This is Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 335 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), Directly binds tRNAs and probably acts by catalyzing adenylation of tRNAs, an intermediate required for 2-thiolation, It is unclear whether it acts as a sulfurtransferase that transfers sulfur from thiocarboxylated urm1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position, Prior mcm(5) tRNA modification by the elongator complex is required for 2-thiolation, May also be involved in protein urmylation

Belongs to the TtcA family, CTU1/NCS6/ATPBD3 subfamily


This is Maintenance of ploidy protein mob1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 210 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Has a role in promoting the onset of septum formation during the latter stages of mitosis


This is tRNA pseudouridine synthase 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 534 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Formation of pseudouridine at positions 27 and 28 in the anticodon stem and loop of transfer RNAs; at positions 34 and 36 of intron-containing precursor tRNA(Ile) and at position 35 in the intron-containing tRNA(Tyr) (PubMed:11095668), Catalyzes pseudouridylation at position 44 in U2 snRNA (By similarity), Also catalyzes pseudouridylation of mRNAs (By similarity)

Belongs to the tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruA family


This is Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 14 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 241 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Functions as a component of the DNA-binding general transcription factor complex TFIID, and the RNA polymerase II associated general transcription factor complex TFIIF, Binding of TFIID to a promoter (with or without TATA element) is the initial step in preinitiation complex (PIC) formation, TFIID plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase II through different activities such as transcription activator interaction, core promoter recognition and selectivity, TFIIA and TFIIB interaction, facilitation of DNA opening and initiation of transcription, TFIIF is essential for the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, TFIIF functions include the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoter bound DNA-TBP-TFIIB complex, decreasing the affinity of RNA polymerase II for non-specific DNA, allowing for the subsequent recruitment of TFIIE and TFIIH, and facilitating RNA polymerase II elongation, The TAF14 subunit has stimulatory activity, Component of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of a large number of genes, It changes chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome, leading eventually to a change in nucleosome position, thus facilitating or repressing binding of gene-specific transcription factors, Component of the mst2 complex which is a highly specific H3 lysine 14 (H3K14) acetyltransferase that functions together with gcn5 to regulate global levels of H3K14 acetylation (H3K14ac), critical for DNA damage checkpoint activation


This is 26S proteasome regulatory subunit rpn10 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 243 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Protects ubiquitin chains against dissambly by deubiquitinating enzymes thereby promoting protein degradation

Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5A family


This is Histone acetyltransferase mst1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 463 amino acids, has 1 C2HC MYST-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2HC MYST-type

Catalytic component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in epigenetic transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4, H3, H2B, H2A and H2A variant H2A,Z (PubMed:16199868), Acetylates histone H4 to form H4K5ac, H4K8ac, H4K12ac and H4K16ac, histone H3 to form H3K14ac, and histone H2A to form H2AK4ac and H2AK7ac (By similarity), The NuA4 complex is involved in the DNA damage response and is required for chromosome segregation (PubMed:18505873, PubMed:33723569), The NuA4 complex plays a direct role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through homologous recombination (PubMed:33723569), Recruitment to promoters depends on H3K4me (By similarity), Also acetylates non-histone proteins (By similarity), In addition to protein acetyltransferase, can use different acyl-CoA substrates, such as 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA (2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA) or (2E)-butenoyl-CoA (crotonyl-CoA), and is able to mediate protein 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation and crotonylation, respectively (PubMed:29192674)


This is E3 SUMO-protein ligase pli1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 727 amino acids, has 1 SP-RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

SP-RING-type

Acts as an E3 ligase mediating SUMO/Smt3 attachment to other proteins, Involved in the maintenance of the centromere and in telomere length, Regulates recombination, via extension sumoylation, particularly within the heterochromatin repeats


This is Thioredoxin-2, mitochondrial protein, from Fission yeast, contains 133 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Disulfide reductase which serves multiple functions in mitochondria, protecting mitochondrial components against thiol-oxidative damage as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase, and supporting urea cycle and respiration in mitochondria in a manner independent of active site thiols


This is Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E protein, from Fission yeast, contains 501 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome, The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation (Potential), Required for maintaining the basal level of atf1 and for transcriptional activation of core environmental stress response genes (CESR genes) in response to histidine starvation (PubMed:18502752), May positively regulate proteasome activity (PubMed:12553909), Required for nuclear localization of the proteasome subunit rpn501/rpn502 (PubMed:12553909)


This is Putative JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 948 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May be a histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-36' of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code (By similarity), Represses transcriptional silencing by negatively affecting heterochromatin stability

Belongs to the JHDM1 histone demethylase family


This is Chitin synthase regulatory factor 4 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 633 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Involved in septum formation, Required for the proper localization of chs2 at the septum


This is NAD-dependent histone deacetylase sir2 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 475 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in silencing within the mating-type region, at the telomeres, and according to PubMed:12867036 also within centromeric DNA regions, Required for the localization of swi6 to the telomeres, silent mating type region, and according to PubMed:12867036 to the centromeric DNA regions, According to PubMed:15545655 not required for the localization of swi6 to centromeric foci, Deacetylates histone H3 on 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-16' of histone H4, This has a direct role in heterochromatin assembly

Belongs to the sirtuin family, Class I subfamily


This is Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase protein, from Fission yeast, contains 632 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes triacylglycerol (TAG) formation by an acyl-CoA independent pathway, The enzyme specifically transfers acyl groups from the sn-2 position of a phospholipid to diacylglycerol (DAG), thus forming an sn-1-lysophospholipid, Plays a major role in triacylglycerol formation at log phase (PubMed:12963726, PubMed:26990381), Involved in lipid particle synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum, promoting localized TAG production at discrete ER subdomains (PubMed:26990381, PubMed:28011631)

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, Lipase family


This is Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 3 protein, from Human, contains 335 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis (PubMed:25893793), Involved in forming the linkage tetrasaccharide present in heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, Transfers a glucuronic acid moiety from the uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) to the common linkage region trisaccharide Gal-beta-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-Xyl covalently bound to a Ser residue at the glycosaminylglycan attachment site of proteoglycans, Can also play a role in the biosynthesis of l2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on glycoproteins, Shows strict specificity for Gal-beta-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-Xyl, exhibiting negligible incorporation into other galactoside substrates including Galbeta1-3Gal beta1-O-benzyl, Galbeta1-4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-4Glc, Stimulates 2-phosphoxylose phosphatase activity of PXYLP1 in presence of uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) during completion of linkage region formation (PubMed:24425863)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 43 family


This is Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 protein, from Human, contains 785 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Negative regulator of DNA damage repair which specifically deubiquitinates monoubiquitinated FANCD2 (PubMed:15694335), Also involved in PCNA-mediated translesion synthesis (TLS) by deubiquitinating monoubiquitinated PCNA (PubMed:16531995, PubMed:20147293), Has almost no deubiquitinating activity by itself and requires the interaction with WDR48 to have a high activity (PubMed:18082604, PubMed:26388029)


This is Nucleolar protein 4 protein, from Human, contains 638 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is STAGA complex 65 subunit gamma protein, from Human, contains 414 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 653 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that promotes endoplasmic reticulum-associated endosome fission (PubMed:30220460), Localizes to contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomes and acts by promoting recruitment of the endoplasmic reticulum to endosome tubules for fission (PubMed:30220460), Endosome membrane fission of early and late endosomes is essential to separate regions destined for lysosomal degradation from carriers to be recycled to the plasma membrane (PubMed:30220460)


This is CSC1-like protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 807 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as an osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel (PubMed:30382938, PubMed:31587869), Mechanosensitive ion channel that converts mechanical stimuli into a flow of ion (PubMed:30382938, PubMed:31587869)


This is Erlin-2 protein, from Human, contains 339 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Component of the ERLIN1/ERLIN2 complex which mediates the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) such as ITPR1 (PubMed:19240031, PubMed:17502376), Promotes sterol-accelerated ERAD of HMGCR probably implicating an AMFR/gp78-containing ubiquitin ligase complex (PubMed:21343306), Involved in regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis by regulation the SREBP signaling pathway, May promote ER retention of the SCAP-SREBF complex (PubMed:24217618)


This is RING finger protein 37 protein, from Human, contains 541 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

RING-type

May have a ubiquitin-protein ligase activity acting as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase or as a ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase promoting elongation of ubiquitin chains on substrates


This is Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 611 amino acids, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Rab9-regulated ATPase required for endosome to Golgi transport, Involved in transport vesicle docking at the Golgi complex, possibly by participating in release M6PRBP1/TIP47 from vesicles to permit their efficient docking and fusion at the Golgi, Specifically binds Rab9, but not other Rab proteins, Has low intrinsic ATPase activity due to autoinhibition, which is relieved by Rab9


This is Transcription factor SOX-30 protein, from Human, contains 753 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as both a transcriptional activator and repressor (PubMed:10359848, PubMed:29739711), Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ACAAT-3' and shows a preference for guanine residues surrounding this core motif (PubMed:10359848), Binds to its own promoter and activates its own transcription (By similarity), Required to activate the expression of postmeiotic genes involved in spermiogenesis (By similarity), Binds to the promoter region of CTNNB1 and represses its transcription which leads to inhibition of Wnt signaling (PubMed:29739711), Also inhibits Wnt signaling by binding to the CTNNB1 protein, preventing interaction of CTNNB1 with TCF7L2/TCF4 (PubMed:29739711)


This is Fibrinogen silencer-binding protein protein, from Human, contains 299 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional repressor that down-regulates the expression of the fibrinogen gamma chain, Represses transcription of GSK3B gene promoter via its interaction with APBA1


This is Mitofusin-2 protein, from Human, contains 757 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial outer membrane GTPase that mediates mitochondrial clustering and fusion (PubMed:11181170, PubMed:11950885, PubMed:26214738, PubMed:28114303), Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, and their morphology is determined by the equilibrium between mitochondrial fusion and fission events (PubMed:28114303), Overexpression induces the formation of mitochondrial networks (PubMed:28114303), Membrane clustering requires GTPase activity and may involve a major rearrangement of the coiled coil domains (Probable), Plays a central role in mitochondrial metabolism and may be associated with obesity and/or apoptosis processes (By similarity), Plays an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation (By similarity), Involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) (PubMed:23620051), Is required for PRKN recruitment to dysfunctional mitochondria (PubMed:23620051), Involved in the control of unfolded protein response (UPR) upon ER stress including activation of apoptosis and autophagy during ER stress (By similarity), Acts as an upstream regulator of EIF2AK3 and suppresses EIF2AK3 activation under basal conditions (By similarity)

Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily, Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family, Mitofusin subfamily


This is Zinc finger protein-like 1 protein, from Human, contains 310 amino acids, has 1 B box-type; degenerate Zinc finger, has 1 RING-type; degenerate Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

B box-type; degenerate

RING-type; degenerate

Required for cis-Golgi integrity and efficient ER to Golgi transport, Involved in the maintenance of the integrity of the cis-Golgi, possibly via its interaction with GOLGA2/GM130


This is Mitochondrial proton/calcium exchanger protein protein, from Human, contains 739 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Plays an important role in maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and in mediating either calcium or potassium/proton antiport (PubMed:18628306, PubMed:19797662, PubMed:24898248, PubMed:24344246, PubMed:29123128, PubMed:32139798, PubMed:36321428, PubMed:36055214), Mediates proton-dependent calcium efflux from mitochondrion (PubMed:19797662, PubMed:24344246, PubMed:29123128), Functions also as an electroneutral mitochondrial proton/potassium exchanger (PubMed:24898248, PubMed:36055214, PubMed:36321428), Crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial tubular networks and for the assembly of the supercomplexes of the respiratory chain (PubMed:18628306, PubMed:36055214), Required for the maintenance of the tubular shape and cristae organization (PubMed:18628306, PubMed:32139798)


This is Zinc finger Ran-binding domain-containing protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 330 amino acids, has 2 RanBP2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Splice factor required for alternative splicing of TRA2B/SFRS10 transcripts, May interfere with constitutive 5'-splice site selection


This is Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1 protein, from Human, contains 250 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport, It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor, May play a protective role against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity under glutathione depleted conditions in neuronal cells by regulating the intracellular ROS levels via inhibition of p38 MAPK (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14), Participates in docking and fusion stage of ER to cis-Golgi transport, Plays an important physiological role in VLDL-transport vesicle-Golgi fusion and thus in VLDL delivery to the hepatic cis-Golgi


This is Histone acetyltransferase KAT7 protein, from Human, contains 611 amino acids, has 1 CCHHC-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2HC MYST-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

CCHHC-type

C2HC MYST-type

Plays a central role in the maintenance of leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (PubMed:31827282), Acts by mediating acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-14' (H3K14ac), thereby facilitating the processivity of RNA polymerase II to maintain the high expression of key genes, such as HOXA9 and HOXA10 that help to sustain the functional properties of leukemia stem cells (PubMed:31827282)


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B protein, from Human, contains 441 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen, This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel, which when activated causes fast, depolarizing responses, It is a cation-specific, but otherwise relatively nonselective, ion channel

Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1,A,9) family, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (TC 1,A,9,2) subfamily, HTR3B sub-subfamily


This is Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 protein, from Human, contains 198 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as a negative mediator of apoptosis and may play a role in tumor progression, Suppresses the TNF-mediated apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-8 activity but not the processing of procaspase-8, subsequently resulting in inhibition of BID cleavage and caspase-3 activation


This is Adenylyltransferase and sulfurtransferase MOCS3 protein, from Human, contains 460 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln), Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor, Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers URM1 and MOCS2A, Its N-terminus first activates URM1 and MOCS2A as acyl-adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to URM1 and MOCS2A to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of their C-terminus, The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as nucleophile towards URM1 and MOCS2A, Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed, Does not use thiosulfate as sulfur donor; NFS1 probably acting as a sulfur donor for thiocarboxylation reactions

In the N-terminal section; belongs to the HesA/MoeB/ThiF family, UBA4 subfamily


This is Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE1 protein, from Human, contains 756 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Bifunctional glycosyltransferase with both alpha-1,3-xylosyltransferase and beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase activities involved in the maturation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) by glycosylation leading to DAG1 binding to laminin G-like domain-containing extracellular proteins with high affinity (PubMed:22223806, PubMed:15752776, PubMed:15661757, PubMed:25279699, PubMed:25279697, PubMed:23125099, PubMed:21987822), Elongates the glucuronyl-beta-1,4-xylose-beta disaccharide primer structure initiated by B4GAT1 by adding repeating units [-3-Xylose-alpha-1,3-GlcA-beta-1-] to produce a heteropolysaccharide (PubMed:22223806, PubMed:25279699, PubMed:25279697, PubMed:25138275, PubMed:32975514, PubMed:23125099), Requires the phosphorylation of core M3 (O-mannosyl trisaccharide) by POMK to elongate the glucuronyl-beta-1,4-xylose-beta disaccharide primer (PubMed:21987822), Plays a key role in skeletal muscle function and regeneration (By similarity)

In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family


This is Krueppel-like factor 8 protein, from Human, contains 359 amino acids, has 3 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional repressor and activator, Binds to CACCC-boxes promoter elements, Also binds the GT-box of cyclin D1 promoter and mediates cell cycle progression at G(1) phase as a downstream target of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)

Belongs to the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is YEATS domain-containing protein 4 protein, from Human, contains 227 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Chromatin reader component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex, a complex involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A (PubMed:12963728, PubMed:14966270), Specifically recognizes and binds acylated histone H3, with a preference for histone H3 diacetylated at 'Lys-18' and 'Lys-27' (H3K18ac and H3K27ac) or histone H3 diacetylated at 'Lys-14' and 'Lys-27' (H3K14ac and H3K27ac) (PubMed:29437725, PubMed:30071723, PubMed:29900004), Also able to recognize and bind crotonylated histone H3 (PubMed:30071723), May also recognize and bind histone H3 succinylated at 'Lys-122' (H3K122succ); additional evidences are however required to confirm this result in vivo (PubMed:29463709), Plays a key role in histone variant H2AZ1/H2A,Z deposition into specific chromatin regions: recognizes and binds H3K14ac and H3K27ac on the promoters of actively transcribed genes and recruits NuA4-related complex to deposit H2AZ1/H2A,Z (PubMed:29437725), H2AZ1/H2A,Z deposition is required for maintenance of embryonic stem cell (By similarity)


This is Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29 protein, from Human, contains 220 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends

Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 1 family


This is Steroid hormone receptor ERR2 protein, from Human, contains 433 amino acids, has 2 NR C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

NR C4-type

NR C4-type

Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcription activity, Positively regulates ESR1 transcriptional activity upon E2 stimulation

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR3 subfamily


This is Protein LDOC1 protein, from Human, contains 146 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May have an important role in the development and/or progression of some cancers


This is Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase NUDT14 protein, from Human, contains 222 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Hydrolyzes UDP-glucose to glucose 1-phosphate and UMP and ADP-ribose to ribose 5-phosphate and AMP, The physiological substrate is probably UDP-glucose, Poor activity on other substrates such as ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, GDP-glucose and GDP-mannose


This is Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6c protein, from Human, contains 125 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 protein, from Human, contains 172 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein-disulfide reductase of the endoplasmic reticulum that promotes disulfide bond formation in client proteins through its thiol-disulfide oxidase activity


This is Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 protein, from Human, contains 706 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the cross-linking of proteins and the conjugation of polyamines to proteins

Belongs to the transglutaminase superfamily, Transglutaminase family


This is T-box transcription factor TBX18 protein, from Human, contains 607 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as transcriptional repressor involved in developmental processes of a variety of tissues and organs, including the heart and coronary vessels, the ureter and the vertebral column, Required for embryonic development of the sino atrial node (SAN) head area


This is Actin-associated protein FAM107A protein, from Human, contains 144 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Stress-inducible actin-binding protein that plays a role in synaptic and cognitive functions by modulating actin filamentous (F-actin) dynamics, Mediates polymerization of globular actin to F-actin, Also binds to, stabilizes and bundles F-actin, Involved in synaptic function by regulating neurite outgrowth in an actin-dependent manner and for the acquisition of hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, such as learning and long-term memory (By similarity), Plays a role in the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton organization; negatively regulates focal adhesion (FA) assembly promoting malignant glial cell migration in an actin-, microtubule- and MAP1A-dependent manner (PubMed:20543869), Also involved in neuroblastoma G1/S phase cell cycle progression and cell proliferation inhibition by stimulating ubiquitination of NF-kappa-B subunit RELA and NF-kappa-B degradation in a COMMD1- and actin-dependent manner (PubMed:10564580, PubMed:28604741), May play a role in tumor development (PubMed:10564580)


This is E3 SUMO-protein ligase ZBED1 protein, from Human, contains 694 amino acids, has 1 BED-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

BED-type

(Microbial infection) Binds to human adenovirus gene promoters and contributes to transcriptional repression and virus growth inhibition during early stages of infection


This is Molybdopterin synthase catalytic subunit protein, from Human, contains 188 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin, Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group

Belongs to the MoaE family, MOCS2B subfamily


This is Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40 homolog protein, from Human, contains 361 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Channel-forming protein essential for import of protein precursors into mitochondria (PubMed:15644312, PubMed:31206022), Plays a role in the assembly of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) by forming a complex with BCAP31 and mediating the translocation of Complex I components from the cytosol to the mitochondria (PubMed:31206022)


This is Peroxisomal membrane protein 11B protein, from Human, contains 259 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Involved in peroxisomal proliferation (PubMed:9792670), May regulate peroxisome division by recruiting the dynamin-related GTPase DNM1L to the peroxisomal membrane (PubMed:12618434), Promotes membrane protrusion and elongation on the peroxisomal surface (PubMed:20826455)


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 protein, from Human, contains 591 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in a variety of different signaling pathways including cytoskeleton regulation, cell migration, growth, proliferation or cell survival, Activation by various effectors including growth factor receptors or active CDC42 and RAC1 results in a conformational change and a subsequent autophosphorylation on several serine and/or threonine residues, Phosphorylates and inactivates the protein phosphatase SSH1, leading to increased inhibitory phosphorylation of the actin binding/depolymerizing factor cofilin, Decreased cofilin activity may lead to stabilization of actin filaments, Phosphorylates LIMK1, a kinase that also inhibits the activity of cofilin, Phosphorylates integrin beta5/ITGB5 and thus regulates cell motility, Phosphorylates ARHGEF2 and activates the downstream target RHOA that plays a role in the regulation of assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers, Stimulates cell survival by phosphorylating the BCL2 antagonist of cell death BAD, Alternatively, inhibits apoptosis by preventing caspase-8 binding to death domain receptors in a kinase independent manner, Plays a role in cell-cycle progression by controlling levels of the cell-cycle regulatory protein CDKN1A and by phosphorylating RAN

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family, STE20 subfamily


This is Actin-like protein 6A protein, from Human, contains 429 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology), Component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner, Required for maximal ATPase activity of SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A and for association of the SMARCA4/BRG1/BAF190A containing remodeling complex BAF with chromatin/nuclear matrix, Belongs to the neural progenitors-specific chromatin remodeling complex (npBAF complex) and is required for the proliferation of neural progenitors, During neural development a switch from a stem/progenitor to a postmitotic chromatin remodeling mechanism occurs as neurons exit the cell cycle and become committed to their adult state, The transition from proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells to postmitotic neurons requires a switch in subunit composition of the npBAF and nBAF complexes, As neural progenitors exit mitosis and differentiate into neurons, npBAF complexes which contain ACTL6A/BAF53A and PHF10/BAF45A, are exchanged for homologous alternative ACTL6B/BAF53B and DPF1/BAF45B or DPF3/BAF45C subunits in neuron-specific complexes (nBAF), The npBAF complex is essential for the self-renewal/proliferative capacity of the multipotent neural stem cells, The nBAF complex along with CREST plays a role regulating the activity of genes essential for dendrite growth (By similarity), Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A, This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription, This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative senescence, apoptosis, and DNA repair, NuA4 may also play a direct role in DNA repair when recruited to sites of DNA damage, Putative core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair


This is G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 protein, from Human, contains 404 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the late G1 and early S phase

Belongs to the cyclin family, Cyclin E subfamily


This is Molybdopterin synthase sulfur carrier subunit protein, from Human, contains 88 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis, Component of the molybdopterin synthase complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group, In the complex, serves as sulfur donor by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3, After interaction with MOCS2B, the sulfur is then transferred to precursor Z to form molybdopterin

Belongs to the MoaD family, MOCS2A subfamily


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 769 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a central role in centriole duplication, Able to trigger procentriole formation on the surface of the mother centriole cylinder, using mother centriole as a platform, leading to the recruitment of centriole biogenesis proteins such as Sas-6, When overexpressed, it is able to induce centrosome amplification through the simultaneous generation of multiple procentrioles adjoining each parental centriole during S phase, Centrosome amplification following overexpression can initiate tumorigenesis, highlighting the importance of centrosome regulation in cancers

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC5/Polo subfamily


This is G-protein coupled receptor Mth protein, from Fruit fly, contains 514 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Involved in biological aging and stress response, Essential for adult survival, Required in the presynaptic motor neuron to up-regulate neurotransmitter exocytosis at larval glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), Regulates a step associated with docking and clustering of vesicles at release sites, SP/Acp70A and sun are agonists that activate mth in vitro

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family, Mth subfamily


This is Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 147 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation, The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase, The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol, In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c


This is L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 591 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-lactate (L-lactate) to pyruvate with subsequent transfer of electrons to cytochrome c (PubMed:11914072), Is involved in the utilization of (S)-lactate as a sole source of carbon for growth (PubMed:3004948), Can also use ferricyanide as an electron acceptor in vitro (PubMed:4593578, PubMed:3004948)

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family


This is Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial protein, from Pig, contains 314 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the beta-oxidation cycle for medium and short-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoAs (C4 to C10) (PubMed:9593854, PubMed:2817332), Plays a role in the control of insulin secretion by inhibiting the activation of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), an enzyme that has an important role in regulating amino acid-induced insulin secretion (By similarity)

Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family


This is Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 332 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family


This is Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 332 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Purine nucleoside phosphorylase protein, from Human, contains 289 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta-(deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate (PubMed:9305964, PubMed:23438750), Preferentially acts on 6-oxopurine nucleosides including inosine and guanosine (PubMed:9305964)

Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family


This is Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Chicken, contains 423 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA), As a member of the malate-aspartate shuttle, it has a key role in the intracellular NAD(H) redox balance, Is important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol, and for amino acid metabolism

Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Phosphoglycerate kinase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 416 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family


This is Haptoglobin-related protein protein, from Human, contains 348 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Primate-specific plasma protein associated with apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), This HDL particle, termed trypanosome lytic factor-1 (TLF-1), mediates human innate immune protection against many species of African trypanosomes, Binds hemoglobin with high affinity and may contribute to the clearance of cell-free hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron


This is Coagulation factor IX protein, from Human, contains 461 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Factor IX is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that participates in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by converting factor X to its active form in the presence of Ca(2+) ions, phospholipids, and factor VIIIa


This is Coagulation factor IX protein, from Bovine, contains 462 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Plasminogen protein, from Human, contains 810 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

(Microbial infection) Binds to OspC on the surface of B,burgdorferi cells, possibly conferring an extracellular protease activity on the bacteria that allows it to traverse host tissue

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family, Plasminogen subfamily


This is Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A protein, from Rabbit, contains 364 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein

Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family


This is Citrate synthase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 479 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Specific citrate synthase with catalytic activity only with acetyl-CoA


This is Enolase 1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 437 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 751 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the attachment of methionine to tRNA(Met) in a two-step reaction: methionine is first activated by ATP to form Met-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Met)

Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family


This is Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 protein, from Human, contains 79 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

In the male reproductive tract, binds to sperm heads where it modulates sperm capacitance by inhibiting calcium uptake and nitrogen oxide (NO) production


This is Ovalbumin protein, from Chicken, contains 386 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Non-inhibitory serpin, Storage protein of egg white

Belongs to the serpin family, Ov-serpin subfamily


This is Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 protein, from Human, contains 207 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor, Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16, Does not act on MMP14, Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1, Plays a role in integrin signaling, Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it is species-specific, stimulating the growth and differentiation of only human and murine erythroid progenitors

Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family


This is Cystatin-C protein, from Human, contains 146 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity


This is Cystatin-S protein, from Human, contains 141 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

This protein strongly inhibits papain and ficin, partially inhibits stem bromelain and bovine cathepsin C, but does not inhibit porcine cathepsin B or clostripain, Papain is inhibited non-competitively


This is Cystatin-SN protein, from Human, contains 141 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Human saliva appears to contain several cysteine proteinase inhibitors that are immunologically related to cystatin S but that differ in their specificity due to amino acid sequence differences, Cystatin SN, with a pI of 7,5, is a much better inhibitor of papain and dipeptidyl peptidase I than is cystatin S, although both inhibit ficin equally well


This is Myc proto-oncogene protein protein, from Human, contains 454 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3' (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029), Activates the transcription of growth-related genes (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029), Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029), Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (By similarity), Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release (By similarity), Positively regulates transcription of HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2 and PTBP1 which in turn regulate splicing of pyruvate kinase PKM by binding repressively to sequences flanking PKM exon 9, inhibiting exon 9 inclusion and resulting in exon 10 inclusion and production of the PKM M2 isoform (PubMed:20010808)


This is Start control protein cdc10 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 767 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Major component of the cell cycle transcription factor complex MBF (MCB binding factor, also known as DSC1), that controls G1-S phase specific gene expression, Involved in the control of rRNA production, via interaction with pol5, May be involved in the transcriptional regulation of the cdc22 and cdt1 genes, In fission yeast, two genes, cdc10 and cdc2, are required for the cell cycle control called start, the point early in the G1 phase at which cells become committed to the mitotic cycle


This is Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein protein, from Human, contains 390 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity), Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains remain non-covalently linked rendering TGF-beta-1 inactive during storage in extracellular matrix (PubMed:29109152), At the same time, LAP chain interacts with 'milieu molecules', such as LTBP1, LRRC32/GARP and LRRC33/NRROS that control activation of TGF-beta-1 and maintain it in a latent state during storage in extracellular milieus (PubMed:2022183, PubMed:8617200, PubMed:8939931, PubMed:19750484, PubMed:22278742, PubMed:19651619), TGF-beta-1 is released from LAP by integrins (ITGAV:ITGB6 or ITGAV:ITGB8): integrin-binding to LAP stabilizes an alternative conformation of the LAP bowtie tail and results in distortion of the LAP chain and subsequent release of the active TGF-beta-1 (PubMed:22278742, PubMed:28117447), Once activated following release of LAP, TGF-beta-1 acts by binding to TGF-beta receptors (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2), which transduce signal (PubMed:20207738), While expressed by many cells types, TGF-beta-1 only has a very localized range of action within cell environment thanks to fine regulation of its activation by Latency-associated peptide chain (LAP) and 'milieu molecules' (By similarity), Plays an important role in bone remodeling: acts as a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity), Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner (By similarity), At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development (By similarity), At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells (By similarity), Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) (PubMed:25310401), Mediates SMAD2/3 activation by inducing its phosphorylation and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:25893292, PubMed:29483653, PubMed:30696809), Can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types (PubMed:25893292, PubMed:30696809)


This is Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 protein, from Pig, contains 207 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Acts as a molecular chaperone for PCSK2/PC2, preventing its premature activation in the regulated secretory pathway, Binds to inactive PCSK2 in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates its transport from there to later compartments of the secretory pathway where it is proteolytically matured and activated, Also required for cleavage of PCSK2 but does not appear to be involved in its folding, Plays a role in regulating pituitary hormone secretion, The C-terminal peptide inhibits PCSK2 in vitro


This is Kappa-bungarotoxin protein, from Many-banded krait, contains 87 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Postsynaptic neurotoxin that binds and inhibits neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with high affinity (IC(50)<100 nM), Is a selective, and slowly reversible antagonist of alpha-3/CHRNA3-containing and some alpha-4/CHRNA4-containing AChRs

Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family, Long-chain subfamily, Kappa-neurotoxin sub-subfamily


This is Toxin CsEv1 protein, from Arizona bark scorpion, contains 87 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing (By similarity), Induces immediate paralysis in crickets after injection, with a total paralysis occurring within 15-30 minutes and lasting for 1-2 hours, Is also lethal to vertebrate (chicks) when injected in very high dosages (more than 100 mg/kg)

Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily, Sodium channel inhibitor family, Beta subfamily


This is Immunoglobulin J chain protein, from Mouse, contains 159 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Serves to link two monomer units of either IgM or IgA, In the case of IgM, the J chain-joined dimer is a nucleating unit for the IgM pentamer, and in the case of IgA it induces dimers and/or larger polymers, It also helps to bind these immunoglobulins to secretory component


This is T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 protein, from Human, contains 458 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, has 3 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

(Microbial infection) Primary receptor for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) (PubMed:2214026, PubMed:16331979, PubMed:9641677, PubMed:12089508), Down-regulated by HIV-1 Vpu (PubMed:17346169), Acts as a receptor for Human Herpes virus 7/HHV-7 (PubMed:7909607)


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein P2B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 110 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein P1/P2 family


This is Prelamin-A/C protein, from Human, contains 664 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Prelamin-A/C can accelerate smooth muscle cell senescence, It acts to disrupt mitosis and induce DNA damage in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to mitotic failure, genomic instability, and premature senescence

Belongs to the intermediate filament family


This is Calmodulin protein, from Social amoeba, contains 152 amino acids, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+), Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases


This is Apolipoprotein A-II protein, from Human, contains 100 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism


This is Fibrinogen alpha chain protein, from Human, contains 866 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots, In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization, Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood, However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo, Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway, Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy, Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage, May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways


This is Fibrinogen beta chain protein, from Human, contains 491 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots, In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization, Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood, However subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo, Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets, Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy, Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage, May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways


This is Fibrinogen beta chain protein, from Bovine, contains 468 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Fibrinogen gamma chain protein, from Human, contains 453 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots, In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization, Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood, However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo, Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway, Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy, Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage, May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways


This is Transthyretin protein, from Rat, contains 147 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Thyroid hormone-binding protein, Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain


This is ATP-dependent molecular chaperone HSP82 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 709 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved in cell cycle control and signal transduction, Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity, The nucleotide-free form of the dimer is found in an open conformation in which the N-termini are not dimerized and the complex is ready for client protein binding, Binding of ATP induces large conformational changes, resulting in the formation of a ring-like closed structure in which the N-terminal domains associate intramolecularly with the middle domain and also dimerize with each other, stimulating their intrinsic ATPase activity and acting as a clamp on the substrate, Finally, ATP hydrolysis results in the release of the substrate, This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation, Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function, Required for growth at high temperatures

Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family


This is Elongation factor Tu, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 437 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

G-protein that, in its active GTP-bound form, binds to and delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis, In the presence of a correct codon-anticodon match between the aminoacyl-tRNA and the A-site codon of the ribosome-bound mRNA, the ribosome acts as a GTPase activator and the GTP is hydrolyzed, The inactive GDP-bound form leaves the ribosome and must be recycled before binding another molecule of aminoacyl-tRNA, Required for mitochondrial protein biosynthesis and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA

Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily, Classic translation factor GTPase family, EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily


This is Elongation factor 1-alpha protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 458 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

GTP-binding component of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 complex (eEF1), In its active GTP-bound form, binds to and delivers aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis, In the presence of a correct codon-anticodon match between the aminoacyl-tRNA and the A-site codon of the ribosome-bound mRNA, the ribosome acts as a GTPase activator and the GTP is hydrolyzed, The inactive GDP-bound form leaves the ribosome and must be recycled by its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) (eEF1B subcomplex) before binding another molecule of aminoacyl-tRNA, Required for nuclear export of aminoacyl-tRNAs, May also be involved in translational quality control by targeting cotranslationally damaged proteins to the proteasome, Also exhibits actin filament-binding and -bundling activities and is involved in cytoskeleton organization, Plays a role as a negative regulator of GCN2 kinase activity by inhibiting GCN2-mediated eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation in amino acid-repleted cells (PubMed:21849502)


This is Partitioning protein REP1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 373 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Part of the plasmid partitioning system, which ensures the equal distribution of replicated plasmid molecules to daughter cells, The plasmids exist as well-organized plasmid foci within the nucleus that stay together throughout the cell-cycle and act as entity during segregation, effetively reducing copy number to one, Plasmid partitioning requires the proteins REP1, REP2, and a cis-acting locus STB (REP3), REP1-REP2 stably associate with CSE4-containing chromatin at STB during S-phase, marking the locus with a centromeric tag, and thereby probably catching mitotic spindle microtubules to the plasmid cluster and coupling plasmid segregation to chromosome segregation, REP1-REP2 are required to recruit the cohesin complex to the STB locus for pairing of the replicated plasmid cluster, a prerequisite for successful plasmid segregation, REP1-REP2 also negatively regulate expression of site-specific recombinase FLP and of RAF1


This is Medium-wave-sensitive opsin 1 protein, from Human, contains 364 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision, They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, Opsin subfamily


This is Ice-structuring protein A protein, from Winter flounder, contains 82 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Contributes to protect fish blood from freezing at subzero sea water temperatures, Lowers the blood freezing point, Binds to nascent ice crystals and prevents further growth


This is DNA nucleotidylexotransferase protein, from Human, contains 509 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Template-independent DNA polymerase which catalyzes the random addition of deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate to the 3'-end of a DNA initiator, One of the in vivo functions of this enzyme is the addition of nucleotides at the junction (N region) of rearranged Ig heavy chain and T-cell receptor gene segments during the maturation of B- and T-cells

Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-X family


This is Phospholipase A2 protein, from Human, contains 148 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets dietary phospholipids in the intestinal tract (PubMed:1420353, PubMed:10681567, PubMed:17603006), Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity) with preference for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylglycerols over phosphatidylcholines (PubMed:1420353, PubMed:10681567, PubMed:17603006), May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism and inflammation in the intestinal tract, Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines (By similarity), May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner (PubMed:7721806, PubMed:25335547), Upon binding to the PLA2R1 receptor can regulate podocyte survival and glomerular homeostasis (PubMed:25335547), Has anti-helminth activity in a process regulated by gut microbiota, Upon helminth infection of intestinal epithelia, directly affects phosphatidylethanolamine contents in the membrane of helminth larvae, likely controlling an array of phospholipid-mediated cellular processes such as membrane fusion and cell division while providing for better immune recognition, ultimately reducing larvae integrity and infectivity (By similarity)


This is Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase protein, from Human, contains 536 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Glucosylceramidase that catalyzes, within the lysosomal compartment, the hydrolysis of glucosylceramides/GlcCers (such as beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine) into free ceramides (such as N-acylsphing-4-enine) and glucose (PubMed:9201993, PubMed:24211208, PubMed:15916907, PubMed:32144204), Plays a central role in the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes (PubMed:27378698), Through the production of ceramides, participates in the PKC-activated salvage pathway of ceramide formation (PubMed:19279011), Catalyzes the glucosylation of cholesterol, through a transglucosylation reaction where glucose is transferred from GlcCer to cholesterol (PubMed:24211208, PubMed:26724485, PubMed:32144204), GlcCer containing mono-unsaturated fatty acids (such as beta-D-glucosyl-N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine) are preferred as glucose donors for cholesterol glucosylation when compared with GlcCer containing same chain length of saturated fatty acids (such as beta-D-glucosyl-N-octadecanoyl-sphing-4-enine) (PubMed:24211208), Under specific conditions, may alternatively catalyze the reverse reaction, transferring glucose from cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside to ceramide (PubMed:26724485) (Probable), Can also hydrolyze cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside producing glucose and cholesterol (PubMed:24211208, PubMed:26724485), Catalyzes the hydrolysis of galactosylceramides/GalCers (such as beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine), as well as the transfer of galactose between GalCers and cholesterol in vitro, but with lower activity than with GlcCers (PubMed:32144204), Contrary to GlcCer and GalCer, xylosylceramide/XylCer (such as beta-D-xyosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine) is not a good substrate for hydrolysis, however it is a good xylose donor for transxylosylation activity to form cholesteryl 3-beta-D-xyloside (PubMed:33361282)

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family


This is Fibrinogen gamma chain protein, from Sea lamprey, contains 432 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots


This is Trefoil factor 1 protein, from Human, contains 84 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents, May inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in urine


This is Phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase protein, from Human, contains 440 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Central enzyme in the extracellular metabolism of plasma lipoproteins, Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs) (PubMed:10329423, PubMed:19065001, PubMed:26195816), The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver, Has a preference for plasma 16:0-18:2 or 18:O-18:2 phosphatidylcholines (PubMed:8820107), Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE-containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) APOE- and APOA1 levels, Together with APOE and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, plays a key role in the maturation of glial-derived, nascent lipoproteins, Required for remodeling high-density lipoprotein particles into their spherical forms (PubMed:10722751), Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor or PAF) to 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PAF) (PubMed:8016111), Also catalyzes the transfer of the acetate group from PAF to 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine forming lyso-PAF (PubMed:8016111), Catalyzes the esterification of (24S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)OH-C), also known as cerebrosterol to produce 24(S)OH-C monoesters (PubMed:24620755)

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, Lipase family


This is Ornithine aminotransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 439 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of L-ornithine and 2-oxoglutarate to L-glutamate semialdehyde and L-glutamate

Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Histidine-rich glycoprotein protein, from Human, contains 525 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Plasma glycoprotein that binds a number of ligands such as heme, heparin, heparan sulfate, thrombospondin, plasminogen, and divalent metal ions, Binds heparin and heparin/glycosaminoglycans in a zinc-dependent manner, Binds heparan sulfate on the surface of liver, lung, kidney and heart endothelial cells, Binds to N-sulfated polysaccharide chains on the surface of liver endothelial cells, Inhibits rosette formation, Acts as an adapter protein and is implicated in regulating many processes such as immune complex and pathogen clearance, cell chemotaxis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation and fibrinolysis, Mediates clearance of necrotic cells through enhancing the phagocytosis of necrotic cells in a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway, This process can be regulated by the presence of certain HRG ligands such as heparin and zinc ions, Binds to IgG subclasses of immunoglobins containing kappa and lambda light chains with different affinities regulating their clearance and inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes, Tethers plasminogen to the cell surface, Binds T-cells and alters the cell morphology, Modulates angiogenesis by blocking the CD6-mediated antiangiongenic effect of thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2, Acts as a regulator of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway; inhibits endothelial cell motility by reducing VEGF-induced complex formation between PXN/paxillin and ILK/integrin-linked protein kinase and by promoting inhibition of VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinases and alpha-actinins in endothelial cells, Also plays a role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and tumor immune surveillance, Normalizes tumor vessels and promotes antitumor immunity by polarizing tumor-associated macrophages, leading to decreased tumor growth and metastasis


This is Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1 protein, from Human, contains 644 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1), In complex with C1QBP is a high affinity receptor for kininogen-1/HMWK


This is Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 392 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 297 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Cyclin-dependent kinase that acts as a master regulator of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles (PubMed:8087848, PubMed:9042863, PubMed:1896017, PubMed:2274045, PubMed:6581157, PubMed:7498766, Ref,6), Required to drive the G1-S and G2-M transitions, and initiation of premeiotic DNA replication and meiosis II (PubMed:8087848, PubMed:9042863, PubMed:1896017, PubMed:2274045, PubMed:6581157, PubMed:7498766, Ref,6), More than 200 substrates have been identified (PubMed:27984725), Substrate specificity is in part regulated by the bound cyclin protein (PubMed:27984725), When complexed with cyclin cig2, it drives the G1-S phase transition (PubMed:8087848), When complexed with cyclin cdc13, it drives the G2-M transition and initiation of meiosis II (PubMed:8087848, PubMed:7498766), Its activity rises throughout the cell cycle and substrate specificity is further influenced by activity thresholds with more sensitive substrates phosphorylated earlier in the cell cycle than less sensitive substrates (PubMed:27984725), Phosphorylates dis1 during metaphase to ensure proper microtubule dynamics and accurate chromosome segregation (PubMed:16920624), Phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II rpb1 (Probable), Inactivated by checkpoint signaling following detection of cellular damage, leading to cell cycle arrest to allow damage repair (PubMed:9042863, PubMed:16049013), Inactivated during G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling (PubMed:9042863), Inactivated in response to defective RNA splicing (PubMed:16049013)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC2/CDKX subfamily


This is Alpha-galactosidase 1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 471 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 27 family


This is Alcohol oxidase 1 protein, from Yeast, contains 663 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Peroxisome.

Major isoform of alcohol oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide, the first step in the methanol utilization pathway of methylotrophic yeasts

Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family


This is Insulin-like growth factor I protein, from Mouse, contains 153 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity, May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts, Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake, May play a role in synapse maturation (By similarity), Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell in the olfactory bulb (PubMed:21496647), Acts as a ligand for IGF1R, Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways, Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4, Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling, Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1 (By similarity)


This is Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B protein, from Human, contains 364 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family


This is Arginase-1 protein, from Human, contains 322 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Functions in L-arginine homeostasis in nonhepatic tissues characterized by the competition between nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and arginase for the available intracellular substrate arginine, Arginine metabolism is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses, Involved in an antimicrobial effector pathway in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN), Upon PMN cell death is liberated from the phagolysosome and depletes arginine in the microenvironment leading to suppressed T cell and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and cytokine secretion (PubMed:15546957, PubMed:16709924, PubMed:19380772), In group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) promotes acute type 2 inflammation in the lung and is involved in optimal ILC2 proliferation but not survival (By similarity), In humans, the immunological role in the monocytic/macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) lineage is unsure


This is Polygalacturonase-2 protein, from Tomato, contains 457 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Catalytic subunit of the polygalacturonase isozyme 1 and 2 (PG1 and PG2), Acts in concert with the pectinesterase, in the ripening process, Is involved in cell wall metabolism, specifically in polyuronide degradation, The depolymerization and solubilization of cell wall polyuronides mediated by PG2 during ripening seems to be limited by the beta subunit GP1, probably by recruiting PG2 to form PG1

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family


This is Plasma serine protease inhibitor protein, from Human, contains 406 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Heparin-dependent serine protease inhibitor acting in body fluids and secretions, Inactivates serine proteases by binding irreversibly to their serine activation site, Involved in the regulation of intravascular and extravascular proteolytic activities, Plays hemostatic roles in the blood plasma, Acts as a procoagulant and pro-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the anticoagulant activated protein C factor as well as the generation of activated protein C factor by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex, Acts as an anticoagulant factor by inhibiting blood coagulation factors like prothrombin, factor XI, factor Xa, plasma kallikrein and fibrinolytic enzymes such as tissue- and urinary-type plasminogen activators, In seminal plasma, inactivates several serine proteases implicated in the reproductive system, Inhibits the serpin acrosin; indirectly protects component of the male genital tract from being degraded by excessive released acrosin, Inhibits tissue- and urinary-type plasminogen activator, prostate-specific antigen and kallikrein activities; has a control on the sperm motility and fertilization, Inhibits the activated protein C-catalyzed degradation of SEMG1 and SEMG2; regulates the degradation of semenogelin during the process of transfer of spermatozoa from the male reproductive tract into the female tract, In urine, inhibits urinary-type plasminogen activator and kallikrein activities, Inactivates membrane-anchored serine proteases activities such as MPRSS7 and TMPRSS11E, Inhibits urinary-type plasminogen activator-dependent tumor cell invasion and metastasis, May also play a non-inhibitory role in seminal plasma and urine as a hydrophobic hormone carrier by its binding to retinoic acid


This is Coagulation factor XIII B chain protein, from Human, contains 661 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

The B chain of factor XIII is not catalytically active, but is thought to stabilize the A subunits and regulate the rate of transglutaminase formation by thrombin


This is Propionyl-CoA carboxylase alpha chain, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 728 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

This is one of the 2 subunits of the biotin-dependent propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the catabolism of odd chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, threonine, methionine, and valine and other metabolites (PubMed:8434582, PubMed:6765947), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA/propanoyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA/(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA (PubMed:8434582, PubMed:6765947, PubMed:10101253), Within the holoenzyme, the alpha subunit catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain, while the beta subunit then transfers the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to propionyl-CoA (By similarity), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase also significantly acts on butyryl-CoA/butanoyl-CoA, which is converted to ethylmalonyl-CoA/(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA at a much lower rate (PubMed:6765947), Other alternative minor substrates include (2E)-butenoyl-CoA/crotonoyl-CoA (By similarity)


This is Cytochrome P450 1A2 protein, from Human, contains 516 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576), Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576), Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317), Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317), Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599), May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in the liver, Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376), Primarily catalyzes stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), displaying a strong preference for the (R,S) stereoisomer (PubMed:19965576), Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and omega-1 hydroxylation of PUFA (PubMed:9435160), May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent) (PubMed:21068195), Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, Catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin (PubMed:14725854), Metabolizes caffeine via N3-demethylation (Probable)


This is Heterochromatin protein 1 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 206 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Structural component of heterochromatin, involved in gene repression and the modification of position-effect-variegation, Recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein P1A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 106 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein P2A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 106 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha protein, from Rat, contains 358 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Directly and specifically enhances ribosomal DNA transcription interacting with RNA polymerase I-specific cofactors and inducing histone acetylation

Belongs to the bZIP family, C/EBP subfamily


This is Accessory gland-specific peptide 70A protein, from Fruit fly, contains 55 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Male seminal protein which triggers short- and long-term post-mating behavioral responses (PMR) in female Drosophila (PubMed:3135120, PubMed:19249273, PubMed:20308537, PubMed:19793753, PubMed:15694303, PubMed:24089336), Binds initially to sperm where it is later cleaved to release an active peptide within the female reproductive tract, Signals via the sex peptide receptor (SPR) in female flies; may also act via other receptors (PubMed:20458515, PubMed:20308537, PubMed:24089336), Moderates the activity of distinct neuronal circuitries in the female genital tract to promote specific PMRs including: enhanced ovulation, increased egg laying rate, increased feeding/foraging rate, induced antimicrobial peptide synthesis, reduced mating receptivity, reduced day-time sleep and reduced lifespan in multiple mated females (PubMed:3135120, PubMed:15694303, PubMed:19249273, PubMed:19793753, PubMed:24089336)

Belongs to the Drosophila sex peptide family


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 244 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein eL6B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 176 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL6 family


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein eL36A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 100 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL36 family


This is Calmodulin protein, from Fission yeast, contains 150 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+), Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases


This is NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 protein, from Rat, contains 274 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Flavin-containing quinone reductase that catalyzes two-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones using either NADH or NADPH as electron donors, In a ping-pong kinetic mechanism, the electrons are sequentially transferred from NAD(P)H to flavin cofactor and then from reduced flavin to the quinone, bypassing the formation of semiquinone and reactive oxygen species (PubMed:8999809, PubMed:1703398, PubMed:7862630), Regulates cellular redox state primarily through quinone detoxification, Reduces components of plasma membrane redox system such as coenzyme Q and vitamin quinones, producing antioxidant hydroquinone forms, In the process may function as superoxide scavenger to prevent hydroquinone oxidation and facilitate excretion (By similarity), Alternatively, can activate quinones and their derivatives by generating redox reactive hydroquinones with DNA cross-linking antitumor potential (By similarity), Acts as a gatekeeper of the core 20S proteasome known to degrade proteins with unstructured regions, Upon oxidative stress, interacts with tumor suppressors TP53 and TP73 in a NADH-dependent way and inhibits their ubiquitin-independent degradation by the 20S proteasome (By similarity)

Belongs to the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family


This is Hsp90 co-chaperone Cdc37 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 506 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Co-chaperone that binds to numerous kinases and promotes their interaction with the Hsp90 complex, resulting in stabilization and promotion of their activity, Involved in both the HOG and the PKC MAP kinase signaling cascade necessary for adaptation to stress conditions due to high osmolarity or cell wall perturbation


This is Catalase T protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 562 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase KIN28 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 306 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Catalytic component of the TFIIK complex (KIN28-CCL1 dimer) which is the protein kinase component of transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) and phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II during transition from transcription to elongation after preinitiation complex (PIC) formation, thereby positively regulating transcription, TFIIH (or factor B) is essential for both basal and activated transcription, and is involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA, TFIIH has DNA-dependent ATPase activity and is essential for polymerase II transcription in vitro, Essential for cell proliferation


This is Cholinesterase protein, from Human, contains 602 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Esterase with broad substrate specificity, Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters

Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family


This is NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 562 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

NAD-dependent deacetylase, which participates in a wide range of cellular events including chromosome silencing, chromosome segregation, DNA recombination and the determination of life span, Involved in transcriptional repression of the silent mating-type loci HML and HMR and telomeric silencing via its association with SIR3 and SIR4, Plays a central role in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) silencing via its association with the RENT complex, preventing hyperrecombination, and repressing transcription from foreign promoters, which contributes to extending life span, Probably represses transcription via the formation of heterochromatin structure, which involves the compaction of chromatin fiber into a more condensed form, although this complex in at least one case can still bind euchromatic levels of positive transcription regulators, Although it displays some NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity on histone H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac and histone H4K16Ac in vitro, such activity is unclear in vivo and may not be essential

Belongs to the sirtuin family, Class I subfamily


This is Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E protein, from Human, contains 217 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the protein complex eIF4F, which is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of mRNA to the ribosome (By similarity), This protein recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures (PubMed:16271312, PubMed:22578813), Together with EIF4G1, antagonizes the scanning promoted by EIF1-EIF4G1 and is required for TISU translation, a process where the TISU element recognition makes scanning unnecessary (PubMed:29987188), In addition to its role in translation initiation, also acts as a regulator of translation and stability in the cytoplasm (PubMed:24335285), Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression: in the complex, EIF4E mediates the binding to the mRNA cap (By similarity), Component of a multiprotein complex that sequesters and represses translation of proneurogenic factors during neurogenesis (By similarity), In P-bodies, component of a complex that mediates the storage of translationally inactive mRNAs in the cytoplasm and prevents their degradation (PubMed:24335285), May play an important role in spermatogenesis through translational regulation of stage-specific mRNAs during germ cell development (By similarity)

Belongs to the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E family


This is Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 protein, from Human, contains 702 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, has 6 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

(Microbial infection) Receptor for E,coli Dr adhesins, Binding of E,coli Dr adhesins leads to dissociation of the homodimer

Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, CEA family


This is Thymidylate synthase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 304 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Thymidylate synthase required for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides, Required for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis

Belongs to the thymidylate synthase family


This is Calmodulin protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 147 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+), Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases, Component of the spindle pole body (SPB) required for the proper execution of spindle pole body (SPB) duplication


This is Protein SPT2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 333 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Histone chaperone that stabilizes pre-existing histone tetramers and regulates replication-independent histone exchange on chromatin (PubMed:26109053), Required for normal chromatin refolding in the coding region of transcribed genes, and for the suppression of spurious transcription (PubMed:26109053), Global regulatory protein that plays positive as well as negative regulatory roles in transcription (PubMed:2072912)


This is Inactive pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 protein, from Dog, contains 467 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

May function as inhibitor of dietary triglyceride digestion, Lacks detectable lipase activity towards triglycerides, diglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, galactolipids or cholesterol esters (in vitro)

Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily, Lipase family


This is Major centromere autoantigen B protein, from Human, contains 599 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Interacts with centromeric heterochromatin in chromosomes and binds to a specific 17 bp subset of alphoid satellite DNA, called the CENP-B box (PubMed:11726497), May organize arrays of centromere satellite DNA into a higher-order structure which then directs centromere formation and kinetochore assembly in mammalian chromosomes (Probable)


This is Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 617 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the TOM (translocase of outer membrane) receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins, Together with TOM20 and TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the TOM40 translocation pore


This is SPARC protein, from Mouse, contains 302 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines, Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes, There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity


This is Protein krueppel protein, from Fruit fly, contains 502 amino acids, has 5 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Krueppel is a gap class segmentation protein, It is involved in the segmentation of the embryo and in the differentiation of the Malpighian tubules

Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is Arginine metabolism regulation protein I protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 177 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

With ARG81, ARG82 and MCM1, coordinates the expression of arginine anabolic and catabolic genes in response to arginine


This is Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 368 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation, The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase, The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol, In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c

Belongs to the peptidase M16 family, UQCRC2/QCR2 subfamily


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS19A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 144 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102), eS19 is required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, Binds to 40S pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA (PubMed:16159874, PubMed:17726054)

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS19B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 144 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA


This is Histone H1.0 protein, from Human, contains 194 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structures, The histones H1,0 are found in cells that are in terminal stages of differentiation or that have low rates of cell division


This is N-terminal acetyltransferase A complex catalytic subunit ARD1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 238 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalytic component of the NatA N-terminal acetyltransferase, which catalyzes acetylation of proteins beginning with Met-Ser, Met-Gly and Met-Ala, N-acetylation plays a role in normal eukaryotic translation and processing, protect against proteolytic degradation and protein turnover

Belongs to the acetyltransferase family, ARD1 subfamily


This is Mitosis inhibitor protein kinase wee1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 877 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Protein kinase that acts both on serines and on tyrosines, It acts as a dosage-dependent negative regulator of entry into mitosis (G2 to M transition), Phosphorylates and inhibits cdc2

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family, WEE1 subfamily


This is DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 335 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates, Common component of RNA polymerases I (Pol I) and III (Pol III) which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively, RPC40 is part of the polymerase core and may function as a clamp element that moves to open and close the cleft (PubMed:18160037, PubMed:24153182, PubMed:24153184), Plays an important role in targeting retrotransposons Ty integration upstream of pol III-transcribed genes such as tRNA genes, allowing Ty1, Ty2 and Ty4 to proliferate and yet minimizing genetic damage (PubMed:25931562)

Belongs to the archaeal Rpo3/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family