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# Two questions around the $abc$-conjecture

Let $$d(a,b) = 1-\frac{2 \gcd(a,b)}{a+b}$$, $$d_{ABC}(a,b) = 1-\frac{2\gcd(a,b)^3}{ab(a+b)}$$ be two metrics on natural numbers.

The abc-conjecture can be formulated using these two metrics as:

For every $$\epsilon >0$$ there exists a $$K_{\epsilon}$$ such that:

$$d(a,b) < D_{\epsilon}(a,b):=1-\frac{2}{K_{\epsilon}\text{rad}(\frac{2}{1-d_{ABC}(a,b)})^{1+\epsilon}}$$

Trying make $$D$$ to a metric on natural numbers, leads to $$K_{\epsilon} = \frac{1}{2^\epsilon}$$. One can prove that with this choice of $$K_{\epsilon}$$, $$D$$ is a metric on natural numbers.

Now this is a very explicit version of the abc-conjecture, and for example for $$\epsilon = 1/2$$ this version is wrong but my conjecture is that for $$\epsilon \ge 1$$ this is true.

My question is:

1) There are various results which build upon the abc-conjecture. Is there $$0 < \epsilon < 1$$ needed, or is it enough to have $$\epsilon \ge 1$$?

I have tested this with the Schoenberg-Criterion for some $$\epsilon$$ and some numbers $$n$$:

2) Is the metric $$D_{\epsilon}$$ for every $$\epsilon>0$$ embeddable in Euclidean Space? (Maybe this is too much to ask.)

(This seems very counterintuitive, because of the radical function one would not expect the $$D$$ to be so nice to behave as to embedd in Euclidean Space.)

Edit: Making the following Ansatz:

Suppose that $$\phi(a)$$ is the vector which embedds the natural number $$a$$. Then $$D_1(a,b)^2 = |\phi(a)|^2+|\phi(b)|^2 - 2 \left< \phi(a), \phi(b) \right>$$

If we assume that:

$$\left< \phi(a), \phi(b) \right> = \frac{-2}{R(a,b)^2}(\frac{4}{R(a,b)^2}-2)$$

where $$R(a,b) = \text{ rad }(\frac{ab(a+b)}{\gcd(a,b)^3})$$

then we get, substituting $$a=b$$ that $$|\phi(a)| = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$

So this is of course no proof, but if $$\phi$$ existed, then the matrix

$$G_n = (\frac{-2}{R(a,b)^2}(\frac{4}{R(a,b)^2}-2))_{1 \le a,b \le n}$$

should be positive definite, which I have checked for $$n$$ up to $$20$$ in Sagemath, and it is so.

So to be more precise about the question 2):

3) Is the matrix $$G_n$$ as defined above, positive definite?

Related question:

The abc-conjecture as an inequality for inner-products?


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# How Computer Modern is stored on my hard drive, or when is it generated?

How exactly is the font Computer Moder stored on my hard drive?

I know that Computer Modern was designed using METAFONT and that METAFONT only outputs bitmaps. So does my hard drive actually just contains the geometric description of the font, and whenever TeX is executed it calls METAFONT to generate the bitmaps needed for this specific source file? Does it generate the font on each execution again? Does this mean that my final PDF contains a bitmap for each symbol I used in each variation (larger, bold, italic, ...) in a pretty high resolution (zooming in using Acrobat Reader has not shown any pixelation)?

If it is not the case that the font is always generated "on the fly", how can such an easy customization of Computer Modern be possible as demonstrated e.g. here.

• No, there are vector outlines of Computer Modern that were made by BlueSky (etc.), and these Type1 scalable fonts are what are normally used. You actually have to fight the defaults to get the bitmap fonts (and you probably don't want them—they don't look great on screen). Jun 23, 2017 at 22:41
• The Computer Modern fonts have long been made into Type1, so they needn't be generated as bitmaps. Jun 23, 2017 at 22:42
• @egreg And these Type1 fonts, are they generated by some modern version of METAFONT, so that they are easily tweakable from inside LaTeX? And are they generated any time LaTeX is run? Jun 23, 2017 at 22:50

Nowadays normally the type1 version of the font is used which is resident in your texsystem. You can force the use of the bitmap version e.g. by disabling the map file:

\documentclass{article}
\pdfmapfile{}

\begin{document}
Hello

\end{document}

Then you will get this:

The bitmap font is created once (for each font size) and then stored in your texsystem. You can find the exact location at the end of the log-file:

 XXX\AppData\Local\MiKTeX\2.9\fonts\pk\ljfour\public\cm\dpi600\cmr10.pk

• Thank you! What software is used by LaTeX to generate these type1 files and is it similar enough to METAFONT to make sense to learn METAFONT? And these type1 fonts are also generated once (during their first use ever I guess), and then used when needed again? Jun 23, 2017 at 23:19
• @M.Winter -- the type 1 fonts were not generated by metafont, nor are they (re)created by any latex-related software. they were recreated using a professional font development program (possibly fontographer; i'm not certain and i don't have the ability to check just now), then reviewed and refined by individuals with typography experience (including hermann zapf). they are now "frozen", and available from ctan and included in tex live. as for whether it makes sense to learn metafont, that's an entirely different question, but probably not for "western" alphabets. Jun 24, 2017 at 0:29
• @M.Winter If you want to experiment, you could use MetaPost (which has almost the same input as MetaFont except for the font-specific parts) to generate the outline of each character as a PostScript file, and then create a PostScript font from those outlines plus the kerning information, etc. But if you just want to use the fonts, don't bother. But for drawing diagrams etc in LaTeX, you might prefer tickz or asymptote to MetaPost, unless you enjoy doing things the minimalist hard way! Jun 24, 2017 at 3:09
• @barbarabeeton I do not understand completely! If these fonts where frozen up to the vector graphic description layer, then how is it that I can still slightly modify them in my LaTeX code, e.g. make them a bit bolder as stated in my question. In my opinion this has to generate a unique font (the vector graphics) uniquely for my document. Jun 24, 2017 at 7:19
• @M.Winter -- one of the features of type 1 vector fonts is that some features (e.g. stem width, slant) can be modified at the time of use by programmatic instructions. the type 1 specs have been published, so are available to programmers to study and use. fonts modified in this way are not stored separately, but are regenerated at run time within the document from the extra instructions included there. only the basic type 1 "pattern" is stored permanently. Jun 24, 2017 at 12:00

format: plain


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# Mathematical Language Processing evaluation

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Dear participant,

thank you for participating in the evaluation for improving the math support in Wikipedia and other wikis that use mathematics. The study evaluates the quality of mathematical formulae in MediaWiki, the software that runs Wikipedia, with regard to three aspects:

1. LaTeX input: Is the formula source code typed correctly? (Using \sin instead of sin)
2. Rendering: Is the formula displayed correctly? (Even correct LaTeX input might lead to unreadable formulae on certain devices.)
3. Semantics: Is the MediaWiki Math extension capable of capturing the formulae semantics correctly? (${\displaystyle{\displaystyle f(a+b)}}$ might stand for the "function ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle f}}$ applied the sum of ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle a}}$ and ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle b}}$" or "variable ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle f}}$ times the sum of ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle a}}$ plus ${\displaystyle{\displaystyle b}}$")

In the following, you will be guided through a five step evaluation process. Detailled information are provided in the infobox on the right. Note that questsions, with only one possible answer, always have the first possible option pre-selected.


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+0

# Some more hyperbola Ebola

0
1
100
2
+90

Hyperbola ebola has struck me again! The only cure is an explanation of ths Hyperbola question with steps on how it is done!

$$y^2-9x^2-4y+18x-14=0$$

find the:

center

foci

asymototes

and vertices

graph

Remember the Hyperbola ebola will never be cured without help that has no explained steps, otherwise the brain won't be able to learn the way to fight it off!

Thank you!!!

dom6547  Apr 7, 2018
#1
+92624
+5

Hi Dom, lets see if i can help you cure your hyperbola ebola.

$$y^2-9x^2-4y+18x-14=0\\ y^2-4y-9x^2+18x=14\\ (y^2-4y)-9(x^2-2x)=14\\ (y^2-4y+4)-9(x^2-2x+1)=14+4-9\\ (y^2-2)^2-9(x-1)^2=9\\ \frac{(y^2-2)^2}{3^2}-\frac{(x-1)^2}{1^2}=1\\$$

Now it is in standard equation form for a hyperbola with a vertical transverse axis.

For the rest see here.

http://www.sparknotes.com/math/precalc/conicsections/section4/

Melody  Apr 8, 2018
#2
+90
+2

Ah yes, I am cured!

dom6547  Apr 8, 2018

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text:
## Encyclopedia > Tufnell Park

Article Content

# Tufnell Park, London, England

Redirected from Tufnell Park

Tufnell Park is a place in London, England in the London Borough of Islington.

Nearest places:

Nearest tube stations:

Nearest railway station:

All Wikipedia text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License

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 Gas laws ... between pressure P and temperature T is given by Charles' Law: $P = \mathrm{constant} \times T$ Graham's Law, named after Thomas Graham, states ...


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# How to apply linear drag to a velocity vector?

I have built my own movement code for my character as I want to make smooth movement. (This project is just a character and a floor/wall for testing).

The code seems to work fine, but I of course need to apply my own drag somehow. I've tried many ideas for this, and tried to read around a lot. But I can't work out if this code I made is frame dependant or not.

I am getting 120fps in Unreal editor for example (and my monitor is 144hz if that affects it), but what if someone played my game and was on 60fps, or another number.

After many hours I came up with the code below, and I did even go on the calculator and try to test with various numbers, but sadly I'm no expert mathematician, I wasn't sure if the figures I got meant it was good or bad.

Anyway, here is the move method, pretty self-documenting. With the drag part at bottom. Does this drag formula apply consistent drag for the character over any frame rate?

void APostie::Move()
{
float DeltaTime = GetWorld()->GetDeltaSeconds();
FHitResult Hit;

CurrentVelocity.X = FMath::Clamp<float>(CurrentVelocity.X + (InputAxisVector.X * WalkForce), -MaxWalkSpeed, MaxWalkSpeed);
CurrentVelocity.Y = FMath::Clamp<float>(CurrentVelocity.Y + (InputAxisVector.Y * WalkForce), -MaxWalkSpeed, MaxWalkSpeed);
FVector ForwardMovement = GetActorForwardVector() * CurrentVelocity.X;
FVector SidewaysMovement = GetActorRightVector() * CurrentVelocity.Y;
FVector Velocity_Localised = ForwardMovement + SidewaysMovement;

float r = 1;
FVector DeltaMovement = Velocity_Localised * (FMath::Pow(r, DeltaTime) - 1.0f) / FMath::Log2(r);

GetMovementComponent()->MoveUpdatedComponent(Velocity_Localised, GetActorRotation(), true, &Hit);

// Apply drag
CurrentVelocity *= (1 - WalkDrag) * (1 - DeltaTime);
if (CurrentVelocity.IsNearlyZero())
{
CurrentVelocity = FVector::ZeroVector;
}
}

NOTE: WalkDrag is a uproperty set to 0.01f.

Also, I do of course realise I need to clamp the velocity and to handle hits so velocity is set to zero if I hit walls etc. I'm doing that now, but meanwhile still unsure about this drag formula.

UPDATE: I've tried to take on board DMGregory's help. Here is what I came up with:

void APostie::Move()
{
float DeltaTime = GetWorld()->GetDeltaSeconds();
FHitResult Hit;

CurrentVelocity.X = FMath::Clamp<float>(CurrentVelocity.X + (InputAxisVector.X * WalkForce), -MaxWalkSpeed, MaxWalkSpeed);
CurrentVelocity.Y = FMath::Clamp<float>(CurrentVelocity.Y + (InputAxisVector.Y * WalkForce), -MaxWalkSpeed, MaxWalkSpeed);
FVector ForwardMovement = GetActorForwardVector() * CurrentVelocity.X;
FVector SidewaysMovement = GetActorRightVector() * CurrentVelocity.Y;
FVector Velocity_Localised = ForwardMovement + SidewaysMovement;

float r = WalkDrag;
FVector DeltaMovement = Velocity_Localised * (FMath::Pow(r, DeltaTime) - 1.0f) / FMath::Log2(r);

GetMovementComponent()->MoveUpdatedComponent(DeltaMovement, GetActorRotation(), true, &Hit);

// Apply drag
CurrentVelocity *= FMath::Pow(r, DeltaTime);

}

• You might find this past Q&A on framerate-independent drag useful. Feb 5 '20 at 5:01
• Since this is unrelated to Natalo77's answer, I'll reply to your question about the r parameter here: r is the ratio of speed one second later to speed now. Values close to zero make a very aggressive drag to bring the object to a near-stop quickly. Values close to one are a milder/more slippery drag. Feb 5 '20 at 14:24
• thank you. I accidentally posted comment in wrong place (I've deleted the old comment now). Appreciate the help here. Still confused, but its a fun kind of confusion :D Feb 5 '20 at 14:26
• well i tried to avoid just straight up asking again. But I simply cannot figure where to start answering with the obvious next question: How can i calculate r lol? (I made small change to my function already so I am going to change in question now for reference) Feb 5 '20 at 14:42
• You don't calculate it, it's a parameter, analogous to your variable WalkDrag — you choose a value that seems to give the runtime behaviour you want. Feb 5 '20 at 14:59

Well I'd say that every time you calculate your velocity, you should add your drag to it.

Framerate independency is hard to achieve in Unreal, given its reliance on ticking components. So long as you use deltaTime every time you're calculating anything, you should be fine.

Force = Mass * Acceleration.

Acceleration = DragForce / ObjectMass

Velocity = InitialVelocity + 1/2(Acceleration * time^2)

FinalVelocity = InitialVelocity + 1/2( (DragForce / ObjectMass) * DT^2 )

• Notice that OP's drag is not a constant force. It depends on the magnitude of velocity: at high velocities it saps more energy, and at low velocities it saps less, always in the same proportion. Feb 5 '20 at 12:33
• should i change all my velocity and drag code to match something like this model? I just want smooth character movement. With that said, my current code seems to work. Also sorry for being stupid, but why add 1/2 (0.5) times the Accel . Also lastly what is the 'time' variable above. I do not understand because if they game had run for 1 minute or 1 hour, the velocity should behave the same. Feb 5 '20 at 12:55
• @Krangogram It appears r is being used as a runge-kutta integration constant. Try giving it a value of 0.5f, like the OP does in their implementation Feb 5 '20 at 15:37
• @Krangogram I'm actually quite curious as to what you're trying to achieve in the first place when you ask us about this drag. It may be you're going down a complicated route for something very unneeded Feb 6 '20 at 9:10
• @Krangogram The CMC handles movement fairly well with the tweakable properties it has. I think the question you really need to be asking is how to tweak this movement component to how you want it to feel. Feb 6 '20 at 13:20


text:
Browse Questions

# A copper wire of diameter $1.6mm$ carries a current i. The maximum magnetic field due to this wire is $5 \times 10^{-3} T$. The value of $i$ is

$\begin {array} {1 1} (a)\;40A & \quad (b)\;20A \\ (c)\;10A & \quad (d)\;5A \end {array}$

Maximum field is at the surface and is given by
$B = \large\frac{ \mu_oi}{2\pi R}$
On substituting the values of the other variables, we get $i = 20A$
Ans : (b)


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# Extra conditioning

Algebra Level 5

$\begin{cases} a+b+c=a^2 +b^2 \\ ab=c \end{cases}$

Let $P(x) = x^3-2x^2 +px-q$ be a polynomial with roots $a$, $b$ and $c$ satisfying the system of equations above.

Find the sum of all possible values of $p+q$.

×


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# The Unapologetic Mathematician

## The Differential Mean Value Theorem

Let’s say we’ve got a function $f$ that’s continuous on the closed interval $\left[a,b\right]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$. We don’t even assume the function is defined outside the interval, so we can’t really set up the limit for differentiability at the endpoints, but they don’t matter much in the end.

Anyhow, if we look at the graph of $f$ we could just draw a straight line from the point $(a,f(a))$ to the point $(b,f(b))$. The graph itself wanders away from this line and back, but the line tells us that on average we’re moving from $f(a)$ to $f(b)$ at a certain rate — the slope of the line. Since this is an average behavior, sometimes we must be going faster and sometimes slower. The differential mean value theorem says that there’s at least one point where we’re going exactly that fast. Geometrically, this means that the tangent line will be parallel to the secant we drew between the endpoints. In formulas we say there is a point $c\in(a,b)$ with $f'(c)=\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}$.

First let’s nail down a special case, called “Rolle’s theorem”. If $f(a)=0=f(b)$, we’re asserting that there is some point $c\in(a,b)$ with $f'(c)=0$. Since $\left[a,b\right]$ is compact and $f$ is continuous, the extreme value theorem tells us that $f$ must take a maximum and a minimum. If these are both zero, then we’re looking at the constant function $f(x)=0$, and any point in the middle satisfies $f'(c)=0$. On the other hand, if either the maximum or minimum is nonzero, then we have a local extremum at a point $c\in(a,b)$ where $f$ is differentiable (since it’s differentiable all through the open interval). Now Fermat’s theorem tells us that $f'(c)=0$ since $c$ is a local extremum! Thus Rolle’s theorem is proved.

Now for the general case. Start with the function $f$ and build from it the function $g(x)=f(x)-\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}(x-a)-f(a)$. On the graph, this corresponds to applying an “affine transformation” (which sends straight lines in the plane to other straight lines in the plane) to pull both $f(a)$ and $f(b)$ down to zero. In fact, it’s a straightforward calculation to see that $g(a)=0=g(b)$. Thus Rolle’s theorem applies and we find a point $c$ with $g'(c)=0$. But applying our laws of differentiation, we see that $g'(c)=f'(c)-\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}$. And so $f'(c)=\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}$, as desired.

January 22, 2008 - Posted by | Analysis, Calculus

1. The “trick” behind proving the Mean Value theorem is basically to write $g(x) = f(x) - h(x)$, where $y = h(x)$ is the equation of the straight line connecting the points $(a, f(a))$ and $(b, f(b))$. And this is what you did above. I know it might not sound very interesting, but I have always wondered if we can obtain another useful result (just like the mean value theorem, for instance) if we let $y = h(x)$ be the equation of a parabola passing through the points $(a, f(a))$ and $(b, f(b))$. And, do we obtain more “useful” results if $y = h(x)$ is some function other than a straight line or a parabola?
(That was just a random thought.)

Comment by Vishal | January 22, 2008 | Reply

2. Indeed you do, Vishal, but you ask that the function be twice-differentiable and you match another parameter: the derivative of $f$ at $a$. Then those three parameters specify a unique parabola, which has constant second derivative. And there’s some point in between $a$ and $b$ at which the function actually has that second derivative.

There’s a whole sequence of these “generalized mean value theorems”, which can be used as Taylor series remainder approximations. Your exercise is to work out the analogues of Rolle’s theorem you guessed were around, and to see if you can prove them in general. I’ll come back to this when I’m doing Taylor series.

Comment by John Armstrong | January 22, 2008 | Reply

3. I had a hunch earlier that we could indeed derive more of those “generalized mean value theorems” and somehow relate those to the Taylor series approximations. Your comment, it seems, has confirmed that hunch. I will be looking forward to your future post(s) on Taylor series.

Comment by Vishal | January 22, 2008 | Reply

4. This theorem is also known as the Lagrange mean value theorem.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

5. It also has an interesting corollary that says that the derivative of any function that is differentiable on an interval has the mean value property, i.e. it hits all its intermediate values between any 2 of the values that it assumes, even if that derivative is not continuous.

In partcular, a simple step function H(x) that is 0 for x1 is not a derivative of any function F differentiable on (-1,1), so H(x) has no primitive on (-1,1).

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

6. In comment #5 H(x)=0 for x0, also known as the Heaviside function.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

7. There must be a bug in the system, that messed up my posts, again (now using LaTex): $H(x)=0$ for $x \le 0$
and $0$ for $x>0$.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

8. There must be a bug in the system, that messed up my posts, again (now using LaTex): $H(x)=0$ for $x \le 0$
and $=0$ for $x>0$.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

9. Michael, you’re having trouble with the < symbol. That’s not a bug in the system.

The bug in the system is that I can’t seem to log in to WordPress at all. Whether this has to do with a comment flood or not, I have no idea. Just in case, could you try in the future to think carefully about what you want to say and then say it all in one comment?

Comment by John Armstrong | January 23, 2008 | Reply

10. Sorry, I got troubles with > that seems to have some special meaning on this site and also with LaTex preprocessor here that messed up my formula. I wish we could edit our entries.
I doubt that your trouble logging in is related to the number of comments on your page.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

11. It’s not this site. > has a special meaning in HTML, which is sort of the basis of the web. WordPress’ processor can’t tell the difference between using it to mean “greater than” and “close a tag”.

But still, you made three separate comments before the litany of trying to fix the problem with the > sign. Slow down, take a deep breath, and decide what you want to say before saying it. This isn’t Twitter.

Comment by John Armstrong | January 23, 2008 | Reply

12. Actually I wanted to say that H(x) is the Heaviside function that jumps from 0 to 1 at x=0.

Comment by Michael Livshits | January 23, 2008 | Reply

13. […] of the Mean Value Theorem So now that we have the mean value theorem what can we do with it? First off, we can tell something that seems intuitively obvious. We know […]

Pingback by Consequences of the Mean Value Theorem « The Unapologetic Mathematician | January 24, 2008 | Reply

14. […] to get back on track. Today, we’ll see a theorem about integrals that’s similar to the Differential Mean Value Theorem. Specifically, it states that if we have a continuous function then there is some so […]

Pingback by The Integral Mean Value Theorem « The Unapologetic Mathematician | February 12, 2008 | Reply

15. […] the Differential Mean Value Theorem tells us that in each subinterval there is some so that . We stick this into the […]

Pingback by The Riemann-Stieltjes Integral II « The Unapologetic Mathematician | March 6, 2008 | Reply

16. […] an extension of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus we’ll see it’s an extension of the Differential Mean Value Theorem. And this despite the most strenuous objections of my resident gadfly that the DMVT and FToC have […]

Pingback by Taylor’s Theorem again « The Unapologetic Mathematician | October 1, 2008 | Reply

17. […] a nice technical result we may have call for from time to time: a higher-dimensional version of the differential mean value theorem. Remember that this says that if we’ve got a function continuous on the closed interval and […]

Pingback by The Mean Value Theorem « The Unapologetic Mathematician | October 13, 2009 | Reply

18. […] we can apply the mean value theorem to […]

Pingback by Clairaut’s Theorem « The Unapologetic Mathematician | October 15, 2009 | Reply

19. […] Taylor’s theorem. Specifically, the version of Taylor’s theorem that resembles the mean value theorem. And we’ll even use an approach like we did for the extension of that result to higher […]

Pingback by Taylor’s Theorem « The Unapologetic Mathematician | October 20, 2009 | Reply

20. […] is some number between and that exists by the differential mean value theorem. Now to find the derivative, we take the limit of the difference […]

Pingback by Differentiation Under the Integral Sign « The Unapologetic Mathematician | January 13, 2010 | Reply

21. […] let denote the sum of the terms and , the remainder after terms, of the series (2), so that . By Lagrange’s mean value theorem, we have , . We shall now consider . So far we have taken as an arbitrary but we shall now choose […]

Pingback by Everywhere Continuous Non-derivable Function | My Digital NoteBook | July 7, 2011 | Reply

22. […] let denote the sum of the terms and , the remainder after terms, of the series (2), so that . By Lagrange’s mean value theorem, we have , . We shall now consider . So far we have taken as an arbitrary but we shall now choose […]

Pingback by Everywhere Continuous Non-derivable Function | MY DIGITAL NOTEBOOK | October 22, 2013 | Reply


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To compute SSD, we need to find an image distance between every pair of frames in. And also I want to calculate 2000 points of lat & long, distance all at once. 60 print (distance (x1, y1, x2, y2)) # Result is 7. It is tempting to use a few if statements to check for the different configurations of the two line segments but boundary cases make such an approach hard to get right: Imagine one of the. 9251681 # What you were looking for dist = mpu. Your program should display the distance between the points, following the surface of the earth, in kilometers. For example, if both input and near features have 1,000 points each, then the output table can contain one million records. Find altitude by coordinates on google maps in meters and feet. As an example, we will create a type called Point that represents a point in two-dimensional space. P1=(0,6); P2=(-2,6) Algebra -> Pythagorean-theorem -> SOLUTION: Find the distance d(P1, P2) between the points P1 and P2. How to Find Changing Distance between Two Moving Objects By Mark Ryan In a typical related rates problem, such as when you’re finding a change in the distance between two moving objects, the rate or rates in the given information are constant, unchanging, and you have to figure out a related rate that is changing with time. This calculation can be useful when trying to determine the distance for logistical purposes (ie delivery service, flights, distance between customers, etc). Calculate Distance Between Two Points Using Longitude && Latitude Tutorial and sample codes to calculate the distance between two locations. The distance is marked as d. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. readlines () z = [ i. In this tutorial, we will use 2 datasets and find out which points from one layer are closest to which point from the second. We use 2 lists: an open list containing the cells to explore and a closed list containing the processed cells. DD), degrees and decimal minutes (DD:MM. Line: two numbers a and b [ax + by = 1] Line segment: two points. Coordinates of point is a set of values that is used to determine the position of a point in a two dimensional plane. For example, if both input and near features have 1,000 points each, then the output table can contain one million records. Aeer&all&points&are&assigned,&ﬁx&the. Distance functions between two boolean vectors (representing sets) u and v. if the default search radius is used, distances from all input points to all near points are calculated. Step 2 - Assign each x i x_i x i to nearest cluster by calculating its distance to each centroid. Angular distances have the same units as angles (degrees). As you can see, even numbers are are X-axis where odd on Y-axis. Latitude of center is used with the Hotine Oblique Mercator center (both two-point and azimuth) cases to define the origin of the y-coordinates. To find the distance between the two points, call it c, use the Pythagorean. Projected coordinate systems define a flat 2D Cartesian surface. , to complete your calculation. Setformula1=relations1. b) Spherical surface. We will try to find the queryImage in trainImage using feature matching. This function calculates the distance between two locations by using latitude and longitude from ZIP code, postal code or postcode. I'm trying to find which of these coordinates, if any, are associated with the same address, but incorrectly reverse-geocoded by Google/Bing. 72 decimal degrees. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. Latitudes and longitudes may be entered in any of three different formats, decimal degrees (DD. Find altitude filling in input fields (latitude, longitude) or doing click on the map. • Is a point inside a polygon? • Compare slopes of two lines. readlines () z = [ i. Enter two zip codes below and the distance between the zip codes will be calculated for you. Using Haversine Distance Equation, Here is a python code to find the closest location match based on distance for any given 2 CSV files which has Latitude and Longitudes Now a days, Its getting. I do this using a Python-script and ArcGIS. >>> print ((location. geopy is a Python client for several popular geocoding web services. The coordinates of the vector are. Hi, I need create a script using a command to find the distance between two node using Python Script. CreateFormula("Formula. " return math. r is the distance from 0 and phi the phase angle. Enter 2 sets of coordinates in the x y-plane of the 2 dimensional Cartesian coordinate system, (X 1, Y 1) and (X 2, Y 2), to get the distance formula calculation for the 2 points and calculate distance between the 2 points. I want to find the distance between all the coordinates with each other. The first 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the first point, and the second 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the second point. Thus, the distance of the point to the given plane is. To measure the distance between two points, a distance formula derived from the Pythagorean theorem is used. Multiply the Direction Vector by the scalar distance to produce the vector to the closest point - ie, OC. Now for a person who has an income of 76500 and age of 35, these two values will act as the x2 and y2. png and /samples/c/box_in_scene. longitude)). distance import pdist, squareform distances = pdist(chosen_black_indices) distance_matrix = squareform(distances) Great! The result is a giant 10,000 x 10,000 matrix with the Euclidean distances between every pixel. 1\MyEndPt1’,‘Geometrical Set. so i have to ask the user to input the two coordinates and based on haversine's formula to creae the code. How to Find Changing Distance between Two Moving Objects By Mark Ryan In a typical related rates problem, such as when you’re finding a change in the distance between two moving objects, the rate or rates in the given information are constant, unchanging, and you have to figure out a related rate that is changing with time. Calculate Distance Between Two Points Using Longitude && Latitude Tutorial and sample codes to calculate the distance between two locations. It allows your website's visitors to find the nearest dealers to their home by entering their own ZIP code. The output table can be quite large. The two vectors share an origin, and as such, they are sides of a triangle with three sides. To find a specific topic in this guide, use ctrl+F (command+F on a Mac) to search for a keyword, or find the relevant section in the table of contents below. usez ( boolean) – If True, the inputs will be interpreted as a redshift, and kwargs will be passed into the distance calculation. distance (point2) In [19]: print ("Distance between the points is {0:. Abaqus Python Script - Distance between 2 nodes. To calculate the square root of any expression in Python, use the sqrt() function which is an. The system has several satellites (24) in geosynchronous orbit around the earth. x1 is the horizontal coordinate (along the x axis) of Point 1, and x2 is the horizontal coordinate of Point 2. Answer: 10. We want to calculate AB, the distance between the points. For example, if both input and near features have 1,000 points each, then the output table can contain one million records. In this article, we will see how to calculate the distance between 2 points on the earth in two ways. If it is a random-access iterator, the function uses operator-to calculate this. Or as a function of 3 space coordinates (x,y,z), all the points satisfying the following lie on a sphere of radius r centered at the origin x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = r 2. But accuracy will be low. The x,y resolution is expressed in the units of the data (based on its coordinate system) such as in state plane feet, UTM meters, or Albers meters. The main idea is to render in the screen of a tablet, PC or smartphone a 3D model of a specific figure on top of a card according to the position and orientation of…. The coordinate system we use in this step must match the coordinate system of the input catalog. The distance itself can be Euclidean or Manhattan distance. Write a Python program to compute the distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). In my case I had to loop through each of the entries to update the table with the Well-Known Binary Representation. The script uses Haversine formula, which results in in approximations less than 1%. And also I want to calculate 2000 points of lat & long, distance all at once. Take the coordinates of two points you want to find the distance between. geopy is a Python client for several popular geocoding web services. The first 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the first point, and the second 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the second point. The above animation is an example of running K-Means Clustering on a two dimensional data. The centre of a circle is (2a, a – 7). ( The images are /samples/c/box. Note, you could have just plugged the coordinates into the formula, and arrived at the same solution. If the function is working, it should display dx is 3and dy is 4. Measuring the distance between pixels on OpenCv with Python +1 vote. CreateFormula("Formula. it follows that the distance between adjacent meridians of longitude at the Equator is 60 n. How to Install GeoPy ? pip install geopy Geodesic Distance: It is the length of the shortest path between 2 points on any surface. In this case, there are two alternatives: you could require the caller to sort the points before passing them in, or you could take a copy and sort the copy, like this: def closest(P): "Return the closest Euclidean distance between two points in the list P. Depending on the dimension the distance between two points can be found using the following formulas: The formula for calculating the distance between two points A(x a, y a) and B(x b, y b) on a plane: AB = √ (x b - x a) 2 + (y b - y a) 2. Thought this "as the crow flies" distance can be very accurate it is not always relevant as there is not always a straight path between two points. How would you do it?. This guide is for for students in CS101 at Boston University and covers the Python, Jython, and JES features that you'll use in CS101. However, this only examines the distance between two sets of coordinates. Your program should display the distance between the points, following the surface of the earth, in kilometers. The real works starts when you have to find distances between two coordinates or cities and generate a distance matrix to find out distance of each city from other. This will compute the great-circle distance between two latitude/longitude points, as well as the middle point. In mathematics, the polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point known as radius and an angle from a reference direction known as theta or simply angle. Let’s see how to write the code in java to find the distance. It is sufficient to find the distance between a point on the left to only a constant number of points on the right provided the points are sorted by y-coordinate. def heading_between_points(x1, y1, x2, y2): """Returns the angle between 2 points in degrees. Python Math: Exercise-27 with Solution. This is a modified form of the two-dimensional distance formula described above. Computes the duration of the fastest route between all pairs of supplied coordinates. For calculating the distance between two points you will be given with the two coordinates to calculate the distance. The linear distance is then r*d, where r is the radius of the globe (assuming that d is given in radians). Use type() to determine whether a coordinate is a 2D coordinate (has latitude and longitude only) or 3D coordinate (has latitude, longitude and altitude). inv(long1, lat1, long2, lat2) print "Distance is %0. It is tempting to use a few if statements to check for the different configurations of the two line segments but boundary cases make such an approach hard to get right: Imagine one of the. 14,620,385 members Calculate the distance between two locations given their. Matches from within the set map view plus an extended area are ranked highest. P1=(0,6); P2=(-2,6) Algebra -> Pythagorean-theorem -> SOLUTION: Find the distance d(P1, P2) between the points P1 and P2. We maintaned customer address(USA) in Account object with Zip code and Shipping location is customer object with full zip code address(USA). 406374 lon2 = 16. usez ( boolean) – If True, the inputs will be interpreted as a redshift, and kwargs will be passed into the distance calculation. If you have two geohashes, you first need to decode them into latitude and longitude: GEOHASH_DEC_LAT(#GeoHash) GEOHASH_DEC_LONG(#GeoHash) After you have your coordinates you can calculate the distance: IF(!. Introducing Haversine Distance. In python it should look like this def distance (x1, y1, x2, y2): dist = ( (x1 - x2)**2 + (y1-y2)**2)**. How would you do it?. geodesic - If geodesic is set to true, then the geodesic distance. Note that the distances are not the shortest distance between two coordinates, but rather the distances of the fastest routes. Today I tested another python module named pysolar with python 2. Initial and reverse headings (in degrees) can be calculated in a similar way using the. neighbors import DistanceMetric import osrm import numpy as np Define coordinates. Here are samples of the script I used for the update:. One such analysis is finding out which features are closest to a given feature. We use 2 lists: an open list containing the cells to explore and a closed list containing the processed cells. Distance between two points is the length of a line segment that connects these points. Following are some of the options to measure distance between two clusters: Measure the distance between the closes points of two clusters. float ) z = DataFrame ( z, columns=['x','y','thk','por','perm','lperm','lpermp','lpermr'] ) Next, we will plot the data, 1. Since, input() returns a string, we convert the string into number using the float() function. 0 with Python 3. png and /samples/c/box_in_scene. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. Posted on Dec 27, 2019 · 6 mins. Distance Calculator is use to calculate the distance between coordinates and distance between cities. There are various ways to handle this calculation problem. The x,y resolution is expressed in the units of the data (based on its coordinate system) such as in state plane feet, UTM meters, or Albers meters. zord1 ( scalar number) – Redshift or distance for start point. In three dimensions, points have a z coordinate in addition to their x and y coordinates. I have a large set of habitat polygons (over 10,000) between which I wish to calculate least-cost distances and cumulative costs for a subset of polygon pairs (nearest edge to nearest edge), using. Initial and reverse headings (in degrees) can be calculated in a similar way using the heading_initial() and heading_reverse() methods. The rest of this code is pretty simple, but you will need to know the x,y coordinates for the addresses between which you are measuring the distance. 2296756 lon1 = 21. The first 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the first point, and the second 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the second point. The following are 17 code examples for showing how to use geopy. More virtual. To find the distance between two points in a coordinate plane, a different formula based on the Pythagorean Theorem is used. CGI and Perl →. However, I would like to calculate the distance between the points before I run my script and without an ArcGIS. 42) lat2,long2 = (37. 1’)") SPAWorkbench Method. The most basic definition of the surface of a sphere is "the set of points an equal distance (called the radius) from a single point called the center". " return _closest_distance(sorted(P), len(P)) When recursing:. Use type() to determine whether a coordinate is a 2D coordinate (has latitude and longitude only) or 3D coordinate (has latitude, longitude and altitude). # Calculate the distance between point1 and point2 In [18]: point_dist = point1. c * */ public class HaversineDistance { /** * @param args * arg 1- latitude 1 * arg 2 - latitude 2 * arg 3 - longitude 1 * arg 4 - longitude 2 */ public static void main(String[] args. Find the values of a if the circle passes through the point (11, -9) and has diameter 10√2 units. To find the distance between two points on a Cartesian plane, this is the distance formula: where the x's and y's are the coordinates of two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). Hi SPSS list, I am trying to calculate the distance between two latitude/longitude points in this form: 40. However, pycaster has been extensively tested with different Python 2. Since the distance between two points $$(x, y)$$ and $$(x_0, y_0)$$ is given by $$r=\sqrt{(x-x_0)^2+(y-y_0)^2}$$ the code could be:. LineString attributes and functions¶. geographic coordinate reference systems. I am working on a Power BI project in which I have many locations taken from an Excel spreadsheet and are plotted on a map BI visual using their latitude and longitude. import mpu # Point one lat1 = 52. The inputs for the inverse solution are the latitude and longitude of two points and a reference model of Earth (several are provided). QGIS has a tool called Distance Matrix which helps with such analysis. There are other ways to do the estimation but this one is good enough for this example. longitude)). The resolution defines the distance between the mesh in a coordinate grid onto which all coordinates fit. Hello, I am trying to see if there is a Macro that will allow me to find the distance in miles between two addresses. Python | Calculate distance and duration between two places using google distance matrix API Last Updated: 08-06-2018 Google Map Distance Matrix API is a service that provides travel distance and time taken to reach destination. Given coordinates of two locations in decimal degrees, this calculator displays constant azimuth, distance and compass points for different compass roses. Initial and reverse headings (in degrees) can be calculated in a similar way using the. Example: Find the distance between (-2,8) and (-7,-5). The length of a normal segment from the origin to the plane through A , written in the normal form, is p + d. Here my code I used below code to calculate the distance between two location using their latitude and longitude. Serial GPS: Find Distance Between Two Points; C. To crossmatch two catalogs we need to compare the angular distance between objects on the celestial sphere. Vincenty algorithm for determining distance between two lat/long points and depending on the accuracy of your lat/long information can be accurate to centimeters/fractions of an inch. Greater Circle Distance Algorithms are used to calculate the distance between two points which assumes earth as a spherical object. Therefore, the distance of the two position vectors, which I will denote as a binary vector operator d (r, R) = ||r - R||. This distance between two points is given by the Pythagorean theorem. You are provided with a very simple to use distance calculator. The result will be in pc. Now use getPointY() and other. LineString attributes and functions¶. I have an Excel-file with coordinates (WGS84). Calculate the Distance from One Point to Another. You can find an explanation of this function here. Compute the weighted Minkowski distance between two 1-D arrays. def get_shortest_paths_distances(graph, pairs, edge_weight_name): """Compute shortest distance between each pair of nodes in a graph. It is sufficient to find the distance between a point on the left to only a constant number of points on the right provided the points are sorted by y-coordinate. To find the distance between two points in three-dimensional space, use d = √((x 2 - x 1) 2 + (y 2 - y 1) 2 + (z 2 - z 1) 2). This two rectangle together create the square frame. There are various ways to handle this calculation problem. Here is an example:. Relevant global results are also returned. According to the Pythagoras Theorem, (Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Height)2. Find the distance between the points (–2, –3) and (–4, 4). The shortest distance between two points in a plain is a straight line and we can use Pythagoras Theorem to calculate the distance between two points. I will select the lesser distance PIN code for customer. LocationServices; Get the distance Between two UK Post codes. This JavaScript uses the Haversine Formula (shown below) expressed in terms of a two-argument inverse tangent function to calculate the great circle distance between two points on the Earth. 722932 How can I calculate minimum distance between point C and a line consists of point A and B? It will be convenie. The library has no dependencies on any other libraries. There are multiple ways to calculate the distance based on the coordinates i. Find Line of Equidistance Between Two Points - See the path where the distance between two points is the same; Find Place With Name - Search for a town, city or place with your name; Find Places Within Radius - Search for places inside a radius of an address; Find Population on Map - Define an area on a map then find out the estimated. Serial GPS: Find Distance Between Two Points; C. You can try to use web connect with google api to calculate the distance: Distance Matrix API. 5 If you know real sizes of boxes you can also compute distance in cm. Our last example computes the distance between our reference object (a 3. create or replace PACKAGE GEOGRAPHICAL_PACKAGE IS --This Package is designed to calculate the linear distance between two geographical points --based on the Latitute and Longitude HALF_CIRCLE CONSTANT NUMBER := 180; MINUTES_PER_DEGREES CONSTANT NUMBER := 60; MILES_PER_MINUTES CONSTANT NUMBER := 1. Python VMD scripts. Let's say we have two points on a plane: the first point A has the coordinates (x1, y1), and the second point B has the coordinates (x2, y2). Calculate Euclidean distance between two points using Python. Given any two coordinates, it is possible to calculate the distance between them. Property #1: We know the dimensions of the object in some measurable unit (such as inches. Polygon: sequence of points. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. City-block distance¶. The actual distance between latitudes is always the same. 609344; FUNCTION PI RETURN NUMBER DETERMINISTIC. So the first line, I create one coordinate object. Python Distance between two locations (latitude/longitude) Aug 17, 2011. The smaller the angle, the higher the cosine similarity. In the image above, we can see that by cutting alpha in half, we get a right triangle where one leg is the distance between the sun and the other star. Angular distances have the same units as angles (degrees). For two vectors of ranked ordinal variables, the Euclidean distance is sometimes called Spear-man distance. The shortest distance between two points is a straight line, but how long is that line? When it comes to those two points, you may know them as GPS coordinates, or you may only have addresses. – Bharat Oct 28 '14 at 5:31. Please follow the given Python program to compute Euclidean Distance. split() Type Casting. latitude / longitude), while projected coordinate systems are localized to minimize visual distortion in a particular region (e. We use pixels on canvas in terms of using x,y coordinates. 406374 lon2 = 16. Minkowski distance: Minkowski Distance is used as a generalized method for both Euclidean and Manhattan distance. It is almost always the center of the projection. would calculate the pair-wise distances between the vectors in X using the Python function sokalsneath. Our platform provides companies of any size with the means to increase efficiency and streamline processes, connect with customers, and ultimately deliver the all-important exceptional user experience. 0 : Python Package Index You wouldn't even need to use ArcGIS to figure this out if you simply have a csv of point pairs to conduct the calculation. dist() method calculates the euclidean distance between two points (p and q), where p and q are the coordinates of that point. How to Install GeoPy ? pip install geopy Geodesic Distance: It is the length of the shortest path between 2 points on any surface. We also provide a number of other metrics such as: Driving and straight line distance between the zip codes. distance on arc from coord 1 to coord 2 = R *angle between them = R* arccos((x1*x2+y1*y2+z1*z2)/R^2) , where here the arccos is done w/ ur calculator in radian mode. py --image images/example_03. In vbscript i achieved in the following wayNow i want to implement this in unix shell scripting. Included sub-routines can be used to calculate any distance between latitude and longitude coordinates. gov ) of Caltech and NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory as. We mainly discuss directed graphs. 5) Figure 2 The Y coordinates of the line and point are zero and as such both lie on the XZ plane. geocode("345 Chambers Street New York") print((location. The coordinates of the vector representing the point are relative to the start of the line. In mathematical notation, points are often written in parentheses with a comma separating the coordinates. I have a line with two points in latitude and longitude A: 3. Hamming Distance. Python: Compute the distance between two points Last update on September 01 2020 10:25:52 (UTC/GMT +8 hours) Python Basic: Exercise-40 with Solution. degrees minutes seconds in a format like E 32 14 9 (32°14'9" East longitude). 1\MyEndPt1’,‘Geometrical Set. If the earth is treated as a sphere, the formula is 6371 km * cos-1(cos(Long1-Long2)cos(Lat1)cos(Lat2)+sin(Lat1)sin(Lat2))Here, Long1 and Lat1 are the coordinates of one point, and Long2 and Lat2. degrees minutes seconds in a format like E 32 14 9 (32°14'9" East longitude). Our service will then return the distance in km. Since the distance between two points $$(x, y)$$ and $$(x_0, y_0)$$ is given by $$r=\sqrt{(x-x_0)^2+(y-y_0)^2}$$ the code could be:. More virtual. This method finds a simple average latitude and longitude for the locations in 'Your Places'. This is also known as the Taxicab distance or Manhattan distance, where d is distance measurement between two objects, (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2) are the X, Y and Z coordinates of any two objects taken for distance measurement. If you pass an address as a string, the service will geocode the string and convert it to a latitude/longitude coordinate to calculate directions. Finding out the distance between two locations Creating a cross-platform Python script using Kivy methods are used to find the x and y coordinates of the. GeoPy is a Python library that makes geographical calculations easier for the users. Calculate distance between two points on Earth Write a program in python that allows the user to enter the latitude and longitude of two points on the Earth in degrees. python numpy euclidean distance calculation between matrices of row vectors (4) To apply a function to each element of a numpy array, try numpy. atan2(√a, √(1−a)) d = R. Sample Solution:-. We have used many of Python’s built-in types; now we are going to define a new type. Setformula1=relations1. However, the definition of ‘close’ remains ambiguous. Example: [Point(22, 180), Point(-22,-180)]. A quick Google search showed a number of solutions that could be tried. Calculating distance between two Points ( Longitude and Latitude) in SQL using GEOGRAPHY type - Duration: 8:51. 263593049 615654. The Perpendicular Distance Calculator provides you with the ability to calculate the distance between to geographic locations. The main idea is to render in the screen of a tablet, PC or smartphone a 3D model of a specific figure on top of a card according to the position and orientation of…. H ere is the source code of the Python function (distance_between_points) that does the distance calculation:. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. Home; About; data science, pandas, python, scipy, How to calculate Distance in Python and Pandas using Scipy spatial and distance functions. C program to calculate distance between two points; Calculate geographic coordinates of places using google geocoding API in Python? Distance between Vertices and Eccentricity; C program to calculate distance between three points in 3D; Minkowski distance in Python; Hamming Distance in Python; Find the minimum distance between two numbers in C++. Grid Refs are in B8 and C8, shown on grid as two circles. GeoPy is a Python library that makes geographical calculations easier for the users. Simply call with Postcode and “Home postcode” provided in the parameters. So far, so good. Calculating Geodistance #Calculating Geodesic distance from geopy. Calculation of a distance on loxodrome (rhumb line) and course angle (azimuth) between two points with a given geographical coordinates. Measure distance between two atoms in multi-state objects e. zord2 ( scalar number) – Redshift or distance for end point. Formula to obtain the distance between two coordinates of google maps. 4222507705, 1205917. Distance and Heading Calculation: LatLon objects have a distance() method which accepts a 2nd LatLon object as an argument. I am new to python and QGIS. The library has no dependencies on any other libraries. Kite is a free autocomplete for Python developers. A lot of my posts recently have focused on the analysis of spacial data coming from either the GPS on my phone (collected through Strava) or geo-tagged tweets. 1 Nautical Mile is exactly 1852 metres. These examples are extracted from open source projects. readlines () z = [ i. ' '===== ' Calculate geodesic distance (in m) ' between two points specified by ' latitude/longitude (in numeric ' [decimal] degrees) ' using Vincenty inverse formula ' for ellipsoids '===== ' Code has been ported by lost_species ' from www. Python | Calculate distance and duration between two places using google distance matrix API Last Updated: 08-06-2018 Google Map Distance Matrix API is a service that provides travel distance and time taken to reach destination. 6 Staggering of horizontal grid descriptors (lengths. 43 Longitude is around Concepcion, Paraguay. 7410861, -73. Robinson, UTM, State Plane). Convert a complex from rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. I will select the lesser distance PIN code for customer. Thought this "as the crow flies" distance can be very accurate it is not always relevant as there is not always a straight path between two points. Here my code I used below code to calculate the distance between two location using their latitude and longitude. In this example that means we can minimize the distance squared between the point and the line segment, and then the value t that we find will also minimize the non-squared distance. A famous variant of this problem is the traveling salesman problem. λ = ∞ is the Chebyshev distance. Calculate distance between two coordinates. A point on the earth's surface represented by latitude and longitude coordinates. python (3) regex (1) sql (16). Then the distance becomes $$\sqrt{(180-400)^2 + (0-1)^2}$$, which is about equal to 220. Python VMD scripts. However, I would like to calculate the distance between the points before I run my script and without an ArcGIS. # Richard Czarapata # CS1411 # Lab Section 502 # Slope of a line # # A program which promts the user for two point coordinated on a plane and then # computes and prints the corresponding distance between each pair of real numbers # # If x1, y1, x2,and y2 are real numbers, then the distance of the line which connects # the two points may be calculated by taking the square root of the sum of (y2. distance() will calculate the great-circle distance between the two coordinates using the WGS84 ellipsoid by default. How to use the pythagorean theorem to solve. For a one-hot encoded string, it might make more sense to summarize to the sum of the bit differences between the strings, which will always be a 0 or 1. LineString-object has many useful built-in attributes and functionalities. The angle east or west from a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through the GeoPoint, between -180 and. But there’s an even better choice, based on the determinant of a matrix. sqrt((x2 - x1)**2 + (y2 - y1)**2) return distprint calculateDistance(x1, y1, x2, y2) if it is along a line, you could just split the line with the points and use the length of the line for that. It can be used when the points are decimal. In both cases, the distance function accepts five parameters: lat1, lon1: The Latitude and Longitude of point 1 (in decimal degrees) lat2, lon2: The Latitude and Longitude of point 2 (in decimal degrees) unit: The unit of measurement in which to calculate the results where: 'M' is statute miles (default) 'K' is kilometers 'N' is nautical miles. Hamming Distance. As in the case of numerical vectors, pdist is more efficient for computing the distances between all pairs. This is a modified form of the two-dimensional distance formula described above. Otherwise, the function uses the increase operator (operator++) repeatedly. geographic coordinate reference systems. For Calculate a Distance Matrix geographic availability, see the travelMode parameter below. Setting npts = 2 has the effect of just calculating the great circle distance between the two input points. Here is the design you will implement in Python. The main idea is to render in the screen of a tablet, PC or smartphone a 3D model of a specific figure on top of a card according to the position and orientation of…. 2296756 lon1 = 21. So when you want to use this method to figure out a distance between two coordinate objects, this is how you do it. dxG is the horizontal distance between points (tracer cell corners) in the tile’s direction. Postcode to Longitude/Latitude. Formula to obtain the distance between two coordinates of google maps. Let’s now look at a more detailed explanation of this technique. Calculate the distance between two locations given their latitude and longitude. aliencoffee. An alternative method to measure the distance between two points with a CATIA macro is to use the SPAWorkbench properties and methods. The distance calculation is useful when your web application works with the user’s location. The angle east or west from a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through the GeoPoint, between -180 and. ZIPCITYDISTANCE relies in information contained in the data set SASHELP. Please help!. It is almost always the center of the projection. The 3 dimensions being the right ascension, declination, and the depth (redshift). In three dimensions, points have a z coordinate in addition to their x and y coordinates. X + t*dx, Y = Pt1. A quick Google search showed a number of solutions that could be tried. the geometry1 and geometry2 geometries. Call one point Point 1 (x1,y1) and make the other Point 2 (x2,y2). For example, following query finds the distance between Boston and Los Angeles. Minkowski distance: Minkowski Distance is used as a generalized method for both Euclidean and Manhattan distance. To find the distance r from a particular point, say (1,-0. So when you want to use this method to figure out a distance between two coordinate objects, this is how you do it. 0 with Python 3. Use distanceTo() and azimuthTo() to calculate the distance and bearing between coordinates. Longitude and latitude for United States ZIP Code and Canadian Postal Cod Categories. If None, uses all of the vertices in the graph. If the points A(x1,y1,z1) and B(x2,y2,z2) are in 3-dimensional space, then the Euclidean distance between them is |AB| = √ ((x2-x1)^2 +(y2-y1)^2 +(z2-z1)^2) How to Calculate Square Root. You apply this function to every pair (all 630) calculated above in odd_node_pairs. How would you do it?. QGIS has a tool called Distance Matrix which helps with such analysis. Since 1 o subtends an arc of 60 n. Latitude and Longitude using Google Maps V3 API. distanceUnit - specifies the units for measuring distance between. Find altitude by coordinates on google maps in meters and feet. You can always use the distance formula, find the lengths of the three sides, and then apply Heron’s formula. Our service will then return the distance in km. Minimum Distance between a Point and a Line Written by Paul Bourke October 1988 This note describes the technique and gives the solution to finding the shortest distance from a point to a line or line segment. Keep storing the visited vertices in an array say ‘path[]’. Latitude and Longitude using Google Maps V3 API. In our case, the surface is. 1515; KILOMETERS_PER_MILES CONSTANT NUMBER := 1. If you are not sure what the gps coordinates are, you can use the coordinates converter to convert an address into latlong format or vice versa. In our case, the surface is. The first 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the first point, and the second 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the second point. Let's calculate the distance between point A(-5;8) and B(3/5;17). If the earth is treated as a sphere, the formula is 6371 km * cos-1(cos(Long1-Long2)cos(Lat1)cos(Lat2)+sin(Lat1)sin(Lat2))Here, Long1 and Lat1 are the coordinates of one point, and Long2 and Lat2. Note, you could have just plugged the coordinates into the formula, and arrived at the same solution. As the docs mention , you will need to convert your points to radians first for this to work. For two vectors of ranked ordinal variables, the Euclidean distance is sometimes called Spear-man distance. If you would like to learn more about these scripts, you can read the Tcl and Python scripting sections in the VMD User's Guide and consult Tcl and Python references. List your latitude coordinates before longitude coordinates. Depending on what you are using that distance for it might be more useful to use Manhattan distance (dx+dy) or the 8-connected variation of this, the Chebyshev distance. City-block distance¶. Find altitude filling in input fields (latitude, longitude) or doing click on the map. Once we have the dictionary, we find the closest transit station to each result. , to complete your calculation. Distance between two points is the length of a line segment that connects these points. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. split () for i in z [10:] ] z = np. Distance Calculator is use to calculate the distance between coordinates and distance between cities. The coordinate system we use in this step must match the coordinate system of the input catalog. ~translational_update_distance (float, default: 0. From these coordinates I create a line (shp) and transform it (ETRS89). 0: a += math. For example, there is a trade-off between distance and direction because both features can not be simultaneously preserved. This distance metric is used when dealing with categorical data. Returns the durations or distances or both between the coordinate pairs. Let’s get more familiar with the 4d coordinate system of a video volume (time x row x column x channel). between the geometry1 and geometry2 geometries is returned. Free sample source codes in PHP, ASP, ColdFusion, C/C++, C#, Java, Perl, Visual Basic and Javascript. CGI and Perl →. One use for a geodesic line is when you want to determine the shortest distance between two cities for an airplane's flight path. z)) The maximum of the three coordinates is the distance. The library has no dependencies on any other libraries. In the case of a line in the plane given by the equation ax + by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real constants with a and b not both zero, the distance from the line to a point (x 0,y 0) is: p. Lets suppose the endpoint coordinates of the first segment are given as a python list s1:[x1 y1 x2 y2] and similarly for the second segment s2:[x1 y1 x2 y2]. There are various ways to handle this calculation problem. Convert a complex from rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates. espeak basic usage example; espeak easy to use C functions; GPS Parser and Distance Finding; C++. Installation. Your program should display the distance between the points, following the surface of the earth, in kilometers. me , a web platform for camping in the Pacific Northwest, I knew distance would be an important feature for searching campgrounds. 666666666666667: Plot the intersection point. Distance Calculator is use to calculate the distance between coordinates and distance between cities. Parameters first Iterator pointing to the initial element. Depending on the dimension the distance between two points can be found using the following formulas: The formula for calculating the distance between two points A(x a, y a) and B(x b, y b) on a plane: AB = √ (x b - x a) 2 + (y b - y a) 2. Find Line of Equidistance Between Two Points - See the path where the distance between two points is the same; Find Place With Name - Search for a town, city or place with your name; Find Places Within Radius - Search for places inside a radius of an address; Find Population on Map - Define an area on a map then find out the estimated. Introducing Haversine Distance. Think about that; if the planes are not parallel, they must intersect, eventually. LocationServices; Get the distance Between two UK Post codes. 4222507705, 1205917. 9 lon1, lat1, lon2. Other element would receive the click. aliencoffee. But this is not a Python project. See a similar question/answer here: Creating a distance matrix from PDB file coordinates (Python) Calculate Distance Between Two Superposed Equivalent Atoms. In this post I will be discussing two ways of finding all paths between a source node and a destination node in a graph: Using DFS: The idea is to do Depth First Traversal of given directed graph. Even if you know each latitude and longitude, the math behind the distance calculation is complicated. This is also known as a great circle line if based on a sphere rather than an ellipsoid. Unlike a geographic coordinate system, a projected coordinate system has constant lengths, angles, and areas across the two dimensions. Use the coord_distance function to find the distance in kilometers between two pairs of coordinates. 2958 # 180/pi, used to convert latitude/longitude from degrees to radians. 1 thought on " How To / Python: Calculate Mahalanobis Distance " Snow July 26, 2017 at 3:11 pm. 1) I doubt if anyone will just up and give you code without some evidence you have tried solving the problem yourself. To find the distance between the two points, call it c, use the Pythagorean. The above animation is an example of running K-Means Clustering on a two dimensional data. As detailed in our previous blog post, our reference object should have two important properties:. 227511, 101. A point on the earth's surface represented by latitude and longitude coordinates. The distance between red and green could be calculated as the sum or the average number of bit differences between the two bitstrings. We finally. y-coordinate, and a z-coordinate. Even if you know each latitude and longitude, the math behind the distance calculation is complicated. We maintaned customer address(USA) in Account object with Zip code and Shipping location is customer object with full zip code address(USA). For this tutorial I used Jupyter lab 1. The first 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the first point, and the second 2 parameters declare the x and y coordinates of the second point. 9251681 # What you were looking for dist = mpu. This is even the case with GPS or GoogleEarth data, which use the specific WGS84 datum. The points can be 1-dimensional or n-dimensional. 266934, -74. This package is already hosted on PyPI here and can be easily installed through pip as such:. However, the definition of ‘close’ remains ambiguous. The most basic definition of the surface of a sphere is "the set of points an equal distance (called the radius) from a single point called the center". If the graph is not connected, and there is no path between two vertices, the number of vertices is used instead the length of the geodesic. Line: two numbers a and b [ax + by = 1] Line segment: two points. Ground speed will measure your speed along the surface you are traveling (counting the revolutions of a wheel), and GPS-calculated distance will "connect the dots" between your GPS points and triangulate the distance between the. User gives the current city and destination city to start the process. Find the distance between two zip codes. Distance Calculator is use to calculate the distance between coordinates and distance between cities. I will select the lesser distance PIN code for customer. To find the distance r from a particular point, say (1,-0. Latitudes and longitudes may be entered in any of three different formats, decimal degrees (DD. # Keywords Transformation, Transformations, coordinate. C2,G2 (Y Coord), D2,H2 (X Coord) are cell references, and i'm calculating distance in nautical miles hence the 3440. $\endgroup$ – Yasmin Apr 20 at 1:41. Formula: Distance Between Two Points =. In that case, do we need to check the distance between every point on the left to every point on the right? The answer is NO. distance() will calculate the great-circle distance between the two coordinates using the WGS84 ellipsoid by default. The tool creates a table with distances between two sets of points. I just plug the coordinates into the Distance Formula: Then the distance is sqrt (53) , or about 7. The following steps will help us calculate these (x,y) coordinates: Step 1 The three equations for the three circles are as. LineString attributes and functions¶. In this program, we asked the user to enter two numbers and this program displays the sum of two numbers entered by user. If you don't know how to get the distance between coordinates then you are at the right place. Kite is a free autocomplete for Python developers. Implementation in python. You can always use the distance formula, find the lengths of the three sides, and then apply Heron’s formula. Angular distances have the same units as angles (degrees). Using those values, this python program will calculate the Area of a rectangle and perimeter of a rectangle. Distance Calculator is use to calculate the distance between coordinates and distance between cities. Free sample source codes in PHP, ASP, ColdFusion, C/C++, C#, Java, Perl, Visual Basic and Javascript. Let’s now look at a more detailed explanation of this technique. if finding out distance is not possible getting the coordinates. Finding the distance between two latitude, longitude points is a small but important function of our favorite apps and gadgets. 1515; KILOMETERS_PER_MILES CONSTANT NUMBER := 1. LineString attributes and functions¶. degrees(angle_trunc(math. latitude, location. The two vectors share an origin, and as such, they are sides of a triangle with three sides. Calculate the great circle distance between two points. So that's the square root of 4^2 + 3^2, which is equal to the square root of 16 + 9, which is the square root of 25, which magically works out to be a whole number, it's 5. latitude, location. Initial and reverse headings (in degrees) can be calculated in a similar way using the. When calculating the distance between two points on a 2D plan/map we often calculate or measure the distance using straight line between these two points. Calculate the great circle distance between two points. [NCERT Exemplar] Solution: By given condition, Distance between the centre C (2a, a-1) and the point P (11, -9), which lie on the circle = Radius of circle. In mathematical notation, points are often written in parentheses with a comma separating the coordinates. The output table can be quite large. UR We are the right and left wheel velocities along the ground. Calculate Distance Between GPS Points in Python 09 Mar 2018. import mathdef calculateDistance(x1,y1,x2,y2): dist = math. A naive metric for distance squared between (lat,lon) and (lat0, lon0) just uses the "Euclidean norm", because it's easy to compute: dist_squared = (lat - lat0) 2 + (lon - lon0) 2 So we need to find indices x and y such that the point (Latitude[ y , x ], Longitude[ y , x ]) is close to the desired point (lat0, lon0). In this case, I have a queryImage and a trainImage. The finding of latitude and longitude by astronomical and temporal means has been somewhat replaced by the public availability of the Global Positioning System (GPS). Recall that the position of a point in the plane can be described using polar coordinates $(r,\theta)$. Then the distance becomes $$\sqrt{(180-400)^2 + (0-1)^2}$$, which is about equal to 220. However, this only examines the distance between two sets of coordinates. Postcode to Longitude/Latitude. So we have to take a look at geodesic distances. distance_states ,,[same=0] or e. λ = ∞ is the Chebyshev distance. z)) The maximum of the three coordinates is the distance. mouseMove(X, Y); } Java Robot mouse double click. To meet this need, I will use the Google Maps API, which will perform the calculations and the CLR (C #) or OLE Automation to perform web requests to query and return the data. How would you do it?. Vincenty’s formulae are two related iterative methods used in geodesy to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a spheroid, developed by Thaddeus Vincenty (1975a). C program to calculate distance between two points; Calculate geographic coordinates of places using google geocoding API in Python? Distance between Vertices and Eccentricity; C program to calculate distance between three points in 3D; Minkowski distance in Python; Hamming Distance in Python; Find the minimum distance between two numbers in C++. Code faster with the Kite plugin for your code editor, featuring Line-of-Code Completions and cloudless processing. Find altitude filling in input fields (latitude, longitude) or doing click on the map. Calculate the Distance from One Point to Another. 204930 respectively, with negatives for South and West. As I was going to code a Python adaptation of the Octave-Force findpeaks, I finally found what I was searching: a Python native equivalent of the MatLab findpeaks, with minimum distance and height filtering support. 4 Latitude by -57. Answer: 10. inv(long1, lat1, long2, lat2) print "Distance is %0. If you don't know your location, use the where am I right now to find out. I have an Excel-file with coordinates (WGS84). In this article, we will see how to calculate the distance between 2 points on the earth in two ways. This is the Hamming distance. i have doubt on how to find the distance between any two point in an image. The main idea is to render in the screen of a tablet, PC or smartphone a 3D model of a specific figure on top of a card according to the position and orientation of…. To find the distance between the two points, call it c, use the Pythagorean. [1] Here’s the formula we’ll implement in a bit in Python, found in the middle of the Wikipedia article:. // Store the fixedMarker coordinates in a variable. [NCERT Exemplar] Solution: By given condition, Distance between the centre C (2a, a-1) and the point P (11, -9), which lie on the circle = Radius of circle. How to Install GeoPy ? pip install geopy Geodesic Distance: It is the length of the shortest path between 2 points on any surface. Once we have the dictionary, we find the closest transit station to each result. Longitude and Latitude to Determine Distance Using longitude and latitude to determine distance in rectangular coordinates. This guide is for for students in CS101 at Boston University and covers the Python, Jython, and JES features that you'll use in CS101. geocode("345 Chambers Street New York") print((location. Remember that while pythagoras will give you the shortest geometrical distance (Eucledian distance) between the points it is by far not the only measure of distance usable. Code faster with the Kite plugin for your code editor, featuring Line-of-Code Completions and cloudless processing. This is also known as the Taxicab distance or Manhattan distance, where d is distance measurement between two objects, (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2) are the X, Y and Z coordinates of any two objects taken for distance measurement. That all leads to an implementation of what is known as the T. See also: Latitude/Longitude Calculator. Python Exercises, Practice and Solution: Write a Python program to compute the distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).


text:
Define basal metabolic rate and list the factors that affect it. (60% of marks)

Describe the ways it may be measured. (40% of marks)


text:
# Trouble with latex and dvips with an FSTTCS documentclass

Following from my other question Which DVI viewer on linux?, now that I can easily view DVI files I came to the conclusion that the unusual document class I used for my document defines some non-standard margins and/or page size. This clashes with my compilation chain latex --> dvips --> ps2pdf (I'm using PSTricks): the dvi file looks formatted fine, but dvips isn't able to get the page size right and the margins look shifted.

The class file I'm using is located here (in the submission format section of the FSTTCS conference page there is also a zip file with a readme and examples). You can see my problem by compiling this minimal example:

\documentclass{fsttcs}
\begin{document}
\title{My document}
\runningtitle{My document}
\runningauthors{A, B, C}
\author{A, B, C}
\affiliation{XYZ}
\section{Sect. 1}
This is the section 1 of the test file.
This is the section 1 of the test file.
This is the section 1 of the test file.
\newpage
\section{Sect. 2}
This is the section 2 of the test file.
This is the section 2 of the test file.
This is the section 2 of the test file.
\newpage
\section{Sect. 3}
This is the section 3 of the test file.
This is the section 3 of the test file.
This is the section 3 of the test file.
\end{document}

With a simple pdflatex test.tex everything looks ok, but when I run latex test.tex && dvips test.dvi && ps2pdf test.ps, the page slightly changes its proportions and the page contents are shifted. I tried passing specifying all formats supported by dvips (letter, legal, ledger, a4, a3) with the dvips -t <size>, but none of them works correctly.

I'm sure pdflatex gives the correct output because it is the same as the precompiled pdf included in the example zip file, but I can't use it because of PSTricks and I'm unable to specify the correct format to dvips. What should I do, please?

-
It's quite obscure why the class sets letterpaper but then calls crop with the a4 option. However, you get identical results by adding the option a4paper or letterpaper to \documentclass. The provided example uses ISO A4 paper. –  egreg May 7 '12 at 8:45
@egreg: hi, thanks for passing by. I think it may have something to do with the page numbers: the body with the contents is always centered, but the page numbers appears to its right and its left side (see my example compiled wit pdflatex). Unfortunately both the options you suggest lead to results different from the correct one. –  Riccardo May 7 '12 at 8:53
it is possible to use pdflatex when using PSTricks- see these questions http://tex.stackexchange.com/search?q=pdflatex+pstricks for details –  cmhughes May 7 '12 at 8:58
dvi2pdf directly works OK for me. –  Harish Kumar May 7 '12 at 9:59

I get the same result as the examples provided by stating explicitly that we want A4 paper:

\documentclass{fsttcs}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf\else
\AtBeginDvi{\special{papersize=21cm,29.7cm}}
\fi
\begin{document}

However the class is badly written, as it uses geometry but sets \paperwidth and \paperheight in incompatible ways. It's not clear what page dimensions they would like: the class issues letterpaper, but then also uses the a4 option to crop and defines even different sizes afterwards.

-
That's great, it works like a charm... thanks a lot! –  Riccardo May 7 '12 at 9:18


text:
Bayesian Analysis

Modal clustering in a class of product partition models

David B. Dahl

Abstract

This paper defines a class of univariate product partition models for which a novel deterministic search algorithm is guaranteed to find the maximum a posteriori (MAP) clustering or the maximum likelihood (ML) clustering. While the number of possible clusterings of $n$ items grows exponentially according to the Bell number, the proposed mode-finding algorithm exploits properties of the model to provide a search requiring only $n(n+1)$ computations. No Monte Carlo is involved. Thus, the algorithm finds the MAP or ML clustering for potentially tens of thousands of items, whereas it can only be approximated through a stochastic search. Integrating over the model parameters in a Dirichlet process mixture (DPM) model leads to a product partition model. A simulation study explores the quality of the clustering estimates despite departures from the assumptions. Finally, applications to three specific models --- clustering means, probabilities, and variances --- are used to illustrate the variety of applicable models and mode-finding algorithm.

Article information

Source
Bayesian Anal. Volume 4, Number 2 (2009), 243-264.

Dates
First available in Project Euclid: 22 June 2012

https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1340370277

Digital Object Identifier
doi:10.1214/09-BA409

Mathematical Reviews number (MathSciNet)
MR2507363

Zentralblatt MATH identifier
1330.62248

Citation

Dahl, David B. Modal clustering in a class of product partition models. Bayesian Anal. 4 (2009), no. 2, 243--264. doi:10.1214/09-BA409. https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1340370277

References

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• Schwarz, G. (1978). "Estimating the Dimension of a Model." The Annals of Statistics, 6: 461–464.


text:
# Potential Energy Operator subjected to a Coulombic Potential

Looking for help with "Construciting the potential energy operator of a particle subjected to a Coulombic potential?"

Coulombic Potential: $$\phi$$ = q/(4$$\pi$$$$\epsilon$$r)

Total Energy= (Kinetic + Potential) = [-(h^2/2m)(d^2psi/dx^2) + U(x)]

Kinetic Energy Operator = -(h^2/2m)(d^2$$\psi$$/dx^2)

I am looking for the potential energy operator


text:
# 6 or

1. ### [6/ (x+2)] + [11/ (x-7)]

[6/ (x+2)] + [11/ (x-7)] Simplify. Can somebody please show me how to do this problem step by step & give the answer? thanks so much!


text:
# Obtaining a 3D animation as a drop in a liquid surface

Someone could get a similar solution like this animation?

I believe the solution is useful for demonstrations in class to other users who teach Math.

Spreading of a Thin Liquid Drop Under the Influence of Gravity, Rotation and Non-Uniform Surface Tension

• If similar is needed then: 63200. "I declare that I have no idea how to get started" - very convenient :) You can always try a straightforward approach with Graphics3D Table Point and positions dependent of a parameter. p.s. useful search query animation + generative-art
– Kuba
Aug 4 '16 at 6:26
• By your comment, now can I have an idea how to start :). If no one, for now, add a solution, I will trying through these references. Grateful. Aug 4 '16 at 6:46
• You might be interested in this. Aug 4 '16 at 6:59
• @LeandroMacieldeCarvalho. I find that using the search bar within the site doesn't work all that great. When I have a question, I usually just google "mathematica stack exchange ..." where "..." are some key-words for what I'm looking for. You can also try searching within tags within the site by searching, for instance, for "[plotting] animation". Aug 4 '16 at 16:23
• Also, it's very important to give the source whenever you post material that hasn't been generated by code you are posting. You may be violating copyright,
– Jens
Aug 11 '16 at 20:38

Thanks to J.M.

drop = SetAlphaChannel[#, ColorNegate@#] &@
Binarize@Rasterize@
ParametricPlot[{r Cos[t] (1 - Sin[t]), -3 +
r (5/2 (Sin[t] - 1) + 3)}, {t, 0, 2 Pi}, {r, 0, 1},
BoundaryStyle -> None, Axes -> False, Frame -> False]

circle = Table[
Translate[
Point[{##, 0} & @@@ CirclePoints[r, 10 + 20 r]],
{0, 0, Dynamic[f[#, t]] &@r}
],
{r, .5, 20, .5}
];

f[r_, t_] := UnitBox[(r - t)/(2 Pi) - .5] Sin[r - t];
t = -4 Pi;

Column@{
Trigger[Dynamic[t], {-4 Pi, 20}] ,
Graphics3D[
{AbsolutePointSize@2, circle,
Dynamic @ If[t < -1.9 Pi,
Inset[drop, {0, 0, -(t + 2 Pi)}, Automatic, Scaled[{.03, .05}]],
{}
]
},
ViewVertical -> {0, 0, 1}, ImageSize -> 700,
PlotRange -> {20 {-1, 1}, 20 {-1, 1}, 10 {-1, 1}},
ViewAngle -> Pi/16, Boxed -> False, ViewPoint -> {5, 0, 3},
BoxRatios -> Automatic]}

• beautiful...+1 can almost here the drop :) Aug 4 '16 at 11:01
• @ubpdqn Thanks, but let's be clear, it is not the prettiest one :) Though I don't care, my goal in such cases is to create something interactive rather than a neat gif.
– Kuba
Aug 4 '16 at 11:19
• yes it would not be used in Disney CGI...but terse and perhaps motivates...I am off to sleep :) Aug 4 '16 at 11:53
• Great job! Now I will study your code. I am beginner and I am thrilled to see that there are several solutions using this software. Aug 4 '16 at 21:25