text:
## Спутник ДЗЗ. GOES T. [Редактировать]

В декабре 2008 года НАСА объявило, что она выбрала Lockheed Martin в качестве головного исполнителя заказа на создание четвертого поколения гидрометеорологических аппаратов серии GOES. В рамках работ предусматривается создание двух типов КА. Ориентировочно агентство планирует потратить на эти цели \$11.4 миллиарда. Данные с аппаратов должны предоставить возможность прогнозирования погоды в реальном времени.
Ключевыми элементами аппаратов будут являться:

 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Должен обеспечить информацию об облачном покрове и влажности над континентальной территорией США. Environment In-Situ Suite (SEISS). Extreme Ultraviolet Sensor/X-Ray Sensor Irradiance Sensors (EXIS). Solar Ultraviolet Imager (SUVI). Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). Magnetometer (MAG).

Дополнительная классификация

#Наименования
1Все спутники ДЗЗ

Технические характеристики

#ХарактеристикаЗначение
1Масса (сухая), кг2800
2Платформа 1xA2100A

Характеристики орбиты

#ХарактеристикаЗначение
1САС, год15

Экономические характеристики

#ХарактеристикаДата измеренияЗначение
1Производитель Lockheed Martin
2Средняя стоимость (аппарат), млн. долл.2014-10-20350

## Найдено 1000 документов по запросу «GOES T». [Перейти к поиску]

 Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.06/5 ... of the NOAA requirements for GOES-R and NPOESS. 5. Applications of the... 2.1 Generalities 2.2 The Meteosat programme 2.3 The GOES programme 2.4 The GMS and MTSAT... for INPE and KARI Satellite GOES-14 Deimos-1 DMSP-F18 DubaiSat... • the United States of America’s GOES • the Japanese GMS now replaced... satellites Page 13 2.3 The GOES programme The GOES programme is designed to cover two positions (GOES-W at 135°W, GOES-E at 75°W) by two... the first three GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) (GOES-1/2/3), spin-stabilised, equipped with an imager (VISSR); • GOES 4 to 7, with VISSR upgraded to... or sounding; • GOES-8 and follow-on (to continue to GOES-16), three... chronology of the GOES programme. Table 2.3.1 - Chronology of the GOES programme (in...-6 SMS-1 SMS-2 GOES-1 GOES-2 GOES-3 GOES-4 GOES-5 GOES-6 GOES-7 GOES-8 GOES-9 GOES-10 GOES-11 GOES-12 GOES-13 GOES-14 GOES-15 GOES-R GOES-S GOES-T Launch 6 Dec... satellites. The SMS-1, SMS-2 and GOES 1 to 3 were equipped with: • VISSR....5-12.6 μm); cycle 30 min. On GOES 4 to 7 VISSR was upgraded to... structure from the GOES 4/5/6/7 spacecrafts to the current series (GOES-8 and follow-on). 1.1.1.1 Fig. 2.3.2 - Sketch view of GOES-8 and follow-on. GOES-10 Launched in April 1997, GOES-10 served as operational GOES-W (at.... GOES-11 (current GOES-W) Launched in May 2000, GOES-11 is the GOES West operational spacecraft at 135°W. It replaced GOES-10 as the GOES West spacecraft in June 2006. GOES-12 (current GOES-E) Launched in July 2001, GOES-12 was..., spring 2003, it has replaced GOES-8 as the operational satellite at... replace GOES-10 in May 2010. GOES-13 (hot standby, to become GOES-E) Launched in May 2006, GOES-13... position (75°W) to replace GOES-12. GOES-14 (stored in-orbit) Launched in June 2009, GOES-14 is provisionally at 89... its final positioning. Payload of GOES 8 to 15 • IMAGER, a 5-channel VIS... (Solar X-ray Imager), starting with GOES-12, to image the sun... Coordination Center. Data transmission from GOES GOES data are transmitted in real... types of S-band stations: • GVAR (GOES Variable Data Format), for processed... that one of Meteosat 1 to 7. GOES-12 has started to alternate.... Plans for GOES next generation starting with GOES-R (GOES-16) Planning for GOES-R has... (HES) was originally planned on GOES-R. This has been currently de... on GOES-S. Hyperspectral sounding is however considered for follow-on GOES satellites..., the first possibly to be GOES-T (SOUNDER-FO). GOS-2010, January... also similar to MSG and GOES. Main features: - frequency: 1691.0 MHz... imager comparable to those of GOES-R and MTG. The current intention... Information Transmission), similar to MSG, GOES and MTSAT. Main features: - frequency...) from FY-2 C/D/E/F/G, similar to MSG, GOES, MTSAT and GOMS-Elektro-L. Main... those of MTG (FCI) and GOES-R (ABI). • IIS (Interferometric Infrared Sounder... those of MTG (IRS) and GOES-S (GHS). • LM (Lightning Mapper), a lightning... those of MTG (LI) and GOES-R (GLM). • DCS (Data Collection Service... to those of the current GOES series: • IMAGER, a 6-channels VIS/IR... SEVIRI or MTG FCI or GOES-R ABI. ATGM (Atmospheric Trace Gas... Information Transmission), similar to MSG, GOES and MTSAT. Main features: - uplink... ATS programme as precursor of GOES under Section 2.3. NASA assists NOAA for installing the POES and GOES satellites and is partner of... Position GOES-11 2000-2011 135°W GOES-12 2001-2011 75°W GOES-13 2006-2013 105°W GOES-14 2009-2016 89.5°W GOES-15 (GOES-P) 2010... System (of the WMO WWW) GOES Variable Data Format High Resolution...-C GCOM-W GEOSat Glory GMS GOCE GOES ≤ 15 GOES > 15 GOMS GOSAT GPM... Satellite (up to GOES-15) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R and next... Very High Resolution Radiometer Envisat GOES-R and follow-on Meteor-1 1 to... 3 Nimbus-7 HY-1 A/B/C/D Meteor-M N3 SMS-1/2, GOES 1 to 15 Meteosat 1 to 11... Plate Radiometer Nimbus-5/6 Landsat-6 Landsat-7 GOES-R and follow-on Meteosat Third.... Description not provided Satellites Nimbus-4 GOES 8 to 15 Meteosat 8 to 11... 11 (MSG) Meteor-M 1/2 ICESat ADEOS-2 GOES-R and follow-on GPM-core... IMAGER-FO IMG IR IR GOES Imager INSAT Imager MTSAT Imager... Red Camera Satellites ADEOS-1 ADEOS-2 GOES 8 to 15 INSAT-3D, INSAT... 2010-2015 SCISAT-1 2003-2010 GOES-R and follow-on SICH-2 FY...-2/SeaStar ADEOS-2 QuikSCAT GOES-R and follow-on SMS-1/2, GOES 1 to 15 GMS.../Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment GOES Sounder INSAT Sounder GOES Sounder Follow-On... 22 Nimbus-7, SeaSat Odin UARS GOES 8 to 15 INSAT-3D, INSAT... Monitoring GOMS N1 SumbandilaSat UARS GOES-R and follow-on 1994-2000... Sentinel-5 on Post-EPS (series) GOES 4 to 7 TIROS 1 to 10, ESSA.... Description not provided Satellites SMS-1/2, GOES-1/2/3 GMS 1 to 5 VENμS MOS 1/1B... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.15/5 ... a value in the range that goes from -96 to +96. LEON... the time zone. the range goes from -48 to +56 Format...-U • The range goes from 6 to 8. LISA-U230 • The range goes from 6 to... 14. LISA-U1 • The range goes from 6 to 8. 7.11 Preferred operator... in hexadecimal format (the range goes from 0x0000 to 0x007F) Total... the personalization. The password length goes from 6 to 16 digits • • 0: feature...-G310 The parameter the range goes from 1 to n (n depends on the... of 15 minutes. The range goes from -48 to +56 Status... of 15 minutes. The range goes from -48 to +56 Message... of 15 minutes. The range goes from -48 to +56 Message... reply) is enabled; the range goes from 5 to 30 s Number • • 0: not...-00S • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 33, the maximum... 33. • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 33, the maximum...-G / SARA-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 10. The factory... contexts. • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 3. 17.35 Multiple... a resolution of 1 kohm. The range goes from -1 to 53 (only integer... frames (4.615 ms) • • The range goes from 40 to 65000 (approximately... 3G / 4G mode the range goes from -90 to -20 Expressed... 3G / 4G mode the range goes from -90 to -20 Expressed... sensor. If the measured value goes over the t+1 threshold or below... condition. If the measured value goes over the t+2 threshold or below... the tone generator; the range goes from 300 to 3400 Hz... not played. • The range parameter goes from 10 to 8000. LISA-U1 • The range parameter goes from 10 to 1360. 21... On LEON-G modules the range goes from 0 to 6 (-3 dB/step; 0=+9 dB... / SARA-G350 modules the range goes from 0 to 5 (-3 dB/step; 0=+9 dB... / LISA-U130 modules the range goes from 0 to 6 (-3 db/step; 0=0 dB... the filter position. The range goes from 1 to 2. On SARA-G350... the filter position. The range goes from 1 to 2. On LISA-U1... i.e. with WB-AMR). The range goes from 1 to 8. , , ,, Number On LISA.... Biquad filter coefficients. The range goes from -32768 to 32767. The... scaled in the range that goes from -32768 to 32767 • =32767... the filter position. The range goes from 1 to 2. On SARA-G350... the filter position. The range goes from 1 to 2. On LISA-U1... i.e. with WB-AMR). The range goes from 1 to 8. On LISA-U2... range goes from 1 to 8. , , ,, Number Biquad filter coefficient. The range goes from... scaled in the range that goes from -32768 to 32767 • =32767...-G340 / SARA-G350: the range goes from 0x0000 to 0x03FF (hexadecimal... On LISA-U /SARA-U: the range goes from 0x0000 to 0x07FF (hexadecimal... on that socket. The range goes from 0 to 6 Local port to... while sending data. The range goes from 1 to 65535. 24.2.4 Notes... activated. • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.3 Set... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 • 0: IP Protocol for... the linger time, the range goes from 0 to 32767 in milliseconds... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.4 Get... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 • 0: IP Protocol for... value, linger time, the range goes from 0 to 32767 in milliseconds... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. ~ 356 ~ GTM... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 24.5.4 Notes LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.6 Get... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Remote host IP... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.8 Write... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Number of data...-U1 • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 1024 in base... returned. • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. • For the... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Remote host IP.... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. • For the... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Number of data... . LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.11... String Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Remote host IP... . LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.12... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Port of service.... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.13... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 24.15.4 Notes... supported. • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.15... Number Socket identifier. The range goes from 0 to 6 Control request identifier... LEON-G • The range of parameter goes from 0 to 15. 24.23... client, in seconds. The range goes from 0 to 10000 ms. (factory... range of the allowed values goes from 1 to 5. The default and... updated. • The time zone range goes from -48 to 48. 29... (UBX-CFG-NAVX5). The range goes from 3 to 32. (factory-programmed... (UBX-CFG-NAVX5). The range goes from 0 to 50. (factory-programmed... (UBX-CFG-NAV5). The range goes from 0 to 1.000 cm/s. (factoryprogrammed...) (UBX-CFG- ITFM). The range goes from 0 to 15. (factory-programmed...) (UBX-CFG- ITFM). The range goes from 0 to 31. (factory-programmed... manage arithmetic operations. The range goes from 0 to 15, 6 dB attenuation... detect DTMF tones. The range goes from 100 to 10000. The... immunity to speech. The range goes from 0 (minimum immunity) to 20... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-05 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.05/5 ... Shorty 2:34p And So It Goes 3:38p Miracles From Heaven 5:06p...·2000·(2:03) A teenage music journalist goes on tour with a 70s rock... marriage. 9/30 AND SO IT GOES [PG13]·Comedy·2014·(1:33) A self... An upstart stock-car driver goes to the edge for his...·2016·(1:49) An FBI agent goes under cover to infiltrate a white... TERROR [TVMA]·Action·2007·(1:46) goes back to finish the job...·(1:23) A highly qualified secret agent goes on the run with his...·2006·(2:29) A Harvard symbology professor goes on the run with a beautiful... becomes a ratings hit - then she goes to him for romantic advice... York City suburbs whose marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife... 12:14p And So It Goes (1:48)·R Other zones: CT ·12... Meddler 7:24p And So It Goes 6:59p Revolutionary Road 6:46p Passengers... ·8:48p 6:43a And So It Goes 9:14a Miami Vice 8:01a Wall... 10:54p And So It Goes (1:33)·PG13 Other zones: CT.... 10/17 AND SO IT GOES [PG13]·Comedy·2014·(1:33) A self... An upstart stock-car driver goes to the edge for his...) The murderous, backwoods Firefly family goes on the run to escape... parking garage successful young lawyer goes head to head with a ruthless...·(1:23) A highly qualified secret agent goes on the run with his... York City suburbs whose marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife... other ideas as the plan goes violently awry. With Dennis Quaid...) A fascinating and controversial film that goes beneath the surface to explore... simple plan to steal money goes increasingly Two bumbling detectives have... hitman will make sure nothing goes as planned! With Forest Whittaker...) The murderous, backwoods Firefly family goes on the run to escape... missles 10/8,18,22,23 goes back to finish the job... SPRUNG [R]·Comedy·1997·(1:49) decades - goes on the run when a journalist... boyish looks match his inexperience - goes undercover in an elite private... dies in an accident and goes to heaven, his distraught wife... Hardest, 3:25p And So It Goes 3:17p Idiocracy 4:59p The Three... ·9:46a 6:24p And So It Goes (1:58)·R Other zones: CT ·12.../20,21 A teenage music journalist goes on tour with a 70s rock... a dashing stranger AND SO IT GOES [PG13]·Comedy·2014·(1:33) BROKEN... boyish looks match his inexperience - goes undercover in an elite private...·(1:23) A highly qualified secret agent goes on the run with his...! When an evil scientist's experiment goes wrong, he turns an inept... 10:26a And So It Goes 11:41a The Last King...·2000·(2:03) A teenage music journalist goes on tour with a 70s rock... for the AND SO IT GOES [PG13]·Comedy·2014·(1:33) An...·2016·(1:49) An FBI agent goes under cover to infiltrate a white... a taste of glamour when she goes to work in the home... his daughter's wedding - where nothing goes right - Harvey, a rumpled jingle writer... dies in an accident and goes to heaven, his distraught wife..., ends up winning the mother goes on a business trip. 10/3,31... throne--with the A magical proposal goes terribly wrong when a beautiful bound...! When an evil scientist's experiment goes wrong, he turns an inept... H A.C.O.D. [R]·Comedy·2013·(1:28) A man's life goes topsy-turvy: his jobless brother... An upstart stock-car driver goes to the edge for his... FINAL CHAPTER [R] Hockey-masked Jason goes after another batch of teens... to forget last summer's horrors - goes along when her friend wins... becomes a ratings hit - then she goes to him for romantic advice... York City suburbs whose marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife... aliens, the zombies, Agent 007 goes undercover to expose the smuggling... hitman will make sure nothing goes as 11/1 An alien race...) spy - but when the exchange goes bad, the men discover world...·(1:37) A dedicated young cop who goes deep undercover in an illegal... - mountain. 10/8,26,30 A mercenary goes undercover at a tough high school... York City suburbs whose marriage goes dangerously awry when the wife... dies in an accident and goes to heaven, his distraught wife... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.16/5 ... guest bathroom’s where the help goes,” Miss Hilly say. Nobody says... six bus that afternoon, which goes from Belhaven to Farish Street... and I pay for what goddamn goes in it!” Mister Leefolt yell... after Treelore died. My face goes hot, my tongue twitchy. I don... laughs and the crazy woman goes to hug me, but I step... a fine time. Since no bus goes all the way out to... times. “Four years my daughter goes off to college and what... happened?” At this, Aibileen’s face goes blank. The curtain has drawn... badly paved roads. When he goes back to his girlfriend, I search... she smiles and her face goes young and fat again. “Lord... slowly to the pulpit. Everything goes still. I can’t believe Aibileen wants... warm weather, though, and actually goes outside and sits by the... DAY AFTER Miss CELIA’S face goes funny is change-the-damn..., I gag over the sink. That goes for blood anywhere and anything... needles flying around. Then she goes in the backyard, starts clipping....” “Alright, alright.” And then she goes outside again to take up... word Nothing. She nods and goes on in the house. That.... She looks down quickly and goes back to her work. TWO... bout this.” And out she goes, slamming the door behind her... at his feet. Then he goes down the porch steps. “I’m sorry... jerk to a stop. Then it goes again. Then stops. Then slowly... he gets every time somebody goes to the doctor.” “What kind... she can’t hear me. She goes back to the bedroom and... supper that night. The rest goes on a plate for our lunch... what I know now.” Her face goes a shade paler under her makeup... by how loose my body goes, how relieved I am by this... feelings at all. Finally he goes back to the bedroom. Just... harder than it is.” Mother goes back to her bedroom, but... what Yule May say.” She goes to the refrigerator, opens it... us back to Longleaf. Mother goes straight to her room to... could possibly be. The room goes unbearably quiet again. The air...’s feeling strong, Faye Belle sometimes goes over and cleans up his...,” I say. “Let’s keep going.” Callie goes on to her next story... longest time, winces as it goes down. She wouldn’t allow me..., sometimes, Senator. Ashamed of what goes on in Mississippi.” Mother’s eyes... head. MAE MOBLEY’S BIRTHDAY PARTY GOES fine, least that’s what Miss... back to Miss Leefolt, who goes in the back to put... the fancy percolator, the water goes in the pot. I lean my... day off, okay?” Miss Celia goes to the coffee percolator, pours... teeth. He stops punching and goes back to stroking himself, smoothly... to—” Crack! The man’s jaw goes sideways and blood bursts out... to tell her. Before she goes to the Benefit and makes... less bosoms and shoulders. She goes in the bathroom and dabs... it all planned. When Johnny goes to the bathroom, I’m just going... to join our club. Hilly goes on, thanking and recognizing in... hands by then. Otherwise it goes in The Pile. You don... editor?” “I second.” “I third.” Bang-bang goes the gavel and I’ve I lost... when you’re done.” Daddy goes inside and Stuart and I are... yesterday morning. And then she goes over to help herself to... arm. She grumbles a hello, then goes back to her cup. I put...—” “One moment please.” The phone goes silent, and a minute or so...’s heard something. My entire body goes tense. “What did you hear... squeezes my hands, then he goes to her. He gets down... mouth hanging open. Finally, she goes to the door and flings... did.” Mister Leefolt straighten up. Goes into the kitchen and I’m following... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-05 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.24/5 ... B simply discards the packet and goes on to the next one... A is • B sends to A; this packet goes directly to A; only S3, S2... where B is so this packet goes to S5; S2 does know... B1, D, and B5; it never goes through B7. IP routing, on..., all spanning-tree Ethernet traffic goes through the root node, or... sends a broadcast packet, then it goes to R2 but not to... by ensuring that all traffic goes through the interconnection fabric either... 6 S2 4 S4 8 S5 5 F; this path goes from S1 to S4 via... E: A 5 S1 6 S3 3 S4 8 E; this path goes, for no particular reason, from... as are needed; each chunk goes into a 48-byte ATM payload... band; the bit rate then goes up to 135 Mbps (or... there are several. If all goes well, connection should be immediate... Wi-Fi routers, and often goes unused even when it is... networks get faster: bandwidth delay goes down, but propagation delay remains... my wireless-interface default router goes away. However, my system does... or a manually configured address – it goes through a duplicate-address detection (DAD... failed. RFC 4862 in fact goes further: if a host with an... Networks, Release 1.9.10 RFC 4941 goes further, however, in that it... the first example, the problem goes away. Similarly, in the second... to one another, the problem goes away. There remains, however, a small... the start node to N that goes through the current node. We.... While traffic to 200.0.0.0/8 otherwise goes to P0, this particular sub... block 200.2.16.0/20, which goes to P1. Having every other... 2 from A to S1 while packet 1 goes from S1 to S2 • packet... while packet 2 goes from S1 to S2 and packet 1 goes from S2... active close and thus later goes into TIMEWAIT, then its TIMEWAIT... response, which is sent to B, goes unnoticed. What is harder is... on each side. Which node goes into TIMEWAIT state? Hint: there... transmission begin? If not, what goes wrong? 7.0. Suppose the window size... of cwnd increase, as time goes on (up to the point... links; all the configuration work goes into setting up the nodes... meters, meaning that a fixed node goes out of range of the... passes over fixed node N, it goes out of range of fixed... find that the loss count goes from 4 packets out of 2000... by outbound packets to 1. This goes in the IPv4 header Time... flow from h1 to h2 goes via s1–s3. After that... even if some bandwidth thus goes unused; token-bucket filtering would... to Computer Networks, Release 1.9.10 goes unused. Fair queuing offers a better... target the other, the attack goes undetected. If the attack is... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.19/5 ... about single dangerous-bend signs goes double for these. You should... 1.2 (\magstep2).” (Notice that a√little magnification goes a long way.) There’s also \magstephalf... becomes a control sequence token. TEX goes into state S in case (c), or... category 10 (space); otherwise TEX goes into state M . If TEX sees... attaching the category code, and goes into state M . This is the... on the current line, it goes to the next line and... control over where each letter goes. On the other hand, if... only when a simple character box goes on the list. Each character...: Glue Here’s the way TEX goes about setting the glue when... \approx 3.1415926536$$is important. TEX goes into display math mode between...? EXERCISE 14.27 What penalty goes between the lines of a two... been chosen; a special “output routine” goes into action before pages actually... height is 50 pt; it goes through the vertical list inside... b \over 2’, you must specify what goes over what:$${a\over b}\over 2a\over... much about how TEX actually goes about converting its input into... Math EXERCISE 17.22 What goes wrong if you type ‘\bigl\delimiter... or expanded. This diagnostic information goes into your log file. You... follows (expanding tokens as it goes); the final expansion consists of... \endcsname, expanding tokens as it goes; only character tokens should remain... { token list } and the material goes out to the file that... open for output, the output goes to the user’s log file... fill a page before deciding what goes on the page, as explained... once, if the current list goes into a box that was copied... of the \topskip glue that goes above the empty \line; that... occurs in internal vertical mode goes into a vbox, and it is... feel a need to know what goes on inside the computer. Appendix... \insert; the constructed vertical list goes into an adjustment item that..., in order to specify what goes into a math list: character −→ letter... and the resulting math list goes into the atomic field. If... latter case, all diagnostic information goes to the terminal as well... the opening \message, plain.tex goes on to define a control sequence... tokens. The plain file now goes ahead and allocates registers for... time. The \preloaded font information goes into TEX’s memory, where it... mod}\,\,#1)} The definition of \matrix goes to some pains to ensure... with nesting: The “master counter” goes up by 1 for each {1 scanned... for each \L, right for each \R, goes straight for each \S, and turns... Appendix E: Example Formats (Output page goes here, reduced 50%.) (Label and... \vbox to 3pc{ % this part goes on top of the 44pc...(#2)} We come now to what goes on inside the chapters themselves... together. Appendix G explains how TEX goes about choosing particular sizes for... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-05 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.03/5 ... to hold. As the story goes, the man has a terrible dream..., but you take care it goes in under the natural break... the JH; the next, the K goes into the ninth space, and... the pack, be careful it goes in at a point more than... on top of these. He goes through the same procedure with... chosen card so that it goes on top of the diachylon... second card so that it goes on top of the first... if one is a magician he goes the gambler one better... will... the card so that it goes just underneath the key card...-to all appearances the card goes in reversed, really it coincides... turning it over as it goes, a very simple operation. Cut the... to get together, the spectator goes through the pack and so... card. Top card. The patter goes that by intuition you get... ignoring the K. When the total goes above thirteen, or is thirteen... 13 each time the total goes above that number. At the... out as the pack apparently goes into it. Now give an... this point so that one goes to the top, the other... 7H, is called for. Three goes into seven twice, so two... hand, as the right hand goes to the back, pull out... due to the switch it goes on to the pack which... the ninth single on which goes the first double, tenth single... bent. Now if the Joker goes in between two rough surfaces... total fourteen; but if it goes in between two smooth cards... bottom part of his packet goes on top of the crimp... really being careful that it goes in at the break. After... over. In case the spectator goes beyond that card, performer notes... on any card as it goes by,' and continue to count... coat pocket. The remaining 10S goes on the top of the... closing the case the flap goes between the-top card and... do, really an indifferent card goes into the box and the... its bottom card which thus goes on top of the first... face card's right edge only goes as far as the left... brought forward. Your right hand goes back for another card, straighten... pack, saying that the first A goes in near the top. Hold... new break remarking that it goes in a little above the middle... next two A's asserting that one goes in just below the middle... in the pack. Performer slowly goes through the pack and then... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-05 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.05/5 ... James Bond movie! Agent 007 goes to the Caribbean where he... of destruction as the bear goes on a rampage in the Alaskan... right. Dizzy heroine Goldie Hawn goes to Washington and winds up... robbery - but their escape plan goes spectacularly wrong in this comic... James Bond film! A US spaceship goes missing, the Soviets are accused, and 007 goes to Japan to investigate but when a later Russian space mission goes awry, the true culprit is...·1994·(1:33) A hard-nosed cop goes undercover in the suburbs to... not for long as he goes on his travels to the... robbery - but their escape plan goes must recruit their football team... When the fumbling French detective goes missing while discovers he's become...·(1:40) A Las Vegas bachelor party goes horribly wrong, and five buddies... in South Africa, Agent 007 goes undercover to expose the smuggling... of destruction as the bear goes on a rampage in the Alaskan... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck Q breaks loose... robbery - but their escape plan goes spectacularly wrong in this comic...·(1:44) A street-wise narcotics cop goes undercover - in a wild variety of...·(1:37) A dedicated young cop who goes deep undercover in an illegal...·1997·(1:31) When his wife goes into labor while he's on...·1987·(1:47) An young cop goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of... Butler. 6/1,25 screen life! Success goes to Fred's head when he... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck breaks loose... robbery - but their escape plan goes future arrives in the present...·1988·(1:26) A hard-nosed cop goes undercover in the suburbs to... in this An advertising executive goes mentally unstable, creating ad FAR... day A street-wise narcotics cop goes undercover - in a wild A pair of... robbery - but their escape plan goes spectacularly wrong in this comic... father. Tom, banished from town, goes to stay with his uncle... back, and this time he goes on a killing spree in the... Necessary Roughness 6:55a John Ford Goes To War 7:10a Die Hard...• MT ·6:05p 4:55a John Ford Goes To War (2:02)·PG13 Other... Thursday, 6·23 7:10a John Ford Goes To War (2:11)·PG13 Other... Argentina C become separated, and one goes missing - can her friend, CARLITO... [R]·Crime·1995·(1:38) JOHN FORD GOES TO WAR [TVPG]·Documentary·2002... son, an action-movie star goes on a revengeseeking rampage aimed at...·1997·(1:31) When his wife goes into labor while he's on... when one of the ghosts goes on a killing spree, he becomes... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.28/5 ... [R]·Horror·1987·(1:47) the bear goes on a rampage in the Alaskan... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck breaks loose... when one of the ghosts goes on a killing spree, he becomes... first brutal raid, policeman Rama goes undercover in the Jakarta underworld... broken-down bus that woman goes to Europe and discovers her...·1990·(1:31) An advertising executive goes mentally unstable, creating ad campaigns... Think Sex And The City goes to L.A. 4/5,14 As Ellis prepares... when one of the ghosts goes on a killing spree, he becomes... When the fumbling French detective goes missing while THE MUPPETS TAKE... [R]·Comedy·1988·(1:34) A college student goes home with his girlfriend for... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck breaks loose...·(1:40) A Las Vegas bachelor party goes horribly wrong, and five buddies.... Think Sex And The City goes to L.A. 4/18 B BIG FISH [PG13... of destruction as the bear goes on a rampage in the Alaskan...·2001·(1:31) An FBI agent goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck breaks loose.... 4/6,14 A street-wise narcotics cop goes undercover - in a wild variety of... back, and this time he goes on a killing spree in the.... With Johnny An FBI agent goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of... to the cloud and ultimately goes viral, all heck fame and...·1994·(1:33) A hard-nosed cop goes undercover in the suburbs to... Oscar winner, An advertising executive goes mentally unstable, creating ad a plane... revelation of a pure womanizer, who goes from girl to life in... fairy escapes from a crate and goes on a gory quest for his...·1991·(2:17) An FBI agent goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of... a secret is uncovered? 3/30,31 J.J. goes into the greeting-card business... more heist. When the heist goes bad it leaves a position with...·1997·(1:31) When his wife goes into labor while he's on... Thursday, 3·31 6:15a John Ford Goes To War 7:20a The Fighting... in A street-wise narcotics cop goes undercover - in a wild missing white... a scandal A tough government environmental investigator goes Martin Short, Pierce Brosnan, Danny... and crooks on JOHN FORD GOES TO WAR [TVPG]·Documentary·2002...'s attempt to An young cop goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of...·1991·(2:02) An FBI agent goes undercover to infiltrate a gang of... first brutal raid, policeman Rama goes undercover in the Jakarta underworld... when one of the ghosts goes on a killing spree, he becomes...·1997·(1:31) When his wife goes into labor while he's on... Дата загрузки: 2018-05-18 Скачать документ Скачать текст 0.08/5 ... to hold. As the story goes, the man has a terrible dream..., but you take care it goes in under the natural break... the JH; the next, the K goes into the ninth space, and... the pack, be careful it goes in at a point more than... on top of these. He goes through the same procedure with... chosen card so that it goes on top of the diachylon... second card so that it goes on top of the first... if one is a magician he goes the gambler one better... will... the card so that it goes just underneath the key card...-to all appearances the card goes in reversed, really it coincides... turning it over as it goes, a very simple operation. Cut the... to get together, the spectator goes through the pack and so... card. Top card. The patter goes that by intuition you get... ignoring the K. When the total goes above thirteen, or is thirteen... 13 each time the total goes above that number. At the... out as the pack apparently goes into it. Now give an... this point so that one goes to the top, the other... 7H, is called for. Three goes into seven twice, so two... hand, as the right hand goes to the back, pull out... due to the switch it goes on to the pack which... the ninth single on which goes the first double, tenth single... bent. Now if the Joker goes in between two rough surfaces... total fourteen; but if it goes in between two smooth cards... bottom part of his packet goes on top of the crimp... really being careful that it goes in at the break. After... over. In case the spectator goes beyond that card, performer notes... on any card as it goes by,' and continue to count... coat pocket. The remaining 10S goes on the top of the... closing the case the flap goes between the-top card and... do, really an indifferent card goes into the box and the... its bottom card which thus goes on top of the first... face card's right edge only goes as far as the left... brought forward. Your right hand goes back for another card, straighten... pack, saying that the first A goes in near the top. Hold... new break remarking that it goes in a little above the middle... next two A's asserting that one goes in just below the middle... in the pack. Performer slowly goes through the pack and then...


text:
# Integration of X^2 exp(-aX^2) from 0 to infinity

#### Rachael_Victoria

Hey can someone tell me the value of the integral of X^2 exp (-aX^2) dx from zero to infinity. I have the general solution from a table of integrals but since the upper limit is infinity, I can't really plug these numbers in. Can't find it in a table of integrals anywhere? If anyone has the answer it would be really great as I could then continue on in my P-chem homework. I also know how to do this with integration by parts, but there is the whole catch of infinity as the upper limit, anything beyond doing integration is past my personal education and capabilities.
Thanks
Rachael

Related Introductory Physics Homework News on Phys.org

#### quasar987

Homework Helper
Gold Member
Well

$$\int_{a}^{\infty} = \lim_{M\rightarrow \infty}\int_{a}^{M}$$

So I guess you can use the result from your table and evaluate the limit.

#### ColdFusion85

You are correct in that you have to use Integration By Parts. However, since the upper limit is infinity, you have to use the method for solving infinite limits of integration. In your case, change the upper limit (infinity) to b , then solve the integral. Then you simply take the limit of the result as b goes to infinity (you will have an expression in terms of b since you replaced the upper limit by b). I haven't worked out the problem, but depending on the functions involved, the integral can either converge or diverge (i.e. it would diverge if you had something like lim as b goes to infinity of[1-cos(b)] ). I am guessing in your case if it is required to solve subsequent problems in your homework that it will converge. Hope that helps.

#### xanthym

Rachael_Victoria said:
Hey can someone tell me the value of the integral of X^2 exp (-aX^2) dx from zero to infinity. I have the general solution from a table of integrals but since the upper limit is infinity, I can't really plug these numbers in. Can't find it in a table of integrals anywhere? If anyone has the answer it would be really great as I could then continue on in my P-chem homework. I also know how to do this with integration by parts, but there is the whole catch of infinity as the upper limit, anything beyond doing integration is past my personal education and capabilities.
Thanks
Rachael
$$1: \ \ \ \ \int_{0}^{\infty} x^{2} \cdot \exp(-ax^{2}) \, dx \ \ = \ \ \frac{\sqrt{\pi}} {4 \cdot a^{3/2}}$$

~~

#### Rachael_Victoria

Cool thanks everyone.

### Physics Forums Values

We Value Quality
• Topics based on mainstream science
• Proper English grammar and spelling
We Value Civility
• Positive and compassionate attitudes
• Patience while debating
We Value Productivity
• Disciplined to remain on-topic
• Recognition of own weaknesses
• Solo and co-op problem solving

format: plain


text:
# zbMATH — the first resource for mathematics

On the non-uniqueness of an ideal of completely continuous operators for some classes of Banach spaces. (Russian) Zbl 0525.47032
##### MSC:
 47L10 Algebras of operators on Banach spaces and other topological linear spaces 47B06 Riesz operators; eigenvalue distributions; approximation numbers, $$s$$-numbers, Kolmogorov numbers, entropy numbers, etc. of operators
Full Text:


text:
# Regular language not accepted by DFA having at most three states

Describe a regular language that cannot be accepted by any DFA that has only three states.

I'm not really sure where to start on this and was wondering if someone could give me some tips or advice. I understand that the pumping lemma can be used to prove a language is not regular, but in this case, it should be a regular language. If anyone has any thoughts it would be appreciated.

-

The pumping lemma can be stated to take into account the number of states in the DFA. Every language $L$ accepted by a DFA with $p$ states satisfies the following pumping lemma:

Each word $w$ of length at least $p$ can be broken up as $w=xyz$, where $|xy| \leq p$ and $|y| \geq 1$, such that $xy^iz \in L$ for all $i \geq 0$.

You can use this characterization to prove that the language $\{0^p\}$ requires $p+1$ states.

Another method is to use the Myhill--Nerode theorem. Two words $x,y$ are inequivalent (with respect to some language $L$) if for some word $z$, either $xz \in L$ and $yz \notin L$ or the other way around. The Myhill--Nerode theorem states that if there are $p$ pairwise inequivalent words, then every DFA for $L$ has at least $p$ states. For the example $L = \{0^p\}$, you can find $p+1$ pairwise inequivalent words, namely $\epsilon,0,\ldots,0^p$.

-
yes z can be ^ empty, but I think you have typo in your quote. xy^i ∈ L should be xy^i z ∈ L – Grijesh Chauhan Mar 29 '14 at 5:44
Thanks, corrected. – Yuval Filmus Mar 29 '14 at 12:26

Yuval's answer is great. A simpler formulation of what he's described is that finite automata cannot count arbitrarily high, and the amount they can count to is bounded by the number states in the automata. More precisely, for an automata to count to $p$, it needs $p+1$ states (one state would be $0$).

This is, in essence, the entire idea behind the pumping lemma: if a string is really long, the finite automata must "forget" how high its counted and start all over again, allowing you to repeat a section over and over without it caring.

Therefore, any regular language that requires counting to 3 to validate a word in it, cannot be described by a finite automata of size 3.

Can you think of such a language? (Your professor may also expect you to prove this counting argument, though in my curriculum this understanding of the pumping lemma was taken for granted)

-
Nice answer: it explains a lot without giving away the solution to what looks like a homework exercise. Welcome to Computer Science! – David Richerby Feb 20 '14 at 9:26

There is an algorithm to minimize DFAs. Just pick a language which has a minimal DFA of 4 (or more) states. Anything that has a minimal length of 3 symbols will do, i.e., the language of the regular expression $a^3 a^*$, or (even simpler) $a^3$. To see why, take a peek at the proof of the pumping lemma for regular languages.

-

another idea, diagonalization! enumerate all 3-or-fewer-state DFAs, take the union of all of them, and then take the complement. this is a DFA by regular language operations closure. this could be constructed via an algorithm, but the question only asks for a description.

-
The language we obtain using your construction is $\emptyset$, which is trivially recognizable using one state. (Try to write a proof that the resulting language cannot be recognized by a DFA using 3 or fewer states and see what happens.) – D.W. Feb 22 '14 at 1:37
hmmm ok. correction/retouching/take2: need to construct the union out of all DFAs but altering/"flipping" each DFAs word symbol accepted in the $n$th position. how about that einstein? & thx for the hint/correction – vzn Feb 22 '14 at 3:55
On the other hand, there are finitely many DFAs with $n$ or fewer states, so they accept finitely many languages (if we fix an alphabet). Since there are infinitely many regular languages, some must require $n+1$ states. – Yuval Filmus Mar 29 '14 at 16:03
@Yuval right. think this idea can work but maybe dont have the details exactly right, details are tricky, would guess it might be somewhere in the literature but havent seen it – vzn Mar 29 '14 at 16:10


text:
# How do you solve 2(x-1) + 3= x -3(x+1)?

Mar 5, 2016

Distribute, Combine like terms, and get all the variables on one side and the numbers on the other.

#### Explanation:

First, you have to distribute the numbers outside of the parentheses to the numbers in the inside of the parentheses. After that, you can just combine like terms.
You should have an equation similar to this
$2 x + 1 = - 2 x - 3$
After that, you can just use operations to get the variables all on one side.
After that, your equation should look like this:
$4 x + 1 = - 3$
After that, get the numbers on the side OPPOSITE of where the variables are. Then, you should just simplify anything that should be simplified and write out your final answer.


text:
## A community for students. Sign up today

Here's the question you clicked on:

## anonymous one year ago Freshmen help please? Will medal and fan.

• This Question is Closed
1. anonymous

Wat u need

2. saucvi

What with?

3. anonymous

|dw:1444255638653:dw|

4. anonymous

What answer is the solution set in in simplest form?

5. anonymous

A) 3/2 B)5/2 C)8/3 D)5/3

6. anonymous

@saucvi @ivyfields98

7. Nnesha

cross multiply

8. anonymous

I never learned how to cross multiply.

9. Nnesha

alright well 3/1 is same as 3 $\huge\rm \frac{ 6x-1 }{ 5 }=3$ you can just move 5 to the right side and cross multiplication is |dw:1444248749264:dw|

10. anonymous

Oh.. so what about the x?

11. Nnesha

that was an example now cross multiply |dw:1444249119616:dw|

12. Nnesha

|dw:1444249196735:dw|

13. Nnesha

1(6x-1) is same as 6x-1 now solve 6x-1 = 5 times 3 6x-1=15 now solve for x move 1 to the right side.

#### Ask your own question

Sign Up
Find more explanations on OpenStudy
Privacy Policy


text:
### Tutorial Details

• Program: Adobe Illustrator
• Version: CS2 and later
• Difficulty: Intermediate
• Estimated Completion Time: 2.5 hours

### Step 1

Draw a perfect circle with the Ellipse Tool (L), by clicking once on the Artboard, and entering 8 inches in both the Width and Height fields. The stroke weight and color don't matter at this point.

### Step 2

With the circle selected, double-click the Scale Tool. Select Uniform, Enter 75%, and click Copy. With the new circle selected, scale and copy once again, this time entering 95%. Do this four more times, entering these values: 65%, 92%, 15% and 50%. The resulting concentric circles should look something like the image below.

### Step 3

Turn on Smart Guides (View > Smart Guides). Using the Line Segment Tool (\), draw a vertical line from the center of the circles to just beyond the top of the first inside ring. Hold down the Shift key to constrain the line to 90°. The Smart Guides will give you visual cues when you are on the center point, and when your line meets/intersects the circle's path.

### Step 4

With the line selected, go to Effect > Distort & Transform > Transform. Rotate the line 19 times, for a total of 20. Since 360 degrees (a circle) divided by 20 (the number of segments) is 18, enter 18° in the Angle field. Be sure to click the bottom center point on the Reference Point proxy, so the line will rotate from its bottom point. Check the Preview box to make sure it looks like the image below.

### Step 5

Go to Object > Expand Appearance. The result will be 20 individual lines, rotated around the center point. This is the basic structure of your dartboard.

Now it's time to color. Before that, though, make a copy of the dartboard outlines. First make a new Layer in the Layers panel. Select the paths, hold down Alt and drag the proxy (tiny colored square) up to the new layer to make a copy. Hide that layer for now.

### Step 6

Before coloring the dartboard, decide on a color palette for your illustration. I've used these swatches, which approximate the color scheme of a traditional dartboard. Create a new Color Group from the swatches by selecting them in the Swatches panel and clicking the New Color Group icon. You can also create a new Color Group from selected objects in your illustration. Click the Color Panel's flyout menu, choose New Color Group, then tick the Selected Artwork button.

### Step 7

Now select the dartboard structure. If the paths are stroked, change them to a fill and stroke of none. Choose the Live Paint Bucket Tool (K). You'll see three tiny color swatches above the paint bucket. By default, those swatches will be none, white and black. If your color group was selected beforehand, the swatches will be filled with those in the color group. So make sure you can see three of the colors you created previously.

### Step 8

Click within the dartboard outlines to convert them to a Live Paint Group. Now when you hover over each segment, a thick highlight line appears around the shape. Click once with the Paint Bucket to fill that shape with color. To switch to an adjacent color, press the left or right arrow key.

Continue filling each shape, or "face." TIP: For the red bull's-eye, you can drag the Paint Bucket across multiple faces to paint more than one at a time.

Your colored dartboard should look like the image below.

### Step 1

To make the wires that separate the colored fields on the dartboard, we'll first create a Graphic Style. Draw a short straight line. Give it a .5-point stroke and a color of 5% black. Select Round Cap in the Stroke panel (middle icon next to the Weight field).

### Step 2

Select the stroke, then from the Appearance panel, choose Add New Stroke.

Change the width of the bottom stroke to 2 points, and make its color 40% black (In CS4, these modifications can be made directly in the Appearance panel). Your double-stroked line should look like the image below

### Step 3

Drag the double-stroked line into the Graphic Styles panel to create the new style. If you like, you can double-click its thumbnail and give it a name.

### Step 4

Remember the copy of the dartboard outlines you made back in part 1? Show and select it, then click on the new Graphic Style to apply it to the lines.

### Step 5

We don't want the radial lines meeting in the center, where the bull's eye is, so take the Scissors Tool (C) and cut away the excess. Use the Direct Selection Tool (white arrow) to select and delete the extra bits.

### Step 6

You should now have one layer with the colored dartboard, and another layer containing the wire separators. The illustration should look like the image below.

Select all, then double-click the Rotate Tool. We want a black section to be centered vertically, so enter -9° (half the rotate angle used in Part I).

### Step 1

The numbers on a traditional dartboard are made of wire and appear to be bent by hand. You will be hard-pressed to find a font that will look just like a bent wire, but you can modify an existing font and apply the wire Graphic Style to it. Here I have used VAG Rounded, following these steps:

1. Convert type to outlines
2. Switch Stroke and Fill (Shift + X)
3. Apply the "Wire" Graphic Style
4. Cut path
5. Delete inside path
6. Tweak path with the Pen Tool

### Step 2

Making all the digits and arranging them on the dartboard is a tedious process. You can speed it up somewhat by typing the number sequence on a circular path. First, draw a circle. Click on the path with the Type on a Path Tool, and type this sequence, inserting a Tab stop between each one. Enter these numbers: 20, 1, 18, 4, 13, 6, 10, 15, 2, 17, 3, 19, 7, 16, 8, 11, 14, 9, 12, and 5. The Type on a Path Tool can be a bit tricky, but with a few tries, you'll get the hang of it.

Once the numbers are evenly spaced around your circle, you can scale it to fit the dartboard, then outline the characters, apply the Wire style, and tweak the paths as above. The illustration is almost done, and should now look like the image below.

### PART IV: Finishing Touches

Now just 5 more minutes to give your dartboard a finished look. Here are some suggestions: Scale down the outer wire ring slightly, so it appears that the numbers are attached to it. Use the Group Selection Tool (white arrow with a + sign) to select only the outer circle, then switch to the Selection Tool (V) to scale it. Add a drop Shadow to the wires to give them a bit of dimension.

Add a subtle gradient to the colored fields to give a sense of lighting. Also, add a drop shadow or blurred ellipse in back of the dartboard for an overall look of depth. The final illustration is below.

Subscribe to the Vectortuts+ RSS Feed to stay up to date with the latest vector tutorials and articles.


text:
We’ll use this page to keep track of what has happened each day in class. It won’t contain any of the nitty-gritty details, but will instead serve to summarize what has transpired each day.

## Week 1

• Monday, August 27: First day! The first few minutes of class were devoted to me attempting to learn names. I think I got them all! Next, I summarized what to expect from the course, toured the the course webpage, and summarized a few items on the syllabus. With the time we had left, we discussed Problem 1 from the Problem Collection. ZK, NZ, and WS volunteered to discuss their approaches to Problem 1.
• Wednesday, August 29: We had a great second day! After fielding a few questions about the syllabus and reminding students about the day-to-day structure, we divided the class up into 8 small groups, each tasked with discussing one of the homework problems. We had ST/JT, ER/JS, JJ/AP, RH presented their proposed solutions to Problems 2, 3, 5(b), and 5(c) respectively. We will wrap up Problems 4 and 5(a) on Friday.
• Friday, August 31: We spent the first 10-15 minutes discussing growth vs fixed mindset, grit, and productive failure. Next, we had GM, HO, WC, and JM present Problems 5(a), 6, 7, and 4, respectively. I think we will revisit Problem 4 (Sunny Day Juice Stand) to make sure everyone is up to speed and to see alternate approaches.

## Week 2

• Monday, September 3: Labor Day! No classes.
• Wednesday, September 5: We kicked off with some discussion of the upcoming quiz and then I revisited Problem 4 (Sunny Day Juice Stand). Next we had CB, CC, and BC present Problems 8, 9, and 11. We ran out of time for a thorough discussion of Problem 10, so we will come back to that one next week.
• Friday, September 7: The students took Quiz 1.

## Week 3

• Monday, September 10: After a little chit chat, we split the class up into 8 small groups, where each group was tasked with coming to consensus on two of the assigned problems. After some time, we had AP, SW, RH, and JJ present Problems 10, 12, 13, and 14, respectively. We didn't quite have enough time to do Problem 14 justice, so we will revisit this one next time.
• Wednesday, September 12: After handing back Quiz 1, I revisited Problems 4 and 14. Nex, we jumped into presentations. We had KW, KN, YF, JH, JJ, NZ, DH, SK, WC, and JM present Problems 15(a), 15(b), 15(c), 16, 17(a), 17(b), 17(c), 17(d), 17(e), and 18, respectively. Dang, we covered a lot.
• Friday, September 14: We had JH, KW, DH, CC, AP, and RH volunteer to present Problems 19(a), 19(b), 19(c), 20, 21, and 22, respectively.

## Week 4

• Monday, September 17: I'm not sure everyone was as entertained as I was today. I really enjoyed the conversation. We had CC/WC/YF, KN, ER/ZK, and HO/ZK present Problems 23, 24, 25, and 26, respectively. As expected, Problems 23 and 26 generated some passionate discussion.
• Wednesday, September 19: We devoted the first few minutes to making sure everyone was up to speed on the problems we were about to discuss. Then we briefly revisited Problem 26. Next, we split the class up into several small groups, each tasked with discussing two of the day's problems. After a few minutes, we had AS, YF, SK, and ST present Problems 29, 30(visual), 30(algebraic), and 27, respectively. With the few minutes we had left, I very quickly summarized Problem 28.
• Friday, September 21: The students took Quiz 2.

## Week 5

• Monday, September 24: We spent a few minutes revisiting Problem 28 and then we divided into small groups. We had SK/JJ, WC/YF, and CB present their proposed solutions to Problems 31, 32, and 33, respectively.
• Wednesday, September 26: Lots of cool stuff happened today. We had CB, HO, BC/ST, and NZ present Problems 34(algebraic), 34(visual), 35, and 36, respectivley. Typically, no one comes up with a solution for the visual proof for Problem 34, but HO pretty much had it. Also, rarely does anyone have a complete solution for Problem 36, but NZ nailed it.
• Friday, September 28: After handing back Quiz 2, we spent some time discussing solutions to Problems B1 and B2 from the quiz. Next, we had JS/WC and GC/ER present Problems 37 and 38, respectively. We ran out of time for Problem 39, so we will kick off with that one next time.

## Week 6

• Monday, October 1: We had GC/ZK/RH, JH, and HO/WC present Problems 39, 40, and 41, respectively.
• Wednesday, October 3: After revisiting Problem 39, NZ presented an alternative solution to Problem 41 and then we agreed that his solution could also be made to work for Problem 40. Next, we had JM and AS present Problems 42 and 43, respectively. With the few minutes we had left, we briefly discussed the next two problems.
• Friday, October 5: The students took Quiz 3.

## Week 7

• Monday, October 8: After some stories about mountain lions, bears, and lightning, we had AP/SK and JM present Problems 44 and 45, respectively.
• Wednesday, October 10: We had BC and KW/YF/CC present Problems 47 and 48. We didn't get to Problem 46, but we will come back to it on Friday.
• Friday, October 12: Another productive day. We had WS, JJ, BC, and JT present Problems 46, 49, 50, and 51, respectively.

## Week 8

• Monday, October 15: We divided the class up into six small groups and each group was tasked with writing up at least two of the problems that were due today. After about 15 minutes, we had YF/HO, CC, and AP present Problems 52, 53, and 54, respectively. Along the way, I presented an alternate solution to Problem 52 and discussed the two competing definitions of trapezoid.
• Wednesday, October 17: We had KN, ER, and CB present Problems 55, 56, and 57, respectively. The first two went fairly quickly and then we discussed Problem 57 for quite a while. I accidentally let the class go 10 minutes early. Oops.
• Friday, October 19: The students took Quiz 4.

## Week 9

• Monday, October 22: We had JS, JH, and DH present Problems 58, 59, and 60, respectively. All three problems were a team effort, but we got them done.
• Wednesday, October 24: After time for some groups to discuss problems, we had RH/AP, JS/NZ, and ZK present Problems 61, 62, and 63, respectively
• Friday, October 26: The students divided themselves into small groups and then spent several minutes discussing their proposed solutions to Problems 64-66. Next, we had CC and RH present Problems 64 and 65, respectively. After this GC presented an alternate solutions to both Problems 64 and 65. The rest of the class period was devoted to losing our minds about Problem 66. We heard from KW, AP, and SK concerning Problem 66. We will spend a few minutes at the beginning of Monday's class revisiting Problem 66.

## Week 10

• Monday, October 29: After revisiting Problem 66, we had BC, CB, KW, and KN/YF present Problems 67(a), 67(b), 68, and 69, respectively.
• Wednesday, October 31: We had ST, JT, JM, BC, NZ, JJ, CB, WC, and DH present Problem 70(a), Problem 70(b), Problem 71($1\times 3$), Problem 71($1\times 4$), Problem 71($1\times 5$), Problem 71($2\times 2$), Problem 71($2\times 3$), Problem 71($3\times 3$), and Problem 72, respectively.
• Friday, November 2: The students took Quiz 5.

## Week 11

• Monday, November 5: After dividing the class up into several small groups, we had ER, AS, and YF present Problems 73, 74, and 75, respectively. I was impressed with the quality of all three arguments.
• Wednesday, November 7: We split the class up into several groups and each group tried to come to consensus on as many of the homework problems as possible. We had KW/AP/JJ, KN/RH/JS, and BC/ST present Problems 76, 77, and 78, respectively.
• Friday, November 9: We started with JJ showing us an alternative approach to Problem 78. After that, we had JS, CC, CB, GC, and JH present Problems 79(a), 79(b), 79(c), 80, and 81, respectively.

## Week 12

• Monday, November 12: No class due to Veteran's Day.
• Wednesday, November 14: As we've been doing a lot lately, we split the class up into several small groups, where each group was tasked with coming to consensus about solutions for Problems 82-84. We had CB and RH present Problems 82 and 84, respectively. It appeared no one made much progress on Problem 83, so I sketched the argument at the end of class.
• Friday, November 16: The students took Quiz 6.

## Week 13

• Monday, November 19: After splitting up into groups, we had DH and JM present Problems 86 and 87, respectively. This was followed by a short discussion of the connection of these problems to the Monty Hall Problem. We wrapped up with a presentation by SK of Problem 85.
• Wednesday, November 21: Attendance wasn't too bad considering it was the day before Thanksgiving. We had JJ and YF/JJ/AP present Problems 88 and 89, respectively. We also got a start on Problem 90, but didn't quite wrap it up.
• Friday, November 23: No class due to Thanksgiving break.

## Week 14

• Monday, November 26: After revisiting Problem 90, we had BC present his proposed solution to Problem 91. We also had JS and RH each present their proposed solutions to a modified version of Problem 91.
• Wednesday, November 28: We had lots of good discussion today, but didn't cover much ground. We had ER and HO/WS/WC present their proposed solutions to Problems 92 and 93. We made good progress on a system for finding a solution for 92, but we sort of fizzled out towards the end. We ended up finding a function that satisfied the constraints, but we came up with it by guessing. There was lots of good discussion about Problem 93 (12 coins), but things got a little chaotic towards the end. We will revisit both of these next week if we have some spare time.
• Friday, November 30: The students took Quiz 7.

## Week 15

• Monday, December 3: After discussing the basics of induction, we revisited Problem 93 (which has nothing to do with induction). Next, we had ER present Problem 97, which was followed by some short presentations of the $n=2, 3, 4$ cases for Problem 96 by JH, AP, and SK, respectively.
• Wednesday, December 5: We started off with Problem 95. HO showed how we could circumnavigate my outline and get to the desired conclusion via a much easier approach! I had been hoping to find an easier way to do that problem for a few years now. Yay! Next, AS and ZK did a really nice job showcasing induction by presenting Problems 98 and 99, respectively.
• Friday, December 7: Last day! I'm miss this group of students. After some discussion of all the things we've accomplished this semester, we divided up into groups of size 2-4 and spread around the room to discuss Problem 100, 101, and 102. We had KN and JT/WS present Problems 100 and 102, respectively. I spent the final few minutes wrapping up Problem 102. Unfortunately, we ran out of time to discuss Problem 101.

# Dana C. Ernst

Mathematics & Teaching

Northern Arizona University
Flagstaff, AZ
Website
928.523.6852
Instagram
Strava
GitHub
arXiv
ResearchGate
Mendeley
Impact Story
ORCID


text:
# Transient Modeling and Linear Analysis of a Cantilever Beam

This example shows how to obtain a finite element model of a beam and calculate the response when subjected to an impulse force. For this example, consider a steel cantilever beam subject to a point load at the tip. Building the finite element model requires a Partial Differential Equation Toolbox license.

The damping model is basic viscous damping distributed uniformly through the volume of the beam. The steel beam is deformed by applying an external load of 100 N at the tip of the beam and then released. This example does not use any additional loading, so the displacement of the beam decreases as a function of time due to the damping. This example follows the three-step workflow:

1. Transient analysis of the beam model.

2. Extract sparse finite element matrices and construct the second-order sparse state-space model.

3. Perform linear analysis on the sparse second-order model.

### Transient Beam Model

Build a transient model and compute the impulse response.

First construct the beam and specify the Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and mass density of steel. Specify the tip of the beam using the `addVertex` property.

```gm = multicuboid(0.1,0.005,0.005); E = 210E9; nu = 0.3; rho = 7800; TipVertex = gm.addVertex('Coordinates',[0.05,0,0.005]); firstNF = 2639; Tfundamental = 2*pi/firstNF;```

Use `createpde` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox) to construct the transient model and generate the mesh using the `generateMesh` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox) command.

```transientModel = createpde('structural','transient-solid'); transientModel.Geometry = gm; msh = generateMesh(transientModel);```

Assign structural properties for the steel beam with the `structuralProperties` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox) command and fix one end using `structuralBC` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox).

```structuralProperties(transientModel,'YoungsModulus',E,'PoissonsRatio',nu,'MassDensity',rho); structuralBC(transientModel,'Face',5,'Constraint','fixed');```

Visualize the beam geometry using `pdegplot` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox).

```pdegplot(transientModel,'VertexLabels','on'); title('Beam model')```

Apply force on beam tip for 2% of fundamental period of oscillation (impulse) using `structuralBoundaryLoad` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox).

```Te = 0.02*Tfundamental; structuralBoundaryLoad(transientModel,'Vertex',TipVertex,... 'Force',[0;0;-100],'EndTime',Te);```

Set initial conditions for the transient beam model using `structuralIC` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox).

`structuralIC(transientModel,'Velocity',[0;0;0]);`

Compute the impulse response by solving the transient beam model.

```ncycles = 10; tsim = linspace(0,ncycles*Tfundamental,30*ncycles); R1 = solve(transientModel,tsim);```

Visualize the oscillations at the tip of the beam.

```plot(tsim,R1.Displacement.uz(TipVertex,:)) title('Vertical displacement of beam tip') legend('Transient model') xlabel('Time') ylabel('Displacement')```

The next step is to extract the sparse matrices from the finite element beam model.

### Sparse Model from the Transient Model

The first step to extract the `M`,`K`,`B`,`F` matrices from the finite element beam model to modulate the force to compute the `B` matrix. Use `assembleFEMatrices` (Partial Differential Equation Toolbox) to extract the sparse matrices for the second-order beam model.

```F1 = -100; structuralBoundaryLoad(transientModel,'Vertex',TipVertex,'Force',[0;0;F1]); state.time = 0; data1 = assembleFEMatrices(transientModel,'nullspace',state); F2 = 100; structuralBoundaryLoad(transientModel,'Vertex',TipVertex,'Force',[0;0;F2]); data2 = assembleFEMatrices(transientModel,'nullspace',state);```

The resultant model is defined by the following set of equations:

`$\begin{array}{l}M\underset{}{\overset{¨}{q}}+Kq=B*force\\ y=Fq\end{array}$`

```M = data1.M; K = data1.Kc;```

The `F` matrix consists of x, y and z displacements at the `TipVertex` node.

```N = size(msh.Nodes,2); F = data1.B; F = F(TipVertex+[0 N 2*N],:);```

Map the `B` matrix relating the force to the input.

`B = (data2.Fc-data1.Fc)/(F2-F1);`

Obtain the sparse model of the beam using `mechss`.

`sys = mechss(M,[],K,B,F(3,:));`

Use `spy` to visualize the sparsity of the mechss model `sys`.

`spy(sys)`

### Linear Analysis

Enable parallel computing and choose `'tfbdf3'` as the DAE solver.

```sys.SolverOptions.UseParallel = true; sys.SolverOptions.DAESolver = 'trbdf3';```

Use `bode` to compute the frequency response of this model.

```w = logspace(2,6,1000); bode(sys,w), grid```
```using parallel (mechss) ```
`title('Frequency response from force to tip vertical displacement')`

Next use `lsim` to compare the impulse response with the approximations obtained from the transient beam model. To limit error due to linear interpolation of force between samples, use a step size of `Te/5`. The force applied at the beam tip is $0<=t<=\mathrm{Te}$.

```h = Te/5; t = 0:h:ncycles*Tfundamental; u = zeros(size(t)); u(t<=Te) = -100; y = lsim(sys,u,t); plot(t,y,tsim,R1.Displacement.uz(TipVertex,:)) title('Comparison of full-model simulated response with transient model approximations') legend('Simulated model','Transient model') xlabel('Time') ylabel('Displacement')```

The transient model approximations match well with the full-model simulation using the TRBDF3 DAE solver.


text:
### Home > APCALC > Chapter 3 > Lesson 3.2.1 > Problem3-45

3-45.

At right is the graph of a function $f$ with tangent lines drawn at $x = −2, −1, 1,$ and $2$. $f ^\prime(0) = 0$. Use the slopes provided in the graph to write the slope function $f^\prime$. Also, write an equation for $f$. Homework Help ✎

First make a prediction about the shape of the slope graph. The original graph is a parabola. What will the slope graph look like?

Next, make a table showing $x$-values and their corresponding slopes. Be sure to include that when $x = 0$, the slope is $0$ (after all, look at the horizontal tangent line).

Use your table to find an equation of the slope function.


text:
# tex to xml conversion through xslt

I know latex, but new in xslt (learning now), I need to convert the tex to xml file through XSLT (one of my friend suggest, but i failed to convert). Please suggest or give example to convert the files (below is the MWE),

\documentclass{book}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Sample}

Sample Para text


text:
# Confused as to what constitutes a manifold?

1. Oct 9, 2012

### saminator910

I am having trouble getting a set definition of what constitutes a manifold for example ,

I have the real plane R^2, and the sphere
s = {(x,y,z)|(x,y,z)£R^2, x^2+y^2+z^2=1}
Note £, is meant to be "element of".
And I have a continuous function f mapping the real plane onto s such that
f:R^2-->S

Is S considered a manifold?, please tell why or why not and I really need some examples of manifolds, and how one defines its structure . Oh and I know whole courses are taught on this, but, I appreciate any response

2. Oct 10, 2012

### HallsofIvy

I have no idea how "(x, y, z)" can be in R2! Did you mean R3?
But there is NO continuous mapping of the real plane to a sphere.

However, it is still a manifold because you can find two mappings of the plane to a sphere such that each maps to all except one point, and they 'overlap' smoothly. For example, Set the sphere so that its "south pole" is at the on the plane and draw a line from its "north pole" to a point on the plane, the point where that line passes through the sphere being being the point that point on the plane is mapped to. That maps a point on the plane to every point on the sphere except the north pole. Set the sphere so that its north pole is at the origin and draw lines from the south pole to get the mapping that maps points on the plane to every point on the sphere except the south pole.

An "n dimensional manifold" is defined as a topological space, M, together with a collection of open sets in M, $\{U_i\}$ and a corresponding collection of functions, $\{\phi_i(p)\}$ such that $\{U_i\}$ "covers" M (every point in M is in at least one $U_i$, every $\phi_i$ maps $U_i$ one to one onto an open subset of Rn, and, if $U_i$ and $U_j$ has non-empty intersection, then $\phi_j(\phi_i^{-1})$ is a continuous function from Rn to R2.

3. Oct 10, 2012

### quasar987

There certainly are continuous surjective mappings R²-->S, but that is not the point of manifolds. To show that S is a (topological) manifold, you must find a collections of open sets Ui such that $\bigcup_iU_i=S$ as well as maps $f_i:U_i\rightarrow f(U_i)\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ which are
1) continuous
2) surjective (automatic)
3) injective
4) fi(Ui) open in R²
5) fi-1 continuous
In other words, the maps fi are homeomorphisms.

These maps fi which map subsets of S bijectively to subsets of R² must be thought of as assigning coordinates on S, so that with respect to one such map fi, it makes sense to talk about "the point of coordinate (x,y) in S" (assuming (x,y) belongs to fi(Ui)).

4. Oct 10, 2012

### mathwonk

if you don't move around much, it just looks like an open n- ball in euclidean space.

5. Oct 10, 2012

### Studiot

I'm glad this question was asked because my knowledge here has always been a bit hazy.

My maths dictionary has two definitions, the second of which is the one so far supplied here and comes from differential topology.

My dictionary's first definition is 'the collection of elements of a set' .

This first definition is less restrictive since the second implies that all such manifolds have infinite numbers of members.

6. Oct 10, 2012

### A. Bahat

Wouldn't 'the collection of elements of a set' just be a set? That doesn't sound like it has anything to do with manifolds.

7. Oct 10, 2012

### saminator910

So what has been said is really helpful, if I'm correct it is like mapping sets, such as the real plane, and their topologies , onto a structure like a sphere, and the sphere will now resemble at every point, a point of R^2. Now I realize that manifold wasn't completely correct but can anyone please define another manifold as an example, like one with a different structure, and sets?

8. Oct 10, 2012

### Studiot

I can see the idea is that if you want to do calculus on the set so you want a set, with a distance function, in which every point has a neighbourhood so you can define continuity and derivatives. Loosely you call such a set a (differentiable) manifold.

Other particular property restrictions might define other types of manifold.

9. Oct 10, 2012

### A. Bahat

There are really two ways of defining a manifold, which are easily shown to be equivalent but give useful differing perspectives.

One definition (the more concrete one) is as a topological space which is locally homeomorphic to Euclidean space, and you can put charts on in which are required to overlap continuously/differentiably/smoothly/analytically.

The other (more abstract one) is that a manifold is a locally ringed space with a structure sheaf locally isomorphic to the sheaf of continuous/differentiable/smooth/analytic functions on Euclidean space. That is, we are essentially saying a manifold is a set with certain functions specified on each open set, which we designate as the continuous/differentiable/smooth/analytic functions, and these determine the 'manifoldy' structure. This approach is analogous to how schemes are defined in algebraic geometry.

10. Oct 10, 2012

### Studiot

So what is an affine manifold in 3 space?

11. Oct 10, 2012

### A. Bahat

An affine manifold is one where the transition maps (i.e. change of coordinates) are not only smooth, but are actually affine maps, so a linear map followed by a translation.

12. Oct 10, 2012

### mathwonk

to give examples, consider a smooth mapping from R^n-->R^m with m ≤ n.

and assume the rank of the map is m at every preimage of 0. then the preimage of 0 is a manifold of dimension n-m.

its just like the fundamental theorem of linear algebra, wherein the preimage of 0 under a linear map R^n-->R^m of rank m, is a subspace of dimension n-m.

indeed in the setup above the preimage of 0 under the derivative of the map is the tangent space of the manifold

specifically, let f(x,y,z) = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - 1. then the preimage of zero is all points of the unit sphere,

and at any such point the differential (2x,2y,2z) is non zero, hence of rank 1. so the nullspace of the linear map (2x,2y,2z).( ) is the tangent plane to the sphere at (x,y,z). i.e. the tangent plane to the sphere at (x,y,z) can be considered as the set of vectors perpendicular to the radius vector (x,y,z).

13. Oct 11, 2012

### quasar987

14. Oct 11, 2012

### A. Bahat

In fact, we know that all of the compact, orientable 2-dimensional manifolds are diffeomorphic to some n-holed torus (with the sphere as the case n=0). This is the celebrated 'classification of closed surfaces'.

[The orientability condition isn't really necessary; we just need to add things like projective planes. But the orientable case is easier to visualize.]

15. Oct 11, 2012

### saminator910

Are there any quick, basic books you can recommend for someone interested more in the subject of differential topology/ manifolds, with a background in general topology/ calculus, but no linear algebra or advanced calculus(I am aware some books on the subject will teach all the linear algebra and advanced calculus needed).

16. Oct 11, 2012

### A. Bahat

What exactly do you mean by 'advanced calculus'? (I ask because different people can mean very different things by this phrase.) Also, you should learn linear algebra ASAP...

17. Oct 11, 2012

### saminator910

I know single variable, and I know the concepts of multivariate plus how to perform the basics, plus a little vector calculus. I think I may want to go into linear algebra next though. Do you think linear algebra is more useful than more advanced calculus is differential topology?

18. Oct 12, 2012

### A. Bahat

Let me put it this way: advanced calculus is basically using linear algebra to study the local properties of functions on Euclidean space, and differential topology is just the generalization of advanced calculus to manifolds. So without those two subjects, I wouldn't recommend trying to learn differential topology yet. (By all means read about it if it interests you! I'm just saying that you'll probably miss some things because you don't know the 'easier version', i.e. advanced calculus.)

19. Oct 12, 2012

### quasar987

Linear algebra is not very difficult to learn imo. I think the most useful results for diff. top. are:
i) a linear transformation is injective iff its kernel is 0
ii) a linear transformation is bijective iff its determinant is non 0
iii) the formalism of internal direct sums (what does it mean that a vector space splits as the direct sum of two of its subspaces?)
iv) the rank-nullity formula relating the dimension (aka rank) of the kernel to that of the image and domain space.
v) a linear transformation is entirely determined by its action on a basis.

20. Oct 12, 2012

### saminator910

So would you recommend first a study of linear algebra, and completion of my study of multivariate calculus before differential manifolds? Is a study of advanced calculus absolutely needed for differential topology? is vector calculus sufficient?