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# “$1 billion approved by NEC to fight insecurity in Nigeria” – Femi Adesina Excerpts: It is two and a half years into President Buhari’s administration. As the spokesperson, how do you assess the government? I would rather that you had asked an impartial person that question because he can then answer it dispassionately. But if you ask an insider to assess the government in which he serves, naturally, he will rate the government well because he is serving in that government. But an impartial observer will be more neutral, more dispassionate. So, let’s leave the assessment of the government to those impartial observers. But all I would just say is that this government came in at a very difficult time in the history of this country. It has done its best in many areas. The times are still very difficult but the work continues. I asked the question because one would say that this administration has not commissioned even one single project. Would they be saying the truth or lying against the government that mouthed so much of hitting the ground running once it assumed power? That is very funny to me. There are many projects that have been commissioned. I leave you to find out. But anything enduring has a gestation process. Do you want roads that are just resurfaced in six months and they are commissioned with fanfare and in another six months they are washed away. No. This administration will not do that. It will take its time to build enduring things. Whatever it is doing, roads, railways, will be done properly. Things that are built to last are what this administration would do. This administration will not play to the gallery; it would rather do what is right, in all things and at all time. The year 2017 was actually a very difficult one for you, the government and for Nigerians in the sense that the President, I recall, on January 19, jetted out of the country for health reasons and it continued for the better part of the year. How did you cope with the agitations from Nigerians? It is just a case of being human and putting ourselves in other people’s shoes. Anybody can be sick: presidents, princes, kings, queens, ordinary people, anybody can be ill and anybody can recover and anybody can die. So when our president was going through that trying time, what I expected from people was empathy. They should empathize with him and so, for me, I resolved that through thick and thin, I stand by the president and that was what I did. And in doing that I also told myself that I would always tell the truth that was available to me. I will not spin anything. I will not colour anything. I will not give Nigerians yarns, no falsehood, truth that was available to me was what I will tell and that was what I did throughout. During the period, you were quoted as saying you would only report what you were told and Nigerians wondered how and why the spokesperson of the president would be told what to say instead of seeing it himself. I didn’t have to then go and stay in the UK with somebody who was ailing. Your presence there was not useful. There were people who would go to see him and come back and give you feedback and you would present that feedback to Nigerians and tell them that ‘this is what I have received and that is what I am giving you’. If Nigerians wanted to believe, they should then believe and that kind of time called for empathy like I said and believing whatever comes from government to you. This is not a government that would lie to people. I can’t recall a lie that this government has told Nigerians, at least not deliberately, not willingly. This president does not want you to spin anything for him, and if you make the mistake to spin something for him, he would come out one day and tell the truth and you would be ashamed. The onus was on Nigerians to believe what we were telling them and I am glad that a large number of the people believed. Are you perturbed by some insinuations in some quarters that the government is controlled by a cabal rather that the president? There is no place that there is no cabal even in your home and cabal can be positive or negative. If it is negative, then that is where the issue comes in. Everywhere, even in companies you have them. In churches and mosques you have them. Wherever you have more than two or three people, you will find that there will be a cabal because two of them can get together and take a decision. So, cabal can be positive or negative. What I know is that every government has its kitchen cabinet, people that the leader of the government will always consult and they will take decisions together. So beyond that I don’t know. If you’re trying to say that there is a group with some pernicious influence, unless you tell me their names and show me things they have done, I cannot say more than that. Some people believe that the report of the panel headed by Vice President Yemi Osinbanjo that investigated the sacked SGF should be made public and there should be punitive measures. People are saying that he should be handed over to the EFCC for prosecution but up till now nobody has heard anything. Do Nigerians actually stand a chance of seeing that come to pass? There are some things that are never released until they are declassified by government and declassification takes a period of time. I am sure that, sometime in the future, that report can be declassified. But, for now, it is a declassified report. It was submitted to government which looked at it and took a decision based on that report. If that report is going to be declassified, it is going to be the prerogative of the president. It is not going to be as a matter of right that the people must know. No. It is going to be, one, the decision of the president; two, it is going to be a consequence of time and then that report can be declassified. The opposition party, the PDP, called for the prosecution of the sacked SGF. They alleged that only members of the opposition are being prosecuted. If that had happened in the other party, would the president have kept silence? The thing is that the president never directs the agencies on what to do, especially the anti-graft agencies. He never directs them. They do what they think is proper and the president never stops them. So the onus is on the anti-graft agencies to move in on that matter if they consider that there is a prima facie case established against those who are concerned. Most Nigerians feel that the president is tribalistic. You have worked with him for years now, how do you see that? When you say most Nigerians, it is very subjective and it is one of the subjective things we say in this country. You don’t just sit down in your house and maybe because you have heard 50 or maximum 100 people say one thing, you then say most Nigerians out of 180 million Nigerians; so it is subjective for you to say most Nigerians. Now, the president I have worked with for two and a half years, going to three years now, is a very fair-minded man. If he knows that this is the fair and just thing to do, he goes ahead and does it. And in terms of appointing people, at times, it just happens that this is the best qualified person or this is the next in rank or this is the one that has been recommended most highly, now the president would say that ‘if I reject this person based on where he comes from, have I not be unfair to him?’ So those are some of the considerations that come into play most times. To say that there president is tribalistic, I have not seen that in him while working with him. Can you vouch for his integrity as well? Not for me to vouch, he is known the world over for his integrity. He was out of government for about 30 or 32 years and, then, he was re-elected. What got Nigerians to re-elect him? His integrity! And remember when he went to America for the first time, you heard what then President Obama said about him that ‘this is a man widely known for his integrity the world over’. Remember the Archbishop of Canterbury when David Cameron was talking about ‘fantastically corrupt’, he said ‘but this current president is not corrupt’. So he is known the world over for his integrity. So it is not for me to vouch for his integrity. In fact, I came to work for him because of his integrity. I am not a government person. I didn’t think I was going to work in government but because this man that has integrity was the one that was elected, that was why I chose to come and work for him. Some people believed that the love they had for him and lavished on him has waned. It’s no more as it used to because the government came on a mantra of change and that change hasn’t really been delivered to Nigerians and they are now having mixed feelings. You are guilty of being subjective again when you said ‘Nigerians’ broadly. I am sure you have not taken a survey, you have not heard from 200 people or 500 people; even if you heard from 10 million people, what is 10 million in a country of 180 million? There are still people who love the president passionately and they are across the country and they understand with him that he came at a very difficult time and that he is doing the work under very difficult circumstances and they are ready to wait until that change comes. Change is not a magic wand, change is a process and people are ready to wait for that process till it comes. See the day he came back, I think, August 19; from the airport to the Villa took us almost an hour because, at every point of the way, people were streaming onto the road almost blocking the convoy and those are the same people bearing the brunt of the economic crunch. These people streaming onto the road were ordinary people. They were not induced in any way. They are the ones going through the hardest of the hard times and see the way they responded to him. They still love him passionately. Everything may not be as they would have wanted to have it but also it takes a while. It took decades and not just 16 years of the PDP, it took decades to run Nigeria aground. So why would anybody think that in two and a half years everything would be back to normal? It will take a while. The president blames the PDP and the former governments for the woes of the country. But some people feel that you must not always be shifting blames, accept responsibility for once. Like you did in the video posted on Facebook about the Benue killings, passing the buck. (Cuts) But I now said it is the duty of government to protect livesSo, when the president talks about the past and blames the governments of the past, it doesn’t mean that he passing the buck, it is just a fact of history and it is said that those who don’t consider the past are doomed to repeat the mistakes of that past. So our past must always be kept ahead of us so that we don’t repeat the mistakes of that past. As we move forward, the past would be the key to unlock the future we are going into. It has taken the government quite some time to find a way out of this economic crunch, these economic challenges we have (Cuts in…) I don’t agree with you. If the economy began to slow down in 2012, as we have been told, until 2016 when it went into recession, that is four years, and that recession lasted for only one year and we came out of it, what are you then saying? It took four years to collapse. Shouldn’t it take eight years to come back? The opposition said that the president is clueless, has been bereft of ideas… (Cuts in…) You know that word is already a trade mark (laughter) for those in opposition now. When they were in government, that word was, indeed, manufactured for them. It was a clueless government then, so they shouldn’t try to pass it to another government. That is their trade mark. So you’re saying that the president and the current government are really moving on and getting things right? Let Nigerians decide but all the indices are clear: Economic, social, political, see everything. On the political front, it used to be that the party at the centre won all the elections anywhere in the country. Have you seen the elections held in the past two years? There are some won by the PDP. It never happened in the past. It is happening now because the president has said that if the last thing he does is to give free and fair elections to Nigerians, he will do it. APC went to some elections. Anambra just ended. If the APC wanted to use the PDP style, it would take Anambra and take it with impunity and it will tell the people ‘if you don’t like it go to hell. Go to the tribunal’. That is what PDP used to say. ‘We have won this election, go to the tribunal’, but not this government under President Buhari. That is change on the political scene. Look at the economy. We had a bubble economy in Nigeria based on false foundation, false premise and all that, everything was oil. It was like a balloon and what do you need to deflate a balloon? Just a pinprick! When that pinprick came, Nigeria collapsed. From$110 per barrel in about six years, suddenly oil prices crashed to $29 per barrel and Nigeria just crashed with it because the economy was a bubble economy. It was built on false premise. It is now that President Buhari is building a solid economy for Nigeria that will not be dependent only on oil. Oil will continue to be important to us. Oil got us into trouble. Oil got us out of it but, going forward, oil will not be the only thing that Nigeria can rely on. See what is happening in agriculture; see what is happening in mines and steel; see what is happening in manufacturing; going forward Nigeria will never be the same after this administration. Talking about oil, we were told that once the subsidy is removed, there will be no more queues. Aren’t you surprised that Nigerians spent Christmas virtually at fuel stations? A lot of things went wrong. In computer language, they call something SNAFU, Situation Normal All Foul Up. That was what happened. The situation was normal even in the first week of December. At the FEC meeting, the minister of state for petroleum, Dr Ibe Kachukwu, assured us that there was enough fuel in the country till the new year and, suddenly, there was that threat of strike by PENGASSAN. You know there had been some crisis caused by short fall in supply. NNPC admitted that but it had enough reserves into the new year. It was in correcting that short fall in supply when PENGASEN declared a strike. The strike was called off the very day it was to start but it was enough to have disrupted everything. There was panic buying, there was hoarding, there was diversion and everything and it never got sorted out till the new year. So it was just a matter of Nigerians causing problems for Nigerians. Nigerians causing problems for Nigerians? How do you mean? Marketers and some other interest groups. Check the statistics that the GMD of the NNPC gave of the number of trucks that were diverted during that period and it was about 149 million litres of PMS. Nigerians did that diversion. They took it across the border and yet they were crying that there was no fuel in the country. How would there be fuel if some people were deliberately sabotaging the system, maybe trying to force the government to increase the pump price of petrol? You recall the phrase, ‘body language of the President’. I was thinking that the ‘body language’ is still very much active and could stop some of those crimes against the state. Well, for the honest, just and patriotic, ‘body language’ would work but some people are hardened. They are criminals at heart and they will go to any length to subvert a system. For those kinds of people, sanctions must come and come heavily. ‘Body language’ is good but for the honest, the patriotic and those who want things to go well in the country. But there are some, unless you wield the big stick against them, they won’t change. Are you worried that the anti-corruption war is losing steam? I don’t agree that it is losing steam because the anti-corruption war is well analyzed. Just go and look at the statistics of the conviction, statistics of the people that were brought before the courts, monies that had been recovered and that had been part of the budget of 2017 and the budget of 2018 During his electioneering campaign, President Buhari promised to fight corruption to a standstill. But up till now not even one person has been jailed. (Cuts in) No, well, if you want to say high profile or politically exposed people, it is a different thing but there are convictions every day. I was reading of one former local government chairman in Osun State that was jailed for six years. Yes, I mean high profile people. Yes, high profile people before the court can also hire high profile lawyers who can delay the system and that is what is happening and that is where the onus is on the judiciary and the judiciary to find a way to hasten anti-corruption cases. The executive cannot be the judge, cannot be the jury, it cannot be everything. There is separation of powers: The executive, the legislature and the judiciary. Let the judiciary also do its part. Starting the new year with killings in Benue and Rivers states, tell me how the president actually feels. Very sad, very bad and very distressed. I have sat with the president a number of times this year and I know how he feels about the situation in the country, completely sad and depressed. And he is keeping an eye on everything and giving the necessary instructions and making sure that those instructions are carried out. A lot of people said ‘we want him to talk’, yes, it may be okay for him to talk but, sometimes, actions speak louder than words. He is doing things to bring the situation under control and that is more important than talking. You may talk at times and do nothing. So, the president is sad about all that’s happening. And he’s doing everything to ensure that the situation is brought under control and I believe that going forward after this flare of violence, this problem may be sorted out once and for all because it has been with us for a long time now. And that is why I fault those who say Fulani herdsmen are killing people because we have a Fulani president. Is this the first Fulani president? No. Killings between 2013 and 2015 were more horrendous than what we have seen even under this administration. Was the president then a Fulani? No. So, it doesn’t have anything to do with the president being Fulani. It is evil. It is criminal and it is something that the government must sort out. Government, according to our constitution, has the responsibility to protect lives and property and this government will do it. It is unfortunate that it has happened this way but the solutions are being worked out and I believe that, this time, they will give us enduring solutions. When there was civil unrest in Rivers or Bayelsa State, the ‘Crocodile Smiled’. In the East, the ‘Python Danced’. People also expect that in Benue, something more drastic should take place. People are accusing the president of foot-dragging on the Benue killings. Some Nigerians are never short of criticisms. They will always criticise no matter what you do. As of yesterday, news came out that special units of the armed forces had gone into Benue, Nasarawa and Taraba states. So why is that criticism still coming up? The president himself, when I engaged with him, told me that the easiest way to first tackle the matter is through the police because the police are in the 774 local governments of the country. So, that’s the first step in tackling the problem and that was why he ordered the IG of police to go into Benue. So if the IG now needs further help, he will say so and other forces will join. But that wasn’t the case in Abia when… (Cuts in…) Abia was a training exercise. Don’t forget. You are a journalist, you are a chronicler of history. Military was not sent into Abia to quell any riot or any blood-letting or anything. It was a training exercise for the military which they do from time to time in different places. Operation Python Dance was a training exercise. It was in the process of that training that some people confronted them and it led to what happened. So, it was not that they were deployed to Abia to quell anything. The timing of your documentary, ‘The human side of President Buhari’, was faulted by some Nigerians… (Cuts in) Let me tell you what happened. NNPC gave us an assurance that the fuel crisis will end by that weekend. On Thursday, we took a decision to air that documentary on Sunday based on the assurance of the NNPC. Suddenly, it didn’t happen. Now should you then because of that cancel what you had scheduled? How many people cancelled weddings? How many people cancelled naming ceremonies? How many people cancel social ceremonies? Those who were making noise just wanted to make noise over nothing. 2019 is almost here and INEC has announced deadlines for party primaries. Does the president have any intention of contesting again? He will tell us because if he would contest he would expect the people to bring votes; so if he expects votes from the people, there will be a time that you must tell them, ‘I want your votes again’. So that time would come. INEC has unfolded the timetable. By August, primaries would start, that means anybody that is going to run must declare his intention. Just this (last) week, Chief John Oyegun, the National Chairman of the APC, said the party was not aware yet if the president would run. So if the president is running, he must make the party to be aware and Nigerians to also be aware. There are calls for him not to run. Those people making the calls have the democratic right to say what they want and the president also has the democratic right to run if he wishes to. The president said he is old and cannot act like a youth he was when he was the head of state. Don’t you see that as an obstacle? I gave a response to that. That was in South Africa in 2015. Naturally, if a man is 75 years old, he is not as young as when he was 42 years old. He was 42 years as military head of state, so it stands to reason. But then, don’t they say that old wines are thirsty? So, there are certain things that the impetuousness of youth would make you do that would even be errors. A 75-year-old would not make those errors because he is older, he is more reflective and he can take so many things in his strides which a young man would not do. The president, for instance, said when he came as a military ruler, young, brash and ruthless, to use his words, that all the people he suspected were corrupt, he packed them and kept them in Kirikiri and said ‘you are guilty until you can prove yourself innocent’; that was him as a 42-year-old. Now as a 75-year-old, he says those he suspects are corrupt, he sees them driving round in Rolls Royce but he can’t pack them and put them in prison again because he has to be able to prove that they are guilty, so that is the difference. The$1 billion approved by NEC to fight insecurity in the North-East…

(Cuts in) A mistake, not North-East; to fight insecurity in Nigeria.

But Nigerians heard the governors after NEC saying that the fund is for the North-East.

No; insecurity in the country. Kidnapping is not only in the North-East; armed robbery is not just in the North-East. So anything that amounts to insecurity in the country, that was what the funds were made to tackle.

So, how would you respond to those who said it is for the funding of the re-election of the president in 2019?

They have a right to their opinion but those people are using their own standards to judge this administration because, when they were in power, that was what they did. They brought out money under different guises and then they used it for election, not this administration.

Miyetti Allah, the cattle rearers, declared the president their life patron. How do you look at that?

Don’t forget that as a civilian after his stint as a military head of state, the president went into farming and he rears cattle. Yes, he was involved in that association; there is nothing wrong in it. That same Miyetti Allah made President Jonathan a patron and gave him a certificate. So, are you now saying that President Jonathan was behind the killings? Some Nigerians should think better.

Former Vice President Atiku and the president were in the same political party and they were friends; how come they have parted ways politically now?

They are still friends. Politically they can always part ways; that is the easiest thing for politicians to do. You remember at a public event the president told the APC Chairman ‘I sympathise with you for losing a senior member of your party’; so politicians can always part ways. It doesn’t mean anything.

Were you bothered by the latest statistics from National Bureau of Statistics, NBS, about job losses to the tune of 4 million?

No, I am not bothered because it is even a positive thing that NBS, which is a government institution, is unfettered, unshackled and it can say the truth; that is a positive thing for the administration. Some other administration will muzzle NBS and say ‘shut up; don’t say negative things’, but this government hasn’t muzzled NBS in any way. When an economy grows into recession, it is only natural that jobs would be lost but the good news is that the same economy that went into recession has gotten out of recession, so jobs that were lost can always be regained. So we must always look at the positive side of things.

What should Nigerians expect from this administration in the next one year and a half left for it?

A concentration on its three focal areas: Securing the country, fighting corruption, reviving the economy and creating jobs. Those will continue to retain the focus of government and things are looking up. The World Bank came out two days ago to say that this year, Nigeria would likely experience growth of up to 2.5%. All the institutions, IMF, World Bank, Bloomberg, everybody, they have good projections about the Nigerian economy. It didn’t drop from the sky. That is as a result and response to policies and activities of government. So, government would maintain focus. Security? It would continue to secure the country in all parts, not just one part but every part of the country. Government is determined to secure this country and of course, the anti-corruption war would continue. This government would not lose focus. It is often said of some governments that when it is electioneering year they lose focus and concentrate more on elections and politics, not President Buhari’s administration. Every day he would keep an eye on governance.


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## Nội dung Text: 19.5. Reading Email p2

2. 19.5.8. Printing Messages Sometimes there's no substitute for a printout. Choose File Print, or press -P to summon the Print dialog box. 19.5.9. Filing Messages Mail lets you create new mailboxes in the Mailboxes pane. You might create one for important messages, another for order confirmations from Web shopping, still another for friends and family, and so on. You can even create mailboxes inside these mailboxes, a feature beloved by the hopelessly organized. Mail in Leopard even offers smart mailboxes—self-updating folders that show you all your mail from your boss, for example, or every message with "mortgage" in its subject. It's the same idea as smart folders in the Finder or smart playlists in iTunes: folders whose contents are based around criteria that you specify (Figure 19-13). Figure 19-13. Mail lets you create self-populating folders. In this example, the "New Mail from Steve" smart mailbox will automatically display all messages from Steve Jobs at Apple that you've received in the past week. The commands you need are all in the Mailbox menu. For example, to create a new mailbox folder, choose Mailbox New Mailbox, or click the + button at the bottom of the Mailboxes column. To create a smart mailbox, choose Mailbox New Smart Mailbox. Mail asks you to name the new mailbox. If you have more than one email account, you can specify which one will contain the new folder. (Smart mailboxes, however, always sit outside your other mailboxes.) Tip: If you want to create a folder-inside-a-folder, use slashes in the name of your new mailbox. (If you use the name Cephalopods/Squid, for example, Mail creates a folder called Cephalopods, with a subfolder called Squid.) You can also drag the mailbox icons up and down in the drawer to place one inside another.None of those tricks work for smart mailboxes, however. The only way to organize smart mailboxes is to put them
3. inside a smart mailbox folder, which you create using Mailbox New Smart Mailbox. You might do that if you have several smart mailboxes for mail from your co-workers ("From Jim," "From Anne," and so on) and want to put them together in one collapsible group to save screen space. When you click OK, a new icon appears in the mailbox column, ready for use. You can move a message (or group of messages) into a mailbox folder in any of three ways: • Drag it out of the main list onto the mailbox icon (Figure 19-14). • In the list pane, highlight one or more messages, and then choose from the Message Move To submenu, which lists all your mailboxes. • Control-click (or right-click) a message, or one of several that you've highlighted. From the resulting shortcut menu, choose Move To, and then, from the submenu, choose the mailbox you want. Of course, the only way to change the contents of a smart mailbox is to change the criteria that it uses to populate itself. To do so, double-click the smart mailbox icon and use the dialog box that appears. Figure 19-14. You can use any part of a message's "row" in the list as a handle; the envelope cursor tells you that Mail knows what's happening. You can also drag messages en masse onto a folder. If you Option-drag a message into a folder, you make a copy, leaving the original message where it is. 19.5.10. Flagging Messages Sometimes you'll receive email that prompts you to some sort of action, but you may not have the time (or the fortitude) to face the task at the moment. ("Hi there… it's me, your accountant. Would you mind rounding up your expenses for 1997 through 2007 and sending me a list by email?") That's why Mail lets you flag a message, summoning a little flag icon in a new column next to a message's name. These indicators can mean anything you like—they simply call
6. 19.5.12. Deleting Messages Sometimes it's junk mail. Sometimes you're just done with it. Either way, it's a snap to delete a selected message, several selected messages, or a message that's currently before you on the screen. You can press the Delete key, click the Delete button on the toolbar, choose Edit Delete, or drag messages out of the list window and into your Trash mailbox—or even onto the Dock's Trash icon. Tip: If you delete a message by accident, the Undo command (Edit Undo or -Z) restores it. All of these commands move the messages to the Trash folder. If you like, you can then click its icon to view a list of the messages you've deleted. You can even rescue messages by dragging them back into another mailbox (back to the Inbox, for example). POWER USERS' CLINIC Secrets of the Mbox Files Mail keeps your messages in a series of mailbox database files in your Home Library Mail folder, inside folders named for your accounts (Outbox, Deleted Messages, and so on). Knowing this permits you to perform a number of interesting tricks. First of all, now you know what files to back up for safekeeping. Second, now you know which files to copy to your laptop to maintain email continuity when you travel. And finally, if you have messages on an old Mac that you'd like to copy to your new one, you know where they're stored. 19.5.12.1. Method 1: Emptying the Trash folder Mail doesn't vaporize messages in the Trash folder until you "empty the trash," just like in the Finder. You can empty the Trash folder in any of several ways:
7. • Click a message (or several) within the Trash folder list, and then click the Delete icon on the toolbar (or press the Delete key). Now those messages are really gone. • Choose Mailbox Erase Deleted Messages ( -K). (If you have multiple accounts, choose Erase Deleted Messages In All Accounts.) • Control-click (or right-click) the Trash mailbox icon, and then choose Erase Deleted Messages from the shortcut menu. Or choose the same command from the pop-up menu at the bottom of the window. • Wait. Mail will permanently delete these messages automatically after a week. If a week is too long (or not long enough), you can change this interval. Choose Mail Preferences, click Accounts, and select the account name from the list at left. Then click Mailbox Behaviors, and change the "Erase deleted messages when" pop-up menu. If you choose Quitting Mail from the pop-up menu, Mail will take out the trash every time you quit the program. 19.5.12.2. Method 2: Deleted mail turns invisible Mail offers a second—and very unusual—method of deleting messages that doesn't involve the Trash folder at all. Using this method, pressing the Delete key (or clicking the Delete toolbar button) simply hides the selected message in the list. Hidden messages remain hidden, but don't go away for good until you use the Rebuild Mailbox command described in the box on Section 19.6.1. If this arrangement sounds useful, choose Mail Preferences; click Accounts and select the account from the list on the left; click Mailbox Behaviors; and then turn off the checkbox called "Move deleted messages to a separate folder" or "Move deleted messages to the Trash mailbox." (The checkbox's wording depends on what kind of account you have.) From now on, messages you delete vanish from the list. They're not really gone, however. You can bring them back, at least in ghostly form, by choosing View Show Deleted Messages (or pressing -L). Figure 19-17 shows the idea. Figure 19-17. To resurrect a deleted message (indicated in light gray type), Control- click it and choose Undelete from the shortcut menu.
10. Here's how to set up a message rule: 1. Choose Mail Preferences. Click the Rules icon. The Rules pane appears, as shown at top in Figure 19-19. 2. Click Add Rule. Now the dialog box shown at bottom in Figure 19-19 appears. 3. Use the criteria options (at the top) to specify how Mail should select messages to process. For example, if you'd like the program to watch out for messages from a particular person, you would set up the first two pop-up menus to say "From" and "Contains," respectively. To flag messages containing loan,,XXXX,!!!!, and so on, set the pop-up menus to say "Subject" and "Contains." You can set up multiple criteria here, so you flag messages whose subjects contain any one of those common spam triggers. (If you change the "any" pop-up menu to say "all," then all of the criteria must be true for the rule to kick in.) 4. Specify which words or people you want the message rule to watch for. In the text box to the right of the two pop-up menus, type the word, address, name, or phrase you want Mail to watch for—a person's name, or , in the previous examples. Figure 19-19. Top: Mail rules can screen out junk mail, serve as an email answering machine, or call important messages to your attention. All mail message rules you've created appear in this list. (The color shading for each rule is a reflection of the colorizing options you set up, if any.) Bottom: Double-click a rule to open the Edit Rule dialog box, where you can specify what should set off the rule and what it should do in response. 5. In the lower half of the box, specify what you want to happen to messages that match the criteria.
11. If, in Steps 1 and 2, you've told your rule to watch for junk mail containing  in the Subject line, here's where you can tell Mail to delete it or move it into, say, a Junk folder. With a little imagination, you'll see how the options in this pop-up menu can do absolutely amazing things with your incoming email. Mail can colorize, delete, move, redirect, or forward messages—or even play a sound when you get a certain message. By setting up the controls as shown in Figure 19-19, for example, you'll have specified that whenever your mother (mom@mcmail.com) sends something to your Gmail account, you'll hear a specific alert noise as the email is redirected to a different email account, chickadee745@hotmail.com. 6. In the very top box, name your mail rule. Click OK. Now you're back to the Rules pane (Figure 19-19, top). Here you can choose a sequence for the rules you've created by dragging them up and down. Here, too, you can turn off the ones you won't be needing at the moment, but may use again one day. Tip: Mail applies rules as they appear, from top to bottom, in the list. If a rule doesn't seem to be working properly, it may be that an earlier rule is intercepting and processing some messages before the "broken" rule even sees them. To fix this, try dragging the rule (or the interfering rule) up or down in the list. GEM IN THE ROUGH The Email Answering Machine If you're going on vacation, you can turn Mail into an email answering machine that sends a canned "I'm away until the 15th" message to everyone who writes you. To do so, set the first set of pop-up menus in the Rules dialog box so that they say Account and the name of your account. In the bottom half of the dialog box, select Reply to Message from the pop-up menu. Click "Reply message text," and then type your boilerplate reply in the resulting box. Keep in mind, though, that mail rules only work when Mail is open and
12. connected to the Internet. If your computer is set to turn off after a certain period of time, therefore, make sure to disable that feature before you go on vacation. Also: If you subscribe to mailing lists, set up another mail rule that intercepts and files them before your answering-machine rule kicks in. Otherwise, you'll incur the wrath of other Internet citizens by littering their email discussion groups with copies of your auto-reply message.

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# Speed as a function of time

How could I express the speed of an object as a function of time if the object is accelerating with a constant power output and is being affected by quadratic (Rayleigh) drag?

SteamKing
Staff Emeritus
Homework Helper
What type of object?

Well, it's supposed to be a submarine.
As far as the physics go, it's a solid object with density equal to the density of the liquid
Anything else?

SteamKing
Staff Emeritus
Homework Helper
As a start, I would draw a free-body diagram and add the relevant forces. Since it is a submarine, the power produced by the propulsion machinery is converted into thrust, either by turning a propeller or by means more exotic. The drag is proportional to the velocity squared and acts to oppose the thrust. Since the sub is accelerating, then T - D is positive, and T - D = m a, where m is the mass of the submarine, and a = dv/dt.

A.T.
Since it is a submarine, the power produced by the propulsion machinery is converted into thrust, either by turning a propeller or by means more exotic.
And in general the thurst will not be constant for constant power input, but depend on the speed.

And in general the thurst will not be constant for constant power input, but depend on the speed.

And that's the point where I got stuck. I found an equation that works if the thrust is constant but that is not the case here.

Perhaps if I expressed drag as a loss in energy (speed3) it might be simpler.

Not quite sure though, we haven't done anything like this at school so far and it might be a few years till we do.

A.T.
And that's the point where I got stuck. I found an equation that works if the thrust is constant but that is not the case here.
You won't get an analytic solution for this. The thrust itself is not some simple function but usually derived empirically or numerically. You have a chart like this:

And get the thrust by:

thrust = (efficiency * shaft_power) / velocity

To get the speed as function of time you have to integrate the acceleration from the net force (thrust - drag) numerically. For low velocities there is static thrust data.

Last edited:


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# 12.2 - Model Assumptions

12.2 - Model Assumptions

## Mean

1. The specific factors or random errors all have mean zero: $$E(\epsilon_i) = 0$$ ; i = 1, 2, ... , p

2. The common factors, the f's, also have mean zero: $$E(f_i) = 0$$; i = 1, 2, ... , m

A consequence of these assumptions is that the mean response of the ith trait is $$\mu_i$$. That is,

$$E(X_i) = \mu_i$$

## Variance

1. The common factors have variance one: $$\text{var}(f_i) = 1$$; i = 1, 2, ... , m

2. i is $$\psi_i$$: $$\text{var}(\epsilon_i) = \psi_i$$ ; i = 1, 2, ... , p Here, $$\psi_i$$ is called the specific variance.

## Correlation

1. The common factors are uncorrelated with one another: $$\text{cov}(f_i, f_j) = 0$$  for ij

2. The specific factors are uncorrelated with one another: $$\text{cov}(\epsilon_i, \epsilon_j) = 0$$  for ij

3. The specific factors are uncorrelated with the common factors: $$\text{cov}(\epsilon_i, f_j) = 0$$;  i = 1, 2, ... , p; j = 1, 2, ... , m

These assumptions are necessary to uniquely estimate the parameters. An infinite number of equally well-fitting models with different values for the parameters may be obtained unless these assumptions are made.

Under this model the variance for the ith observed variable is equal to the sum of the squared loadings for that variable and specific variance:

The variance of trait i is: $$\sigma^2_i = \text{var}(X_i) = \sum_{j=1}^{m}l^2_{ij}+\psi_i$$

This derivation is based on the previous assumptions. $$\sum_{j=1}^{m}l^2_{ij}$$ is called the Communality for variable i.  Later on, we will see how this is a measure for how well the model performs for that particular variable. The larger the communality, the better the model performance for the ith variable.

The covariance between pairs of traits i and j is: $$\sigma_{ij}= \text{cov}(X_i, X_j) = \sum_{k=1}^{m}l_{ik}l_{jk}$$

The covariance between trait i and factor j is: $$\text{cov}(X_i, f_j) = l_{ij}$$

In matrix notation, our model for the variance-covariance matrix is expressed as shown below:

$$\Sigma = \mathbf{LL'} + \boldsymbol{\Psi}$$

This is the matrix of factor loadings times its transpose, plus a diagonal matrix containing the specific variances.

Here $$\boldsymbol{\Psi}$$ equals:

$$\boldsymbol{\Psi} = \left(\begin{array}{cccc}\psi_1 & 0 & \dots & 0 \\ 0 & \psi_2 & \dots & 0 \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\ 0 & 0 & \dots & \psi_p \end{array}\right)$$

A parsimonious (simplified) model for the variance-covariance matrix is obtained and used for estimation.

## Notes

1. The model assumes that the data is a linear function of the common factors. However, because the common factors are not observable, we cannot check for linearity.
2. The variance-covariance matrix is a symmetric matrix, that is the variance between variables i and j is the same as the variance between j and i.  For this model:

$$\Sigma = \mathbf{LL'} + \boldsymbol{\Psi}$$

The variance-covariance matrix is going to have p(p +1)/2 unique elements of $$\Sigma$$ approximated by:

• mp factor loadings in the matrix $$\mathbf{L}$$, and
• p specific variances

This means that there are mp plus p parameters in the variance-covariance matrix. Ideally, mp + p is substantially smaller than p(p +1)/2. However, if mp is too small, the mp + p parameters may not be adequate to describe $$\Sigma$$. There may always be the case that this is not the right model and you cannot reduce the data to a linear combination of factors.

3. If we have more than one variable in our analysis, that is if p > 1, the model is inherently ambiguous. To explain that, let $$\mathbf{T}$$ be any m x m orthogonal matrix. A matrix is orthogonal if its inverse is equal to the transpose of the original matrix.

$$\mathbf{T'T = TT' = I}$$

We can write our factor model in matrix notation:

$$\textbf{X} = \boldsymbol{\mu} + \textbf{Lf}+ \boldsymbol{\epsilon} = \boldsymbol{\mu} + \mathbf{LTT'f}+ \boldsymbol{\epsilon} = \boldsymbol{\mu} + \mathbf{L^*f^*}+\boldsymbol{\epsilon}$$

Note that This does not change the calculation because the identity matrix times any matrix is the original matrix. This results in an alternative factor model, where the relationship between the new factor loadings and the original factor loadings is:

$$\mathbf{L^*} = \textbf{LT}$$

and the relationship between the new common factors and the original common factors is:

$$\mathbf{f^*} = \textbf{T'f}$$

This gives a model that fits equally well. Moreover, because there is an infinite number of orthogonal matrices, then there is an infinite number of alternative models. This model, as it turns out, satisfies all of the assumptions discussed earlier.

Note...

$$E(\mathbf{f^*}) = E(\textbf{T'f}) = \textbf{T'}E(\textbf{f}) = \mathbf{T'0} =\mathbf{0}$$,

$$\text{var}(\mathbf{f^*}) = \text{var}(\mathbf{T'f}) = \mathbf{T'}\text{var}(\mathbf{f})\mathbf{T} = \mathbf{T'IT} = \mathbf{T'T} = \mathbf{I}$$

and

$$\text{cov}(\mathbf{f^*, \boldsymbol{\epsilon}}) = \text{cov}(\mathbf{T'f, \boldsymbol{\epsilon}}) = \mathbf{T'}\text{cov}(\mathbf{f, \boldsymbol{\epsilon}}) = \mathbf{T'0} = \mathbf{0}$$

So f* satisfies all of the assumptions, and hence f* is an equally valid collection of common factors.  There is a certain apparent ambiguity to these models. This ambiguity is later used to justify a factor rotation to obtain a more parsimonious description of the data.

 [1] Link ↥ Has Tooltip/Popover Toggleable Visibility


text:
# I Capacitor edge effect

1. Sep 22, 2016

### Anastasis Pk

Hello, I have been searching for a mathematical analysis regarding the edge effect of a parallel plate capacitor. Could anyone help?

2. Sep 22, 2016

### vanhees71

There's a treatment of the semi-infinite case in

A. Sommerfeld, Lectures on Theoretical Physics vol. III.

3. Sep 22, 2016

### Anastasis Pk

Thank you for your response. I can't find that reference in these lectures. Can you help?

4. Sep 23, 2016

### vanhees71

Well this shows that you didn't consider the really excellent problem set at the end of these books (BTW I think they are masterpieces; concerning classical physics they are among the best sources to learn from, although sometimes they are a bit outdated, e.g., in the use of the "ict convention" for special relativity or in the avoidance of the Dirac $\delta$ distribution (although it was in fact Sommerfeld who invented the concept some decades before Dirac). Anyway, you find the treatment of the edge effect as problem II.4 as an elegant application of conformal mappings for 2D potential theory). Note that all problems have well-worked out solutions!

5. Sep 23, 2016

### Shreyas Samudra

Can I please get the link wherein that book/ that question can be found ??

6. Sep 23, 2016

### vanhees71

There is no legal link to that book. It's

A. Sommerfeld, Lectures on theoretical physics vol. 3, electrodynamics, Academic Press 1952

7. Sep 23, 2016

### Shreyas Samudra

I cannot find that book, anyhow anyway in my library
Can u please drop in here, the picture of that worked out problem I will be immensely grateful to u for that


text:
# What is the current limit for a photon's rest mass?

Before you start yelling, I know that a photon according to theory has zero rest mass. But it is sort of difficult to measure zero, so what is the current best measurement upper limit of this zero? A few electronvolts? (The question is sort of similar to that it seems like the rest mass of the neutrino-s are not exactly zero although we believed that for a long time).

• "A few eV" is an enormous amount of energy when you're talking about experimental limits.
– J...
Feb 11, 2021 at 13:38
• Considering that we've measured plenty of photons with a total mass less than a milli-electronVolt, it seems rather obvious that the rest mass is way lower than that! Feb 11, 2021 at 15:11
• Ooh, give me some slack! According to the answer I was only off by a factor of 10 to the power of 18 or so. Not too bad really ;-) Feb 11, 2021 at 16:00
• @J... Note that "a few eV" is the current upper limit for the mass of the heaviest neutrino.
– rob
Feb 11, 2021 at 18:32
• @rob In the context of photons, I should say. Obviously something as stupendously exotic and elusive as the tau neutrino, with MeV scale energy, will have larger uncertainties. In terms of photons, a few eV is more than the total energy of all visible and longer photons.
– J...
Feb 11, 2021 at 20:43

The limit in the 2020 Particle Data Group Summary is $$m_\gamma < 10^{-18}\mathrm{eV} \approx 10^{-27}m_\text{proton}$$, based on a 2007 analysis of the magnetohydrodynamics of the solar wind. The PDG reviews are excellent reading on these kinds of questions.


text:
# Explanation of 1-generic to prove undecidability of halting problem

Are there any proofs the undecidability of the halting problem that does not depend on self-referencing or diagonalization ?

You can first show that the halting problem (the set $0'$) can be used to compute a set $G\subseteq\mathbb N$ that is 1-generic meaning that in a sense each $\Sigma^0_1$ fact about $G$ is decided by a finite prefix of $G$. Then it is easy to prove that such a set $G$ cannot be computable (i.e., decidable).

I have trouble understanding this sentence as I am new to forcing. For example, what does "finite prefix" mean here? Can someone explain this sentence? (I know what $\Sigma^0_1$ means.)

Can someone explain the general idea behind forcing? I am also looking for easy to read introductions articles and books about forcing.

edit: So, how can we prove that each $\Sigma_1^0$ fact about $G$ being decided by a finite prefix leads to the fact that $G$ cannot be computable?

• I edited the question to make it more interesting. I hope that I kept the original intention. Feel free to roll back or edit. – Kaveh Mar 2 '13 at 8:02

A finite prefix of $G$ is $G \cap \{0,1,\ldots n\}$ for some $n$. It is easier if you look at the characteristic function of $G$ which can we viewed as an infinite word in $2^\omega$. Then a finite prefix is a finite initial part of $G$.


text:
# Structure and Resilience of Bald Eagle Roost Networks

### Abstract

The recognition that communal roosts are important elements within the life cycle of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) led to their protection under the disturb″ clause of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. The regular roost-switching movements of bald eagles imply that roosts are part of an interactive network where roosts represent nodes linked by birds moving between them. Network analysis holds promise for informing management decisions by assessing the effect of roost removal on the resilience of the broader network. We tracked nonbreeding bald eagles (n = 56) within the upper Chesapeake Bay (2008-2013), USA, to evaluate roost characteristics and network structure. We used midnight locations (n = 14,464) to assess the use of communal roosts (n = 212) and movement of birds among roosts (n = 2,634) on successive roost nights to evaluate the pattern and strength of connections. We performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the response of the roost network to roost loss. Structure of the roost network approximated that of a scale-free network where the distribution of connections follows a power law of the form P(k)=Ak(-gamma) and gamma = 1.1. Unlike random networks, connections within scale-free networks are concentrated within a few highly connected nodes (hubs). These hub roosts serve as bridges between large numbers of other roosts, have the shortest travel times to other roosts and greatest overall influence on network functioning. The effect of roost removal on overall network function was directly proportional to the connectivity of the roost being removed. The targeted removal of the majority (>90%) of roosts had very little effect on the network. Network sensitivity was high in response to the loss of roosts within the highest 10% of connectivity. This small (n = 18) subset of roosts makes a disproportionate contribution to network function and the protection of these roosts should be a stated management objective with high priority. Network analysis represents a powerful tool with the potential to inform management decisions. (C) 2018 The Wildlife Society.

Publication
WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN


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## Safety, training and qualification

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## Thank you

This book is mainly concerned the science and technology of electrical machine CM. However, since our first edition, this has now become a significant industry in support of our use of electrical machinery for generation and general plant. As the appendices show there are now international standards applicable to CM of electrical machinery, although these are still in early stages of development. Consequently, industry is demanding a level of expertise from its CM operatives commensurate with the importance of the task in hand. Therefore, this final chapter briefly summarises the safety, training and qualifications that should be expected of staff undertaking CM. They may not need to be experts in electrical machinery but must be safe and competent in the operation of monitoring equipment and in the recording and accurate presentation of the information that arises from it, if their work is to make a sound contribution to condition-based maintenance and asset management.

Chapter Contents:

• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Safety
• 15.3 Training and qualification
• 15.3.1 Training and qualification categories
• 15.3.2 Category I – data collector
• 15.3.3 Category II – specialist
• 15.3.4 Category III – analyst
• 15.3.5 Category IV – expert
• 15.4 Conclusions

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Infoscience

Journal article

Search for VHE gamma-ray emission from Geminga pulsar and nebula with the MAGIC telescopes

The Geminga pulsar, one of the brighest gamma-ray sources, is a promising candidate for emission of very-high-energy (VHE > 100 GeV) pulsed gamma rays. Also, detection of a large nebula has been claimed by water Cherenkov instruments. We performed deep observations of Geminga with the MAGIC telescopes, yielding 63 h of good-quality data, and searched for emission from the pulsar and pulsar wind nebula. We did not find any significant detection, and derived 95% confidence level upper limits. The resulting upper limits of 5.3 x 10(-13) TeV cm(-2) s(-1) for the Geminga pulsar and 3.5 x 10(-12) TeV cm(-2) s(-1) for the surrounding nebula at 50 GeV are the most constraining ones obtained so far at VHE. To complement the VHE observations, we also analyzed 5 yr of Fermi-LAT data from Geminga, finding that the sub-exponential cut-off is preferred over the exponential cut-off that has been typically used in the literature. We also find that, above 10 GeV, the gamma-ray spectra from Geminga can be described with a power law with index softer than 5. The extrapolation of the power-law Fermi-LAT pulsed spectra to VHE goes well below the MAGIC upper limits, indicating that the detection of pulsed emission from Geminga with the current generation of Cherenkov telescopes is very difficult.


text:
Pathwise integration with respect to paths of finite quadratic variation

Abstract : We study a pathwise integral with respect to paths of finite quadratic variation, defined as the limit of non-anticipative Riemann sums for gradient-type integrands. We show that the integral satisfies a pathwise isometry property, analogous to the well-known Ito isometry for stochastic integrals. This property is then used to represent the integral as a continuous map on an appropriately defined vector space of integrands. Finally, we obtain a pathwise 'signal plus noise' decomposition for regular functionals of an irregular path with non-vanishing quadratic variation, as a unique sum of a pathwise integral and a component with zero quadratic variation.
Keywords :
Type de document :
Pré-publication, Document de travail
A paraitre dans: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. 2016
Domaine :

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01286515
Contributeur : Rama Cont <>
Soumis le : lundi 29 août 2016 - 18:12:58
Dernière modification le : lundi 29 mai 2017 - 14:27:19
Document(s) archivé(s) le : mercredi 30 novembre 2016 - 14:32:50

Fichier

PathwiseIsometry.pdf
Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)

Identifiants

• HAL Id : hal-01286515, version 3

Citation

Anna Ananova, Rama Cont. Pathwise integration with respect to paths of finite quadratic variation. A paraitre dans: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. 2016. <hal-01286515v3>

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## Elementary and Intermediate Algebra: Concepts & Applications (6th Edition)

$-5\le x \le 7$
$\bf{\text{Solution Outline:}}$ Use the properties of inequality to solve the given inequality, $-18\le 4x+2\le30 .$ Then graph. In the graph above, a hollowed dot is used for $\lt$ or $\gt$. A shaded dot is used for $\le$ or $\ge.$ $\bf{\text{Solution Details:}}$ Using the properties of inequality, the given is equivalent to \begin{array}{l}\require{cancel} -18\le 4x+2\le30 \\\\ -18-2\le 4x+2-2\le30-2 \\\\ -20\le 4x\le28 \\\\ -\dfrac{20}{4}\le \dfrac{4x}{4}\le\dfrac{28}{4} \\\\ -5\le x \le 7 .\end{array} The graph includes the points from $-5$ (inclusive) to $7$ (inclusive).


text:
### Report: Video Captions Benefit Virtually All Students

By Leila Meyer 11/02/16

https://campustechnology.com/articles/2016/11/02/report-video-captions-benefit-virtually-all-students.aspx

The Oregon State University Ecampus Research Unit conducted the national study in collaboration with 3Play Media. The researchers surveyed 2,124 students across 15 public and private universities throughout the United States. Of all respondents, 19 percent reported hearing difficulties, and 37 reported vision difficulties. However, only 13 percent had registered with an office of disability services, and less than 12 percent reported they require academic accommodations.

The study revealed that students find closed captions and video transcripts helpful, whether the student is deaf or hard of hearing or not.

Key findings from the study:

• Almost 100 percent of survey respondents had at least one course — either face-to-face or online — that included some video content;
• 75 percent of students use captions as a learning aid in face-to-face and online classrooms;
• 98.6 percent of students who use captions say they are helpful;
• 71 percent of students without hearing difficulties use captions at least some of the time;
• Students reference video transcripts as a learning aid 85 percent of the time;
• 66 percent of English-as-a-second-language (ESL) students find captions extremely or very helpful;
• 61 percent of students with learning disabilities find captions helpful;
• More than one quarter of students were unsure about the availability of closed captions for video content in their course; and
• Almost one-in-five students were unsure about the availability of video transcripts for their course.

Further details about the study and a link to the full report can be found on 3Play Media’s site.

### Mobile: Best Apps, Games and Sites of the Last Year

https://thejournal.com/Articles/2016/01/05/Best-AppsGames-and-Sites-of-the-Last-Year.aspx

GameMaker: Studio
Pricing: Free, paid
Concepts: Digital creation, programming and coding, game design

GameMaker: Studio is a robust game-making tool that appeals to both entry-level novices and game-development pros alike.

The Orchestra
Pricing: $13.99 Concepts: Music theory, memorization, listening, part-whole relationships The Orchestra is an interactive iPad app for exploring classical music, the orchestra and orchestral instruments. WonderBox Grades: 2–8 Pricing: Free Concepts: Design, geography, curiosity, imagination, making new creations As its name suggests, WonderBox is an app that piques kids’ natural curiosity through video, drawing, taking pictures, messaging with family and friends and engaging in multistep challenges. A.D.A.M. Interactive Anatomy Online Grades: 9–12 Pricing: Free to try, paid Concepts: Anatomy, biology, memorization, part-whole relationships A.D.A.M. Interactive Anatomy Online is a 3D visualization and curriculum-development tool all about the human body. Teachers can select and create assignments that allow students to manipulate 3D images of the human body. Construct 2 Grades: 7–12 Pricing: Free, paid Concepts: Digital creation, programming and coding, game design Construct 2 is a Web-based 2D game-creation tool for students and teachers who want to get into game design without the need to know programming languages. Fruity Fractions Grades: 1–3 Pricing:$2.99
Concepts: Fractions, part-whole relationships

Set in a tropical jungle full of brightly colored fruit and animated birds, Fruity Fractions teaches fractions concepts to kids in first through third grades.

### Three really real questions about the future of virtual reality

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/07/virtual-reality-future-oculus-rift-vr

1. How mainstream is this technology really going to be?Facebook sees VR as the next big computing platform, but that will depend on it becoming a truly mainstream device
2. Will VR really be about more than gamesSome of the educational projects already unveiled – the British Museum’s use of VR to transport visitors back to the bronze age; Irish startup VR Education’s VR app based on the Apollo 11 moon landing; David Attenborough’s work with a special VR exhibit at London’s Natural History Museum; and NASA’s PlayStation VR demo of how VR could help its operators practise using robotic arms on the International Space Station – are among the more convincing arguments for modern VR being about more than just games or gimmicks.
3. Can our bodies and minds really cope with VR?

More on Oculus in this IMS blog: http://blog.stcloudstate.edu/ims/?s=oculus&submit=Search

### New Technology Allows Breakout Sessions for Large Online Video Classes

Zoom Breakout Rooms will allow instructors in video classes as large as 200 students to break into as many as 50 smaller groups. By Michael Hart 12/01/15

### Mobile video advertising is growing three times as fast as spending on desktop video

YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitch, BuzzFeed, and Snapchat videos are increasingly keeping audiences glued to their small screens, opening up new greenfield opportunities in advertising.

### The Deep Mind of Dennis Hassabis

#### In the race to recruit the best AI talent, Google scored a coup by getting the team led by a former video game guru and chess prodigy

https://medium.com/backchannel/the-deep-mind-of-demis-hassabis-156112890d8a

the only path to developing really powerful AI would be to use this unstructured information. It’s also called unsupervised learning— you just give it data and it learns by itself what to do with it, what the structure is, what the insights are.

One of the people you work with at Google is Geoff Hinton, a pioneer of neural networks. Has his work been crucial to yours?

Sure. He had this big paper in 2006 that rejuvenated this whole area. And he introduced this idea of deep neural networks—Deep Learning. The other big thing that we have here is reinforcement learning, which we think is equally important. A lot of what Deep Mind has done so far is combining those two promising areas of research together in a really fundamental way. And that’s resulted in the Atari game player, which really is the first demonstration of an agent that goes from pixels to action, as we call it.


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8494 articles  [version française]

inria-00126428, version 2

## Time- and Space-Efficient Evaluation of Some Hypergeometric Constants

Howard Cheng () a1, Guillaume Hanrot () b2, Emmanuel Thomé () b2, Eugene Zima () c3, Paul Zimmermann () b2

N° RR-6105 (2007)

Abstract: The currently best known algorithms for the numerical evaluation of hypergeometric constants such as $\zeta(3)$ to $d$ decimal digits have time complexity $O(M(d) \log^2 d)$ and space complexity of $O(d \log d)$ or $O(d)$. Following work from Cheng, Gergel, Kim and Zima, we present a new algorithm with the same asymptotic complexity, but more efficient in practice. Our implementation of this algorithm improves slightly over existing programs for the computation of $\pi$, and we announce a new record of 2 billion digits for $\zeta(3)$.

• a –  University of Lethbridge
• b –  INRIA
• c –  Wilfrid Laurier University
• 1:  Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
• University of Lethbridge
• 2:  CACAO (INRIA Lorraine - LORIA)
• CNRS : UMR7503 – INRIA – Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I – Université Nancy II – Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)
• 3:  Department of physics and computer science
• Wilfrid Laurier University
• Domain : Computer Science/Symbolic Computation
• Keywords : Hypergeometric constants – binary splitting – sieve
• Internal note : RR-6105
• Available versions :  v1 (2007-01-25) v2 (2007-01-25)

• inria-00126428, version 2
• oai:hal.inria.fr:inria-00126428
• From:
• Submitted on: Thursday, 25 January 2007 14:24:04
• Updated on: Thursday, 25 January 2007 14:24:36


text:
Number of solutions of Determinant

Algebra Level pending

$\left| \begin{matrix} \arcsin { x } & \arcsin { 2x } & \arcsin { 3x } \\ \arcsin { 3x } & \arcsin { x } & \arcsin { 2x } \\ \arcsin { 2x } & \arcsin { 3x } & \arcsin { x } \end{matrix} \right| =0$ If the number of solutions of the above determinant is $$A$$, find $$\dfrac{2016}A$$.

×


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# Multilevel nested glmer model (logistic regression) with 4 groups

I have 3 level nested data that is causing convergence problems (glmer function in lme4, R for multilevel logistic regression).

### The Data

Country(4 groups) -> School(100 groups) -> respondent
A respondent is nested within school, and the school (id number) is nested within country. Each school id.number is only within one country. So school-1 is only in Country-A.
Data is c.a. 8000 rows. Final model has 10 variables (three 2-level factors, 6 covariates + Country)

COUNTRY    SCHOOL  GENDER  RESPONSE.VAR ...
Cntry-A    1       m       0
Cntry-A    1       f       0
Cntry-A    2       m       1
Cntry-B    10      f       0
Cntry-B    10      f       1
Cntry-B    11      m       1
Cntry-C    100     f       0
Cntry-C    100     f       1
...        ...     ...     ...

### The problem

• Country has too few levels, four is not enough to have as a random intercept. But I wonder if it is okay to have so few groups for level-3 if level-2 has so many groups, because School is nested within Country?
• Because I am confident that four levels is not enough, and because I am actually interested in the country variable, I have included it as a fixed effect rather than random.
• I hypothesize that the effect of covariate1 on response.var is different within each country.

### The model

library(lme4)
with(Df,
glmer(response ~
covar1*country +
gender +
... +
(1|school),
family="binomial"))

### The question

• Why am I getting convergence warning for the final model? Can I trust the results?
• I have read a lot about this. Using more iterations and other optimizers sometimes fixes the problem. And using optimx fixes the problem as well. Running the model with many differnt optimizers (as suggested by lme4 auth) shows nearly identical results, so according to them I can ignore the convergence warnings.
• But I would like to use multiple imputation for the data. With imputed data I cant use optimx.
• I use grand mean centering for covariates.
• Am I defining the model correctly? Adding Country (interaction or just as main effect) creates convergence issues.
• Is it because the model has 100+ intercepts, one for each school. And a school is only within one country?

The default estimation procedure of glmer() is a Laplace approximation that is known not to be optimal for binary data. You could try using adaptive Gaussian quadrature by adjusting the nAGQ argument.

In addition, you could also have a look at the GLMMadaptive package that implements the adaptive Gausian quadrature rule in more general settings.

• Thank you for the suggestion of nAGQ argument, I was unaware of this. I'll see if it fixes the problem. I think the GLMMadaptive actually solved my problem. Super fast and no warnings while I got convergence warnings for same model in lme4 with nAGQ=20. Thanks a lot! Are there any major differences between Laplace approx and adaptive Gaussian q that affect the results, or something I should be aware of? Or can I treat the results the same way from lme4 and GLMMadaptive? – Helgi Guðmundsson Sep 4 '18 at 19:28
• The difference is in the approximation of the integrals over the random effects in the definition of the marginal log-likelihood. Laplace does a normal approximation to the integrand, whereas the adaptive Gaussian quadrature (AGQ) approximates the integrals by a finite sum. The advantage of the AGQ is that you can control the error of the approximation by increasing the number of quadrature points (though at the expense of computational time). If you're interested, you can find more info in my course notes available at drizopoulos.com/courses/EMC/CE08.pdf (Section 5.3). – Dimitris Rizopoulos Sep 4 '18 at 19:40
• Thanks a lot for your help. The notes will definitely come in handy. – Helgi Guðmundsson Sep 4 '18 at 20:30
• Hey, sorry to bother you again. I've been using your package (excellent package btw, solved most of my model problems so far). But is there a way for me to define a Null-model and get Std.Error and OddsRatio for the Null-model? I defined it as: mixed_model(fixed = response ~ 1, random = ~ 1|country, data = Dat, family = binomial()) – Helgi Guðmundsson Sep 23 '18 at 21:18
• That would be a null model for the mean part, but it still assumes that outcome measurements within country are correlated. – Dimitris Rizopoulos Sep 24 '18 at 6:42