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# County Planning Database

A collection of data for demographics and housing from the Census planning database. Files are broken into counties, for San Diego and Los Angeles

sandiegodata.org-planning-tracts-9

## Documentation

The Planing Database is a Census product that combines a range of data from the American Community Survey and 2010 Decenial Census into a single file, with one row per census tract. This version of the file includes only tracts in San Diego County. The file is linked to ACS format geoids to identify tracts, so it can be easily linked to other tracts data. This data package includes links to two such files, one for San Diego communities, and one for tract geographics.

The planning database has about 450 columns. For full definitions of the columns, refer to the upstream documentation for the source file. In general, the column names in the documentation must be lowercased for use with the file in this data package.

## Use patterns

In Python, use metapack to open the data package.

import metapack as mp
pkg = mp.open_package('http://library.metatab.org/sandiegodata.org-planning-tracts-1.zip')

To display a simple map, link in the tract boundaries from the communities dataset and use the Geopandas .plot() function. The column argument names the column to use for coloring regions. Note that the column name is copied from the documentation with mixed case, then lowercased to index the dataset.

tracts = pkg.reference('communities').geoframe().set_index('geoid').fillna('')
df = tracts.join(cpdb)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, figsize=(15,10))
df.plot(ax=ax, column='pct_MLT_U10p_ACS_12_16'.lower())

After linking in the communities, you can also use the community id columns to group by city or community:

seniors = dfg.df.groupby('city_name').pop_65plus_acs_12_16.sum()

# Versions

1. First Release
2. Clean more currency columns

• Wrangler

## Packages

### Accessing Packages in Metapack

import metapack as mp
# ZIP Package
pkg = mp.open_package('http://library.metatab.org/sandiegodata.org-planning-tracts-9.zip')
# CSV Package
pkg = mp.open_package('http://library.metatab.org/sandiegodata.org-planning-tracts-9.csv')

resource = pkg.resource('resource_name') # Get a resource
df = resource.dataframe() # Create a pandas Dataframe
gdf = resource.geoframe() # Create a GeoPandas GeoDataFrame

## Data Dictionary

planning_db

### planning_db

Column NameData TypeDescription
geoidstringSubdivision of a County or statistically equivalent entity (0 to over 25,000 people per Tract with an average size of 4,200)
flagstringIf a tract contains only uninhabitable land, this variable is filled. Otherwise, this variable is blank.
land_areanumberLand area of geographical entity in square miles
aian_landintegerThe number of block groups in this tract that are located on any part of an American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian area
urbanized_area_pop_cen_2010integerPopulation living in a densely settled area containing 50,000 or more people
urban_cluster_pop_cen_2010integerPopulation living in a densely settled area containing 2,500 to 49,999 people
rural_pop_cen_2010integerPopulation living outside of an Urbanized Area or Urban Cluster
tot_population_cen_2010integerU.S. resident population includes everyone whose usual place of residence was in the tract at the time of the 2010 Census
tot_population_acs_12_16integerU.S. resident population includes everyone who meets the ACS residence rules in the tract at the time of the ACS interview
tot_population_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Total Population
males_cen_2010integerNumber of Males in 2010 Census Total Population
males_acs_12_16integerNumber of Males in ACS Total Population
males_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of Males
females_cen_2010integerNumber of Females in 2010 Census Total Population
females_acs_12_16integerNumber of Females in ACS Total Population
females_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of Females
pop_under_5_cen_2010integerNumber of persons under age 5 as of April 1, 2010
pop_under_5_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons under age 5 at the time of the ACS interview
pop_under_5_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons less than age 5
pop_5_17_cen_2010integerNumber of persons ages 5 to 17 as of April 1, 2010
pop_5_17_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons ages 5 to 17 at the time of the ACS interview
pop_5_17_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons ages 5 to 17
pop_18_24_cen_2010integerNumber of persons ages 18 to 24 as of April 1, 2010
pop_18_24_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons ages 18 to 24 at the time of the ACS interview
pop_18_24_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons ages 18 to 24
pop_25_44_cen_2010integerNumber of persons ages 25 to 44 as of April 1, 2010
pop_25_44_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons ages 25 to 44 at the time of the ACS interview
pop_25_44_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons ages 25 to 44
pop_45_64_cen_2010integerNumber of persons ages 45 to 64 as of April 1, 2010
pop_45_64_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons ages 45 to 64 at the time of the ACS interview
pop_45_64_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons ages 45 to 64
pop_65plus_cen_2010integerNumber of persons age 65 and over as of April 1, 2010
pop_65plus_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons age 65 and over at the time of the ACS interview
pop_65plus_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Persons ages 65 and over
tot_gq_cen_2010integerNumber of people living or staying in a group living arrangement owned by an entity providing housing to residents, who are usually unrelated, as of April 1, 2010
inst_gq_cen_2010integerNumber of those in group quarters primarily ineligible, unable, or unlikely to participate in labor force while residents. Institutional group quarters include correctional facilities for adults, juvenile facilities, nursing facilities, and other institutional facilities.
non_inst_gq_cen_2010integerNumber of those in group quarters primarily eligible, able, or likely to participate in labor force while residents. Noninstitutional group quarters include college/university student housing, military quarters, and other noninstitutional facilities.
hispanic_cen_2010integerNumber of people who identify as “Mexican”, “Puerto Rican”, “Cuban”, or “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin” in the 2010 Census population
hispanic_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who identify as “Mexican”, “Puerto Rican”, “Cuban”, or “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin” in the ACS population
hispanic_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Hispanic Origin Population
nh_white_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian in the 2010 Census population
nh_white_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian in the ACS population
nh_white_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic White only
nh_blk_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian in the 2010 Census population
nh_blk_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian in the ACS population
nh_blk_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic Black or African-American only
nh_aian_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central/South American Indian groups in the 2010 Census population
nh_aian_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central/South American Indian groups in the ACS population
nh_aian_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native only
nh_asian_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Asian Indian”, “Chinese”, “Filipino”, “Korean”, “Japanese”, “Vietnamese”, or “Other Asian” in the 2010 Census population
nh_asian_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Asian Indian”, “Chinese”, “Filipino”, “Korean”, “Japanese”, “Vietnamese”, or “Other Asian” in the ACS population
nh_asian_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic Asian only
nh_nhopi_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Native Hawaiian”, “Guamanian or Chamorro”, “Samoan”, or “Other Pacific Islander” in the 2010 Census population
nh_nhopi_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Native Hawaiian”, “Guamanian or Chamorro”, “Samoan”, or “Other Pacific Islander” in the ACS population
nh_nhopi_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander only
nh_sor_alone_cen_2010integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their race as other than “White”, “Hispanic”, “Black or African American”, “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Asian”, and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander” in the 2010 Census population
nh_sor_alone_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who indicate no Hispanic origin and their race as other than “White”, “Hispanic”, “Black or African American”, “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Asian”, and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander” in the ACS population
nh_sor_alone_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Non-Hispanic Some other Race only
pop_5yrs_over_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over at time of interview in the ACS population
pop_5yrs_over_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Population 5 years and over
othr_lang_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over at the time of interview that speak a language other than English at home in the ACS population, regardless of ability to speak English
othr_lang_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Population 5 years and over that speak a language other than English at home, regardless of ability to speak English
age5p_only_english_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over at the time of the interview that speak only English at home in the ACS
age5p_only_english_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Population 5 years and over that speak only English at home
age5p_spanish_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Spanish or Spanish Creole at home in the ACS. Examples include Ladino and Pachuco.
age5p_spanish_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Spanish or Spanish Creole at home
age5p_french_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak French at home in the ACS. Examples include Cajun and Patois.
age5p_french_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak French at home
age5p_german_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak German at home in the ACS. Examples include Luxembourgian.
age5p_german_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak German at home
age5p_russian_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Russian at home in the ACS
age5p_russian_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Russian at home
age5p_otheuro_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Indo-European language at home in the ACS. Examples include Albanian, Gaelic, Lithuanian, and Romanian.
age5p_otheuro_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Indo-European language at home
age5p_korean_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Korean at home in the ACS
age5p_korean_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Korean at home
age5p_chinese_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Chinese at home in the ACS. Examples include Cantonese, Formosan, and Mandarin.
age5p_chinese_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Chinese at home
age5p_vietnamese_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Vietnamese at home in the ACS
age5p_vietnamese_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Vietnamese at home
age5p_tagalog_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Tagalog at home in the ACS
age5p_tagalog_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Tagalog at home
age5p_othasian_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Asian language at home in the ACS. Examples include Turkish or Dravidian languages such as Malayalam, Telugu, and Tamil.
age5p_othasian_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Asian language at home
age5p_arabic_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Arabic at home in the ACS
age5p_arabic_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Arabic at home
age5p_othunsp_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other or unspecified language at home in the ACS. Examples include Syriac, Finnish, other languages of the Americas, or no reported language.
age5p_othunsp_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other or unspecified language at home
pop_25yrs_over_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 25 years and over at time of interview in the ACS population
pop_25yrs_over_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 25 years old and over
not_hs_grad_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 25 years and over at time of interview who are not high school graduates and have not received a diploma or the equivalent in the ACS population
not_hs_grad_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people 25 years old and over who are not high school graduates
college_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 25 years and over at the time of interview with a college degree or higher in the ACS population
college_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Persons 25 and over with a college degree or higher
pov_univ_acs_12_16integerNumber of people excluding institutionalized people, people in military group quarters, people in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years old in the ACS
pov_univ_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Population for whom poverty level is determined
prs_blw_pov_lev_acs_12_16integerNumber of people classified as below the poverty level given their total family or household income within the last year, family size, and family composition in the ACS population
prs_blw_pov_lev_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people classified as below the poverty level
one_health_ins_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who have one type of health insurance coverage, including public or private insurance, in the ACS population
one_health_ins_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who have one type of health insurance coverage
two_plus_health_ins_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who have two or more types of health insurance at the same time, in the ACS population
two_plus_health_ins_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who have two or more types of health insurance coverage
no_health_ins_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who have no health insurance coverage, public or private, in the ACS population
no_health_ins_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who have no health insurance coverage
civ_labor_16plus_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians ages 16 years and over at the time of the interview that are in the labor force in the ACS
civ_labor_16plus_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians 16 and over that are in the labor force
civ_emp_16plus_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians ages 16 years and over at the time of the interview that are employed in the ACS
civ_emp_16plus_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians 16 and over that are employed
civ_unemp_16plus_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians ages 16 years and over at the time of the interview that are unemployed in the ACS
civ_unemp_16plus_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians 16 and over that are unemployed
civ_labor_16_24_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 at the time of the interview who are in the labor force in the ACS
civ_labor_16_24_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of error of Number of civilians between the ages of 16 to 24 who are in the labor force
civ_emp_16_24_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 at the time of the interview who are employed in the ACS
civ_emp_16_24_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 16 to 24 who are employed
civ_unemp_16_24_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 at the time of the interview who are unemployed in the ACS
civ_unemp_16_24_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 16 to 24 who are unemployed
civ_labor_25_44_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 at the time of the interview who are in the labor force in the ACS
civ_labor_25_44_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 25 to 44 who are in the labor force
civ_emp_25_44_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 at the time of the interview who are employed in the ACS
civ_emp_25_44_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 25 to 44 who are employed
civ_unemp_25_44_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 at the time of the interview who are unemployed in the ACS
civ_unemp_25_44_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 25 to 44 who are unemployed
civ_labor_45_64_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 at the time of the interview who are in the labor force in the ACS
civ_labor_45_64_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 45 to 64 who are in the labor force
civ_emp_45_64_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 at the time of the interview who are employed in the ACS
civ_emp_45_64_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 45 to 64 who are employed
civ_unemp_45_64_acs_12_16integerNumber of civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 at the time of the interview who are unemployed in the ACS
civ_unemp_45_64_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of civilians aged 45 to 64 who are unemployed
civ_noninst_pop_acs_12_16integerTotal number of noninstitutionalized civilians in the population
civ_noninst_pop_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of total number of noninstitutionalized civilians in the population
pop_disabled_acs_12_16integerNumber of persons who have one or more disabilities in the ACS population
pop_disabled_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of persons who have one or more disabilities in the ACS population
pop_1yr_over_acs_12_16integerNumber of people ages 1 year and over at time of interview in the ACS population
pop_1yr_over_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of people 1 year old and over
diff_hu_1yr_ago_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who moved from another residence in the U.S. or Puerto Rico within the last year in the ACS population
diff_hu_1yr_ago_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Different house one year ago
born_us_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who are citizens of the United States at birth in the ACS. This includes respondents who said that they were born in the United States, Puerto Rico, a US Island Area (such as Guam), or abroad of American (US citizen) parent or parents.
born_us_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who are US citizens at birth
born_foreign_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who were not a citizen of the United States at birth. This includes respondents who indicated that they were a US citizen by naturalization or not a US citizen.
born_foreign_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who were not US citizens at birth
us_cit_nat_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who are citizens of the United States through naturalization in the ACS
us_cit_nat_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who are US citizens through naturalization
non_us_cit_acs_12_16integerNumber of people who are not citizens of the United States in the ACS
non_us_cit_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of people who are not US citizens
eng_vw_span_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where a Spanish or Spanish Creole language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_span_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Spanish-No one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_indo_euro_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where an Indo-European language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_indo_euro_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of INDO EURO -No one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_api_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where an Asian and Pacific Island language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_api_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of API-No one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_other_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where a language other than English, Spanish, Indo-Euro, or API was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_other_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of OTH-No one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
eng_vw_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of No one 14 and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
rel_family_hhd_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households where at least 2 members are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included
rel_family_hhd_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where at least 2 members are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included
rel_family_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Related family households
mrdcple_fmly_hhd_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households in which the householder and his or her spouse are listed as members of the same household; does not include same-sex married couples
mrdcple_fmly_hhd_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households in which the householder and his or her spouse are listed as members of the same household; does not include same-sex married couples
mrdcple_fmly_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Married-Couple Family
not_mrdcple_hhd_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households with no spousal relationship present
not_mrdcple_hhd_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households with no spousal relationship present
not_mrdcple_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of ACS households with no spousal relationship present
female_no_hb_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households with a female householder and no husband of householder present
female_no_hb_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households with a female householder and no husband of householder present
female_no_hb_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Female householder, no husband present
nonfamily_hhd_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households where a householder lives alone or with nonrelatives only; includes same-sex couples where no relatives of the householder are present
nonfamily_hhd_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where a householder lives alone or with nonrelatives only; includes same-sex couples where no relatives of the householder are present
nonfamily_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Nonfamily household: Unrelated households
sngl_prns_hhd_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households where a householder lives alone
sngl_prns_hhd_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where a householder lives alone
sngl_prns_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Single person householder living alone
hhd_ppl_und_18_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census households where one or more people are ages 18 years or under
hhd_ppl_und_18_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where one or more people are ages 18 years or under
hhd_ppl_und_18_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Households with one or more people under 18 years
tot_prns_in_hhd_cen_2010integerAll persons (household population) in 2010 Census occupied housing unit. This is the numerator to calculate the average household size.
tot_prns_in_hhd_acs_12_16integerAll persons (household population) in ACS occupied housing unit. This is the numerator to calculate the average household size.
tot_prns_in_hhd_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Total Persons in households
rel_child_under_6_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census families with related children under 6 years old
rel_child_under_6_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS families with related children under 6 years old
rel_child_under_6_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of families with related children under 6 years old
hhd_moved_in_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households where the householder moved into the current unit in the year 2010 or later
hhd_moved_in_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Number of households where the householder moved into the current unit in the year 2010 or later
pub_asst_inc_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS households that receive public assistance income (general assistance and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families)
pub_asst_inc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of With Public Assistance Income
med_hhd_inc_acs_12_16integerMedian ACS household income for the tract
med_hhd_inc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error of Med household income for the tract
aggregate_hh_inc_acs_12_16integerSum of all incomes in the household
aggregate_hh_inc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Aggregate household income
tot_housing_units_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census living quarters in which the occupant(s) live separately from any other individuals in the building and have direct access
tot_housing_units_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS living quarters in which the occupant(s) live separately from any other individuals in the building and have direct access
tot_housing_units_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Total Housing Units
tot_occp_units_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census housing units classified as usual place of residence of the individual or group living in it
tot_occp_units_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units classified as usual place of residence of the individual or group living in it
tot_occp_units_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Total Occupied Housing Units
tot_vacant_units_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census housing units with no regular occupants on Census Day; housing units with its usual occupants temporarily away (such as on vacation, a business trip, or in the hospital) are not considered vacant, but housing units temporarily occupied on Census Day by people who have a usual residence elsewhere are considered vacant
tot_vacant_units_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units where no one is living regularly at the time of interview; units occupied at the time of interview entirely by persons who are staying two months or less and who have a more permanent residence elsewhere are classified as vacant
tot_vacant_units_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Total vacant housing units
renter_occp_hu_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census occupied housing units that are not owner occupied, whether they are rented or occupied without payment of rent
renter_occp_hu_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS occupied housing units that are not owner occupied, whether they are rented or occupied without payment of rent
renter_occp_hu_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of renter occupied units
owner_occp_hu_cen_2010integerNumber of 2010 Census housing units where owner or co-owner lives in it
owner_occp_hu_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units where owner or co-owner lives in it
owner_occp_hu_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of owner occuped units
single_unit_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units in which the structure contains only that single unit
single_unit_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of units in structures containing only 1 housing unit
mlt_u2_9_strc_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units in which the structure contains two or more housing units
mlt_u2_9_strc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of units in structures containing two or more housing units
mlt_u10p_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units in which the structure contains 10 or more housing units
mlt_u10p_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of units in structures containing 10 or more housing units
mobile_homes_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units that are considered mobile homes
mobile_homes_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Mobile Homes
crowd_occp_u_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS occupied housing units with more than 1.01 persons per room
crowd_occp_u_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Occupied units with more than 1.01 persons per room
occp_u_no_ph_srvc_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units without a working telephone and available service
occp_u_no_ph_srvc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Number of units without a telephone
no_plumb_acs_12_16integerNumber of ACS housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities
no_plumb_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for housing units lacking complete plumbing facilities
recent_built_hu_acs_12_16integerNumber of both occupied and vacant ACS housing units whose building was constructed in 2010 or later
recent_built_hu_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for HUs built 2010 or later
med_house_value_acs_12_16integerMedian of ACS respondents’ house value estimates for the tract
med_house_value_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Med House value for the tract
aggr_house_value_acs_12_16integerSum of all value estimates for owner-occupied ACS housing units in an area
aggr_house_value_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of Error for Aggregate value in dollars
mailback_area_count_cen_2010integerTotal number of addresses at the start of 2010 Census operations where a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return to Census. These include addresses in Mailout/Mailback areas (street address available for postal delivery) and addresses in Update/Leave enumeration areas (areas without mailboxes for individual address units). Note: Some of the addresses included in this variable’s count were removed from the 2010 Census Universe as a result of actions in subsequent Census operations. For example, an address may have been deleted because it was determined to not correspond to a valid housing unit, or an address may have been added through the BeCounted program. Therefore, this variable represents the universe of addresses at the start of the 2010 Census, and may not be equal to the number of addresses in the final census count.
tea_mail_out_mail_back_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a Mailout/Mailback type of enumeration area in the 2010 Census. These are addresses that received a census form in the mail and occupants were instructed to complete and mail it back.
tea_update_leave_cen_2010stringNumber of addresses in an Update/Leave type of enumeration area in the 2010 Census. These are addresses where a census form was hand-delivered and occupants were instructed to complete and mail it back.
census_mail_returns_cen_2010integerNumber of completed 2010 Census mail forms received from addresses in a mailback type of enumeration area (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas)
vacants_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area that were confirmed as vacant housing units (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas)
deletes_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area deleted because it was determined to not correspond to a valid housing unit (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas)
census_uaa_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a 2010 Census Mailout/Mailback area where the initial mail form was returned to the Census with the postal code “Undeliverable as Addressed”
valid_mailback_count_cen_2010integerTotal number of addresses at the start of 2010 Census operations where a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return to Census minus the number of vacant addresses, the number of deleted addresses, and the number of addresses where the initial mail form was returned to the Census with the postal code “Undeliverable as Addressed.” Denominator for the mail return rate.
frst_frms_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a 2010 Census Mailout/Mailback area where the first form mailed was completed and returned
rplcmnt_frms_cen_2010integerNumber of addresses in a 2010 Census Mailout/Mailback area where the replacement form was completed and returned
bilq_mailout_count_cen_2010stringNumber of addresses that received the 2010 Census English/Spanish bilingual Mailout/Mailback form
bilq_frms_cen_2010stringNumber of addresses that completed and returned the 2010 Census English/Spanish bilingual Mailout/Mailback form
mail_return_rate_cen_2010numberThe number of mail returns received out of the total number of valid occupied housing units (HUs) in the Mailout/Mailback universe which excludes deleted, vacant, or units identified as undeliverable as addressed. Therefore, variable 294 can be less than variable 287 because of these exclusions. A small number of tracts contain only HUs that do not meet the requirement to be considered a valid, occupied HU. This variable will have a missing value for these tracts.
low_response_scorenumberA score predicting that a block group will produce a low mail return rate. This score is negatively associated with Mail Return Rate CEN 2010.
pct_urbanized_area_pop_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that lives in a densely settled area containing 50,000 or more people
pct_urban_cluster_pop_cen_2010integerThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that lives in a densely settled area containing 2,500 to 49,999 people
pct_rural_pop_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that lives outside of an Urbanized Area or Urban Cluster
pct_males_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is male
pct_males_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is male
pct_males_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is male
pct_females_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is female
pct_females_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is female
pct_females_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is female
pct_pop_under_5_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is under five years old
pct_pop_under_5_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is under five years old
pct_pop_under_5_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is under five years old
pct_pop_5_17_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is between 5 and 17 years old
pct_pop_5_17_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is between 5 and 17 years old
pct_pop_5_17_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is between 5 and 17 years old
pct_pop_18_24_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is between 18 and 24 years old
pct_pop_18_24_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is between 18 and 24 years old
pct_pop_18_24_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is between 18 and 24 years old
pct_pop_25_44_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is between 25 and 44 years old
pct_pop_25_44_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is between 25 and 44 years old
pct_pop_25_44_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is between 25 and 44 years old
pct_pop_45_64_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is between 45 and 64 years old
pct_pop_45_64_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is between 45 and 64 years old
pct_pop_45_64_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is between 45 and 64 years old
pct_pop_65plus_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that is 65 years old or over
pct_pop_65plus_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that is 65 years old or over
pct_pop_65plus_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that is 65 years old or over
pct_tot_gq_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census population living or staying in a group living arrangement owned by an entity providing housing to residents, who are usually unrelated, as of April 1, 2010
pct_inst_gq_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census population who live in group quarters and are primarily ineligible, unable, or unlikely to participate in labor force while residents. Institutional group quarters include correctional facilities for adults, juvenile facilities, nursing facilities, and other institutional facilities.
pct_non_inst_gq_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census population who live in group quarters and are primarily eligible, able, or likely to participate in labor force while residents. Noninstitutional group quarters include college/university student housing, military quarters, and other noninstitutional facilities.
pct_hispanic_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that identify as “Mexican”, “Puerto Rican”, “Cuban”, or “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin”
pct_hispanic_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that identify as “Mexican”, “Puerto Rican”, “Cuban”, or “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin”
pct_hispanic_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that identify as “Mexican”, “Puerto Rican”, “Cuban”, or “another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin”
pct_nh_white_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian
pct_nh_white_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian
pct_nh_white_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “White” or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian
pct_nh_blk_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian
pct_nh_blk_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian
pct_nh_blk_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Black, African Am., or Negro” or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian
pct_nh_aian_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central/South American Indian groups
pct_nh_aian_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central/South American Indian groups
pct_nh_aian_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “American Indian or Alaska Native” or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central/South American Indian groups
pct_nh_asian_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Asian Indian”, “Chinese”, “Filipino”, “Korean”, “Japanese”, “Vietnamese”, or “Other Asian”
pct_nh_asian_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Asian Indian”, “Chinese”, “Filipino”, “Korean”, “Japanese”, “Vietnamese”, or “Other Asian”
pct_nh_asian_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Asian Indian”, “Chinese”, “Filipino”, “Korean”, “Japanese”, “Vietnamese”, or “Other Asian”
pct_nh_nhopi_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Native Hawaiian”, “Guamanian or Chamorro”, “Samoan”, or “Other Pacific Islander”
pct_nh_nhopi_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Native Hawaiian”, “Guamanian or Chamorro”, “Samoan”, or “Other Pacific Islander”
pct_nh_nhopi_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their only race as “Native Hawaiian”, “Guamanian or Chamorro”, “Samoan”, or “Other Pacific Islander”
pct_nh_sor_alone_cen_2010numberThe percentage of the 2010 Census total population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their race as other than “White”, “Hispanic”, “Black or African American”, “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Asian”, and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander”
pct_nh_sor_alone_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their race as other than “White”, “Hispanic”, “Black or African American”, “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Asian”, and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander”
pct_nh_sor_alone_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population that indicate no Hispanic origin and their race as other than “White”, “Hispanic”, “Black or African American”, “American Indian or Alaska Native”, “Asian”, and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander”
pct_pop_5yrs_over_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are ages 5 years and over at time of interview
pct_pop_5yrs_over_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population who are ages 5 years and over at time of interview
pct_othr_lang_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population aged 5 years and over that speaks a language other than English at home
pct_othr_lang_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population aged 5 years and over that speaks a language other than English at home
pct_age5p_only_eng_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over at the time of the interview that speak only English at home
pct_age5p_only_eng_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over that speak only English at home
pct_age5p_spanish_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Spanish or Spanish Creole at home. Examples include Ladino and Pachuco.
pct_age5p_spanish_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Spanish or Spanish Creole at home
pct_age5p_french_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak French at home. Examples include Cajun and Patois.
pct_age5p_french_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak French at home
pct_age5p_german_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak German at home. Examples include Luxembourgian.
pct_age5p_german_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak German at home
pct_age5p_russian_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Russian at home
pct_age5p_russian_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Russian at home
pct_age5p_otheuro_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Indo-European language at home. Examples include Albanian, Gaelic, Lithuanian, and Romanian.
pct_age5p_otheuro_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Indo-European language at home
pct_age5p_korean_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Korean at home
pct_age5p_korean_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Korean at home
pct_age5p_chinese_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Chinese at home. Examples include Cantonese,
pct_age5p_chinese_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Chinese at home
pct_age5p_vietnames_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Vietnamese at home
pct_age5p_vietnames_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Vietnamese at home
pct_age5p_tagalog_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Tagalog at home
pct_age5p_tagalog_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Tagalog at home
pct_age5p_othasian_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Asian language at home. Examples include Turkish or Dravidian languages such as Malayalam, Telugu, and Tamil.
pct_age5p_othasian_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other Asian language at home
pct_age5p_arabic_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Arabic at home
pct_age5p_arabic_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak Arabic at home
pct_age5p_othunsp_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other or unspecified language at home. Examples include Syriac, Finnish, other languages of the Americas, or no reported language.
pct_age5p_othunsp_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population ages 5 years and over who speak English less than “very well” and speak some other or unspecified language at home
pct_pop_25yrs_over_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are ages 25 years and over at time of interview
pct_pop_25yrs_over_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population who are ages 25 years and over at time of interview
pct_not_hs_grad_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population aged 25 years and over that are not high school graduates and have not received a diploma or the equivalent
pct_not_hs_grad_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population aged 25 years and over that are not high school graduates
pct_college_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population aged 25 years and over that have a college degree or higher
pct_college_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population aged 25 years and over that have a college degree or higher
pct_pov_univ_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that are not institutionalized people, people in military group quarters, people in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years old
pct_pov_univ_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error for the percentage of the ACS population that are not institutionalized people, people in military group quarters, people in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under 15 years old
pct_prs_blw_pov_lev_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS eligible population that are classified as below the poverty level given their total family or household income within the last year, family size, and family composition
pct_prs_blw_pov_lev_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error of the percentage of the ACS eligible population that are classified as below the poverty level
pct_one_health_ins_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that have one type of health insurance coverage, including public or private
pct_one_health_ins_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error of the percentage of the ACS population that have one type of health insurance
pct_twophealthins_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that have two or more types of health insurance
pct_twophealthins_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error of the percentage of the ACS population that have two or more types of health insurance
pct_no_health_ins_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population that have no health insurance, public or private
pct_no_health_ins_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error of the percentage of the ACS population that have no health insurance
pct_civ_emp_16p_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians ages 16 years and over in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_emp_16p_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians ages 16 years and over in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_unemp_16p_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians ages 16 years and over in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_unemp_16p_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians ages 16 years and over in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_emp_16_24_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_emp_16_24_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_unemp_16_24_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_unemp_16_24_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 16 and 24 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_emp_25_44_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_emp_25_44_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_unemp_25_44_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_unemp_25_44_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 25 and 44 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_emp_45_64_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_emp_45_64_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 in the labor force that are employed
pct_civ_unemp_45_64_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_civ_unemp_45_64_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of civilians between the ages of 45 and 64 in the labor force that are unemployed
pct_pop_disabled_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who have one or more disabilities.
pct_pop_disabled_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population who have one or more disabilities.
pct_pop_1yr_over_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are ages 1 year and over at time of interview
pct_pop_1yr_over_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the ACS population who are ages 1 year and over at time of interview
pct_diff_hu_1yr_ago_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population aged 1 year and over that moved from another residence in the U.S. or Puerto Rico within the last year
pct_diff_hu_1yr_ago_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of Error of the percentage of the ACS population aged 1 year and over that moved from another residence in the U.S. or Puerto Rico within the last year
pct_born_us_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are citizens of the United States at birth in the ACS. This includes respondents who said that they were born in the United States, Puerto Rico, a US Island Area (such as Guam), or abroad of American (US citizen) parent or parents.
pct_born_us_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the population who are US citizens at birth
pct_born_foreign_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who were not a citizen of the United States at birth. This includes respondents who indicated that they were a US citizen by naturalization or not a US citizen.
pct_born_foreign_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the population who are not US citizens at birth
pct_us_cit_nat_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are citizens of the United States through naturalization
pct_us_cit_nat_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the population who are US citizens through naturalization
pct_non_us_cit_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of the ACS population who are not citizens of the United States
pct_non_us_cit_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of the population who are not US citizens
pct_eng_vw_span_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a Spanish or Spanish Creole language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_span_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a Spanish or Spanish Creole language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_indoeuro_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where an Indo-European language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_indoeuro_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where an Indo-European language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_api_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where an Asian and Pacific Island language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_api_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where an Asian and Pacific Island language was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_other_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a language other than English, Spanish, Indo-Euro, or API was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_other_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a language other than English, Spanish, Indo-Euro, or API was assigned as the household language and no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_eng_vw_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where no one ages 14 years and over speaks English only or speaks English “very well”
pct_rel_family_hhd_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where at least 2 members are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included
pct_rel_family_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where at least 2 members are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included
pct_rel_family_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where at least 2 members are related by birth, marriage, or adoption
pct_mrdcple_hhd_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where the householder and his or her spouse are listed as members of the same household; does not include same-sex married couples
pct_mrdcple_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where the householder and his or her spouse are listed as members of the same household; does not include same-sex married couples
pct_mrdcple_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where the householder and his or her spouse are listed as members of the same household
pct_not_mrdcple_hhd_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where no spousal relationship is present
pct_not_mrdcple_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units with no spousal relationship present
pct_not_mrdcple_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units with no spousal relationship present
pct_female_no_hb_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units with a female householder and no husband of householder present
pct_female_no_hb_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units with a female householder and no husband of householder present
pct_female_no_hb_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units with a female householder and no husband of householder present
pct_nonfamily_hhd_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where a householder lives alone or with nonrelatives only; includes same-sex couples where no relatives of the householder are present
pct_nonfamily_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a householder lives alone or with nonrelatives only; includes same-sex couples where no relatives of the householder are present
pct_nonfamily_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a householder lives alone or with nonrelatives only
pct_sngl_prns_hhd_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where a householder lives alone
pct_sngl_prns_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a householder lives alone
pct_sngl_prns_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where a householder lives alone
pct_hhd_ppl_und_18_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census occupied housing units where one or more people are ages 18 years or under
pct_hhd_ppl_und_18_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where one or more people are ages 18 years or under
pct_hhd_ppl_und_18_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where one or more people are ages 18 years or under
avg_tot_prns_in_hhd_cen_2010numberThe average number of persons per 2010 Census occupied housing unit. This was calculated by dividing the total household population in the 2010 Census by the total number of occupied housing units in the 2010 Census.
avg_tot_prns_in_hhd_acs_12_16numberThe average number of persons per ACS occupied housing unit. This was calculated by dividing the total household population in the ACS by the total number of occupied housing units in the ACS.
avg_tot_prns_in_hhd_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the average number of persons per ACS occupied housing unit
pct_rel_under_6_cen_2010numberThe percentage of 2010 Census family-occupied housing units with a related child under 6 years old; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included in the denominator
pct_rel_under_6_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of 2010 ACS family-occupied housing units with a related child under 6 years old; same-sex couple households with no relatives of the householder present are not included in the denominator
pct_rel_under_6_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of 2010 ACS family-occupied housing units with a related child under 6 years old
pct_hhd_moved_in_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where the householder moved into the current unit in the year 2010 or later
pct_hhd_moved_in_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of the percentage of all ACS occupied housing units where the householder moved into the current unit in the year 2010 or later
pct_pub_asst_inc_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS occupied housing units that receive public assistance income (general assistance and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families)
pct_pub_asst_inc_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error of percentage of all ACS occupied housing units that receive public assistance income
avg_agg_hh_inc_acs_12_16integerThe average aggregated household income of all ACS occupied housing units.
avg_agg_hh_inc_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of error for the average aggregated household income of all ACS occupied housing units.
pct_tot_occp_units_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census housing units that are classified as the usual place of residence of the individual or group living in it
pct_tot_occp_units_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are classified as the usual place of residence of the individual or group living in it
pct_tot_occp_units_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that are classified as the usual place of residence of the individual or group living in it
pct_vacant_units_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all 2010 Census housing units that have no regular occupants on Census Day; housing units with its usual occupants temporarily away (such as on vacation, a business trip, or in the hospital) are not considered vacant, but housing units temporarily occupied on Census Day by people who have a usual residence elsewhere are considered vacant
pct_vacant_units_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units where no one is living regularly at the time of interview; units occupied at the time of interview entirely by persons who are staying two months or less and who have a more permanent residence elsewhere are classified as vacant
pct_vacant_units_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units where no one is living regularly at the time of interview
pct_renter_occp_hu_cen_2010numberThe percentage of 2010 Census occupied housing units that are not owner occupied, whether they are rented or occupied without payment of rent
pct_renter_occp_hu_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS occupied housing units that are not owner occupied, whether they are rented or occupied without payment of rent
pct_renter_occp_hu_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of ACS occupied housing units that are not owner occupied
pct_owner_occp_hu_cen_2010numberThe percentage of 2010 Census occupied housing units with an owner or co-owner living in it
pct_owner_occp_hu_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS occupied housing units with an owner or co-owner living in it
pct_owner_occp_hu_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the ACS occupied housing units with an owner or co-owner living in it
pct_single_unit_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains only that single unit
pct_single_unit_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains only that single unit
pct_mlt_u2_9_strc_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains two to nine housing units
pct_mlt_u2_9_strc_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains two to nine housing units
pct_mlt_u10p_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains 10 or more housing units
pct_mlt_u10p_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a structure that contains 10 or more housing units
pct_mobile_homes_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are considered mobile homes
pct_mobile_homes_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that are considered mobile homes
pct_crowd_occp_u_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS occupied housing units that have more than 1.01 persons per room
pct_crowd_occp_u_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of ACS occupied housing units that have more than 1.01 persons per room
pct_no_ph_srvc_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of ACS occupied housing units that do not have a working telephone and available service
pct_no_ph_srvc_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of ACS occupied housing units that do not have a working telephone and available service
pct_no_plumb_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that do not have complete plumbing facilities
pct_no_plumb_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for the percentage of all ACS housing units that do not have complete plumbing facilities
pct_recent_built_hu_acs_12_16numberThe percentage of all ACS housing units that are in a building that was constructed in 2010 or later
pct_recent_built_hu_acsmoe_12_16numberMargin of error for all ACS housing units that are in a building that was constructed in 2010 or later
avg_agg_house_value_acs_12_16integerAverage aggregated value in dollars for ACS occupied housing units.
avg_agg_house_value_acsmoe_12_16integerMargin of error for average aggregated value in dollars for ACS occupied housing units.
pct_tea_mailoutmailback_cen_2010numberThe percentage of addresses from which a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return that were in a Mailout/Mailback type of enumeration area in the 2010 Census. These are addresses that received a census form in the mail and occupants were instructed to complete and mail it back.
pct_tea_update_leave_cen_2010stringThe percentage of addresses from which a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return that were in an Update/Leave type of enumeration area in the 2010 Census. These are addresses where a census form was hand-delivered and occupants were instructed to complete and mail it back.
pct_census_mail_returns_cen_2010numberThe completed 2010 Census mail forms received from addresses in a mailback type of enumeration area (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas) out of all addresses from which a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return
pct_vacants_cen_2010numberThe percentage of addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area that were confirmed as vacant housing units (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas)
pct_deletes_cen_2010numberThe percentage of addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area deleted because it was determined to not correspond to a valid housing unit (Mailout/Mailback and Update/Leave areas)
pct_census_uaa_cen_2010numberThe percentage of addresses in a 2010 Census Mailout/Mailback area where the initial mail form was returned to the Census with the postal code “Undeliverable as Addressed”
pct_mailback_count_cen_2010numberThe total number of addresses at the start of 2010 Census operations where a Census form was expected to be delivered for mail return to Census minus the number of vacant addresses, the number of deleted addresses, and the number of addresses where the initial mail form was returned to the Census with the postal code “Undeliverable as Addressed,” all divided by the number of addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area
pct_frst_frms_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area for which the first Mailout/Mailback form mailed was completed and returned
pct_rplcmnt_frms_cen_2010numberThe percentage of all addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area for which the replacement Mailout/Mailback form mailed was completed and returned
pct_bilq_mailout_count_cen_2010stringThe percentage of all addresses in a 2010 Census mailback area that received the 2010 Census English/Spanish bilingual Mailout/Mailback form

## References

Urls used in the creation of this data package.

• census_planning_database. Source file for the planning database.


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# The difference between simple interest and

The difference between simple and compound interests compounded annually on a certain sum of money for 2 years at 4% per annum is re 1 the sum (in rs) is: a. Distinguish, differentiate, compare and explain what is the main difference between simple interest and compound interest in maths comparison and differences. By maire loughran what's the difference between simple and compound interest, anyway it's important to have at least a basic understanding of how a company or bank determines the interest rate you earn on your money on deposit.

With simple interest, interest amounts are generally calculated only once for example, if a person purchased a $500 certificate of deposit (cd) that contains a simple interest rate of six percent and is a two-year deposit, it is calculated using the simple interest formula. Simple intrest is one you are making on the principle compound intrest is one your are making on principle plus intrest you have earned on it so basically you are making intrest on the intrest. The difference between simple interest and compound interest on a sum for 2 years at 8%, when the interest is compounded annually is rs16 if the interest were. Similarities and differences while both types of interest will grow your money over time, there is a big difference between the two specifically, simple interest is only paid on principal, while. Solve examples on difference of compound interest and simple interest: 1 find the difference of the compound interest and simple interest on$ 15,000 at the same interest rate of 12 $$\frac{1}{2}$$ % per annum for 2 years. The difference between annuity and compound interest is that unlike in annuity, compound interest does not require a lump sum of money at the beginning of the investment thus, it is an attractive investment option for many investors. The major difference between a standard mortgage and a simple interest mortgage is that interest is calculated monthly on the first and daily on the second consider a 30-year loan for \$100,000 with a rate of 6. Explaining simple interest, compound interest, apr, and apy the difference between simple interest and compound interest is even greater, and that is an amount. Simple vs compound interest is not hard to understand basically, simple interest is interest paid on the original principal only for example,4000 dollars is deposited into a bank account and the annual interest rate is 8.

Apr vs interest rate - learn the differences understand the difference between apr and interest rate and how they may affect your home loan apr vs interest rate, what is the difference between apr and interest rate, mortgage rate vs apr. Simple interest and compound interest are quite different because of the way that each is calculated, and the amount received through compound interest is always preferred to a depositor/investor as he/she can get a higher return than simple interest. There are two ways for a lender to charge interest on a loan , which are the simple interest and compound interest methods simple interest is calculated based solely on a percentage of the loaned amount, while compound interest is calculated based on a percentage of the loaned amount and i. Simple interest is an example of arithmetic growth where the amount of interest generated each term is constant, based on only the starting amount compound interest is an example of geometric, or exponential, growth where. A simple interest is interest strictly on the money you deposited while a compound interest is interest on the money you deposited + the interest accumulated thus far suppose you made a deposit of 1000 with an interest rate of 10% per year.

Simple interest is just as the name states — a very simple way to calculate interest due on a credit account it is the principal, or amount borrowed, multiplied by the rate agreed upon between the lender and borrower multiplied by the number of years the account is to be repaid. Simple interest and precomputed interest are different ways to calculate your interest due the simple interest method uses the amount or actual balance outstanding on the day your payment is due if you pay more than your monthly payment, this amount should get smaller as you pay down your loan. Difference between interest and dividend may 19, 2015 by surbhi s leave a comment in simple terms, the amount paid for the use of borrowed funds is known as interest.

Relation between simple interest and compound interest 2the difference between the compound interest and simple interest of some amount of money for 2 years at 9. Best answer: compound interest arises when interest is added to the principal,so that from that moment on, the interest that has been added also itself earns. The fundamental difference between a simple interest mortgage and regular mortgage is in the way the interest is calculated with a regular mortgage, interest is accrued monthly, while with a simple interest mortgage it is daily.

The difference between simple interest and compound interest is that simple interest builds only on the principal amount, while compound interest builds on both the principal and previously earned interest because of this, compound interest always yields greater profits simple interest can be. Let's look at the difference between pre-calculated- and simple-interest loans simple interest as you might expect, simple interest is calculated simply, multiplying the interest rate of the loan by the principal on a regular basis to arrive at the interest due. A) explain the difference between a simple interest note and a simple discount note a simple interest note is defined as interest computed only on the principal and (unlike compound interest) not on principal plus interest earned or incurred in the previous period(s) (business dictionary 2015. Understanding simple interest and compound interest - in this video i try to make clear the difference between simple interest and compound interest category education.

M4maths previous todays puzzles - the difference between simple interest and the compound interest on a certain amount of money for 3 years at 10% per annum is rs 4650. Required difference between simple interest and compound interest = 9225 - 90 = rs225 9 what will be the compound interest on a sum of rs 40,000 after 3 years at the rate of 11 pcpa. This video explains the difference between simple and compound interest and how it can affect capital growth .

The difference between simple interest and
Rated 5/5 based on 41 review

2018.

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News $3.2 Billion On Choppers 1. Jul 23, 2004 Dagenais http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2004/07/23/seaking_replace040722.html [Broken] Stephen Harper wanted to invest lots of money on the military. Most people disagreed with him I'm a bit surprised that Graham decided to drop 3.2 billion. Good move for Canada? Last edited by a moderator: May 1, 2017 2. Jul 23, 2004 JohnDubYa I think we shouldn't mess with Canada any more after this move. This puts their military right up there with Panama's. To Canada,$3.2 billion spent on the military is probably a huge chunk of change. Must be nice having Daddy Yankee protecting you.

3. Jul 23, 2004

loseyourname

Staff Emeritus
That just isn't nice.

4. Jul 24, 2004

devil-fire

what are we going to use these things for? im told that they are to replace the sea kings but i dont recall why the sea kings are the most important part of the canadian armed forces.

3.2 billion is a lot of money to be spent and i wonder if it couldnt have been spent on something better.

maybe they want to support our allied armed forces with transportation but not offend the enemys of the allies by not shooting at them?

5. Jul 24, 2004

kat

Lol, maybe they're planning to use them to protect their border. :surprise:

6. Jul 24, 2004

JohnDubYa

B-o-r-i-n-g!

7. Jul 24, 2004

Dagenais

"The [helicopter] will enhance our national security by strengthening the Canadian Forces' ability to respond to emerging threats in Canada's maritime areas of jurisdiction," he added. "It will also help to ensure Canada maintains a meaningful capacity to contribute militarily to collective efforts to safeguard international peace and security."

Also interesting:

In 1992, the Brian Mulroney government had decided to buy 50, EH-101 helicopters to replace the Sea Kings, but the $5.8 billion contract was ripped up by the Liberals when they came to power in 1993, calling the helicopters, "Cadillacs" the nation couldn't afford. The Liberal government paid$500 million in penalties for backing out of that deal.

The 1960s-era Sea Kings require an enormous amount of maintenance to keep them flying. There have been four fatal crashes since they were brought into service.

8. Jul 24, 2004

devil-fire

sounds like a general statment that could be used for almost any spending project. if the money was spent on personael i would support that because i can understand how canada could put People to use but i dont see how these are going to help.

9. Jul 24, 2004

Staff: Mentor

Expensive helicoptor, but the Sea King is a donosaur and must be replaced.

10. Jul 24, 2004

Dagenais

It should have been done awhile ago. Some have died in those things.

The new choppers won't come until 2006 though. The Seakings will still be around for awhile (2012). :uhh:

Last edited: Jul 24, 2004
11. Jul 24, 2004

Bystander

Is this one of those confusing/ambiguous uses of the word "billion"? As in a British "billion" ain't a Yankee "billion" --- and, no one knows what a Canadian "billion" is? \$100M civilian eggbeaters? I don't think so.

12. Jul 25, 2004

devil-fire

why not decommissioned?

anyone know common examples of when they were used?

as far as i know the only thing these are used for is representing a deep problem with canadian armed forces. i would like understand how these new pieces of equipment are addressing that problem

13. Jul 25, 2004

Staff: Mentor

One main purpose - the Canadian Navy. Its a seaborne helicopter. It does anti-ship, anti-sub, search and rescue, transport, pretty much everything a helicopter does.

I suppose you could decommission them - and the rest of the Canadian military, but Canada has chosen to have a military. And because of their versatility, they'd actually be about the last thing you'd want to get rid of entirely.
I can't believe I missed that. Yeah, its not quite as much money as I thought. Also, with high maintenance costs for the Sea King, I'm sure a lot of that will be made up.

Last edited: Jul 25, 2004
14. Jul 26, 2004

Dagenais

Wow...

that's pissing all over the Canadian dollar...

15. Jul 26, 2004

phatmonky

It's about time! It's a damn shame to see the canadian military so poorly funded. They are a great trained gruop of people, but are held down by aging equipment and government PC garbage (bilingual manuals for everything, even in units that are not bilingual)

16. Jul 26, 2004

Staff: Mentor

That wasn't meant as an insult. To put a finer point on it, thats roughly 76% as much money as I thought it was.

17. Jul 26, 2004

jimmy p

It isnt such a bad thing spending money on choppers actually. Helicopters nowadays are the new tanks. They are changing warfare like tanks did in WW1. In fact the British government is scrapping around 80 Challenger tanks and quite a few Jaguar fighter planes. The money will probably go on Helicopters because they are so worth it.

18. Jul 26, 2004

Dagenais

And one of the claims of Stephen Harper was to properly fund the military (which I agree with).

Yes, extremely versatile. These helicopters are examples, they are civilian models but can be used for the military.

19. Jul 27, 2004

phatmonky

Irrelevant. Sending hundreds of copies of the same manual to a base to sit in the closet is a waste of funds. The manuals should obviously be available, but when you have so many units that are English speaking only, but you spend TWICE as much on overhead.....well, the inefficiency is obvious.

But then again, this doesn't adress the real point of the idiocy behind trying to force feed a minority language down the rest of a country to save 'heritage' because a liberal PM wants to impress is french voting base.


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# Nets within nets from the Grothendieck construction

This blog post is regarding (elementary) object systems. Object systems were first introduced in

• Rüdiger Valk, Object Petri nets, In Advanced Course on Petri Nets, pp. 819-848, 2003.

An object system is a very meta thing, it is a Petri net, whose tokens are marked Petri nets. Here is an example from Valk’s paper

meant to represent three people simultaneously putting out a fire. The lower Petri net in this picture represents the global Petri net. In the top half of the image, squares with local Petri nets in them are depicted pointing to the tokens which they are represented by. When, for example, the first <approachFire> transition in the global Petri net fires, two things occur:

1. The token in place A is moved to place B and,
2. This Petri net represented by this token fires its own <approachFire> transition, putting a token in the place q.1.

So in general, a firing of an elementary object system is either a firing of a global net or a local net. If the global net fires, then the corresponding transitions in the local net must be fired as well. As you may imagine, this type of net is great for modelling hierarchical concurrent systems where there are multiple agents who interact in a concurrent way.

In this blog post I’ll show you how to construct a category of object systems and their generalizations using the Grothendieck construction! It starts with an idea that has been central to my research so far, that the space of all firing sequences of Petri can be represented as a symmetric monoidal category. Indeed for a Petri net P, there is a symmetric monoidal category F(P) where

• objects are sums of species, i.e. markings of P,
• morphisms are arbitrary sums and composites of transitions i.e. firing sequences and,
• monoidal product is sum, which represents parallel composition on a pair of firing sequences.

Furthermore this process of forming firing sequences forms a left adjoint functor

$F: \mathsf{Petri} \to \mathsf{CMC}$

where $\mathsf{CMC}$ is the category of strictly commutative symmetric monoidal categories (the type of symmetric monoidal category that Petri nets happen to generate). Commutative monoidal categories are in particular categories so there is a forgetful functor

$R: \mathsf{CMC} \to \mathsf{Cat}$

which does nothing to the objects and morphisms. We can compose R with our left adjoint from before to get a functor

$R \circ F : \mathsf{Petri} \to \mathsf{Cat}$.

At this point you should pause and guess what I do next, it’s something I do over and over on this blog

The answer is the Grothendieck construction. For a review of the Grothendieck construction check out my blog:

If we take the Grothendieck construction of the functor $R \circ L$, then we obtain a category $\int R \circ F$ where

• objects are pairs $(P, m)$ where P is a Petri net and m is a marking of P and,
• morphisms are pairs $(f,t): (P,m) \to (Q,n)$ where f is a morphism of Petri nets and t is a firing sequence from $f(m) \to n$.

I actually talked about this category in a previous blog post:

Which contains a more in-depth discussion of the construction we have just performed. $\int R \circ F$ is a category whose objects are marked Petri nets and whose morphisms represent changing the structure of your Petri net and firing your initial marking. Because $\int G \circ F$ has marked Petri nets as objects, let’s call it $\mathsf{MkPetri}$. $\mathsf{MkPetri}$ is symmetric monoidal with monoidal product given by

$(P,m) \oplus (Q,n) = (P+Q,m+n)$

Here $P+Q$ is the coproduct of Petri nets and $m+n$ is the marking of P+Q which agrees with m on the P-component and agrees with n on the Q component. In other words, m+n is the formal sum of m and n. The main claim of this blog post is that the following is a reasonable definition:

Definition: An object system is a symmetric monoidal functor

$E : (FP,+) \to (\mathsf{MkPetri},\oplus)$

where $FP$ is the free commutative monoidal category on a Petri net P.

The idea is that P is the global Petri net and the functor E assigns the local Petri nets and their transformation rules. Explicitly, for a place p, the marked Petri net E(p) is the local Petri net which is assigned to p. This determines the action of E on objects up to isomorphism because FP is free. For a transition $\tau$ with source $a +b$ and target $c+d$,

$E(\tau) : E(a) \oplus E(b) \to E(c) \oplus E(d)$

is a pair (f,s) where

• f is a morphism from disjoint union local Petri nets in the source to the disjoint union of the local Petri nets in the target (this determines how the transition $\tau$ mutates the structure of each local Petri net in the source and target) and,
• s is firing sequence, (this determines how $\tau$ alters the markings of the local Petri nets).
• Because FP is free, this case determines the action of E on all firing sequences.

This definition describes object systems using Lawvere’s idea of functorial semantics. The global Petri net P provides a syntax and the functor equips that syntax with a semantics based in marked Petri nets.

Beware that this definition does not match exactly the definition introduced by Valk. In those object systems, transitions in the global net are not allowed to mutate the local Petri nets. I see this as a feature not a bug, object systems by our definition are more general than the object systems defined by Valk. The ability to mutate the local nets means that these object systems are more expressive.

The second thing about this definition which doesn’t match Valk’s is that our global nets don’t come equipped with an initial marking. However, you can equip them with an initial marking using the same construction that we used to obtain marked Petri nets. I won’t go into too many details here, but the idea is that object systems also have a “category of firing sequences functor”

$\mathsf{ObSys} \to \mathsf{CMC}$

which we can take the Grothendieck construction to obtain a category of marked object systems. At this point we would be two Grothendieck constructions in, which I find to be very confusing as well as fun; it’s kind of like a double integral.

Thank you for reading and please let me know if you would like me to clarify something.


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Browse Questions

# Which of the following is the strongest reducing agent?

$(a)\;Be\qquad(b)\;Ba\qquad(c)\;Ca\qquad(d)\;Mg$

$Ba$ is the strongest reducing agent
Hence (b) is the correct answer.