therapy Solutions a visit for a quick check-up.


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CoolSculpting is a procedure that eliminates stubborn fat safe and effectively, without any surgery or downtime. The CoolSculpting treatment is the only FDA-cleared procedure to use controlled cooling to safely target and eliminate fat that is resistant to diet and exercise. With over 5 million treatments performed, the results are proven, noticeable and lasting. We can help you Achieve your goal of looking great at every angle.
The ACCUSCULPT™ procedure is an exciting body contouring treatment developed to meet the needs of patients seeking significant results with minimal downtime. It is ideal for areas such as the hips, thighs, knees, bra line, arms, and chest. Your physician uses the AccuSculpt contouring system to remove excess fat deposits that have settled in the target regions, which also results in overall skin tightening of the treated areas. Patented technology makes the procedure safer, more effective and less invasive than competing technologies.
There are no side-effects to a body sculpting procedure which must be reason enough for anyone who wants to try the treatment. Unlike traditional surgeries which pose a risk of infection due to going under general anesthesia not to mention the risk of post-surgical allergies. Apart from that, there is no indication of pain anywhere in the body sculpting procedure. Patients might experience a mild discomfort and that is only due to the initial focusing of light on their designated area. There’s no other sign of discomfort throughout the whole procedure. Plus, none of the patients have reported any type of infection that occurred as a result of the body sculpting procedure.
Disclaimer: The information throughout this cosmetic dermatology website is not intended to be taken as medical advice. The information provided by Dr. Rebecca Fitzgerald is intended to provide general information regarding cosmetic treatments including acne treatment, sun spot treatment, acne scar removal, hyperpigmentation, rosacea treatment, vein treatment and more for residents of Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Larchmont and throughout the state of California. If you are interested in finding out more, please contact us today for a personal consultation.
"We're absolutely delighted to announce the acquisition of Soho Gyms and look forward to welcoming their members to Pure Gym. As the leading gym operator in the country and in the capital, this deal will clearly benefit our existing members as well as provide more affordable and flexible options to people across London. With well over 200 great facilities nationwide, 24 hour opening, monthly memberships offering exceptional value, and no requirement for a 12 month contract we continue to change the game of fitness and activity in the UK and deliver on our commitment to Inspire a Healthier Nation."
PureGym will convert all of the Soho Gyms sites into the PureGym format through a rolling refurbishment programme. Similar to the successful integration of the LA Fitness business, which it acquired in 2015, PureGym will invest in refurbishing the gyms, providing Soho Gyms' existing members with access to first-class facilities and a growing nationwide network of 214 gyms. This transaction will bring the number of sites in PureGym's London estate to 59.
"PureGym offers a highly attractive and flexible proposition and its popularity is evidenced by continued strong growth in both members and sites. This transaction will give users of Soho Gyms access to the largest network of gyms in the UK. I'm confident that our members will benefit from the combination and that PureGym's investment across the estate will further enhance the services our sites deliver."
CoolSculpting, launched in the US in 2010, is a technology-based system which basically freezes fat cells away. As discussed above, when we gain and lose weight, our fat cells basically grow and shrink, but our proportions pretty much stay the same. CoolSculpting is revolutionary in that it lets you target your stubborn fat with “spot treatment.” That means the fat comes off where you want it too. And for the first time, safe and effective spot reduction of fatty bulges can be performed noninvasively, and with no downtime.
The SlimCo System is not intended for use in the diagnosis of a disease or any other condition or in the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, and is not intended to affect the structure or function of the body. These products are cosmetic in nature and do not claim to impart any health benefits. The statements on this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug administration.
As of 24/09/18 PureGym has taken over what was once Soho! In Lewisham where I have been a member of ...for years! And was very happy with the level of service and facilities. Launch day there was pure gym staff everywhere in the gym but no one to assist those of us that had problems getting in with the new pin method! Before it was just a finger print! Once in the gym... I always wipe down the machines before and after I use them only to find all the tissues and hygiene sprays had all been removed! When asked a member of staff I was told they don’t provide it and I need to bring my own!!! How unhygienic!


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Is Private Addiction Treatment Right for Me?
There are many benefits to private addiction treatment but that doesn’t necessarily mean that this method of treatment is the right action for everyone who is addicted to drugs or alcohol. Many people cannot afford private addiction treatment and for others, the utmost privacy that is provided in these programs is simply more than necessary to provide adequate comfort and care. Most people will find that private addiction treatment is a valuable service that can be highly effective at treating a wide range of addictions including drug or alcohol abuse but the high cost of this type of treatment keeps it out of reach for many people.
What’s the Big Deal?
So what’s so great about private addiction treatment? The privacy of course! People who choose private addiction treatment choose this method of care mainly for their own privacy matters. No other type of addiction treatment will provide such a tight niche focus on keeping matters private. In fact, private addiction treatment programs respect the individual privacy of those in recovery so much that they even allow members to choose whether or not they will take part in group therapy sessions.
Who Should Choose Private Treatment?
If you still trying to figure out if private treatment is the right choice for you, consider how important your privacy is to you. Keep in mind that you will always be protected by patient privileges when you talk with a counselor regardless of whether you seek private treatment or attend a more community or public based treatment program. However, when you choose private treatment you have the added ability to keep everything private. This means that you don’t even have to share in group meetings with others who are also in the private program.
Private treatment for addiction takes your privacy a step further by providing you with your own living quarters, your own space and your own privacy. This is something that is not always offered at standard or traditional treatment programs where you may have to share a room or share living space, meals and group sessions with others who are in treatment. Additionally, most private treatment programs are not labeled outside and the addresses are not publicly listed so if you are seen coming and going from the facility, nobody will know what you are doing or that you are getting help for addiction.
Private treatment is ideal for those who cannot allow others to know of their addiction. For instance doctors, teachers, or members of the legal system who may be banned from their jobs if their problem with drugs or alcohol were to be announced to the public may find private treatment a safer and more comfortable option for getting help when they need it.


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Motion & Altitude Sickness
WHAT PEOPLE ARE SAYING
TONI, POST-RECOVERY CANCER MEDICATIONS
Anti-Na ginger chews have really made a difference.
I have tried other chews that are hard to chew on and hard to suck on. They are soft...such a blessing!
It's a nice tradeoff to having to take over-the-counter medications. So thrilled I found them. Thank you!
ALLISON, OCCASIONAL NAUSEA
I am a huge fan of these chews. They are amazing, they taste really good, and they really work. You should be buying them right now. I'm a happy customer.
Anti-Na chews help settle the upset stomach I get when struggling with a migraine. These chews make it so I don't miss family time.
WHAT ATHLETES & ADVENTURERS ARE SAYING
Anti-Na chews helped me complete my bike ride without feeling nauseated by the altitude and windy mountain road.
PAULA, ENDURANCE EXERCISE
I love eating a chew or two before a high-intensity workout because it helps my stomach stay calm. Without it, I get an upset stomach halfway through and have to sit out to rest. It is nice not to worry about nausea during a workout.
On the top of Mather Pass in the Sierras, Anti-Na chews gave me a lot of energy and helped with my nausea going up the pass. It helped me climb up my mountain today!


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Moisturizing 24hrs Cream with Multivitamins
24h Moisturizing Cream with Multivitamins, for all skin types
A stand-alone product with fine texture, recommended for all skin types, even dehydrated.
Enriched with Multivitamins and proteins, this amazing 24h moisturizer, offers deep and prolonged hydration.
Easily absorbed leaves your skin soft and elastic. It is ideal to use for dehydrated skin, which will immediately refresh and tone.
Very soft and refreshing moisturizer, ideal to use as a make-up base.
USE: For extended results, apply twice daily, using circular movements for extended results.


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Horizon Legacy Cat 3KG
Horizon Legacy Cat & Kitten Food is a hearty, yet balanced food that will provide your kitten or adult cat with the quality nutrients she needs to thrive. It's great for cats of all life stages and breeds and it provides many of the benefits of feeding a raw diet but without the hassle. In addition to the high-quality protein sources such as chicken, turkey, and salmon found in this food, the ingredient list contains many other human-grade ingredients with great health benefits, like herring oil (source of Vitamin E) and peas (digestible fibre).
Horizon sources most of its ingredients locally in the Western Canada region and manufactures its own pet food formulas to ensure the quality of each product. All formulas are free from GMO's, by-products, growth hormones, and chemical preservatives.
Chicken, Chicken Meal, Turkey Meal, Peas, Pea Starch, Chicken Fat (preserved with mixed tocopherols, source of Vitamin E), Salmon, Salmon Meal, Egg Product, Herring Oil (preserved with mixed tocopherols, source of Vitamin E), Fructooligosaccharides, Yucca Schidigera Extract, Dried Aspergillus Niger Fermentation Extract, Dried Aspergillus Oryzae Fermentation Extract, Pineapple, Dried Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Fermentation Extract, Dried Rhizopus Oryzae Fermentation Extract, Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Casei Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product, Dried Bifidobacterium Bifidum Fermentation Product, Dried Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation Product, Taurine, Vitamin A Acetate, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Vitamin E Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin, Niacin, Folic Acid, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamine Mononitrate, D-Calcium Pantothenate, Biotin, L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate (source of Vitamin C), Ferrous Sulphate, Iron Proteinate, Zinc Sulphate, Zinc Proteinate, Manganous Oxide, Manganese Proteinate, Copper Sulphate, Copper Proteinate, Calcium Iodate, Sodium Selenite, Magnesium Oxide.


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Why do people LOVE Omega One Fish Foods? Hear what some real hobbyists have to say.
This nutritious mix of fresh animal proteins and vegetable matter is the ideal diet for most cichlids. It is made with a variety of the finest quality seafoods to address the cichlid's opportunistic feeding habits. These cold-water marine proteins are then combined with fresh ocean kelp and spirulina, providing a balanced diet complete with essential vitamins and minerals.
• Made in the USA from fresh, sustainable Alaskan seafood.
• Unique low-moisture formula contains over 3x more food than traditional frozen foods.
• Meal and grain free, resulting in less organic waste and a cleaner aquarium.
• A complete, balanced diet fortified with vitamins.
• Omega One® Advanced Floating Technology in each cube.
• Enhanced with garlic for palatability and parasite resistance.
Salmon, Whole Pink Shrimp, Whole Kelp, Halibut, Pacific Cod, Spirulina, Shrimp Eggs, Gel Binder, Vitamins (Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Menadione, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Pyridoxine, Vitamin B12, Ascorbic Acid, Niacin, Pantothenate, Folic Acid, Biotin, Choline, Inositol), Garlic.
Min. Crude Protein .........9%
Min. Crude Fat …..……3.5%
Max. Crude Fiber ……....2%


text: We are a small private practice located in Fluvanna County, Virginia. Our goal is to provide our clients with effective, professional massage to promote healing and overall wellness. We are an experienced team of massage therapists ready to help you live a more productive life without pain. Whether it's chronic headaches, back pain, post surgery, everyday stress and posture issues, or you're recovering from a car accident we are here to help you live pain free. Call or book your appointment online today.


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When Dr. George Sun began his career as a plastic surgeon, he noticed that the range of prescription skin care products available at the time were too harsh for long-term use due to potential reactions such as redness, dryness, irritation, and inflammation. Determined to discover the perfect blend between efficacy and gentleness, he drew upon his extensive background in biochemistry and began formulating his own skin care products to successfully treat his patients. In 2001, he launched MDSUN, a line of cosmeceutical skin care products that provides long-time improvement in the look and feel of skin.
About MDSUN Products
MDSUN is a collaboration between medicine and beauty, utilizing innovative biochemical engineering to deliver the highest quality skin care products to customers. Our goal is to give your skin long-lasting radiance and youth. MDSUN is patient and customer focused and as such, we strive to make sure all our products are of the highest grade and 100% grounded in medical research.
MDSUN offers a cosmetically elegant experience without harsh ingredients, perfumes, or chemical scents. Our clinically proven formulations are hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic, and free of synthetic preservatives, hydroquinone, fragrances, and PABA. They are also dermatologist-tested and independent-tested. All skin types can use MDSUN products.
Our products achieve superior skin enhancing functions due to our unique proprietary Ultrapack technology. Each product features a custom formulated base, designed with specialized ingredients that provide clinical efficacy and long-term improvement in the look and feel of skin. At the same time, MDSUN products are mild enough to for use on sensitive skin over a lifetime. MDSUN products do not require a peeling or acclimation phase in order to enhance the appearance of skin. They are safe to use pre- or post-treatment, or in conjunction with surgical procedures.
What is Ultrapack technology?
Dr. Sun developed Ultrapack technology to create the premium formulas found in all MDSUN products. Ultrapacks are synergistic, highly-concentrated formulations of clinical-grade ingredients that promote dramatic results over time – without irritation, peeling, redness, or other common adverse effects. Used throughout MDSUN products, they incorporate a variety of comprehensive combinations of powerful ingredients: lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants and vitamins, alpha and beta hydroxyl, lipohydroxy and polyhydroxy acids, amino acids, polyphenols, flavonoids and isoflavanones, cytokinins, retinoid derivatives, multiple skin brightening components, botanical anti-inflammatories, natural skin barrier components, and a multitude of growth factors, peptides, and stem cells. The formulations are delivered in a specialized liposomal vehicle for enhanced stability, comfort, penetration, and efficacy.
While different MDSUN products contain different Ultrapacks, the intent is the same – to deliver a concentrated dose of the ingredients skin needs to enhance the appearance of a firmer, smoother texture with a luminous glow and even tone.


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The Milk Thief Bush Honey Kefir 1kg
100+ billion live probiotics per 250 g serve* *This product has been independently tested and contains a minimum of 100+ billion live bacteria per serve at time of packing. What is kefir? Kefir is a centuries old fermented milk originating in far Eastern Europe. We stick to the time honoured kefir making process and only use organic whole milk, which we slow culture to create our delicious and creamy kefir packed with probiotics and live cultures.
Fresh Organic Milk (95%), Organic Bush Honey (4%), Organic Milk Powder, Natural Honey Extract (<1%), Kefir Cultures and Probiotics (<1%), Sweetener [Stevia Leaf Extract (Steviol Glycosides)]


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Coconut oil is a top-rated product that has been used to treat hair. It is a natural and healthy alternative to other chemicals that often damage the hair.
Before adopting the use of coconut oil in the hair, it is good for you to know what are the benefits that can be achieved and what properties make it so unique.
You will see below the most various benefits of using coconut oil, in addition to specific tips for every hair type.
Coconut Oil In The Hair
Coconut oil is a vegetable oil derived from fruits of a coconut species. It features several interesting properties, and it is no wonder that so many people have been choosing it to moisturize their hair and even their eyelashes.
This oil is rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals that are great for our body. These properties are used not only in products for hair but also for the production of soaps and many other cosmetics. It is also used in foods such as salad dressings, for example.
In the hair, it has been showing impressive results. It keeps the hair healthy, nourished, hydrated, and protected from the effects related to aging, such as excessive hair loss and even baldness. This oil also stimulates hair growth and promotes the health of the scalp, as well as giving shine and smoothness to the most diverse types of hair.
Coconut Oil In Different Types Of Hair
The application of coconut oil in blond hair brings several benefits. Many people who dye their hair in this color complain about fading and drying of the hair. The oil promises to eliminate these problems, leaving hair well moisturized, shiny and toned.
Coconut oil on curly hair brings benefits to curls. Intense hydration helps to make the curls more defined and healthy. Using it on curly hair helps to soften and moisturize the strands. It also reduces frizz and hair breakage, very common problems in this type of hair.
Benefits Of Coconut Oil For Your Hair
1. Against hair loss
Coconut oil has been used since ages in India to prevent hair loss. Several remedies have been developed by these ancient peoples with herbs and coconut oil to avoid the falling of the hair.
One of these remedies continues to be used nowadays through the boiling of sage leaves in coconut oil. This mixture can be applied directly to the scalp to prevent hair loss. Another mix with similar power against hair loss is the one with lime water (calcium hydroxide) or gooseberries with coconut oil.
2. Prevention of hair damage
Applying coconut oil helps reduce protein loss in hair. This is because it is rich in lauric acid, which has a high affinity for the capillary protein and penetrates easily through the hair shaft.
Hydration helps reduce hair breakage. Frequent use of this oil strengthens the hair and prevents protein loss like no other type of vegetable oil is capable.
3. Refreshing effect
Coconut oil applied directly to the head and scalp, also has a refreshing effect. This can help relax and alleviate problems related to excessive sweating on the scalp, such as dandruff and oiliness.
4. Great Moisturizer
Coconut oil is a stable product that does not evaporate easily. For this reason, it has a high capacity to retain the moisture in the hair, leaving it always moist and soft, and preventing damage.
5. Hair Conditioning
Coconut oil is a much better conditioner for hair than any other synthetic conditioner available on the market. When applied warm, it helps to keep hair shiny and soft.
The best is to apply the product at night and wash the hair the next morning, which makes the hair healthy, strong, and well conditioned.
6. Prevention of dandruff
Dandruff is usually caused by the spreading of fungi or yeasts on the scalp. The presence of fatty acids in coconut oil serves as good anti-dandruff agents, which are much better and healthier than the synthetic dandruff products available in the market.
Regular application on the scalp can help you get rid of dandruff. To boost the anti-dandruff effect, try adding castor oil in warm water to the mixture and massage the scalp well.
Always choose 100% cold pressed or cold processed castor oil as these are the primary criteria of a pure and natural product.
100% Pure Castor Oil is an example of that kind. Certified 100% pure and natural. It penetrates root to tip.
Another solution is to mix the coconut oil with sesame oil, apply the mixture to the hair, and let it act for about half an hour before washing the hair.
7. Hairstyle Finisher
You can also use coconut oil to finish hairstyles. This is because it usually condenses when cooled, turning into a gel. For this reason, it can be used to keep a special hairstyle.
8. Protection against lice
Even an adult person may have problems with lice. There are several synthetic products developed for the treatment of lice, but many of them can also damage your hair and scalp.
One tip to get rid of this scourge is to coat the wet hair with a layer of coconut oil and comb it with a thin comb to remove the lice and prevent them from coming back.
9. Hair toning
Coconut oil helps to tone the hair, especially if you have dry hair. The suggestion is to apply a warm mix of coconut oil with lavender oil on the scalp at night and wash your hair on the next morning. You can repeat the process as many times as you want to boost the results.
10. Treatment of pimples and boils
Some people suffer from a very oily scalp, which is conducive to the development of pimples and even boils. To avoid this problem, it is essential to keep the hair and scalp always clean. Regular massages with a mixture of coconut oil and olive oil, for example, can alleviate the discomfort caused by abscesses on the scalp and even eliminate the problem.
A popular choice around the world that covers all criteria for a good oilve oil is the ZOE Olive oil. Personally, I like it because it also smells delicious.
11. Split ends
If you suffer from split ends and you are tired of having to trim the tips, using coconut oil may be the solution. Simply massage the hair with a mixture of coconut oil and almond oil, preferably for a few minutes. This will help to condition the hair and avoid unwanted split ends.
Viva Naturals Sweet Almond Oil, Hexane Free for Skin and Hair is an excellent choice. It is 100% pure with no extra ingredients, unscented, undiluted, Great for even the most sensitive skins.
12. Anti-aging and anti-baldness
Coconut oil is beneficial for the prevention of baldness since it prevents hair loss and is also able to prevent or delay the appearance of gray hair.
13. Against bacteria
As explained in this post, Coconut oil has antibacterial action. This protects the hair and the scalp from infections caused by microorganisms like bacteria and viruses.
14. Stimulating growth
The use of coconut oil can help your hair to grow longer. This is because of external factors like washing, hair styling, or pollution cause damage that can hinder hair growth. This oil stimulates the growth of the hair, because it is very nutritious.
15. Sun protection
Scientific studies indicate that the use of coconut oil can protect the scalp from ultraviolet radiation from the sun. This is because it has a sun protection factor.
16. Takes away the frizz of any type of hair
Frizz is a sign that the hair is dry and needs nutrients! As coconut oil moisturizes, it also manages to disguise the frizz and make that creepy little hair grow stronger and more aligned to the rest of the hair. This is an advantage for any type of hair, but especially for the curly ones, that suffer from frizz the most.
17. Protection from dryness of shampoo
This is an advantage both for wavy and curly hair: coconut oil protects the hair from the dryness of the shampoo. Those who have this type of hair know that the shampoo, because it is sanitizing, can remove the natural oiliness of the hair. Thus, coconut oil, when applied before the bath, can seal the wires and prevent the shampoo from drawing oil in excess of what is needed.
18. Can be used with various other hair products
The coconut oil fits very well in the textures of other products and leave them more emollient. It also enhances the brightness and softness of the hair.
How to apply the coconut oil in the hair?
For best results, it is best to warm the coconut oil before application and apply the product over the entire length of the hair, from the scalp to the ends of the hair.
As we have seen, it can be used for various purposes, whether to condition, to disentangle or to moisturize.
If you want to condition the hair, wash your hair normally and then apply the coconut oil on the hair, combing it to ensure that it reaches the entire hair. If your hair is oily, do not apply on the root.
To help untangle the hair, coconut oil can be used after washing with shampoo and conditioner with hair still wet. Also, the application of the oil after washing brings benefits such as softness, nourishment, and shine.
It is also possible to apply the coconut oil on the hair before washing it with the shampoo. This is because hair, when wet, is more prone to suffer damage to its structure and the application of coconut oil can help prevent such damage as it works by strengthening the hair and protecting the region of the scalp.
So, for a protective effect during a heavier wash, apply the coconut oil on the hair before washing the yarn. Also if you are planning to go to the beach or pool, using the coconut oil before will protect your hair from the sun, sea salt and chlorine.
Treatment for the scalp
In this case, the secret is to apply the oil directly to the scalp and let it act for longer. Enjoy to relax and massage the scalp, nourishing this region to make your hair healthier and beautiful. You can leave it for a few hours or all night.
Tips & Tricks
The use of coconut oil is considered safe, but some care must be taken. The first one is related to temperature. Although it is indicated to use the oil hot, care must be taken not to burn or to injure the scalp, which is a very sensitive region.
All the techniques described above can be used regularly, but daily use per application is not indicated as this can leave your hair and scalp very oily, especially if it already produces naturally too much sebum.
If this is the case, avoid applying too much product to the scalp and focus on the lengths or decrease the frequency of application. This will ensure proper nutrition and prevent excessive oiliness.
Taking these precautions, the use of coconut oil is released for all types of hair, and the results will be amazing.
How to choose the best Coconut Oil?
Choosing the best product for you is essential, and I am not only talking about oils but everything that will have direct contact with your body. Take care of your body and be smart when it comes to deciding which product to buy.
Most of the coconut oils available in grocery stores are refined, which doesn’t have the same health benefits as the pure ones, but yes, they still are rich in fatty acid. Many companies extract their oil from immature and dried coconuts, process them at extremely high temperatures, then bleach and deodorize the oil.
When the fat or oil is heated, its molecular structure is compromised, creating carcinogenic free radicals. Coconut oil is more stable than other plants, but it is best when they are produced without heat. Same as with the other oils – cold-pressed Coconut oil will maintain their nutrients and fats, will taste amazing (yes, you can eat it) and last longer.
You will recognize the non-refined coconut oils because it is specified on the label. They usually are made from the first pressing of coconut without adding any chemicals to it.
Viva Labs Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil is one of those 100% organic and pure oils. Their coconuts grow in the Philippines in soil rich of volcanic ash. The coconuts are cold-pressed within only a few hours after picking them, so all nutrients and antioxidants are kept.
Hair products with Coconut oil:
We have tested and approved!
|Carol’s Daughter Coco Creme Intense Moisture Hair Trio
Let your hair soak up this creamy moisturizing products, blended with our Coco Creme recipe that softens while it cleanses. You get Coco Creme Sulfate-Free Shampoo, Coco Creme Creamy Conditioner and Coco Creme Intense Moisture Velvet Hair Mask.
|Madam C.J. Walker Coconut & Moringa Oils Curl Shampoo
Frizz-prone waves and curls tend to dry out easily, making regular conditioning crucial.
Walker’s gentle Coconut & Moringa Oils Curl Shampoo smooths waves and curls to help fight frizz. How do I use: Apply shampoo to wet hair and work into a lather.


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Muffin with Honey PROTEIN 0 FATS 0 CARBS 1.5
- 3 egg, omega-3, cage-free, organic
- * 2 tbs. coconut oil, raw, extra-virgin, organic
- * 2 tbs. coconut milk, unsweetened, full-fat, organic, canned
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This makes 6 muffins, serving is 2 for 1 protein.


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The average rating for a hearing aid center in the Oxford area is 4.84 out of 5 stars. Here's what one of our users said about Hearing Centers Of, Memphis, TN. “She was very knowledgeable, very sweet, very good at her job and very helpful. ” - Bette W.
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3161 Hwy 64 Eads, TN 38028
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Johnson & Johnson