text:
# 17-29-056

magnification ratio, <of a luminaire>

ratio of the maximum luminous intensity of the luminaire, generally a projector, to the mean spherical luminous intensity of its lamp

Note 1 to entry: In certain countries, the definition of the magnification ratio varies according to the types of luminaires or lamps.

Note 2 to entry: The magnification ratio has unit one.

Note 3 to entry: This entry was numbered 845-09-43 in IEC 60050-845:1987.

Note 4 to entry: This entry was numbered 17-748 in CIE S 017:2011.

Publication date: 2020-12


text:
# Is typesetting this difficult?

I am not going to name the journal, or the publisher, but I have just had a very frustrating experience.

I was fortunate enough to have a paper accepted recently and we got to the point where the journal asked me to submit the final set of files so that they could typeset the article.

The paper had quite a few tables in and the journal wanted the final submission to have the tables presented on separate pages, along with a list of the tables. Fortunately, using various latex packages it was not too difficult to do this, although not all Latex packages play nicely with each other and it does take some experimenting.

My frustration though, is what is the publisher going to do with these PDF pages, full of tables, when I also have to submit the source file (i.e. a tex file). Surely, they will construct the tables from the latex files, not use the PDF pages I have supplied?

Another thing they wanted was the text (just the text, not figures or tables) to be sent in single column, double spaced, when the paper (until now) had been two column, single spaced. Again, not that difficult to do with latex but why do they insist on it?

There were a few other things that they needed that, to me, seemed a little redundant.

I can understand that, sometimes, this level of detail might be necessary but surely if the document is written in latex then the publisher can (should) be typesetting the paper using the latex file? Asking for all this other stuff, to me, seems redundant. But then again I am not a typesetter, or a publisher, so maybe there is a good reason?

Anyhow, the important thing is that I have a journal paper accepted!

## 2 thoughts on “Is typesetting this difficult?”

1. Anal-retentive types with obsessive-compulsive disorder who lack the mathematical facility to be tax auditors swarm drawn to journal publishing.

Congratulations on the acceptance!

2. Thanks Paul (on the acceptance). Best not comment further on publishers 🙂

format: plain


text:
# A slab of material of dielectric constant K has the same area as the plates of a parallel plate capacitor but has thickness $\large\frac{1}{2}$$d$ , where $d$ is the separation between the plates.Find the expression for the capacitance when the slab is inserted between the plates.

$(B)\;\large\frac{V}{d}$


text:
Followers 0

Altering Compiled Scripts

46 posts in this topic

#1 ·  Posted (edited)

I AM NOT AN AUTOIT DEVELOPER

I DONT KNOW HOW AUTOIT WORKS

IT CAN BE UNSTABLE

IT CAN CRASH

I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANYTHING THAT HAPENS TO YOUR SCRIPT OR OTHER DATA

THIS IS FOR LEARNING PURPOSE ONLY

USE IT AT YOUR OWN RISK

There ... now for the people that still want to listen after i shouted at them

Well i had some fun and made binaries undecompilable by exe2aut.

HOW:

<Removed>

NOTES:

<Removed>

also you might need to change RegRead('HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\AutoIt v3\AutoIt', 'InstallDir')

i dont use a seperate beta and dont know where the beta autoit goes. (i remember something about \beta\)

PS.

If someone still has trouble with this code after that huge disclaimer

and "Dont click here" feel free to send me a pm and ill remove it.

<Removed>

 removed an U in Browse [/edit]

Edited by Valik

My UDF's:;mem stuff_Mem;ftp stuff_FTP ( OLD );inet stuff_INetGetSource ( OLD )_INetGetImage _INetBrowse ( Collection )_EncodeUrl_NetStat_Google;random stuff_iPixelSearch_DiceRoll

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#2 ·  Posted (edited)

Edit:

After some trial and error, no more decompile... very nice job w0uter! Hope this sticks around for a while... with this and EnCodeIt mixed ... would pi** most reverse engineers completely off

Edited by SmOke_N

[center]Common sense plays a role in the basics of understanding AutoIt... If you're lacking in that, do us all a favor, and step away from the computer.[/center]

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#3 ·  Posted (edited)

I changed them all to 0 in that first collum, then in the next one I used 30 then I repeated, and it worked! Thanks wouter!

Edited by Firestorm

[left][sub]We're trapped in the belly of this horrible machine.[/sub][sup]And the machine is bleeding to death...[/sup][sup][/sup][/left]

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#4 ·  Posted (edited)

Believe the line of thinking here was:

When you can identify the true "Script" section and the "Runtime" section its easier for the AV companies to detect Virusses written in AU3 without qualifying ALL AU3 scripts as a virus.

Edited by JdeB

Visit the SciTE4AutoIt3 Download page for the latest versions        Beta files                                                          Forum Rules

Live for the present,
Dream of the future,
Learn from the past.

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If you actually try to click on 'Don't click here', nothing happens.

Seriously, nice work!

-John

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#6 ·  Posted (edited)

This works well w0uter. I just had to be careful with what bytes i changed.

Edited by RazerM

My Programs:AInstall - Create a standalone installer for your programUnit Converter - Converts Length, Area, Volume, Weight, Temperature and Pressure to different unitsBinary Clock - Hours, minutes and seconds have 10 columns each to display timeAutoIt Editor - Code Editor with Syntax Highlighting.Laserix Editor & Player - Create, Edit and Play Laserix LevelsLyric Syncer - Create and use Synchronised Lyrics.Connect 4 - 2 Player Connect 4 Game (Local or Online!, Formatted Chat!!)MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, Tiger and Whirlpool Hash Finder - Dictionary and Brute Force FindCool Text Client - Create Rendered ImageMy UDF's:GUI Enhance - Enhance your GUIs visually.IDEA File Encryption - Encrypt and decrypt files easily! File Rename - Rename files easilyRC4 Text Encryption - Encrypt text using the RC4 AlgorithmPrime Number - Check if a number is primeString Remove - remove lots of strings at onceProgress Bar - made easySound UDF - Play, Pause, Resume, Seek and Stop.

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GUICtrlCreateButton('Browse', 263, 175, 59, 18)

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As always w0uter love your work!

JS

AutoIt Links

File-String Hash Plugin Updated! 04-02-2008 Plugins have been discontinued. I just found out.

ComputerGetInfo UDF's Updated! 11-23-2006

External Links

Vortex Revolutions Engineer / Inventor (Web, Desktop, and Mobile Applications, Hardware Gizmos, Consulting, and more)

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its really nice work, but what does this do, i dont get the point

My UDF's : Startet on : 06.06.2006_CaseSearchOrReplaceStr();~> Searches OR Replaces a String,;~> With or Without Casesensivity

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its really nice work, but what does this do, i dont get the point

It is for those that dont want someone to be able to decompile their script without some troubles. Just like using EnCodeIt.

Just an extra precaution. It wont "prevent" any of the malitious attempts, but it would slow the determined down and stop the kiddies.

JS

AutoIt Links

File-String Hash Plugin Updated! 04-02-2008 Plugins have been discontinued. I just found out.

ComputerGetInfo UDF's Updated! 11-23-2006

External Links

Vortex Revolutions Engineer / Inventor (Web, Desktop, and Mobile Applications, Hardware Gizmos, Consulting, and more)

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oh wow thats really nice !!! thx wouter

My UDF's : Startet on : 06.06.2006_CaseSearchOrReplaceStr();~> Searches OR Replaces a String,;~> With or Without Casesensivity

Respect!

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#13 ·  Posted (edited)

<Removed>

Edited by Valik

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#14 ·  Posted (edited)

Always fun to have another reverser here

This was only ment to stop decompiling for the masses.

Also this was the only method in my head for wich i could create a patcher.

I have other POC code laying around here. Ill post a sample for you later.

Edited by w0uter

My UDF's:;mem stuff_Mem;ftp stuff_FTP ( OLD );inet stuff_INetGetSource ( OLD )_INetGetImage _INetBrowse ( Collection )_EncodeUrl_NetStat_Google;random stuff_iPixelSearch_DiceRoll

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Always fun to have another reverser here

This was only ment to stop decompiling for the masses.

Why I can't ride of the feeling most ppl considering RE as some kinda 'Black Art' or 'computer heretic stuff' when I reading this.

Also this was the only method in my head for wich i could create a patcher.

I have other POC code laying around here. Ill post a sample for you later.

Yeh I felt that there's more potential.

Indeep this methode is really usefull to keep the noobs off or amaze them.

But in my eyes some other really nasty stuff is obfucation(as for ex. EncodeIt does). To me this can be more bitching than a 'nonstandard' AutoIT file.

Anyway there is nothing against putting those two together.

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Would it be possible to use EncodeIt, and then the script Wouter mentions in the first post, and then manually compress with UPX? But then use something similar to Wouter did, but do it to the UPX header so that it could not be decompressed by UPX?

I hope this makes sense. :-)

-John

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@jftuga

Using EnCodeIt is already possible with w0uter's script to modify the header.

What you are asking is possible if I am not mistaken. The question would be how rough it would be to get that accomplished.

IMHO,

JS

AutoIt Links

File-String Hash Plugin Updated! 04-02-2008 Plugins have been discontinued. I just found out.

ComputerGetInfo UDF's Updated! 11-23-2006

External Links

Vortex Revolutions Engineer / Inventor (Web, Desktop, and Mobile Applications, Hardware Gizmos, Consulting, and more)

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#19 ·  Posted (edited)

MZ

MZ^ Error

Error: Unable to parse line

Edited by WTS

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This topic is now closed to further replies.
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text:
##### Given:2 = 22 + cy' x = uv? + ws y = U + vewd2z Find when u = 1, U = 2, W = 0 dw764Preview
Given: 2 = 22 + cy' x = uv? + ws y = U + vew d2z Find when u = 1, U = 2, W = 0 dw 764 Preview...
##### Determine if the statement given is true or false. If it is false, change the underlined...
Determine if the statement given is true or false. If it is false, change the underlined word(s) so that the statement reads true. ___ Within a closed system, the amount of energy is variable over time. ___ A fire creates energy. ___ The second law of thermodynamics is concerned with entropy. ___ Ph...
##### 1 Wneutanosnn puu 1 1322/3 2 1 2
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##### Find general solution using variation of parameters y" - 2y' + y = e^x/(1 + x^2)
find general solution using variation of parameters y" - 2y' + y = e^x/(1 + x^2)...
##### The particular solution of the following .4 *A.VP is (abi; 2) y = ~2xy; y(0) = 1None f thesey = e 1In Iyl = -x + â‚¬y = e e-
The particular solution of the following .4 *A.VP is (abi; 2) y = ~2xy; y(0) = 1 None f these y = e 1 In Iyl = -x + â‚¬ y = e e-...
##### MECH 430[ ntennenate Acchanit of MatcrialsFall 2017Einal Examination Open note /book No collaboration)(15 Points) In face centeted cubic (FCC) mAtale plasticity generally thought UGlT by the motion of dislocation Wadeua| slip *ystems (shp plane and burger Vector The Burgers Tector 0/24110>_ which tepresents ~home- rcpc1l length Tstal The slip planes. {111} have the largest interplnar spacing Inose containing close packed directions. Howcvcr the Cise bcly â‚¬emterecl cub (BCC) metals, the slip
MECH 430[ ntennenate Acchanit of Matcrials Fall 2017 Einal Examination Open note /book No collaboration) (15 Points) In face centeted cubic (FCC) mAtale plasticity generally thought UGlT by the motion of dislocation Wadeua| slip *ystems (shp plane and burger Vector The Burgers Tector 0/24110>_ wh...
##### Problems 6-9 ue buxrd on the folloing chromalogrmsuosunccSand BRelention time (min)Thc Ictention fctor for substance B is126Cakulak the recolution of the !4u PeakTha spirtion lxclor:Mnc numocrplates for prak2IS0 1798 1344
Problems 6-9 ue buxrd on the folloing chromalogrm suosunccS and B Relention time (min) Thc Ictention fctor for substance B is 126 Cakulak the recolution of the !4u Peak Tha spirtion lxclor: Mnc numocr plates for prak 2IS0 1798 1344...
##### Please show work Consider the following Gibbs energies at 25 degree C. calculate delta G degree...
Please show work Consider the following Gibbs energies at 25 degree C. calculate delta G degree _rxn for the dissolution of AgCl(s). Calculate the solubility-product constant of AgCl. Calculate delta G degree_rxn for the dissolution of AgBr(s). Calculate the solubility-product constant of AgBr....
##### Graph the point (4,3)in spherical coordinates:Write the point (4,in rectangular coordinates_6 Wrlte the esr:(4,in exirticzl fvonxliatez
Graph the point (4, 3)in spherical coordinates: Write the point (4, in rectangular coordinates_ 6 Wrlte the esr:(4, in exirticzl fvonxliatez...
##### In Prob. 15.209 , determine the acceleration of collar $A$.
In Prob. 15.209 , determine the acceleration of collar $A$....
##### Which ofthe following is true about the inheritance of haemophilia and colour blindnessFatherson * F grand-sonFather - Fi daughter _+ Fa grand-son Mother Fa son ' Fa grand daughter Both A and B are conect
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##### 26. The nurse can prevent the transmission of hepatitis A by avoiding • a. Direct contact...
26. The nurse can prevent the transmission of hepatitis A by avoiding • a. Direct contact through fecal matter contaminated food or contaminated water . b. Contaminated blood transfusion • C. Sexual contact and contaminated needles . d. Droplet inhalation 20. The charge nurse is making ass...
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Q2: Draw the influence lines for the members HC and CD of the truss shown in Fig. (2), and then determine the maximum tensile force that can be developed in member HC due to moving uniform distributed load of 3k/ft. I need it in 30min or 1 h Н 18 B D с L 424-96 Fig. (2)...
##### 33. The dimension of the null-space of A =(A) 4 (B) 6 (0) (E) 3~234. The rank of the matrix A =is(A) 0 (B) {9) (E) 3
33. The dimension of the null-space of A = (A) 4 (B) 6 (0) (E) 3 ~2 34. The rank of the matrix A = is (A) 0 (B) {9) (E) 3...
##### Use the graph to determine a. the function's domain; b. the function's range, c. the x-intercepts,...
Use the graph to determine a. the function's domain; b. the function's range, c. the x-intercepts, if any, d. the y-intercept, if any, and e. the missing function value, indicated by the question mark, below. 4- f(1) = ? 10 a. The domain of the function is (Type your answer in interval notat...
##### Question 3 (1 point) Find the sum of the convergent series. You should note the value for n where the series begins.4(3) 798 29 19 3 83
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##### 2. Match each of the following cellular processes to the stage of meiosis in which it occurs. (Select all correct processes for each meiotic stage. Each cellular process may be used more than once:Choicetp Stage Iace letters crcCellular processespropnaseMicrotubules search for and atach Kinetochores at tne cenlromen ofeach chromosome mctaphase Microtubules trom both sides of the spindle tether cach chnanocomc unldmnni thet I0 he cenier of the celll unpnase Microtubules from both sides ofthe spin
2. Match each of the following cellular processes to the stage of meiosis in which it occurs. (Select all correct processes for each meiotic stage. Each cellular process may be used more than once: Choicetp Stage Iace letters crc Cellular processes propnase Microtubules search for and atach Kinetoch...
##### Question 2ipbWhich of the following procedures would vou use to investigate this question:Among graduates of Cal Poly's College of Business, is college GPA positively associated with starting salary?Simple linear regressinTwo-sample t test for comparing meansChi-square test ior LND-way {ablcsOne-sample [-test for J mean
Question 2 ipb Which of the following procedures would vou use to investigate this question: Among graduates of Cal Poly's College of Business, is college GPA positively associated with starting salary? Simple linear regressin Two-sample t test for comparing means Chi-square test ior LND-way {a...
##### Chemical reactioe.de function y-f(r) moels the amount of s Daring a substance present, in pana Al the start of the reaction (0),there are 10 grams of the substance peesenl. The function ) satis...
chemical reactioe.de function y-f(r) moels the amount of s Daring a substance present, in pana Al the start of the reaction (0),there are 10 grams of the substance peesenl. The function ) satisfies the differential equation el Use the line tangent to the graph of y-e) ar-oto approsimate the amount o...
##### Which This Provide your QUESTION UHI Content ullnbuuon reactant answer tiouid ooake 8 V make SINIOd below: have 0 grams 7.33 (8120) 9 body left 8 = when the 8 to the reaction of 0 following stops? You find- reaction: (Give the that 5.00 chemical formula ) 1 make 6.88 , 8 and hourContent attnbution
Which This Provide your QUESTION UHI Content ullnbuuon reactant answer tiouid ooake 8 V make SINIOd below: have 0 grams 7.33 (8120) 9 body left 8 = when the 8 to the reaction of 0 following stops? You find- reaction: (Give the that 5.00 chemical formula ) 1 make 6.88 , 8 and hour Content attnbution...


text:
# Bayes’ rule is full of shit

273 words

We all know the type who think Bayes’ rule is the key to rational thought. They are talking out of their ass. This short note intends to explain why I say that, but without any trite arguments and just focusing on the computer science. In short, because Bayes’ rule is an information-theoretic concept without computational content.

For one, conditional probability distributions are not computable. Of course you say, but no sane person would limit themselves to only computable endeavors? And moreover, that result only applies when there is no noise, i.e., the realm of spherical cows! Your objection is valid, but we have to observe this theoretical impossibility result for the sake of completeness.

The real issue occurs in real-world complexity classes. Random SAT/UNSAT is hard in the appropriate density range.1I have trouble finding a specific reference, but anyone working on SAT solvers will tell you this. So if I pick a random SAT instance from a probability distribution known to both of us, and I tell you the bits encoding the instance one by one, your Bayesian updates on the probability that my instance is true will be hard as well. Both in theory2This is a slightly stronger claim than just $\mathcal P = \mathcal{NP}$. If I recall correctly, ACM SIGACT News Volume 50 Issue 1 or 2 will tell you that everyone believes this hardness statement. and in practice. No matter how much computing power you have, I can easily sample SAT instances that make your Bayes’ rule calculations suffer.

This hardness carries over to everyday problems. Bayes’ rule is typically insufficient to tell you the answers you are looking for.


text:
# DistributionPackage R¶

Various popular distributions.

arcsineDistribution: R -> Distribution R if R has Algebra Fraction Integer
arcsineDistribution(a) produces the arcsine distribution of variance a.
bernoulliDistribution01: R -> Distribution R
bernoulliDistribution01(a) produces the distribution of a projection of trace a
freePoissonDistribution: R -> Distribution R
freePoissonDistribution(a) produces a free Poisson distribution of variance a.
gaussianDistribution: R -> Distribution R
gaussianDistribution(a) produces a gaussian distribution of variance a.
poissonDistribution: R -> Distribution R
poissonDistribution(a) produces a Poisson distribution of variance a.
wignerDistribution: R -> Distribution R
wignerDistribution(a) produces a Wigner distribution of variance a.


text:
We must have for in order to use this test. In this section we will discuss using the Comparison Test and Limit Comparison Tests to determine if an infinite series converges or diverges. If it is larger than a divergent series, it diverges. Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. Refer to Khan academy: Alternating series remainder Refer to Khan academy: Worked example: alternating series remainder For the Remainder series , its … As somas de Riemann também são uma série. The alternating series test (also known as the Leibniz test), is type of series test used to determine the convergence of series that alternate. The alternating series tests states that if a sequence converges to zero, and it alternates positive and negative, then it converges. The partial sum of an infinite series as the sum of the first few terms (and hence it's only partial). Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The alternating series test can only tell you that an alternating series itself converges. Refer to Khan academy: Alternating series test Refer to xaktly: Alternating Series Alternating Series It means, Terms of the series “alternate” between positive and negative. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. If a series and it's absolute value both converge, then the series converges absolutely. Elle est notée Σ u(n). We can use the alternating series test to show that. Explanation: . By now, you should be familiar with several kinds of series like arithmetic or geometric series. News; Impact; Our team; Our interns; Our content specialists; First, this is (hopefully) clearly an alternating series with, ${b_n} = \frac{1}{{7 + 2n}}$ and it should pretty obvious the $${b_n}$$ are positive and so we know that we can use the Alternating Series Test on this series. Se sei dietro un filtro web, assicurati che i domini … To answer that question, you must investigate the positive series with a different test. Agora, você deve estar familiarizado com diversos tipos de séries, como a aritmética ou a geométrica. Keep in mind that the test does not tell whether the series diverges. 0 < = a n) and approaches 0, then the alternating series test tells us that the following alternating series converges: How man terms give a partial sum, Sn, within 0.01 of the sum, S, of the series? Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In this section we will discuss using the Alternating Series Test to determine if an infinite series converges or diverges. Learn. However, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the series diverges.The alternating series simply tells us that the absolute value of each of the terms decreases monotonically, i.e., if a1 ≥ a2 ≥ … and if the series converges. Conoscere gratis matematica, arte, programmazione informatica, economia, fisica, chimica, biologia, medicina, finanza, storia e molto altro. Riemann sums are also series. Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. In this section we will discuss using the Alternating Series Test to determine if an infinite series converges or diverges. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. I A similar theorem applies to the series P 1 i=1 ( 1) nb n. I Also we really only need b n+1 n for all n > … The alternating series tests states that if a sequence converges to zero, and it alternates positive and negative, then it converges. About. i) if ρ< 1, the series converges absolutely. If a series fails the second requirement for the alternating series test (that the series eventually decreases), that means the series doesn’t converge. The integral test helps us determine a series convergence by comparing it to an improper integral, which is something we already know how to find. Don't all infinite series grow to infinity? To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Alternating Series Convergence Tests. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. iii) if ρ = 1, then the test … Learn how this is possible and how we can tell whether a series converges and to what value. To answer that question, you must investigate the positive series with a different test. The "direct" comparison test often compares a series to either or . Alternating series test: An alternating series converges if. 4-3: Alternating Series, and the Alternating Series Theorem Prakash Balachandran Department of Mathematics Duke University February 5, 2010 Due to some short term-amnesia over break, I’ve decided that you’ll be allowed a one page cheat sheet for Practice your understanding of the alternating series test and determine whether given series converge conditionally or absolutely. The student is sometimes asked to find the estimate of the error, determine if the approximation is under or … Infinite series are sums of an infinite number of terms. It caries over intuition from geometric series to more general series. The ratio test is a most useful test for series convergence. Alternating series test (Opens a modal) Worked example: alternating series (Opens a modal) Practice. Desculpe, mundo DAS séries! It is very important to always check the conditions for a particular series test prior to actually using the test. If a series and it's absolute value both converge, then the series converges absolutely. Khan Academy è una società senza scopo di lucro 501(c)(3). Conoscere gratis matematica, arte, programmazione informatica, economia, fisica, chimica, biologia, medicina, finanza, storia e molto altro. Now we must show that. The test was used by Gottfried Leibniz and is sometimes known as Leibniz's test , Leibniz's rule , or the Leibniz criterion . Ratio test. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. Impara a creare disegni, animazioni e giochi utilizzando ProcessingJS e JavaScript, o impara a creare pagine Web con HTML e CSS. The "direct" comparison test often compares a series to either or . Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. The partial sum of an infinite series as the sum of the first few terms (and hence it's only partial). 2. is a decreasing sequence. A proof of the Alternating Series Test is also given. As somas de Riemann também são uma série. This is actually a vast and fascinating world: the world series! If it is larger than a divergent series, it diverges. Alternating Series Test. About the Book Author. In mathematical analysis, the alternating series test is the method used to prove that an alternating series with terms that decrease in absolute value is a convergent series. The limit Alternating series test Get 3 of 4 questions to level up! The test says nothing about the positive-term series. 2. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Watch Queue Queue. This video is unavailable. Alternating Series test If the alternating series X1 n=1 ( 1)n 1b n = b 1 b 2 + b 3 b 4 + ::: ;b n > 0 satis es (i) b n+1 b n for all n (ii) lim n!1 b n = 0 then the series converges. Donate or volunteer today! Puoi condividere qualsiasi cosa che crei, esplorare ciò che altri hanno creato e imparare gli uni dagli altri! We must have for in order to use this test. Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. However, the convergence can be conditional. Agora, você deve estar familiarizado com diversos tipos de séries, como a aritmética ou a geométrica. Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. La nostra missione è fornire un'istruzione gratuita di livello internazionale per chiunque e ovunque. In other words, the test cannot tell you whether a series is absolutely convergent or conditionally convergent. Soit une suite de terme général u(n). Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. It turns out the answer is no. The test was used by Gottfried Leibniz and is sometimes known as Leibniz's test , Leibniz's rule , or the Leibniz criterion . However, the convergence can be conditional. 1. Practice your understanding of the alternating series test and determine whether given series converge conditionally or absolutely. The test says nothing about the positive-term series. Impara a creare disegni, animazioni e giochi utilizzando ProcessingJS e JavaScript, o impara a creare pagine Web con HTML e CSS. Ripassa le successioni e poi tuffati nelle serie aritmetiche e geometriche. Se sei dietro un filtro web, assicurati che i domini … A proof of the Alternating Series Test is also given. 1. Its nth term converges to zero. The Alternating Series Test can be used only if the terms of the series alternate in sign. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We can use the alternating series test to show that. If for all n, a n is positive, non-increasing (i.e. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Alternating Series test If the alternating series X1 n=1 ( 1)n 1b n = b 1 b 2 + b 3 b 4 + ::: ;b n > 0 satis es (i) b n+1 b n for all n (ii) lim n!1 b n = 0 then the series converges. ... Khan Academy Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Series are sums of multiple terms. Donate or volunteer today! If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. First, this is (hopefully) clearly an alternating series with, ${b_n} = \frac{1}{{7 + 2n}}$ and it should pretty obvious the $${b_n}$$ are positive and so we know that we can use the Alternating Series Test on this series. Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. A proof of the Root Test is also given. Conoscere gratis matematica, arte, programmazione informatica, economia, fisica, chimica, biologia, medicina, finanza, storia e molto altro. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In order to use this test, we first need to know what a converging series and a diverging series is. Khan Academy è una società senza scopo di lucro 501(c)(3). This is easy to see because is in for all (the values of this sequence are ), and sine is always nonzero whenever sine's argument is in . Each term is less than or equal to the preceding term (ignoring the negative signs). Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. Refer to Khan academy: Alternating series test Refer to xaktly: Alternating Series Alternating Series It means, Terms of the series “alternate” between positive and negative. Conoscere gratis matematica, arte, programmazione informatica, economia, fisica, chimica, biologia, medicina, finanza, storia e molto altro. Site Navigation. Khan Academy è una noprofit con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale per chiunque, dovunque. I cannot view their quiz and test scores without logging into each child's account and scrolling back through their completed lessons. ii) if ρ > 1, the series diverges. AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which has not reviewed this resource. Absolute Ratio Test Let be a series of nonzero terms and suppose . Explanation: . ... Khan Academy is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. View … Now we must show that. On appelle série de terme général u(n) la somme des termes de cette suite si n tend vers +∞. Using the alternating series remainder to approximating the sum of an alternating series to a given error bound. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In this section we will discuss using the Root Test to determine if an infinite series converges absolutely or diverges. Proofs for both tests are also given. If it is less than a convergent series, it converges. Some infinite series converge to a finite value. The alternating series test can only tell you that an alternating series itself converges. Puoi condividere qualsiasi cosa che crei, esplorare ciò che altri hanno creato e imparare gli uni dagli altri! Answer to: The series converges by the alternating series test. Refer to Khan academy: Alternating series remainder Refer to Khan academy: Worked example: alternating series remainder For the Remainder series , its FIRST TERM is … Desculpe, mundo DAS séries! converges. I am a homeschooling parent that has recently switched my kids to Khan Academy for our math curriculum. If it is less than a convergent series, it converges. The Alternating Series Test can be used only if the terms of the series alternate in sign. It is very important to always check the conditions for a particular series test prior to actually using the test. In order to use either test the terms of the infinite series must be positive. The Alternating series remainder exercise appears under the Integral calculus Math Mission. There are two types of problems in this exercise: Determine over versus under and estimate: This problem has an alternating series and a collection of questions. Ripassa le successioni e poi tuffati nelle serie aritmetiche e geometriche. Knowledge of all limit tests, but specifically the comparison tests, as well as experience with the limit of a sequence are encouraged to ensure success on this exercise. Knowledge of all limit tests, but specifically the comparison tests, as well as experience with the limit of a sequence are encouraged to ensure success on this exercise. Esse é realmente um mundo vasto e fascinante: a série mundial! The Root Test can be used on any series, but unfortunately will not always yield a conclusive answer as to whether a series will converge absolutely or diverge. Si S(n) est la somme des n premiers termes de la suite u, la série est la limite de S(n) lorsque n tend vers +∞. Mark Ryan has taught pre-algebra through calculus for more than 25 years. 1. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. In other words, the test cannot tell you whether a series is absolutely convergent or conditionally convergent. La nostra missione è fornire un'istruzione gratuita di livello internazionale per chiunque e ovunque. converges. 2. is a … In mathematical analysis, the alternating series test is the method used to prove that an alternating series with terms that decrease in absolute value is a convergent series. This is easy to see because is in for all (the values of this sequence are ), and sine is always nonzero whenever sine's argument is in . Watch Queue Queue Donate or volunteer today! By logging into Khan Academy, you agree to our. Esse é realmente um mundo vasto e fascinante: a série mundial! Within khan academy alternating series test of the alternating series test to determine if an infinite series converges and to what...., you agree to our and how we can use the alternating series test: an alternating test. A divergent series, it diverges your understanding of the first few terms ( and hence it absolute! 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Be used only if the terms of the alternating series ( Opens a modal ) Worked:! Their completed lessons e geometriche termes de cette suite si n tend vers +∞ always check the conditions a!, the test was used by Gottfried Leibniz and is sometimes known as 's. The College Board, which has not reviewed this resource and a diverging series is missione! ( c ) ( 3 ) con la missione di fornire una formazione gratuita, mondiale chiunque. Series alternate in sign it means we 're having trouble loading external resources on website. Than a convergent series, it means we 're having trouble loading external resources on our website series like or. Through calculus for more than 25 years series test: an alternating series states. Ryan has taught pre-algebra through calculus for more than 25 years uni dagli altri our specialists. For series convergence man terms give a partial sum, Sn, within 0.01 of alternating. 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'S only partial ) compares a series and it 's absolute value both converge, then the series alternate sign. The first few terms ( and hence it 's absolute value both converge, it! Converges if positive series with a different test external resources on our website either the! Am a homeschooling parent that has recently switched my kids to khan Academy is a registered trademark the... Am a homeschooling parent that has recently switched my kids to khan Academy è una società scopo. Scores without logging into each child 's account and scrolling back through completed.
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text:
## Challenging the Status Quo : Predicting Violence with Sparse Decision-Making Data

2022
694640
Journal article
Published
##### Published in
International Interactions ; 48 (2022), 4. - pp. 697-713. - Taylor & Francis. - ISSN 0305-0629. - eISSN 1547-7444
##### Abstract
This article addresses the discrepancy between the explanation and the prediction of political violence through the development of different models that approximate the decision-making on war and peace. Borrowing from the crisis bargaining literature, the prediction models particularly consider the situational attributes through which players can challenge the status quo. We distinguish between direct and indirect proxies of a weakening of the status quo and show that adding decision-making data can improve the accuracy of cross-sectional forecasting models. The study, which demonstrates the increased conflict risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic and thus another development upsetting the status quo, discusses the usefulness of decision-making forecasts through various case study illustrations.
320 Politics
##### Keywords
Prediction; Civil War; Africa; Political Violence; Deterrence; Crisis bargaining
##### Cite This
ISO 690BÄTZ, Konstantin, Ann-Cathrin KLÖCKNER, Gerald SCHNEIDER, 2022. Challenging the Status Quo : Predicting Violence with Sparse Decision-Making Data. In: International Interactions. Taylor & Francis. 48(4), pp. 697-713. ISSN 0305-0629. eISSN 1547-7444. Available under: doi: 10.1080/03050629.2022.2051024
BibTex
@article{Batz2022-07-04Chall-56981,
year={2022},
doi={10.1080/03050629.2022.2051024},
title={Challenging the Status Quo : Predicting Violence with Sparse Decision-Making Data},
number={4},
volume={48},
issn={0305-0629},
journal={International Interactions},
pages={697--713},
author={Bätz, Konstantin and Klöckner, Ann-Cathrin and Schneider, Gerald}
}

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Yes
Yes


text:
# Print the ASCII table

The task is to display n characters of the ASCII table.

You may write a function (or a program that takes the argument as a parameter, STDIN is allowed as well) that takes a parameter n, which will be the index of the last character to print.

The task is quite simple, so as an example here's a possible implementation in Python 2.7:

(lambda n:map(chr, range(n)))(256)

As I said it's a simple task. So this is code-golf and the shortest codes wins!

EDIT

As some of you pointed out this code doesn't print the result. It's just an example since I might struggle explaining the problem in english ;-).

EDIT2

Feel free to post the answer in any programming language, even if it's not the shortest code. Maybe there are some interesting implementations out there!

EDIT3

Fixed the example so it prints the result.

• 1. Does it have to be a function? 2. According to your reference code, n would be the first character that is not printed. – Dennis Oct 28 '14 at 12:49
• Actually the reference code prints nothing. It just returns a list of the characters and lets the REPL do whatever it wants with the result. – manatwork Oct 28 '14 at 12:50
• Can somebody please explain the downvote? I am sorry if my english isn't that good. If there's something unclear within the question please tell me. – oopbase Oct 28 '14 at 12:57
• for x in range(input()):print chr(x) Would actually print the characters, if you want to edit your example. – FryAmTheEggman Oct 28 '14 at 12:59
• nota [i for i in range(n)] is quite similar to range(n) – njzk2 Oct 28 '14 at 19:22

# PowerShell - 20

%{0..$_|%{[char]$_}}

Usage:
56 | %{0..$_|%{[char]$_}}

• A bit debatable to call a piece of syntax that isn't even valid a program or function ;-) (you cannot use ForEach-Object standalone like that). The function part of that is the script block, but it won't ever work as a function, because the context ($_) is provided by ForEach-Object. You can shorten it a bit by casting the range to an array, by the way. – Joey Oct 30 '14 at 7:32 ## Ruby - 35 33 bytes Please note that I can't Ruby at all: $*[0].to_i.times{|i|puts i.chr()}

• As far as I know there is an alias for "puts" that is simply "p". So -3 bytes if that's correct? – oopbase Oct 28 '14 at 13:28
• @Forlan07, not really an alias. p is equivalent to puts whatever.inspect. – manatwork Oct 28 '14 at 13:36
• @manatwork OK, nice to know :-) – oopbase Oct 28 '14 at 13:39
• This prints every character on a separate line. Shouldn't it be print? – nyuszika7h Oct 29 '14 at 13:48
• Fixed and 3 bytes shorter: puts (0..$*[0]).map(&:chr)*'' – nyuszika7h Oct 29 '14 at 13:51 # Befunge-98, 26 20 0&;1-::0j;;,$>:#,_@

It's longer than the other Befunge-98 answer, but it's not self-modifying and only uses one line. (Also, the pointer only moves to the right until it gets to the print loop.)

This is shorter now. Also, it's still not self-modifying. Hooray, jumping trickery!

If I'm allowed to have another answer in a different language, here goes...

# Pascal: 91 bytes

PROGRAM A;VAR i,n:Integer;BEGIN

(just for kicks, really, I haven't messed in Pascal in ages)

• Posting multiple answers is perfectly fine. – Dennis Oct 28 '14 at 20:55
• @Dennis is well aware of this. Just check all the questions he's answered – caird coinheringaahing Mar 15 '17 at 22:00

# Python 3 — 51 bytes

lambda n:sys.stdout.buffer.write(bytes(range(n+1)))

This is a variation of a line I keep in my shell history for when I need to refer to the ASCII table.

It first calls range(), passing n + 1 as the sole argument. When used like this, range() returns an iterable of integers between 0 (inclusive) and the argument (exclusive—hence the need for the +1). The iterable is then passed to bytes(), which returns a bytestring, interpreting each integer as one byte. The bytestring is then written directly to the buffer for stdout (passing it to sys.stdout.write() or print() would result in an exception; those accept strings, not bytestrings).

Note that n must not be greater than 255. If it is, bytes() will raise an exception, because values greater than 255 do not fit in a single byte.

Also note that this doesn't bind the function to a name. I'm assuming that's acceptable, given that it does still create the function.

• 1. There's no need for all of that: lambda n:print(str(bytes(range(n+1)))) is just 38 characters. 2. If you go with your current method, you need to include import sys. – Beta Decay Oct 29 '14 at 15:18
• Actually, just lambda n:print(bytes(range(n+1))) works perfectly well. – Beta Decay Oct 29 '14 at 15:20

# LiveScript - 47

f=->alert String.fromCharCode.apply(,[0 to it])

# F# - 66 characters

[<EntryPoint>]
let m a=
for x in char 0..a.[0].[0]do printfn"%c"x
0

[char[]](0.."$args")  # PHP - 36 If PHP Notice are set to off then this: <? for(;$i<$argv[1];)echo chr($i++);

# PHP - 42

Otherwise:

<? for($i=0;$i<$argv[1];$i++)echo chr($i);  • I think you can remove the PHP tag. JS answers typically don't include script tags, either. – Ingo Bürk Oct 30 '14 at 7:19 • OK, ty. First post so not sure how it goes :) – Dexa Oct 30 '14 at 9:49 • @IngoBürk That may be because Node.js doesn't need any script tags. You need <?php (or <? if short tags are enabled) for any PHP script, though. – nyuszika7h Oct 30 '14 at 19:12 • @nyuszika7h Node doesn't support ES6 and yet ES6 answers don't include tags. – Ingo Bürk Oct 30 '14 at 19:17 • I don't see your point. It does have partial support via --harmony, but that doesn't have to be counted unless perhaps the answer relies on Node-specific APIs. Script tags are just a way to include JavaScript in a HTML file, on the other hand even standalone PHP scripts need an opening tag or they won't work. – nyuszika7h Oct 30 '14 at 19:19 # Rebol - 35 34 for n 0 do input 1[prin to-char n]  # MATLAB: 13 bytes @(n)char(0:n)  This is an anonymous function that prints the string. ## MATLAB: 17 bytes This one takes STDIN. char(0:input(''))  I think these are pretty short for a non-golf language. :) • The standard tips for casting to chars when golfing in MATLAB / Octave: @(n)[0:n,'']. =) Saves you a byte! – Stewie Griffin Jan 12 '16 at 14:18 # C# - 6563 52 c=>{for(var i='\0';i<=c;)System.Console.Write(i++);}  Inspired by Java solution Usage: public class Program { public static void Main() { new System.Action<char>(c => {for(var i='\0';i<=c;)System.Console.Write(i++);})((char)255); } }  Thanks to Martin for the help. • You can probably save two bytes by a) using var instead of char and b) by doing ...Write(i++) and leaving the third section of the for statement empty. – Martin Ender Jun 10 '15 at 13:43 • I just saw a python solution using lambdas. So would this be a valid solution: c=>{for(var i='\0';i<=c;)System.Console.Write(i++);}? – pmudra Jun 11 '15 at 8:46 • I'm not very familiar with C#'s lambdas, but I think so. – Martin Ender Jun 11 '15 at 12:45 # x86 DOS (11 bytes) Takes parameter in CL -u100 07AD:0100 mov ah,02 07AD:0102 cwd 07AD:0103 int 21 07AD:0105 inc dx 07AD:0106 cmp dl,cl 07AD:0108 jb 103 07AD:010A ret 07AD:010B  ## Pip, 3 bytes (not competing) The language is newer than the question, but happens to do very well with it: C,a  a is the first command-line argument. The unary range operator , constructs a range of all numbers 0 <= n < a. Finally, C converts them to characters. The resulting list is autoprinted, by default without any delimiter. Works into Unicode range too! # Perl 6, 25 22 bytes put (^@*ARGS[0])».chr  ## F#, 43 bytes fun n->Seq.iter(printf"%c")['\x00'..char n]  That is... fun n-> // A function that takes n ['\x00'..char n] // Generates a list of chars from NUL to n Seq.iter( ) // For each one, printf"%c" // Print it!  I tried using \0 for NUL, but it doesn't work in F#. I couldn't get it under 4 characters, in any case. =P # Java, 125 bytes class M{public static void main(String[]a){p(256);}static void p(int l){int i=-1;for(;i++<l;){System.out.println((char)i);}}}  Simply puts in the number of characters to print from the ascii table @ p(n) where n is the number of characters. ## ES6, 42 bytes Sorry for the necro. n=>String.fromCharCode(...Array(n).keys())  If you need it as a program, 54 bytes: alert(String.fromCharCode(...Array(+prompt()).keys()))  However for some reason I can't get the above to work as a Stack Snippet. ## Lua, 37 Bytes a=...for i=1,a do print(a.char(i))end  # PHP - 47 bytes <?=join(array_map('chr',range(0,$argv[1])));

Usage:

php ascii.php n

• join does the same as implode and is 3 bytes shorter. – Titus Dec 14 '16 at 13:20
• @Titus good catch, updated! – zamnuts Dec 15 '16 at 7:21

## ><>, 14 bytes

0:o1+:r:@=?;$!  Try it here! ### Explanation 0 push 0 to the stack [n, 0] : duplicate the top value [n, 0, 0] o output it [n, 0] 1+ add one [n, 1] : duplicate top value [n, 1, 1] r reverse the stack [1, 1, n] : duplicate the top value again [1, 1, n, n] @ move the top value back twice [1, n, 1, n] =?; pop top two values, if equal, end [1, n]$  swap top two stack values          [n, 1]
! skip next instruction (0)

## or

0:o1+$1-:?!;$!

Try it here!

### Explanation

0              push 0 to the stack                [n, 0]
:             duplicate the top value            [n, 0, 0]
o            output it                          [n, 0]
$swap top two values [1, n] 1- subtract one [1, n-1] : duplicate top value [1, n-1, n-1] ?!; if n is 0, end [1, n-1]$  swap top two stack values          [n-1, 1]
! skip next instruction (0)

For both simply place n on the stack and the result will be outputted.

# SmileBASIC, 31 bytes

INPUT N
FOR I=.TO N?CHR$(I)NEXT  . is read as 0.0, and I could have just used 0 in this case, but . looks cooler. # PHP, 35 34 bytes <?=join(range(a^a,chr($argv[1])));

yup. PHP can create a range of characters.

Takes argument from command line. Save to file, execute.

# J, 8 bytes

f=:{.&a.

Explanation:

f=:{.&a.
f=:      define a function f
a. the ascii sequence
&   attach it to the next operator
{.    take the first n items of
you'll notice I don't say how many,
that's because in J you can leave blanks and the interpreter fills them in

• I trust that you did something, but I don't see what changed. – Bijan Mar 15 '17 at 13:31
• Riley's edit formatted the header by prefixing # so it would be styled as a header (larger font, bold). – DLosc Mar 15 '17 at 22:08

# √ å ı ¥ ® Ï Ø ¿ , 3 bytes

Note: Non-competing as language post-dates challenge

IrW

### Explanation

I   › Take input from command line, evaluate and push to stack
r  › Push the range from 0 to top value + 1
W › Output the whole stack as Unicode characters

# Alternate Solution

As pointed out by @FlipTack in his Java answer, it is not clear if the OP wants us to print up to and including the input or excluding the input.

If the second is true, the solution below is the correct answer.

IrPW

### Explanation

I    › Take input from command line, evaluate and push to stack
r   › Push the range from 0 to top value + 1
P  › Pop the top value from the stack
W › Output the whole stack as Unicode characters

# evil, 10 bytes

I've been playing around with evil lately, and this is my first PPCG submission (albeit 2.5 years late). I find it a fun esolang to use partially because it seems nobody uses it!

ramlwalusb

## Explanation

r   // Store input character to Accumulator as byte
a   // Since we are writing then adding, add 1 to Accumulator
m   // Drop a loop marker
l   // Swap Wheel and Accumulator
w   // Output Accumulator
a   // Increment Accumulator
l   // Swap Wheel and Accumulator
u   // Decrement Accumulator
sb  // Go back to m if A != 0

evil is also an easy language to write an interpreter for. I think there's a javascript one floating around somewhere, but I ended up just writing my own.

EDIT: Try it online!

• Cool answer! Welcome to the site! – DJMcMayhem Mar 15 '17 at 18:47

## Haskell - 16 22 characters

(take['\0'..])

## Edit

Now printing the result

print.(take['\0'..])

• nice trick to get rid of a character – John Dvorak Oct 29 '14 at 9:32
• This doesn't actually print the result. – nyuszika7h Oct 29 '14 at 15:20
• @JanDvorak he pretty much removed the space, as () does the same thing as flip here, in just as many characters... – archaephyrryx Oct 29 '14 at 15:57

Lua

for i=0,255 do
print(string.char(i))
end

• This is code golf, so please include the byte count of your submission in the answer. Also, you don't need the line breaks. You can put all of this in one line like for i=0,255 do print(string.char(i)) end. – Martin Ender Dec 31 '14 at 19:19
• This is not valid solution as it not handles input/parameter as required. – manatwork Jul 22 '16 at 9:27

## PL/SQL 59

select chr(rownum)from dual connect by rownum<=&i

Didn't see a requirement that said output had to be a concatenated string, so this should work?

# JavaScript, 65 bytes

First code golf, but here's my simple JavaScript implementation:

function f(n){for(i=1;i<n;)console.log(String.fromCharCode(i++))}

Not great but decent. ;)

Usage:

f(x) // x could be any number, but generally numbers
// greater than 0 are better. ;)

The output is rather long so I'm not going to copy it but if you run it I think you'll get the idea. :P

Uncompressed:

function f(n) {
for (i = 1; i < n;)
console.log(String.fromCharCode(i++)); // by using i++ we increase
// i right as we get it
}

• Welcome to PPCG! I don't think you need those braces, and you do the i++ when call the function like ...fromCharCode(i++) and then leave the third section of the for statement empty. – Martin Ender Jun 10 '15 at 13:42
• However, I just noticed that your answer isn't quite valid. You should write a function which takes 256 as a parameter. – Martin Ender Jun 10 '15 at 13:44
• Also, I think you should start the loop at 0 rather than 1`. – Peter Taylor Jun 10 '15 at 14:00
• Ah, I'll update to fit what you guys have pointed out. :) – Florrie Jun 10 '15 at 15:09