This is NADP-dependent malic enzyme 4, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 646 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

The chloroplastic ME isoform decarboxylates malate shuttled from neighboring mesophyll cells, The CO(2) released is then refixed by ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, This pathway eliminates the photorespiratory loss of CO(2) that occurs in most plants (By similarity)


This is Peroxisome biogenesis protein 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 333 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

RING-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase component of a retrotranslocation channel required for peroxisome organization by mediating export of the PEX5 receptor from peroxisomes to the cytosol, thereby promoting PEX5 recycling (PubMed:17478547, PubMed:20679226, PubMed:23336935, PubMed:25214533), The retrotranslocation channel is composed of PEX2, PEX10 and PEX12; each subunit contributing transmembrane segments that coassemble into an open channel that specifically allows the passage of PEX5 through the peroxisomal membrane (By similarity), PEX2 also regulates peroxisome organization by acting as a E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PubMed:17478547, PubMed:20679226, PubMed:23336935), PEX2 ubiquitinates PEX5 during its passage through the retrotranslocation channel: catalyzes monoubiquitination of PEX5 at 'Cys-6', a modification that acts as a signal for PEX5 extraction into the cytosol (By similarity)


This is Glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase A HPR2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 313 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate (HP) into glycolate and glycerate in the cytoplasm, thus providing a cytosolic bypass to the photorespiratory core cycle, Mostly active in the presence of NADPH and hydroxypyruvate

Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family, GyaR subfamily


This is Nudix hydrolase 26, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 216 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Mediates the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives, Can use diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1)P(5) pentaphosphate (Ap(5)A), diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1)P(4) tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) and diadenosine 5',5'''-P(1)P(3) triphosphate (Ap(3)A) as substrates


This is ABC transporter I family member 6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 338 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Essential protein, Required during embryo development, especially at early stages, Involved in chloroplast differentiation

Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily, ABCI family


This is Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 9, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 691 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation, Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate

Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family


This is Replication factor C subunit 5 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 369 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Functions in cell replication and proliferation, May be involved in chromatin assembly and remodeling, Plays a role in the negative control of pathogenesis-related gene expression and systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family


This is Organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 539 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

High affinity carnitine transporter involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine, Also transports organic cations, Regulates lateral root development

Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2,A,1) superfamily, Organic cation transporter (TC 2,A,1,19) family


This is Nephrocan protein, from Mouse, contains 512 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family


This is Cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 8 protein, from Mouse, contains 192 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Required for cytochrome c complex (COX) IV assembly and function Protects COX assembly from oxidation-induced degradation, COX being the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain


This is Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex assembly factor 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 136 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Required for the assembly of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), Plays a role in the modulation of respiratory chain activities such as oxygen consumption and ATP production and via its modulation of the respiratory chain activity can regulate skeletal muscle differentiation and insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells, Involved in cytochrome b translation and/or stability


This is Kidney mitochondrial carrier protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 291 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Antiporter that transports inorganic anions (sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and phosphate) and, to a lesser extent, a variety of dicarboxylates (e,g, malonate, malate and citramalate) and, even more so, aspartate, The sulfate/sulfate exchange is much higher than the phosphate/phosphate and malate/malate exchanges, The transport affinities is higher for sulfate and thiosulfate than for any other substrate, May catalyze the export of sulfite and thiosulfate (the hydrogen sulfide degradation products) from the mitochondria, thereby modulating the level of the hydrogen sulfide, Also may mediate a very low unidirectional transport of sulfate

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is KH domain-containing protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 440 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

As part of the OOEP-KHDC3 scaffold, recruits BLM and TRIM25 to DNA replication forks, thereby promoting the ubiquitination of BLM by TRIM25, enhancing BLM retainment at replication forks and therefore promoting stalled replication fork restart (PubMed:29125140, PubMed:33115731), Regulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair via recruitment of RAD51 to sites of DNA double-strand breaks, and sustainment of PARP1 activity, which in turn modulates downstream ATM or ATR activation (PubMed:25936915, PubMed:33115731), Activation of ATM or ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks may be cell-type specific (PubMed:25936915, PubMed:33115731), Its role in DNA double-strand break repair is independent of its role in restarting stalled replication forks (PubMed:29125140), As a member of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), plays an essential role for zygotes to progress beyond the first embryonic cell divisions via regulation of actin dynamics (PubMed:18804437, PubMed:29125140, PubMed:28992324, PubMed:31575650), Required for maintenance of euploidy during cleavage-stage embryogenesis (PubMed:19376971), Required for the formation of F-actin cytoplasmic lattices in oocytes which in turn are responsible for symmetric division of zygotes via the regulation of mitotic spindle formation and positioning (PubMed:25208553, PubMed:31575650), Ensures proper spindle assembly by regulating the localization of AURKA via RHOA signaling and of PLK1 via a RHOA-independent process (PubMed:19376971), Required for the localization of MAD2L1 to kinetochores to enable spindle assembly checkpoint function (PubMed:19376971), Promotes neural stem cell neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus (PubMed:33115731), May regulate normal development of learning, memory and anxiety (PubMed:33115731), Capable of binding RNA (PubMed:22276159)


This is PRKR-interacting protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 186 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (By similarity), Binds double-stranded RNA, Inhibits EIF2AK2 kinase activity


This is DBH-like monooxygenase protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 613 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Belongs to the copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase family


This is Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor protein, from Mouse, contains 179 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Selectively promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mid-brain, Modulates GABAergic transmission to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, Enhances spontaneous, as well as evoked, GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dopaminergic neurons, Inhibits cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death, Retained in the ER/sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through association with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein HSPA5 under normal conditions, Up-regulated and secreted by the ER/SR in response to ER stress and hypoxia, Following secretion by the ER/SR, directly binds to 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, a lipid sulfatide in the outer cell membrane of target cells, Sulfatide binding promotes its cellular uptake by endocytosis, and is required for its role in alleviating ER stress and cell toxicity under hypoxic and ER stress conditions


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL5 protein, from Mouse, contains 178 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:36517592), The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules (PubMed:36517592), The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain (PubMed:36517592), The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:36517592), As part of the 5S RNP/5S ribonucleoprotein particle it is an essential component of the LSU, required for its formation and the maturation of rRNAs (PubMed:36517592), It also couples ribosome biogenesis to p53/TP53 activation (PubMed:21804542), As part of the 5S RNP it accumulates in the nucleoplasm and inhibits MDM2, when ribosome biogenesis is perturbed, mediating the stabilization and the activation of TP53 (PubMed:21804542), Promotes nucleolar location of PML (PubMed:15195100)

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family


This is Chromatin target of PRMT1 protein protein, from Mouse, contains 249 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Plays an important role in the ligand-dependent activation of estrogen receptor target genes (By similarity), May play a role in the silencing of fetal globin genes (PubMed:20688955), Recruits the 5FMC complex to ZNF148, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes (PubMed:22872859), Required for the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells, Binds to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and associates with the methylosome complex containing PRMT1, PRMT5, MEP50 and ERH, The CHTOP-methylosome complex associated with 5hmC methylates H4R3 and transactivates genes involved in glioblastomagenesis (PubMed:25284789)


This is Transmembrane protein 135 protein, from Mouse, contains 458 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Involved in mitochondrial metabolism by regulating the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission (PubMed:27863209), May act as a regulator of mitochondrial fission that promotes DNM1L-dependent fission through activation of DNM1L (PubMed:27863209), May be involved in peroxisome organization (By similarity)


This is ATP-dependent (S)-NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase protein, from Mouse, contains 343 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP, Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration


This is 5-methylcytosine rRNA methyltransferase NSUN4 protein, from Mouse, contains 381 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in mitochondrial ribosome assembly, 5-methylcytosine rRNA methyltransferase that probably is involved in mitochondrial ribosome small subunit (SSU) maturation by methylation of mitochondrial 12S rRNA at position 911; the function is independent of MTERFD2/MTERF4 and assembled mitochondrial ribosome large subunit (LSU), Targeted to LSU by MTERFD2/MTERF4 and probably is involved in a final step in ribosome biogenesis to ensure that SSU and LSU are assembled, In vitro can methylate 16S rRNA of the LSU; the methylation is enhanced by MTERFD/MTERF4

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, RsmB/NOP family


This is F-box/LRR-repeat protein 20 protein, from Mouse, contains 436 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, Isoform 3 regulates neural transmission by binding and ubiquitinating RIMS1, a modulator of presynaptic plasticity


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF115 protein, from Mouse, contains 305 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates E2-dependent, 'Lys-48'- and/or 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of substrates and may play a role in diverse biological processes, Through their polyubiquitination, may play a role in the endosomal trafficking and degradation of membrane receptors including EGFR, FLT3, MET and CXCR4


This is Dynein light chain 2, cytoplasmic protein, from Mouse, contains 89 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function, Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules, May play a role in changing or maintaining the spatial distribution of cytoskeletal structures (By similarity)

Belongs to the dynein light chain family


This is Proline/serine-rich coiled-coil protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 329 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for normal progression through mitosis, Required for normal congress of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, and for normal rate of chromosomal segregation during anaphase, Plays a role in the regulation of mitotic spindle dynamics, Increases the rate of turnover of microtubules on metaphase spindles, and contributes to the generation of normal tension across sister kinetochores, Recruits KIF2A and ANKRD53 to the mitotic spindle and spindle poles, May participate in p53/TP53-regulated growth suppression (By similarity)


This is Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 106 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol, Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Marburg virus (MARV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV) and West Nile virus (WNV), Can inhibit: influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry, MARV and EBOV GP1,2-mediated viral entry and SARS-CoV S protein-mediated viral entry, Also implicated in cell adhesion and control of cell growth and migration, Plays a key role in the antiproliferative action of IFN-gamma either by inhibiting the ERK activation or by arresting cell growth in G1 phase in a p53-dependent manner, Acts as a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation


This is Tubulin-folding cofactor B protein, from Mouse, contains 244 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Binds to alpha-tubulin folding intermediates after their interaction with cytosolic chaperonin in the pathway leading from newly synthesized tubulin to properly folded heterodimer (By similarity), Involved in regulation of tubulin heterodimer dissociation (PubMed:17184771), May function as a negative regulator of axonal growth (PubMed:17217416)


This is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 228 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates the transport of lipoprotein lipase LPL from the basolateral to the apical surface of endothelial cells in capillaries (PubMed:20620994), Anchors LPL on the surface of endothelial cells in the lumen of blood capillaries (PubMed:20620994, PubMed:24726386, PubMed:27811232), Thereby, plays an important role in lipolytic processing of chylomicrons by LPL, triglyceride metabolism and lipid homeostasis (PubMed:17403372), Binds chylomicrons and phospholipid particles that contain APOA5 (PubMed:18340083), Binds high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and plays a role in the uptake of lipids from HDL (PubMed:12496272)


This is Protein myomaker protein, from Mouse, contains 221 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Myoblast-specific protein that mediates myoblast fusion, an essential step for the formation of multi-nucleated muscle fibers (PubMed:23868259, PubMed:28386024, PubMed:28681861, PubMed:30197239), Actively participates in the membrane fusion reaction by mediating the mixing of cell membrane lipids (hemifusion) upstream of MYMX (PubMed:30197239), Acts independently of MYMX (PubMed:30197239), Involved in skeletal muscle regeneration in response to injury by mediating the fusion of satellite cells, a population of muscle stem cells, with injured myofibers (PubMed:25085416), Also involved in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, probably by mediating the fusion of satellite cells with myofibers (PubMed:28186492)


This is Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44 protein, from Mouse, contains 406 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Mediates thiol-dependent retention in the early secretory pathway, forming mixed disulfides with substrate proteins through its conserved CRFS motif, Inhibits the calcium channel activity of ITPR1, May have a role in the control of oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, Required to retain ERO1A and ERO1B in the endoplasmic reticulum


This is Spermatogenesis- and oogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix-containing protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 467 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription regulator of both male and female germline differentiation, Suppresses genes involved in spermatogonial stem cells maintenance, and induces genes important for spermatogonial differentiation (PubMed:22056784), Coordinates oocyte differentiation without affecting meiosis I (PubMed:28504655)


This is Telomere repeats-binding bouquet formation protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 218 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Meiosis-specific telomere-associated protein involved in meiotic telomere attachment to the nucleus inner membrane, a crucial step for homologous pairing and synapsis, Component of the MAJIN-TERB1-TERB2 complex, which promotes telomere cap exchange by mediating attachment of telomeric DNA to the inner nuclear membrane and replacement of the protective cap of telomeric chromosomes: in early meiosis, the MAJIN-TERB1-TERB2 complex associates with telomeric DNA and the shelterin/telosome complex, During prophase, the complex matures and promotes release of the shelterin/telosome complex from telomeric DNA


This is Sedoheptulokinase protein, from Mouse, contains 476 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as a modulator of macrophage activation through control of glucose metabolism


This is Kelch-like protein 10 protein, from Mouse, contains 608 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May be a substrate-specific adapter of a CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins during spermatogenesis, Required for male fertility


This is V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation protein, from Mouse, contains 308 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Immunoregulatory receptor which inhibits the T-cell response (PubMed:21383057, PubMed:24743150, PubMed:25267631), May promote differentiation of embryonic stem cells, by inhibiting BMP4 signaling (PubMed:20042595), May stimulate MMP14-mediated MMP2 activation (By similarity)


This is SUN domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 913 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Isoform 5 may be involved in nuclear remodeling during sperm head formation in spermatogenesis, A probable SUN1 isoform 5:SYNE3 LINC complex may tether spermatid nuclei to anterior cytoskeletal structures such as actin filaments present at membraneous junctions of spermatids and Sertoli cells


This is Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 273 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Negatively regulates TNF-alpha-induced pro-inflammatory response in endothelial cells (ECs) via inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in ECs (By similarity), Positively regulates lipid accumulation in adipose cells (PubMed:25605713)


This is Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 7, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 221 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

May function as protein hydroxylase; can catalyze auto-hydroxylation at Leu-110 (in vitro), but this activity may be due to the absence of the true substrate, Required to induce programmed necrosis in response to DNA damage caused by cytotoxic alkylating agents, Acts by triggering the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and loss of mitochondrial function that leads to energy depletion and cell death, ALKBH7-mediated necrosis is probably required to prevent the accumulation of cells with DNA damage, Does not display DNA demethylase activity (By similarity), Involved in fatty acid metabolism


This is Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 185 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Shows activity both for tyrosine-protein phosphate and serine-protein phosphate, but displays a strong preference toward phosphotyrosines, Specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK1 and ERK2 (By similarity)

Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily


This is Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 913 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

May be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance, May play critical roles in goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, cystic fibrosis and AHR, May be involved in the regulation of mucus production and/or secretion by goblet cells, Involved in the regulation of tissue inflammation in the innate immune response, May play a role as a tumor suppressor, Induces MUC5AC


This is Zinc transporter ZIP5 protein, from Mouse, contains 535 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Uniporter that transports zinc(2+) into polarized cells of enterocytes, pancreatic acinar and endoderm cells across the basolateral membrane and participates, notably, in zinc excretion from the intestine by the uptake of zinc from the blood into the intestine (PubMed:15322118, PubMed:24303081), The transport mechanism is temperature- and concentration-dependent and saturable (PubMed:15322118), In addition, is also a high affinity copper transporter in vitro (By similarity), Also may regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in islets primarily through the zinc-activated SIRT1-PPARGC1A axis (PubMed:30324491), Could regulate the BMP/TGF-beta (bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-beta) signaling pathway and modulates extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the sclera (By similarity), Plays a role in eye development (By similarity)

Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2,A,5) family


This is Splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit protein, from Mouse, contains 239 amino acids, has 2 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a critical role in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent splicing by mediating protein-protein interactions and protein-RNA interactions required for accurate 3'-splice site selection, Recruits U2 snRNP to the branch point, Directly mediates interactions between U2AF2 and proteins bound to the enhancers and thus may function as a bridge between U2AF2 and the enhancer complex to recruit it to the adjacent intron (By similarity)

Belongs to the splicing factor SR family


This is Membrane-anchored junction protein protein, from Mouse, contains 256 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Meiosis-specific telomere-associated protein involved in meiotic telomere attachment to the nucleus inner membrane, a crucial step for homologous pairing and synapsis, Component of the MAJIN-TERB1-TERB2 complex, which promotes telomere cap exchange by mediating attachment of telomeric DNA to the inner nuclear membrane and replacement of the protective cap of telomeric chromosomes: in early meiosis, the MAJIN-TERB1-TERB2 complex associates with telomeric DNA and the shelterin/telosome complex, During prophase, the complex matures and promotes release of the shelterin/telosome complex from telomeric DNA, In the complex, MAJIN acts as the anchoring subunit to the nucleus inner membrane, MAJIN shows DNA-binding activity, possibly for the stabilization of telomere attachment on the nucleus inner membrane


This is SUN domain-containing protein 5 protein, from Mouse, contains 373 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Plays an essential role in anchoring sperm head to the tail, Is responsible for the attachment of the coupling apparatus to the sperm nuclear envelope


This is Spermatogenesis-associated protein 19, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 154 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Essential for sperm motility and male fertility (PubMed:26265198), Plays an important role in sperm motility by regulating the organization and function of the mitochondria and is also required for correct sperm midpiece assembly (PubMed:26265198)


This is Protein canopy homolog 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 276 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-specific co-chaperone for HSP90B1, Required for proper TLR folding, except that of TLR3, and hence controls TLR exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, Consequently, required for both innate and adaptive immune responses


This is Trimeric intracellular cation channel type B protein, from Mouse, contains 292 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Monovalent cation channel required for maintenance of rapid intracellular calcium release, May act as a potassium counter-ion channel that functions in synchronization with calcium release from intracellular stores


This is Prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase protein, from Mouse, contains 201 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin-ethanolamide H(2) (prostamide H(2)) to prostamide F(2alpha) with NADPH as proton donor, Also able to reduce prostaglandin H(2) to prostaglandin F(2alpha)

Belongs to the peroxiredoxin-like PRXL2 family, Prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase subfamily


This is Peroxisomal leader peptide-processing protease protein, from Mouse, contains 568 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Peroxisomal protease that mediates both the removal of the leader peptide from proteins containing a PTS2 target sequence and processes several PTS1-containing proteins, Catalyzes the processing of PTS1-proteins involved in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids (By similarity)


This is Inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase protein, from Mouse, contains 700 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Inhibitor for carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), Does not bind iron ions


This is Transmembrane protease serine 6 protein, from Mouse, contains 811 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Membrane-bound serine protease (PubMed:18451267), Through the cleavage of cell surface HJV, a regulator of the expression of the iron absorption-regulating hormone hepicidin/HAMP, plays a role in iron homeostasis (PubMed:18451267)


This is Serine/Arginine-related protein 53 protein, from Mouse, contains 334 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing, Involved in both constitutive and alternative pre-mRNA splicing, May have a role in the recognition of the 3' splice site during the second step of splicing (By similarity)


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin protein, from Mouse, contains 612 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; atypical Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

RING-type; atypical

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin specifically from endoplasmic reticulum-associated UBC7 E2 ligase and transfers it to substrates, promoting their degradation (PubMed:12975321, PubMed:15611074), Component of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system also called ER-associated degradation (ERAD) involved in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins (PubMed:12975321, PubMed:15611074), Also promotes the degradation of normal but naturally short-lived proteins such as SGK, Protects cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis, Sequesters p53/TP53 in the cytoplasm and promotes its degradation, thereby negatively regulating its biological function in transcription, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis (PubMed:17170702), Required for embryogenesis (PubMed:15611074), Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of cytoplasmic NFE2L1 (PubMed:21911472), During the early stage of B cell development, required for degradation of the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) complex, hence supporting further differentiation into mature B cells (PubMed:29907570)


This is DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 10 protein, from Mouse, contains 793 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum disulfide reductase involved both in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded proteins, Required for efficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by catalyzing the removal of non-native disulfide bonds formed during the folding of proteins, such as LDLR, Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) by reducing incorrect disulfide bonds in misfolded glycoproteins recognized by EDEM1, Interaction with HSPA5 is required its activity, not for the disulfide reductase activity, but to facilitate the release of DNAJC10 from its substrate, Promotes apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress


This is cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 21 protein, from Mouse, contains 807 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May act as a competitive inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent enzymes such as calcineurin in neurons


This is Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 226 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to exogenous and endogenous compounds

Belongs to the GST superfamily, Kappa family


This is Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 505 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Symporter that cotransports specific neutral amino acids and sodium ions, coupled to an H(+) antiporter activity (PubMed:30017230, PubMed:18689705, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:15899884, PubMed:16249471, PubMed:10716701), Mainly participates in the glutamate-GABA-glutamine cycle in brain where it transports L-glutamine from astrocytes in the intercellular space for the replenishment of both neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons and also functions as the major influx transporter in ganglion cells mediating the uptake of glutamine (PubMed:30017230, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:18689705), The transport activity is specific for L-glutamine, L-histidine and L-asparagine (PubMed:16249471, PubMed:10716701, PubMed:15899884, PubMed:18689705, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:30017230), The transport is electroneutral coupled to the cotransport of 1 Na(+) and the antiport of 1 H(+) (By similarity), The transport is pH dependent, saturable, Li(+) tolerant and functions in both direction depending on the concentration gradients of its substrates and cotransported ions (PubMed:16249471, PubMed:10716701, PubMed:18689705), Also mediates an amino acid-gated H(+) conductance that is not stoichiometrically coupled to the amino acid transport but which influences the ionic gradients that drive the amino acid transport (By similarity), In addition, may play a role in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid homeostasis, glucose metabolism and renal ammoniagenesis (PubMed:26490457)

Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family


This is Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 162 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), Acts also as a ligand for CMKLR2, Can also bind to C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), but with a lower affinity than it does to CMKLR1 or CMKLR2, Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue, Also acts as a pro-inflammatory adipokine, causing an increase in secretion of pro-inflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which further impair adipose tissue metabolic function and have negative systemic effects including impaired insulin sensitivity, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and a decrease in vascular function in other tissues, Can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the modality of enzymatic cleavage by different classes of proteases, Acts as a chemotactic factor for leukocyte populations expressing CMKLR1, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but also immature myeloid DCs, macrophages and natural killer cells, Exerts an anti-inflammatory role by preventing TNF/TNFA-induced VCAM1 expression and monocytes adhesion in vascular endothelial cells, The effect is mediated via inhibiting activation of NF-kappa-B and CRK/p38 through stimulation of AKT1/NOS3 signaling and nitric oxide production, Exhibits an antimicrobial function in the skin


This is Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein B protein, from African clawed frog, contains 166 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Cold-inducible mRNA binding protein, Acts cooperatively with elavl1/elrA to stabilize AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNAs by binding to them and inhibiting their deadenylation, Essential for embryonic gastrulation and neural development, acting to maintain the expression of a set of adhesion molecules, and cell movement during embryogenesis, Required for pronephros development


This is Forkhead box protein D3-A protein, from African clawed frog, contains 371 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional repressor that is an essential upstream regulator of neural crest determination and mesoderm induction, Functions by recruiting the transcriptional corepressor tle4, Also acts in a negative auto-regulator loop by inhibiting the transcription of its own gene


This is Nucleolar RNA helicase 2-A protein, from African clawed frog, contains 759 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

RNA helicase that acts as a sensor of the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase (Pol) I and II: promotes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and transcription from polymerase II (Pol II) (By similarity), Binds various RNAs, such as rRNAs, snoRNAs, 7SK and, at lower extent, mRNAs (By similarity), In the nucleolus, localizes to rDNA locus, where it directly binds rRNAs and snoRNAs, and promotes rRNA transcription, processing and modification (PubMed:12851405) (Probable), Required for rRNA 2'-O-methylation, possibly by promoting the recruitment of late-acting snoRNAs SNORD56 and SNORD58 with pre-ribosomal complexes (By similarity), In the nucleoplasm, binds 7SK RNA and is recruited to the promoters of Pol II-transcribed genes: acts by facilitating the release of P-TEFb from inhibitory 7SK snRNP in a manner that is dependent on its helicase activity, thereby promoting transcription of its target genes (By similarity), Required to prevent R-loop-associated DNA damage and transcription-associated genomic instability (By similarity)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX21/DDX50 subfamily


This is Nucleolar RNA helicase 2-B protein, from African clawed frog, contains 800 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.


This is Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 protein, from Chicken, contains 594 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May function as a growth and differentiation factor involved in neuritogenesis and more particularly in neurite extension


This is Nicotinamide/nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 285 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP (PubMed:15381699, PubMed:27735788), Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate with the same efficiency (By similarity), Can use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate (By similarity), Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i,e, the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+) (By similarity), For the pyrophosphorolytic activity, prefers NAD(+) and NaAD as substrates and degrades NADH, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD) and nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) less effectively (By similarity), Involved in the synthesis of ATP in the nucleus, together with PARP1, PARG and NUDT5 (By similarity), Nuclear ATP generation is required for extensive chromatin remodeling events that are energy-consuming (By similarity), Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NaADP(+) (By similarity), Also acts as a cofactor for glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation by directing PARP1 catalytic activity to glutamate and aspartate residues on histones (PubMed:32822587), Protects against axonal degeneration following mechanical or toxic insults (PubMed:15310905, PubMed:16914673), Delays axonal degeneration after axotomy, Results in a >10-fold increase in intact neurites 72 hours after injury (PubMed:16914673, PubMed:27735788)

Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family


This is D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase protein, from Mouse, contains 618 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Converts D-glucuronic acid residues adjacent to N-sulfate sugar residues to L-iduronic acid residues, both in maturing heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin chains, This is important for further modifications that determine the specificity of interactions between these glycosaminoglycans and proteins

Belongs to the D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase family


This is Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 21 protein, from Mouse, contains 655 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Promotes apoptosis, possibly via a pathway that involves the activation of NF-kappa-B, Can also promote apoptosis mediated by BAX and by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, Plays a role in neuronal apoptosis, including apoptosis in response to amyloid peptides derived from APP, and is required for both normal cell body death and axonal pruning, Trophic-factor deprivation triggers the cleavage of surface APP by beta-secretase to release sAPP-beta which is further cleaved to release an N-terminal fragment of APP (N-APP), N-APP binds TNFRSF21; this triggers caspase activation and degeneration of both neuronal cell bodies (via caspase-3) and axons (via caspase-6), Negatively regulates oligodendrocyte survival, maturation and myelination, Plays a role in signaling cascades triggered by stimulation of T-cell receptors, in the adaptive immune response and in the regulation of T-cell differentiation and proliferation, Negatively regulates T-cell responses and the release of cytokines such as IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13 and IFNG by Th2 cells, Negatively regulates the production of IgG, IgM and IgM in response to antigens, May inhibit the activation of JNK in response to T-cell stimulation


This is P2Y purinoceptor 12 protein, from Rat, contains 343 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G-proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system, Required for normal platelet aggregation and blood coagulation

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


This is T-box transcription factor TBX18 protein, from Mouse, contains 613 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as transcriptional repressor involved in developmental processes of a variety of tissues and organs, including the heart, the coronary vessels, the ureter, and the vertebral column, Required for embryonic development of the sino atrial node (SAN) head area


This is Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 protein, from Rat, contains 716 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of thyroid hormones at the plasma membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells (PubMed:12923172, PubMed:17667996, PubMed:19819953), The transport activity of substrates L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3, rT3) is much greater than that of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (PubMed:12923172, PubMed:17667996, PubMed:19819953), The prehormone, T4, is the major form in the circulating blood and is converted to the active form, T3, by the iodothyronine-deiodinase in peripheral organs (PubMed:12923172), T3 plays an essential role in brain development via binding to specific nuclear receptors (thyroid hormone receptor) (PubMed:12923172), Also transports organic anions such as the conjugated steroid 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol (17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)) (PubMed:12923172, PubMed:17667996, PubMed:19819953), Transports T4 and estrone-3-sulfate in a pH-insensitive manner (By similarity), May serve as a drug efflux system at the blood brain barrier (PubMed:12923172, PubMed:17667996)

Belongs to the organo anion transporter (TC 2,A,60) family


This is Hepcidin protein, from Mouse, contains 83 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Liver-produced hormone that constitutes the main circulating regulator of iron absorption and distribution across tissues, Acts by promoting endocytosis and degradation of SLC40A1, leading to the retention of iron in iron-exporting cells and decreased flow of iron into plasma, Controls the major flows of iron into plasma: absorption of dietary iron in the intestine, recycling of iron by macrophages, which phagocytose old erythrocytes and other cells, and mobilization of stored iron from hepatocytes


This is Sperm-egg fusion protein Juno protein, from Mouse, contains 244 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for IZUMO1 present at the cell surface of oocytes (oolemma), which is essential for species-specific gamete recognition and fertilization (PubMed:24739963, PubMed:26859261, PubMed:27309808, PubMed:27416963), The IZUMO1:IZUMO1R/JUNO interaction is a necessary adhesion event between sperm and egg that is required for fertilization but is not sufficient for cell fusion (PubMed:24739963, PubMed:26859261, PubMed:27309808), The ligand-receptor interaction probably does not act as a membrane 'fusogen' (PubMed:24739963, PubMed:26859261, PubMed:27309808), Does not bind folate (PubMed:24739963)


This is Appetite-regulating hormone protein, from Mouse, contains 117 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Obestatin may be the ligand for GPR39, May have an appetite-reducing effect resulting in decreased food intake, May reduce gastric emptying activity and jejunal motility (By similarity)


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 protein, from Mouse, contains 977 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase and endoribonuclease that acts as a key sensor for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) (PubMed:11850408, PubMed:25164867), In unstressed cells, the endoplasmic reticulum luminal domain is maintained in its inactive monomeric state by binding to the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone HSPA5/BiP, Accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum causes release of HSPA5/BiP, allowing the luminal domain to homodimerize, promoting autophosphorylation of the kinase domain and subsequent activation of the endoribonuclease activity (PubMed:25164867), The endoribonuclease activity is specific for XBP1 mRNA and excises 26 nucleotides from XBP1 mRNA (PubMed:11850408, PubMed:25164867), The resulting spliced transcript of XBP1 encodes a transcriptional activator protein that up-regulates expression of UPR target genes (PubMed:11850408, PubMed:25164867), Acts as an upstream signal for ER stress-induced GORASP2-mediated unconventional (ER/Golgi-independent) trafficking of CFTR to cell membrane by modulating the expression and localization of SEC16A (By similarity)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 23 protein, from Mouse, contains 176 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL, Lacks a cytoplasmic death domain and hence is not capable of inducing apoptosis, May protect cells against TRAIL mediated apoptosis through ligand competition, Cannot induce the NF-kappa-B pathway


This is Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 protein, from Mouse, contains 715 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of thyroid hormones at the plasma membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells (PubMed:15166123, PubMed:24691440, PubMed:22294745), The transport activity of substrates L-thyroxine (T4) and 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (reverse T3, rT3) is much greater than that of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (PubMed:15166123), The prehormone, T4, is the major form in the circulating blood and is converted to the active form, T3, by the iodothyronine-deiodinase in peripheral organs (PubMed:15166123), T3 plays an essential role in brain development via binding to specific nuclear receptors (thyroid hormone receptor) (PubMed:15166123, PubMed:22294745), Also transports organic anions such as the conjugated steroid 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol (17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)) (PubMed:15166123), Transports T4 and estrone-3-sulfate in a pH-insensitive manner (By similarity), May serve as a drug efflux system at the blood brain barrier (By similarity)


This is LRP chaperone MESD protein, from Mouse, contains 224 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Chaperone specifically assisting the folding of beta-propeller/EGF modules within the family of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs) (PubMed:31564437), Acts as a modulator of the Wnt pathway through chaperoning the coreceptors of the canonical Wnt pathway, LRP5 and LRP6, to the plasma membrane, Essential for specification of embryonic polarity and mesoderm induction (PubMed:12581525, PubMed:21397183), Plays an essential role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation by promoting cell-surface expression of LRP4 (PubMed:24140340), May regulate phagocytosis of apoptotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells


This is Bifunctional arginine demethylase and lysyl-hydroxylase JMJD6 protein, from Mouse, contains 403 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Dioxygenase that can both act as a arginine demethylase and a lysyl-hydroxylase, Acts as a lysyl-hydroxylase that catalyzes 5-hydroxylation on specific lysine residues of target proteins such as U2AF2/U2AF65 and LUC7L2, Regulates RNA splicing by mediating 5-hydroxylation of U2AF2/U2AF65, affecting the pre-mRNA splicing activity of U2AF2/U2AF65, Hydroxylates its own N-terminus, which is required for homooligomerization (By similarity), Plays a role in the regulation of nucleolar liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) by post-translationally modifying LIAT1 at its lysine-rich domain which inhibits LIAT1 nucleolar targeting (PubMed:33443146, PubMed:25369936), In addition to peptidyl-lysine 5-dioxygenase activity, may act as an RNA hydroxylase, as suggested by its ability to bind single strand RNA, Also acts as an arginine demethylase which preferentially demethylates asymmetric dimethylation, Demethylates histone H3 at 'Arg-2' (H3R2me) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (H4R3me), including mono-, symmetric di- and asymmetric dimethylated forms, thereby playing a role in histone code, However, histone arginine demethylation may not constitute the primary activity in vivo, In collaboration with BRD4, interacts with the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complex in its active form to regulate polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release for transcriptional activation of a large cohort of genes, On distal enhancers, so called anti-pause enhancers, demethylates both histone H4R3me2 and the methyl cap of 7SKsnRNA leading to the dismissal of the 7SKsnRNA:HEXIM1 inhibitor complex, After removal of repressive marks, the complex BRD4:JMJD6 attract and retain the P-TEFb complex on chromatin, leading to its activation, promoter-proximal polymerase II pause release, and transcriptional activation, Demethylates other arginine methylated-proteins such as ESR1, Has no histone lysine demethylase activity (By similarity), Required for differentiation of multiple organs during embryogenesis (PubMed:15345036), Acts as a key regulator of hematopoietic differentiation: required for angiogenic sprouting by regulating the pre-mRNA splicing activity of U2AF2/U2AF65 (PubMed:21300889), Seems to be necessary for the regulation of macrophage cytokine responses (By similarity)


This is Interleukin-21 protein, from Mouse, contains 146 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity, May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity, Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells (PubMed:15100251), Implicated in the generation and maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of germinal-centers, Together with IL6, control the early generation of Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute viral infection (PubMed:23045607), May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15 (PubMed:11970879), May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli, In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells (By similarity), During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation (PubMed:12893770)


This is Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase SAC1 protein, from Rat, contains 587 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Phosphoinositide phosphatase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P), phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) and has low activity towards phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) (PubMed:10887188, PubMed:27044890), Shows a very robust PtdIns(4)P phosphatase activity when it binds PtdIns(4)P in a 'cis' configuration in the cellular environment, with much less activity seen when it binds PtdIns(4)P in 'trans' configuration (By similarity), PtdIns(4)P phosphatase activity (when it binds PtdIns(4)P in 'trans' configuration) is enhanced in the presence of PLEKHA3 (By similarity)


This is Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4 protein, from Rat, contains 738 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Endothelial orphan receptor that acts as a key regulator of angiogenesis

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family, Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor (ADGR) subfamily


This is Complement C1q-like protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 255 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons, Has no effect on inhibitory synapses, Plays a role in glucose homeostasis, Via AMPK signaling pathway, stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes, myotubes and hepatocytes and enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, In a hepatoma cell line, reduces the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes G6PC1 and PCK1 and hence decreases de novo glucose production


This is Tripartite motif-containing protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 744 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, has 1 B box-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

B box-type

UBE2D1-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of NEFL and of phosphorylated BCL2L11, Plays a neuroprotective function, May play a role in neuronal rapid ischemic tolerance, Plays a role in antiviral immunity and limits new world arenavirus infection independently of its ubiquitin ligase activity by decreasing virus internalization (PubMed:30726215)


This is Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B protein, from Rat, contains 272 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Multifunctional protein that is involved in the regulation of many processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression or transcription, Regulates the proliferation of neuronal stem cells, differentiation of leukemic cells and progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle (PubMed:11162633), As negative regulator of caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, may act as an antagonist of ANP32A in regulating tissue homeostasis (PubMed:16499868), Exhibits histone chaperone properties, able to recruit histones to certain promoters, thus regulating the transcription of specific genes, Also plays an essential role in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of specific mRNAs via the uncommon nuclear mRNA export receptor XPO1/CRM1 (By similarity), Participates in the regulation of adequate adaptive immune responses by acting on mRNA expression and cell proliferation (By similarity)


This is NF-kappa-B inhibitor zeta protein, from Mouse, contains 728 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in regulation of NF-kappa-B transcription factor complexes (PubMed:11356851, PubMed:15241416, PubMed:15618216, PubMed:17447895), Inhibits NF-kappa-B activity without affecting its nuclear translocation upon stimulation (PubMed:11356851, PubMed:15241416, PubMed:15618216, PubMed:17447895), Inhibits DNA-binding of RELA and NFKB1/p50, and of the NF-kappa-B p65-p50 heterodimer and the NF-kappa-B p50-p50 homodimer (PubMed:11356851, PubMed:15241416, PubMed:15618216, PubMed:17447895), Seems also to activate NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription (PubMed:11356851, PubMed:15241416, PubMed:15618216, PubMed:17447895), In vitro, upon association with NFKB1/p50 has transcriptional activation activity and, together with NFKB1/p50 and RELA, is recruited to LCN2 promoters (By similarity), Promotes transcription of LCN2 and DEFB4 (By similarity), Is recruited to IL-6 promoters and activates IL-6 but decreases TNF-alpha production in response to LPS (PubMed:11086164, PubMed:25107474), Seems to be involved in the induction of inflammatory genes activated through TLR/IL-1 receptor signaling (PubMed:11086164, PubMed:25107474), Involved in the induction of T helper 17 cells (Th17) differentiation upon recognition of antigen by T cell antigen receptor (TCR) (PubMed:25282160)


This is Transcription factor Sp6 protein, from Mouse, contains 376 amino acids, has 3 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Promotes cell proliferation (PubMed:14551215), Plays a role in tooth germ growth (PubMed:30426815), Plays a role in the control of enamel mineralization, Binds the AMBN promoter (By similarity)

Belongs to the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is Transcription factor MYB44 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 305 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor (PubMed:23067202, PubMed:23603962), Represses the expression of protein phosphatases 2C in response to abscisic acid (ABA), Confers resistance to abiotic stresses dependent of ABA (PubMed:18162593, PubMed:9678577), In response to auxin, activates the transcription of the auxin-responsive gene IAA19, The IAA19 transcription activation by MYB44 is enhanced by direct interaction between MYB44 and PYL8 (PubMed:24894996), Transcriptional activator of WRKY70 by direct binding to its promoter region, especially at 5'-TAACNG-3' and 5'-CNGTTA-3' symmetric motifs (PubMed:23067202, PubMed:23603962), Activates salicylic acid (SA)- mediated defenses and subsequent resistance to biotrophic pathogen P,syringae pv, tomato DC3000, but represses jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defenses responses against the necrotrophic pathogen A,brassicicola (PubMed:23067202)


This is Glutathione S-transferase F12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 214 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Involved in the transport and/or accumulation of both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PA)s in the vacuole, Functions in the cytosol to maintain the regular accumulation in the vacuole of PA precursors, such as epicatechin and glycosylated epicatechin

Belongs to the GST superfamily, Phi family


This is Phosphoglucan phosphatase DSP4, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 379 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Starch granule-associated phosphoglucan phosphatase involved in the control of starch accumulation, Acts as major regulator of the initial steps of starch degradation at the granule surface, Functions during the day by dephosphorylating the night-accumulated phospho-oligosaccharides, Can release phosphate from both the C6 and the C3 positions, but dephosphorylates preferentially the C6 position (PubMed:20018599, PubMed:26231210)


This is rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 308 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that has the ability to methylate both RNAs and proteins (Probable), Involved in pre-rRNA processing, Utilizes the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to catalyze the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in pre-ribosomal RNA (Probable), Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate (Probable), Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA (Probable), Also acts as a protein methyltransferase by mediating methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ105me), a modification that impairs binding of the FACT complex and is specifically present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus (By similarity), Binds monophosphate phosphoinositides in vitro (PubMed:29163603)

Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily, Fibrillarin family


This is 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 protein, from Tomato, contains 396 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Specifically cleaves olefinic bonds in cyclic enones, Involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and perhaps in biosynthesis or metabolism of other oxylipin signaling moleclules, It is required for the spatial and temporal regulation of JA levels during dehiscence of anthers, promoting the stomium degeneration program (By similarity), In vitro, reduces 9S,13S-12-oxophytodienoic acid (9S,13S-OPDA) and 9R,13R-OPDA to 9S,13S-OPC-8:0 and 9R,13R-OPC-8:0, respectively

Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family


This is BAHD acyltransferase DCR protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 484 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for incorporation of 9(10),16-dihydroxy-hexadecanoic acid into cutin

Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family


This is Transcription activator GLK2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 386 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator that functions with GLK1 to promote chloroplast development, Acts as an activator of nuclear photosynthetic genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, light harvesting, and electron transport, Acts in a cell-autonomous manner to coordinate and maintain the photosynthetic apparatus within individual cells, May function in photosynthetic capacity optimization by integrating responses to variable environmental and endogenous cues (PubMed:11828027, PubMed:12220263, PubMed:18643989, PubMed:19376934, PubMed:19383092, PubMed:19726569), Prevents premature senescence (PubMed:23459204)


This is NF-X1-type zinc finger protein NFXL2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 883 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; degenerate Zinc finger, has 11 NF-X1-type Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

RING-type; degenerate

Probable transcriptional regulator, May mediate E2- or E3-dependent ubiquitination, Required to gate light sensitivity during the night, Regulates the speed of the clock by acting in the feedback loop between CCA1, LHY and APRR1/TOC1, Promotes the expression of CCA1 at night but not by days, This activational effect is enhanced by interaction with ADO1/ZTL, Association with ADO1/ZTL is not leading to the degradation of NFXL2, Confers sensitivity to osmotic stress such as high salinity, Prevents H(2)O(2) production and abscisic acid accumulation, Part of a regulatory network that integrates the biosynthesis and action of abscisic acid, reactive oxygen species and cuticle components


This is Proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase PERK8 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 681 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Could be involved in the negative regulation of root growth


This is Telomere repeat-binding protein 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 640 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds specifically to the plant telomeric double-stranded DNA sequences 5'-TTTAGGG-3', At least 2 repeats of telomeric sequences are required for binding, Induces DNA bending


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase D6PK protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 498 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Protein kinase that regulates the auxin transport activity of PIN auxin efflux facilitators by direct phosphorylation, D6PK-mediated PIN phosphorylation promotes auxin transport in the hypocotyl and this is a prerequisite for PHOT1-dependent hypocotyl bending, Phosphorylates PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 in vitro and PIN1 in vivo, Acts as a lipid domain-dependent mediator of root epidermal planar polarity via the binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (e,g, PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(4)P, PtdIns(5)P, PtdIns(3,5)P(2), PtdIns(4,5)P(2), PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and phosphatidic acid) (PubMed:27251533)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Alpha-mannosidase I MNS4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 624 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Can convert Man(9)GlcNAc(2) and Man(8)GlcNAc(2) into N-glycans with a terminal alpha-1,6-linked Man residue in the C-branch, Functions in the formation of unique N-glycan structures that are specifically recognized by components of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, which leads to the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins, Most likely generates N-glycan signal on misfolded glycoproteins that is subsequently recognized by OS9, Required for ERAD of the heavily glycosylated and misfolded BRI1 variants BRI1-5 and BRI1-9, Does not seem to play role in N-glycan processing of correctly folded proteins destined for secretion

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family


This is Zeaxanthin epoxidase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 667 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Zeaxanthin epoxidase that plays an important role in the xanthophyll cycle and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, Converts zeaxanthin into antheraxanthin and subsequently violaxanthin, Required for resistance to osmotic and drought stresses, ABA-dependent stomatal closure, seed development and dormancy, modulation of defense gene expression and disease resistance and non-photochemical quencing (NPQ), Through its role in ABA biosynthesis, regulates the expression of stress-responsive genes such as RD29A during osmotic stress and is required for normal plant growth during vegetative development, Is required for late skotomorphogenic growth through its role in the xanthophyll carotenoids neoxanthin, violaxanthin and antheraxanthin biosynthesis, Required for beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced priming in disease resistance, tolerance to salt and drought stresses and sterility, Participates in NPQ by regulating the level of zeaxanthin in photosynthetic energy conversion, NPQ is a process that maintains the balance between dissipation and utilization of light energy to minimize the generation of oxidizing molecules and the molecular damages they can generate


This is RNA-binding protein CP31B, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 289 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Required for specific RNA editing events in chloroplasts and stabilizes specific chloroplast mRNAs (PubMed:19297624)


This is Quinolinate synthase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 718 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the condensation of iminoaspartate with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinate, Can complement nadA-deficient E,coli mutant, Essential for the de novo synthesis of NAD, Participates also in cysteine desulfurization mediated by NFS2, Can activate the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS2 in vitro

Belongs to the quinolinate synthase family, Type 1 subfamily


This is High-affinity nitrate transporter 3.1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 210 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Acts as a dual component transporter with NTR2,1, Required for high-affinity nitrate transport, Acts as a repressor of lateral root initiation, May be involved in targeting NRT2 proteins to the plasma membrane


This is Cyclin-dependent kinase G1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 612 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Cyclin-dependent kinase involved in pre-mRNA splicing, Required for the correct splicing of the sixth intron of CALS5 pre-mRNA, May stabilize the binding of U1 snRNP to this rare type of intron with a GC 5'SS, Involved in chromosome pairing and is required for the completion of synapsis in male meiocytes at high ambient temperatures


This is ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 5, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 704 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Part of a complex that function as an ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase, Involved in the thylakoid formation and in the removal of damaged D1 in the photosystem II, preventing cell death under high-intensity light conditions, Not involved in the degradation of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC II) or in thermotolerance

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family


This is Probable galacturonosyltransferase 12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 535 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Involved in pectin assembly and/or distribution, and in the synthesis of secondary wall glucuronoxylan, Probably involved in the synthesis of the glycosyl sequence at the glucuronoxylan reducing end, May be involved in synthesis of a complex glycan primer for xylan synthesis

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family


This is MOB kinase activator-like 1A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 215 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a key role in regulation of cell expansion and cell division (PubMed:26685188), Required for proper plant development, the correct patterning of the root meristem and the control of root growth (PubMed:24201137), Involved in both sporogenesis and gametogenesis (PubMed:21641974)


This is Scarecrow-like protein 23 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 405 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable transcription factor involved in plant development


This is Chromophore lyase CRL, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 269 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Confers sensitivity to cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV), probably by supporting viral movement

Belongs to the CpcT/CpeT biliprotein lyase family


This is Chaperone protein ClpC1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 929 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Molecular chaperone that hydrolyzes ATP and is associated with the chloroplast protein import apparatus, May function as the motor for chloroplast protein translocation, as translocation requires ATP hydrolysis in the stroma, May interact with a ClpP-like protease involved in degradation of denatured proteins in the chloroplast, Involved in the regulation of chlorophyll b biosynthesis through the destabilization of chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) protein in response to the accumulation of chlorophyll b, Involved in leaf iron homeostasis

Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family, ClpC subfamily


This is Protein ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 801 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Component of the plastid division machinery consisting in a binary fission accomplished by the simultaneous constriction of the FtsZ ring on the stromal side of the inner envelope membrane, and the ARC5 ring on the cytosolic side of the outer envelope membrane (PubMed:28248291, PubMed:29466386), Involved in the initiation of proplastid and plastid division (including chloroplasts, statoliths and leukoplasts) (PubMed:29466386), Promotes the assembly and/or stabilization of the plastid-dividing FtsZ ring, functioning as an antagonistic regulator of FtsZ dynamics against CDP1 and facilitating MCD1 positioning to membrane tethered FtsZ filaments to form the chloroplast Z-Ring; inhibits GDP-induced disassembly of FTSZ2 but enables ARC3 binding to FTSZ2-1 (PubMed:29466386, PubMed:29967285, PubMed:29769312, PubMed:29138260), Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the stromal FtsZ ring and the outer membrane PDV2 that recruits cytoplasmic ARC5 ring (PubMed:28248291), Required for plastid equatorial positioning of PDV2 and ARC5, May contribute to gravitropism in stems and hypocotyls, Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency


This is ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH 9, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 806 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Probable ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase


This is Transcription factor MYC3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 592 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor involved in tryptophan, jasmonic acid (JA) and other stress-responsive gene regulation, With MYC2 and MYC4, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses, Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis, Binds to the G-box (5'-CACGTG-3') of promoters, Activates multiple TIFY/JAZ promoters


This is Senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 346 amino acids, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Cysteine protease that may have a developmental senescence specific cell death function during apoptosis, heavy metal detoxification, and hypersensitive response


This is Methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 7 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 306 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator that binds CpG islands in promoters where the DNA is methylated at position 5 of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides, May directly affect chromatin structure by inducing intra- and inter- chromatin compaction via bridging over multiple methylated CpG sites, Acts as an anti-silencing factor that prevents DNA hypermethylation and gene repression (PubMed:25684209), Requires high mCG density for binding (PubMed:25684209, PubMed:25593350), Recognizes preferentially mCGs located in transposable elements (PubMed:25684209, PubMed:25593350), Required for active DNA demethylation (PubMed:25593350), Prefers to target genomic loci around chromocenters (PubMed:25593350)


This is Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 6 homolog protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 178 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Broad-specificity nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates, Preferred phosphate donor and acceptor are ATP and AMP, respectively, Has also ATPase activity (By similarity)

Belongs to the adenylate kinase family, AK6 subfamily


This is Probable transcription factor KAN4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 276 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable transcription factor that regulates carpel integuments formation, Required for the specification of polarity in the ovule inner integument, Modulates the content of flavonols and proanthocyanidin in seeds


This is NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 154 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis, Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity)

Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family


This is Telomere repeat-binding factor 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 299 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds preferentially double-stranded telomeric repeats, but it can also bind to the single G-rich telomeric strand

Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family, SMH subfamily


This is BTB/POZ and TAZ domain-containing protein 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 372 amino acids, has 1 TAZ-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

TAZ-type

May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins


This is Plastid division protein PDV1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 272 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Component of the plastid division machinery (PubMed:16998069), Required to mediate the dissociation of ARC5/DRP5B from plastid outer envelope membranes (OEMs) at the midplastid constriction site in the cytoplasm, thus triggering ARC5/DRP5B ring turnover at the chloroplast division site (PubMed:16998069, PubMed:32005784), Binding to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) modulates negatively chloroplast division (PubMed:25736058)


This is Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 164 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems

Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family


This is Alkaline/neutral invertase E, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 617 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Chloroplastic invertase that cleaves sucrose into glucose and fructose and is associated with the development of the photosynthetic apparatus and the assimilation of nitrogen in seedlings to control the sucrose to hexose ratio (PubMed:20304912), Participates in the carbon flux between the cytosol and plastids in leaves (PubMed:18034262)

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 100 family


This is NAC domain-containing protein 92 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 285 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator that binds to DNA in promoters of target genes on a specific bipartite motif 5'-[ACG][CA]GT[AG](5-6n)[CT]AC[AG]-3' (PubMed:23340744), Promotes lateral root development (PubMed:16359384), Triggers the expression of senescence-associated genes during age-, salt- and dark-induced senescence through a regulatory network that may involve cross-talk with salt- and H(2)O(2)-dependent signaling pathways (PubMed:9351240, PubMed:15295076, PubMed:20113437, PubMed:21303842), Regulates also genes during seed germination (PubMed:20113437), Regulates positively aging-induced cell death (PubMed:19229035), Involved in age-related resistance (ARR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv, tomato and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (PubMed:19694953), Antagonizes GLK1 and GLK2 transcriptional activity, shifting the balance from chloroplast maintenance towards deterioration during leaf senescence (PubMed:23459204), Promotes the expression of senescence-associated genes, including ENDO1/BFN1, SWEET15/SAG29 and SINA1/At3g13672, during senescence onset (PubMed:23340744)


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ORTHRUS 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 617 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, has 2 RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

RING-type

RING-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, Participates in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and epigenetic transcriptional silencing, Mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e,g, UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36, Promotes methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering, Can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrate


This is Pantoate--beta-alanine ligase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 310 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the condensation of pantoate with beta-alanine to form pantothenate, Essential for panthotenate biosynthesis

Belongs to the pantothenate synthetase family


This is ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase 4, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 530 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by ATP, the first committing step of glycolysis

Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family, PPi-dependent PFK group II subfamily, Atypical ATP-dependent clade 'X' sub-subfamily


This is Cytochrome c1 2, heme protein, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 307 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation, The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase, The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol, In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c, Cytochrome c1 is a catalytic core subunit containing a c-type heme, It transfers electrons from the [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur cluster of the Rieske protein to cytochrome c


This is Lysine histidine transporter 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 446 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Amino acid-proton symporter, Transporter with a broad specificity for histidine, lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, serine, proline and glycine, Involved in both apoplastic transport of amino acids in leaves and their uptake by roots

Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family, Amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) (TC 2,A,18,2) subfamily


This is Calcium-dependent protein kinase 28 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 523 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger (Probable), Acts as developmentally controlled regulator for coordinated stem elongation and vascular development, Acts as key component which contributes to the developmental switch that establishes the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth (PubMed:23252373), Involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling, Interacts with and phosphorylates the kinase BIK1, a central rate-limiting kinase in PTI signaling, Facilitates BIK1 turnover and negatively regulates BIK1-mediated immune responses triggered by several PAMPs, Its kinase activity is necessary and sufficient for its function in PTI signaling (PubMed:25525792)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDPK subfamily


This is Ferredoxin--NADP reductase, leaf isozyme 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 360 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Plays a key role in regulating the relative amounts of cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow to meet the demands of the plant for ATP and reducing power

Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family


This is WRKY transcription factor 8 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 326 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor, Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-TTGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring stress-responsive cis-acting element, Functions as positive regulator of salt stress response, Binds the W box of LTI78/RD29A stress-response gene and directly regulates its transcription under salt stress, Functions antagonistically with VQ9 to regulate sodium and potassium homeostasis under salt stress by regulating the expression of downstream SOS (SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE) stress-responsive genes, The DNA-binding activity of WRKY8 is decreased by VQ9 (PubMed:23451802), Functions as negative regulator of basal resistance to the bacterial pathogen P,syringae and as positive regulator of resistance to the fungal pathogen to B,cinerea (PubMed:20367464), Functions as positive regulator of defense response againt tobamovirus (TMV) by regulating both the abscisic acid and ethylene signaling pathways, Positively regulates ABI4 expression and negatively modulates ACS6 and ERF104 expression by directly binding to the W box consensus motifs within their promoters (PubMed:23650359)


This is AAA-ATPase ASD, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 514 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Required to regulate morphology and anatomy during seed maturation

Belongs to the AAA ATPase family, BCS1 subfamily


This is Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 445 amino acids, has 1 C2HC MYST-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2HC MYST-type

Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation, Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac) (PubMed:17877703, PubMed:19040736, PubMed:22170978, PubMed:23273925), Essential for gametophyte development (PubMed:19040736), Involved in DNA repair after UV-B exposure (PubMed:22170978), Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin (PubMed:23273925)


This is GDSL esterase/lipase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 374 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Confers resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, Possesses lipase and antimicrobial activities that directly disrupt fungal spore integrity, Triggers systemic resistance, mostly by the ethylene-dependent pathway

Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family


This is Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 1, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 464 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2), It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity)

Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family


This is Inositol polyphosphate multikinase beta protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 300 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inositol phosphate kinase with a broad substrate specificity, Phosphorylates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3), inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5,6)P4), inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4), inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,6)P4) and inositol 1,2,3,4,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5) but not inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins(1,4)P2), inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P3), inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (Ins(1,2,6)P3), inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(3,4,5,6)P4), inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5), inositol 1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) or inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), Involved in the auxin signaling pathway, Regulates axillary shoot branching and is required for phytate synthesis in seeds

Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family


This is ABC transporter A family member 9 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 950 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Mediates the transport of acyl-CoAs and/or free fatty acids to the endoplasmic reticulum, Has no effect on the selectivity of fatty acid incorporation into triacylglycerol or further desaturation steps

Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily, ABCA family, CPR flippase (TC 3,A,1,211) subfamily


This is DNA-binding protein BIN4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 454 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the DNA topoisomerase VI complex, Binds to DNA, Required for chromatin organization and progression of endoreduplication cycles, The loss of BIN4 activates the ATM- and ATR-dependent DNA damage responses in postmitotic cells and induces the ectopic expression of the mitotic G2/M-specific cyclin B1;1 gene in non-dividing cells


This is Transcription termination factor MTERF9, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 496 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Transcription termination factor required for processing and steady-state levels of plastid transcripts, May play a role in response to abiotic stresses


This is Protein TIC 40, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 447 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts, Part of the motor complex consisting of a co-chaperone (TIC40) and a chaperone (HSP93) associated with the import channel (TIC110), Causes the release of bound transit peptides from TIC110 and stimulates ATP hydrolysis by HSP93, Involved in reinsertion of proteins from the chloroplast stroma into the inner membrane


This is Probable inactive receptor kinase At5g16590 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 625 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Might be involved in early recognition of growth promoting fungi, Appears to be specific for P,indica

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Root phototropism protein 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 746 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity), Signal transducer of the phototropic response and photo-induced movements, Involved in the phot1 pathway under low blue light (LBL) fluence rate and in the phot2 pathway under higher fluence rate of blue light (HBL), Necessary for root and hypocotyl phototropisms, but not for the regulation of stomata opening, Not involved in chloroplast accumulation and translocation


This is Histone deacetylase 6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 471 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), Might remove acetyl residues only from specific targets, such as rDNA repeats or complex transgenes, Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events, Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes, Required for rRNA gene silencing in nucleolar dominance, Plays a role in transgene silencing, but this effect seems to bee independent of the histone deacetylase activity (PubMed:11340181, PubMed:12486004, PubMed:15037732, PubMed:16648464), Part of the AS1 repressor complex to regulate the KNOX expression in leaf development (PubMed:23271976), Binds to KNAT1, KNAT2, and KNATM chromatin (PubMed:23271976), Involved in the regulation of flowering time (PubMed:21398257, PubMed:25922987), Forms a histone deacetylase complex with HDA5, FLD and MSI4/FVE that represses FLC gene expression to control flowering time (PubMed:21398257, PubMed:25922987)

Belongs to the histone deacetylase family, HD type 1 subfamily


This is Dihydropyrimidinase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 531 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the second step of the reductive pyrimidine degradation, the reversible hydrolytic ring opening of dihydropyrimidines, Can catalyze the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil to N-carbamoyl-alanine and of 5,6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamoyl-amino isobutyrate, Involved in the recycling of nitrogen from nucleobases to general nitrogen metabolism

Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily, Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family


This is PHD finger protein MALE STERILITY 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 672 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

Transcriptional activator required for anther and post-meiotic pollen development and maturation, Seems to regulate inflorescence branching and floral development, May control tapetal development by directly regulating tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) and breakdown, Implicated in pollen cytosolic components and wall development (e,g, exine and intine formation)


This is Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein 3, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 375 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Transport of phosphate groups from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix, Mediates salt stress tolerance through an ATP-dependent pathway and via modulation of the gibberellin metabolism

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is Protein-S-isoprenylcysteine O-methyltransferase A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 197 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the post-translational methylation of isoprenylated C-terminal cysteine residues, resulting in the modulation of the function of prenylated proteins, Involved in negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling, Carboxyl methylation is a reversible and potentially regulated step in the post-translational modification of prenylated proteins

Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase family


This is Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 263 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity), Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes, Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD2

Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family


This is Splicing factor U2af small subunit B protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 283 amino acids, has 2 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Necessary for the splicing of pre-mRNA (By similarity), Probably active at the 3' splice sites

Belongs to the splicing factor SR family


This is Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 7 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 413 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Phosphatase active on para-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) and on various phosphoproteins such as myelin basic protein, Seems to act as a positive regulator of cryptochrome signaling involved in hypocotyl growth inhibition and cotyledon expansion under white and blue light conditions, Confers thermotolerance, Required for heat shock mediated-signaling pathway that leads to the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs)

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family, PP-7 subfamily


This is Metal transporter Nramp4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 512 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Vacuolar metal transporter involved in intracellular metal homeostasis, Can transport iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and cadmium (Cd), Regulates metal accumulation under Fe starvation, Acts redundantly with NRAMP3 to mobilize vacuolar Fe and provide sufficient Fe during seed germination, In association with NRAMP3, required for optimal growth and photosynthesis under Mn deficiency, Exports Mn from vacuoles in leaf mesophyll cells, making Mn available for functional photosystem II in chloroplasts


This is ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 241 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent Clp protease (PubMed:11352464), Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis (By similarity), Has a chymotrypsin-like activity, Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins (By similarity)


This is Methylthioalkylmalate synthase 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 503 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Determines the side chain length of aliphatic glucosinolate structures, Accepts all the omega-methylthio-2-oxoalkanoic acids needed to form the known C3 to C8 glucosinolates, Also able to convert pyruvate to citramalate, 2-oxoisovalerate to isopropylmalate, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 5-methyl-2-oxohexanoate for Leu-derived glucosinolates, 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate for Ile-derived glucosinolates and phenylpyruvate to phenylethylglucosinolate

Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family


This is Transcription factor GLABRA 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 637 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator, when associated with MYB75/PAP1, MYB90/PAP2 or TT2, Involved in epidermal cell fate specification, Regulates negatively stomata formation, but, in association with TTG1 and MYB0/GL1, promotes trichome formation, branching and endoreplication, Regulates also trichome cell wall maturation, Together with MYB66/WER, promotes the formation of non-hair cells in root epidermis cells in the N position, Whereas together with CPC, promotes the formation of hair cells in root epidermis cells in the H position by inhibiting non-hair cell formation, Seems also to play a role in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, probably together with MYB75/PAP1, Activates the transcription of GL2


This is Probable inactive histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUVR2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 717 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable inactive histone-lysine methyltransferase that acts as regulator of transctiptional gene silencing independently of histone H3K9 methylation, Contributes to transcriptional gene silencing at RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) target loci but also at RdDM-independent target loci, Forms a complex with SUVR1 and associates with the SNF2-related chromatin-remodeling proteins CHR19, CHR27, and CHR28, thereby mediating nucleosome positioning and transcriptional silencing, Does not possess histone-lysine methyltransferase activity in vitro, and the conserved catalytic sites of SUVR2 are dispensable for its function in transcriptional gene silencing

Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, Histone-lysine methyltransferase family


This is Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ATXR6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 349 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

Histone methyltransferase that specifically monomethylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me1), Has higher activity on nucleosomes containing H3,1 than H3,3, Involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin and the silencing of heterochromatic elements, May act as a positive regulator of the G1-S transition, Influences which sets of rRNA gene variants are expressed or silenced, Up-regulated by E2FB

Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, Histone-lysine methyltransferase family, TRX/MLL subfamily


This is NDR1/HIN1-like protein 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 231 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv, tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000)


This is Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 475 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mediates degradation of arginine for nitrogen recycling, Plays a role in non-host disease resistance by regulating pyrroline-5-carboxylate metabolism-induced hypersensitive response

Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family