text:
## If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Share and discuss.

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

MagsJ wrote:_

Sometimes the classics are all you need.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Ben JS wrote:
MagsJ wrote:[Croosh - R.I.P.]

Speaking of X: not to glorify suicide [made that mistake already], but.. -

XXXTENTACION - Jocelyn Flores
https://youtu.be/7XhwUbf_O9g

-
$uicideboy$ - Kill Yourself Part III

https://youtu.be/zTYLysnCDDs

Each self explanatory.

[Catchy, resonant and potentially really damaging.]

Well at least they make depressing songs sound good.. my go-to vibe was DJ Shadow’s’Dark Days’ coz my days were truly dark, but now they ain’t.

I only came across Croosh the other day.. it was the song that got me, then I looked up the story, and found out it was a tragedy.. got punched in the back of the neck, because he did a low blow, but being punched to the back of the neck is more off limits than a low blow.. didn’t know he R. I. P. d himself though.

[“Catchy, resonant and potentially really damaging.”]

Catchy.. resonant.. but I don’t find such songs damaging, but the opposite.. uplifting music repels me, for I’ll uplift myself when I’m ready.
The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

_
..Friday night feels.. feels like a Friday night.

origami wrote:
MagsJ wrote:

Sometimes the classics are all you need.

The last third of that song, reminds me of this.. a bit o Tribal beats!

The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

MagsJ wrote:_

The last third of that song, reminds me of this.. a bit o Tribal beats!

That is massive.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

I wish someone would remix it into a dubstep track to get rid of the housier parts and step on the gas with the bass.

The mix of the tribal beats with the chants and the bass is simply massive, what an excellent beat.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

MagsJ wrote:My go-to vibe was DJ Shadow’s’Dark Days’ coz my days were truly dark, but now they ain’t. [...] I don’t find such songs damaging, but the opposite..

To those suffering, such music can be cathartic. However, it's a volatile topic, even if no one's to blame.
I confess - I'm drawn to the tragic, melancholic and painful.

Go to suicide jams as teenager:

Silverchair - Emotion Sickness
https://youtu.be/g7XuQAXVuGM
-
Carissa's Weird - So You Wanna Be a Superhero

https://youtu.be/S7zHZrcHdxg
-
Machine Head - The Burning Red

https://youtu.be/rj2xMVRfVlg
-
Mudvayne - World So Cold

https://youtu.be/ZQ6D06to9Fc
-
Linkin Park - Breaking The Habit

https://youtu.be/GLQs0OrHiPY
-
Korn - Falling Away From Me

https://youtu.be/TRHsqUCuDWc
[bonus: https://youtu.be/Y__dHeLgBPM]
-
Horse The Band - Manateen

https://youtu.be/MXv81ohPooo
=
Spiritualized - Ladies and Gentleman We Are Floating in Space

https://youtu.be/5BVZbAPz9Bs
Less about suicide, and more about the response to it - similar to the Machine Head song.
-
And lastly, a recent addition outside my teenage jams:

Purple Mountains - All My Happiness Is Gone
https://youtu.be/sGIs1NWndjU
[and a song about his mother: https://youtu.be/WRe0v_RhxWk]

Off an album that revealed itself to be his suicide note.
He did so soon after releasing it.
-
-
I was a metalhead, but these were the lighter stuff.
Formerly known as: Joe Schmoe

As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn't leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I'd still be in prison. [...] For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others. - Mandela

Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering. - Dalai Lama

I can do no other than be reverent before everything that is called life. I can do no other than to have compassion for all that is called life. That is the beginning and the foundation of all ethics. - Schweitzer

If you have any sense my friend, don't plant anything but Love. - Rumi

To love is not to ask anything in return, not even to feel that you are giving something- and it is only such love that can know freedom. - Krishnamurti

We are one, after all, you and I, together we suffer, together exist and forever will recreate each other. - Chardin

Ben JS
Human Being

Posts: 2178
Joined: Thu Apr 19, 2012 9:12 am
Location: Australia

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

origami wrote:I wish someone would remix it into a dubstep track to get rid of the housier parts and step on the gas with the bass.

The mix of the tribal beats with the chants and the bass is simply massive, what an excellent beat.

Yea.. it only gets good (for me) at 4.45 minutes in when the bass kicks in.. though the buildup to it is ok, it’s long.. I guess it’s just one of those tracks.

The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Ben JS wrote:
MagsJ wrote:My go-to vibe was DJ Shadow’s’Dark Days’ coz my days were truly dark, but now they ain’t. [...] I don’t find such songs damaging, but the opposite..

To those suffering, such music can be cathartic. However, it's a volatile topic, even if no one's to blame.
I confess - I'm drawn to the tragic, melancholic and painful.

I’m not sure that that’s healthy, in being drawn to it.

I guess the naturally melancholic -of which I am one- do operate from a place of melancholia, but also from a fluctuating place of some or all of the other states, throughout the day.

I was a metalhead, but these were the lighter stuff.

Lol @ these were the lighter stuff.

Saturday day-time vibes, here.. brunch n TV, and music n dinner to follow later.
The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

MagsJ wrote:I only came across Croosh the other day.. it was the song that got me, then I looked up the story, and found out it was a tragedy.. got punched in the back of the neck, because he did a low blow, but being punched to the back of the neck is more off limits than a low blow.. didn’t know he R. I. P. d himself though.

This guy..

Prichard Colon.. still alive, but still a tragedy/a waste of his life.. caused by multiple blows to the back of the neck, by a guy who should have never been allowed to box again.

How he’s doing now: https://www.essentiallysports.com/boxin ... gal-shots/
The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

that’s effed up

Need dubstep version, stat. I'm upset that algorhythm was taken before Algorithm got to it. So there needs to be a new band: The Algorhythmics.
https://youtu.be/fEfLMod-Wqk
words are modulated music

Ichthus77
ILP Legend

Posts: 5467
Joined: Fri Sep 22, 2006 6:48 pm
Location: in, not of

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

MagsJ wrote:Lol @ these were the lighter stuff.

If you haven't been blessed with the relaxing tones of heavy metal, you're welcome for the following.

Jumping in the deep end with two cybergrind songs about heavy nihilism and death:

The Berzerker - No One Wins
https://youtu.be/5VPUyDMqa9w
-
Last Days of Humanity - A Divine Proclamation of Finishing the Present Existence
https://youtu.be/QBP8imm03Mo
Break down the title, it'll tell you enough.

-
And pulling back to melodic death metal, which is heavy but relatively accessible - and actually making the case against the above:

Dark Tranquility - Lost to Apathy
https://youtu.be/sE9Vov1ORh0

This song was insulting me. I am partial to self insults.
It asks people to care, and not throw it away to cynicism / apathy.
[the video has lyrics, so you can follow along at home!]

-
To understand these songs, I'd encourage you to look at them through the lens of anger / frustration. One is venting strong emotion, whilst also making the case for why or what they're angry about.

===

Sophie Koh - Yellow Rose
https://youtu.be/okNdiW615cc

I interpret thing song to be about self acceptance and love. Went all about seeking, only to find the treasure within. I'm probably wrong, but grant me vices.
Formerly known as: Joe Schmoe

As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn't leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I'd still be in prison. [...] For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others. - Mandela

Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering. - Dalai Lama

I can do no other than be reverent before everything that is called life. I can do no other than to have compassion for all that is called life. That is the beginning and the foundation of all ethics. - Schweitzer

If you have any sense my friend, don't plant anything but Love. - Rumi

To love is not to ask anything in return, not even to feel that you are giving something- and it is only such love that can know freedom. - Krishnamurti

We are one, after all, you and I, together we suffer, together exist and forever will recreate each other. - Chardin

Ben JS
Human Being

Posts: 2178
Joined: Thu Apr 19, 2012 9:12 am
Location: Australia

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

You didn't spend enough time partying man. How many of these great hits do you remember?

There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

here's a super depressing one for all you suicide music lovers

pending

Mr Reasonable
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Posts: 32190
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Location: pimping a hole straight through the stratosphere itself

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

but here's what i'm actually listening to

pending

Mr Reasonable
resident contrarian

Posts: 32190
Joined: Sat Mar 17, 2007 8:54 am
Location: pimping a hole straight through the stratosphere itself

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Mr Reasonable wrote:here's a super depressing one for all you suicide music lovers

Only one person expressed that sentiment, I’m sure.
The possibility of anything we can imagine existing is endless and infinite.. ~MagsJ

I haven't got the time to spend the time reading something that is telling me nothing, as I will never be able to get back that time, and I may need it for something important at some point in time.. Huh!? ~MagsJ

You’re suggestions and I just simply don’t mix.. like oil on water, or a very bad DJ ~MagsJ

Examine what is said, not him who speaks ~Arab proverb

aes Sanātana Dharma Pali: the eternal way ~it should not be rigid, but inclusive of the best of all knowledge for the sake of Ṛta.. which is endless.

MagsJ
The Londonist: a chic geek

Posts: 24791
Joined: Wed Nov 01, 2006 2:59 pm
Location: Suryaloka / LDN Town

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

well it's for them then
pending

Mr Reasonable
resident contrarian

Posts: 32190
Joined: Sat Mar 17, 2007 8:54 am
Location: pimping a hole straight through the stratosphere itself

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Mr Reasonable,

I thought that was Layne Staley - very distinctive style. Only ever listened to him in Alice In Chains.
A dude who undoubtedly sincere with his craft, channelling his inner turmoil.
-
Hope you're well, man.

====
====

I'll probably stop spamming music after this -

Love songs, primarily romantic:

Johnny Bristol - I Wouldn't Change A Thing
https://youtu.be/hWIwJK409ME

Bette Middler - The Rose
https://youtu.be/R24QGtBDf4k

Adam Sandler - Grow Old With You
https://youtu.be/mKs3bybeTO8

Frou Frou - Let Go
https://youtu.be/13WAhlE02ew

Lighthouse Family - High
https://youtu.be/0LpW0N5zeHU

Mitski - Two Slow Dancers
https://youtu.be/KUfkfJfsKrc

The Magnetic Fields - The Book of Love
https://youtu.be/XoAydx7Anuc

Steve Earle - Every Part of Me
https://youtu.be/hf_jEKZ77So
Formerly known as: Joe Schmoe

As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn't leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I'd still be in prison. [...] For to be free is not merely to cast off one’s chains, but to live in a way that respects and enhances the freedom of others. - Mandela

Compassion is the wish to see others free from suffering. - Dalai Lama

I can do no other than be reverent before everything that is called life. I can do no other than to have compassion for all that is called life. That is the beginning and the foundation of all ethics. - Schweitzer

If you have any sense my friend, don't plant anything but Love. - Rumi

To love is not to ask anything in return, not even to feel that you are giving something- and it is only such love that can know freedom. - Krishnamurti

We are one, after all, you and I, together we suffer, together exist and forever will recreate each other. - Chardin

Ben JS
Human Being

Posts: 2178
Joined: Thu Apr 19, 2012 9:12 am
Location: Australia

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

i think mad season was kind of a short lived, single album rehab kind of band. you know he was dead for weeks before anyone knew and when they discovered his corpse it weighed something like less than 90lbs. the dude had some real pain, recorded a lot of it. if you haven't seen the mtv unplugged set for alice in chains, definitely give it a watch. they'd been off tour for years and they coerced him to come out and do that gig. 1st song was nutshell and he hadn't performed in a few years. wild watching that one the way he kind of came out uncomfortable and then got back into the groove over the course of the set. quality stuff for sure.
pending

Mr Reasonable
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Posts: 32190
Joined: Sat Mar 17, 2007 8:54 am
Location: pimping a hole straight through the stratosphere itself

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

origami wrote:You didn't spend enough time partying man. How many of these great hits do you remember?

Let's see. We start with one of Ferry's classic tracks -- a remix of Samuel Barber's Adagio for Strings. I loved it. It's hard not to love Adagio for Strings regardless of the shape it takes.

Next we have "Da Hool" and a track I hated. Although this is some sort of remix I never heard of. Not impressed either.

Mauro Picotto, Lange, Ayla/ATB . . . I'm aware of the existence of these tracks but I wouldn't be able to recognize them if you played them to me. Everyone knows about "9 PM" but noone knows about this remix. Kamaya Painters . . . isn't that Tiesto?

Art of Trance, "Madagascar" and Ferry Corsten's remix. To be honest, I prefer the original. Ever heard it? The combination of the rhythm and that acid sound at 4:22 is mesmerizing. In general, I enjoy everything by Art of Trance / Union Jack / whatever the guy's real name is (Simon Berry?) As an example.

Vincent De Moor . . . at this point, I think I am having enough with all this European Trance stuff. Chakra . . . don't know who that is. Kamaya Painters again. Can we hear something else please?

And just as I asked, they dropped one of my personal favorites. "Strange World" by Push. That's a bomb.

Never heard of the next track. Peran van Dijk? Who the fuck is that? Vincent de Moor again. Ayla again. Come on, people. Svendson and someone. Next. Binary Finary track I am aware of but don't care about it. Fast forward to "Voyage" by Yahel. Aware of that one, an okayish track. "Carte Blanche", a well known track, and a good one. "Join Me" by Lightforce is a track I totally forgot about. I remember liking it.

And that's it.

So from 1 to 10, how much time did I spend partying?

Here's something Eastern. I am sure people here love Eastern melodies.

This one is a bit over-sexualized in a way. 1:51 is just pure sex.
Magnus Anderson
ILP Legend

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### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

You got me, I don't remember any of those names. I just remember hearing those songs at parties.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Like this track.

There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

We acknowledge this entry with great respect.

There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

Can't say I'm too crazy about the overuse of high hats. But proper respect for bass is essencial and appreciated.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

It is possible that it can be said that there exist two approaches to trance: the intellectual approach and the party approach.

The party approach looks for hitting the spot melodies like the addaggio and series of crescendoes and drops that make for a pleasant dance experience.

The intellectual approach, psytrancy or housy type stuff, is more about lounging and decanting. I'm not a fan, I believe other forms of electronic music are more suited. But I'm not angry at it.
There's no one thing that's true. It's all true.
Ernest Hemingway

origami
Philosopher

Posts: 2101
Joined: Wed Jun 15, 2022 2:47 pm

### Re: If You're Listening To Music Right Now III

origami wrote:
MagsJ wrote:_

The last third of that song, reminds me of this.. a bit o Tribal beats!

That is massive.

That is true. There's something real to that track.
Magnus Anderson
ILP Legend

Posts: 6076
Joined: Mon Mar 17, 2014 7:26 pm

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# Knowledge Bank

## University Libraries and the Office of the Chief Information Officer

The Knowledge Bank is scheduled for regular maintenance on Sunday, April 20th, 8:00 am to 12:00 pm EDT. During this time users will not be able to register, login, or submit content.

# MOLECULAR ROTATION IN QUANTUM LIQUIDS

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/1811/20848

Files Size Format View
2003-RB-02.jpg 181.2Kb JPEG image

 Title: MOLECULAR ROTATION IN QUANTUM LIQUIDS Creators: Sartakov, Boris G.; Vilesov, Andrey F.; Toennies, J. Peter Issue Date: 2003 Abstract: Rotationally resolved IR spectra of molecules and hydrogen clusters trapped in $^{4}He$ and mixed $^{3}He/^{4}He$ droplets are presented. The newest analysis of spectra in terms of effective rotational constants of $OCS-(pH_{2})_{n}$ and $OCS-(oD_{2})_{n}$ complexes with $n=11,{\ldots}16$ is presented. Whereas molecular rotation in $^{4}He$ can be modelled by a free rotor with effective rotational constants the effect of interaction between a molecule and its H2 solvation shell is more pronounced. Analysis of the spectra within the frameworks of a rigid symmetric $H_{2}$ shell proves the inconsistency of the rigid shell model with the experimental observations. Furthermore it suggests existence of some low energy excitations $(E{\sim}0.1 cm^{-1})$ which are tentatively assigned to tunnelling states of the $H_{2}$ cluster. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/1811/20848 Other Identifiers: 2003-RB-02

format: plain


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# How do you prove Cosx + (sinxtanx) = secx?

$\cos x + \sin x \cdot \left(\sin \frac{x}{\cos} x\right) = \frac{{\cos}^{2} x + {\sin}^{2} x}{\cos} x = \frac{1}{\cos} x = \sec x .$


text:
## Introductory Algebra for College Students (7th Edition)

The quarterback chose the number $\pi$, which is an irrational number, meaning that it has an infinite number of non-repeating digits in the decimal part, so it never terminates. Thus, the ball will never be hiked, as $\pi$ will never be reached (by listing the decimal digits). Makes sense.


text:
Formats
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### Abstract

Using explicit theoretical models, this study analyzes the economic impact of alternative vertical coordination mechanisms in a three-stages production-marketing chain where interactions among multiples players at each stage, among players at different stages, and the price, output and welfare impact of such strategic behavior were computed. Policy implications are discussed.


text:
Browse Questions

# When a liquid is heated in a glass vessel, its coefficient of apparent expansion is $1.03 \times 10^{-3}/^{\circ}C$. When the same liquid is heated in a copper vessel, its coefficient of apparent expansion is $1.006 \times 10^{-3}/^{\circ}C$.If the coefficient of linear expansion of copper is $17 \times 10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$, then the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass is

$\begin {array} {1 1} (1)\;8.5 \times 10^{-4}/^{\circ}C & \quad (2)\;9 \times 10^{-6}/^{\circ}C \\ (3)\;27 \times 10^{-6}/^{\circ}C & \quad (4)\;10 \times 10^{-4}/^{\circ}C \end {array}$

(2) $9 \times 10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$


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# Homework Help: Finitely generated abelian groups

1. Mar 4, 2008

### ehrenfest

[SOLVED] finitely generated abelian groups

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
My book states that
$$(\mathbb{Z} \times\mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z})/(d_1\mathbb{Z} \times d_2\mathbb{Z} \times \cdots d_s\mathbb{Z} \times {0} \times \cdots \times {0})$$
is isomorphic to
$$\mathbb{Z}_{d_1} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}_{d_s} \times \mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}$$

with absolutely no explanation of any sort. I don't know why this is so obvious to everyone because it is NOT TRUE that you can just mod out things by there components as you can clearly see from the fact that: (Z_4 \times Z_6)/<(2,3)> is not isomorphic to Z_2 \times Z_3.
I have absolutely no idea what thought process went into that statement above and why they think they can just mod things out by there components when that is just wrong.

2. Relevant equations

3. The attempt at a solution

Last edited: Mar 4, 2008
2. Mar 5, 2008

### morphism

Modding out by <(2,3)> is not quite like what they're doing.

Can you think of a surjective homomorphism from RxS onto (R/I) x (S/J)? What's its kernel?

3. Mar 5, 2008

### ehrenfest

Define a homomorphism \phi: $$(\mathbb{Z} \times\mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}) \to \mathbb{Z}_{d_1} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}_{d_s} \times \mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}$$

as follows. For each of the components 1 \leq i \leq s, take that coordinate to itself mod d_i. For the rest of the cosets take that coordinate to itself. Then the kernel is obviously what we are modding out by. Then apply the first isomorphism theorem. Wow.

Last edited: Mar 5, 2008


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# depending

1. Depending on ${\displaystyle x}$, means that the truth of what you say is affected by ${\displaystyle x}$.


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# Symmetric cryptography

Symmetric cryptography

# Principles of symmetric cryptography

• Same key used for encryption and decryption
• $E_{k}(M)=C$ ; M = plaintext (Message) , k = key, C = cipher text
• $D_{k}(C)=M$
• Fast and Efficient compared to asymmetric systems
• Fairly small key size
• Have long history (weakness are likely to be found).
• Key management is problematic
• Can be divided into two groups Block and Stream ciphers

• Unbreakable cryptosystem (in theory)
• No practical use
• Message is XOR:ed with random key
• $C=M\oplus k$
• $M=C\oplus k$
• Cannot be broken without knowing key
• Key has to be same size as Message
• Key has to be totally random
• Otherwise attacker attacks against key generation.
• Key cannot be reused
• How to store the key or do the key exchange
• securing the key is similar problem as securing the message

## Stream ciphers

• Pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that is initialized with key.
• Initialization vector (IV) is usually used along with the key.
• Encryption is done by XOR:ing plain-text and bit-stream from PRNG $C=PRNG(k)\oplus M$
• The amount of bits handled at a time depends on the implementation.
• One byte is quite common.
• the amount of bits handled at a time affects on speed and hardware requirements.
• The change is dependant on plain character and the value coming from PRNG
• Security depends on the PRNG algorithm and key
• Output should resemble real randomness
• next output bit from algorithm should not be predictable without knowing used key
• Repeating bit patterns should be long
• The longer the sequence the harder it is to attack against
• output should pass randomness tests
• In long run all possible values should be equally represented
• Some algorithms: RC4/ARCFOUR,SEAL, A5

## LFSR sequences

• Linear feedback shift register
• simple way to generate pseudorandom bit stream
• fast but not very secure
• short LFSR example $x_{m+3}=x_{m+1}+x_{m}\:mod(2)$
• initial bitstream has to be 3 bits
• sequences repeat quite fast

## Stream cipher - RC4 /ARCFOUR/ARC4

• RC4 is pseudo random number generator.
• Generator is initialised with the key
• the result of PRNG is XORed with the plaintext
• 8-byte RC4 consists of 8*8 S-box, where is 256 elements that contains values 0-255 and which content changes during encryption
• Initialisation
• Initialisation of S-box: $S_{0}=0,S_{1}=1\ldots S_{255}=255$
• Initialisation of 256 bits vector K with key: $K_{0},K_{1}\ldots K_{255}$
• if key is less than 256 bits it can be repeated in order to get 256 bits j
• Run algorithm:
for i = 0 to 255;
$j=(j+ +)$
$j=(j+S_{i}+K_{i})\,mod\,256$
$swap(S_{i},S_{j})$
• Encryption
• Generating random byte with following algorithm. i and j are initially 0
$i=(i+1)\: mod\:256$
$j=(j+S_{i})\: mod\:256$
$swap(S_{i},S_{j})$
$t=(S_{i}+S_{j})\: mod\:256$
$K=S_{t}$
• In encryption the generated byte and plaintext byte are XOR:ed
• Original WLAN WEP uses RC4 with 40 bit key.

## Block ciphers

• Plaintext is divided in blocks and the blocks are encrypted one after another.
• All bits in the block affect to the encryption result (i.e. if one bit changes the encryption result is totally different)
• Different methods for combining the blocks to each other
• Can be used as a primitive for different kind of security systems
• e.g. hash value generation.
• Corner stones for block cipher are high diffusion and confusion (terms introduced by Shannon 1949)
• Diffusion: hides the relation between plaintext and ciphertext
• statistical structure of plain text is hidden inside the cipher text
• One bit in plaintext affect on several bits in cipher text
• Confusion: hides the relation between key and cipher text
• Achieved by complex substitution algorithm
• Basic operations: Subsitution and transposition
• Some algorithms: DES,3DES,Rijndael (AES) ,Blowfish

## Block cipher: DES

• Was accepted as a standard in USA November 23 1976
• AES replaced DES 2001 after open competition.
• DES serves as good example of block cipher functionality
• Uses both substitution and transposition techniques.
• Both techniques are used several times in 16 cycles of operation.
• It is hard to follow one bit change through all the 16 cycles.
• Key length is 64-bits
• In practise any 56-bit value fits as a key
• Is no longer secure against brute-force attacks, but the algorithm functionality is interesting.
• DES in action
• The data is divided in 64 bit blocks which all are encrypted one after another
• Initial permutation
• The bits in plaintext are changing their location
• No effect on security of algorithm
• Done for helping hardware implementation

## DES - key generation for cycles

• The encryption key is shortened by dropping out every 8th bit from the key by using following permutation
• This means that when creating key, 56-bit key can be created and after every 8 bits one bit is added as a parity bit. (MSB is bit number one)
• 56-bit key is divided in half
• Depending on the cycle, the bits of key are shifted to left either one or two bits
• After shifting the key halves are concatenated together again.
• The key is now run through compression permutation in order to get 48-bit key for the round.
• bits 9,18,22,25,35,38,43,54 are left out from key
• Expansion permutation (E-box)
• The 64-bit block is divided in two 32-bit halves
• Right half of block is expanded to 48 bits
• Goals of expansion
• Expand the block to same size as key
• Bigger result that can be compressed later in substitution box.
• The output relies more on single bits
• The output of E-box is XORed with 48-bit key
• Substitution ( S-Box)
• There are 8 different s-boxes which all contain 4 rows and 16 columns
• The result of E-box XORed with 48-bit key is divided in 8 6-bit subblocks a.
• Each sub-block are fed in their owwn S-box
• The first and sixth bit of sub-block tell which row is used
• The middle 4 bits show from which column the substitution value is taken
• Thus 4-bits are the output of S-box and 8*4-bits = 32 bits is the output of whole substitution process
• Permutation (P-Box)
• The output of S-box is run through simple permutation
• The result of P-box is XOR:ed with the 32-bit left half of block and becomes the new right half.
• New left half is the previous right half.
• After 16 rounds final permutation is done to concatenated left and right half
• All blocks are handled similarly

## DES decryption

• Same algortihm is used for decryption.
• Only difference is by generating the keys for cycles
• In decryption the geenrated keys are used in reverse order (i.e. key for cycle 16 is used first and so on)

## Security of DES

• Weak keys
• Produce only 1 key instead of 16T
• Rather weak keys
• Produce only two different keys .
• key pair provides same result no matter which of the keys is used.
• Possibly weak keys
• Produce only 4 different keys
• total of $4+12+48=64$ risky keys out of $72\,057\,594\,037\,927\,936$ possible keys.

## Combining block cipher blocks

• Block cipher returns a fixed size block of encrypted data. These blocks has to be combined somehow.
• The different block combining methods are called modes of operation.
• Modes are independent from the block cipher algorithms
• Modes affect significantly on the security and speed of encrypting.

## Electronic Code Book (ECB)

• Encrypted blocks are just concatenated one after another.
• Pros
• Simple and fast.
• Easy to parallerize.
• Blocks can be decrypted in any order
• One corrupted block does not mess other message
• Cons
• Input to cipher is not randomized
• Repeating structures in text are not hidden
• Codebook attacks
• The order of blocks can be switched
• Blocks can be added or removed without notice
• Too small block requires padding

## Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)

• Blocks are chained to each other
• The result of previous block encryption is combined with current block, before current block is encrypted
• XOR function is used for combination.
• On decryption, the result of decrypted block is XOR:ed with the current encrypted block
• $C_{i}=E_{k}(P_{i}\oplus C_{i-1})$
• Initialization vector (IV) is used for XOR:ing the first block
• IV is same size as the block of a cipher
• IV can be for example random data or timestamp
• IV will hide regularities in the beginning of the message.
• recurring headers of a document for example
• Pros
• Repeating patterns in plain text are covered
• With the use of IV encryption of same text with same key does not look same
• more than one message can be encrypted with same key.
• It is hard to change the places of blocks that have been encrypted
• Cons
• Slower than ECB (Due the extra XOR)
• Requires IV
• Cipher text is longer by the size of IV
• Parallerization of algorithm is not possible
• No possibility to do precalculation
• Too short blocks require padding
• Previous blocks has to be decrypted before current block
• It is possible to add blocks at the end of message.
• One bit error in block messes the current block and causes one bit error in the next block at the location of faulty bit (self healing)
• Adding or removing one bit messes the whole encryption

## Cipher-Feedback Mode (CFB)

• Making block-cipher to stream cipher with feedback from cipher stream.
• Encryption can be done in smaller blocks: $n\leq cipher\, block\, size$ (n-bit CFB)
• Functionality:
• Queue (shoft register) is filled first with IV
• Queue is encrypted and n-bits from left are XOR:ed with plaintext
• The result of XOR is sent forward as well as added at the end of queue
• The first n-bits of queu are removed and the queue is encrypted again
• Decryption is done in reverse order.
• Pros
• Repeating patterns in plain text are covered
• More messages can be encrypted with same key
• Message can be encrypted in smaller blocks.
• Good avalanche effect
• Only encryption algorithm has to be implemented.
• On some block ciphers decryption differs significantly from encryption
• cons
• Encryption cannot be parallerized
• Errors spread widely i.e. affect on the rest of message
• Other weaknesses that affect on stream ciphers.

## Output-Feedback mode (OFB)

• Making block cipher to streamcipher with feedback from encryption function
• IV is used in initialization
• Feedback is not dependant from plain/ciphertext
• $C_{i}=P_{i}\oplus S_{i}\:;\: S_{i}=E_{k}(S_{i-1})$
• For security reasons the feedback should be same size as the block used in cipher (in case of DES 64 bits)
• Pros
• Repeating patterns in plain text are covered
• Randomisation due the IV
• more messages can be encrypted with same key
• Key stream can be calculated beforehand (encryption is done with plain XOR)
• No need for padding message
• Only encryption algorithm has to be implemented.
• Cons
• Changes in the plaintext show directly in cipher text (not problem with proper IV)
• No avalanche effect
• Size of final encrypted text is P+IV
• Other common stream cipher problems

## Counter Mode (CTR)

• Making Block cipher to work like Stream cipher, with encrypting increasing counter value
• Counter is same size as cipher block
• Block cipher is used to encrypt a counter value with key. The result is XOR:ed with plaintext
• $C_{i}=P_{i}\oplus E_{k}(Counter_{i})$
• IV can be used to hide regularities in plaintext
• IV can be XORed, added or concatenated with the counter (the result should be same size as the block)
• Pros
• Repeating patterns in plain text are covered
• Randomisation due the IV
• Only encryption algorithm has to be implemented.
• Can be parallelized
• Supports random access.
• Key can be preprocesses, because there is no link to plaintext
• No need for padding message
• Cons
• Changes in the plaintext show directly in cipher text (not problem with proper IV)
• No avalanche effect
• Size of final encrypted text is P+IV
• Other common stream cipher problems

• Block cipher needs fixed size input and thus too small block has to be padded
• Some hash functions also require padding
• For short messages in RSA padding is also suggested to make cryptoanalysis harder


text:
# is it possible to get Z-score ranging from -17 to +20

I have a data set in which I am trying to find outliers. I am using python libraries to get the Z-score value using below code :

df['z_score']=stats.zscore(df[column_Name])
new_df=df.loc[df['z_score'].abs()>3]

Now the problem is that I get a good percent of my sample data which is having Z-Score > 3 or <-3. And due to which I cant drop it.

So, I checked the Z-Scores for all these columns and rows. The value of Z-Score is ranging from -17 to +20. Is it normal to get so high values of Z-Scores. And what does it shows about my data?

And in this case, how should I proceed, clearly I cant have Z-Score compared with 3. So, how do we do this in real world.

I am new to data science, I googled but did not find much help regarding this. So any leads will be appreciated.
Also, I am not able to understand this range of -5 to 10 which gets displayed at the bottom of box plot. If I look at that, it looks like the data beyond this value of -5 to 10 is my outlier.

• Is $z$-score basically the mean value divided by standard deviation? In that case it is perfectly normal. But what do you want to achieve with your analysis? – Ott Toomet Jun 6 at 19:53
• Please do say what you want to do with your data. A number of common tests make assumptions that this tendency to have extreme points (the high kurtosis I mention in my answer) might violate quite severely. – Dave Jun 6 at 20:07
• i wanted to find out the outliers and drop them to better tune my model – Onki Jun 7 at 0:34
• We generally discourage dropping extreme points. What do you want to model? – Dave Jun 7 at 5:51
• The master is against outlier detection: statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2014/06/02/…. Plenty of people will do it, but Gelman is right that statisticians tend not to think highly of it. What would you want to do with your data after you’ve discarded the outliers, though? – Dave Jun 7 at 15:49

This is totally fine. It might be inconvenient, but it doesn’t meant that there’s something wrong with the data.

What it means is that your data set is more prone to extreme observations than a normal distribution with the same variance. For a norma distribution, you have about a $$0.06\%$$ chance of getting an observation with a z-score of magnitude greater than $$3$$, and it’s extraordinarily unusual to observe z-scores with magnitudes like $$17$$ and $$20$$.

So you don’t have a normal distribution.

This is related to a quantity called kurtosis, which quantifies the propensity of a distribution to have extreme values. Every normal distribution has a kurtosis of $$3$$. If you stick your data into R and call kurtosis in the moments package, I would expect you to get quite a bit higher value than 3. The Python implementation, since you’re into Python, is scipy.stats.kurtosis, though I think scipy subtracts 3 to give you the so-called excess kurtosis.

$$Z$$-scores with magnitude $$\sim 15$$ are extremely uncommon given that your data is drawn from a normal distribution. If the underlying population has heavy tails (i.e. $$t$$ or Cauchy distribution) or if there is heavy skew (i.e. exponential, lognormal) then it is not uncommon for a $$Z$$-score to be much larger than $$3$$.

For example, consider taking $$n=10000$$ draws from (i) a normal distribution, (ii) a $$T$$ distribution with $$3$$ degrees of freedom and (iii) an Exponential distribution. This figure shows the Z-scores corresponding to each distribution. Notice that the range of the Z-scores corresponding to the $$t$$-distribution is quite extreme, i.e. $$-15$$ to $$15$$.

So what does this tell you about your data? I would say that you can safely conclude that a normal distribution is not an appropriate model for your data. Based on your provided boxplots, the data is generated by a distribution with heavy tails.


text:
Pierluca D'Oro*, Alberto Maria Metelli*, Andrea Tirinzoni, Matteo Papini, and Marcello Restelli

Workshop on Meta-Learning (MetaLearn 2019) @NeurIPS 2019, 2019.

Abstract
Traditional MBRL approaches learn a model of the environment dynamics without explicitly considering how it will be used by the agent. In the presence of misspecified model classes, this can lead to poor estimates, as some relevant information is ignored. In this paper, we introduce a model-based policy search approach that, by meta-learning, exploits the knowledge of the current agent policy to learn an approximate transition model, focusing on the portions of the environment that are most relevant for policy improvement. We integrate gradient-aware model learning into a batch policy improvement algorithm, named Gradient-Aware Model-based Policy Search (GAMPS), which iteratively learns a transition model and uses it, together with the collected trajectories, to update the policy. Finally, we empirically validate GAMPS on benchmark domains analyzing and discussing its properties.

 @article{doro2019gradientWorkshop,
}


text:
Table of Contents [ hide] 1 NumPy Matrix transpose () Inverse of an identity [I] matrix is an identity matrix [I]. matrix.transpose (*axes) ¶ Returns a view of the array with axes transposed. np.atleast2d(a).T achieves this, as does a[:, np.newaxis]. Transpose of a matrix is a task we all can perform very easily in python (Using a nested loop). a_{1} & b_{1} & c_{1} \\ 67 & 19 & 21 \\ To add, the matrices will make use of a for-loop that will loop through both the matrices given. In Python, the arrays are represented using the list data type. $$. We will compute the value of the second order determinant below in NumPy,$$ the number of people) and ˉx is the m… The data inside the two-dimensional array in matrix format looks as follows: Create Python Matrix using a nested list data type. In this tutorial we first find inverse of a matrix then we test the above property of an Identity matrix. To multiply them will, you can make use of the numpy dot() method. The data inside the first row, i.e., row1, has values 2,3,4, and row2 has values 5,6,7. $$, Multiplying the first equation by b_{2} and the second by b_{1} we get,$$ 3 & 4 \\ To multiply the matrices, we can use the for-loop on both the matrices as shown in the code below: The python library Numpy helps to deal with arrays. Earlier, Erik Ivar Fredholm had introduced the concept of a pseudoinverse of integral operators in 1903. This is the complete Python code to derive the population covariance matrix using the numpy package:. $$,$$ (To change between column and row vectors, first cast the 1-D array into a … Create a matrix containing complex elements and compute its nonconjugate transpose. 81 & 24 & 26 a_{2} & b_{2} & c_{2} \\ Variance measures the variation of a single random variable (like the height of a person in a population), whereas covariance is a measure of how much two random variables vary together (like the height of a person and the weight of a person in a population). $$,$$ $$. Let's take a matrix X, having the following elements: To find the length of a numpy matrix in Python you can use shape which is a property of both numpy ndarray's and matrices.. A.shape. Taking that into consideration, we will how to get the rows and columns from the matrix. The permutation matrix is represented as a list of positive integers, plus zero. It can be done really quickly using the built-in zip function. In the example, we are printing the 1st and 2nd row, and for columns, we want the first, second, and third column. Numpy.dot() is the dot product of matrix M1 and M2. The transpose () function from Numpy can be used to calculate the transpose of a matrix. But there are some interesting ways to do the same in a single line. Subtracting the second equation from the first, we get. a_{1} & b_{1} \\ matrix. Python matrix can be created using a nested list data type and by using the numpy library. As you can see, it results to a single number. In this case 2. - YouTube a_{1}x + b_{1}y + c_{1}z = 0 \\ A more convenient approach is to transpose the corresponding row vector. The data inside the matrix are numbers. b_{2} & c_{2} \\ a_{3} & b_{3} \\ it exchanges the rows and the columns of the input matrix. The transpose of a matrix is calculated by changing the rows as columns and columns as rows. Python has a numerical library called NumPy which has a function called numpy.linalg.det() to compute the value of a determinant. To calculate the inverse of a matrix in python, a solution is to use the linear algebra numpy method linalg.Example A = \left( \begin{array}{ccc} The transpose() function from Numpy can be used to calculate the transpose of a matrix. The 0th row is the [2,4,6,8,10], 1st row is [3,6,9,-12,-15] followed by 2nd and 3rd. The first start/end will be for the row, i.e to select the rows of the matrix. Here's how it would look: matrix = [[1,2][3.4][5,6]] zip(*matrix) Your output for the code above would simply be the transposed matrix. import numpy as np A = [45,37,42,35,39] B = [38,31,26,28,33] C = [10,15,17,21,12] data = np.array([A,B,C]) …$$, $$You can also import Numpy using an alias, as shown below: We are going to make use of array() method from Numpy to create a python matrix. A matrix has to be square matrix for computing the transpose of that matrix. + \begin{vmatrix} We consider a couple of homogeneous linear equations in two variables x and y,$$ Given a matrix, we need to store the transpose in the same matrix and display it. = To perform slicing on a matrix, the syntax will be M1[row_start:row_end, col_start:col_end]. 1) Frank Aryes, Jr., Theory and Problems of Matrices. The matrix operation that can be done is addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose, reading the rows, columns of a matrix, slicing the matrix, etc. It has two rows and 2 columns. And you go all the way to a sub m n. This is our matrix right here. Python does not have a straightforward way to implement a matrix data type. Numpy processes an array a little faster in comparison to the list. 1 & 2 \\ 0 In mathematics, and in particular linear algebra, the Moore–Penrose inverse + of a matrix is the most widely known generalization of the inverse matrix. 0 b_{3} & c_{3} \\ If the start index is not given, it is considered as 0. c_{3} & a_{3} \\ The data that is entered first will... What is Unit Testing? Transpose of a Python Matrix Transpose of a matrix basically involves the flipping of matrix over the corresponding diagonals i.e. = $$,$$ Here we will see also how to use pointers to allocate memory dynamically for array using malloc function. The columns col1 has values 2,5, col2 has values 3,6, and col3 has values 4,7. Each element is treated as a row of the matrix. A Python matrix is a specialized two-dimensional rectangular array of data stored in rows and columns. Method 1 - Matrix transpose using Nested Loop - #Original Matrix x = [[ 1 , 2 ],[ 3 , 4 ],[ 5 , 6 ]] result = [[ 0 , 0 , 0 ], [ 0 , 0 , 0 ]] # Iterate through rows for i in range ( len ( x )): #Iterate through columns for j in range ( len ( x [ 0 ])): result [ j ][ i ] = x [ i ][ j ] for r in Result print ( r ) Matrix is one of the important data structures that can be used in mathematical and scientific calculations. A and B share the same dimensional space. Numpy transpose function reverses or permutes the axes of an array, and it returns the modified array. Matrix multiplication, specifically, calculating the dot product of metrics, is a common task in deep learning, especially when … Access matrix elements, rows and columns We will create a 3x3 matrix, as shown below: The matrix inside a list with all the rows and columns is as shown below: So as per the matrix listed above the list type with matrix data is as follows: We will make use of the matrix defined above. Python does not have a straightforward way to implement a matrix data type. To perform subtraction on the matrix, we will create two matrices using numpy.array() and subtract them using the (-) operator. Matrix Transpose using Nested List Comprehension ''' Program to transpose a matrix using list comprehension''' X = [[12,7], [4 ,5], [3 ,8]] result = [[X[j][i] for j in range(len(X))] for i in range(len(X[0]))] for r in result: print(r) The output of this program is the same as above. The above determinant consists of two rows and two columns, and on expansion each of its term is the product of two quantities. Transpose of a matrix can be calculated as exchanging row by column and column by row's elements, for example in above program the matrix contains all its elements in following ways: matrix [0] [0] = 1 matrix [0] [1] = 2 matrix [1] [0] = 3 matrix [1] [1] = 4 matrix [2] [0] = 5 matrix [2] [1] = 6 and the expression on the left is known as the determinant. To multiply them will, you can make use of numpy dot() method. For a 2-D array, this is a standard matrix transpose. The columns, i.e., col1, have values 2,4, and col2 has values 3,5. The transpose of the 1D array is still a 1D array. Here is an example showing how to get the rows and columns data from the matrix using slicing. The matrix M1 has 5 columns. a_{1} The code for this is. a_{2} & b_{2} \\ We can compute dot product of the two NumPy arrays using np.dot() function that takes the two 1d-array as inputs. If we have an array of shape (X, Y) then the transpose of the array will have the shape (Y, X). a_{1}x + b_{1}y = 0 \\ \end{vmatrix} B contains the same elements as A, except the rows and columns are interchanged.The signs of … $$, Subtracting the second equation from the first, we get,$$ Inverse of a Matrix is important for matrix operations. Python Program to Transpose a Matrix. $$, On running the Python script, we get the value. \end{vmatrix} We can easily add two given matrices. We use numpy.transpose to compute transpose of a matrix. Below we pick a third order determinant from the classic Algebra text Higher Algebra1 by Hall & Knight,$$ The second start/end will be for the column, i.e to select the columns of the matrix. The matrix operation that can be done is addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose, reading the rows, columns of a matrix, slicing the matrix, etc. a1b2x−a2b1x= 0 a 1 b 2 x − a 2 b 1 x = 0. import numpy as np A = np.array ([ [1, 1], [2, 1], [3, -3]]) print(A.transpose ()) ''' Output: [ [ 1 2 3] [ 1 1 -3]] ''' As you can see, NumPy made our task much easier. Now let us implement slicing on matrix . The example will read the data, print the matrix, display the last element from each row. Before we work on slicing on a matrix, let us first understand how to apply slice on a simple array. To get the last row, you can make use of the index or -1. \end{vmatrix} \begin{vmatrix} It shows a 2x3 matrix. \end{vmatrix} If the start/end has negative values, it will the slicing will be done from the end of the array. Python: Problem 2. v = np.transpose(np.array([[2,1,3]])) numpy overloads the array index and slicing notations to access parts of … It was independently described by E. H. Moore in 1920, Arne Bjerhammar in 1951, and Roger Penrose in 1955. a number zero would mean that the 1 is in the right-most position². \end{vmatrix} My first attempt is as follows, together with a printing function to help assess the result. To get the population covariance matrix (based on N), you’ll need to set the bias to True in the code below.. We now consider a set of homogenous linear equations in three variables $x$, $y$ and $z$. The python matrix makes use of arrays, and the same can be implemented. Numpy.dot() handles the 2D arrays and perform matrix multiplications. Now, I'm going to define the transpose of this matrix as a with this superscript t. And this is going to be my definition, it is essentially the matrix A with all the rows and the columns swapped. a1b2x+b1b2y =0 a2b1x+b2b1y =0 a 1 b 2 x + b 1 b 2 y = 0 a 2 b 1 x + b 2 b 1 y = 0. Follow the steps given below to install Numpy. a_{2}b_{1}x + b_{2}b_{1}y = 0 For an array, with two axes, transpose(a) gives the matrix transpose. a_{1}(b_{2}c_{3} - b_{3}c_{2}) + b_{1}(c_{2}a_{3} - c_{3}a_{2}) + c_{1}(a_{2}b_{3} - a_{3}b_{2}) = 0 A module is a file with python code. The transpose of a matrix is calculated, by changing the rows as columns and columns as rows. The rows become the columns and vice-versa. The above code will return a tuple (m, n), where m is the number of rows, and n is the number of columns. (1) Compute the coefficient matrix XT X for the normal equations, and save its value as normal_coef1. Recall, the transpose of a NumPy array A can be. First will create two matrices using numpy.arary(). So the dimensions of A and B are the same. a_{3} & b_{3} & c_{3} For a 1-D array this has no effect, as a transposed vector is simply the same vector. For example: The element at i th row and j th column in X will be placed at j th row and i th column in X'. Example 2: To read the last element from each row. A lot of operations can be done on a matrix-like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. a_{2}x + b_{2}y = 0 Last will initialize a matrix that will store the result of M1 + M2. For example m = [ [1, 2], [4, 5], [3, 6]] represents a matrix of 3 rows and 2 columns. To make use of Numpy in your code, you have to import it. The data in a matrix can be numbers, strings, expressions, symbols, etc. Calendar module in Python has the calendar class that allows the calculations for various task... Python abs() Python abs() is a built-in function available with the standard library of python. = It shows a 2x2 matrix. 39 & 13 & 14 \\ Since the resulting inverse matrix is a $3 \times 3$ matrix, we use the numpy.eye() function to create an identity matrix. a_{2} & b_{2} \\ To perform addition on the matrix, we will create two matrices using numpy.array() and add them using the (+) operator. If the generated inverse matrix is correct, the output of the below line will be True. Matrix B(3,2). The number indicates the position of the 1 in that row, e.g. Transpose of a matrix can be found by interchanging rows with the column that is, rows of the original matrix will become columns of the new matrix. It has two rows and three columns. Numpy.dot() handles the 2D arrays and perform matrix multiplications. Let us work on an example that will take care to add the given matrices. In Python, we can implement a matrix as nested list (list inside a list). It... OOPs in Python OOPs in Python is a programming approach that focuses on using objects and classes... What is Python Queue? a_{3}x + b_{3}y + c_{3}z = 0  A queue is a container that holds data. The matrix M1 tthat we are going to use is as follows: There are total 4 rows. The quantities $a_{1}$, $b_{1}$, $a_{2}$ and $b_{2}$ are known as constituents of the determinant and the product terms $a_{1}b_{2}$ and $a_{2}b_{1}$ are called elements. The operation can be represented as follows: [ AT ] ij = [ A ] ji Transpose Matrix: If you change the rows of a matrix with the column of the same matrix, it is known as transpose of a matrix. Kite is a free autocomplete for Python developers. and the expression on the left consisting of three rows and three columns is the determinant of third order. \end{vmatrix} Note that the order input arguments does not matter for the dot product of two vectors. print(np.allclose(np.dot(ainv, a), np.eye(3))) Notes. a_{2}x + b_{2}y + c_{2}z = 0 \\ For example [:5], it means as [0:5]. csr_matrix.transpose(self, axes=None, copy=False) [source] ¶ Reverses the dimensions of the sparse matrix. Transpose of a matrix is obtained by changing rows to columns and columns to rows. The index starts from 0 to 3. Numpy.dot() is the dot product of matrix M1 and M2. The transpose of a matrix is calculated, by changing the rows as columns and columns as rows. To convert a 1-D array into a 2D column vector, an additional dimension must be added. The transpose() function from Numpy can be used to calculate the transpose of a matrix. Transpose of a matrix is obtained by changing rows to columns and columns to rows. The index starts from 0 to 4.The 0th column has values [2,3,4,5], 1st columns have values [4,6,8,-10] followed by 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th. Code faster with the Kite plugin for your code editor, featuring Line-of-Code Completions and cloudless processing. M1[2] or M1[-1] will give you the third row or last row. Python Lab Part 17: Compute transpose of a matrix. Similarly, columns in the original matrix will become rows in the new matrix. Before we get started, we shall take a quick look at the difference between covariance and variance. Unit Testing in Python is done to identify bugs early in the development stage of... What are the modules in Python?
2020 compute transpose of a matrix in python


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# Question

A sample of N2O4(g) is placed in an empty cylinder at 25oC. After equilibrium is reached, the total pressure is 1.5 atm, and 16% (by moles) of the original N2O4(g) has dissociated to NO2(g).
a. Calculate the value of Kp for this dissociation reaction at 258C.
b. If the volume of the cylinder is increased until the total pressure is 1.0 atm (the temperature of the system remains constant), calculate the equilibrium pressure of N2O4(g) and NO2(g).
c. What percentage (by moles) of the original N2O4(g) is dissociated at the new equilibrium position (total pressure = 1.00 atm)?

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# Find a set of vectors that spans the subspace

Find a set of vectors in $\mathbb{R}^3$ that spans the subspace
$$S\,=\,\{\,u\,\in\,\mathbb{R}^3\,|\,u\cdot v\,=\,0\,\}$$
where v=<1,2,3>

Maybe 12 hours of studying is too much and I'm fried or, maybe I'm looking for excuses. Either way...

To solve this I'm trying to set up a matrix multiplication and augment it at zero. But, I just get a single linear equation which tells me that the only way I can have a span of this subspace is if my other vector is the zero vector <0,0,0>. I don't think that's right.

$$\begin{bmatrix} a & b & c \end{bmatrix} * \begin{bmatrix} 1\\2\\3 \end{bmatrix} = \mathbf{0}$$

Getting $a+2b+3c=0$

Where's my issue?

Thanks.

Perhaps you should stop and think what it is you're calculating here. You are looking for a subspace which is perpendicular to a vector, so it's a plane. Maybe that will help you interpret your result.

HallsofIvy


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## Monday, August 10, 2015

### triangle inequality in b-metric spaces

Let $X$ be a non-empty set and let $s\ge1$ be a given real number. A function $d:$ X $\times$ X$\to$ ${R}^{+}$ , is called a b-metric provided that,…


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# China's reserves plan 'won't hurt U.S. dollar'

There is only a small chance of any immediate fallout on the U.S. dollar resulting from China's decision to alter the way it plans to manage its $1.06 trillion in foreign exchange reserves, according to The Wall Street Journal. Chinese authorities said over the weekend they were seeking to review how their foreign exchange reserve should be managed as part of a policy shift that will likely see greater diversity in future investments. Premier Wen Jiabao, speaking at a financial conference Saturday Only users who have a paid subscription or are part of a corporate subscription are able to print or copy content. To access these options, along with all other subscription benefits, please contact info@centralbanking.com or view our subscription options here: http://subscriptions.centralbanking.com/subscribe You are currently unable to copy this content. Please contact info@centralbanking.com to find out more. ## Sorry, our subscription options are not loading right now Please try again later. Get in touch with our customer services team if this issue persists. New to Central Banking? View our subscription options If you already have an account, please sign in here. #### More on Reserves ##### Saudi Arabia gives Turkish central bank$5 billion

Turkish government moves to protect workers from firing in aftermath of earthquake


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# Final Year Thesis - TOC offset by 1

Like most final year reports, an acknowledgements and abstract section is required before the TOC. Adding these sections into the TOC with roman numerals as the page numbers worked fine. However, in the TOC the page number is one more than it should be for all entries.

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}

\usepackage[top=0.70in, bottom=0.70in, left=1in,right=0.80in]{geometry} % setting the page alignment with this package
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} %for embedding images
\usepackage[%dvips, % commented for pdflatex
\hypersetup{%
pdfborder = {0 0 0}
}
\usepackage[final]{pdfpages} %for embedding another pdf, remove if not required
\usepackage{float} %used for figure placement with H as a parameter
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{pslatex} % for times new roman, old package, but works
\usepackage{array} % for making text bold in table
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{glossaries}
\usepackage[toc,page]{appendix}

\usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf]{caption}
\def\figurename{\textbf{Figure }}

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancypagestyle{plain}{%
\fancyfoot[L]{\emph{Hardware RISC-V Processor Learning Tool and Online SoC Training Platform}} % except the center
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
}

\pagestyle{fancy}

\fancyfoot[L]{\emph{Hardware RISC-V Processor Learning Tool and Online SoC Training Platform}}
\cfoot{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
%For the header and footer Over

%Page Border
\usepackage{pgf}
\usepackage{pgfpages}

\pgfpagesdeclarelayout{boxed}
{
\edef\pgfpageoptionborder{0pt}
}
{
\pgfpagesphysicalpageoptions
{%
logical pages=1,%
}
\pgfpageslogicalpageoptions{1}
{
border code=\pgfsetlinewidth{2pt}\pgfstroke,%
border shrink=\pgfpageoptionborder,%
resized width=.95\pgfphysicalwidth,%
resized height=.95\pgfphysicalheight,%
center=\pgfpoint{.5\pgfphysicalwidth}{.5\pgfphysicalheight}%
}%
}
\pgfpagesuselayout{boxed}
\setlength{\parindent}{1cm}

\makeglossaries

%GLOBAL SETTINGS OVER, DOCUMENT BEGINS
\begin{document}
\renewcommand\bibname{References}
% includes the cover page
\input{project/cover.tex}
\newpage
% includes the title page
\input{project/title.tex}
\newpage

%ADD FIGURE OF TABLES IF YOU NEED TO, CHECK DOCUMENTATION
\doublespacing
\pagestyle{fancy}
\pagenumbering{roman}

% includes the acknowledgements page
\clearpage
\input{project/acknowledgements.tex}
\newpage

\clearpage
\input{project/abstract.tex} % adds the Research Methodology page
\newpage

%To reset the Header & Footer for TOC and LOF
\clearpage
\newpage

\printglossary
\newpage

\listoffigures % adds List of Figures
\cleardoublepage

%And reset back the settings we choose for Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}

\clearpage

\input{project/introduction.tex} % adds the introduction page
\input{project/background.tex} % adds the background page
\input{project/design.tex}
\input{project/learning.tex}
\input{project/health.tex}
\input{project/conclusion.tex} % adds the Scheduling and Planning page
\input{project/ref.tex} % adds the References page

\end{document}

The output is as follows:

My understanding is that the TOC is numbering differently to the actual document itself. But I don't understand how to manage the pages correctly.

• Just a guess: maybe remove the \clearpage befor the \pagenumbering{arabic}? – Marijn Mar 21 at 15:18
• Allmost all your \addcontentsline command are at the wrong place. They should be at the begin of the input files, not at the end. – Ulrike Fischer Mar 21 at 15:23
• I've removed the \clearpage before the \pagenumbering{arabic} and changed the order of the \addcontentsline but the numbering in the TOC is still the same. – Joseph Clancy Mar 21 at 16:42
• In the screenshot the List of Figures already has arabic numbering in the TOC. Is that also the case on the page of the LoF itself? It might be possible (although not very likely) that something in the Glossary or the LoF changes the numbering. Does the issue still occur if you remove either one or both from the document? – Marijn Mar 22 at 12:52


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# Heuristic function

A heuristic function, or simply a heuristic, is a function that ranks alternatives in search algorithms at each branching step based on available information to decide which branch to follow.

## Shortest paths

For example, for shortest path problems, a heuristic is a function, $h(n)$ defined on the nodes of a search tree, which serves as an estimate of the cost of the cheapest path from that node to the goal node. Heuristics are used by informed search algorithms such as Greedy best-first search and A* to choose the best node to explore. Greedy best-first search will choose the node that has the lowest value for the heuristic function. A* search will expand nodes that have the lowest value for $g(n)+h(n)$, where $g(n)$ is the (exact) cost of the path from the initial state to the current node. If $h(n)$ is admissible, i.e., if $h(n)$ never overestimates the costs of reaching the goal, then A* will always find an optimal solution.

The classical problem involving heuristics is the n-puzzle. Commonly used heuristics for this problem include counting the number of misplaced tiles and finding the sum of the Manhattan distances between each block and its position in the goal configuration. Note that both are admissible.

### Effect of heuristics on computational performance

In any searching problem where there are $b$ choices at each node and a depth of $d$ at the goal node, a naive searching algorithm would have to potentially search around $b^d$ nodes before finding a solution. Heuristics improve the efficiency of search algorithms by reducing the branching factor from $b$ to a lower constant $b'$, using a cutoff mechanism. The branching factor can be used for defining a partial order on the heuristics, such that $h_1(n) < h_2(n)$ if $h_1(n)$ has a lower branch factor than $h_2(n)$ for a given node $n$ of the search tree. Heuristics giving lower branching factors at every node in the search tree are preferred for the resolution of a particular problem, as they are more computationally efficient.

### Finding heuristics

The problem of finding an admissible heuristic with a low branching factor for common search tasks has been extensively researched in the artificial intelligence community. Several common techniques are used:

• Solution costs of sub-problems often serve as useful estimates of the overall solution cost. These are always admissible. For example, a heuristic for a 10-puzzle might be the cost of moving tiles 1-5 into their correct places. A common idea is to use a pattern database that stores the exact solution cost of every subproblem instance.
• The solution of a relaxed problem often serves as a useful admissible estimate of the original. For example, Manhattan distance is a relaxed version of the n-puzzle problem, because we assume we can move each tile to its position independently of moving the other tiles.
• Given a set of admissible heuristic functions $h_1(n), h_2(n), ..., h_i(n)$, the function $h(n) = \max\{h_1(n), h_2(n), ..., h_i(n)\}$ is an admissible heuristic that dominates all of them.

Using these techniques a program called ABSOLVER was written (1993) by A.E. Prieditis for automatically generating heuristics for a given problem. ABSOLVER generated a new heuristic for the 8-puzzle better than any pre-existing heuristic and found the first useful heuristic for solving the Rubik's Cube.

If a Heuristic function never overestimates the cost reaching to goal, then it is called an Admissible heuristic function.

If $H(n)$ is consistent when the value of $H(n)$ for each node along a path to goal node are non decreasing.

### Example

One might be interested in finding a heuristic to estimate the number of steps required to solve an 8-puzzle from a given state. Two simple heuristic functions are:

$h_1$ = the number of misplaced tiles. This is also known as the Hamming Distance. In the pictured example, the start state has $h_1$ = 8. Clearly, $h_1$ is an admissible heuristic because any tile that is out of place will have to be moved at least once.

$h_2$ = the sum of the distances of the tiles from their goal positions. Because tiles cannot be moved diagonally, the distance counted is the sum of horizontal and vertical distances. This is also known as the Manhattan Distance. In the pictured example, the start state has $h_2$ = 3 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 = 18. Clearly, $h_2$ is also an admissible heuristic because any move can, at best, move one tile one step closer to the goal.

As expected, neither heuristic overestimates the true number of moves required to solve the puzzle, which is 26 ($h_1$+$h_2$). Additionally, it is easy to see from the definitions of the heuristic functions that for any given state, $h_2$ will always be greater than or equal to $h_1$. Thus, we can say that $h_2$ dominates $h_1$.

(example taken from Russell and Norvig)


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# Create boundary conditions along a polyline

## General

The tool CreateBoundaryConditionsAlongPolylines searches for mesh nodes that are near to polylines and generates for each found node an OGS-5 boundary condition at a point.

The user has to provide the input mesh mesh and the geometry geometry that must contain at least one polyline. Possible input formats for the mesh are the legacy OGS-5 mesh format or the vtu format. The geometry can be provided in the legacy OGS-5 gli format as well as in the gml format. The user can specify an environment via a search radius around the polyline. For all nodes within this environment boundary conditions are generated. Furthermore the type of the process the boundary condition is belonging to should be given. At the moment there are boundary condition output for LIQUID_FLOW (primary variable PRESSURE1) and STEADY_STATE_DIFFUSION (primary variable HEAD) process available.

The tool will output a OGS-5 boundary condition file (.bc) and a geometry file (.gli) containing the points the boundary conditions refer to. The original geometry will not be altered. Additional, it is possible to write the geometry in the gml format by setting the switch gml to 1.

The polylines should be in the vicinity of the mesh nodes, where the user wants to set the boundary conditions. The tool will generate boundary conditions at every node which lies within the search radius search_radius. Idealy, the geometry should be mapped as close as possible to the area the user wants to set boundary conditions (for this, also see tool MapGeometryToSurface).

## Usage

CreateBoundaryConditionsAlongPolylines -m [mesh] -i [input-geometry] -s [search_radius] -t [process type] -o [output-path] --gml 1

## Application

The tool was used for the setup of the hydro-geological model of the Unstrut catchment:

Fischer, T. and Naumov, D. and Sattler, S. and Kolditz, O. and Walther, M. (2015): GO2OGS 1.0: a versatile workflow to integrate complex geological information with fault data into numerical simulation models. Geosci. Model Dev., vol. 8, p. 3681--3694, DOI:10.5194/gmd-8-3681-2015 https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/8/3681/2015/gmd-8-3681-2015.pdf

This article was written by Thomas Fischer. If you are missing something or you find an error please let us know. Generated with Hugo 0.79.0. Last revision: August 26, 2021
Commit: [CMake] Disable -march flag on Apple ARM processors. 93c389cefe  | Edit this page on


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# MATH3401

Lecture 33

### Examples of isolated singularities

(1) $$\,f(z)=\ds\frac{\sin z}{z}$$: $$z=0$$ is a removable singularity.

$g(z)= \left\{\array { \frac{\sin z}{z} & z\neq 0 \cr 1 & z=0 } \right.$ is entire and $$g(z) = \ds \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^nz^{2n}}{(2n+1)!}$$. Also note $$\underset{z=0}{\res} g(z) = 0$$.

### Examples of isolated singularities

(2) $$\,f(z)=\ds\frac{1}{z^4}$$: analytic on $$\C_*$$, isolated singularity at $$z=0$$.

This is a pole of order 4, (largest negative power occuring).

Here $$\underset{z=0}{\res} f(z) = 0$$ (coefficient of the $$z^{-1}$$ term).

### Examples of isolated singularities

(3) $$\,h(z)=\ds\frac{\sinh z}{z^4}$$: analytic on $$\C_*$$, isolated singularity at $$z=0$$.

On $$\C_*$$: $h(z) = \frac{1}{z^4}\left( z+\frac{z^3}{3!}+\frac{z^5}{5!}+\cdots \right)$ $\;=\frac{1}{z^3}+\frac{1}{3!z}+\frac{z}{5!}+\cdots$

Pole of order 3 at $z=0$; here $$\underset{z=0}{\res} h(z) = \frac{1}{3!}=\frac{1}{6}$$.

### Examples of isolated singularities

(4) $$\,f(z)=e^{1/z}$$: analytic on $$\C_*$$, isolated singularity at $$z=0$$.

On $$\C_*$$: $f(z) =\ds \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n!z^n}$ Essential singularity at $z=0$. Here $$\underset{z=0}{\res} f(z) = 1$$.

### Picard's Theorem

Any analytic function with an essential singularity at $$z_0$$ takes on all possible complex values (with at most a single exception) infinitely often in any neighbourhood of $$z_0$$.

### Examples of isolated singularities

(5) $$\,f(z)=\ds\frac{1}{1-\frac{1}{z}}$$, $$z\neq 0$$: isolated singularity at $$z=0,1$$.

For $$z\neq 0,1$$: $$\quad f(z) =\ds \frac{z}{z-1}$$ $$=\ds \frac{-z}{1-z}$$ $=-z\left(1+z+z^2+\cdots \right) \qquad\quad\;\;$ $=-z-z^2-z^3-z^4-\cdots \qquad\quad\;\;$ Removable singularity at $z=0$. Taking $$f(0)=0$$ extends $$f$$ to an anlaytic function on $$\{z:|z|\lt 1\}$$. What happens at $$1$$? 📝

### Residues at Poles of order $$m$$

Theorem 1: An isolated singularity $$z_0$$ of $$f$$ is a pole of order $$m\ge 1$$ at $$z_0$$, iff $$f$$ can be written near $$z_0$$ as $f(z) = \frac{\phi (z) }{(z-z_0)^m}$ where $$\phi$$ is analytic on some $$B_{R}(z_0)$$ and $$\phi(z_0) \neq 0$$.

### Residues at Poles of order $$m$$

Theorem 2: In this case $\underset{z=z_0}{\res} f =\frac{\phi^{(m-1)}(z_0)}{(m-1)!}. \quad(*)$ In particular, for $$m=1$$ (simple pole): $\underset{z=z_0}{\res} f =\frac{\phi^{(0)}(z_0)}{0!} = \phi(z_0). \quad(**)$


text:
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# cannot determine size of graphic in latex error Kooskia, Idaho

l.10 ...graphics[width=140mm]{xfig/ch1/doubsq.pdf} With \usepackage{graphics} I get the error: Runaway argument? Find Iteration of Day of Week in Month Dungeons in a 3d space game Safety of using images found through Google image search How much should I adjust the CR of Another question: how can I produce a .pdf file from a .tex file? So sometimes, it is worth converting an image into a PDF. –drozzy Mar 4 '12 at 1:59 1 and when one comes from a regular latex compile and want to

If not, please edit your question here to explain why so that people can better focus their attention to help you. –Martin Schröder Jan 22 '13 at 15:54 add a comment| Was Donald Trump's father a member of the KKK? Please try the request again. Ph.D.

Otherwise you need to convert your image to EPS using convert and run latex on the TeX file. –Jagath Jul 17 '13 at 3:49 @JagathAR, as I mentioned, I In fact, I could compile it fine with MacTex on my machine. Actually latex is pdflatex in DVI mode in modern distributions, but it can read the sizes only in PDF mode for some reason. Incidentally, you can change this in TexShop from the "Typeset" menu.

When Sudoku met Ratio My math students consider me a harsh grader. Not the answer you're looking for? Creating a simple Dock Cell that Fades In when Cursor Hover Over It What's an easy way of making my luggage unique, so that it's easy to spot on the luggage Optimise Sieve of Eratosthenes more hot questions question feed lang-tex about us tour help blog chat data legal privacy policy work here advertising info mobile contact us feedback Technology Life /

This is how I start: \documentclass[a4paper,12pt,titlepage]{report} \usepackage{fontenc} \usepackage[italian]{babel} \usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} . . . \begin{figure}[htbp] \begin{center} \includegraphics{mol.png} \end{center} \label{fig:uno} \end{figure} . . . \end{document} and this is the error report: ERROR: So you're loading graphicx with the dvips option, which allows only EPS graphics to be imported and is nonsense when the engine is pdflatex. Please check that there is no inclusion of epsfig, it is deprecated. It is often better to take the JPEG and convert it into a PDF (on a mac) or EPS (on a PC).

Arguments for the golden ratio making things more aesthetically pleasing Is there a proof of infinitely many primes p such that p-2 and p+2 are composite numbers? Does anyone have any idea? If you're using EPS figures and pdflatex complains, you can convert them to PDF: %.pdf: %.eps epstopdf $< fg1.pdf: fg1.eps share|improve this answer edited Nov 10 '13 at 0:21 answered Nov asked 2 years ago viewed 2448 times active 2 years ago Get the weekly newsletter! Are the other wizard arcane traditions not part of the SRD? and I believed them!" Previous message: [pdftex] pdf file not displaying properly in browser Next message: [pdftex] \includegraphics doesn't work (no BoundingBox) Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] Then AucTeX uses pdflatex which handles png-files by default, as @David Carlisle mentioned in his answer. What is the Weight Of Terminator T900 Female Model? This is usually no problem for me. Beamer: I have modified the color scheme (as well as a few other minor things) of a basic Beamer theme to better suit university presentations. Generated Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:49:29 GMT by s_hv978 (squid/3.5.20) Type H for immediate help. ... I want to include an eps file (generated via xfig) in my document. How are solvents chosen in organic reactions? bmpsize package can also used to replace extractbb. –Leo Liu May 8 '11 at 15:15 5 Thank you for the solution provided. Are there any saltwater rivers on Earth? Can I compost a large brush pile? Can I compost a large brush pile? Zero Emission Tanks How can the film of 'World War Z' claim to be based on the book? Has anyone ever actually seen this Daniel Biss paper? Pass onward, or keep to myself? Browse other questions tagged graphics errors png or ask your own question. I was round a long time ago Very obscure job posting for faculty position. To fix this error: You need to run pdflatex on the TeX file. The choice is totally up to me. Can taking a few months off for personal development make it harder to re-enter the workforce? graphics pdftex pdf png dvips share|improve this question edited Nov 9 '13 at 22:37 asked Nov 9 '13 at 12:59 SoftTimur 4,906205189 With latex you can only use EPS. How to approach? Latex however returns this error: "Cannot determine size of graphic" My graphic is exported from PowerPoint, so I have tried both .pdf and .png. This is all is needed. –egreg Jul 17 '13 at 13:58 | show 3 more comments 2 Answers 2 active oldest votes up vote 16 down vote accepted Options to \documentclass So remove it. \documentclass[sts]{imsart} In general dvips, pdftex or xetex should not be used even with packages that know them, such as graphicx hyperref geometry that can deduce the needed driver So, you only need to open the file in Inkscape and then SaveAs and select eps format. I am using the following syntax for including the images : \begin{figure}[!h] \begin{center} \scalebox{0.45}{ \includegraphics{tree.jpg}} \end{center} \caption{\small A sample} \label{tree} \end{figure} What should I do ? Join them; it only takes a minute: Sign up Here's how it works: Anybody can ask a question Anybody can answer The best answers are voted up and rise to the By changing its extension from .JPG to .jpg (yes, just capital to lower) the error went away.$ pdflatex --verion pdflatex: unrecognized option '--verion' This is pdfTeX, Version 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (TeX Live


text:
nodal lines in the dirichlet problem

In the Dirichlet problem if nodal lines do not touch $\partial\Omega$ (unit disk), what happens to the eigenvalues?

Thanks for help.

-
Why do you need to know? Please have a read of mathoverflow.net/howtoask – David Roberts May 2 '13 at 1:13
If you are assuming $\Omega$ is a disk then the eigenvalues and eigenmodes can be computed explicitly. If I remember correctly, if the nodal lines do not touch the boundary of $\Omega$ then the eigenvalues are simple. (this is just for the disk) – Beni Bogosel May 25 '14 at 22:50


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## Intermediate Algebra (6th Edition)

We know that the graph of an exponential function $y=b^{x}$ has a y-intercept of $(0,1)$ because $y=f(0)=b^{0}=1$.
The graph of an exponential function $y=b^{x}$ has a y-intercept of $(0,1)$ because $y=f(0)=b^{0}=1$. In other words, the exponential function contains this point, because the value of a nonzero real number $b$ raised to the power of 0 is equal to 1. Therefore, the graph of an exponential function $y=b^{x}$ crosses the y-axis at a value of $y=1$.


text:
# 4. Modified internal rate of return (MIRR) The IRR evaluation method assumes that cash flows from...

###### Question:

4. Modified internal rate of return (MIRR) The IRR evaluation method assumes that cash flows from the project are reinvested at the same rate equal to the IRR. However, in reality the reinvested cash flows may not necessarily generate a retun equal to the IRR. Thus, the modified IRR approach makes a more reasonable assumption other than the project's IRR Consider the following situation: Celestial Crane Cosmetics is analyzing a project that requires an initial investment of $600,000. The project's expected cash flows are: Year Cash Flow Year 1$375,000 Year 2 -100,000 Year 3 450,000 Year 4 475,000 Celestial Crane Cosmetics's WACC is 7 % , and the project has the same risk as the firm's average project. Calculate this project's modified internal rate of return (MIRR) 19.80% 18.81 % 15.84% 20.79 %
this independent project. If Celestial Crane Cosmetics's managers select projects based on the MIRR criterion, they should Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the IRR method and the MIRR method? The IRR method uses only cash infilows to calculate the IRR. The MIRR method uses both cash inflows and cash outflows to calculate the MIRR O The IRR method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at a rate of return equal to the IRR. The MIRR method assumes that cash flows are reinvested at a rate of return equal to the cost of capital. The IRR method uses the present value of the initial investment to calculate the IRR. The MIRR method uses the terminal value of the initial investment to calculate the MIRR

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# The minute hand of a certain clock is 4 in

The minute hand of a certain clock is 4 in long, Starting from the moment when the hand is pointing straight up, how fast is the area of the sector that is swept out by the hand increasing at any instant during the next revolution of the hand?
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yotaniwc

We know that : (see the picture)
$\therefore A=\frac{1}{2}{r}^{2}\theta$
$\frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{1}{2}{r}^{2}\frac{d\theta }{dt}$ (r is constant)
The minute hand takes 60 minutes for one revolution. Then the angular velocity of one revolution per minute is
$\frac{d\theta }{dt}=\frac{2\pi }{60}=\frac{\pi }{30}\frac{rad}{min}$
Thus,
$\therefore \frac{dA}{dt}=\frac{4\pi }{15}\frac{{\in }^{2}}{min}$

raefx88y
1. Speed of the minute hand is constant = 360 degrees per hour, or $2\pi \frac{radians}{hr}$
2. Sector area $=\frac{\theta }{2\pi }\pi {r}^{2}{\in }^{2}=\frac{1}{2}{r}^{2}\theta {\in }^{2}=\frac{16}{2}\theta {\in }^{2}=8\theta {\in }^{2}$
3.$\frac{d\theta }{dt}=\frac{2\pi }{60}\frac{radians}{min}$
4. $\frac{d}{dt}$ (sector area) $=\frac{d}{dt}8\theta =8\frac{d}{dt}\theta =\frac{16\pi }{60}=\frac{4}{15}\pi \frac{{\in }^{2}}{min}$


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# 16.1. Distributions: Population, Empirical, Sampling¶

The population, sampling, and empirical distributions are important concepts that guide us when we make inferences about a model or predictions for new observations. Figure 16.1 provides a diagram that can help distinguish between them. The diagram uses the notions of population and access frame from Chapter 2 and the urn model from Chapter 3. On the left is the population that we are studying, represented as marbles in an urn with one marble for each unit. We have simplified the situation to where the access frame and the population are the same; that is, we can access every unit in the population. (The problems that arise when this is not the case are covered in Chapters 2 and Chapter 3.) The arrow from the urn to the sample represents the design, meaning the protocol for selecting the sample from the frame. The diagram shows this selection process as a chance mechanism, represented by draws from an urn filled with indistinguishable marbles. On the rightside of the diagram, the collection of marbles constitutes our sample (the data we got).

Fig. 16.1 This diagram of the data generation generation process, shows the three distributions. On the left, we have the population distribution, which is typically not observed, and on the right is the empirical distribution from the sample. Ideally the empirical distribution resembles the population distribution. In the middle, the sampling distribution of the summary statistic is a probability distribution that is determined by the population and the mechanism for selecting the sample.

We have kept the diagram simple by considering measurements for just one feature. Below the urn in the diagram is the population histogram for that feature. That is, the population histogram represents the distribution of values across the entire population. On the far right, the empirical histogram shows the distribution of values for our actual sample. Notice that these two distributions are similar in shape. This happens when our sampling mechanism produces representative samples.

We are often interested in a summary of the sample measurements, such as the mean, median, slope from a simple linear model, etc. And, typically, this summary statistic is an estimate for a population parameter, such as the population mean, median, etc. The population parameter is shown as $$\theta^*$$ on the left of the diagram, and on the right, the summary statistic, calculated from the sample, is $$\hat{\theta}$$.

The chance mechanism that generates our sample, might well produce a different set of data if we were to conduct our investigation over again. But, if the protocols are well designed, we expect the sample to still resemble the population. In other words, we can infer the population parameter from the summary statistic calculated from a sample. The sampling distribution in the middle of the diagram is a probability distribution for the statistic. It shows the possible values that the statistic might take for different samples and their chances. In Chapter 3, we used simulation to estimate the sampling distribution in several examples. In this chapter, we revisit these and other examples from earlier chapters to formalize the analyses.

One last point about these three histograms. As introduced in Chapter 10, the area of the rectangles provide the fraction of observations in any bin. In the case of the population histogram, this is the fraction of the entire population; for the empirical histogram, the area represents the fraction in the sample; and for the sampling distribution, the area represents the chance the data generation mechanism would produce a value in this bin.

Finally, we typically don’t know the population distribution or parameter, and we try to infer the parameter or predict values for unseen units in the population. At other times, a conjecture about the population can be tested using the sample. Testing is the topic of the next section.