text:
7R3. Me´thode des E´le´ments Finis en Me´canique des Structures. Finite Element Methods in the Mechanics of Structures. (French). - T Gmur. Presses Polytech et Univ Romandes, Lausanne. 2000. 252 pp. ISBN 2-88074-461-X.

Reviewed by VD Radulescu (Dept of Math, Univ of Craiova, 13, St AI Cuza, Craiova, 1100, Romania).

This textbook deals with the study of some elementary basic problems raised by Applied Mechanics. The book is intended for a large audience: students in Applied Sciences, researchers, engineers, etc.

Let Ω be a smooth bounded domain in $RN.$ The problems studied in the present work are of the following (weak) form: find a vector field u such that
$∫Ω vT[Du-f]dΩ=0 ∀v,$
where D is a certain linear differential operator and f is a given vector field. Throughout the work, the study is limited to the case of linear elliptic partial differential equations of second order. In many cases, the exact solution of this problem (if it exists!) cannot be found explicitly. That is why several methods have been developed in Numerical Analysis in order to approximate the solutions of wide classes of differential equations. The Finite Element Method was introduced in the 50s, and it can be viewed as an extension of the classical Galerkin Method. The Finite Element Method consists in the decomposition of Ω into a finite number of subdomains, called finite elements. The solution of the initial problem is then found as an assemblage of functions with compact support.

After a short introduction, the author introduces in Chapter 2 the strong and the weak mathematical formulation in the one-dimensional case. This elementary frame-work enables the author to explain carefully how numerical methods can be applied for approximating the solution. The Finite Element Method is based in this simple case by an integral approach.

In the next chapter, the weak formulation of the approached problem is developed, and one-dimensional linear finite problems of second degree are considered.

Chapter 4 is devoted to the presentation of the weak formulation to linear bidimensional problems of the second degree. The study is developed on the model of the heat-transfer equation. In this case, the approach is based on planar finite elements. The author develops the mathematical treatment of the problem, which includes convergence and numerical integration. A general situation is treated in Chapter 5, which includes applications in Linear Elasticity for two or three dimensions.

The last chapter is devoted to some applications of the Finite Element Method. Here, the numerical solutions are confronted to experimental results. In this chapter, but also throughout the book, the exposition simplifies many results that have so far only been accessible in several journal articles.

In short, there is an enormous wealth of content provided by the author, much of it cannot be found in any single source. Certainly, many techniques related to the Finite Element Method are discussed, so the title is unquestionably appropriate. The book and its extensive bibliography (100 titles strictly related to the subject) should serve as a tremendous reference for all researchers in the field and certainly belongs on the bookshelf next to other references on the Finite Element Method.

One of the reasons why the author is able to cover such vast material in the book is that he tends to develop the main ideas exactly to the right degree of generality that he needs. Moreover, the treatment is always done by progressing from the special to the general case, essentially avoiding pedantic verifications. Sometimes the proof is even given through the right picture. In this case, the author has really saved the reader from a lot of unnecessary heavy notation. Moreover, the notation is not only simple, but also everywhere consistent.

One basic question this reviewer would like to answer is whether this book is meant for students. My feeling is that, first of all, it is very nice for students to see so many concrete examples and pictures. The reader here is well motivated by simple, but illuminating examples before being faced with general notions. This is due quite systematically in the book, where examples and pictures always precede the proofs and allow those to be easily stated and easily understood.

This reviewer concludes that Me´thode des E´le´ments Finis en Me´canique des Structures is an attractive book, full of concrete information, which gives a clear and lucid view of the current knowledge on the resolution of differential equations with the Finite Element Method.

format: plain


text:
2018
Том 70
№ 6

# Kosyak O. V.

Articles: 5
Article (Russian)

### Operators of Generalized Translation and Hypergroups Constructed from Self-Adjoint Differential Operators

Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2005. - 57, № 5. - pp. 659–668

We construct new examples of operators of generalized translation and convolutions in eigenfunctions of certain self-adjoint differential operators.

Article (English)

### Elementary Representations of the Group $B_0^ℤ$ of Upper-Triangular Matrices Infinite in Both Directions. I

Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 2002. - 54, № 2. - pp. 205-216

We define so-called “elementary representations” $T_p^{R,µ},\; p ∈ ℤ$, of the group $B_0^ℤ$ of finite upper-triangular matrices infinite in both directions by using quasi-invariant measures on certain homogeneous spaces and give a criterion for the irreducibility and equivalence of the representations constructed. We also give a criterion for the irreducibility of the tensor product of finitely many and infinitely many elementary representations.

Article (Ukrainian)

### A Garding domain for representations of the canonical commutation relations

Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1984. - 36, № 6. - pp. 709 – 715

Article (Ukrainian)

### Garding domain and entire vectors for inductive limits of commutative locally compact groups

Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1983. - 35, № 4. - pp. 427—434

Article (Ukrainian)

### Families of commuting self-adjoint operators

Ukr. Mat. Zh. - 1979. - 31, № 5. - pp. 555–558


text:
# Equations – Factorization of a polynomial equation – Exercise 5621

Exercise

$$2x^3-7x^2+7x-2=0$$
$$(x-2)(2x-1)(x-1)$$


text:
PRESENTED BY

# Latex subfigure label top left

I plan on some of my figures to be multipanel figures. The journal wants such figures submitted as pre-arranged multipanel figures rather than each panel as a separate file. So, when I add those pre-arranged multipanel figures in LaTeX, is there a way to create labels for the subfigures to be able to.
By softail heritage seats  on
Aug 23, 2012 · Subfigures with caption on side. Postby pemfir » Thu Aug 23, 2012 10:05 pm. Hi, Each sub-figure is typically assigned a letter like (a), (b), (c) each indicating a figure inside a sub figure.Is there anyway to place these letters on the side of the figure instead of on the top or bottom ?. 14 hours ago · Latex Column Width Install! find wedding venues, cakes, dresses.

## kalkulator registracije bih

If you want to add multiple images with a. 1 day ago · Such “function applications” will be removed by this algorithm. change font size itemize latex . com - This is the first tutorial in the video tutorial series on how to learn Latex . cases ( LaTeX environment) The cases environment renders multiple lines with an extensible left curly.
Pros & Cons

### jeep cherokee not starting just clicking

Subfigures in LaTeX. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. subfigures.tex. This file contains bidirectional Unicode text that may be interpreted or compiled differently than what appears below.
Pros & Cons

## christian songs guitar chords

The big left subfigure is measured and typeset, so we can set the height of the right box to be exactly the same as the left box's. You could also use minipages if you don't want to use subfigures, so the result looks more like the example in the question:. csdn已为您找到关于latex怎么更改自动标号相关内容，包含latex怎么更改自动标号相关文档代码介绍、相关.
Pros & Cons

## mercury boat motor alarm going off

The big left subfigure is measured and typeset, so we can set the height of the right box to be exactly the same as the left box's. You could also use minipages if you don't want to use subfigures, so the result looks more like the example in the question:. csdn已为您找到关于latex怎么更改自动标号相关内容，包含latex怎么更改自动标号相关文档代码介绍、相关.
Pros & Cons

## free lds sheet music piano

How to create subfigures in LaTeX? Let's start explaining the basic way of creating subfigures. For instance, instead of using \hfill, and thus left-aligning one image and right-aligning the other, we can Controlling the horizontal spacing between the different subfigures, we can stack one on top of each.
Pros & Cons

## elevator music

2015-6-26 · 使用LaTeX的过程中总免不了要在一个大图中包含好几个子图。当前在LaTeX中插入多个子图使用的最新版本的包围subfig，基本上好的主流的国外期刊都会具体要求使用该包。1 问题描述我在使用该包的过程中遇到的一个问题为： 我需要的子图的展现方式为 我刚开始使用的代码为\begin{figure}[!htb] \centering.
Pros & Cons

## 4bedroom 2bath house for sale near me

This document is created for my own personal reference while learning LATEX. Most of the material is gathered by surng Internet and the credit goes to their original authors. I hope some day I could organize this document well.
Pros & Cons

## cloudflare api docs

The counter used for labeling the subgures is subfigure and is incremented for each subgure 3. Indent. Total indentation from the left margin. 4. Numwidth. Width of box for the label number if the This box is combined with the top margin (\subfigtopskip) and placed as the height portion of the.
Pros & Cons
pink benchmade knife Tech find song from reddit video jayco parts catalog 2016

A basic article class document has figure and subfigure captions that look like this: The letters and numbers (“a”, “b” and “1”) that enumerate the captions and subcaptions are caption labels. In the above, the subfigure caption label is enclosed by parentheses and the figure caption label is separated from the caption text by a colon. accident on a34 today. Aug 01, 2007 · LaTex will automaticaly place objects onto the next line, if space is not sufficient. Remark: Using the subfigure-package is another way to place figures or tables side-by-side.You might want to have a look at this post on subfigures.. . Whatever answers related to “latex subfigure align top”. move a figure to left latex. aligning latex. move figure. This video is part of my Latex Course. Latex Subfigure Environment: Putting Images Side by Side and Formatting captions. In this video, we will learn how to put caption/subcaption label at various positions. Common positions: top left/right, bottom. 2022-8-1 · subfigure (LaTeX package) Edit Edit source History Talk (0) watch 01:38. Thor Love and Thunder - The Loop. Do you like this video? Play Sound The subfigure package provides an alternative approach to side-by-side tables, and removes the need for specifying subtable width. See also [] tabular; This article is a stub.

If you want to add multiple images with a. 1 day ago · Such “function applications” will be removed by this algorithm. change font size itemize latex . com - This is the first tutorial in the video tutorial series on how to learn Latex . cases ( LaTeX environment) The cases environment renders multiple lines with an extensible left curly. 2016-12-11 · 本文总结了 使用 \ subfigure 和minipage进行 多 个子 图 排列 的 两种方法。. 第一种是一列 多 个 图 像作为一个子 图 ，赋予同一个名字。. 第二种是单个 图 像作为一个子 图 ，赋予一个名字。. 但两种 的 方式 的 第一步都是先导入 subfigure 包。. \usepackage { subfigure. Besides the regular LATEX commands, a large number of packages can be used to customize the tables and overcome the limitations that the regular commands have. The documentation on tables is very fragmented because every package modies just an aspect of the table typeset; hence.

Figures. Labels. In general, it is a good idea to let LaTeX place the float where it wants, at least at first, when you have the entire document written you can then go back and change it if you wish. Place approximately at spot in source test. t. Place at top of page. When one wants to put multiple subfigures inside a subfigure, one must use two packages, caption and subcaption. 2007-11-10 · This post will tell you how to change the page layout of the whole document or single pages to “landscape”. In addition, it is possible to make single pages appear left side up in the PDF, making them more readable. Changing the whole document to “landscape” can be done be using the geometry-package: 1. \usepackage[landscape] {geometry}.

## ridgid 4251 miter saw

Causes the label to be a hanging indentation to the cap-tion paragraph. Causes each line of the paragraph to be This option left-justies the one line caption. Sets the font size of the captions. The counter used for labeling the subgures is subfigure and is incremented for each subgure regardless. The subfigure package provides an alternative approach to side-by-side tables, and removes the need for specifying subtable width. tabular. The reason this works is because the text width within the subfigure is the width we specified in the \begin {subfigure} command, i.e. 0.3 times the normal text width (which is the value of \textwidth ). Next we give the subfigure a separate caption and label. We can then end the subfigure and add the next two in. After loading the subcaption package the new environments subfigure and subtable are available, which have the same (optional & mandatory) arguments as the minipage environment. Inside these environments you use the ordinary \caption command for typesetting captions.

salt bath weight cut plus size warehouse clearance

2021-6-4 · 所以上面分别是什么下面会再讲解到。. 我们先看 package ：. subfigure 很老了，已经完全被淘汰了，由 subfig 取代。. subfig 与 hyperref 搭配使用会有点小问题，但不要紧。. subfig 和 subfigure 也 不能 同时加载，会冲突. subcaption 是最新的，但和 subfig 和 subfigure 不.

• The labelformat option can be set to: Label FormatResult. labelformat = emptyNo label is shown – i.e. voto negativo number letter. Latex captionsetup options The ﬂoatrow package Olga Lapko [email protected] 2009/08/02 Abstract This package.

• Search: How To Set Left Align In Latex . Previous ones: Basics and overview Use of mathematical symbols in formulas and equations Many of the examples shown here were adapted from the Wikipedia article Displaying a formula, which is actually about formulas in Math Move to a new position All members attended who were new A General Note: Decomposition.. 2021-3-2 · As suggested in this answer on the LaTeX Community forum (LaTeX.org), it's quite easy to achieve the left alignment by loading the package caption with the options singlelinecheck=false and justification=justified: usepackage[singlelinecheck=false,justification=justified] {caption} If you're interested in the. How to Align Text In LaTeX. By default, LaTeX aligns text using a fully justified method. In most cases, this method works great, especially when working with Mathematical formulas or chemical equations. Left Justify Text. To use left-alignment on a document, use the FlushLeft command. Aug 23, 2012 · Subfigures with caption on side. Postby pemfir » Thu Aug 23, 2012 10:05 pm. Hi, Each sub-figure is typically assigned a letter like (a), (b), (c) each indicating a figure inside a sub figure.Is there anyway to place these letters on the side of the figure instead of on the top or bottom ?. 14 hours ago · Latex Column Width Install! find wedding venues, cakes, dresses. The reason this works is because the text width within the subfigure is the width we specified in the \begin {subfigure} command, i.e. 0.3 times the normal text width (which is the value of \textwidth ). Next we give the subfigure a separate caption and label. We can then end the subfigure and add the next two in.

LaTeX automatically floats Tables and Figures, depending on how much space is left on the page at the point that they are processed. If there is not enough room on the current page, the float is moved to the top of the next page. This can be changed by moving the Table or Figure definition to an earlier or.

## earnapp alternatives

How to add subfigure in Latex How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX (Part 3): Figures, Subfigures and Tables Multiple subfigures in a row in a LaTeX document.

• best reviews for pharmacy

• jensen beach shark attack 2022

• pip medical expense limit

• glock 42 extended magazine 15 round

• toyota dealership with no markup

• there are 1 unreleased streamingmanagers

• regus guildford

• lynn mass police

• Typeset once. LaTeX will compile it, but it will show a message: LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have prosper, HA-prosper ps4pdf raggedr scrlettr scrpage seminar subfigure t1enc times utopia vmargin. paragraph, justifying to left 62 ragged-left text, creating 62 title, centering 63 verses, centering 64.

• bartholin cyst miracle method

• skyline tv

• cz shadow 2 custom slide

• camping at cape henlopen state park

• things to do with your mom as a son

The labelformat option can be set to: Label FormatResult. labelformat = emptyNo label is shown – i.e. voto negativo number letter. Latex captionsetup options The ﬂoatrow package Olga Lapko [email protected] 2009/08/02 Abstract This package.

## genie one man lift

accident on a34 today. Aug 01, 2007 · LaTex will automaticaly place objects onto the next line, if space is not sufficient. Remark: Using the subfigure-package is another way to place figures or tables side-by-side.You might want to have a look at this post on subfigures.. . Whatever answers related to “latex subfigure align top”. move a figure to left latex. aligning latex. move figure. The captions for figures, tables, subfigures and subtables in LaTeX can be customized in various ways using the caption and subcaption packages.. "/> bestway horizontal beam replacement. super pharma cardarine; neopixel fader; best dana 60 locker aurix tc2xx; sacred texts book of the dead python bleak windows maximum normal stress theory. Aug 23, 2012 · Subfigures with caption on side. Postby pemfir » Thu Aug 23, 2012 10:05 pm. Hi, Each sub-figure is typically assigned a letter like (a), (b), (c) each indicating a figure inside a sub figure.Is there anyway to place these letters on the side of the figure instead of on the top or bottom ?. 14 hours ago · Latex Column Width Install! find wedding venues, cakes, dresses.

2022 sally ride quarter errors

Add subfigures horizontallyPermalink. The following code puts two subfigures in a figure portion I used to draw plots using matplotlib a lot and then add the figures in reports. Later I switched to latex plots as it is easier and works best for numerous.

1983 chevy c10 fuse box diagram carvana credit card down payment

In research articles, we need to add subfigures often. To create subfigure in la. As you are aware, there are commands to put a bar or a tilde over a symbol in math mode in LaTeX. Sometimes, the output doesn't come out the way some of us might expect or want. Fortunately, there are alternative commands that do the same task differently that we can try and there are also other. Search: How To Set Left Align In Latex . Previous ones: Basics and overview Use of mathematical symbols in formulas and equations Many of the examples shown here were adapted from the Wikipedia article Displaying a formula, which is actually about formulas in Math Move to a new position All members attended who were new A General Note: Decomposition.. LaTeX automatically floats Tables and Figures, depending on how much space is left on the page at the point that they are processed. If there is not enough room on the current page, the float is moved to the top of the next page. This can be changed by moving the Table or Figure definition to an earlier or.

## desantis 2024 make america florida

tag: spacing table-of-contents floats subcaption tocloft No meu documento, tenho várias figuras espalhadas e algumas delas consistem em subfiguras sem legendas.

• nys puppy mill law

• A basic article class document has figure and subfigure captions that look like this: The letters and numbers ("a", "b" and "1") that enumerate the captions and subcaptions are caption labels. In the above, the subfigure caption label is enclosed by parentheses and the figure caption label is separated from the caption text by a colon.

• The reason this works is because the text width within the subfigure is the width we specified in the \begin {subfigure} command, i.e. 0.3 times the normal text width (which is the value of \textwidth ). Next we give the subfigure a separate caption and label. We can then end the subfigure and add the next two in.

• vajacial and wax near me

• hagie sts 12 service manual

• TeX - LaTeX: Look at this piece of paper from an APS journal: as you can see there is a single image (called figure 3) with already embedded the (a), (b), etc.. letters If you look above it you can see they are able to reference the single parts of the ~ Subfigure labelling for a single figure with REVTeX 4.2.

• The subfigure package provides functionality to arrange figures and tables next to each other, within the usual figure-floating-environment. Subfigure is a package, therefore the first thing you need to do is add the package to your Latex-document.

\usepackage[left=2cm, right=2, top=3cm, bottom=4cm, bindingoffset=1cm, inlcudeheadfoot]{geometry}. F.2. Subfigures withsubcaption. Use*variant for unnumbered equation (without label). Package option for equation position:fleqnfixed indent from the left. The big left subfigure is measured and typeset, so we can set the height of the right box to be exactly the same as the left box's. You could also use minipages if you don't want to use subfigures, so the result looks more like the example in the question:. csdn已为您找到关于latex怎么更改自动标号相关内容，包含latex怎么更改自动标号相关文档代码介绍、相关.

The subfigure package provides an alternative approach to side-by-side tables, and removes the need for specifying subtable width. tabular.

skilled nursing facility physical therapy exercises
arkansas football recruiting espn
ct food bank volunteer
• Squarespace version: 7.1
human trafficking statistics in the united states 2021

Check Latex error "Command \ c @ subfigure already defined". Today, the LATEX code of a description of the previous submission Tkde is placed in the LATEX template of Science [Latex] IEEE Journal Latex Typography CAPTION Head Set MiniPage and Subfigure [Release Pain Mask].

sonic exe remix fnf

meshlab merge meshes
gmc 3500 dually 2022
chelsea 272 pto installation manual
• Squarespace version: 7.1
jeep cherokee intermittent no start

Oct 16, 2021 · 2) Reference the figure. Now, somewhere else in my document I want to make a reference to this figure. If I just want to refer to the figure number, I.

The labelformat option can be set to: Label FormatResult. labelformat = emptyNo label is shown – i.e. voto negativo number letter. Latex captionsetup options The ﬂoatrow package Olga Lapko [email protected] 2009/08/02 Abstract This package.

cortisone injection lawsuit
team mom duties for soccer
• Squarespace version: 7.1
yacht businesses for sale near manchester

Many problems in LaTeX requires some research, so I started to record my findings. Some of this is overly simplified, never investigated past my own needs, some things are unverified, some of quite possible wrong. Lately I haven't needed TeX much, so I don't work on this page much. Ich möchte statische Bildanmerkungen durch Anmerkungen in LaTeX ersetzen, damit sie alle die gleiche Größe haben. Ich verwende immer Figuren und manchmal Unterfiguren.

at what age can a child decide to stop visitation

how to test an ac motor
emigrantas lietuviska televizija internetu
fake carts reddit
• Squarespace version: 7.0
cub cadet rzt 54 deck parts diagram

How to add subfigure in Latex How to Write a Thesis in LaTeX (Part 3): Figures, Subfigures and Tables Multiple subfigures in a row in a LaTeX document. In research articles, we need to add subfigures often. To create subfigure in la.

bypass onlyfans paywall reddit

carb intolerance test
my mischievous fiancee ep 1 eng sub english
motion to terminate removal proceedings 2020
• Squarespace version: 7.1
is pocket 7 games legit

Packages to create subfigures in LaTeX. 1. Subfigure LaTeX package. The first LaTeX package written to deal with subfigures was the subfigure package. This package: Provided support for the manipulation and reference of small or `sub’ figures and tables within a. Aug 23, 2012 · Subfigures with caption on side. Postby pemfir » Thu Aug 23, 2012 10:05 pm. Hi, Each sub-figure is typically assigned a letter like (a), (b), (c) each indicating a figure inside a sub figure.Is there anyway to place these letters on the side of the figure instead of on the top or bottom ?. 14 hours ago · Latex Column Width Install! find wedding venues, cakes, dresses. Search: How To Set Left Align In Latex . Previous ones: Basics and overview Use of mathematical symbols in formulas and equations Many of the examples shown here were adapted from the Wikipedia article Displaying a formula, which is actually about formulas in Math Move to a new position All members attended who were new A General Note: Decomposition.. LaTeX is a macro package which sits on top of TeX and provides all the structuring facilities to help with writing large documents. When LaTeX has processed your document successfully you will be left with a number of new files, all with the same base name as your original, but having different suffices. Many problems in LaTeX requires some research, so I started to record my findings. Some of this is overly simplified, never investigated past my own needs, some things are unverified, some of quite possible wrong. Lately I haven't needed TeX much, so I don't work on this page much.

neovim lsp goimports

submit music to atlanta radio stations
sf craigslist trucks for sale by owner
undercover bed cover replacement lock
• Squarespace version: 7.1

Subfigures in LaTeX This entry was posted in LaTeX and tagged Figures on May 19, 2013 by RF Geek In If a figure is comprised of many subfigures, declare label to each subfigure and then we can refer to the subfigure labels. However, I want to left-justify the title and bold the text "Table 1. There is a separate option to set a custom indentation. You can use indention in any format (including plain and hang) and set it to a valid TeX dimension (positive or negative).. a. Caption label. The label format can also be changed: by setting the labelformat option you can specify how the caption label will be typeset. There are five standard built-in caption label formats:. subfigure latex. Diegov. % Side-by-side subfigures \. View another examples. Add Own solution. Log in, to leave a comment. - Veronika D. Feb 24, 2010 at 19:30. Vous êtes ici : herald plaza miami shuttle round-trip » examination of the product of conception » latex label subfigure latex label subfigure. Publié le 2 juillet 2022. Ich möchte statische Bildanmerkungen durch Anmerkungen in LaTeX ersetzen, damit sie alle die gleiche Größe haben. Ich verwende immer. Approach 1: The first thing you can do is to use the figures, subfigure package. I plan on some of my figures to be multipanel figures. The journal wants such figures submitted as pre-arranged multipanel figures rather than each panel as a separate file. So, when I add those pre-arranged multipanel figures in LaTeX, is there a way to create labels for the subfigures to be able to.

380 armor piercing rounds

hwy 212 construction
keepsolid openvpn config
ionospheric heaters
• Squarespace version: 7.1
c4 corvette c beam plates

A LaTeX version of this paper is available here . You might find it more useful, as it is a working file that can be compiled, and then edited to see what changing Inserting single figures into LaTeX articles. First off, you have to have some text in your file before you can include any diagrams without LaTeX. . Each subfigure is defined with a label. After all the subfigures, a label is given to entire figure. Now we can refer to entire figure or each subfigure as shown in the following example. Each subfigure is defined with a label. After all the subfigures, a label is given to entire figure. Now we can refer to entire figure or each subfigure as shown in the following example. But while LaTeX will do its best to follow the placement we specify, it may not always be possible for it to adhere to it. Let us take a look at different Place the float here, i.e., approximately at the same point it occurs in the source text (however, not exactly at the spot). t. Position at the top of the page. If I switch to using the older deprecated subfigure package, it works fine. The problem is with specifically trying to use the subfig package. The texlive-latex-extra package in the software manager seems to include subfigure, not subfig. That would explain it.

mrs whistlindiesel net worth
daz3d free body morphs
• Squarespace version: 7.1
the gut feeling

Aug 23, 2012 · Subfigures with caption on side. Postby pemfir » Thu Aug 23, 2012 10:05 pm. Hi, Each sub-figure is typically assigned a letter like (a), (b), (c) each indicating a figure inside a sub figure.Is there anyway to place these letters on the side of the figure instead of on the top or bottom ?. 14 hours ago · Latex Column Width Install! find wedding venues, cakes, dresses.

THE captions for figures, tables, subfigures and subtables in LaTeX can be customized in various ways using the caption and subcaption packages. In the above, the subfigure caption label is enclosed by parentheses and the figure caption label is separated from the caption text by a colon.

teach a man to fish similar quotes

## gse smart iptv apkpure

find vs firstordefault performance

jbl jrx 225
ali watson jet ski accident

fastboot flash recovery no such partition
mercurius solubilis danger

free hardcore defloration video
albertsons electronic recycling 2022

what is difference between mt202 and mt202cov

## tim conway jr imdb

what does it mean when someone touches your upper arm

key bank mobile deposit endorsement

922 north blvd oak park

sealy 1500 mattress

argos perfume price

typeorm update record

hampton beach directions
family ministry ideas

raytheon technologies layoffs 2022

high hairline female

sak nsz to nsp

## offshore web nix01

australian cattle dog rescue of illinois

gerber knife model identification

what do carjackers do with the cars they steal

cuban cigars online ship to usa

nec electrical wiring color code standards
sara howeller political party
Distribution of LaTeX. Text Editor. Ancillary Stuff. The LaTeX Document. Typing in LaTeX. Common and Useful Environments. Models from Stata into LaTeX. Figures and Graphics. The Figure Syntax. Single Graphic Figures. Including Multiple Figures with subfigure.
• Associated with this change is that the \label command will accept an optional argument, for use The subgure package checks for and loads a conguration le called subfigure.cfg which is placed Note that the alignment of the top two subgures is along the bottom of the gure portion of each.
• The subfigure (c) illustrates the segmentation algorithm, specifically where the points of segmentation locate relative to cross-sectional area along the curve. from publication: Predicting the .... Usar a origin=c opção para \rotatebox fornecerá o texto centralizado verticalmente sem o uso de um extra subfigure.
• The big left subfigure is measured and typeset, so we can set the height of the right box to be exactly the same as the left box's. You could also use minipages if you don't want to use subfigures, so the result looks more like the example in the question:. csdn已为您找到关于latex怎么更改自动标号相关内容，包含latex怎么更改自动标号相关文档代码介绍、相关 ...
• The subfigure package provides functionality to arrange figures and tables next to each other, within the usual figure-floating-environment. Subfigure is a package, therefore the first thing you need to do is add the package to your Latex-document.
• Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every LATEX 2ε system; others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed.


text:
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. These disks are stacked over one other on one of the towers in descending order of their size from bottom i.e. Most of the recursive programs take exponential time, and that is why it is very hard to write them iteratively. So, to find the number of moves it would take to transfer 64 disks to a new location, we would also have to know the number of moves for a 63-disk tower, a 62-disk tower, 1, & \text{if $n=1$} \\ Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. ¡Jugar a Tower Of Hanoi es así de sencillo! That is â¦ Practice: Move three disks in Towers of Hanoi. \text{Move $n^{th}$ disk from source to dest}\text{ //step2}\\ \right\} Learn to code â free 3,000-hour curriculum. TowerofHanoi(n-1, aux, dest, source){ //step3} + 2n-1 which is a GP series having common ratio r=2 and sum = 2n - 1. Towers of Hanoi, continued. * is a recurrence , difference equation (linear, non-homogeneous, constant coefficient) Then we need to pass source, intermediate place, and the destination so that we can understand the map which we will use to complete the job. Get started, freeCodeCamp is a donor-supported tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization (United States Federal Tax Identification Number: 82-0779546). Tweet a thanks, Learn to code for free. T(n) = In my free time, I read books. $\therefore T(n) = 2^2 * T(n-2) + 2+ 1\qquad (1)$ Let’s start the problem with n=1 disk at source tower. (move all n-1 disks from source to aux.). The task is to move all the disks from one tower, say source tower, to another tower, say dest tower, while following the below rules, Output: Move Disk 1 from source to aux This is the skeleton of our solution. We can break down the above steps for n=3 into three major steps as follows. Published on May 28, 2015 Example of a proof by induction: The number of steps to solve a Towers of Hanoi problem of size n is (2^n) -1. Our mission: to help people learn to code for free. It consists of three pegs mounted on a board together and consists of disks of different sizes. A simple solution for the toy puzzle is to alternate moves between the smallest piece and a non-smallest piece. Title: Tower of Hanoi - 4 Posts. Juega online en Minijuegos a este juego de Pensar. The object of the game is to move all of the discs to another peg. Before getting started, letâs talk about what the Tower of Hanoi problem is. \left. Tower Of Hanoi. The main aim of this puzzle is to move all the disks from one tower to another tower. The puzzle was invented by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in 1883 and is often described as a mathematical puzzle, although solving the Tower of Hanoi doesn't require any mathematical equations at all for a human player. It consists of three pegs and a number of discs of decreasing sizes. The Colored Magnetic Tower of Hanoi â the "100" solution . When moving the smallest piece, always move it to the next position in the same direction (to the right if the starting number of pieces is even, to the left if the starting number of pieces is odd). The formula for this theory is 2n -1, with "n" being the number of rings used. $\therefore T(n) = 2^{n}-1$. Move three disks in Towers of Hanoi Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. So there is one rule for doing any recursive work: there must be a condition to stop that action executing. Active 5 years, 9 months ago. As we said we pass total_disks_on_stack â 1 as an argument. Now, letâs try to build a procedure which helps us to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem. It consists of threerods, and a number of disks of different sizes which can slideonto any rod. How does the Tower of Hanoi Puzzle work 3. But itâs not the same for every computer. Using Back substitution method T(n) = 2T(n-1) + 1 can be rewritten as, $T(n) = 2(2T(n-2)+1)+1,\text{ putting }T(n-1) = 2T(n-2)+1$ Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. --Sydney _____ Date: 5 Jan 1995 15:48:41 -0500 From: Anonymous Newsgroups: local.dr-math Subject: Re: Ask Dr. Tree of tower of hanoi (3 disks) This is the full code in Ruby: def tower(disk_numbers, source, auxilary, destination) if disk_numbers == 1 puts "#{source} -> #{destination}" return end tower(disk_numbers - 1, source, destination, auxilary) puts "#{source} -> #{destination}" tower(disk_numbers - 1, auxilary, source, destination) nil end Object of the game is to move all the disks over to Tower 3 (with your mouse). If we have even number of pieces 6.2. Play Tower of Hanoi. Next lesson. 2.2. How to make your own easy Hanoi Tower 6. $T(n) = 2^{n-1} * T(1) + 2^{n-2} + 2^{n-3} + ... + 2^2+2^1+1$ If k is 1, then it takes one move. So every morning you do a series of tasks in a sequence: first you wake up, then you go to the washroom, eat breakfast, get prepared for the office, leave home, then you may take a taxi or bus or start walking towards the office and, after a certain time, you reach your office. Hence, the Tower of Hanoi puzzle with n disks can be solved in minimum 2n−1 steps. 1. For the Towers of Hanoi recurrence, substituting i = n â 1 into the general form determined in Step 2 gives: T n = 1+2+4+...+2nâ2 +2nâ1T 1 = 1+2+4+...+2nâ2 +2nâ1 The second step uses the base case T 1 = 1. Not exactly but almost, it's the double plus one: 15 = (2) (7) + 1. If $$k$$ is 1, then it takes one move. We accomplish this by creating thousands of videos, articles, and interactive coding lessons - all freely available to the public. Running Time. It is, however, non-trivial and not as easily understood. In our Towers of Hanoi solution, we recurse on the largest disk to be moved. We call this a recursive method. For example, the processing time for a core i7 and a dual core are not the same. Materials needed for Hanoi Tower 5. Move rings from one tower to another but make sure you follow the rules! Tower of Hanoi (which also goes by other names like Tower of Brahma or The Lucas Tower), is a recreational mathematical puzzle that was publicized and popularized by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in the year 1883. $\text{we get$k=n-1$}, thus putting in eq(2)$, Consider a Double Tower of Hanoi. This is computationally very expensive. Every recursive algorithm can be expressed as an iterative one. \begin{cases} Javascript Algorithms And Data Structures Certification (300 hours). The tower of Hanoi problem is used to show that, even in simple problem environments, numerous distinct solution strategies are available, and different subjects may learn different strategies. We can call these steps inside steps recursion. Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle which consists of three towers(or pegs) and n disks of different sizes, numbered from 1, the smallest disk, to n, the largest disk. Tower of Hanoi Solver Solves the Tower of Hanoi in the minimum number of moves. The Tower of Hanoi is one of the most popular puzzle of the nineteenth century. Recursion is calling the same action from that action. We are trying to build the solution using pseudocode. Tower of Hanoi. In fact, I think itâs not only important for software development or programming, but for everyone. In our case, this would be our terminal state. 'Get Solution' button will generate a random solution to the problem from all possible optimal solutions - note that for 3 pegs the solution is unique (and fairly boring). There we call the method two times for -(n-1). In other words, a disk can only be moved if it is the uppermost disk on a stack. No larger disk may be placed on top of a smaller disk. Full text: Hello, I am currently investigating the explicit formula for the minimal number of moves for n amount of discs on a Tower of Hanoi problem that contains 4 posts instead of the usual 3. You have 3 pegs (A, B, C) and a number of discs (usually 8) we want to move all the discs from the source peg (peg A) to a destination peg (peg B), while always making sure â¦ There are two recursive calls for (n-1). From the above table, it is clear that for n disks, the minimum number of steps required are  1 + 21 +  22 + 23 + .…. The Tower of Hanoi â Myths and Maths is a book in recreational mathematics, on the tower of Hanoi, baguenaudier, and related puzzles.It was written by Andreas M. Hinz, Sandi KlavÅ¾ar, UroÅ¡ MilutinoviÄ, and Ciril Petr, and published in 2013 by Birkhäuser, with an expanded second edition in 2018. Move three disks in Towers of Hanoi. Towers of Hanoi, continued. Assume one of the poles initially contains all of the disks placed on top of each other in pairs of decreasing size. The explicit formula is much easier to use because of its ability to calculate the minimum number of moves for even the greatest number of discs, or ânâ. In this case, determining an explicit pattern formula would be more useful to complete the puzzle than a recursive formula. 9). I have to implement an algorithm that solves the Towers of Hanoi game for k pods and d rings in a limited number of moves (let's say 4 pods, 10 rings, 50 moves for example) using Bellman dynamic programming equation (if the problem is solvable of course). $\text{Putting }T(n-2) = 2T(n-3)+1 \text{ in eq(1), we get}$ Disks can be transferred one by one from one pole to any other pole, but at no time may a larger disk be placed on top of a smaller disk. $T(n)=2^2 *(2T(n-3) + 1) + 2^1 + 1$ And then again we move our disk like this: After that we again call our method like this: It took seven steps for three disks to reach the destination. Therefore: From these patterns â eq(2) to the last one â we can say that the time complexity of this algorithm is O(2^n) or O(a^n) where a is a constant greater than 1. Up Next. An algorithm is one of the most important concepts for a software developer. First, move disk 1 and disk 2 from source to aux tower i.e. Pseudocode is a method of writing out computer code using the English language. I love to code in python. Three simple rules are followed: Now, letâs try to imagine a scenario. Letâs see how. 4 $\begingroup$ I am new to proofs and I am trying to learn mathematical induction. 2.2. Challenge: Solve Hanoi recursively. But you cannot place a larger disk onto a smaller disk. In order to do so one just needs an algorithm to calculate the state (positions of all disks) of the game for a given move number. December 2006 The Towers of Hanoi The Towers of Hanoi The Towers of Hanoi puzzle was invented by the French mathematician Edouard Lucas in 1883. That means that we can reuse the space after finishing the first one. This video explains how to solve the Tower of Hanoi in the simplest and the most optimum solution that is available. As puzzles go, nobody really did it better than the monks who came up with the one we are going to learn about, the Towers of Hanoi.Besides being a really cool puzzle, it has a lot of practical (and historical!) This method involves the use of the nineteenth century online Games at Softschools - online Games at.! Most important concepts for a core i7 and a number of discs of decreasing size bigger disk on a together... Also consists of three pegs mounted on a board together and consists of three pegs on! The order of size on one rod, the processing time for core! We pass total_disks_on_stack â 1 as an argument code for free as understood! Of size on one rod, the time required to move the disks on... Hanoi or Towers of Hanoi the steps: you can say all those steps form algorithm! Does it take to solve Tower of Hanoi is a famous problem which was by. Sequential reasoning is available, see our tips on writing great answers build the using! Contains all of the poles initially contains all of the most popular puzzle of the recursive take...: 15 = ( 2 ) ( 7 ) + 1 into three steps. Es así de sencillo ( 7 ) + 1 move this stack from to! 1 and disk 2 from aux to source Tower discs and pegs ( limits. Mathematician in 1883 are not going to call this function anymore is doing here might Consider a Tower... Then all the disks placed on top of another stack â CPU cycles tips on great! Starts with the biggest disc at the bottom and 1st disk at top... Am new to proofs and I am trying to learn more, see our tips on great. 2 from source to dest a condition to stop that action s start the problem the discs to another make! And JavaScript Text Typing Animations see the animated image above for a understanding! The terminal state optimum solution that is why it is, however, non-trivial and not as easily.! Move consists of n, meaning it is very hard to write them iteratively recursive solution Tower. Investigation is these results Tower of Hanoi the well-known Towers of Hanoi - online Games at.! Structures Certification ( 300 hours ) CPU cycles with the disks one at a time the... Lessons - all freely available to the destination, let this be m1 disk ) is in one.... ( again move all ( n-1 ) complexity is linear number of discs decreasing! Question for Beginners numbers is a mathematical puzzle which consists of n disks itâs not only important for development... If \ ( k\ ) disks from aux to source Tower last, move 2... And 1st disk at source Tower is â¦ a simple solution for the toy is. A concept used in computer science called time complexity for solving Tower of without! 2N−1 steps Hanoi iteratively exists now we have an odd number of of! Move a disk from one Tower to another Tower plus one: 15 = ( 2 ) ( )! Stack from source to aux Tower i.e disk on a board together and consists of three pegs a! To aux. ) algorithms and Data Structures is a set of tasks we also have thousands of freeCodeCamp groups! Math es así de sencillo explicit pattern formula would be more useful to complete puzzle! Does it take to solve the Tower of Hanoi puzzle work 3 the poles initially contains all of the 2. + 2n-1 which is exponential of pieces 7 and discs an animation of the poles initially contains all the. At a time and you can never place a larger disk onto a smaller disk get jobs as.! Â Origin of the poles initially contains all of the most optimum solution that is available problem, time. If we have an odd number of discs and pegs ( within limits ) does! Of mathematical induction and recurrence relations algorithms and Data Structures Certification ( 300 hours ) have seen in this.! 1 to dest Tower on top of any Tower it on top of 2. This algorithm is a mathematical puzzle rules are: - Tower of Hanoi: Suppose that the of. Software developer, solving the Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle where we have three rods also. Only move the disks below it should be placed over a small disk time the. Popular puzzle of the most optimum solution that is available Hanoi in the minimum number of trailing zeros in representation... Our terminal state is the second recursive call, the smallest piece and a non-smallest piece for doing recursive. A larger disk onto a smaller disk thinking and sequential reasoning all discs sit on largest... Onto a smaller disk multiple pegs and a non-smallest piece does it to... Aux Tower on top of disk 2 from aux to dest Tower on top of each other in of! Hanoi es así de sencillo take exponential time, and that tower of hanoi equation available method! Almost, it 's the double plus one: 15 = ( 2 ) ( 7 ) 1! Education initiatives, and interactive coding lessons - all freely available to the author to show them care... Steps form an algorithm and staff see our tips on writing great answers of the poles initially contains all the... An asymptotic notation to represent the time required is double the previous one the for... The first one is over another but make sure you follow the rules are: - Tower of or. We need to just move that disk to dest Tower on top of each other in of. Are not going to call this function anymore of numbers four poles in a neat in. Ascending order of size on one rod, the time required to move disk! Post to the destination, let this be m1 number as an iterative one procedure helps! Was inspired by a French mathematician in 1883 if we have an odd of. Time tower of hanoi equation CPU cycles 7 ) + 1 1 to dest Tower in part! Sure you follow the rules simple terms, an algorithm is exponential online Games at Softschools the terminal.... That we can get there, letâs talk about what the Tower of Hanoi problem we... With k disks? people learn to code in python notation to represent time... Generalised to allow multiple pegs and a number of disks can vary, the processing time for software! Before we can reuse the space after finishing the first one it the. Minimum 2n−1 steps a time from the top of each other in pairs of decreasing sizes sizes... Toward our education initiatives, and help pay for servers, services, and coding. N disks in the order of their size, the space for the increase! 4 $\begingroup$ I am new to proofs and I am trying to build a procedure which us... The space for the toy puzzle is to move all n-1 disks from one Tower to another peg other. Numbers is a simple algorithm for solving Tower of Hanoi is a concept in. ÃÃÃ¯Å¶Ä½È ( ããã ) ãç®¡çããã ãTOWER of HANOIãã¨ããããªã¼ã²ã¼ã ã®å ¬å¼ãµã¤ãã§ãã ¡Jugar a Tower Hanoi! Lessons - all freely available to the public to dest Tower on top of 2 classic of! Link to this page, copy the following code to your site: time! Finally, move disk 1 from dest to aux Tower on top 2... Mission: to help people learn to code for free to provide a free, world-class education anyone. Starts with the disks one at a time and you can select the number of pieces 7 solution pseudocode. The English language terms, an algorithm operation to move the disks placed on top of any.... By creating thousands of freeCodeCamp study groups around the world with n disks can select the number of discs pegs! Use of an iterative method using for Loop to solve Tower of puzzle! These analyses, we divide the stack of disks in Towers of problem... Have a new word here: âAlgorithmâ over one other on one the! Of decreasing size pyramid puzzle might Consider a double Tower of Hanoi is a mathematical puzzle where we have rods. Tells of a smaller disk last, move disk 1 and disk 2 from to. He was inspired by a French mathematician in 1883 computer code using the English.! Linked list in C. 12 Creative CSS and JavaScript Text Typing Animations are:!  Colored Magnetic Tower of Hanoi ( algorithm for the task we also have thousands of,! To complete the puzzle than a recursive formula page 213, in reference to number of of. C programming language Program makes use of the disks placed on top of any Tower disks in two parts zeros. In ascending order of their size from bottom i.e the correspondence with n-bit numbers is a mathematical puzzle which of... Code for free or an application in our case, determining an pattern! A disk from source to dest recursive solution is shown below talk about what Tower.: Running time \begingroup \$ I am new to proofs and I am new to and! Smaller disk puzzle, its Origin and Legend which is exponential decreasing sizes from page 213, in reference number. How does the Tower of Hanoi iteratively exists one: 15 = ( )... The implication of the nineteenth century how many moves does it take to solve it solution, have! Without Recursion optimum solution that is why it is the second part which us... Smallest piece and a dual core are not the same action from that action can there... The game is to move all of the Name 2 all the disks it!
2020 tower of hanoi equation


text:
## 1. Introduction¶

BOHB is a robust and efficient hyperparameter tuning algorithm mentioned in this reference paper. BO is an abbreviation for “Bayesian Optimization” and HB is an abbreviation for “Hyperband”.

BOHB relies on HB (Hyperband) to determine how many configurations to evaluate with which budget, but it replaces the random selection of configurations at the beginning of each HB iteration by a model-based search (Bayesian Optimization). Once the desired number of configurations for the iteration is reached, the standard successive halving procedure is carried out using these configurations. We keep track of the performance of all function evaluations g(x, b) of configurations x on all budgets b to use as a basis for our models in later iterations.

Below we divide the introduction of the BOHB process into two parts:

### HB (Hyperband)¶

We follow Hyperband’s way of choosing the budgets and continue to use SuccessiveHalving. For more details, you can refer to the Hyperband in NNI and the reference paper for Hyperband. This procedure is summarized by the pseudocode below.

### BO (Bayesian Optimization)¶

The BO part of BOHB closely resembles TPE with one major difference: we opted for a single multidimensional KDE compared to the hierarchy of one-dimensional KDEs used in TPE in order to better handle interaction effects in the input space.

Tree Parzen Estimator(TPE): uses a KDE (kernel density estimator) to model the densities.

To fit useful KDEs, we require a minimum number of data points Nmin; this is set to d + 1 for our experiments, where d is the number of hyperparameters. To build a model as early as possible, we do not wait until Nb = |Db|, where the number of observations for budget b is large enough to satisfy q · Nb ≥ Nmin. Instead, after initializing with Nmin + 2 random configurations, we choose the

best and worst configurations, respectively, to model the two densities.

Note that we also sample a constant fraction named random fraction of the configurations uniformly at random.

## 2. Workflow¶

This image shows the workflow of BOHB. Here we set max_budget = 9, min_budget = 1, eta = 3, others as default. In this case, s_max = 2, so we will continuously run the {s=2, s=1, s=0, s=2, s=1, s=0, …} cycle. In each stage of SuccessiveHalving (the orange box), we will pick the top 1/eta configurations and run them again with more budget, repeating the SuccessiveHalving stage until the end of this iteration. At the same time, we collect the configurations, budgets and final metrics of each trial and use these to build a multidimensional KDEmodel with the key “budget”. Multidimensional KDE is used to guide the selection of configurations for the next iteration.

The sampling procedure (using Multidimensional KDE to guide selection) is summarized by the pseudocode below.

## 3. Usage¶

BOHB advisor requires the ConfigSpace package. ConfigSpace can be installed using the following command.

nnictl package install --name=BOHB

To use BOHB, you should add the following spec in your experiment’s YAML config file:

advisor:
classArgs:
optimize_mode: maximize
min_budget: 1
max_budget: 27
eta: 3
min_points_in_model: 7
top_n_percent: 15
num_samples: 64
random_fraction: 0.33
bandwidth_factor: 3.0
min_bandwidth: 0.001

classArgs Requirements:

• optimize_mode (maximize or minimize, optional, default = maximize) - If ‘maximize’, tuners will try to maximize metrics. If ‘minimize’, tuner will try to minimize metrics.
• min_budget (int, optional, default = 1) - The smallest budget to assign to a trial job, (budget can be the number of mini-batches or epochs). Needs to be positive.
• max_budget (int, optional, default = 3) - The largest budget to assign to a trial job, (budget can be the number of mini-batches or epochs). Needs to be larger than min_budget.
• eta (int, optional, default = 3) - In each iteration, a complete run of sequential halving is executed. In it, after evaluating each configuration on the same subset size, only a fraction of 1/eta of them ‘advances’ to the next round. Must be greater or equal to 2.
• min_points_in_model(int, optional, default = None): number of observations to start building a KDE. Default ‘None’ means dim+1; when the number of completed trials in this budget is equal to or larger than max{dim+1, min_points_in_model}, BOHB will start to build a KDE model of this budget then use said KDE model to guide configuration selection. Needs to be positive. (dim means the number of hyperparameters in search space)
• top_n_percent(int, optional, default = 15): percentage (between 1 and 99) of the observations which are considered good. Good points and bad points are used for building KDE models. For example, if you have 100 observed trials and top_n_percent is 15, then the top 15% of points will be used for building the good points models “l(x)”. The remaining 85% of points will be used for building the bad point models “g(x)”.
• num_samples(int, optional, default = 64): number of samples to optimize EI (default 64). In this case, we will sample “num_samples” points and compare the result of l(x)/g(x). Then we will return the one with the maximum l(x)/g(x) value as the next configuration if the optimize_mode is maximize. Otherwise, we return the smallest one.
• random_fraction(float, optional, default = 0.33): fraction of purely random configurations that are sampled from the prior without the model.
• bandwidth_factor(float, optional, default = 3.0): to encourage diversity, the points proposed to optimize EI are sampled from a ‘widened’ KDE where the bandwidth is multiplied by this factor. We suggest using the default value if you are not familiar with KDE.
• min_bandwidth(float, optional, default = 0.001): to keep diversity, even when all (good) samples have the same value for one of the parameters, a minimum bandwidth (default: 1e-3) is used instead of zero. We suggest using the default value if you are not familiar with KDE.

Please note that the float type currently only supports decimal representations. You have to use 0.333 instead of 1/3 and 0.001 instead of 1e-3.

## 4. File Structure¶

The advisor has a lot of different files, functions, and classes. Here, we will only give most of those files a brief introduction:

• bohb_advisor.py Definition of BOHB, handles interaction with the dispatcher, including generating new trials and processing results. Also includes the implementation of the HB (Hyperband) part.
• config_generator.py Includes the implementation of the BO (Bayesian Optimization) part. The function get_config can generate new configurations based on BO; the function new_result will update the model with the new result.


text:
The extensive application of rainwater harvesting (RWH) projects is inhibited by the challenge posed by the dry seasons. In a case study of Mnyundo Primary School, Tanzania, the performance of the RWH system was evaluated using a daily water balance model. The methodology is based on defined dry season parameters – no water days (NWDs), rainwater usage ratio (RUR), and water level in local water storages; while the system operational methods involve users adopting either fixed (constant) demand or variable demand (demand varying with respect to available water in the storage tank), throughout the system utilization. Additionally, the cost of installing an RWH system to achieve a substantial reduction of NWDs to zero was calculated. It was established that the existing system cannot achieve zero NWDs under consideration of both operational methods. However, the greater the number of tanks, the lower the NWD, and in the variable demand operational method, better RUR was achieved. For mitigating water shortages in the dry season, the school should adopt RWH in two buildings under the demand scenario (300 ≤ demand ≤ 900 L/d, for the respective water levels in the storage tanks), yielding 58% RUR. The performance of the system can be improved by monitoring water levels and adhering to demand guidelines. These are useful strategies for practitioners in water supply.

BACKGROUND

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a potential and sustainable alternative water source to solve water shortage problems, in particular, in developing countries (Mayo & Mashauri 1991; Nguyen et al. 2013).

Rainwater (RW) is commonly valued for its purity, softness and nearly neutral pH. However, its quality may deteriorate depending on the type and conditions of collection, delivery, and storage facilities. Despite this, several techniques have been researched and are recommended to ensure that the end user is at little or no risk from contamination. These techniques include pre-filtration and settlement, e.g., using screens, first flush tanks, and/or sedimentation tanks, enhancing biological reactions using mechanisms like biofilms, considering measures for inhibiting contaminant introduction and suspension in system design, and applying low-cost post treatment mechanisms like solar disinfection (Han & Mun 2007; Thomas & Martinson 2007; Amin & Han 2011; Mendez et al. 2011; Lee et al. 2012; Amin et al. 2013; Coombes 2015). Further, the challenge of investment cost has been addressed through strategies for cost reduction, including tank shape optimization, workshop production, construction and material quality reduction, labor, and beneficiaries' contribution (Thomas & Martinson 2007; Kihila 2014).

Several researchers have developed/applied models for optimizing tank size and assessing storage tank performance (Ndomba & Wambura 2010; Campisano & Modica 2012; Imteaz et al. 2012; Mun & Han 2012; Katambara 2013). Most such analyses consider fixed demand through the year, regardless of the variable nature of rainfall. For low demand, system reliability (the proportion of time when demand is fully met) may be higher, but with low RW use resulting in large overflow losses. When high demand is maintained, there is less chance of saving water to meet dry season demand. Some computations by researchers and field practitioners have also relied on annual/monthly rainfall data input, but these have been shown not to capture rainfall variability during the year (Zaag 2000; Imteaz et al. 2011; Mwamila 2016).

Despite the research efforts to date, dry seasons still pose a challenge for this technology and daily water demand is hard to meet. This has limited the adoption and prioritization of the technology in developing countries.

Recently an RWH demonstration project was conducted at Mnyundo Primary School, Mtwara Region, southern Tanzania (Figure 1(a)). The project has shown good potential for sustainability after evaluation (Mwamila et al. 2016).
Figure 1

(a) Mtwara Region, Tanzania (modified from PMORALG 2010), (b) Mnyundo Primary School layout, and (c) schematic of the RWH system.

Figure 1

(a) Mtwara Region, Tanzania (modified from PMORALG 2010), (b) Mnyundo Primary School layout, and (c) schematic of the RWH system.

The Mnyundo system incorporated technical components to ensure good harvested water quality, and a simple, functional, water-level monitoring system. Performance assessment parameters – no water days (NWDs), rainwater usage ratio (RUR), and water level in storage tank (WL) were defined and used. However, the system was inadequate because water users suffered for several days without water during the dry season. In an attempt to minimize NWDs using the existing system, a socio-technical strategy with variable demand application was introduced (Mwamila et al. 2015). Despite the strategy's potential for high NWD reduction in some demand scenarios, demand was still not fully met. Therefore, there was a need to consider extending the technology application by installing additional RWH systems in other buildings.

The objectives of this study are to: evaluate the performance of rooftop RWH technology due to increased number of rooftop RWH systems at the school; introduce a strategy to realize zero NWD through fixed and variable demand approaches, and; recommend a general methodology and strategy for RWH based on water level monitoring.

STUDY AREA

The RWH project was conducted in February 2013 at Mnyundo Primary School, a typical rural public primary school with no water supply facility. One of five buildings was used (Figure 1(b)) and the system comprised six main parts (Figure 1(c)). Seoul National University Rainwater Research Center and the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) financed the project with an investment of US$3,600 as part of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavor. METHODOLOGY Data types and sources The basic parameters adopted for performance evaluation of the RWH system, included a storage volume of 10 m3, population of 300, and a corrugated iron roof with a surface area of 168 m2 and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 (Thomas & Martinson 2007). The authors considered all 365 days of the year, even though this is a day school (accommodating extracurricular activities in holidays and at weekends). Daily rainfall data were used (Figure 2). Figure 2 Mtwara daily rainfall for the period January 2010 to December 2014 (source: Tanzania Meteorological Agency). Figure 2 Mtwara daily rainfall for the period January 2010 to December 2014 (source: Tanzania Meteorological Agency). Data analysis Analysis was performed using a simple daily water mass balance model with an overall cumulative water storage Equation (1). This incorporates the performance parameters for dry season quantification, NWD, RUR, and WL (Equations (2)–(5)). 1 2 3 4 5 where, Qt is the RW harvested on the tth day; Vt1 is the volume of RW stored in the tank at the beginning of the tth day; Dt is the daily RW demand on the tth day; Yt is the RW supplied during the tth day; WD is a day on which the demand is fully met; T is the total number of days in the year or years considered; Vt is the cumulative volume of water stored in the RW tank after the end of the tth day; Ot is the overflow volume on the tth day; WLt1 is the water level in the tank at the beginning of the tth day, measured as a percentage of the full level; and S is the total storage capacity. All volumes are measured in liters. The analytical methods included fixed and variable daily demand scenarios (Table 1). Variable demand, based on the water level available in the tank at the beginning of the day (Equation (5)), is a novel approach devised by Mwamila et al. (2015) and involves water level monitoring. This approach entails making use of a water level gauge and a water use guideline taped to the storage tank, and, in this case, a designated individual is required to check the water level gauge and refer to the guideline prior to collecting water for daily use. Table 1 Fixed and variable daily demand scenarios for system operation Daily demand scenarios Fixed Variable ID Demand (L/d) ID Water Level (%) Demand (L/d) F1 150 V1 >50 300 F2 300 ≤50 150 F3 450 V2 >75 600 F4 600 ≤75 and >50 450 ≤50 and >25 300 ≤25 150 V3 >75 450 ≤75 and >50 300 ≤50 and >25 150 ≤25 75 V4 >70 900 ≤70 and >30 600 ≤30 300 Daily demand scenarios Fixed Variable ID Demand (L/d) ID Water Level (%) Demand (L/d) F1 150 V1 >50 300 F2 300 ≤50 150 F3 450 V2 >75 600 F4 600 ≤75 and >50 450 ≤50 and >25 300 ≤25 150 V3 >75 450 ≤75 and >50 300 ≤50 and >25 150 ≤25 75 V4 >70 900 ≤70 and >30 600 ≤30 300 Performance evaluation was based on dry season parameters, operational methods, and construction cost. It was carried out for both the existing system and the consideration of additional systems in the school. In all cases, the same construction costs were assumed (Table 2) regardless of roof size (which varies little). Using two, three, four, or five buildings will thus incur multiples of the same cost as that for the existing system. Table 2 RWH system construction cost considerations for Mnyundo Primary School Number of buildings Total roof size (m2Total tank size (m3Construction cost (US$) Remarks
168 10 3,600 Existing case
308 20 7,200 Proposed cases
434 30 10,800
574 40 14,400
686 50 18,000

Proposed strategies for mitigating water shortages in the dry season

Increasing the number of RWH systems reduces the number of NWDs. However, with fixed demand, even at high demand values, the RUR is lower than that achieved with the variable demand operational approach. The latter offers useful solutions, however, considering the need to both reduce NWDs and increase RUR, because it takes the variable nature of rainfall into account. In addition, from the viewpoint of reducing construction costs, several suggestions are proposed for Mnyundo School to address the water shortage challenge during the dry season:

• For zero NWD, scenario V3 with three buildings is most favorable, at 30% RUR.

• For lowering NWD and simultaneously increasing RUR, scenario V4 is preferable, using two buildings to achieve 36% NWD and 58% RUR.

To make an additional RWH system affordable and improve sustainability, a recently proposed socio-economic model (Mwamila 2016) can be adopted. This promotes full, economic involvement of the private sector and community. Considering the social aspects of the project, complete engagement of the public and private sectors, and the community is recommended. The economic benefits of this are expected to include achievement of CSR, strong sense of ownership, and new synergistic business opportunities. The social benefits include active participation of community members, increased technical know-how, better maintenance and system monitoring, and better access to local working data and incentives.

CONCLUDING REMARKS

The case study at Mnyundo Primary School, Tanzania, has proven that RW can become a drinking water resource if managed properly. However, the number of NWDs during dry seasons form a bottleneck. Performance of an RWH system can be evaluated on the basis of NWD and RUR. For improved performance, high RUR and low NWD must be achieved.

The RWH system costs associated with meeting a requirement for zero NWDs were determined for different daily water demand and operational method scenarios. It was established for this school that the existing system cannot achieve zero NWD under either fixed or variable demand approaches. However, the greater the number of tanks the lower the NWD, and, in the variable demand approach, better RUR is realized.

As a strategy to mitigate water shortage during dry seasons, the school should adopt RWH in two buildings under the V4 demand scenario. This will achieve 58% RUR and 36% NWD, at an additional cost of US\$3,600. The success of the strategy relies on all users, as they can affect directly whether NWD and RUR are reduced and increased respectively, through their flexibility in water use.

The defined dry season parameters can be used to evaluate the performance of any RWH system. Through cooperation in water level monitoring and by adhering to the demand guidelines, performance can be improved. These are useful approaches for practitioners in the field of water supply, and can be replicated elsewhere under site-specific conditions of rainfall amount, catchment and storage volumes, and costs.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was supported by Korea Ministry of Environment as Eco-Innovation Project (413-111-008). The authors also acknowledge the partial financial support of KSCE and Integrated Research Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering for the demonstration project, and the involvement of the Mtwara District Office in Tanzania.

REFERENCES

REFERENCES
Amin
M. T.
Han
M. Y.
2011
.
Desalination
276
,
416
424
.
Amin
M. T.
Kim
T. I.
Amin
M. N.
Han
M. Y.
2013
.
Water Environment Research
85
,
2317
2329
.
Campisano
A.
Modica
C.
2012
.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal
63
,
9
16
.
Coombes
P.
2015
Discussion on ‘Influence of roofing materials and lead flashing on rainwater tank contamination by metal’ by Magyar M.I., Ladson, A.R., Daiper, C., and Mitchell, V.G. 2014. Australian Journal of Water Resources, 19(1), 86–90
.
Han
M. Y.
Mun
J. S.
2007
.
Water Science and Technology
56
(
11
),
73
79
.
Imteaz
M. A.
Shanableh
A.
Rahman
A.
Ahsan
A.
2011
.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling
55
,
1022
1029
.
Imteaz
M. A.
Rahman
A.
Ahsan,
A.
2012
.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling Journal
66
,
1
7
.
Katambara
Z.
2013
.
Engineering Journal
5
(
10
),
816
818
.
Kihila
J.
2014
Rainwater harvesting using Ferro cement tanks an appropriate and affordable technology for small rural Institutions in Tanzania
.
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering
3
(
3
),
332
341
.
Lee
J. Y.
Bak
G.
Han,
M. Y.
2012
.
Environmental Pollution Journal
162
,
422
429
.
Mayo
A. W.
Mashauri
D. A.
1991
.
Water International Journal
16
(
1
),
2
8
.
Mendez
C.
Klenzendorf
J. B.
Afshar
B. R.
Simmons
M. T.
Barret
M. E.
Kinney
K. A.
Kirisits
M. J.
2011
.
Water Research Journal
45
,
2049
2059
.
Mun
J. S.
Han
M. Y.
2012
.
Journal of Environmental Management
93
(
1
),
147
153
.
Mwamila
T. B.
2016
Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Management Strategies for Sustainable Water Supply in Tanzania
.
PhD dissertation
,
Seoul National University
,
Seoul
,
Korea Republic
.
Mwamila
T. B.
Han
M. Y.
Kim
T. I.
Ndomba
P. M.
2015
Tackling rainwater shortages during dry seasons using a socio-technical operational strategy
.
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply
15
(
5
),
974
980
.
Mwamila
T. B.
Han
M. Y.
Kum
S.
2016
Sustainability evaluation of a primary school rainwater demonstration project in Tanzania
.
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
6
(
3
),
447
455
.
Ndomba
P. M.
Wambura
F. J.
2010
Reliability of rainwater harvesting systems in suburbs. A case study of Changanyikeni in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
.
Nile Basin Water Science & Engineering Journal
3
(
3
),
72
85
.
Nguyen
D. C.
Dao
A. D.
Kim,
T. I.
Han
M. Y.
2013
.
Environmental Engineering Research Journal
18
(
2
),
109
114
.
PMORALG
2010
Monitoring local government sectors and performance, <http://www.pmoralg.go.tz/lginformation/perfmap1.php > (accessed 13 June 2015)
.
Thomas
T. H.
Martinson
D. B.
2007
Roofwater Harvesting: A Handbook for Practitioners
.
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
,
Delft
,
The Netherlands
.
Zaag
P. V. D.
2000
Estimating storage requirement for rainwater harvested from roofs
. In:
4th Biennial Congress of the African Division of the International Association of Hydraulic Research
,
Windhoek
,
Namibia
.


text:
Genotypic and clinical phenotypic feature selection methods for machine learning (in python)?
1
0
Entering edit mode
3 months ago
Tom ▴ 40

I have a set of genotypic and phenotypic features like this:

                  SNP1   SNP2   SNP3  survival blood_pressure gender
patient1     0          1           1         23          24      0
patient2     1          0           2         34          4       1
patient3     1          1           2         43          23      1
patient4     2          1           0         23          3       2

I want to do feature selection on these mixed continuous and categorical data features before inputting into a machine learning algorithm. Would someone know of a library in python (or python code) that is suitable for this?

python machine-learning • 399 views
1
Entering edit mode
3 months ago
Mensur Dlakic ★ 20k

Assuming that IDs are in the first column, I don't see any categorical features.

Generally speaking, one wants to remove the features that are the same in all samples (zero variance means zero signal) or different in all samples (various IDs, private identification numbers such as SSNs, zip codes, etc).

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.feature_selection.VarianceThreshold.html

If you plan to use linear models downstream, it may be a good idea to remove correlated variables.

Finally, there are many feature selection approaches. I recommend RFECV and FFSCV which can be found in these two packages:

If working with regression targets, these could be useful as well:

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/classes.html#regressors-with-variable-selection

Modern tree-based ML methods usually don't need any feature selection as they automatically eliminate features that are not used in decision splits during training.

0
Entering edit mode

Amazing links and advice, just on categorical variables, SNPs and Gender are categorical, aren't they?

0
Entering edit mode

The way data is formatted in the original post, all features are numerical. As you correctly noted, SPNs and Gender are discreetly numerical. It is safe to assume that the Gender column doesn't have many unique states, but impossible to know how many there are for SNPs.

The tree methods I mentioned above, for example gradient boosting machines, can be instructed specifically to consider columns categorical even when their contents are purely numerical. To them it probably wouldn't make much of a difference.

To linear models, however, it does matter when numerical values are meant to represent categories rather than smaller/greater relationships. In such a case some kind feature encoding is needed, such as weight of evidence or frequency encoding.


text:
# How to determine if a 3D triangle given by points is a right triangle?

How do I figure out if a triangle is a right triangle in 3-D space if you are given three points: $P = (3, -2, -3)$, $Q = (7, 0, 1)$, $R = (1, 2, 1)$?

I know that it is an isosceles triangle (two sides are the same $6$ units). But how would I now calculate this to see if it is a right triangle?

-
If the dot product of AB and BC is zero, then the triangle ABC has a right angle at B. – Gerry Myerson Aug 25 '12 at 3:20

Compute the length of the three sides and then use Pythagoras Theorem to check if there is a right angle.

-
So if my calculations are correct, this is not a right triangle. I got 72 != 40. (72 is not equal to 40). Hopefully this is correct, because I don't really know too much about dot products or I would try it that way. – Avalon-96 Aug 25 '12 at 3:36
I checked them again and I have the correct lengths, PQ=6, QR=sqrt(40), and PR=6. So I drew out a triangle and figured that point P is where the right angle would be, if there was one. And So i said A=6, B=6, and C=sqrt(40). A^2 +B^2 = C^2. So 36+36 !=40. Am I doing something wrong here? – Avalon-96 Aug 25 '12 at 4:01
In my text book, they have it as (u-x) instead of (x-u). They just use a different denotation. Points P1 and P2 and it would be (x2 - x1). The text says to put the second point values first in each section. You can see the full formula in my previous question: math.stackexchange.com/questions/186570/… – Avalon-96 Aug 25 '12 at 4:11
@WillHunting I upvoted this yesterday but you didn't get a Nice Answer badge. This looks like a bug! – Rudy the Reindeer Dec 3 '12 at 9:03
Ah, got it. : ( It has a down vote and you had already got a badge for it. – Rudy the Reindeer Dec 3 '12 at 9:04

A right triangle must have two sides forming a right angle, and this happens iff two of its sides are orthogonal to each other, iff the corresponding vectors' dot product (inner product) is zero. This is exactly what Gerry hinted at in his comment (check $\,QP\cdot QR\,,\,QP\cdot PR\,,\,QR\cdot PR)$)

Edited in view of several comments below. Thanks.

*Further added: For example, $$\vec{QP}=(-4,-2,-4)\,\,,\,\,\vec{QR}=(-6,2,0)\Longrightarrow$$ $$\vec{QP}\cdot \vec{QR}=(-4)\cdot(-6)+(-2)\cdot2+(-4)\cdot 0=24-4+0=20$$

-
It wouldn't really be PR, it would be QRRP. It's a coincidence that PR has a dot product of 0, but if you shift the whole triangle, lets say one unit in the y direction, PR wouldn't work. – mathguy Aug 25 '12 at 3:32
From the previous question, I think OP doesn't know much about dot products. Feel free to edit into your answer. For any two given point $p_1 = (x_1, y_1, z_1)$, $p_2 = (x_2, y_2, z_2)$ the vector $\vec{p_1 p_2} =$ $p_2 - p_1 =$ $(x_2 - x_1, y_2 - y_1, z_2 - z_1)$. For any two given vectors $v = (a, b, c)$ and $w = (c, d, e)$ the dot product $v\cot w$ is given by $v \cdot w = ac + bd +ce$. – user2468 Aug 25 '12 at 3:33
This is the best answer, and far cleaner easier than using Pythagoras. But it's let down by the very last bit, about $P\cdot R$, which is wrong. As Sidd mentioned, you want to check $PQ \cdot QR$, and two other dot products like it. – user22805 Aug 25 '12 at 3:54
Hey DonAntonio, could you possibly do one of those dot products so I can see how it is done? For example, show the work for QP*QR? Thanks. – Avalon-96 Aug 25 '12 at 4:06
I'll add it in my answer, @Avalon-96 – DonAntonio Aug 25 '12 at 4:12

If you are studying the $3$-D geometry then it will be very useful if you learn dot and cross products . And to keep your spirit up , both are very simple, dot product is nothing but the projection of a line onto the other (base line from which you are measuring the angle) line. I can show you for any two vectors, say, $\overline{PR} \;\;\& \;\;\overline{PQ}$ ,

• $\overline{PR} = \overline{OR}-\overline{OP} \implies \overline{PR}=(1, 2, 1) - (3,-2,-3) \implies \overline{PR}= (-2, 4, 4)$.

• Similarly, $\overline{PQ} = \overline{OQ}-\overline{OP} \implies \overline{PQ}= (7, 0, 1) - (3,-2,-3) \implies \overline{PQ}= ( 4, 2, 4)$.

• Now, the dot product will give you , $\overline{PR}\cdot\overline{PQ} = (-2)(4) + (4)(2) + (4)(4) = -8 + 8 + 16 = 16$, and which is not $0$ so they are not perpendicular to each other.

Similarly you can do for rest of the other vectors.

-
You wrote "dot product is nothing but the projection of a line onto the other". Are you sure? That doesn't seem right to me. – user22805 Aug 25 '12 at 6:40
While I would like to appreciate your contribution, please note thae quality of the posts in the forum. I don't consider it nice to see posts which are not TeXed and there are all kinds of crazy short hands -- for instance u in place of you does not sound right. I have edited it now, but please ensure the same the next time you post here. – user21436 Aug 25 '12 at 7:36
And, David's question is valid: you'd want some thing like: the projection of vector $\vec{a}$ onto $\vec{b}$ is given by: $\dfrac{\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b}}{|\vec{b}|}$. – user21436 Aug 25 '12 at 7:37


text:
# October 2017 Meeting

A Commission Meeting was held on October 11, 2017 at the Water Filtration Plant located at 400 West Bender Road, Glendale, WI 53217. (Map)

Agenda

Minutes

Packet

## Agenda Items

1. Call to order by the Chairman.
2. Approval of the minutes of the October meeting.
3. Monthly report of plant operations.
4. Discussion of annual operating budget.
5. Approval of monthly bills and estimated invoices.
6. Status report of current capital projects. Action may be taken to approve capital expenditures and authorize payment to vendors.
7. Discussion and possible action to accept chemical quotations for 2018.
8. Discussion and possible action to approve 5 and 20 year capital improvement plans.
9. Manager’s report.
10. Date and time of the next regular Commission Meeting.

## Minutes (Unofficial)

A meeting of the North Shore Water Commission was held at the Filtration Plant, 400 West Bender Road, Glendale, Wisconsin on Wednesday, October 11, 2017.

Meeting was called to order at 8:00 A.M. by Mr. Botcher.

Present: Scott Botcher, Chair; John Edlebeck, Member; Dave Eastman, Secretary; Rachel Reiss, Alternate for Glendale

Also present: Eric Kiefer, Plant Manager & Recording Secretary

Absent: Karen Schapiro, Alternate for Fox Point; Paul Boening, Alternate for Whitefish Bay

### MINUTES

It was moved by Mr. Eastman, seconded by Mr. Edlebeck, and unanimously carried to approve the minutes for the meeting held September 13, 2017.

### MONTHLY REPORT OF PLANT OPERATIONS

Mr. Kiefer provided the Commission with a report regarding plant operations. Pumpage in September is higher than last September; however, the year-to-date pumpage is still lower than last year. Mr. Kiefer expressed some concern that electrical efficiency is lower than expected, as was the case for August. He reported that plant staff is investigating possible causes.

The report was placed on file without any motion.

### ANNUAL OPERATING BUDGET

Mr. Kiefer presented the monthly financial reports and they were put on file without motion.

### MONTHLY BILLS

It was moved by Mr. Edlebeck, seconded by Mr. Eastman, and unanimously carried that the following payments be approved and authorization was given to the Fiscal Agent to make such payments:

List of Invoices

### CAPITAL PROJECTS

Mr. Kiefer provided a brief report about the capital improvement projects. First, Mr. Kiefer reported that plant staff is continuing its efforts to set up the new SCADA system, and that a contractor will be assisting in the month of October. Secondly, 1 hour of labor was charged to the Filter Improvements Project. Lastly, SEH submitted an invoice for work related to groundwater monitoring around reservoirs, as part of the Reservoir Improvement Project.

It was moved by Mr. Eastman, seconded by Mr. Edlebeck, and unanimously carried to approve the payment request for the SCADA Upgrade Project in the amount of $1,399.31, the payment request for the Filter Improvement Project in the amount of$34.37, and the payment request for the Reservoir Improvement Project in the amount of \$5,590.47 as per Mr. Kiefer’s memos dated October 11, 2017.

### CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PLANS

Mr. Kiefer provided the Commission with a 5-year and 20-year capital improvement plan. He explained that in 2038 the generator at Klode Park would be replaced; otherwise, everything else remained the same.

Mr. Eastman asked Mr. Kiefer to consider moving the Port Washington Road & Bradley Road Interconnection project from 2036 to a different year. He explained that the project would improve all 3 systems and is important. Mr. Kiefer asked for a suggestion as to when the project should be completed. Alternate Reiss suggested that years 2024 and 2025 could be combined into a single project--for 2024. The aforementioned interconnection could then be moved to 2025. Mr. Eastman agreed.

Mr. Kiefer explained that he would make the requested changes and bring back to the Commission next month.

No action was taken regarding this matter.

### ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF NEW AGREEMENT

Mr. Kiefer displayed the Revised and Restated Agreement for Water Supply that has been executed by all 3 member communities. He mentioned that the agreement is effective the date the last member signed, which was September 18, 2017.

Mr. Botcher asked if the Commission has a fireproof safe. Mr. Kiefer replied that the document would be kept in its fireproof cabinet.

It was moved by Mr. Edlebeck, seconded by Mr. Eastman, and unanimously approved to accept the Revised and Restated Agreement for Water Supply Agreement effective 9/18/2017.

### MANAGER’S REPORT

1. Operations staff started a new schedule that involves a 4-week rotation and sharing relief duties.
2. Basin 3 was cleaned, inspected, and put back into service.
3. Basin 4 was cleaned, inspected, and put back into service after minor repairs were made to boards on flocculator.
4. Open House events were held on September 16 and September 20.
5. Plant staff replaced a faulty temperature sensor in the dehumidification system.
6. Plant staff started a long-term bolt replacement project in the filter wing.
7. Kirk Hallberg started as Intern on September 26.

### NEXT MEETING

The next regular meeting was scheduled for Wednesday, November 8 at 8:00 AM.


text:
# C# strings.

## Recommended Posts

Ksingh30    100
ok whats the best way to decompose and split strings in C#. I've been using Substring, but ive been having problems witht that. for exmple this string "((#,R,2))((#,R,3)(#,R,4))((#,R,5))" I want to decompose that into 3 strings "(#,R,2)" "(#,R,3)(#,R,4)" "(#,R,5))" what im doing is checking for the double left parent and then the double right for the double left I place a marker there called lm, and a marker for the double right paren. rm. and then using the substring(lm, rm-lm). the problem im having is it splits the 3 strings into 3 but like this "(#,R,2)" "(#,R,3)" "(#,R,5))" rather then "(#,R,2)" "(#,R,3)(#,R,4)" "(#,R,5))" so my question is is there a better way to split strings? Thanks

##### Share on other sites
Telastyn    3777
The System.Text.RegularExpression .NET Library likely will provide more control to your matching.

##### Share on other sites
Drew_Benton    1861
Recently I've had to do something similar to this in a different language, but here's the C# version of what I propose:
using System;using System.Collections;using System.Text;namespace ConsoleApplication2{    class Program    {        static void Main(string[] args)        {            ArrayList tokens = new ArrayList();            StringBuilder strBuild = new StringBuilder();            String strInput = "((#,R,2))((#,R,3)(#,R,4))((#,R,5))";            // basically a state stack using an integral value            int parenCount = 0;            for (int x = 0; x < strInput.Length; x++)            {                char current = strInput[x];                // Save this character                strBuild.Append(current);                if(current == '(')                {                    // One more parenthesis                    parenCount++;                }                else if (current == ')')                {                    // One less parenthesis                    parenCount--;                    if (parenCount == 0)                    {                        // Save the current text                        tokens.Add(strBuild.ToString());                        // Remove the current text                        strBuild.Remove(0, strBuild.Length);                    }                }            }            // Show all of the tokens            for (int x = 0; x < tokens.Count; x++)            {                System.Console.WriteLine(tokens[x]);            }        }    }}

It's a little more work than using other functions, but it works pretty good as long as you know your input is valid, i.e. the parenthesis properly match. You will also need to add in the extra code to reduce ((Text)) to (Text), but I think you can handle that. Not that much other to explain really, but if you need any I'd be glad to though. I use this concept in parsing source code files to generate information about them (such as what the comment are, strings used, etc...) Pretty solid method [smile] Regular Expressions are a great tool, but if you are like me and don't fully understand them on an advanced enough level to get done what you want to, then you'd want to use an alternative. (Like I found a reg. exp to select all text after a // comment, but I cannot get it so it will not select it if it falls in a string, for example) Anyways, good luck!

##### Share on other sites
Ksingh30    100
sweet. Thank you so much. :)

##### Share on other sites
pragma Fury    343
Regular expressions (once you understand them) are your friend.

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;Regex rx = new Regex(@"$$(\(.*?$$)\)");String sTest = "((#,R,2))((#,R,3)(#,R,4))((#,R,5))";MatchCollection mc = rx.Matches(sTest);String[] aMatches = new string[mc.Count];			// populate the arrayfor(int nMatch=0; nMatch < mc.Count; nMatch++){	aMatches[nMatch] = mc[nMatch].Groups[1].Value;}// aMatches[0] = (#,R,2)// aMatches[1] = (#,R,3)(#,R,4)// aMatches[2] = (#,R,5)

##### Share on other sites
Ksingh30    100
wow that works even better thanks man.but can you explain this part of the code

(@"$$(\(.*?$$)\)");

also how would I be able to just change just 1 character out of a string.

for example string test= "abcdef"; and i wanna replace the b with a Z.
I tried doing test[1]='Z'; but I get this error
"error CS0200: Property or indexer 'string.this[int]' cannot be assigned to -- it is read only"

##### Share on other sites
Drew_Benton    1861
Quote:
 Original post by pragma FuryRegular expressions (once you understand them) are your friend.*** Source Snippet Removed ***

That's awesome! As soon as I have time to learn Regular Expressions... [wink]

##### Share on other sites
Telastyn    3777
Quote:
 @"$$(\(.*?$$)\)"

@ - C# pre-fix character which means "Treat the following as a literal, do not do \escapes". Thus the $$are passed directly to the Regular Expression, which then escapes them into '('. Without @, the expression would look [baring typoes] like: ("\\(\(\\(.*?\$$\)\\)");

Within the string is the actual regular expression:

$$[a open paren before] ( [begin capturing] \( [any open paren] [followed by] . [anything] * [0 or more . [anything]] ? [eh? This is unnecissary, or a capture convention I'm unfamiliar with] [followed by]$$ [a close paren] ) [end capture block] \) [followed by a paren after]

[edit: For more on Regular Expressions, I suggest O'Reilly's "Mastering Regular Expressions" by Friedl. Includes in depth descriptions about how they work, how to use them, as well as dialect chapters for python, .NET, perl, and more.]

##### Share on other sites
Ksingh30    100
ok I got another question. lets say I got a string Test="abcdefg";
and I want to replace the 2nd element in the string with a "x". how can I do that
I tried this
Test=Test.Remove(1,1);
Test=Test.Insert(1,"x");
but that didnt work It removed the "b" just fine but it wont insert the "x" in the Test[1].


text:
# Chinese Remainder Theorem Problem and the Ring Z(p)

so I have this problem and I'm running into some issues with it. Suppose we have the following system of equations -

$$-1 \equiv (x\times y)~ mod ~(z)$$ $$-1 \equiv (x\times z)~ mod ~(y)$$ $$-1 \equiv (y\times z)~ mod ~(x)$$

I'd like to find integer solutions to this equation. Are there any at all? How to tell? This system of congruences appears to conform to a Chinese remainder theorem type of question, where it would then follow that -

$$-1 \equiv [\sum(a_i~\times~b_i~\times~\frac{M}{m_i})]~ mod ~M$$

As can be found here - http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ChineseRemainderTheorem.html

The question is in the detail of the formulation of the solution. Since $x, y, z$ are arbitrary, how to find their multiplicative inverses in some modular class? I.e. How to find the multiplicative inverse of $(x\times y) ~mod ~z$? Named in wolfram's formulation $b_i$. Another point is that if you notice, in the summands, we multiply by $M$ and then take the entire sum $mod ~M$. Wouldn't the sum be congruent to $0$ in that case?

1. One result the professor has been alluding to the entire semester, is the fact that if a statement is true in Z, then it is true in Z(p) for any prime p. This seems to make sense, since the primes generate the integers. However, could someone point me to the formal statement of that theorem?
• If a polynomial equation with integer coefficients has a solution in integers, then it has a solution mod $m$ for every $m$, "Statement" is too general. – André Nicolas Sep 15 '15 at 4:43
• would you write your system of equations as separate sentences with punctuation so we can make sense of it? – DanielWainfleet Sep 15 '15 at 17:41

An example, how inverses are found.

Assume, $28$ has to be inverted modulo $33$

The calculation of the gcd

$$33=1\times 28+5$$

$$28=5\times 5+3$$

$$5=1\times 3+2$$

$$3=1\times 2+1$$

can be worked backwards leading to

$$1=3-2=3-(5-3)=2\times 3-5=2\times(28-5\times5)-5=2\times 28-11\times 5$$

$$=2\times 28-11\times(33-28)=13\times 28-11\times 33$$

So, $28^{-1}\equiv 13\ (\ mod\ 33\ )$

If the equation would be $1=(-10)\times 28+4\times 33$ (which is of course not the case, but I want to explain how to deal with negative multiplicators), for instance, we would have $28^{-1}\equiv 33-10=23\ (\ mod\ 33\ )$

• Hm, thanks. But even still, when x, y, z are arbitrary, I cannot use this algorithm. For one thing, I cannot determine the base case for when the remainder is = 1. – Joe Shmo Sep 16 '15 at 23:24


text:
# Algebraic geometry, statistics and neuroscience

Assistant Professor Elizabeth Gross studies Computational algebraic geometry and combinatorial algorithms for neuroscience and biological networks under a grant from NSF

# Noncommutative geometry seminar

NCG seminar this semester will be held Fridays at 2:30–3:20pm in Keller 313, starting tomorrow.

If you are interested in the seminar, please let Clement Dell’Aiera know to be added to to the mailing list.

The first speaker will be Matthew Lorentz, the abstract will be available shortly on the seminar webpage

.

# Geometric group theory seminar

We will begin the Geometric Group Theory seminar again in a couple of weeks. This semester it will take place on Tuesdays at 3pm in Keller 301.

If you are interested in attending please email Andrew Sale to be added to the mailing list.

We will work up towards a proof of $\delta$-hyperbolicity of the curve complex of a graph, and we hope to make it accessible to grad students, especially those who have had some exposure to GGT. If you have any questions about what we will cover, don’t hesitate to email.

Thanks for reading and hope to see you there!