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 Select A Fully Symmetrical Quantum Key Distribution System Capable of Preparing and Measuring Quantum States Tianqi Dou , Jipeng Wang , Zhenhua Li , Wenxiu Qu , Shunyu Yang , Zhongqi Sun , Fen Zhou , Yanxin Han , Yuqing Huang , and Haiqiang Ma Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (11): 110301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/11/110301 Abstract   HTML   PDF (1222KB) We propose a fully symmetrical QKD system that enables quantum states to be prepared and measured simultaneously without compromising system performance. Over a 25.6 km fiber channel, we demonstrate point-to-point QKD operations with asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer modules. Two interference visibilities of above 99% indicate that the proposed system has excellent stability. Consequently, the scheme not only improves the feasibility of distributing secret keys, but also enables QKD closer to more practical applications.
 Select Mutual Restriction between Concurrence and Intrinsic Concurrence for Arbitrary Two-Qubit States A-Long Zhou , Dong Wang, Xiao-Gang Fan , Fei Ming , and Liu Ye Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (11): 110302 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/11/110302 Abstract   HTML   PDF (2049KB) Concurrence is viewed as the most commonly approach for quantifying entanglement of two-qubit states, while intrinsic concurrence contains concurrence of four pure states consisting of a special pure state ensemble concerning an arbitrary two-qubit state. Thus, a natural question arises: Whether there is a specified relation between them. We firstly examine the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence for the maximally nonlocal mixed state under a special unitary operation, which is not yet rigorously proved. In order to obtain a general result, we investigate the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence using randomly generated two-qubit states, and derive an inequality relation between them. Finally, we take into account the relation between concurrence and intrinsic concurrence in open systems, and reveal the ratio of the two quantum resources, which is only correlated with the experiencing channels.
 Select Chiral State Conversion in a Levitated Micromechanical Oscillator with ${\boldsymbol In~Situ}$ Control of Parameter Loops Peiran Yin, Xiaohui Luo, Liang Zhang, Shaochun Lin, Tian Tian, Rui Li, Zizhe Wang, Changkui Duan, Pu Huang, and Jiangfeng Du Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (10): 100301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/100301 Abstract   HTML   PDF (4741KB) Physical systems with gain and loss can be described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, which is degenerated at the exceptional points (EPs). Many new and unexpected features have been explored in the non-Hermitian systems with a great deal of recent interest. One of the most fascinating features is that chiral state conversion appears when one EP is encircled dynamically. Here, we propose an easy-controllable levitated microparticle system that carries a pair of EPs and realize slow evolution of the Hamiltonian along loops in the parameter plane. Utilizing the controllable rotation angle, gain and loss coefficients, we can control the structure, size and location of the loops in situ. We demonstrate that, under the joint action of topological structure of energy surfaces and nonadiabatic transitions, the chiral behavior emerges both along a loop encircling an EP and even along a straight path away from the EP. This work broadens the range of parameter space for the chiral state conversion, and proposes a useful platform to explore the interesting properties of exceptional points physics.
 Select Abundant Traveling Wave Structures of (1+1)-Dimensional Sawada–Kotera Equation: Few Cycle Solitons and Soliton Molecules Wei Wang, Ruoxia Yao, and Senyue Lou Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (10): 100501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/100501 Abstract   HTML   PDF (3095KB) Traveling wave solutions have been well studied for various nonlinear systems. However, for high order nonlinear physical models, there still exist various open problems. Here, travelling wave solutions to the well-known fifth-order nonlinear physical model, the Sawada–Kotera equation, are revisited. Abundant travelling wave structures including soliton molecules, soliton lattice, kink-antikink molecules, peak-plateau soliton molecules, few-cycle-pulse solitons, double-peaked and triple-peaked solitons are unearthed.
 Select Butterfly-Like Anisotropic Magnetoresistance and Angle-Dependent Berry Phase in a Type-II Weyl Semimetal WP$_{2}$ Kaixuan Zhang, Yongping Du, Pengdong Wang, Laiming Wei, Lin Li, Qiang Zhang, Wei Qin, Zhiyong Lin, Bin Cheng, Yifan Wang, Han Xu, Xiaodong Fan, Zhe Sun, Xiangang Wan, and Changgan Zeng Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (9): 090301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/9/090301 Abstract   HTML   PDF (2807KB) The Weyl semimetal has emerged as a new topologically nontrivial phase of matter, hosting low-energy excitations of massless Weyl fermions. Here, we present a comprehensive study of a type-II Weyl semimetal WP$_{2}$. Transport studies show a butterfly-like magnetoresistance at low temperature, reflecting the anisotropy of the electron Fermi surfaces. This four-lobed feature gradually evolves into a two-lobed variant with an increase in temperature, mainly due to the reduced relative contribution of electron Fermi surfaces compared to hole Fermi surfaces for magnetoresistance. Moreover, an angle-dependent Berry phase is also discovered, based on quantum oscillations, which is ascribed to the effective manipulation of extremal Fermi orbits by the magnetic field to feel nearby topological singularities in the momentum space. The revealed topological character and anisotropic Fermi surfaces of the WP$_{2}$ substantially enrich the physical properties of Weyl semimetals, and show great promises in terms of potential topological electronic and Fermitronic device applications.
 Select Constructing a Maximally Entangled Seven-Qubit State via Orthogonal Arrays Xin-Wei Zha , Min-Rui Wang, and Ruo-Xu Jiang  Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (9): 090302 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/9/090302 Abstract   HTML   PDF (410KB) Huber et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 (2017) 200502] have proved that a seven-qubit state whose three-body marginal states are all maximally mixed does not exist. Here, we propose a method to build a maximally entangled state based on orthogonal arrays to construct maximally entangled seven-qubit states. Using this method, we not only determine that a seven-qubit state whose three-body marginals are all maximally mixed does not exist, but also find the condition for maximally entangled seven-qubit states. We consider that $\pi_{\rm ME} =19/140$ is a condition for maximally entangled seven-qubit states. Furthermore, we derive three forms of maximally entangled seven-qubit states via orthogonal arrays.
 Select The Analytic Eigenvalue Structure of the 1+1 Dirac Oscillator Bo-Xing Cao  and Fu-Lin Zhang Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (9): 090303 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/9/090303 Abstract   HTML   PDF (689KB) We study the analytic structure for the eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Dirac oscillator, by analytically continuing its frequency on the complex plane. A twofold Riemann surface is found, connecting the two states of a pair of particle and antiparticle. One can, at least in principle, accomplish the transition from a positive energy state to its antiparticle state by moving the frequency continuously on the complex plane, without changing the Hamiltonian after transition. This result provides a visual explanation for the absence of a negative energy state with the quantum number $n=0$.
 Select Rescaled Range Permutation Entropy: A Method for Quantifying the Dynamical Complexity of Extreme Volatility in Chaotic Time Series Jia-Chen Zhang , Wei-Kai Ren , and Ning-De Jin Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (9): 090501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/9/090501 Abstract   HTML   PDF (838KB) Information entropy, as a quantitative measure of complexity in nonlinear systems, has been widely researched in a variety of contexts. With the development of a nonlinear dynamic, the entropy is faced with severe challenges in dealing with those signals exhibiting extreme volatility. In order to address this problem of weighted permutation entropy, which may result in the inaccurate estimation of extreme volatility, we propose a rescaled range permutation entropy, which selects the ratio of range and standard deviation as the weight of different fragments in the time series, thereby effectively extracting the maximum volatility. By analyzing typical nonlinear systems, we investigate the sensitivities of four methods in chaotic time series where extreme volatility occurs. Compared with sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, and weighted permutation entropy, this rescaled range permutation entropy leads to a significant discernibility, which provides a new method for distinguishing the complexity of nonlinear systems with extreme volatility.
 Select Search for 2D Ferromagnets: Molecular Beam Epitaxy is a Critical Tool Matthias Batzill Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080101 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080101 Abstract   HTML   PDF (277KB)
 Select Meter-Level Optical Delay Line on a Low-Loss Lithium Niobate Nanophotonics Chip Shining Zhu Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080102 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080102 Abstract   HTML   PDF (284KB)
 Select Strong Anisotropy of 3D Diffusion in Living Cells Xiaosong Chen Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080103 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080103 Abstract   HTML   PDF (269KB)
 Select Direct Strong Measurement of a High-Dimensional Quantum State Chen-Rui Zhang, Meng-Jun Hu, Guo-Yong Xiang, Yong-Sheng Zhang, Chuan-Feng Li, and Guang-Can Guo Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080301 Abstract   HTML   PDF (3985KB) It is of great importance to determine an unknown quantum state for fundamental studies of quantum mechanics, yet it is still difficult to characterize systems of large dimensions in practice. Although the scan-free direct measurement approach based on a weak measurement scheme was proposed to measure a high-dimensional photonic state, how weak the interaction should be to give a correct estimation remains unclear. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a technique that measures a high-dimensional quantum state with the combination of scan-free measurement and direct strong measurement. The procedure involves sequential strong measurement, in which case no approximation is made similarly to the conventional direct weak measurement. We use this method to measure a transverse state of a photon with effective dimensionality of $65000$ without the time-consumed scanning process. Furthermore, the high fidelity of the result and the simplicity of the experimental apparatus show that our approach can be readily used to measure the complex field of a beam in diverse applications such as wavefront sensing and quantitative phase imaging.
 Select Machine Learning for Many-Body Localization Transition Wen-Jia Rao Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080501 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080501 Abstract   HTML   PDF (770KB) We employ the methods of machine learning to study the many-body localization (MBL) transition in a 1D random spin system. By using the raw energy spectrum without pre-processing as training data, it is shown that the MBL transition point is correctly predicted by the machine. The structure of the neural network reveals the nature of this dynamical phase transition that involves all energy levels, while the bandwidth of the spectrum and nearest level spacing are the two dominant patterns and the latter stands out to classify phases. We further use a comparative unsupervised learning method, i.e., principal component analysis, to confirm these results.
 Select Negative Thermal Transport in Conduction and Advection Liujun Xu and Jiping Huang Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080502 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080502 Abstract   HTML   PDF (1064KB) Negative refractive index has drawn a great deal of attention due to its unique properties and practical applications in wave systems. To promote the related physics in thermotics, here we manage to coin a complex thermal conductivity whose imaginary part corresponds to the real part of complex refractive index. Therefore, the thermal counterpart of negative refractive index is just negative imaginary thermal conductivity, which is featured by the opposite directions of energy flow and wave vector in thermal conduction and advection, thus called negative thermal transport herein. To avoid violating causality, we design an open system with energy exchange and explore three different cases to reveal negative thermal transport. We further provide experimental suggestions with a solid ring structure. All finite-element simulations agree with theoretical analyses, indicating that negative thermal transport is physically feasible. These results have potential applications such as designing the inverse Doppler effect in thermal conduction and advection.
 Select Pressure Generation above 35 GPa in a Walker-Type Large-Volume Press Yu-Chen Shang, Fang-Ren Shen, Xu-Yuan Hou, Lu-Yao Chen, Kuo Hu, Xin Li, Ran Liu, Qiang Tao, Pin-Wen Zhu, Zhao-Dong Liu, Ming-Guang Yao, Qiang Zhou, Tian Cui, and Bing-Bing Liu Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080701 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080701 Abstract   HTML   PDF (3565KB) Pressure generation to a higher pressure range in a large-volume press (LVP) denotes our ability to explore more functional materials and deeper Earth's interior. Pressure generated by normal tungsten carbide (WC) anvils in a commercial way is mostly limited to 25 GPa in LVPs due to the limitation of their hardness and design of cell assemblies. We adopt three newly developed WC anvils for ultrahigh pressure generation in a Walker-type LVP with a maximum press load of 1000 ton. The hardest ZK01F WC anvils exhibit the highest efficiency of pressure generation than ZK10F and ZK20F WC anvils, which is related to their performances of plastic deformations. Pressure up to 35 GPa at room temperature is achieved at a relatively low press load of 4.5 MN by adopting the hardest ZK01F WC anvils with three tapering surfaces in conjunction with an optimized cell assembly, while pressure above 35 GPa at 1700 K is achieved at a higher press load of 7.5 MN. Temperature above 2000 K can be generated by our cell assemblies at pressure below 30 GPa. We adopt such high-pressure and high-temperature techniques to fabricate several high-quality and well-sintered polycrystalline minerals for practical use. The present development of high-pressure techniques expands the pressure and temperature ranges in Walker-type LVPs and has wide applications in physics, materials, chemistry, and Earth science.
 Select Characterization of Scanning SQUID Probes Based on 3D Nano-Bridge Junctions in Magnetic Field Yin-Ping Pan, Yue Wang, Ruo-Ting Yang, Yan Tang, Xiao-Yu Liu, Hua Jin, Lin-Xian Ma, Yi-Shi Lin, Zhen Wang, Jie Ren, Yi-Hua Wang, and Lei Chen Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (8): 080702 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/8/080702 Abstract   HTML   PDF (803KB) We develop superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) probes based on 3D nano-bridge junctions for the scanning SQUID microscopy. The use of these nano-bridge junctions enables imaging in the presence of a high magnetic field. Conventionally, a superconducting ground layer has been employed for better magnetic shielding. In our study, we prepare a number of scanning SQUID probes with and without a ground layer to evaluate their performance in external magnetic fields. The devices show the improved magnetic modulation up to 1.4 T. It is found that the ground layer reduces the inductance, and increases the modulation depth and symmetricity of the gradiometer design in the absence of the field. However, the layer is not compatible with the use of the scanning SQUID probe in the field because it decreases its working field range. Moreover, by adding the layer, the mutual inductance between the feedback coil and the SQUID also decreases linearly as a function of the field.
 Select Enhancing Phase Sensitivity in Mach–Zehnder Interferometers for Arbitrary Input States Hongbin Liang, Jiancheng Pei, and Xiaoguang Wang Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (7): 070301 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/7/070301 Abstract   HTML   PDF (545KB) To enhance the phase sensitivity of Mach–Zehnder interferometers, we use a tunable phase shift before the light beams are injected into the interferometer. The analytical result of the optimal phase shift is obtained, which only depends on the initial input states. For a non-zero optimal phase shift, the phase sensitivity of the interferometers in the output ports is always enhanced. We can achieve this enhancement for most states, including entangled and mixed states. The optimal phase shift is exhibited in three examples. Compared to previous methods, this scheme provides a general way to improve phase sensitivity and could find wide applications in optical phase estimations.
 Select A Two-Dimensional Architecture for Fast Large-Scale Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing Y.-K. Wu  and L.-M. Duan Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (7): 070302 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/7/070302 Abstract   HTML   PDF (1064KB) Building blocks of quantum computers have been demonstrated in small to intermediate-scale systems. As one of the leading platforms, the trapped ion system has attracted wide attention. A significant challenge in this system is to combine fast high-fidelity gates with scalability and convenience in ion trap fabrication. Here we propose an architecture for large-scale quantum computing with a two-dimensional array of atomic ions trapped at such large distance which is convenient for ion-trap fabrication but usually believed to be unsuitable for quantum computing as the conventional gates would be too slow. Using gate operations far outside of the Lamb–Dicke region, we show that fast and robust entangling gates can be realized in any large ion arrays. The gate operations are intrinsically parallel and robust to thermal noise, which, together with their high speed and scalability of the proposed architecture, makes this approach an attractive one for large-scale quantum computing.
 Select A New Approach for Residual Stress Analysis of GH3535 Alloy by Using Two-Dimensional Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction Sheng Jiang, Ji-Chao Zhang, Shuai Yan, and Xiao-Li Li Chin. Phys. Lett.    2020, 37 (7): 070701 .   DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/37/7/070701 Abstract   HTML   PDF (872KB) We propose a new method to evaluate residual stress based on the analysis of a portion of a Debye ring with two-dimensional synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The residual stress of a nickel-based alloy GH3535 evaluated by the proposed method is determined to be $-1149\pm34$ MPa based on the quantitative analysis of the deformation of the (200) reflection, and the residual stress obtained by analyzing THE (111) plane is $-933\pm 68$ MPa. The results demonstrate that the GH3535 alloy surface is highly compressive, as expected for a polishing surface treatment. The proposed method provides insight into the field of residual stress measurement and quantitative understanding of the residual stress states in GH3535.
 Select


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## Propagation de la régularité microlocale pour des problèmes de Dirichlet non linéaires d’ordre deux. (Propagation of microlocal regularity for nonlinear Dirichlet problems of the second order).(French)Zbl 0726.35026

Journ. Équ. Dériv. Partielles, St.-Jean-De-Monts 1989, Exp. No. 20, 8 p. (1989).
Let $$\Omega$$ be an open subset of $${\mathbb{R}}^ n$$ with $$C^{\infty}$$- boundary function $$\phi\geq 0$$ and let $$u\in H^ s_{loc}(\Omega)$$ (satisfying $$u|_{\partial \Omega}\in C^{\infty}$$ and $$s>5+n/2)$$ be a real solution of the equation $$F(y,u,\nabla u,\nabla^ 2u)=0$$ where F is a real $$C^{\infty}$$-function. Furthermore, let $L(y,D_ y)=\sum_{| \alpha | \leq 2}(\partial_{z_{\alpha}}F)(y,\partial^{\beta}u(y))\partial^{\alpha }$ and assume that $$\partial \Omega$$ is noncharacteristic for L. Let $$\Gamma$$ denote a generalized bicharacteristic of its principal symbol $$L_ 0$$. Under suitable conditions, as main result of the paper, there is stated that all u, being microlocally of class $$H^{s'}$$ $$(s'<2s-n/2- 4-1/2)$$ at some point of $$\Gamma$$, are microlocally of class $$H^{s'- \delta}$$ $$(\delta >0$$ arbitrary) for all points of $$\Gamma$$. This is proved by utilizing results of J.-M. Bony, L. Hörmander, E. Leichtnam, and M. Sablé-Tougeron.

### MSC:

 35B65 Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs 35G20 Nonlinear higher-order PDEs 35S99 Pseudodifferential operators and other generalizations of partial differential operators 35A27 Microlocal methods and methods of sheaf theory and homological algebra applied to PDEs

### Keywords:

bicharacteristic; principal symbol
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# heavy ionRecently Published Documents

## TOTAL DOCUMENTS

18555
(FIVE YEARS 2477)

## H-INDEX

179
(FIVE YEARS 25)

2022 ◽
pp. 1-14
Author(s):
Daiki Satoh ◽
Tatsuhiko Sato
Keyword(s):

Author(s):
Keyword(s):

Abstract Track-etched nanoporous membranes prepared by swift heavy ion irradiation are promising for separation processes such as water purification. However, one drawback is that multiple pores are undesirably formed by pore overlapping to reduce separation performance. The techniques for predicting the size and amount of multiple pores in detail are still underdeveloped, which hinders the precise membrane design. In this study, a computer simulation program was developed to predict the size distribution of the track-etched pores. The program generates a number of single pores on the virtual grid plane to simulate random ion bombardment, finds multiple pores containing several single pores, and determines the multiple pore size by counting the inside grid points. All the multiple pores are categorized into different size classes, and the areal percentage occupied by the pores belonging to each size class is estimated. The simulation algorithm and the results of a model case simulation were described.

2022 ◽
Vol 105 (1) ◽
Author(s):
Charles Gale ◽
Jean-François Paquet ◽
Björn Schenke ◽
Chun Shen
Keyword(s):

2022 ◽
Vol 105 (1) ◽
Author(s):
Susanne Gläßel ◽
Viktar Kireyeu ◽
Jörg Aichelin ◽
Christoph Blume ◽
...
Keyword(s):

2022 ◽
Author(s):
Luciano M. Abreu
Keyword(s):

2022 ◽
Vol 8 ◽
Author(s):
Keyword(s):

Impulsive solar energetic particle (ISEP) events show peculiar elemental composition, with enhanced 3He and heavy-ion abundances, markedly different from our Solar System composition. Furthermore, the events are characterized by a wide variety of energy spectral shapes from power laws to rounded spectra toward the low energies. Solar sources of the events have been firmly associated with coronal jets. Surprisingly, new observations have shown that events are often accompanied by so-called extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) coronal waves–a large-scale phenomenon compared to jets. This paper outlines the current understanding of the linkage of EUV waves with jets and energetic ions in ISEP events.

Life ◽
2022 ◽
Vol 12 (1) ◽
pp. 84
Author(s):
Pattarakan Suwanbut ◽
Thiansin Liamsuwan ◽
Danupon Nantajit ◽
Wilai Masa-nga ◽
Chirapha Tannanonta
Keyword(s):

Decision for radiotherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy may occur, as patients may not realize their pregnancy at the very early stage. Since radiation dose can affect fetal development, the aim of this study was to evaluate fetal dose and associated deterministic effects and risks to the fetus from breast cancer radiotherapy of an 8-week pregnant patient. PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) Monte Carlo simulation and the J-45 computational pregnancy phantom were used to simulate breast cancer radiotherapy from a 6 MV TrueBeam linear accelerator using the three dimensional-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) technique with a prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) of 50 Gy. Once the fetal dose was evaluated, the occurrence of the deterministic effects and risks for developing stochastic effects in the fetus were assessed using the recommendations of NCRP Report No. 174, AAPM Report No. 50, and ICRP Publication 84. The fetal dose was evaluated to be 3.37 ± 2.66 mGy, suggesting that the fetus was expected to have no additional deterministic effects, while the risks for developing cancer and malfunctions were similar to that expected from exposure to background radiation. The comparison with the other studies showed that accurate consideration of fetal position and size was important for dose determination in the fetus, especially at the early pregnancy stage when the fetus is very small.

Author(s):
Glauber Sampaio dos Santos ◽
Gustavo Gil Da Silveira ◽
Keyword(s):

Abstract An analysis of prompt photon production in high energy nuclear collisions at the LHC is performed within the parton saturation picture taking into account the updated phenomenological color dipole models. Comparison between $\langle N_{coll}\rangle$ scaling for hard scattering in heavy-ion collisions and the $N_{part}$-scaling based on geometric scaling arguments has been done. The predictions are parameter free in the first case whereas a dependence on the constant of proportionality $\kappa$ between the number of participants and the nuclear saturation scale appears in the second case. This parameter has been analyzed in the prompt photon spectrum at small transverse momentum even though no fitting procedure was performed. Results are confronted with the measurements made by the ALICE, ATLAS, and CMS experiments in terms of photon transverse momentum at different rapidity bins. We show that the prompt photon production exhibits distinct scalings in $AA$ events associated to geometrical properties of the collision and can be properly addressed in the color dipole formalism. Based on the $N_{part}$-scaling, an analytical parametrization for the invariant cross section is provided and employed to predict the $x_T$-scaling in measurements. For $\kappa$ of order of unit the theoretical scaling curve correctly describes data in the range $x_T\leq 5\times 10^{-2}$.

J ◽
2022 ◽
Vol 5 (1) ◽
pp. 1-14
Author(s):
Yuri Sinyukov ◽
Volodymyr Shapoval
Keyword(s):

The results on description of direct photon yields, transverse momentum spectra, and flow harmonics, measured in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for different collision centrality classes, analyzed within the Integrated Hydrokinetic Model (iHKM) are reviewed. The iHKM simulation results, corresponding to the two opposite approaches to the matter evolution treatment at the final stage of the system’s expansion within the model, namely, the chemically equilibrated and the chemically frozen evolution, are compared. The so-called “direct photon puzzle” is addressed, and its possible solution, suggesting the account for additional photon emission at confinement, is considered.

2022 ◽
Vol 105 (1) ◽
Author(s):
Jiangyong Jia ◽
Shengli Huang ◽
Chunjian Zhang
Keyword(s):


text:
Error "mdb_env_open: No such file or directory" on trying to execute NCBI psiblast
1
1
Entering edit mode
11 days ago
Koji • 0

I am trying to run psiblast with database files downloaded from NCBI site.

I downloaded the latest version of nr.00., nr.01.,... from NCBI site, extract files from all tar.gz files, and put them all in the directory named '/home/kdoi2/raid/nr'.

When I run the test run from the command line as follows, I got the results successfully without error.

$cd /home/kdoi2/raid/nr$ ~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db nr -query test.fasta

I want psiblast to be able to run in any directory. However, when I try to run it in another directory,

$cd /home/kdoi2/work$ ~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db nr -query test.fasta

The process was terminated with following error.

Error: mdb_env_open: No such file or directory

I tried adding the following environment variable settings, but the situation did not improve.

$BLASTDB=/home/kdoi2/raid/nr ~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db nr -query test.fasta  The contents of nr.pal are as follows. # # Alias file created 06/01/2022 05:20:27 # TITLE All non-redundant GenBank CDS translations+PDB+SwissProt+PIR+PRF excluding environmental samples from WGS projects DBLIST nr.00 nr.01 nr.02 nr.03 nr.04 nr.05 nr.06 nr.07 nr.08 nr.09 nr.10 nr.11 nr.12 nr.13 nr.14 nr.15 nr.16 nr.17 nr.18 nr.19 nr.20 nr.21 nr.22 nr.23 nr.24 nr.25 nr.26 nr.27 nr.28 nr.29 nr.30 nr.31 nr.32 nr.33 nr.34 nr.35 nr.36 nr.37 nr.38 nr.39 nr.40 nr.41 nr.42 nr.43 nr.44 nr.45 nr.46 nr.47 nr.48 nr.49 nr.50 nr.51 nr.52 nr.53 nr.54 nr.55 nr.56 nr.57 nr.58 nr.59 NSEQ 484513096 LENGTH 187235721710  From the manual, it does not appear that there is a problem with the nr.pal file. Also, it is clear from the result shown first that there is no problem with the database file either. So what is the problem? psiblast • 404 views ADD COMMENT 0 Entering edit mode Did you set the BLASTDB variable on an independent command line? It looks like you are mixing it with an actual command line. Can you simply try ~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db /home/kdoi2/raid/nr/nr -query test.fasta  and tell us if it works? ADD REPLY 0 Entering edit mode Can you simply try ... and tell us if it works? Unfortunately, the situation has not changed. $ printenv BLASTDB
/home/kdoi2/raid/nr
$ls${BLASTDB}/nr.pal
/home/kdoi2/raid/nr/nr.pal
$~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db nr -query test.fasta Error: mdb_env_open: No such file or directory$ ~/raid/ncbi-blast-2.11.0+/bin/psiblast -db /home/kdoi2/raid/nr/nr -query test.fasta
Error: mdb_env_open: No such file or directory

0
Entering edit mode
11 days ago
GenoMax 117k

Can you run the following?

blastdbcheck -db /home/kdoi2/raid/nr/nr

It should produce something like following

Testing 60 volume(s).
Result=SUCCESS. No errors reported for 60 volume(s).
Testing 1 alias(es).
Result=SUCCESS. No errors reported for 1 alias(es).

This will help verify that your database files are intact.

0
Entering edit mode

@GenoMax san, thank you for suggestion.

I tried blastdbcheck. It returned the following error.

[ERROR] caught exception in initializing blastdb Result=FAILURE. 1 errors reported in 1 alias(es).

So I checked MD5 against nr.*.tar.gz, and found a mismatch in one of the 60 archive files. I downloaded it again and tried psiblast again, and it succeeded.

Finally, the problem is solved, though I'm still not convinced why the first test worked. It is why I did not check database files first. Did something go wrong and improperly overwrite the archive file in the process...

Regardless, thanks for the useful advice.

0
Entering edit mode

Only thing I can think of is perhaps in the first round the file that potentially had the problem was not used. But glad to hear that the problem has been solved.


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# A derivation in Stoner's "The Demagnetizing Factors for Ellipsoids"

Gold Member

## Main Question or Discussion Point

In the attachment in eq. (1.6) I don't understand why is ##H-B = B/(1-D)##?

Where does this relation come from?

#### Attachments

• 82.4 KB Views: 146

Related Atomic and Condensed Matter News on Phys.org
Homework Helper
Gold Member
##H=-D(B-H) ##. They got that part right. Let's do some algebra: ##H(1-D)=-DB ##, so that ##H=\frac{-DB}{1-D} ##. Their last equation of 1.6 needs a minus sign. ## \\ ## Note: Equation 1.6 assumes the applied magnetic field ## H_a## is zero. ## \\ ## And I also checked equation 1.7, and it is correct.

Last edited:
Delta2 and MathematicalPhysicist
Gold Member
To tell you the truth I wasn't sure it's implied from the same relation in (1.6).
I thought to myself that it was some relation from previous work or somewhere else in the article.

Now that I see that's a simple matter of algebra I feel so stupid... D-:

Homework Helper
Gold Member
The author did have a "typo" in equation 1.6 (missing the minus sign). I'm glad you posted it. IMO more people should be studying E&M concepts such as the demagnetizing factor. We could use more E&M postings.

Delta2 and dRic2
Gold Member
I kept on reading the paper.
On page 11 in the following attachment in eq. (4.11a) for ##D_a## after the first equality should it be ##3/4\mu^4 \ln (2m)## or as it is written there?
I am asking since after the second equality they write it as ##3/4 \mu^4 \ln (2m)##.

Homework Helper
Gold Member
It looks to me like it should be 3/2, but I would have to see the previous page. Clearly they have an inconsistency there.

Gold Member
It isn't discussed in the previous page.

You can find the article in sci-hub. (I know it's not really legal, but also making ordinary people who are interested in science pay lots of money for papers in science is a rip off).

Gold Member
It looks to me like it should be 3/2, but I would have to see the previous page. Clearly they have an inconsistency there.

I plan to return to Ashcroft and Mermin and Kittel's books once more for my Condensed Matter Physics I, hopefully now I will ace it in this summer!


text:
# How do you solve 2^ { x } \cdot 3^ { 2x - 1} = 5^ { x + 1}?

Jul 5, 2017

$x = = 2.1141$

#### Explanation:

Taking logarithm (base10) on both sides of ${2}^{x} \cdot {3}^{2 x - 1} = {5}^{x + 1}$, we get

$x \log 2 + \left(2 x - 1\right) \log 3 = \left(x + 1\right) \log 5$

or $x \left(\log 2 + 2 \log 3 - \log 5\right) = \log 5 + \log 3$

or $x \log \left(\frac{2 \cdot {3}^{2}}{5}\right) = \log 15$

or $x \log 3.6 = \log 15$

or $x = \log \frac{15}{\log} 3.6 = \frac{1.1761}{0.5563} = 2.1141$