This is NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 529 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Thioredoxin reductase (TR) that exhibits both TR and thioredoxin (Trx) activities, Contains a C-terminal functional Trx domain, Functions as an electron donor for plastidial 2-Cys peroxiredoxins and participates in a NADPH-dependent hydrogen peroxide scavenging system in chloroplasts in the dark, Required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus, Activates aerobic cyclase which converts Mg-protoporhyrin monomethyl ester into protochlorophyllide, Involved in a light-dependent regulation of starch biosynthesis by redox activation of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a central enzyme of starch synthesis

Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family


This is Protein disulfide-isomerase like 2-1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 361 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein disulfide isomerase that may be required for proper pollen development, ovule fertilization and embryo development

Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family


This is Signal recognition particle 43 kDa protein, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 373 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Component of the chloroplast signal recognition particle pathway, Required for post-translational targeting of proteins into the thylakoid membrane but seems to be dispensable for co-translational targeting with a translating ribosome present, May be able to function independently of cpFTSY and FFC/cpSRP54 in targeting LHCPs to the thylakoids, Acts as a highly specific chaperone for LHCPs, preventing aggregation and being able to dissolve aggregates


This is Ribosomal RNA small subunit methyltransferase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 353 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

N6-adenine methyltransferase which modifies the AA dinucleotide at the plant nuclear 18S rRNA nucleotides A1785 and A1786 (PubMed:22829145), Required for generating appropriate patterns of gene expression during root development, including the cell-specific expression of transcriptional regulators involved in root hair and non-hair cells patterning (PubMed:22829145)

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family


This is Histone deacetylase 19 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 501 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events, Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes, HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response, Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous floral organ identity genes (PubMed:23034631), Involved in negative regulation of salinity stress response (PubMed:29018096), Represses the expression of stress tolerance-related genes, genes coding for late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins that prevent protein aggregation, and positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, such as ABI5 and NAC019 (PubMed:29018096)

Belongs to the histone deacetylase family, HD type 1 subfamily


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase STY8 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 546 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine protein kinase that specifically phosphorylates chloroplast precursor proteins in the cytosol within the cleavable presequences (transit peptides), May be part of a cytosolic regulatory network involved in chloroplast protein import, Does not phosphorylate mitochondrion precursor proteins, Specific for ATP and does not utilize other NTPs (PubMed:17090544, PubMed:16429265), Plays a role in chloroplast biogenesis and differentiation in cotyledons, possibly through phosphorylation of chloroplast preproteins (PubMed:21799034)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is WD-40 repeat-containing protein MSI4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 507 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA, Component of the flowering autonomous pathway which positively regulates flowering by promoting transcriptional repression of the flowering repressor FLC, May promote histone deacetylation at the FLC locus leading to the formation of repressive chromatin structures, Forms a histone deacetylase complex with HDA5, HDA6 and FLD that represses FLC gene expression to control flowering time (PubMed:25922987), Also negatively regulates cold-responsive genes, Acts together with PDP1 and MSI5 to regulate the function of the PRC2 complex on FLC (PubMed:29314758), Required for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) toward pathogenic bacteria (e,g, Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (avrPto)) (PubMed:32392578), Together with FLD and MSI4/FVE, contributes to dehydroabietinal-dependent (DA, a diterpenoid tricyclic diterpene) activation of flowering ans SAR (PubMed:32392578)

Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family


This is S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 404 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

S-sulfocysteine synthase that plays an important role in chloroplast function and is essential for light-dependent redox regulation and photosynthetic performance within the chloroplast (PubMed:20179139, PubMed:22829322, PubMed:23333972), Probably unable to interact with SAT and to form the decameric Cys synthase complex (CSC) required for O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (OAS-TL) enzymatic activity (PubMed:18223034), Lacks OAS-TL activity (PubMed:20179139)

Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta-synthase family


This is Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein RZ1B protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 292 amino acids, has 1 CCHC-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

CCHC-type

Binds RNA and DNA sequences non-specifically, May be involved in tolerance to cold stress


This is Basic leucine zipper 10 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 411 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Transcription factor that binds to the C-box-like motif (5'-TGCTGACGTCA-3') and G-box-like motif (5'-CCACGTGGCC-3'), ABRE elements, of gene promoters, Binds to the 5'-ACGT-3' motif of seed storage protein (SSP) encoding gene promoters (e,g, At2S and CRU3) and promotes their expression in seeds when in complex with ABI3 and BZIP53, Involved in the defense responses to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica and oxidative stress responses; mediates positively cell death (PubMed:12657652, PubMed:16957775, PubMed:19261733, PubMed:19531597), Promotes BZIP53-mediated response to hypoosmolarity stress that leads to POX1/PRODH1 accumulation (PubMed:16810321)


This is Tryptophan synthase alpha chain protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 275 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (By similarity), Contributes to the tryptophan-independent indole biosynthesis, and possibly to auxin production


This is Xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 461 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Xylosyltransferase specific to UDP-D-xylose that accepts both cellopentaose and cellohexaose as substrates, with a better use of cellohexaose, to produce xyloglucan, Adds preferentially the first xylosyl residue to the fourth glucosyl residue from the reducing end of both acceptors, Transfer one xylose mainly to the second glucose residue from the non-reducing end, The acceptor should have a minimum of four glucose residues (PubMed:16982611, PubMed:18544630), Associates with other xyloglucan-synthesizing enzymes to form multiprotein complexes for xyloglucan synthesis in the Golgi (PubMed:25392066)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 34 family


This is Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 homolog 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 525 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable ubiquitin-protein ligase which is mainly involved pre-mRNA splicing and DNA repair (By similarity), Component of the MAC complex that probably regulates defense responses through transcriptional control and thereby is essential for plant innate immunity


This is Multiple organellar RNA editing factor 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 219 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in plastid rRNA processing and consequently in translation and early chloroplast differentiation (PubMed:12678554), Involved in organellar RNA editing, Required for the processing of multiple editing sites in plastids (PubMed:22411807, PubMed:23818871)


This is Stearoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 9-desaturase 7, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 401 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Converts stearoyl-ACP to oleoyl-ACP by introduction of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the acyl chain, Required for the activation of certain jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated responses and the repression of the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway

Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 2 family


This is Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 660 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation, Acts in both the wax and cutin pathways, Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, linoleate and eicosenoate, Seems to have a specific activity against very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) class with acids longer than 24 carbons (C(24))

Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family


This is Transcription factor UPBEAT1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 102 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that modulates the balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation in root growth, Does not act through cytokinin and auxin signaling, but by repressing peroxidase expression in the elongation zone


This is Calvin cycle protein CP12-1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 124 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Acts as a linker essential in the assembly of a core complex of PRK/GAPDH, Coordinates the reversible inactivation of chloroplast enzymes GAPDH and PRK during darkness in photosynthetic tissues


This is Probable WRKY transcription factor 25 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 393 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor, Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis-acting element (By similarity), Functions with WRKY33 as positive regulator of salt stress response and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling (PubMed:18839316), Plays a partial role in heat stress tolerance (PubMed:19125253), Functions with WRKY26 and WRKY33 as positive regulator of plant thermotolerance by partially participating in ethylene-response signal transduction pathway (PubMed:21336597)


This is 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 418 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase which functions in phosphatidic acid biosynthesis, Is highly specific for lysophosphatidic acid and able to use different acyl-CoA donors, May regulate neutral lipid accumulation and participate in the regulation of lipid turnover in vegetative cells, Possesses additional triacylglycerol lipase and phospholipase A2 activities in vitro, Is not active as esterase or lysophospholipase

Belongs to the peptidase S33 family, ABHD4/ABHD5 subfamily


This is Probable inactive ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSHI 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 946 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Functions in chloroplast biogenesis and chloroplast division (PubMed:10417716, PubMed:22900897), Required for plastid development during embryogenesis (PubMed:22900897, PubMed:24964212), Might be involved in chaperone functions or play a structural role in the thylakoid FtsH complex (PubMed:12185496)

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M41 family


This is Thioredoxin-like protein HCF164, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 261 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that participates in various redox reactions in the chloroplast, Mediates the reduction of PSI-N in the thylakoid lumen, May interact and probably reduce other target proteins of the thylakoid membrane, such as FTSH2, FTSH8, LHCB5, atpA, atpB, atpE, petA and petC, Involved in the biogenesis of the plastid cytochrome b6f complex, Reducing equivalents are provided by stromal M-type thioredoxins and probably transduced through the thylakoid membrane by CCDA, Possesses low insulin disulfide bonds reducing activity


This is D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 559 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the oxidation of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate to 2-oxoglutarate, May be involved in the catabolism of propionyl-CoA derived from beta-oxidation, Involved in degradation of lysine for the supply of carbon and electrons to the ETF/ETFQO complex during dark-induced sugar starvation

Belongs to the FAD-binding oxidoreductase/transferase type 4 family


This is Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2, peroxisomal protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 240 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Able to isomerize both 3-cis and 3-trans double bonds into the 2-trans form in a range of enoyl-CoA species, Essential for the beta oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (PubMed:18657232), Involved with IBR1 and IBR3 in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to form indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a biologically active auxin (PubMed:20562230)

Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase BLUS1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 487 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Ser/Thr protein kinase mediating a primary step for phototropin signaling in guard cells, Essential for stomatal opening

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family, STE20 subfamily


This is PsbP domain-containing protein 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 287 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Photosystem I assembly factor that assists the proper folding and integration of PsaB and PsaA into the thylakoid membrane


This is Metalloendoproteinase 1-MMP protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 364 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or matrixins may play a role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during development or in response to stresses (PubMed:10574937), Can cleave myelin basic protein as well as fluorigenic peptide substrates, McaPLANvaDpaAR-NH(2) and McaPChaGNvaHADpa-NH(2) 4-fold more efficiently than McaPLGLDpaAR-NH(2) (QF24) (PubMed:10574937), Active on myelin basic protein (MBP) and, to some extent, on McaPLGLDpaAR-NH(2) (QF24) and beta-casein (PubMed:24156403)

Belongs to the peptidase M10A family, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) subfamily


This is pFDCC methylesterase MES16 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 262 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Involved in the chlorophyll breakdown by its action in fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (FCCs) demethylation (PubMed:22147518, PubMed:23723324, PubMed:24302623), Demethylates the C13(2)-carboxymethyl group present at the isocyclic ring of chlorophyll (PubMed:22147518), Uses primary fluorescent dioxobilin-type chlorophyll catabolite (pFDCC) as substrate to produce O13(4)-desmethyl pFDCC (PubMed:23723324, PubMed:24302623), Also able to catalyze pheophorbides in vitro (PubMed:22147518), Methylesterase shown to have carboxylesterase activity, methyl indole-3-acetic acid (MeIAA) esterase activity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) esterase activity in vitro (PubMed:18467465, PubMed:27109476)

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, Methylesterase family


This is Beta-amylase 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 548 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Beta-amylase activity, No alpha-amylase activity, Involved in cold resistance, Mediates the accumulation of maltose upon freezing stress, thus contributing to the protection of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, Plays a role in the circadian-regulated starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts, especially at night, More active on phosphorylated glucan, Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family


This is V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 623 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Catalytic subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase, V-ATPase vacuolar ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells

Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family


This is Type III polyketide synthase A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 395 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-CoA units with various CoA ester starter molecules to generate a diverse array of natural products including long-chain alkyl alpha-pyrones, Accepts up to C(20) chain-length fatty acyl CoAs as starter substrates, and carries out sequential condensations with malonyl-CoA to produce triketide and tetraketide alpha-pyrones, potential sporopollenin precursors (PubMed:19043200, PubMed:21193570), Favorite substrates for are midchain- and v-hydroxylated fatty acyl-CoAs (e,g, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA), Required for pollen development and sporopollenin biosynthesis, the major constituent of exine in the outer pollen wall (PubMed:21193570, PubMed:20442277), In vitro, can use 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A as substrate to produce bis-noryangonin and fatty acyl-coenzyme A as substrate to produce medium-chain alkyl pyrones, May play a role in both the synthesis of pollen fatty acids and phenolics found in exine (PubMed:20442277)

Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily, Chalcone/stilbene synthases family


This is Translocase of chloroplast 33, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 297 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

GTPase involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts, Seems to recognize chloroplast-destined precursor proteins and regulate their presentation to the translocation channel through GTP hydrolysis, Binds GTP, GDP, XTP, but not ATP, Probably specialized in the import of nuclear encoded photosynthetic preproteins from the cytoplasm to the chloroplast, especially during early development stages

Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily, AIG1/Toc34/Toc159-like paraseptin GTPase family, TOC34 subfamily


This is Protoporphyrinogen oxidase, mitochondrial protein, from Common tobacco, contains 504 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Provides precursor for the mitochondrial and plastidic heme synthesis and the predominant chlorophyll synthesis in plastids

Belongs to the protoporphyrinogen/coproporphyrinogen oxidase family, Protoporphyrinogen oxidase subfamily


This is Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 371 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin, Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins, Required for the correct development of pollen


This is Histone deacetylase HDT1 protein, from Maize, contains 307 amino acids, has 1 C2H2-type; degenerate Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2H2-type; degenerate

Mediates the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events, Able to deacetylate all 4 core histones

Belongs to the histone deacetylase HD2 family


This is 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Maize, contains 604 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity, Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids, Not active on the all-trans isomers of violaxanthin and neoxanthin, Contributes probably to abscisic acid synthesis for the induction of seed dormancy

Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family


This is RNA polymerase sigma factor sigC protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 571 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) to specific initiation sites and are then released


This is RNA polymerase sigma factor sigA protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 502 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Essential protein, Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) to specific initiation sites and are then released, Controls the transcription of the psaA gene and thus modulates photosystem stoichiometry, Thereby maintains a harmonious electron flow and photosynthetic efficiency


This is Homologous-pairing protein 2 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 217 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays an important role in meiotic recombination, Stimulates DMC1-mediated strand exchange required for pairing homologous chromosomes during meiosis, The complex PSMC3IP/MND1 binds DNA, stimulates the recombinase activity of DMC1 as well as DMC1 D-loop formation from double-strand DNA, This complex stabilizes presynaptic RAD51 and DMC1 filaments formed on single strand DNA to capture double-strand DNA, This complex stimulates both synaptic and presynaptic critical steps in RAD51 and DMC1-promoted homologous pairing, May inhibit HIV-1 viral protein TAT activity and modulate the activity of proteasomes through association with PSMC3


This is Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase 1 protein, from Rat, contains 461 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDP-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an essential intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol (PubMed:9083091, PubMed:9345289, PubMed:29253589, PubMed:30862571), Exhibits almost no acyl chain preference for PA, showing no discrimination for the sn-1/sn-2 acyl chain composition of PAs (By similarity), Plays an important role in regulatinng the growth of lipid droplets which are storage organelles at the center of lipid and energy homeostasis (By similarity), Positively regulates the differentiation and development of adipocytes (By similarity)


This is Lysosome membrane protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 478 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as a lysosomal receptor for glucosylceramidase (GBA1) targeting


This is Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 541 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds the telomeric double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeat and plays a central role in telomere maintenance and protection against end-to-end fusion of chromosomes, In addition to its telomeric DNA-binding role, required to recruit a number of factors and enzymes required for telomere protection, including the shelterin complex, TERF2IP/RAP1 and DCLRE1B/Apollo, Component of the shelterin complex (telosome) that is involved in the regulation of telomere length and protection, Shelterin associates with arrays of double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' repeats added by telomerase and protects chromosome ends; without its protective activity, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways, Together with DCLRE1B/Apollo, plays a key role in telomeric loop (T loop) formation by generating 3' single-stranded overhang at the leading end telomeres: T loops have been proposed to protect chromosome ends from degradation and repair, Required both to recruit DCLRE1B/Apollo to telomeres and activate the exonuclease activity of DCLRE1B/Apollo, Preferentially binds to positive supercoiled DNA, Together with DCLRE1B/Apollo, required to control the amount of DNA topoisomerase (TOP1, TOP2A and TOP2B) needed for telomere replication during fork passage and prevent aberrant telomere topology, Recruits TERF2IP/RAP1 to telomeres, thereby participating in to repressing homology-directed repair (HDR), which can affect telomere length


This is Pituitary homeobox 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 302 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development, In addition to its importance during development, it also has roles in the long-term survival and maintenance of the mdDA neurons, Activates NR4A2/NURR1-mediated transcription of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons, Acts by decreasing the interaction of NR4A2/NURR1 with the corepressor NCOR2/SMRT which acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep promoters of NR4A2/NURR1 target genes in a repressed deacetylated state, Essential for the normal lens development and differentiation, Plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitotic activity of lens epithelial cells, fiber cell differentiation and in the control of the temporal and spatial activation of fiber cell-specific crystallins, Positively regulates FOXE3 expression and negatively regulates PROX1 in the anterior lens epithelium, preventing activation of CDKN1B/P27Kip1 and CDKN1C/P57Kip2 and thus maintains lens epithelial cells in cell cycle

Belongs to the paired homeobox family, Bicoid subfamily


This is Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2 protein, from Rat, contains 212 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Involved in transport of proteins from the cis/medial-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network


This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 497 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself, Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1 and KCNB2; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1 and KCNB2 (PubMed:9305895)

Belongs to the potassium channel family, S (TC 1,A,1,2) subfamily, Kv9,1/KCNS1 sub-subfamily


This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 477 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Belongs to the potassium channel family, S (TC 1,A,1,2) subfamily, Kv9,2/KCNS2 sub-subfamily


This is Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 protein, from Rat, contains 481 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Acts as a phosphoinositide 5- and phosphoinositide 6-phosphatase and regulates cellular levels of inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), Also acts as a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphatase, by mediating the dephosphorylation of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) to produce phospho-D-glycerate without formation of 3-phosphoglycerate, May play a role in bone development (endochondral ossification), May play a role in the transition of chondrocytes from proliferation to hypertrophy (By similarity), Through the regulation of intracellular inositol polyphosphates, may control intracellular cation homeostasis, including that of calcium and iron, hence affecting free cation availability required for neural cell signaling (By similarity)

Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family, MINPP1 subfamily


This is ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX15 protein, from Mouse, contains 795 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

RNA helicase involved in mRNA processing and antiviral innate immunity (PubMed:26494172, PubMed:34161762), Pre-mRNA processing factor involved in disassembly of spliceosomes after the release of mature mRNA (By similarity), In cooperation with TFIP11 seem to be involved in the transition of the U2, U5 and U6 snRNP-containing IL complex to the snRNP-free IS complex leading to efficient debranching and turnover of excised introns (By similarity), Plays a key role in antiviral innate immunity by promoting both MAVS-dependent signaling and NLRP6 inflammasome (PubMed:26494172), Acts as an RNA virus sensor: recognizes and binds viral double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and activates the MAVS-dependent signaling to produce interferon-beta and interferon lambda-3 (IFNL3) (By similarity), Involved in intestinal antiviral innate immunity together with NLRP6: recognizes and binds viral dsRNA and promotes activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome in intestinal epithelial cells to restrict infection by enteric viruses (PubMed:26494172, PubMed:34678144, PubMed:34161762), The NLRP6 inflammasome acts by promoting maturation and secretion of IL18 in the extracellular milieu (PubMed:34161762), Also involved in antibacterial innate immunity by promoting Wnt-induced antimicrobial protein expression in Paneth cells (PubMed:33483420)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DEAH subfamily, DDX15/PRP43 sub-subfamily


This is Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter protein, from Mouse, contains 621 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of taurine (PubMed:1465453, PubMed:9375654, PubMed:30270321), Can also mediate transport of hypotaurine, beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (PubMed:1465453, PubMed:9375654, PubMed:30270321)

Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2,A,22) family, SLC6A6 subfamily


This is Interferon-activable protein 203 protein, from Mouse, contains 408 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is Acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A protein, from Mouse, contains 247 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Multifunctional protein that is involved in the regulation of many processes including tumor suppression, apoptosis, cell cycle progression or transcription, Promotes apoptosis by favouring the activation of caspase-9/CASP9 and allowing apoptosome formation, In addition, plays a role in the modulation of histone acetylation and transcription as part of the INHAT (inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases) complex, Inhibits the histone-acetyltranferase activity of EP300/CREBBP (CREB-binding protein) and EP300/CREBBP-associated factor by histone masking, Preferentially binds to unmodified histone H3 and sterically inhibiting its acetylation and phosphorylation leading to cell growth inhibition (PubMed:29467488), Participates in other biochemical processes such as regulation of mRNA nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation and stability by its association with ELAVL1 (Hu-antigen R), Plays a role in E4F1-mediated transcriptional repression as well as inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (By similarity) (PubMed:17557114, PubMed:29467488)


This is X-box-binding protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 267 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Functions as a stress-inducible potent transcriptional activator during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by inducing unfolded protein response (UPR) target genes via binding to the UPR element (UPRE), Up-regulates target genes encoding ER chaperones and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components to enhance the capacity of productive folding and degradation mechanism, respectively, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the ER under ER stress (PubMed:11850408, PubMed:14559994), Plays a role in the production of immunoglobulins and interleukin-6 in the presence of stimuli required for plasma cell differentiation, and promotes as well membrane phospholipid biosynthesis necessary for ER expansion (PubMed:12612580, PubMed:17213183), Contributes to the VEGF-induced endothelial cell (EC) growth and proliferation in a Akt/GSK-dependent and/or -independent signaling pathway, respectively, leading to beta-catenin nuclear translocation and E2F2 gene expression, Promotes umbilical vein EC apoptosis and atherosclerotisis development in a caspase-dependent signaling pathway, and contributes to VEGF-induced EC proliferation and angiogenesis in adult tissues under ischemic conditions, Involved in the regulation of endostatin-induced autophagy in EC through BECN1 transcriptional activation, Plays a role as an oncogene by promoting tumor progression: stimulates zinc finger protein SNAI1 transcription to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition, cell migration and invasion of breast cancer cells (By similarity), Involved in adipocyte differentiation by regulating lipogenic gene expression during lactation (PubMed:23623498, PubMed:25223794), Plays a role in the survival of both dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), by maintaining protein homeostasis and of myeloma cells (PubMed:12902539, PubMed:24753614), Increases insulin sensitivity in the liver as a response to a high carbohydrate diet, resulting in improved glucose tolerance (PubMed:20348926), Improves also glucose homeostasis in an ER stress- and/or insulin-independent manner through both binding and proteasome-induced degradation of the transcription factor FOXO1, hence resulting in suppression of gluconeogenic genes expression and in a reduction of blood glucose levels (PubMed:21317886), Controls the induction of de novo fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes by regulating the expression of a subset of lipogenic genes in an ER stress- and UPR-independent manner (PubMed:18556558), Binds to the 5'-CCACG-3' motif in the PPARG promoter (PubMed:25223794), Associates preferentially to the HDAC3 gene promoter region in a disturbed flow-dependent manner, Binds to the BECN1 gene promoter region, Binds to the CDH5/VE-cadherin gene promoter region, Binds to the ER stress response element (ERSE) upon ER stress (By similarity)


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP8 protein, from Mouse, contains 402 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Constitutively inactive PPiase, which becomes active when bound to calmodulin and calcium, Seems to act as a chaperone for BCL2, targets it to the mitochondria and modulates its phosphorylation state, The BCL2/FKBP8/calmodulin/calcium complex probably interferes with the binding of BCL2 to its targets, The active form of FKBP8 may therefore play a role in the regulation of apoptosis (By similarity), Required for normal embryonic development


This is Antizyme inhibitor 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 448 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Antizyme inhibitor (AZI) protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake, AZI is an enzymatically inactive ODC homolog that counteracts the negative effect of ODC antizymes (AZs) OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC activity by competing with ODC for antizyme-binding (PubMed:16916800, PubMed:18062773, PubMed:18508777), Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC degradation and releases ODC monomers from their inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC homodimer and restoring polyamine production (PubMed:10698696, PubMed:18062773, PubMed:18369191)

Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family, ODC antizyme inhibitor subfamily


This is Dual specificity protein kinase CLK4 protein, from Mouse, contains 481 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine and tyrosine-containing substrates, Phosphorylates serine- and arginine-rich (SR) proteins of the spliceosomal complex and may be a constituent of a network of regulatory mechanisms that enable SR proteins to control RNA splicing, Phosphorylates SRSF1 and SRSF3, Required for the regulation of alternative splicing of MAPT/TAU, Regulates the alternative splicing of tissue factor (F3) pre-mRNA in endothelial cells

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, Lammer subfamily


This is EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 protein, from Rat, contains 493 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Binds EGFR, the EGF receptor, inducing EGFR autophosphorylation and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, May play a role in cell adhesion and migration, May function as a negative regulator of chondrocyte differentiation, In the olfactory epithelium, it may regulate glial cell migration, differentiation and the ability of glial cells to support neuronal neurite outgrowth


This is Matrilin-3 protein, from Mouse, contains 481 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Major component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage and may play a role in the formation of extracellular filamentous networks


This is Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 473 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) (PubMed:28100772), The heterodimer formed with SPTLC2 or SPTLC3 constitutes the catalytic core, The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference, The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSA complex shows a strong preference for C16-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSA isozyme uses both C14-CoA and C16-CoA as substrates, The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex displays a strong preference for C18-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSB isozyme has the ability to use a broader range of acyl-CoAs (By similarity), Required for adipocyte cell viability and metabolic homeostasis (PubMed:28100772)

Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase protein, from Rat, contains 722 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulates and initiates biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids, Required for normal sialylation in hematopoietic cells, Sialylation is implicated in cell adhesion, signal transduction, tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells, Plays an essential role in early development (By similarity)

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family


This is Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 271 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle, This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle, Condensing enzyme that exhibits activity toward saturated and unsaturated acyl-CoA substrates with higher activity toward C18 acyl-CoAs, especially C18:0 acyl-CoAs, May participate in the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators, Participates in the formation of certain VLCFA and triglycerides in certain cells of the hair follicles and the sebaceous glands, required for skin barrier function, Critical enzyme for lipid accumulation and metabolic activity in brown adipocytes during the early phase of the tissue recruitment, Plays a role in lipid storage and in resistance to diet-induced obesity

Belongs to the ELO family, ELOVL3 subfamily


This is Ras-related protein Rab-33B protein, from Mouse, contains 229 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Protein transport, Acts, in coordination with RAB6A, to regulate intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking (By similarity), It is involved in autophagy, acting as a modulator of autophagosome formation

Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family


This is Septin homolog spn1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 469 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a role in the cell cycle, Involved in a late stage of septum formation leading to the separation of the daughter cells

Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily, Septin GTPase family


This is Transcription factor Sox-17-beta.1 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 373 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator, Doesn't appear to bind to the consensus 5'-AACAAT-3' DNA binding site, but binds 5'-ATTGTT-3', All of the sox17 proteins are required for embryonic endoderm development and gastrulation movements, and show some redundancy in function, In addition, the sox17 proteins have distinct but overlapping roles in later gut development, Acts downstream of vegt-signaling in endoderm differentiation to induce a range of endodermal genes both directly and indirectly, Also represses wnt-responsive genes to inhibit wnt/beta-catenin-mediated signaling


This is DNA replication licensing factor mcm10 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 593 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for DNA synthesis, Required for entry into or completion of S phase, Involved in DNA replication and seems to participate in the activation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and in transcription elongation, May play a role as key coordinator in assembling the replication fork, Proposed to function at replication origins following the binding of the mcm2-7 complex prior to the recruitment of sna41, Probably is required to stimulate phosphorylation of the mcm2-7 complex by the dfp1-hsk1 kinase complex, May recruit the DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex to replication origins and is required to maintain it on chromatin independently of sna41, May have primase activity, Binds to single-stranded DNA


This is Feruloyl esterase A protein, from Aspergillus niger, contains 281 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Involved in degradation of plant cell walls, Hydrolyzes the feruloyl-arabinose ester bond in arabinoxylans, and the feruloyl-galactose ester bond in pectin, Binds to cellulose

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, FaeA family


This is Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II protein, from Fission yeast, contains 504 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Has a role in the regulation of G2/M transition during the mitotic cell cycle

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CaMK subfamily


This is Mitotic checkpoint protein bub3 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 320 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in cell cycle checkpoint enforcement, Involved in recruitment of checkpoint proteins bub1 and mad3 to the kinetochores, ensuring correct spindle checkpoint function


This is RNA-binding post-transcriptional regulator cip1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 490 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulates global gene expression after oxidative stress, Interacts and stabilizes mRNAs and may regulate their transition between different cytoplasmic components after oxidative stress


This is U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein LSm5 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 80 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of LSm protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing and may function in a chaperone-like manner, LSm5 is required for processing of pre-tRNAs, pre-rRNAs and U3 snoRNA (By similarity)


This is CENP-A recruiting complex protein mis19 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 112 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the CENP-A recruiting complex that ensures the integrity of mitotic spindles through maintenance of kinetochore factors mis6/CENP-I and cnp1/CENP-A (PubMed:24774534, PubMed:24789708, PubMed:25375240), Links mis16 and mis18 to recruit CENP-A through interacting with non-sense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factors and the SWI/SNF complex (PubMed:24774534), Links also mis18 with the CCAN/mis6/ctf19 complex to promote CENP-A assembly (PubMed:24789708)


This is C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial protein, from Fission yeast, contains 972 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the formate--tetrahydrofolate ligase family


This is Forkhead protein sep1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 663 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for promoter sequence element PCB-driven, M-phase-specific transcription, Acts as a transcriptional activator with a role in the regulation of mitosis, Regulates septation and the periodic transcription of cdc15


This is Monopolin complex subunit mde4 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 421 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

The monopolin-like pcs1/mde4 complex is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis II, May clamp together microtubule binding sites on the same kinetochore, preventing merotelic attachment of microtubules


This is DNA repair and telomere maintenance protein nbs1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 613 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for DNA damage repair and S-phase DNA damage checkpoint, Involved in telomere length maintenance and maintenance of chromatin structure


This is mRNA cap guanine-N7 methyltransferase protein, from Human, contains 476 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Catalytic subunit of the mRNA-capping methyltransferase RNMT:RAMAC complex that methylates the N7 position of the added guanosine to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs (PubMed:9790902, PubMed:9705270, PubMed:10347220, PubMed:11114884, PubMed:22099306, PubMed:27422871), Binds RNA containing 5'-terminal GpppC (PubMed:11114884)

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, mRNA cap 0 methyltransferase family


This is Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 8 protein, from Human, contains 456 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential component of the eNoSC (energy-dependent nucleolar silencing) complex, a complex that mediates silencing of rDNA in response to intracellular energy status and acts by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes, The eNoSC complex is able to sense the energy status of cell: upon glucose starvation, elevation of NAD(+)/NADP(+) ratio activates SIRT1, leading to histone H3 deacetylation followed by dimethylation of H3 at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) by SUV39H1 and the formation of silent chromatin in the rDNA locus, In the complex, RRP8 binds to H3K9me2 and probably acts as a methyltransferase, Its substrates are however unknown

Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily, RRP8 family


This is U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 protein, from Human, contains 522 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex that is involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex)


This is NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 175 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis, Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone

Belongs to the complex I NDUFS4 subunit family


This is Rho GTPase-activating protein 6 protein, from Human, contains 974 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

GTPase activator for the Rho-type GTPases by converting them to an inactive GDP-bound state, Could regulate the interactions of signaling molecules with the actin cytoskeleton, Promotes continuous elongation of cytoplasmic processes during cell motility and simultaneous retraction of the cell body changing the cell morphology


This is U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP-associated protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 800 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a role in mRNA splicing as a component of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome, May also bind to DNA


This is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor attachment 1 protein protein, from Human, contains 621 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Essential for GPI-anchoring of precursor proteins but not for GPI synthesis, Acts before or during formation of the carbonyl intermediate


This is Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 protein, from Human, contains 516 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for CDC42, Promotes formation of GPHN clusters (By similarity)


This is ATM interactor protein, from Human, contains 823 amino acids, has 1 C2H2-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2H2-type 2; degenerate Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2H2-type 2; degenerate

Transcription factor, Plays a crucial role in cell survival and RAD51 foci formation in response to methylating DNA damage, Involved in regulating the activity of ATM in the absence of DNA damage, May play a role in stabilizing ATM, Binds to the DYNLL1 promoter and activates its transcription


This is ER membrane protein complex subunit 8 protein, from Human, contains 210 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins (PubMed:30415835, PubMed:29809151, PubMed:29242231, PubMed:32459176, PubMed:32439656), Preferentially accommodates proteins with transmembrane domains that are weakly hydrophobic or contain destabilizing features such as charged and aromatic residues (PubMed:30415835, PubMed:29809151, PubMed:29242231), Involved in the cotranslational insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become ER membrane spanning helices (PubMed:30415835, PubMed:29809151), It is also required for the post-translational insertion of tail-anchored/TA proteins in endoplasmic reticulum membranes (PubMed:29809151, PubMed:29242231), By mediating the proper cotranslational insertion of N-terminal transmembrane domains in an N-exo topology, with translocated N-terminus in the lumen of the ER, controls the topology of multi-pass membrane proteins like the G protein-coupled receptors (PubMed:30415835), By regulating the insertion of various proteins in membranes, it is indirectly involved in many cellular processes (Probable)


This is Protein Mis18-beta protein, from Human, contains 229 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for recruitment of CENPA to centromeres and normal chromosome segregation during mitosis


This is Beta-1,4-glucuronyltransferase 1 protein, from Human, contains 415 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Beta-1,4-glucuronyltransferase involved in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) (PubMed:19587235, PubMed:23359570, PubMed:25279699, PubMed:25279697), Transfers a glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue onto a xylose (Xyl) acceptor to produce the glucuronyl-beta-1,4-xylose-beta disaccharide primer, which is further elongated by LARGE1, during synthesis of phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan (PubMed:25279699, PubMed:25279697), Phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan is a carbohydrate structure present in alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1), which is required for binding laminin G-like domain-containing extracellular proteins with high affinity (PubMed:25279699, PubMed:25279697), Required for axon guidance; via its function in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) (By similarity)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 49 family


This is Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6 protein, from Human, contains 496 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transforming growth factor-beta superfamily receptors signaling occurs through the Smad family of intracellular mediators, SMAD6 is an inhibitory Smad (i-Smad) that negatively regulates signaling downstream of type I transforming growth factor-beta (PubMed:9436979, PubMed:16951688, PubMed:22275001, PubMed:9759503, PubMed:10647776, PubMed:10708948, PubMed:10708949, PubMed:30848080), Acts as a mediator of TGF-beta and BMP anti-inflammatory activities, Suppresses IL1R-TLR signaling through its direct interaction with PEL1, preventing NF-kappa-B activation, nuclear transport and NF-kappa-B-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory genes (PubMed:16951688), Blocks the BMP-SMAD1 signaling pathway by competing with SMAD4 for receptor-activated SMAD1-binding (PubMed:9436979, PubMed:30848080), Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions (PubMed:16491121)


This is Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 protein, from Human, contains 720 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins, Contributes to the formation of the cornified cell envelope of keratinocytes

Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily, Transglutaminase family


This is Linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 protein, from Human, contains 262 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Required for TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)- and pre-TCR-mediated signaling, both in mature T-cells and during their development (PubMed:25907557, PubMed:23514740), Involved in FCGR3 (low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III)-mediated signaling in natural killer cells and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells, Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events such as mobilization of intracellular calcium stores, PKC activation, MAPK activation or cytoskeletal reorganization through the recruitment of PLCG1, GRB2, GRAP2, and other signaling molecules


This is LIM domain-binding protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 373 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription cofactor, Binds to the LIM domain of a wide variety of LIM domain-containing transcription factors


This is Glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase subunit C, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 136 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in the mitochondria, The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln)


This is HIV Tat-specific factor 1 protein, from Human, contains 755 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Functions as a general transcription factor playing a role in the process of transcriptional elongation, May mediate the reciprocal stimulatory effect of splicing on transcriptional elongation, In case of infection by HIV-1, it is up-regulated by the HIV-1 proteins NEF and gp120, acts as a cofactor required for the Tat-enhanced transcription of the virus


This is Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 protein, from Human, contains 588 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Dual-specificity protein kinase that promotes disassembly of several types of membraneless organelles during mitosis, such as stress granules, nuclear speckles and pericentriolar material (PubMed:29973724), Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) autophosphorylate a critical tyrosine residue in their activation loop and phosphorylate their substrate on serine and threonine residues (PubMed:9748265, PubMed:29634919), Acts as a central dissolvase of membraneless organelles during the G2-to-M transition, after the nuclear-envelope breakdown: acts by mediating phosphorylation of multiple serine and threonine residues in unstructured domains of proteins, such as SRRM1 and PCM1 (PubMed:29973724), Does not mediate disassembly of all membraneless organelles: disassembly of P-body and nucleolus is not regulated by DYRK3 (PubMed:29973724), Dissolution of membraneless organelles at the onset of mitosis is also required to release mitotic regulators, such as ZNF207, from liquid-unmixed organelles where they are sequestered and keep them dissolved during mitosis (PubMed:29973724), Regulates mTORC1 by mediating the dissolution of stress granules: during stressful conditions, DYRK3 partitions from the cytosol to the stress granule, together with mTORC1 components, which prevents mTORC1 signaling (PubMed:23415227), When stress signals are gone, the kinase activity of DYRK3 is required for the dissolution of stress granule and mTORC1 relocation to the cytosol: acts by mediating the phosphorylation of the mTORC1 inhibitor AKT1S1, allowing full reactivation of mTORC1 signaling (PubMed:23415227), Also acts as a negative regulator of EPO-dependent erythropoiesis: may place an upper limit on red cell production during stress erythropoiesis (PubMed:10779429), Inhibits cell death due to cytokine withdrawal in hematopoietic progenitor cells (PubMed:10779429), Promotes cell survival upon genotoxic stress through phosphorylation of SIRT1: this in turn inhibits p53/TP53 activity and apoptosis (PubMed:20167603)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MNB/DYRK subfamily


This is U3 small nucleolar RNA-interacting protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 475 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of a nucleolar small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP) thought to participate in the processing and modification of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) (PubMed:26867678), Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit, During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome (PubMed:34516797)


This is Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A4 protein, from Human, contains 429 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Inorganic phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate antiporter of the endoplasmic reticulum, Transports cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphate into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and translocates inorganic phosphate into the opposite direction (PubMed:33964207), Forms with glucose-6-phosphatase the complex responsible for glucose production through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, Hence, it plays a central role in homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2,A,1,4) family


This is Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 14 protein, from Human, contains 449 amino acids, has 5 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator of the dopamine transporter (DAT), binding it's promoter at the consensus sequence 5'-CCTGCACAGTTCACGGA-3', Binds to 5'-d(GCC)(n)-3' trinucleotide repeats in promoter regions and acts as a repressor of the FMR1 gene, Transcriptional repressor of MYC and thymidine kinase promoters

Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is Exostosin-like 3 protein, from Human, contains 919 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Receptor for REG3A, REG3B and REG3G, induces the activation of downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT or RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway (PubMed:22727489, PubMed:34099862, PubMed:27830702), Required for the function of REG3A in regulating keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation (PubMed:22727489), Required for the inhibition of skin inflammation mediated by REGA through the activation of PI3K-AKT-STAT3 pathway (PubMed:27830702), Required for the function of REGA and REG3G in glucose tolerance in pancreas (PubMed:19158046), Expressed in microglia, is activated by nociceptor-derived REG3G in response to endotoxins, leading to the inhibition of kynurenine pathway to prevent endotoxic death (By similarity)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family


This is H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit 4 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 508 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a central role in ribosomal RNA processing, Probable catalytic subunit of H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP) complex, which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA, This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1, Pseudouridine ('psi') residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs, Required for maintenance of the germline stem cell lineage during spermatogenesis

Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family


This is Phenoloxidase subunit 1 protein, from Tobacco hawkmoth, contains 685 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds, Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6 dihydroxyindole to indole-5'6 quinone, Binds to the surface of hemocytes and is involved in hemocyte melanization


This is 3'-5' exonuclease eri-1 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 582 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RNA exonuclease that acts as a negative regulator of RNA interference (RNAi) (PubMed:14961122), Probably acts by degrading the 3'-overhangs of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) (PubMed:14961122), Component of the ERI/DICER complex which is involved in processing amplified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates during small-RNA-mediated gene-silencing or RNA interference (RNAi) (Probable)


This is GLH-binding kinase 1 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 390 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase which is an essential component of the JNK pathway composed of mlk-1, mek-1 and kgb-1 (PubMed:15116070, PubMed:22554143, PubMed:23352664), Phosphorylates the transcription factor fos-1 which prevents fos-1 dimerization and promoter binding and results in activation of target genes including F53A9,2/kreg-1 and lys-3/kreg-2 (PubMed:23437011), Phosphorylates jun-1 and activates the AP-1 transcription factor which is a heterodimer of jun-1 and fos-1 (PubMed:23352664), Phosphorylates glh-1 in vitro which may play a role in controlling glh-1 protein levels in the germline by targeting it for degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:17699606), Required for oogenesis and probably also for spermatogenesis (PubMed:12435362), Involved in the response to environmental stress such as heavy metals, infection and protein folding stress in an age-dependent manner (PubMed:15116070, PubMed:22554143), In larvae, has a protective role which becomes detrimental in adults (PubMed:22554143), May control susceptibility to infection, heavy metal stress and premature lethality by regulating daf-16 cellular localization (PubMed:22554143), Involved in the transcriptional response to bacterial pore-forming toxins and to fasting (PubMed:15256590, PubMed:21408619, PubMed:23352664), Required for fasting-induced longevity (PubMed:23352664), Involved in axon regeneration after injury downstream of tyrosine receptor svh-2 (PubMed:21670305, PubMed:22388962)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase subfamily


This is Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 681 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit (By similarity), Has a role in regulating longevity, growth and brood size (PubMed:24552710), May regulate fat storage via the insulin/IGF pathway (PubMed:24552710)

Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily, OBG GTPase family, NOG subfamily


This is Meiotic spindle formation protein 2 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 280 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Forms a heterodimeric complex in conjunction with mei-1 which severs microtubules in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner, This activity may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays, May act to target mei-1 within the cell, Required specifically for meiotic spindle formation in the female germline


This is Protein sprouty protein, from Fruit fly, contains 589 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Inhibitor of tracheal branching that restricts branch budding by antagonizing the BNL-FGF pathway (BNL: branchless, an fgf inducer of branching), Acts as an antagonist of EGFR-mediated signaling in the eye (where it is important for cell determination) midline glia, chordotonal organs, wing and ovarian follicle cells


This is D-aspartate oxidase 1 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 334 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Selectively catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-aspartate and its N-methylated derivative, N-methyl D-aspartate, Highest catalytic efficiency for D-Glu followed by D-Asp and NMDA, May play a role in the egg-laying events and early development of the worm, in addition to quality control of the germ cells


This is Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-1 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 212 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures, All 5 eIF4E proteins bind monomethyl cap structures, Only ife-1, ife-2 and ife-5 bind trimethyl cap structures which result from trans-splicing, Translation of trimethyl cap structure mRNAs may be regulated by intracellular redox state; disulfide bonds change the width and depth of the cap-binding cavity determining selectivity to mRNA caps, Required for progression through meiotic divisions during spermatogenesis and for the production of viable sperm, It is not required during oogenesis

Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family


This is U1-agatoxin-Ta1a protein, from Hobo spider, contains 68 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Toxin that paralyzes insects, May have a direct effect on the insect central nervous system

Belongs to the helical arthropod-neuropeptide-derived (HAND) family


This is Homeobox protein homothorax protein, from Fruit fly, contains 487 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle, Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development, Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac, Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd), Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt the polarization-sensitive 'dorsal rim area' (DRA) of the eye fate instead of the color-sensitive default state, This occurs by increasing rhabdomere size and uncoupling R7-R8 communication to allow both cells to express the same opsin rather than different ones as required for color vision

Belongs to the TALE/MEIS homeobox family


This is Protein POLYCHOME protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 259 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase required for proper mitotic progression and cell fate determination; inhibits premature cell differentiation, Prevents DNA endoreplication by promoting the maintenance of the mitotic state by preferentially inhibiting APC/C(FZR) and triggering cyclins accumulation (e,g, CYCB1-1, CYCB1-2 and CYCA2-3) in a temporal manner, Required for megagametophyte and endosperm development, Counteracts the activity of CCS52A1 thus inhibiting the turnover of CYCA2-3, Confers immunity to bacterial pathogens (e,g, Pseudomonas syringae pv, tomato DC3000), which is associated with increased expression of disease resistance (R) genes


This is Thioredoxin M1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 179 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase involved in the redox regulation of enzymes of both reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin-Benson cycle) and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, Under reducing conditions, activates the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the phosphoribulokinase, and inhibits, the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Activates NADP-malate dehydrogenase

Belongs to the thioredoxin family, Plant M-type subfamily


This is Protochlorophyllide reductase C, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 401 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Phototransformation of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide)

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family, POR subfamily


This is Heme oxygenase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 282 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Key enzyme in the synthesis of the chromophore of the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors, Catalyzes the opening of the heme ring to form the open-chain tetrapyrrole biliverdin IX with the release of iron and carbon monoxide (CO), Produces specifically the biliverdin IX-alpha isomer, Can form complex with heme, is ferredoxin-dependent and its activity is increased in the presence of ascorbate, Plays a role in salt acclimation signaling, May affect the plastid-to-nucleus signaling pathway by perturbing tetrapyrrole synthesis, The plastid-to-nucleus signal plays an important role in the coordinated expression of both nuclear- and chloroplast-localized genes that encode photosynthesis-related proteins


This is Stomatal closure-related actin-binding protein 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 496 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plant-specific actin binding protein that bundles and stabilizes microfilaments (MFs), Has no nucleation or capping activity, Regulates MF reorganization during stomatal closure, The binding to F-actin is insensitive to Ca(2+) and pH, Binds weakly to inositol phosphates (PubMed:22356912)


This is Transcriptional corepressor LEUNIG_HOMOLOG protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 787 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription repressor subunit of the SEU-SLK1 and SEU-SLK2 transcriptional corepressor of abiotic stress (e,g, salt and osmotic stress) response genes, by means of an epigenetic process involving histone modification (e,g, H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation), probably by recruiting HDAC, to facilitate the condensation of chromatin thus preventing transcription at the target genes (PubMed:24564815), Can also act as a transcription activator (PubMed:21518777), Implicated in embryo and floral development (PubMed:18390806), Involved in post-synthesis cell wall modifications necessary for mucilage extrusion from seeds upon imbibition, probably by promoting the expression of genes required for mucilage maturation (e,g, MUM2) (PubMed:11706181, PubMed:21362134, PubMed:21402796, PubMed:21518777), Regulates the maintenance on leaf polarity and meristem activity as well as the initiation of embryonic shoot apical meristem (SAM) development (PubMed:19837869)


This is UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 477 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the biosynthesis of sulfolipids found in thylakoid membranes, Converts UDP-glucose and sulfite to the sulfolipid head group precursor UDP-sulfoquinovose

Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family


This is Adenylyl-sulfate kinase 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 293 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the synthesis of activated sulfate, Essential for plant reproduction and viability, Required for the production of glucosinolates


This is NAC transcription factor 29 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 268 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator that binds to, and transactivates the promoter of the abscisic aldehyde oxidase AAO3, Promotes chlorophyll degradation in leaves by enhancing transcription of AAO3, which leads to increased levels of the senescence-inducing hormone abscisic acid (ABA) (PubMed:25516602), Involved in the control of dehydration in senescing leaves, Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-CACGTAAGT-3' of SAG113 promoter, SAG113 acts as negative regulator of ABA signaling for stomatal closure in leaves, and controls water loss during leaf senescence (PubMed:22184656), Transcription factor of the NAC family involved in senescence, May function in the transition between active cell division and cell expansion (PubMed:16640597), Required for normal seed development and morphology (PubMed:18849494)


This is Allantoate deiminase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 525 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Involved in the catabolism of purine nucleotides, Can use allantoate as substrate, but not Nalpha-carbamoyl-L-Asp, Nalpha-carbamoyl-L-Ala or Nalpha-carbamoyl-Gly, The sequential activity of AAH, UGLYAH and UAH allows a complete purine breakdown without the intermediate generation of urea (PubMed:16496096, PubMed:18065556, PubMed:19935661, PubMed:23940254), Involved in the regulation of seed maturation and seed dormancy (PubMed:35861030)


This is ADP,ATP carrier protein 3, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 379 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

ADP:ATP antiporter that mediates import of ADP into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP synthesis, and export of ATP out to fuel the cell (By similarity), Cycles between the cytoplasmic-open state (c-state) and the matrix-open state (m-state): operates by the alternating access mechanism with a single substrate-binding site intermittently exposed to either the cytosolic (c-state) or matrix (m-state) side of the inner mitochondrial membrane (By similarity)

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 603 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB), Required for mature pollen development

Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family


This is CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-related protein 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 75 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Extracellular signal peptide that regulates cell fate, May act with CLV1 as a ligand-receptor pair in a signal transduction pathway, coordinating growth between adjacent meristematic regions

Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family


This is Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 453 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine, Supplies the inorganic sulfur for iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters

Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, NifS/IscS subfamily


This is Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase regulatory protein 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 403 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Bifunctional serine/threonine kinase and phosphorylase involved in the dark/light-mediated regulation of PPDK by catalyzing its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, Dark/light-induced changes in stromal concentrations of the competing ADP and Pi substrates govern the direction of the reaction, In the dark, phosphorylates the catalytic intermediate of PPDK (PPDK-HisP), inactivating it, Light exposure induces the phosphorolysis reaction that reactivates PPDK, Unlike the kinase function which can utilize either Thr or Ser as target, the phosphorylase function has a strict substrate requirement for threonyl phosphate

Belongs to the pyruvate, phosphate/water dikinase regulatory protein family, PDRP subfamily


This is High mobility group B protein 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 178 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds preferentially double-stranded DNA, Modulates general plant growth and stress tolerance, Confers sensitivity to salt and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) stresses


This is Iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 167 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Scaffold protein for the de novo synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters within mitochondria, which is required for maturation of both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] proteins (PubMed:15507320, PubMed:17417719), First, a [2Fe-2S] cluster is transiently assembled on the scaffold protein ISCU (ISU1, ISU2 or ISU3), In a second step, the cluster is released from ISCU, transferred to a glutaredoxin, followed by the formation of mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] proteins, the synthesis of [4Fe-4S] clusters and their target-specific insertion into the recipient apoproteins, Cluster assembly on ISCU depends on the function of the cysteine desulfurase complex NFS1-ISD11, which serves as the sulfur donor for cluster synthesis, the iron-binding protein frataxin as the putative iron donor, and the electron transfer chain comprised of ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin, which receive their electrons from NADH (By similarity)


This is Protein DETOXIFICATION 56 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 491 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Could function as a HCO(3)(-) -sensing component in the CO(2) signaling pathway in guard cells, Acts as an upstream repressor of HT1, Plays a role in stomatal response to CO(2)

Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2,A,66,1) family


This is Transcription factor MYC4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 589 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor involved in jasmonic acid (JA) gene regulation, With MYC2 and MYC3, controls additively subsets of JA-dependent responses, Can form complexes with all known glucosinolate-related MYBs to regulate glucosinolate biosynthesis, Binds to the G-box (5'-CACGTG-3') of promoters, Activates multiple TIFY/JAZ promoters


This is Aluminum-activated malate transporter 12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 560 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Malate-sensitive anion transporter permeable to chloride, nitrate, sulfate and malate, Involved in dark-, CO(2)-, abscisic acid- and water-deficient-induced stomatal closure, Belongs to the R-type anion channels

Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2,A,85) family


This is 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate--homocysteine methyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 765 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine resulting in methionine formation

Belongs to the vitamin-B12 independent methionine synthase family


This is Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 protein, from Chinese hamster, contains 473 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), The heterodimer formed with SPTLC2 or SPTLC3 constitutes the catalytic core, The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference, The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSA complex shows a strong preference for C16-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSA isozyme uses both C14-CoA and C16-CoA as substrates, with a slight preference for C14-CoA, The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex shows a strong preference for C18-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSB isozyme displays an ability to use a broader range of acyl-CoAs, without apparent preference (By similarity), Required for adipocyte cell viability and metabolic homeostasis (By similarity)

Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 protein, from Rat, contains 457 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Uniporter involved in the facilitative transport of nucleosides and nucleobases, and contributes to maintaining their cellular homeostasis (PubMed:9353301), Functions as a Na(+)-independent transporter (By similarity), Involved in the transport of nucleosides such as adenosine, thymidine and uridine (PubMed:9353301), Also transports purine nucleobases (hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine nucleobases (thymine, uracil) (By similarity), Mediates basolateral nucleoside uptake into Sertoli cells, thereby regulating the transport of nucleosides in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:23639800), Regulates inosine levels in brown adipocytes tissues (BAT) and extracellular inosine levels, which controls BAT-dependent energy expenditure (By similarity)

Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2,A,57) family


This is NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein protein, from Mouse, contains 232 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Functions as an activating and costimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells, Provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to cytotoxic activity, Acts as a costimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation, Stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells, Signaling involves calcium influx, culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha, Participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection, May play a regulatory role in differentiation and survival of NK cells, Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including RAET1A, RAET1B, RAET1C, RAET1D, RAET1E, H60 and MULT1


This is SRSF protein kinase 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 681 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase which specifically phosphorylates its substrates at serine residues located in regions rich in arginine/serine dipeptides, known as RS domains and is involved in the phosphorylation of SR splicing factors and the regulation of splicing (PubMed:9446799), Promotes neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating cyclin-D1 (CCND1) expression (PubMed:19592491), This is done by the phosphorylation of SRSF2, leading to the suppression of p53/TP53 phosphorylation thereby relieving the repressive effect of p53/TP53 on cyclin-D1 (CCND1) expression (By similarity), Phosphorylates ACIN1, and redistributes it from the nuclear speckles to the nucleoplasm, resulting in cyclin A1 but not cyclin A2 up-regulation (By similarity), Plays an essential role in spliceosomal B complex formation via the phosphorylation of DDX23/PRP28 (By similarity), Probably by phosphorylating DDX23, leads to the suppression of incorrect R-loops formed during transcription; R-loops are composed of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated non-template single-stranded DNA (By similarity)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 protein, from Rat, contains 623 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Metalloaminopeptidase that catalyzes the removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of peptides, such as Arg-Pro-Pro (PubMed:10095056), Contributes to the degradation of bradykinin (By similarity)


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP7 protein, from Mouse, contains 218 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins during protein synthesis


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G protein, from Rat, contains 752 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding, May be implicated in the folding, transport, and assembly of proteins, May play an important role in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing


This is Cerberus protein, from Mouse, contains 272 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cytokine that may play a role in anterior neural induction and somite formation during embryogenesis in part, through a BMP-inhibitory mechanism, Can regulate Nodal signaling during gastrulation as well as the formation and patterning of the primitive streak


This is Retinol dehydrogenase 5 protein, from Mouse, contains 318 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the oxidation of cis-isomers of retinol, including 11-cis-, 9-cis-, and 13-cis-retinol in an NAD-dependent manner (PubMed:10588954, PubMed:9539749), Has no activity towards all-trans retinal (By similarity), Plays a significant role in 11-cis retinol oxidation in the retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE), Also recognizes steroids (androsterone, androstanediol) as its substrates (By similarity)

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


This is Aminopeptidase Ey protein, from Chicken, contains 972 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Broad specificity aminopeptidase, Degrades a variety of peptides possessing various N-terminal amino acids including hydrophobic, basic and acidic amino acids, Preferentially hydrolyzes small peptides consisting of 4 or 5 amino acids, Hydrolyzes the N-terminal Xaa-Pro bonds in the chicken brain peptide Leu-Pro-Leu-Arg-PheNH2, the substance P fragment Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro and the bradykinin fragment Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe, Hydrolyzes the N-formylated peptides fMet-Leu-Phe, fMet-Ala-Gly-Ser-Glu and fMet-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys, but does not hydrolyze peptides with acetylation or pyroglutamic acid at N-terminus, Does not hydrolyze large peptides such as complete substance P, bradykinin or schistoFLRFamide


This is Histone deacetylase clr6 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 405 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events, Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes, Has a role in chromatin assembly and chromosome segregation

Belongs to the histone deacetylase family, HD type 1 subfamily


This is Vacuolar membrane amino acid uptake transporter fnx2 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 577 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

MFS-type transporter involved in vacuolar amino acid uptake

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily


This is Cell polarity protein mod5 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 522 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

With tea1, acts in a positive-feedback loop in the microtubule-mediated regulation of cell polarity, Involved in the anchoring of tea1 at the cortex as well as the correct localization of tea3


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase oca2 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 650 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Mitotic spindle checkpoint component mad3 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 310 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Has a role in transducing the anaphase inhibitory signal to the anaphase promoting complex (APC), Forms part of the mad2 feedback control


This is Hsk1-interacting molecule 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 545 amino acids, has 1 DBF4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Activates hsk1 kinase and is essential for G1/S transition, Has a role in S-phase checkpoint control induced by replication fork blocks after nucleotide deprivation and DNA damage


This is Calcium-transporting ATPase 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 899 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Transports calcium and manganese ions into the cell, Regulates cell morphogenesis through control of manganese and calcium homeostasis

Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3,A,3) family


This is Fimbrin protein, from Fission yeast, contains 614 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Binds to actin, and functionally associates with actin structures involved in the development and maintenance of cell polarity, Plays a role in cytokinesis, Plays important roles in mating and in spore formation


This is rDNA transcriptional regulator pol5 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 959 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays an important role in the regulation of rRNA transcription, Binds to rDNA promoter fragments


This is Fork head protein homolog 2 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 642 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for promoter sequence element PCB-driven, M-phase-specific transcription, Acts as a transcriptional activator with a role in the regulation of mitosis, Binds, cooperatively with mcm1, the CLB cluster regulatory elements throughout the cell cycle, Regulates the periodic transcription of cdc15 and spo12, Required for the correct timing, positioning and contraction of the division septum


This is Tip elongation aberrant protein Tea4 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 821 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Cell polarity factor essential for the bipolar localization and function of structures containing the cell-end marker tea1 during the normal cell cycle, Regulates cell polarity in complex with tea1 and together with the stress signaling MAPK cascade, contributes to cell polarity maintenance under stress conditions, Required for the localization of for3 at the cell tip specifically during initiation of bipolar growth, During the new end take off (NETO), formation of a protein complex that includes tea1, tea4 and for3 is necessary and sufficient for the establishment of cell polarity and localized actin assembly at new cell ends


This is Replication factor C subunit 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 934 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon requires the action of the accessory proteins PCNA and activator 1, Subunit 1 is essential for cell cycle progression, It may associate with components of the DNA replication machinery and serve to enhance the efficiency of DNA replication

Belongs to the activator 1 large subunit family


This is Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog protein, from Human, contains 631 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim8 A protein, from Human, contains 97 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial intermembrane chaperone that participates in the import and insertion of some multi-pass transmembrane proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane, Also required for the transfer of beta-barrel precursors from the TOM complex to the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM complex) of the outer membrane, Acts as a chaperone-like protein that protects the hydrophobic precursors from aggregation and guide them through the mitochondrial intermembrane space, The TIMM8-TIMM13 complex mediates the import of proteins such as TIMM23, SLC25A12/ARALAR1 and SLC25A13/ARALAR2, while the predominant TIMM9-TIMM10 70 kDa complex mediates the import of much more proteins, Probably necessary for normal neurologic development


This is SH3 domain-binding protein 5 protein, from Human, contains 455 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) with specificity for RAB11A and RAB25 (PubMed:26506309, PubMed:30217979), Inhibits the auto- and transphosphorylation activity of BTK, Plays a negative regulatory role in BTK-related cytoplasmic signaling in B-cells, May be involved in BCR-induced apoptotic cell death


This is Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 960 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Isoforms that contain the alternative exon 4b (present in isoform 4 and isoform 5) are required for mitochondrial genome maintenance, possibly by anchoring the mitochondrial nucleoids to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily, Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF6 protein, from Human, contains 910 amino acids, has 1 RING-CH-type Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

RING-CH-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, leading to their proteasomal degradation (PubMed:15673284), Promotes ubiquitination of DIO2, leading to its degradation (PubMed:19651899), Promotes ubiquitination of SQLE, leading to its degradation (PubMed:24449766), E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates, May cooperate with UBE2G1 (PubMed:15673284)


This is Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A protein, from Human, contains 852 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Histone demethylase that can demethylate both 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) of histone H3, thereby acting as a coactivator or a corepressor, depending on the context (PubMed:15620353, PubMed:15811342, PubMed:16140033, PubMed:16079794, PubMed:16079795, PubMed:16223729), Acts by oxidizing the substrate by FAD to generate the corresponding imine that is subsequently hydrolyzed (PubMed:15620353, PubMed:15811342, PubMed:16079794, PubMed:21300290), Acts as a corepressor by mediating demethylation of H3K4me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, Demethylates both mono- (H3K4me1) and di-methylated (H3K4me2) H3K4me (PubMed:15620353, PubMed:20389281, PubMed:21300290, PubMed:23721412), May play a role in the repression of neuronal genes, Alone, it is unable to demethylate H3K4me on nucleosomes and requires the presence of RCOR1/CoREST to achieve such activity (PubMed:16140033, PubMed:16079794, PubMed:16885027, PubMed:21300290, PubMed:23721412), Also acts as a coactivator of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcription, by being recruited to AR target genes and mediating demethylation of H3K9me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression, The presence of PRKCB in AR-containing complexes, which mediates phosphorylation of 'Thr-6' of histone H3 (H3T6ph), a specific tag that prevents demethylation H3K4me, prevents H3K4me demethylase activity of KDM1A (PubMed:16079795), Demethylates di-methylated 'Lys-370' of p53/TP53 which prevents interaction of p53/TP53 with TP53BP1 and represses p53/TP53-mediated transcriptional activation, Demethylates and stabilizes the DNA methylase DNMT1 (PubMed:29691401), Demethylates methylated 'Lys-42' and methylated 'Lys-117' of SOX2 (PubMed:29358331), Required for gastrulation during embryogenesis, Component of a RCOR/GFI/KDM1A/HDAC complex that suppresses, via histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruitment, a number of genes implicated in multilineage blood cell development, Effector of SNAI1-mediated transcription repression of E-cadherin/CDH1, CDN7 and KRT8, Required for the maintenance of the silenced state of the SNAI1 target genes E-cadherin/CDH1 and CDN7 (PubMed:20389281)

Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family


This is Nuclear protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 82 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription regulator that converts stress signals into a program of gene expression that empowers cells with resistance to the stress induced by a change in their microenvironment, Thereby participates in regulation of many process namely cell-cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and DNA repair responses (PubMed:16478804, PubMed:19650074, PubMed:16300740, PubMed:19723804, PubMed:11056169, PubMed:22858377, PubMed:11940591, PubMed:18690848, PubMed:22565310, PubMed:20181828, PubMed:30451898), Controls cell cycle progression and protects cells from genotoxic stress induced by doxorubicin through the complex formation with TP53 and EP300 that binds CDKN1A promoter leading to transcriptional induction of CDKN1A (PubMed:18690848), Protects pancreatic cancer cells from stress-induced cell death by binding the RELB promoter and activating its transcription, leading to IER3 transactivation (PubMed:22565310), Negatively regulates apoptosis through interaction with PTMA (PubMed:16478804), Inhibits autophagy-induced apoptosis in cardiac cells through FOXO3 interaction, inducing cytoplasmic translocation of FOXO3 thereby preventing the FOXO3 association with the pro-autophagic BNIP3 promoter (PubMed:20181828), Inhibits cell growth and facilitates programmed cell death by apoptosis after adriamycin-induced DNA damage through transactivation of TP53 (By similarity), Regulates methamphetamine-induced apoptosis and autophagy through DDIT3-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway (By similarity), Participates in DNA repair following gamma-irradiation by facilitating DNA access of the transcription machinery through interaction with MSL1 leading to inhibition of histone H4' Lys-16' acetylation (H4K16ac) (PubMed:19650074), Coactivator of PAX2 transcription factor activity, both by recruiting EP300 to increase PAX2 transcription factor activity and by binding PAXIP1 to suppress PAXIP1-induced inhibition on PAX2 (PubMed:11940591), Positively regulates cell cycle progression through interaction with COPS5 inducing cytoplasmic translocation of CDKN1B leading to the CDKN1B degradation (PubMed:16300740), Coordinates, through its interaction with EP300, the assiociation of MYOD1, EP300 and DDX5 to the MYOG promoter, leading to inhibition of cell-cycle progression and myogenic differentiation promotion (PubMed:19723804), Negatively regulates beta cell proliferation via inhibition of cell-cycle regulatory genes expression through the suppression of their promoter activities (By similarity), Also required for LHB expression and ovarian maturation (By similarity), Exacerbates CNS inflammation and demyelination upon cuprizone treatment (By similarity)