text:
## Markov chains 101

An interesting conundrum from Arnaud Guillin: can you find an MCMC setting where there are two Markov chains $(x_n)$ and $(y_n)$ such that the pair $(x_n,y_n)$ is not a Markov chain. The standard setting is the opposite when a pair is Markov but at least one of the components is not… Data augmentation being an exception. (Arnaud has a normal example available that is unrelated with MCMC samplers.)

### 3 Responses to “Markov chains 101”

1. Antoine Dreyer also has a simple alternative: take two iid sequences $(Y_n)$ and $(\epsilon_n)$ and define

$X_{n+1}=X_n+Y_{n-1}+\epsilon_n$

then both $(X_n)$ and $(Y_n)$ are Markov chains, but $(X_n,Y_n)$ is not a (first order) Markov chain.

2. Nice, Randal!

I was thinking of a coupling strategy on a finite set, with $X_n$ and $Y_n$ merging when entering a certain atom $\alpha$ together. Marginaly, they are both Markov while jointly, they are not: $(X_n,Y_n)$ must remember the last time it entered $\alpha$ together (or not)….

3. randie star m’en a donne un autre…: je te mets son mail

“Prends un noyau Q ayant densité q par rapport disons à Lebesgue. Tu construis $X_n\sim q(X_{n-1},\cdot)$. Tu poses $X=(X_n)_n$. Tu poses $Y_{2k}=X_{2k}$ et tu consideres

$Y_{2k+1}|X \sim q(Y_{2k-2},\cdot)q(\cdot,Y_{2k})/q2(Y_{2k-2},Y_{2k})$

c’est à dire la loi conditionnelle à la valeur precedente et suivante.

On a clairement que $X\text{ et }Y$ sont marginalement des chaines de Markov. Mais si tu ecris la loi jointe de $Z=(X,Y)$, tu vas voir que ca ne s’écrit pas en produit de fonctions de $Z_{k-1}$ et $Z_k$, ca suffit pour dire que ce n’est pas une chaine de Markov. “

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## Hotdog Midterm #6

$w=-P\Delta V$
and
$w=-\int_{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}PdV=-nRTln\frac{V_{2}}{V_{1}}$

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katherinemurk 2B
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### Hotdog Midterm #6

If you start at 100 L and end at 100 L then volume for the entire process is unchanging so if delta V is equal to 0 doesnt work = 0??

Andrea Zheng 1H
Posts: 61
Joined: Fri Sep 28, 2018 12:26 am

### Re: Hotdog Midterm #6

Because work is not a state property, you can't only look at the initial and final state. You would have to add up all the work done in each step of the pathway to get the total work done.

Ian Marquez 2K
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### Re: Hotdog Midterm #6

This reasoning would be correct for state functions like delta S (entropy) and delta U (internal energy). However, w (work) and heat (q) are path functions and are not just dependent on starting and end values.

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# Can Mathematica recompose an image?

The OP in this post on superuser.com asks how to recompose an image; quoting:

I have a set of images, which are parts of a bigger image.

I would like the images to assembled as automated as possible, to recompose the whole picture.

How can I do that?

Just out of curiosity: how can I do that with Mathematica?

Probably ImageAssemble may work in most cases, but notice that in his example the various parts overlap: how to handle this?

Here three overlapping parts of an image:

And what if some of the parts are rotated? Like this:

The full image if needed:

• Take a look at bottom examples from FindGeometricTransform. Won't work out of the box though. – Kuba Jun 8 '16 at 9:29
• @mattiav27 I never heard that anybody use Mathematica to avoid graphical captcha. You are the first :) – Rom38 Jun 8 '16 at 11:08

Yesterday I showed how to locate a subimage inside a large image using ImageCorrelate. I will now show how to use the same approach to solve this problem.

Start by importing the images that you want to compose:

i1 = Import["http://i.stack.imgur.com/UjGAz.jpg"];
i2 = Import["http://i.stack.imgur.com/93kwm.jpg"];
GraphicsRow[{i1, i2}]

Since the right image is not completely contained by the left image, we cannot use my answer from the other question. However, if we split the right image into small enough pieces then there will be a piece that is covered completely by the left image. By locating this piece in the left image we know two positions, one in each image, that correspond to each other.

pieces = ImagePartition[i2, 64]

There may be several pieces that are covered by the left image, in which case there will be several good fits. I will select the piece that fits best, as given by ImageCorrelate.

minPixelValue[image_Image][subimage_Image] := Module[{corr, idata},
corr = ImageCorrelate[image, subimage, EuclideanDistance];
idata = ImageData[corr];
idata = Map[Norm, idata, {2}];
Min[idata]
]
bestFit = MinimalBy[Flatten[pieces], minPixelValue[i1]] // First;

Now I can find out where in the two images the piece that I selected as the best fit belongs:

{p1} = correspondingPixel[i1, bestFit];
{p2} = correspondingPixel[i2, bestFit];

GraphicsRow[{
HighlightImage[i1, p1, Method -> {"DiskMarkers", 5}],
HighlightImage[i2, p2, Method -> {"DiskMarkers", 5}]
}]

Finally we need to compose the images. This is easier to do if we know where one of the images is positioned in the complete image, and also the dimensions of the complete image. I will assume such knowledge for convenience sake. I'll start by creating a padded version of the left image:

i = Import["http://i.stack.imgur.com/S2ISp.jpg"]; (* Full image *)
{right, bottom} = ImageDimensions[i] - ImageDimensions[i1];

And now I'll use ImageCompose to merge the images:

ImageCompose[padded, i2, p1, p2]

We can apply the same method again to merge this image with the third image. In general, if there are $n$ images then they can be merged like this in a recursive manner. Unless all images overlap with each other the order in which images are merged will be important, so it may require finesse.

• Out of curiosity: would it be possible to adjust your process such that it could account for rotated (and presumably otherwise transformed) images as was also stated in OP's question? – Amndeep7 Jun 8 '16 at 20:50
• @Amndeep7 You'd have to try different transformations to transform the image back to the original. The correct transformation is that which maximizes the image correlation, so in a sense this method can be extended to handle that, yes. But it would be computationally expensive to try lots of different transformations, so a small number of possible transformations would have to be given, or one would have to frame it as an optimization problem in such a way that an efficient algorithm exists to solve it. – C. E. Jun 8 '16 at 21:42
• Regarding rotation (and scaling): One can use a log-polar transformation to transform inter-image scaling and rotation into translation. See, for instance, this. – Eric Towers Jun 9 '16 at 5:13
• @Amndeep7, if you can find corresponding key points in your images, then FindGeometricTransform[] is a possible way to deal with your scenario. – J. M. will be back soon Jul 23 '16 at 17:00
• This answer currently lacks a definition of correspondingPixel – KraZug Nov 5 '18 at 10:17

This is not very automated but perhaps it will motivate experts:

Copied the images

Changing image to graphic and finding corresponding points:

fun[img_] :=
With[{id = ImageDimensions[img]}, {Texture[img],
Polygon[{{1, 1}, {id[[1]], 1}, id, {1, id[[2]]}},
VertexTextureCoordinates -> {{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}, {0, 1}}]}]
{ma, mb} = ImageCorrespondingPoints[a, b];
{mta, mtc} = ImageCorrespondingPoints[a, c];

Using manipulate and pasting desired bookmarks:

Manipulate[
Graphics[{GeometricTransformation[
fun[a]~Join~{Red, PointSize[0.025], Point[ma]},
TranslationTransform[{x, y}]], Opacity[0.5], fun[b], Yellow,
PointSize[0.01], Point[mb]}],
{x, -300, 10, Appearance -> "Labeled"}, {y, -300, 100,
Appearance -> "Labeled"}]

Manipulate[
Graphics[{GeometricTransformation[
fun[c]~Join~{Red, PointSize[0.025], Point[mtc]},
TranslationTransform[{x, y}]], Opacity[0.5],
GeometricTransformation[fun[a], TranslationTransform[abt]], Yellow,
PointSize[0.01],
GeometricTransformation[Point[mta], TranslationTransform[abt]]}],
{x, -300, 10, Appearance -> "Labeled"}, {y, -300, 100,
Appearance -> "Labeled"}]

The bookmarks:

abt = "ab" /. {"ab" :> {x = -122.5, y = -171.}}
act = "ac" /. {"ac" :> {x = -128., y = 1.}}

Piecing together:

Graphics[{GeometricTransformation[fun[a], TranslationTransform[abt]],
GeometricTransformation[fun[c], TranslationTransform[act]], fun[b]}]

The code could be made more concise. I do not have time at present (this was a "stream of consciousness"). I look forward to learning from other answers.

In case of doubt

• It seem ImageCorrespondingPoints have a low precision – yode Jun 8 '16 at 11:10
• "This is not very automated but[...]" -- I find instructive, (+1). – Anton Antonov Jun 8 '16 at 11:10


text:
Dynamic equations on time scales. An introduction with applications.(English)Zbl 0978.39001

Basel: Birkhäuser. x, 358 p. (2001).
The theory of time scales (an alternative terminology is measure chains) was introduced by S. Hilger in 1988 in his dissertation and the basic ideas of this theory are summarized in his paper published in Result. Math. 18, No. 1/2, 18–56 (1990; Zbl 0722.39001). A time scale $$\mathbb T$$ is any closed subset of the real numbers $$\mathbb R$$. For a function $$f:\mathbb T\to \mathbb R$$, a generalized derivative $$f^{\Delta}$$ is defined in such a way that it reduces to the usual derivative $$f'$$ if $$\mathbb T=\mathbb R$$ and to the forward difference $$\Delta f$$ if $$\mathbb T=\mathbb Z$$ is the set of integers. A dynamic equation on a time scale is an equation for an unknown function which appears in the equation along with some of its derivatives (possibly of higher order). Hence, dynamic equations are differential equations if $$\mathbb R=\mathbb T$$ and difference equations if $$\mathbb T=\mathbb Z$$.
The reviewed book is an introduction to the study of dynamic equations on time scales. Many results concerning differential equations carry over quite easily to corresponding results for difference equations, while other results seem to be completely different in nature from their continuous counterparts. The study of dynamic equations on time scales reveals such discrepancies. Moreover, since there are many time scales other than just the set of real numbers or the set of integers, the results presented in this book are much more general.
Here is a list of the chapters of the book: 1. The time scales calculus, 2. First order linear equations, 3. Second order linear equations, 4. Selfadjoint equations, 5. Linear systems and higher order equations, 6. Dynamic inequalities, 7. Linear symplectic dynamic systems, 8. Extensions.
The authors start in Chapter 1 with the fundamental results of time scale calculus where the basic properties of the generalized derivative and integral are given.
In Chapter 2 the so-called cylinder transformation is introduced and the exponential function on time scales is studied. This generalized exponential function is then used to solve the first order linear dynamic equation.
Chapters 3,4 are devoted to linear second order dynamic equations. First the attention is focused on dynamic equations with constant coefficients (both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous) and explicit formulas for their solutions using the generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions are presented. Wronskian determinants are introduced and Abel’s theorem is used to develop a reduction of order technique to find a second solution in case one solution is already known. The time scale Laplace transformation is introduced and many of its properties are derived as well. Next, selfadjoint second order dynamic equations on time scales are studied. The classical concepts such as Green’s function, Riccati equations, Prüfer transformation, oscillation, disconjugacy, eigenvalue problems and many others are extended to dynamic equations on time scales.
Chapter 5 is concerned with linear systems of dynamic equations and higher order dynamic equations. Uniqueness and existence theorems are presented, and the matrix exponential on a time scale is introduced. Among others, asymptotic properties of solutions to linear dynamic systems are investigated.
Chapter 6 deals with dynamic inequalities on time scales. Analogues of the classical Gronwall’s, Hölder’s and Jensen’s inequalities are presented. Two sections are devoted to Opial’s and Lyapunov’s inequalities.
Chapter 7 contains a brief treatment of linear symplectic dynamic systems on time scales. This is a very general class of systems that contains, for example, linear Hamiltonian dynamic systems which in turn contain Sturm-Liouville dynamic equations of higher order and selfadjoint vector dynamic equations. The last chapter deals with various extensions of the results treated in the book.
The book is self-contained and the results are presented in such a way that they are understandable to everybody who has had basic courses in calculus and linear algebra. More than 200 exercises of various degree of difficulty are presented, some of them are actually research problems in the field of time scale dynamic equations. Compared with another book devoted to dynamic time scale equations, namely V. Lakshmikantham, S. Sivasundaram and B. Kaymakcalan [Dynamic systems on measure chains. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1996; Zbl 0869.34039)], the book under review is more directed to linear equations and contains many results obtained during the last five years. It would be an excellent book to use in a topics course on dynamic equations on time scales at the advanced undergraduate level and/or beginning graduate level.

MSC:

 39Axx Difference equations 39-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to difference and functional equations 65Lxx Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations 34-02 Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to ordinary differential equations 37J10 Symplectic mappings, fixed points (dynamical systems) (MSC2010)

Citations:

Zbl 0722.39001; Zbl 0869.34039


text: Ex: 2^2 is two squared) CUBIC PARENT FUNCTION: f(x) = x^3 … What type of function is shown? In particular, we are interested in locations where graph behavior changes. A quadratic function contains the points :0,4 ; and :4,4 ;. Harold’s Parent Functions “Cheat Sheet” 6 November 2019 Function Name Parent Function Graph Characteristics Algebra Constant ( T)= Domain: (− ∞, ) Range: [c, c] Inverse Function: Undefined (asymptote) Restrictions: c is a real number Odd/Even: Even General Form: + =0 Linear or … Each family of Algebraic functions is headed by a parent. Increasing/Decreasing . Extrema – Maximum and minimum points on a graph 4. In addition to end behavior, where we are interested in what happens at the tail end of function, we are also interested in local behavior, or what occurs in the middle of a function.. The exponent of that factor (Multiplicity) indicates the behavior at the root: Domain [0, ∞) Range [0, ∞) Square Root x y (0,0) f(x)= x Front. Not all functions have end behavior defined; for example, those that go back and forth with the $$y$$ values and never really go way up or way down (called “periodic functions”) don’t have end behaviors. Describe the end behavior of a power function given its equation or graph. t)�!�sC?��|�"��"w �s�!��AP�G:�Q��嵠Q��B�(�� �������c���'� �� Parent Function Graph . endstream endobj 915 0 obj <>stream Linear, quadratic, and exponential models (Functions) Determine the end behavior of a polynomial or exponential expression An updated version of this instructional video is available. Watch Queue Queue. Quadratic—reflected over the x … h�bbdb�u@��Dl3��wU&Ff9�,#��?�� �T� The Squaring Function f ()xx 2 Domain Range Inc/Dec/Con Positive/Negative/Zero Note that desmos doesn't draw open circles on the right end of the line segments. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Start studying Parent Functions. 13. 917 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3833438800F68A4EBBE7327087B35492><4FB8B19776C8644AA188E0BAE642A127>]/Index[911 16]/Info 910 0 R/Length 51/Prev 1083661/Root 912 0 R/Size 927/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream A turning point is a point at which the function values change from … One of the most common parent functions is the linear parent function, f(x)= x, but on this blog we are going to focus on other more complicated parent functions. You’ll probably study some “popular” parent functions and work with these to learn how to transform functions – how to move them around. In this lesson, we will be looking at the end behavior of several basic functions. In Graphs of Exponential Functions we saw that certain transformations can change the range of Similarly, applying transformations to the parent function can change the domain. THE PARENT FUNCTIONS LINEAR ABSOLUTE VALUE y = x y = |x| EXPONENTIAL CUBE ROOT y =2X, b > 0 ... 17 Given the parent function and a description of the transformation, write the equation of the transformed function, f(x). ��ZR8ZP��ĖrqZPO{C}R5�w/��"5����ӧi��6y�e˼�M����u�Nv�>�q1%)x' 7. Functions discussed in this module can be used to model populations of various animals, including birds. 9 Ergonomic Tips to Be More Comfortable at Work, Learn Everything About Dormir Conjugation, Transforming the Traditional Learning Concept, 5 Practical Tips for Hiring a Personal Injury Attorney, Problem Solved: 5 Tips for Finding a Great Math Tutor. The Identity Function f ()xx Domain Range Inc/Dec/Con Positive/Negative/Zero Continuity Boundedness -2 Symmetry Extrema -Asymptotes End Behavior 2. Linear, quadratic, square root, absolute value and reciprocal functions, transform parent functions, parent functions with equations, graphs, domain, range and asymptotes, graphs of basic functions that you should know for PreCalculus with … Show Instructions. Three birds on a cliff with the sun rising in the background. For example, a child may throw a tantrum to get a chocolate bar at the … This polynomial is much too large for me to view in the standard screen on my graphing calculator, so either I can waste a lot of time fiddling with WINDOW options, or I can quickly use my knowledge of end behavior. Table for End Behavior Left End Behavior Right End Behavior Even Degree Polynomial end behavior is the direction the graph of a polynomial function goes as the input value goes "to infinity" on the left and right sides of the graph. What is the domain of this graph? A.4.1.3 Talk about a Function part 1; Volume - the Shell Method (2) Linear, quadratic, square root, absolute value and reciprocal functions, transform parent functions, parent functions with equations, graphs, domain, range and asymptotes, graphs of basic functions that you should know for PreCalculus with video lessons, examples and step-by-step solutions. !J�%���]6]�Φ���l������M���Mo8�����6��q�>n��m��M�ө���y%�,�� }Q,�)n��+,ǩ8%�R(y�8Z���W�ʸ(@ɨh�eY%�)�p*oj��ԏ����F}�O*L|�8r85�'N�B��[Ɇ��O Parent Functions and Their Translations; Quadratics; Cubic; Cube Root; Square Root; Absolute Value; Domain and Range; End Behavior; Increasing and Decreasing; Identifying the Graphs of the Parent Functions; Even or Odd Functions; Please see the Unit 2 page for Exponential Functions (including Growth and Decay and compound interest) and Direct & Inverse Variation. (^ is before an exponent. The graph below shows the graphs of $f\left(x\right)={x}^{2},g\left(x\right)={x}^{4}$, $h\left(x\right)={x}^{6}$, $k(x)=x^{8}$, and $p(x)=x^{10}$ which are all power functions with even, whole-number powers. Parent function end behavior . Remember that the degree of the polynomial is the highest exponentof one of the terms (add exponents if there are more than one variable in that term). ��h���w�3A��S��LI\�H��)��y����~'y��p��Iu8� Z�o Extrema (relative, absolute) Transformations . �鈩�DLC�����1C�L�H_T��(B6��(x 1���2�@��9�ʘ�^}P$}�P���(�>�B(C,� b1T � �J� 13. This does not go into detail with even or odd functions. Exponential End Behavior. 9th - 12th grade. 8 months ago. Three birds on a cliff with the sun rising in the background. Absolute value—vertical shift up 5, horizontal shift right 3. This calculator will determine the end behavior of the given polynomial function, with steps shown. Special Characteristics of Functions 1. �3���G�|�_��蛭,�ޤ?����\��%(.�Z�z�r�7f5�#�t�ϭz��y(��>��� Parent Functions and Their Graphs. ….. monitoring of ophthalmologic function was undertaken in clinical trials, and no specific … Information for Patients: See PATIENT INFORMATION at the end of … 911 0 obj <> endobj endstream endobj 916 0 obj <>stream 1. Parent Functions … Sal analyzes the end behavior of several rational functions, that together cover all cases types of end behavior. Just as with other parent functions, we can apply the four types of transformations—shifts, stretches, compressions, and reflections—to the parent function without loss of shape. By using this website, you agree to our Cookie Policy. Refer to this article to learn about the characteristics of parent functions. I made it two pages so you can print it 2-to a … Edit. This article focuses on the traits of the parent functions. 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Algebra -> Rational-functions-> SOLUTION: What is the end behavior of the graph of the polynomial function y = 10x9 – 4x?As mc020-1.jpg and as mc020-2.jpg As mc020-3.jpg and as mc020-4.jpg. Parent Functions and Their Translations. End Behavior, Domain, and Range Name: _____ A#____ For each of the following functions identify the key features of the graph. 1-5 Parent Functions and Transformations; 1-6 Function Operations and Composition of Functions; Pre-Calculus Curriculum Map; Verifying Trigonometric Identities - Commit and Toss; Continuity, End Behavior, and Limits - If This Then That; 4th, 5th, & 6th Grade Math Lessons: MathTeacherCoach.com When the function is a polynomial, then the end behavior can be determined by considering the sign on the leading coefficient and whether the degree of the function is odd or even. Baby Functions. �L� L��@9T#V@�� TB�U�L�q���P/}5FA�4?����E�:�$}�Ќ�Ɉ pb#�Hb�ӆ�&�aL�>�f��8�!��[��>��L�6�@���{0f!��l�iЅ8�J���F�)c�J�@'�G�%�lX���C����� �����D�q�%��2.���}2.�~�-8�A\�� End behavior refers to the behavior of the function as x approaches or as x approaches. x���Kk�@���g��w�F�-Z]�.ĪX�H���3 ���d�9�|9�)���$��z=��#F ND"UB� This does not go into detail with even or odd functions. Cubic functions are functions with a degree of 3 (hence cubic ), which is odd. Range - The set of all outputs (y-values) that are possible for the function 3. Not all functions have end behavior defined; for example, those that go back and forth with the $$y$$ values and never really go way up or way down (called “periodic functions”) don’t have end behaviors. ��*�&p�5f7�b������\�.�0�-�z��7B+�VŋЮ8%�����R��S����Q?gwL�$�}z��$�p��|ŕ���2.��� �Ld��D :*�&^�~�&I�荄@ End Behavior of Functions The end behavior of a graph describes the far left and the far right portions of the graph. Local Behavior. Edit. Zero (X-Intercept) – The points at which a graph crosses the x-axis 5. This quadratic function is neither even nor odd. %%EOF We call these basic functions “parent” functions since they are the simplest form of that type of function, meaning they are as close as they can get to the origin \left( {0,\,0} \right).The chart below provides some basic parent functions that you should be familiar with. Sal analyzes the end behavior of several rational functions, that together cover all cases types of end behavior. (1 point) Up on the left, … Get the answers you need, now! Identifying End Behavior of Power Functions. Back Check each Root for Factors with Multiplicities of 2: TANGENT to x-axis so graph … Function Family: Is a Child’s Behavior Always a Reflection of His Parents? This is an introduction to basic End Behavior of functions. The left end goes to -oo and the right end goes to oo. There are four possibilities, as shown below. The most basic for a type of function. endstream endobj startxref �5'! Notes on End Behavior: To get the end behavior of a function, we just look at the smallest and largest values of $$x$$, and see which way the $$y$$ is going. �����y����ᒊ* Social attention Behaviour may occur to gain attention from another person. What we are doing here is actually analyzing the end behavior, how our graph behaves for really large and really small values, of our graph. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Home. Find the end behavior of the 12 Basic Functions Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. 5 Best ways to make money from YouTube in 2020, The 5-Step Guide to Becoming an Ultrasound Technician, How to Help Your Child Prepare for the NAPLAN Test. Radical—vertical ... What I know about this function: End Behavior: as x o - f , f (x Linear parent functions, a set out data with one specific output and input. Math Tip of the Week: Parent Functions and Transformations Leave a Comment / Uncategorized / By admin This topic is a popular one; it seems like at the beginning of most Algebra II and Pre-Calculus courses, parent functions and their transformations are discussed. 1. f (x) = Ix + 31 I/D: Based on each function statements, describe the transformation from the parent graph. 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text:
Opened 3 years ago

Closed 3 years ago

## #11461 closed defect (fixed)

Reported by: Owned by: johna falkb normal SimpleMultiProjectPlugin major 1.0

Trac 	1.0.1
Genshi 	0.7 (without speedups)
MySQLdb 	1.2.3c1
Pygments 	1.6
Python 	2.6.6 (r266:84292, Nov 22 2013, 12:16:22) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)]
pytz 	2013.8
setuptools 	0.6
Subversion 	1.7.4 (r1295709)
jQuery	1.7.2

After installation of the plugin and restart of the server, the database update fails. The culprit appears to be in line 154 of environmentSetup.py:

cursor.execute("""ALTER TABLE smp_project ADD restrict TEXT""")

This change appears to fix this issue. (adding backtiks to "restrict")

cursor.execute("""ALTER TABLE smp_project ADD restrict TEXT""")

Created a new environment and ran update. It indicated success, but none of the smp_ tables in the database have data.

[root@fw-svn01 Testing]# trac-admin /home/trac/Testing upgrade
SimpleMultiProject database schema version is 0, should be 5

You may want to upgrade the Trac documentation now by running:

Additonally, there is the following error in the console.

ProgrammingError: (1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'restrict\n                   FROM\n                        smp_project' at line 2")

This shows up in: Manage Projects -> Projects and the "Timeline", "Roadmap", "View Tickets", and "New Ticket" items.

I've not been able to test this against MySQL, but it may be that "restrict" is a restricted word for MariaDB.

### comment:1 Changed 3 years ago by johna

Apologies.

SMP version 0.0.4dev-py2.6

### comment:2 Changed 3 years ago by johna

I confirmed that the issue existed in MySQL 5.5.33

The issue appears to be the use of restrict as a column name in the smp_project table.

I renamed all instances of restrict to restrick in the following files:

admin.py
environmentSetup.py
model.py

Redid the whole thing and it appears to be working properly. Evidently restrict is a restricted word in mysql and MariaDB

Last edited 3 years ago by rjollos (previous) (diff)

### comment:3 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

• Description modified (diff)

### comment:4 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

Oh what a silly bug! It seems to me there's no other way than to rename it in an incompatible way for db schema version 5 of the plugin, and to force people, who upgraded already, to rename it manually. What do you think?

### comment:5 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

• Status changed from new to accepted

### comment:6 Changed 3 years ago by johna

Yeah. It is a problematic one to find this far down the roadmap.

Reserved words can be utilized as object names, but it gets kind of ugly. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/identifiers.html

I tried enclosing the words in backticks, but python didn't like that at all and wouldn't compile the .egg

As a straight .sql file it ran just fine against the database with the reserved word(s) in backticks. You might consider packaging a .sql file for the next version and run that to change the row as needed.

Not pretty, but it might get the job done.

### comment:7 follow-up: ↓ 9 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

• Description modified (diff)

t11461.patch has been tested with SQLite and MySQL, and I believe it will fix the issue in a cross-db compatible way. Someone more familiar with the project should probably do some thorough testing before committing the change.

### comment:8 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

One other suggestion - a common approach is to use IEnvironmentSetupParticipant to insert entries in the ticket-custom section. This can avoid a manual step in the installation process. It would be similar to here. TimingAndEstimationPlugin does this as well: timingandestimationplugin/branches/trac0.12/timingandestimationplugin/api.py@13377#L140.

### comment:9 in reply to: ↑ 7 ; follow-up: ↓ 10 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

t11461.patch has been tested with SQLite and MySQL, and I believe it will fix the issue in a cross-db compatible way. Someone more familiar with the project should probably do some thorough testing before committing the change.

Thanks a lot, rjollos! I've tried this patch but adding new projects via insert_project() in model.py does not work anymore then. Simply, it doesn't add a new record to my SQLite db. I played around with the parameter formatting for a while but haven't found a solution yet.

### comment:10 in reply to: ↑ 9 ; follow-up: ↓ 11 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

Thanks a lot, rjollos! I've tried this patch but adding new projects via insert_project() in model.py does not work anymore then.

I had tested that behavior and it was working okay for me when adding new projects through the admin page. Which database did you test with? What result did you get?

### comment:11 in reply to: ↑ 10 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

Thanks a lot, rjollos! I've tried this patch but adding new projects via insert_project() in model.py does not work anymore then.

I had tested that behavior and it was working okay for me when adding new projects through the admin page. Which database did you test with? What result did you get?

SQLite. Note from IRC:

hmm.... Now I saw it started to work again as I removed one of my test projects (through Admin page)
falkb	after that I was able to add new projects again
falkb	I start to think it has something to do with the db cursor
falkb	maybe sometimes it's valid and sometimes not
falkb	maybe there's an issue with the __get_db() or __get_cursor() function
falkb	and the scope of the return value of both functions
falkb	maybe it's luck whether the returned object (db or cursor) is still valid or not
falkb	but that's just a guess

### comment:12 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

This behaviour is reproducable through Admin page. After login to Trac I always fail to add new projects. It works again as soon as I have removed a project.

### comment:13 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos-test

Which version of Trac did you test with? It looks like there is an issue with Trac < 0.12. Since I've added __get_db, then db is no longer bound to self in insert_project. So we would either need to assign db to self.db in insert_project, or pass the db object to __start_transaction:

-    def __start_transacction(self):
+    def __start_transacction(self, db):
+       db = db or self.db
if VERSION < '0.12':
db.commit()
db.close()

### comment:14 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos-test

I think maybe we should drop the __get_cursor method and modify __start_transaction to accept a db object. It is really easy to get into trouble by not keeping the db object in scope while trying to use a cursor object (e.g. see #11115 and cannot operate on closed cursor). You may be okay by keeping it bound to the instance object, but I'm not sure of that.

### comment:15 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

Those comments were by me, btw. I didn't mean to use my "test" account.

### comment:16 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

I was also just reminded in #11234 that db.quote is only available since Trac 0.12: [trac 9062]. I suppose you could backport the methods to your plugin though if you want support for Trac < 0.12.

### comment:17 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

I only support 0.12 and 1.0 at present. I have no environment for backporting to 0.11, and 0.11 was long ago, so I don't think it's a good idea anyway.

### comment:18 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

In that case, it would probably be easiest to just remove the __get_db, __get_cursor and __start_transaction methods.

### comment:19 Changed 3 years ago by anonymous

I spent the whole evening for figuring out how that db access must be programmed, but I always failed. Event reading http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/TracDev/DatabaseApi thousand times did not help. Please, give me a code example as a start.

I tried for instance in model.py:

from trac.perm import PermissionSystem, IPermissionGroupProvider
...
class SmpModel(Component):
...
def insert_project(self, name, summary, description, closed, restrict):
@with_transaction(env)
def do_something(db):
query    = """INSERT INTO
smp_project (name, summary, description, closed, %s)
VALUES (%%s, %%s, %%s, %%s, %%s);""" % db.quote('restrict')

cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, [name, summary, description, closed, restrict])
self.__start_transaction(db)

or

    # AdminPanel Methods
def insert_project(self, name, summary, description, closed, restrict):
db = None
if VERSION < '0.12':
db = self.env.get_db_cnx()
else:
query    = """INSERT INTO
smp_project (name, summary, description, closed, %s)
VALUES (%%s, %%s, %%s, %%s, %%s);""" % db.quote('restrict')

cursor = db.cursor()
cursor.execute(query, [name, summary, description, closed, restrict])
self.__start_transaction(db)

The effect is always like described above...

### comment:20 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

Editing my comment:19

1. s/Event/even
2. plus from trac.db import with_transaction in the first snippet
3. this is __start_transaction() :
 # DB Methods
def __start_transaction(self, db):
if VERSION < '0.12':
db.commit()
db.close()

Last edited 3 years ago by falkb (previous) (diff)

### comment:21 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

In 13549:

bugfix (see #11461):

• fixes model.py concerning all DB access calls (proper use of cursor and scope of db object)
• applied a patch of rjollos to fix the issue with quoting the 'restrict' SQL keyword to get it work with MariaDB

### comment:22 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

finally I get it how to use the db API (hopefully properly now), so please test

### comment:23 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

Looks good. Since db.quote is not available until Trac 0.12, unless you backport it in your plugin then you've already broken backward compatibility with Trac < 0.12, and you could therefore just drop all of the conditionals if VERSION < '0.12' and __start_transaction.

Another approach, in order to keep it working with at least SQLite (and maybe PostgreSQL) for Trac < 0.12, would be as shown by jun66j5 in comment:6:ticket:11234:

if hasattr(db, 'quote'):
quote = db.quote  # Trac 0.12+
else:
quote = lambda name: name

This adds a dummy quote function for Trac < 0.12. If you are ambituous about making it would work Trac < 0.12, you could add a real quote function for each database type (i.e. backport [trac 9062]).

### comment:24 follow-up: ↓ 25 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

Hey rjollos, thanks for your review and your useful hints and links! My plan is a backport to 0.11 some day, that's why I keep as much if VERSION <'0.12' as I can overview. I must search a bit, but somewhere I've got a Bitnami package of 0.11 around, which I'm gonna install as test bench...

P.S.: Uhm... wouldn't it a good idea to add a state 'testing' to the trac-hacks.org ticket workflow?

### comment:25 in reply to: ↑ 24 ; follow-up: ↓ 26 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

P.S.: Uhm... wouldn't it a good idea to add a state 'testing' to the trac-hacks.org ticket workflow?

We've talked about similar changes. Others have mentioned having a Review step in the workflow.

Adding multiple workflows to Trac is high on the list of features that I'd like to add to Trac for 1.2, and that might allow us to customize the workflow for each Component. Although, the implementation might couple the workflow to ticket types. We'd have to see how flexible it could be made without becoming overly complex.

### comment:26 in reply to: ↑ 25 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

P.S.: Uhm... wouldn't it a good idea to add a state 'testing' to the trac-hacks.org ticket workflow?

Adding multiple workflows to Trac is high on the list of features that I'd like to add to Trac for 1.2, and that might allow us to customize the workflow for each Component.

I actually thought of just installing AdvancedTicketWorkflowPlugin and define 'testing' for the whole trac-hacks.org which may be a good idea in general.

### comment:27 Changed 3 years ago by rjollos

Adding another plugin to the site requires a lot of testing, and then we take on the burden of maintaining the plugin if it doesn't already have a maintainer. You'll see from report:9?COMPONENT=TracHacks, report:9?COMPONENT=TracHacksPlugin that there is already quite a bit of work planned for the site, and additionally we'd like to get VotePlugin installed, AccountManagerPlugin 0.5 released and installed, ... and the list goes on and on. Ultimately, these things just need to be prioritized, and so far the multiple-workflow doesn't see as much as an improvement to the site as several other things.

### comment:28 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

• Keywords testing removed
• Resolution set to fixed
• Status changed from accepted to closed

After related fixes in #11484 it works now properly.

### comment:29 Changed 3 years ago by falkb

In 13735:

• fixed #11553: timestamps need to be bigint with PostgreSQL
• get rid of table 'smp_project' column 'restrict' because that is a db keyword and therefore not suitable as column name, renamed it to 'restrict_to' (see #11461)
• => plugin db schema version increased to 6


text:
## Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society

 Short Title: Bull. Iran. Math. Soc. Publisher: Springer, Singapore; Iranian Mathematical Society, Tehran ISSN: 1017-060X; 1735-8515/e Online: https://www.springer.com/mathematics/journal/41980http://bims.iranjournals.ir/browse?_action=issue Comments: Indexed cover-to-cover; This journal is available open access.
 Documents Indexed: 1,725 Publications (since 1983) References Indexed: 614 Publications with 13,216 References.
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### Citations contained in zbMATH Open

874 Publications have been cited 2,834 times in 2,583 Documents Cited by Year
Some results on weakly contractive maps. Zbl 1391.54036
2012
Radius problems for starlike functions associated with the sine function. Zbl 1409.30009
Cho, N. E.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, S. S.; Ravichandran, V.
2019
The Fekete-Szegö coefficient functional for transforms of analytic functions. Zbl 1193.30006
Ali, R. M.; Lee, S. K.; Ravichandran, V.; Supramaniam, S.
2009
Generalized multivalued $$F$$-contractions on complete metric spaces. Zbl 1336.54036
Acar, Ö.; Durmaz, G.; Minak, G.
2014
Faber polynomial coefficient estimates for bi-univalent functions defined by the Tremblay fractional derivative operator. Zbl 1409.30021
Srivastava, H. M.; Eker, S. Sümer; Hamidi, S. G.; Jahangiri, J. M.
2018
Common fixed points of generalized contractive maps in cone metric spaces. Zbl 1201.47052
2009
A finite difference technique for solving variable-order fractional integro-differential equations. Zbl 1305.65249
Xu, Yufeng; Ertürk, Vedat Suat
2014
Application of measures of noncompactness to infinite system of linear equations in sequence spaces. Zbl 1373.46002
Alotaibi, A.; Mursaleen, M.; Mohiuddine, S. A.
2015
Weak $$F$$-contractions and some fixed point results. Zbl 1373.47049
Secelean, N. A.
2016
The general solution to a system of coupled Sylvester-type quaternion tensor equations involving $$\eta$$-Hermicity. Zbl 1423.15016
He, Zhuo-Heng
2019
On the existence and uniqueness of solution of initial value problem for fractional order differential equations on time scales. Zbl 1279.34004
2012
Triple positive solutions for boundary value problem of a nonlinear fractional differential equation. Zbl 1148.34008
Dehghani, R.; Ghanbari, K.
2007
A note on the comparison between Laplace and Sumudu transforms. Zbl 1242.44001
Kiliçman, A.; Eltayeb, H.; Atan, K. A. M.
2011
Common fixed points of $$f$$-weak contractions in cone metric spaces. Zbl 1304.54096
Sintunavarat, W.; Kumam, P.
2012
$$\sigma$$-derivations in Banach algebras. Zbl 1144.47032
Mirzavaziri, M.; Moslehian, M. S.
2006
Multipliers of generalized frames in Hilbert spaces. Zbl 1231.42031
Rahimi, A.
2011
On $$I$$-statistical and $$I$$-lacunary statistical convergence of order $$\alpha$$. Zbl 1317.40001
Das, Pratulananda; Savas, Ekrem
2014
On $$z$$-ideals of pointfree function rings. Zbl 1309.13004
Dube, Themba; Ighedo, Oghenetega
2014
$$n$$-homomorphisms. Zbl 1121.47028
Hejazian, S.; Mirzavaziri, M.; Moslehian, M. S.
2005
Fully idempotent and coidempotent modules. Zbl 1311.13010
2012
The $$(R, S)$$-symmetric and $$(R, S)$$-skew symmetric solutions of the pair of matrix equations $${A}_1 {XB}_1 = C_1$$ and $$A_2 {XB}_2 = C_2$$. Zbl 1260.15022
Dehghan, M.; Hajarian, M.
2011
Al-Zoubi, K.; Jaradat, M.; Abu-Dawwas, R.
2015
Contact CR-warped product submanifolds in Kenmotsu space forms. Zbl 1300.53031
Atçeken, M.
2013
Extension functors of local cohomology modules. Zbl 1261.13008
Aghapournahr, M.; Taherizadeh, A. J.; Vahidi, A.
2011
On quasi-Einstein Finsler spaces. Zbl 1337.53090
2014
Rough sets in a fundamental ring. Zbl 0935.20064
Davvaz, B.
1998
$$C(X)$$ versus its functionally countable subalgebra. Zbl 1416.54006
2019
On the stability of the orthogonally quartic functional equation. Zbl 1117.39020
Park, Chungil
2005
Faber polynomial coefficient estimates for bi-univalent functions defined by subordinations. Zbl 1373.30019
Hamidi, S. G.; Jahangiri, J. M.
2015
Automatic continuity of surjective $$n$$-homomorphisms on Banach algebras. Zbl 1373.46040
Eshaghi Gordji, M.; Jabbari, A.; Karapinar, E.
2015
Applications of subordination theory to starlike functions. Zbl 1373.30032
Sharma, Kanika; Ravichandran, V.
2016
Module approximate amenability of Banach algebras. Zbl 1301.43002
Pourmahmood-Aghababa, H.; Bodaghi, A.
2013
On solubility of groups with finitely many centralizers. Zbl 1303.20027
Zarrin, M.
2013
Jordan derivations on trivial extensions. Zbl 1320.47037
Ghahramani, Hoger
2013
Generalized frames in Hilbert spaces. Zbl 1180.41027
Najati, A.; Rahimi, A.
2009
epi-retractable modules and some applications. Zbl 1197.16005
2009
Zero sets in pointfree topology and strongly $$z$$-ideals. Zbl 1373.06009
Estaji, A. A.; Karimi Feizabadi, A.; Abedi, M.
2015
Existence of solutions of boundary value problems for Caputo fractional differential equations on time scales. Zbl 1373.34043
Yan, R. A.; Sun, S. R.; Han, Z. L.
2016
Image processing by alternate dual Gabor frames. Zbl 1373.42032
Arefijammal, A.; Zekaee, E.
2016
$$A$$-numerical radius orthogonality and parallelism of semi-Hilbertian space operators and their applications. Zbl 07323151
Bhunia, Pintu; Feki, Kais; Paul, Kallol
2021
On some generalized recurrent manifolds. Zbl 1406.53011
Shaikh, Absos Ali; Roy, Indranil; Kundu, Haradhan
2017
Some homological properties of amalgamated duplication of a ring along an ideal. Zbl 1288.13013
Chhiti, Mohamed; Mahdou, Najib
2012
Exact null controllability of Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional stochastic differential equations with fractional Brownian motion and Poisson jumps. Zbl 1409.34005
Ahmed, Hamdy M.; Wang, JinRong
2018
Hyers-Ulam stability of Fibonacci functional equation. Zbl 1197.39017
Jung, S.-M.
2009
Finite iterative methods for solving systems of linear matrix equations over reflexive and anti-reflexive matrices. Zbl 1306.65195
Dehghan, Mehdi; Hajarian, Masoud
2014
Coherence in amalgamated algebra along an ideal. Zbl 1373.13013
Ismaili, K. Alaoui; Mahdou, N.
2015
Common solutions to pseudomonotone equilibrium problems. Zbl 1376.90065
Hieu, Dang Van
2016
Properties of matrices with numerical ranges in a sector. Zbl 1405.15040
Zhang, Dengpeng; Hou, Lei; Ma, Lulu
2017
On the polar derivative of a polynomial. Zbl 1337.30004
Zireh, A.
2014
Convergence analysis of spectral tau method for fractional Riccati differential equations. Zbl 1382.65223
Mokhtary, P.; Ghoreishi, F.
2014
A note on the socle of certain types of $$f$$-rings. Zbl 1303.06020
Dube, Themba
2012
Sequential second derivative general linear methods for stiff systems. Zbl 1302.65163
Ezzeddine, Ali Karam; Hojjati, Gholamreza; Abdi, Ali
2013
A full Nesterov-Todd step infeasible interior-point algorithm for symmetric cone linear complementarity problem. Zbl 1305.90394
Kheirfam, Behrouz; Mahdavi-Amiri, N.
2014
A common fixed point theorem on ordered metric spaces. Zbl 1297.54093
Nashine, Hemant Kumar; Altun, Ishak
2012
A note on superspecial and maximal curves. Zbl 1298.11057
Kazemifard, A.; Naghipour, A. R.; Tafazolian, S.
2013
On nilpotent and solvable polygroups. Zbl 1303.20070
Jafarpour, M.; Aghabozorgi, H.; Davvaz, B.
2013
Common fixed point theorems of integral type in modular spaces. Zbl 1214.47054
2009
An extension of the AM-GM-HM inequality. Zbl 1428.15020
Tan, Fuping; Xie, Antai
2020
On the existence of solution for a $$k$$-dimensional system of three points nabla fractional finite difference equations. Zbl 1373.39007
Rezapour, Sh.; Salehi, S.
2015
$$L^p$$ boundedness of the Bergman projection on some generalized Hartogs triangles. Zbl 1405.32062
Beberok, T.
2017
Distinguishing number and distinguishing index of natural and fractional powers of graphs. Zbl 1405.05049
Alikhani, S.; Soltani, S.
2017
Lie-type higher derivations on operator algebras. Zbl 1341.47041
Han, D.
2014
Some extensions of the Young and Heinz inequalities for matrices. Zbl 1407.15025
2018
Some extended Simpson-type inequalities and applications. Zbl 1405.26021
Hsu, Kai-Chen; Hwang, Shiow-Ru; Tseng, Kuei-Lin
2017
On the fixed point theorems in generalized weakly contractive mappings on partial metric spaces. Zbl 1469.54077
Chi, K. P.; Karapinar, E.; Thanh, T. D.
2013
Maximum sum element orders of all proper subgroups of $$PGL(2,q)$$. Zbl 1302.20030
Jafarian Amiri, S. M.
2013
Ring with all finitely generated modules retractable. Zbl 1194.16007
2009
Shen’s processes on Finslerian connections. Zbl 1223.53019
Tayebi, A.; Najafi, B.
2010
$$g$$-frames and their duals for Hilbert $$C^*$$-modules. Zbl 1301.42049
Alijani, A.; Dehghan, M. A.
2012
On centralizers of prime rings with involution. Zbl 1373.16068
Ali, S.; Dar, N. A.
2015
The fibering map approach to a quasilinear degenerate $$p(x)$$-Laplacian equation. Zbl 1373.35144
2015
Three-operator splitting algorithm for a class of variational inclusion problems. Zbl 1440.65060
Hieu, Dang Van; Vy, Le Van; Quy, Pham Kim
2020
A scaled derivative-free projection method for solving nonlinear monotone equations. Zbl 1412.90141
Koorapetse, M.; Kaelo, P.; Offen, E. R.
2019
Spectral solutions for differential and integral equations with varying coefficients using classical orthogonal polynomials. Zbl 1433.65124
Doha, E. H.; Youssri, Y. H.; Zaky, M. A.
2019
New classes of Lyapunov type inequalities of fractional $$\Delta$$-difference Sturm-Liouville problems with applications. Zbl 1404.39023
Ghanbari, Kazem; Gholami, Yousef
2017
Entropy operator for continuous dynamical systems of finite topological entropy. Zbl 1347.37013
Rahimi, M.; Riazi, A.
2012
Completely coretractable rings. Zbl 1303.16010
Žemlička, J.
2013
Biflatness and biprojectivity of Lau product of Banach algebras. Zbl 1310.46045
Khoddami, A. R.; Vishki, H. R. Ebrahimi
2013
On generalization of prime submodules. Zbl 1301.13010
Ebrahimpour, M.; Nekooei, R.
2013
Generalized distance and common fixed point theorems in Menger probabilistic metric spaces. Zbl 1194.54069
Saadati, R.; O’Regan, D.; Vaezpour, S. M.; Kim, J. K.
2009
Automatic continuity of homomorphisms between Banach algebras and Fréchet algebras. Zbl 1140.46023
Ghasemi Honary, Taher
2006
The structure of linear preservers of gs-majorization. Zbl 1131.15001
2006
Cofiniteness of local cohomology based on a non-closed support defined by a pair of ideals. Zbl 1223.13008
Tehranian, A.; Pour Eshmanan Talemi, A.
2010
Two results about fixed point of multifunctions. Zbl 1231.47058
Rezapour, Sh.; Hamlbarani Haghi, R.
2010
The existence results for a coupled system of nonlinear fractional differential equations with multi-point boundary conditions. Zbl 1298.34011
Chen, Yi; Chen, Dezhu; Lv, Z.
2012
Permanence and global asymptotic stability of a delayed predator-prey model with Hassell-Varley type functional response. Zbl 1260.34153
Wang, Kai; Zhu, Yanling
2011
Independent double Roman domination in graphs. Zbl 1434.05114
Maimani, Hamidreza; Momeni, Mostafa; Nazari Moghaddam, Sakineh; Rahimi Mahid, Farhad; Sheikholeslami, Seyed Mahmoud
2020
On statistical type convergence in uniform spaces. Zbl 1373.54010
Bilalov, B. T.; Nazarova, T. Y.
2016
Zero elements and $$z$$-ideals in modified pointfree topology. Zbl 1490.54013
Estaji, A. A.; Feizabad, A. Karimi; Zarghani, M.
2017
On the analytic properties of intertwining operators. I: Global normalizing factors. Zbl 1433.11060
Finis, Tobias; Lapid, Erez
2017
Spatial statistics for lattice points on the sphere. I: Individual results. Zbl 1464.11076
Bourgain, Jean; Rudnick, Zeév; Sarnak, Peter
2017
Theoretical results on the global GMRES method for solving generalized Sylvester matrix equations. Zbl 1337.65036
Beik, F. Panjeh Ali
2014
Non existence of totally contact umbilical slant lightlike submanifolds of indefinite Sasakian manifolds. Zbl 1337.53071
Sachdeva, R.; Kumar, R.; Bhatia, S. Singh
2014
One-point extensions of locally compact paracompact spaces. Zbl 1276.54017
Koushesh, M. R.
2012
On solving linear Diophantine systems using generalized Rosser’s algorithm. Zbl 1221.11071
2008
Some fixed point theorems for weakly compatible multivalued mappings satisfying some general contractive conditions of integral type. Zbl 1217.54035
Altun, I.; Turkoglu, D.
2010
Applications of epi-retractable modules. Zbl 1300.16008
Pandeya, B. M.; Chaturvedi, A. K.; Gupta, A. J.
2012
Generating the integer null space and conditions for determination of an integer basis using the ABS algorithms. Zbl 1006.15005
Esmaeili, H.; Mahdavi-Amiri, N.; Spedicato, E.
2001
Certain generating matrix relations of generalized Bessel matrix polynomials from the view point of Lie algebra method. Zbl 1409.33008
Shehata, A.
2018
Jensen’s and Hermite-Hadamard’s type inequalities for lower and strongly convex functions on normed spaces. Zbl 1409.26005
Dragomir, Silvestru Sever; Nikodem, Kazimierz
2018
Product-type operators from the Bloch space into Zygmund-type spaces. Zbl 07499373
Abbasi, Ebrahim; Zhu, Xiangling
2022
Weighted MPCEP inverse of an operator between Hilbert spaces. Zbl 07499352
Stojanović, Katarina S.; Mosić, Dijana
2022
Convergence analysis for iterative learning control of conformable impulsive differential equations. Zbl 1483.34025
Qiu, Wanzheng; Fečkan, Michal; O’Regan, Donal; Wang, JinRong
2022
Some notes on barreledness in locally convex cones. Zbl 07499369
Dastouri, Amir; Ranjbari, Asghar
2022
Generalizations of expansiveness in non-autonomous discrete systems. Zbl 07499375
2022
An efficient algorithm for the extended trust-region subproblem with two linear constraints. Zbl 1483.90103
Karbasy, Saeid Ansary; Salahi, Maziar
2022
$$A$$-numerical radius orthogonality and parallelism of semi-Hilbertian space operators and their applications. Zbl 07323151
Bhunia, Pintu; Feki, Kais; Paul, Kallol
2021
Concomitants of generalized order statistics under the generalization of Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern-type bivariate distributions. Zbl 1466.62317
2021
A class of operator-related composition operators from the Besov spaces into the Bloch space. Zbl 07323134
Zhu, Xiangling; Abbasi, Ebrahim; Ebrahimi, Ali
2021
Nonlinear maps preserving mixed product on factors. Zbl 07426832
Zhao, Yuanyuan; Li, Changjing; Chen, Quanyuan
2021
Torsion pairs in categories of modules over a preadditive category. Zbl 1467.13023
Parra, Carlos E.; Saorín, Manuel; Virili, Simone
2021
Starlike functions associated with cosine functions. Zbl 1473.30007
2021
$$A$$-numerical radius and product of semi-Hilbertian operators. Zbl 07323147
Zamani, Ali
2021
Littlewood-Paley conjecture for certain classes of analytic functions. Zbl 1456.30031
Cho, Nak Eun; Kumar, Virendra
2021
Viscosity self-adaptive method for generalized split system of variational inclusion problem. Zbl 1466.90071
Gebrie, Anteneh Getachew; Bekele, Berhanu
2021
Nonlinear bi-skew Lie derivations on factor von Neumann algebras. Zbl 1478.16041
Kong, Liang; Zhang, Jianhua
2021
Notes on the existence of entire solutions for several partial differential-difference equations. Zbl 1477.35013
Xu, Hong Yan; Wang, Hua
2021
More generalizations of Hartfiel’s inequality and the Brunn-Minkowski inequality. Zbl 1462.15023
Dong, Sheng; Wang, Qing-Wen
2021
A note on naturally ordered semigroups of partial transformations preserving an equivalence. Zbl 07323131
Sun, Lei
2021
Spanning trees of bounded degree, connectivity, toughness, and the spectrum of a graph. Zbl 1456.05101
Duan, Cunxiang; Wang, Ligong
2021
Uniform convergence of Fourier series expansions for a fourth-order spectral problem with boundary conditions depending on the eigenparameter. Zbl 1456.34018
Namazov, Faiq Mirzali
2021
The doubly diagonally dominant degree of the Schur complement of strictly doubly diagonally dominant matrices and its applications. Zbl 1464.15029
Gu, Jiangliu; Zhou, Shouwei; Zhao, Jianxing; Zhang, Jiafeng
2021
Solution of a class of nonlinear matrix equations. Zbl 1460.15021
Pakhira, Samik; Bose, Snehasish; Hossein, Sk Monowar
2021
Mappings preserving sum of products $$a\circ b-ba^*$$ on factor von Neumann algebras. Zbl 07377329
da Motta Ferreira, João Carlos; das Graças Bruno Marietto, Maria
2021
Relations between $$n$$-Jordan homomorphisms and $$n$$-homomorphisms. Zbl 07377330
2021
On non-split abelian extensions. Zbl 1491.20102
Snanou, Noureddine; Charkani, Mohammed Elhassani
2021
Consensus tracking for second-order multi-agent system with pure delay using the delay exponential matrices. Zbl 1470.93146
Luo, Zijian; Wang, JinRong
2021
An approach between the multiplicative and additive structure of a Jordan ring. Zbl 1472.17002
Ferreira, Bruno Leonardo Macedo; Guzzo, Henrique jun.; Ferreira, Ruth Nascimento
2021
On $$\mathcal{H}_Y$$-ideals. Zbl 1467.13004
2021
Solvability for two forms of nonlinear matrix equations. Zbl 1471.15011
Zhai, Chengbo; Jin, Zhixiang
2021
Weighted Moore-Penrose inverses associated with weighted projections on indefinite inner product spaces. Zbl 1481.46058
Yan, Guanjie; Tan, Yunfei; Xu, Qingxiang
2021
On a class of critical $$p$$-biharmonic Kirchhoff type problems with indefinite weights. Zbl 07377359
Nguyen Thanh Chung
2021
Second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for constrained vector equilibrium problem with applications. Zbl 1473.90154
Su, Tran Van; Hang, Dinh Dieu
2021
Modified hybrid projection methods with SP iterations for quasi-nonexpansive multivalued mappings in Hilbert spaces. Zbl 1473.54047
Chaolamjiak, Watcharaporn; Yambangwai, Damrongsak; Hammad, Hasanen A.
2021
Sufficient conditions for strong starlikeness. Zbl 1477.30020
Sharma, Kanika; Cho, Nak Eun; Ravichandran, V.
2021
Radii of uniform convexity of Lommel and Struve functions. Zbl 1473.30008
Deniz, Erhan; Kazımoğlu, Sercan; Çağlar, Murat
2021
Inverse boundary value problem for a third-order partial differential equation with integral conditions. Zbl 1478.35233
Aliyev, Ziyatkhan Seyfaddin; Mehraliyev, Yashar Topush; Yusifova, Elmira Haci
2021
Analysis of Dirichlet-Robin iterations for solving the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations. Zbl 1480.35139
Achieng, Pauline; Berntsson, Fredrik; Chepkorir, Jennifer; Kozlov, Vladimir
2021
Complexity aspects of variants of independent Roman domination in graphs. Zbl 1474.05308
2021
Extreme-support total monophonic graphs. Zbl 1474.05113
Ganesamoorthy, Kathiresan; Murugan, Muniyappan; Santhakumaran, Ananthapalpu PonnaiahNadar
2021
A note on lower bound lifespan estimates for semi-linear wave/Klein-Gordon equations associated with the harmonic oscillator. Zbl 1478.35045
Zhang, Qidi; Zheng, Lvsi
2021
Composition operators between weighted Fock spaces. Zbl 1482.30129
Liu, Xingxing; Dai, Jineng
2021
An extension of the AM-GM-HM inequality. Zbl 1428.15020
Tan, Fuping; Xie, Antai
2020
Three-operator splitting algorithm for a class of variational inclusion problems. Zbl 1440.65060
Hieu, Dang Van; Vy, Le Van; Quy, Pham Kim
2020
Independent double Roman domination in graphs. Zbl 1434.05114
Maimani, Hamidreza; Momeni, Mostafa; Nazari Moghaddam, Sakineh; Rahimi Mahid, Farhad; Sheikholeslami, Seyed Mahmoud
2020
Relativization of star-$$C$$-Hurewicz property in topological spaces. Zbl 1447.54020
Bhardwaj, Manoj; Tyagi, B. K.; Singh, Sumit
2020
Majorization results for subclasses of starlike functions based on the sine and cosine functions. Zbl 1435.30066
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text:
Air resistance on rotating cylinder

1. Sep 1, 2009

moejoe

Hello,

I am interested in the problem of air resistance on a cylinder rotating about its axis (axis of rotation is through the flat parts).
I used the drag equation and substituted the "cross-sectional" area as the area that's rotating at R (if R is the radius of the cylinder) so it would be the circumference multiplied by the height of the cylinder.
$$\ {F}_d= -{1 \over 2} \rho v^2 A C_d$$
where $$\ A=2 \pi R h$$
h: Height of Cylinder
p: density of air
v: velocity of that which is moving through the air
A: cross-sectional area
Cd: Coefficient of drag

So I assumed this is the equation that would describe the system, but I am thinking I am wrong here because the cylinder isn't really translating through the air, it seems more like a shear force acting on it. Any ideas?

Edit: Does anyone know of an equation that describes the system I am talking about?

Last edited: Sep 1, 2009
2. Sep 1, 2009

Bob S

I do not believe the normal Cd applies to a cylinder rotating about its axis of symmetry. Your drag equation applies to turbulent drag, which may not be appropriate here either.
 The following paper reviews wind tunnel tests on a 66-cm diameter cylinder rotating at 1600 RPM in 56 m/sec wind (open access)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/5208081/CFD-Modeling-Of-Wind-Tunnel-Flow-Over-A-Rotating-Cylinder [Broken]
The Reynolds number for this situation is over 10^6, so it is very turbulent. The drag coefficient (which may be for a non-rotating cylinder) is 0.6 to 0.68. In this case, the area A would be 2R/h, not 2 pi R/h.

Last edited by a moderator: May 4, 2017
3. Sep 3, 2009

moejoe

Thank you for sending me that article.
The problem in the article is regarding a rotating cylinder in a wind tunnel.
I am merely considering a rotating cylinder where there is insignificant air velocity.

I have discarded the drag equation for the cylinder because I have realized that there is no "pushing" against the air, rather surface boundary interactions. Now I am not really familiar with shear stress calculations but I have tried something which goes like this:

Wall Shear Stress: $$\tau_w = \mu \frac{du}{dy} \right|_{y=R}$$
where, $$\mu$$ is the dynamic viscosity, $$u$$ is the flow velocity parallell to the wall and $$y$$ is the distance to the wall.
So I looked at it kind of backwards, rather than the fluid is moving, the wall is moving, so the distance to the wall is from r=0 to r=R (radius of cylinder) and the flow velocity would be the tangential velocity at r=R. So we have $$v_t = w*r$$ and a derivative with respect to r would give: $$\frac{du}{dy} = w$$
Now we have: $$\tau_w = \mu w$$
The force is related by: $$F = \tau_w A$$, where A is the cross-sectional area
So the cross sectional area involved of the cylinder would be the the top, bottom, and the sides. (see attachment picture)
For top and bottom it would be: $$2 \pi R^2$$
For the side it would be: $$2 \pi R h$$
so the final force equation boils down to: $$F = 2 \pi R \mu w(h+R)$$
This is great because $$\mu$$ is known.

Now it seems kind of strange to me that the shear stress is the same for all points of the cylinder even where the tangential velocity of the surface is lower. So far the results of this equation compared to the previous one give me higher terminal velocities (2x, up to 10x) - which is what I would expect. Can anyone tell me if I am wrong/right?

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4. Apr 26, 2010

tomkerr

HI,

I don't know if you are still reading this but is you solution worked ?
I have a similar problem to solve and I pretty agree wit what you are saying.

5. Apr 26, 2010

LostConjugate

This looks like it only works for t=0 when the cylinder is not moving. A time dependent equation would have a gaussian function as the friction is reduced over time.

6. Apr 27, 2010

moejoe

I don't know if this solution works or not because I would have to experimentally verify it. I still don't know if I derived a correct theoretical model for this case. I agree with LostConjugate that the friction will alter (i.e. decrease) with time as the air currents equilibrate with the rotating cylinder but that is taking the model a step further. I still don't have the basic model that I can trust.

7. Apr 28, 2010

mordechai9

You are correct that the drag equation is really derived for the different case of flow going past a body, not for a rotating body. In your next post, you were on the right track I think when you mention the wall shear force of

$$\tau_w = \mu \frac{d u}{dy}.$$

In polar coordinates, the derivative transforms to

$$\tau_w = \mu \frac{ d u_\theta }{dr}.$$

The flow field between two rotating cylinders can be solved for exactly in the fluid equations. I've got a book by White, "Viscous fluid flow", page 103, which gives a good reference. This analysis assumes the cylinders are infinitely long and the system is in steady state, i.e., it has already started spinning and now nothing is changing with time. In the limit that the outside cylinder goes to infinite radius and zero angular velocity, it gives the proper velocity that you're looking for. The solution from the book is just

$$u_\theta = \frac{R^2 \omega}{r}$$.

This expression provides

$$\tau_w(R) = \mu R^2 \omega (-\frac{1}{R^2}) = - \mu \omega.$$

The minus sign just indicates the force is in the clockwise direction, assuming the cylinder rotated counterclockwise, which makes perfect sense of course. Then, integrating around the circumference, for the entire cylinder of length L and circumference 2 pi R, you just get

$$F = \int - \mu \omega R d\theta dL= - 2 \pi \mu \omega R L .$$

This analysis doesn't include the drag from the top and bottom of the cylinder, which would have to be calculated differently. You were right before to notice an intuitive issue due to the fact that the top and bottom of the cylinder have a velocity that varies with distance from the center axis. If the cylinder is long, then those sides shouldn't matter too much. Still, this is a good starting point, since you have an exact solution for this case.

You might be able to account for the top and bottom by considering a different case with a rotating disk, and then adding those contributions to the current case.

Last edited: Apr 28, 2010
8. Apr 28, 2010

LostConjugate

Normally in polar coordinates there is an Integral over a Radial function and an integral over the two angles inside this integral.

Is there a radial function missing here?

If you increase the radius and keep the period the same, the surface will be going faster which would create more drag, plus there is more surface area and the drag is not a conservative force.

9. Apr 28, 2010

mordechai9

Sorry i had an error somewhere else that might have been throwing you off. I just fixed it and now it should be correct. Actually, the integral is correct because you are evaluating at constant R so you don't need to carry out a radial integration.

10. Apr 28, 2010

mordechai9

Edit: OK, I looked it over and I'm pretty sure this is all correct now (but I won't make any bets!)

Last edited: Apr 28, 2010
11. May 3, 2010

tomkerr

Thank you very much mordechai9.

12. May 4, 2010

tomkerr

I have a question tough,
If the cylinder have not a perfect shape and have some singularities (like groove) which will lead to some surfaces directly facing the air.
should I consider a classic drag force for these surfaces ?


text:
# Probability of Wait

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P_W =
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MichaelBartmess.Probability of Wait
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This equation represents the offered load and is measured in Erlangs.  Erlangs are a dimensionless unit often used in telephony to measure carried load.  It is an element frequently used in queuing models.

The offered traffic measured in Erlangs is related to call arrival rate, lambda and average call holding time, h, by1 :

E = lambda * h

For example, a single cord circuit has the capacity to be used for 60 minutes in one hour. If one hundred six-minute calls are received on a group of such circuits, then assuming no other calls are placed for the rest of the hour, the total traffic in that hour will be six hundred minutes, or 10 erlangs.2


text:
# linear combination of two Wiener processes

I have a question concerning the linear combination of two Wiener processes (please see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_process for a definition). Let $W$ and $\tilde{W}$ be two Wiener processes and $a,b \in \mathbb{R}$.

Here is my question: Which conditions must $W, \tilde{W}, a$ and $b$ satisfy, that $Z:= aW + b\tilde{W}$ is a Wiener process?

My first guess would be: The processes and scalars must satisfy the following conditions:

(a) The increments $\{ W_{t_i} - W_{s_i} , \tilde{W}_{t_i} - \tilde{W}_{s_i} ~|~ 1\leq i \leq N \}$ of the processes must be independent for every $N \in \mathbb{N}$ and every choice of $t_i > s_i \geq t_{i-1} > s_{i-1} \geq 0$.

(b) $a^2 + b^2 = 1$

In this case we have that $Z_0 = 0$, the paths of $Z$ are a.s. continuous and the increments of $Z$ satisfy the independence condition. The increments $Z_t - Z_s$ are normally distributed with expectation zero and variance $\sigma^2 = s-t$. This follows from:

$Z_t - Z_s = a(W_t - W_s ) + b( \tilde{W}_t - \tilde{W}_s) \sim \mathcal{N}(0, (a^2+b^2)(t-s))\sim \mathcal{N}(0, t-s)$

Thus we have checked that $Z$ is a Wiener process. Unfortunately the conditions above seem to be very restircting. Can one do better? With best regards, Mat.

-

You have found necessary conditions for $Z$ to be a Wiener process, thus no one can do better. Necessity means that if such conditions are not verified, then $Z$ is not a Wiener process. So, you have to have $(a,b)\in \Bbb S^1$ - here I assume that you meant $W,\tilde W$ to be independent.
You are only left to check that this condition is also sufficient for $Z = aW+b\tilde W$ to be a Wiener process. This is easy - you just need to check that $Z$ satisfies 3 properties (which you almost already did looking for the necessary conditions).