This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 499 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and central nervous system, Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output, Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient, The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane (PubMed:2223094), Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels with other family members; the channels characteristics depend critically on the types of channel-forming alpha subunits that are present (By similarity), Channel properties are modulated by cytoplasmic beta subunits that regulate the subcellular location of the alpha subunits (By similarity), In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member, Homotetrameric KCNA2 forms a delayed-rectifier potassium channel that opens in response to membrane depolarization, followed by slow spontaneous channel closure (PubMed:2223094), Regulates neuronal excitability and plays a role as pacemaker in the regulation of neuronal action potentials (By similarity), KCNA2-containing channels play a presynaptic role and prevent hyperexcitability and aberrant action potential firing (By similarity), Response to toxins that are selective for KCNA2-containing potassium channels suggests that in Purkinje cells, dendritic subthreshold KCNA2-containing potassium channels prevent random spontaneous calcium spikes, suppressing dendritic hyperexcitability without hindering the generation of somatic action potentials, and thereby play an important role in motor coordination (By similarity), Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity)

Belongs to the potassium channel family, A (Shaker) (TC 1,A,1,2) subfamily, Kv1,2/KCNA2 sub-subfamily


This is Argininosuccinate synthase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 420 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the eighth step in arginine biosynthesis, Also has a catabolic function as the first enzyme of citrulline utilization as nitrogen source via arginine and the reactions involved in the arginase pathway

Belongs to the argininosuccinate synthase family, Type 1 subfamily


This is Segmentation protein Runt protein, from Fruit fly, contains 510 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a pivotal role in regulating the expression of other pair-rule genes such as eve, ftz, and h


This is Myogenic-determination protein protein, from Fruit fly, contains 332 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May play an important role in the early development of muscle


This is Protein kinase kin1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 891 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Has a role in establishing the characteristic rod cell shape, Important for cell polarity and is involved in directing growth to the cell ends

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is DNA repair protein complementing XP-A cells protein, from Human, contains 273 amino acids, has 1  Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in DNA excision repair, Initiates repair by binding to damaged sites with various affinities, depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region, Required for UV-induced CHEK1 phosphorylation and the recruitment of CEP164 to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPD), sites of DNA damage after UV irradiation


This is ATP-dependent RNA helicase me31b protein, from Fruit fly, contains 459 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase which is a core component of a variety of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that play critical roles in translational repression and mRNA decapping during embryogenesis, oogenesis, neurogenesis and neurotransmission (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742, PubMed:17178403, PubMed:18590813, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:21447556, PubMed:28875934, PubMed:28388438, PubMed:17982591, PubMed:31114929), Recruits core components and translational repressors to some RNP complexes, and mediates RNP aggregation into processing granules such as P-bodies (PubMed:28875934, PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742, PubMed:17178403, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:21447556, PubMed:17982591), As part of a RNP complex containing tral, eIF4E1, cup, and pAbp, involved in RNP-mediated translational repression of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis and embryogenesis (PubMed:28875934), As part of a RNP complex containing tral and the RNA localization factors exu and yps, mediates translational silencing of mRNAs such as osk/oskar and bcd/bicoid during their transport to the oocyte in order to prevent their translation until they reach their positional destinations (PubMed:11546740), In neurons and possibly imaginal disks, involved in miRNA-mediated translational repression, possibly in association with components of the piRNA transposon silencing pathway (PubMed:21447556, PubMed:17178403, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:17982591, PubMed:21081899), Involved in RNA localization and protein trafficking in the oocyte (PubMed:11546740, PubMed:16256742), As part of an ER-associated RNP containing tral, cup and yps, required for tral-dependent ER exit site formation and consequently efficient trafficking of proteins such as grk and yl through the secretory pathway (PubMed:16256742), Component of neuron RNPs that mediate transport and translation of neuronal RNAs, including translation repression of synaptic transcripts in preparation for their dendritic targeting (PubMed:17178403, PubMed:21267420, PubMed:28388438), As part of the Atx2-Not1 repressor complex promotes Not1-dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing in adult circadian pacemaker neurons in order to sustain high-amplitude circadian rhythms and Pdf cycling in a per-independent manner (PubMed:28388438), Promotes the interaction between Atx2 and Not1 within the Atx2-Not1 RNP complex (PubMed:28388438), Recruited to the 4EHP-GYF2 complex by Gyf, where it plays a role in 4EHP-GYF2 mediated translational repression and mRNA decay (PubMed:31114929)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX6/DHH1 subfamily


This is Liver carboxylesterase 1 protein, from Human, contains 567 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs (PubMed:7980644, PubMed:9169443, PubMed:9490062, PubMed:18762277), Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acyl-CoA ester (PubMed:7980644, PubMed:9169443, PubMed:9490062, PubMed:18762277), Hydrolyzes the methyl ester group of cocaine to form benzoylecgonine (PubMed:7980644), Catalyzes the transesterification of cocaine to form cocaethylene (PubMed:7980644), Displays fatty acid ethyl ester synthase activity, catalyzing the ethyl esterification of oleic acid to ethyloleate (PubMed:7980644), Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol, Hydrolyzes of 2-arachidonoylglycerol and prostaglandins (PubMed:21049984), Hydrolyzes cellular cholesteryl esters to free cholesterols and promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by facilitating both the initial and final steps in the process (PubMed:18762277, PubMed:16024911, PubMed:11015575, PubMed:16971496), First of all, allows free cholesterol efflux from macrophages to extracellular cholesterol acceptors and secondly, releases free cholesterol from lipoprotein-delivered cholesteryl esters in the liver for bile acid synthesis or direct secretion into the bile (PubMed:18762277, PubMed:18599737, PubMed:16971496)

Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family


This is Meiosis-specific protein SPO11 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 398 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for meiotic recombination, Mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination, The action of SPO11 is important in setting off a regulatory chain of events encompassing 5' to 3' resection, When there are no SPO11-DSBs, resection of a site specific VDE-DSB takes place but it is faster than in wild-type meiosis and increases the risk of uncovering flanking homology


This is Chromobox protein homolog 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 183 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of heterochromatin, Recognizes and binds histone H3 tails methylated at 'Lys-9', leading to epigenetic repression, Probably involved in the repression of many genes located in euchromatin, such as E2F1, MYC and CDC25A, Involved in the formation of functional kinetochore through interaction with MIS12 complex proteins, Contributes to the conversion of local chromatin to a heterochromatin-like repressive state through H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation, mediates the recruitment of the methyltransferases SUV39H1 and/or SUV39H2 by the PER complex to the E-box elements of the circadian target genes such as PER2 itself or PER1 (PubMed:24413057), Mediates the recruitment of NIPBL to sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs) (By similarity)


This is Transcriptional regulator URE2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 354 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays an important role in nitrogen catabolite repression, Down-regulates the expression of many genes involved in nitrogen utilization by inhibiting the GATA transcriptional activators GLN3 and GAT1, Under good nitrogen conditions, binds to the phosphorylated forms of GLN3 and GAT1 and sequesters them in the cytoplasm, preventing transcription of genes expressed upon nitrogen limitation, Is also an atypical glutaredoxin without a catalytical cysteine residue, Has glutathione peroxidase and thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase activities in both native and fibrillar form, Also shows insulin disulfide reductase and dehydroascorbic acid reductase (DHAR) activities


This is Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha protein, from Mouse, contains 468 amino acids, has 2 NR C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

NR C4-type

NR C4-type

Ligand-activated transcription factor, Key regulator of lipid metabolism, Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC), Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety, Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids, Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids, Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes, Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2, May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily


This is Tubulin gamma-1 chain protein, from Human, contains 451 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules, The gamma chain is found at microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, Pericentriolar matrix component that regulates alpha/beta chain minus-end nucleation, centrosome duplication and spindle formation


This is Casein kinase I homolog 1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 538 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family, Casein kinase I subfamily


This is Casein kinase I homolog 2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 546 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase BUR1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 657 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase component of the BUR kinase complex involved in transcription regulation, This complex phosphorylates 'Ser-120' of the UBC2/RAD6 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), leading to monoubiquitination of histone H2B, the localization of the PAF1 complex to the chromatin, and the silencing of telomeric-associated genes, Also required for histone H3 'Lys-4' trimethylation, May phosphorylate the 'Ser-5' of the RBP1 carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) repeats, Necessary for the recovery from pheromone-induced growth arrest in the cell cycle G1 phase, The kinase activity of the complex requires the presence of BUR2

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC2/CDKX subfamily


This is Protein kinase C eta type protein, from Mouse, contains 683 amino acids, has 2 Phorbol-ester/DAG-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Phorbol-ester/DAG-type

Phorbol-ester/DAG-type

Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells, In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentiation, Associates with the cyclin CCNE1-CDK2-CDKN1B complex and inhibits CDK2 kinase activity, leading to RB1 dephosphorylation and thereby G1 arrest in keratinocytes, In association with RALA activates actin depolymerization, which is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation, In the pre-B cell receptor signaling, functions downstream of BLNK by up-regulating IRF4, which in turn activates L chain gene rearrangement, Regulates epithelial tight junctions (TJs) by phosphorylating occludin (OCLN) on threonine residues, which is necessary for the assembly and maintenance of TJs, In association with PLD2 and via TLR4 signaling, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RGS2 down-regulation and foam cell formation, Upon PMA stimulation, mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation by activating the mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway and the ERK1-dependent phosphorylation of ELK1, Involved in the protection of glioblastoma cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis by preventing caspase-9 activation, In camptothecin-treated MCF-7 cells, regulates NF-kappa-B upstream signaling by activating IKBKB, and confers protection against DNA damage-induced apoptosis, Promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria, Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes its nuclear retention and transcriptional activity and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, PKC subfamily


This is Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A-1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 157 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts (PubMed:10229683, PubMed:16157662, PubMed:16914118, PubMed:19338753, PubMed:19424157, PubMed:641056, PubMed:8307948, PubMed:9582285, PubMed:23727016, PubMed:24923804, PubMed:28392174, PubMed:36804914), Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome (PubMed:23727016, PubMed:24923804, PubMed:28392174), Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step (PubMed:36804914), Involved in actin dynamics and cell cycle progression, mRNA decay and probably in a pathway involved in stress response and maintenance of cell wall integrity (PubMed:16408210)


This is Interferon regulatory factor 8 protein, from Mouse, contains 424 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that specifically binds to the upstream regulatory region of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible MHC class I genes (the interferon consensus sequence (ICS)) (PubMed:2111015, PubMed:12393690), Can both act as a transcriptional activator or repressor (PubMed:2111015), Plays a negative regulatory role in cells of the immune system (PubMed:2111015), Involved in CD8(+) dendritic cell differentiation by forming a complex with the BATF-JUNB heterodimer in immune cells, leading to recognition of AICE sequence (5'-TGAnTCA/GAAA-3'), an immune-specific regulatory element, followed by cooperative binding of BATF and IRF8 and activation of genes (PubMed:12393690, PubMed:22992524), Required for the development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which produce most of the type I IFN in response to viral infection (PubMed:12461077, PubMed:12393690, PubMed:12538667, PubMed:23382217), Positively regulates macroautophagy in dendritic cells (By similarity), Acts as a transcriptional repressor of osteoclast differentiation factors such as NFATC1 and EEIG1 (PubMed:32741026)


This is Glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase I/II protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 448 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Glucanases possibly play a role in cell expansion during growth, in cell-cell fusion during mating, and in spore release during sporulation, This enzyme hydrolyzes both 1,3-beta- and 1,6-beta-linkages and even has beta-glucosidase activity, It could also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family


This is mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L2 protein, from Mouse, contains 484 amino acids, has 2 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Cytoplasm.

Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis (PubMed:22701344, PubMed:22367205, PubMed:25505318, PubMed:24830504, PubMed:27102483), Acts as a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery (By similarity), Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex and probably other components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE-containing mRNAs, and hence promotes ARE-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay processes (By similarity), Binds to 3'-UTR ARE of numerous mRNAs (PubMed:22701344, PubMed:22367205, PubMed:25505318, PubMed:24830504), Promotes ARE-containing mRNA decay of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) mRNA in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner (By similarity), Positively regulates early adipogenesis by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of immediate early genes (IEGs) (PubMed:22701344), Plays a role in mature peripheral neuron integrity by promoting ARE-containing mRNA decay of the transcriptional repressor REST mRNA (PubMed:25505318), Plays a role in ovulation and oocyte meiotic maturation by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of the luteinizing hormone receptor LHCGR mRNA (PubMed:24830504), Acts as a negative regulator of erythroid cell differentiation: promotes glucocorticoid-induced self-renewal of erythroid cells by binding mRNAs that are induced or highly expressed during terminal erythroid differentiation and promotes their degradation, preventing erythroid cell differentiation (PubMed:19633199, PubMed:23748442), In association with ZFP36L1 maintains quiescence on developing B lymphocytes by promoting ARE-mediated decay of several mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators that help B cells progress through the cell cycle, and hence ensuring accurate variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) recombination process and functional immune cell formation (PubMed:27102483), Together with ZFP36L1 is also necessary for thymocyte development and prevention of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) transformation by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of the oncogenic transcription factor NOTCH1 mRNA (PubMed:20622884)


This is mRNA decay activator protein ZFP36L1 protein, from Mouse, contains 338 amino acids, has 2 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Cytoplasm.

Zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several cytoplasmic AU-rich element (ARE)-containing mRNA transcripts by promoting their poly(A) tail removal or deadenylation, and hence provide a mechanism for attenuating protein synthesis (PubMed:22701344, PubMed:24700863, PubMed:24733888, PubMed:27102483), Acts as a 3'-untranslated region (UTR) ARE mRNA-binding adapter protein to communicate signaling events to the mRNA decay machinery (By similarity), Functions by recruiting the CCR4-NOT deadenylating complex and components of the cytoplasmic RNA decay machinery to the bound ARE-containing mRNAs, and hence promotes ARE-mediated mRNA deadenylation and decay processes (By similarity), Induces also the degradation of ARE-containing mRNAs even in absence of poly(A) tail (By similarity), Binds to 3'-UTR ARE of numerous mRNAs (PubMed:22701344, PubMed:24700863, PubMed:24733888), Positively regulates early adipogenesis by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of immediate early genes (IEGs) (PubMed:22701344), Promotes ARE-mediated mRNA decay of mineralocorticoid receptor NR3C2 mRNA in response to hypertonic stress (PubMed:24700863), Negatively regulates hematopoietic/erythroid cell differentiation by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of the transcription factor STAT5B mRNA (By similarity), Positively regulates monocyte/macrophage cell differentiation by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK6 mRNA (By similarity), Promotes degradation of ARE-containing pluripotency-associated mRNAs in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), such as NANOG, through a fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced MAPK-dependent signaling pathway, and hence attenuates ESC self-renewal and positively regulates mesendoderm differentiation (PubMed:24733888), May play a role in mediating pro-apoptotic effects in malignant B-cells by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of BCL2 mRNA (By similarity), In association with ZFP36L2 maintains quiescence on developing B lymphocytes by promoting ARE-mediated decay of several mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators that help B cells progress through the cell cycle, and hence ensuring accurate variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) recombination and functional immune cell formation (PubMed:27102483), Together with ZFP36L2 is also necessary for thymocyte development and prevention of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) transformation by promoting ARE-mediated mRNA decay of the oncogenic transcription factor NOTCH1 mRNA (PubMed:20622884), Involved in the delivery of target ARE-mRNAs to processing bodies (PBs) (By similarity), In addition to its cytosolic mRNA-decay function, plays a role in the regulation of nuclear mRNA 3'-end processing; modulates mRNA 3'-end maturation efficiency of the DLL4 mRNA through binding with an ARE embedded in a weak noncanonical polyadenylation (poly(A)) signal in endothelial cells (By similarity), Also involved in the regulation of stress granule (SG) and P-body (PB) formation and fusion (By similarity), Plays a role in vasculogenesis and endocardial development (PubMed:15226444, PubMed:17013884), Involved in the regulation of keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (By similarity), Plays a role in myoblast cell differentiation (PubMed:17889962)


This is Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter protein, from Human, contains 617 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (PubMed:2008212, PubMed:8125921), Can also mediate sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine (PubMed:8125921, PubMed:11093780)

Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2,A,22) family, SLC6A2 subfamily


This is Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter protein, from Rat, contains 619 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine (PubMed:1948035, PubMed:1948034, PubMed:1765147, PubMed:1502198, PubMed:8125921), Also mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (PubMed:8125921), Regulator of light-dependent retinal hyaloid vessel regression, downstream of OPN5 signaling (By similarity)

Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2,A,22) family, SLC6A3 subfamily


This is Interleukin-32 protein, from Human, contains 234 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cytokine that may play a role in innate and adaptive immune responses, It induces various cytokines such as TNFA/TNF-alpha and IL8, It activates typical cytokine signal pathways of NF-kappa-B and p38 MAPK


This is Endochitinase B protein, from Common tobacco, contains 324 amino acids, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family, Chitinase class I subfamily


This is Homeotic protein knotted-1 protein, from Maize, contains 359 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds to RNA (PubMed:17965274), Possible transcription factor that regulates genes involved in development, Mutations in KN-1 alter leaf development, Foci of cells along the lateral vein do not differentiate properly but continue to divide, forming knots, May participate in the switch from indeterminate to determinate cell fates, Probably binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGAC-3'

Belongs to the TALE/KNOX homeobox family


This is Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 1 protein, from Human, contains 653 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Substrate-binding subunit of the Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) complex, Binds unprenylated Rab proteins and presents the substrate peptide to the catalytic component B composed of RABGGTA and RABGGTB, and remains bound to it after the geranylgeranyl transfer reaction, The component A is thought to be regenerated by transferring its prenylated Rab back to the donor membrane, Besides, a pre-formed complex consisting of CHM and the Rab GGTase dimer (RGGT or component B) can bind to and prenylate Rab proteins; this alternative pathway is proposed to be the predominant pathway for Rab protein geranylgeranylation


This is Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha protein, from Human, contains 165 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

In T-cells, functions as a regulator of p38 MAPKs by inhibiting p88 phosphorylation and activity (By similarity), Might affect PCNA interaction with some CDK (cell division protein kinase) complexes; stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro and inhibits entry of cells into S phase


This is Thromboxane-A synthase protein, from Human, contains 533 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a potent inducer of blood vessel constriction and platelet aggregation (PubMed:8436233, PubMed:11297515, PubMed:9873013, PubMed:11097184, PubMed:24009185, PubMed:22735388), Cleaves also PGH2 to 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoicacid (12-HHT) and malondialdehyde, which is known to act as a mediator of DNA damage, 12-HHT and malondialdehyde are formed stoichiometrically in the same amounts as TXA2 (PubMed:11297515, PubMed:9873013, PubMed:22735388), Additionally, displays dehydratase activity, toward (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate (15(S)-HPETE) producing 15-KETE and 15-HETE (PubMed:17459323)


This is ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 617 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in translation initiation, Remodels RNA in response to ADP and ATP concentrations by facilitating disruption, but also formation of RNA duplexes (By similarity), Redundant to DED1, may be required in conditions in which DED1 expression is decreased

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX3/DED1 subfamily


This is G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 protein, from Human, contains 410 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition

Belongs to the cyclin family, Cyclin E subfamily


This is Cytochrome P450 2F1 protein, from Human, contains 491 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

May be involved in the metabolism of various pneumotoxicants including naphthalene, Is able to dealkylate ethoxycoumarin, propoxycoumarin, and pentoxyresorufin but possesses no activity toward ethoxyresorufin and only trace dearylation activity toward benzyloxyresorufin, Bioactivates 3-methylindole (3MI) by dehydrogenation to the putative electrophile 3-methylene-indolenine


This is Platelet-activating factor receptor protein, from Human, contains 342 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for platelet activating factor, a chemotactic phospholipid mediator that possesses potent inflammatory, smooth-muscle contractile and hypotensive activity, Seems to mediate its action via a G protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 protein, from Rat, contains 585 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons, The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10482766, PubMed:14679187), Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNC2, and possibly other family members as well (PubMed:10482766, PubMed:14679187), Contributes to fire sustained trains of very brief action potentials at high frequency in pallidal neurons (PubMed:10482766)

Belongs to the potassium channel family, C (Shaw) (TC 1,A,1,2) subfamily, Kv3,1/KCNC1 sub-subfamily


This is Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha homolog protein, from Fruit fly, contains 457 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems

Belongs to the G-alpha family, G(12) subfamily


This is DnaJ-related protein SCJ1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 377 amino acids, has 1 CR-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

CR-type

Regulates protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, Probably acts as a J-protein for the Hsp70-type chaperone KAR2 by stimulating its ATP-dependent reaction cycle and initiating folding reactions, Also involved in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) process, Cooperates with KAR2 and another J-protein JEM1 to facilitate the export of ERAD substrates to the cytoplasm by maintaining them in a translocation-competent state and preventing their aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen


This is Elongation of fatty acids protein 2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 347 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Component of a microsomal membrane-bound long-chain fatty acid elongation system, which produces the 20-26-carbon very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) from long-chain fatty acid precursors and is involved ceramide and inositol sphingolipid biosynthesis, Component of elongase II, which elongates 16-18 carbon fatty acyl-CoAs such as palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA to 20-22-carbon fatty acids by incorporation of malonyl-CoA (PubMed:9211877, PubMed:12684876), Involved in the synthesis of 1,3-beta-glucan (PubMed:7768822), The enzymes active site faces the cytosol, whereas VLCFA length is determined by a lysine near the luminal end of transmembrane helix 6 (PubMed:17719544), Plays an important role in lipotoxic cell death induced by oleic acid through maintaining a balanced fatty acid composition in thr plasma membrane (PubMed:29458843)


This is Ribosomal RNA-processing protein 7 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 297 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays an important role in the synthesis of 18S rRNA but is not required for the 5,8S and 25S pathway, Is necessary for the cleavage at site A2, Is required for efficient association of RPS27 with the pre-ribosomal particle


This is LAS seventeen-binding protein 5 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 354 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Essential for the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, fluid phase endocytosis and vesicle trafficking, together with YSC84


This is Cysteine desulfurase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 497 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine (PubMed:15220327), It supplies the inorganic sulfur for iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters (PubMed:10406803, PubMed:10551871, PubMed:15220327, PubMed:31040179), Plays a role in both tRNA-processing and mitochondrial metabolism (PubMed:15220327), Involved in the 2-thio-modification of both 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine in mitochondrial tRNAs and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U) in cytoplasmic tRNAs (PubMed:14722066, PubMed:15220327, PubMed:8444805)

Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, NifS/IscS subfamily


This is Rheb-like protein RHB1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 209 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Involved in the regulation of arginine and lysine uptake, Acts through the CAN1 permease

Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rheb family


This is Ribosome assembly protein 4 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 515 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in ribosome biogenesis, Required for processing and efficient intra-nuclear transport of pre-60S ribosomal subunits, Interacts with the AAA-ATPase Midasin (MDN1/REA1), which is essential for the ATP-dependent dissociation of a group of nonribosomal factors from the pre-60S particle


This is Venom nerve growth factor protein, from Levantine viper, contains 244 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems, It stimulates division and differentiation of sympathetic and embryonic sensory neurons as well as basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the brain, Its relevance in the snake venom is not clear, However, it has been shown to inhibit metalloproteinase-dependent proteolysis of platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha, suggesting a metalloproteinase inhibition to prevent metalloprotease autodigestion and/or protection against prey proteases (By similarity), Binds a lipid between the two protein chains in the homodimer, The lipid-bound form promotes histamine relase from mouse mast cells, contrary to the lipid-free form (By similarity), It promotes neurite outgrowth in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells (PubMed:19463841)


This is DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC4 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 422 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates, Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, Essential for tRNA synthesis, The RPC53/RPC4-RPC37/RPC5 subcomplex is required for terminator recognition and reinitiation

Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC4/POLR3D RNA polymerase subunit family


This is Meiotic recombination protein DMC1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 334 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for meiotic recombination, synaptonemal complex formation and cell cycle progression, Recruited to meiosis recombination hotspots by MEI5 and SAE3

Belongs to the RecA family, DMC1 subfamily


This is DNA repair protein RAD51 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 400 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required both for recombination and for the repair of DNA damage caused by X-rays, Its function may be modulated by interaction with other repair proteins, RAD52 interacts directly with RAD51, via its C-terminus, Forms a nucleoprotein filament with DNA as an early intermediate in recombination

Belongs to the RecA family, RAD51 subfamily


This is Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 protein, from Human, contains 414 amino acids, has 4 C2H2-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair; proposed to target the INO80 complex to YY1-responsive elements

Belongs to the YY transcription factor family


This is Poly(A) polymerase alpha protein, from Bovine, contains 739 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's, Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites, May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus

Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family


This is RNA-binding protein SRO9 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 434 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May overlap in function with tropomyosin and may be involved in organization of actin filaments, Acts as a multicopy suppressor of RHO3 mutation, RNA-binding protein which may modulate mRNA translation, Involved in heme regulation of HAP1, as a component of the high-molecular-weight complex (HMC)


This is Mitochondrial inner membrane i-AAA protease supercomplex subunit MGR1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 417 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the mitochondrial inner membrane i-AAA protease supercomplex required for mitochondrial inner membrane protein turnover, Together with MGR3, functions in an adapter complex that targets substrates to the i-AAA protease for degradation, Required for growth of cells lacking the mitochondrial genome


This is ER membrane protein complex subunit 1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 760 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins (PubMed:29809151), Preferentially accommodates proteins with transmembrane domains that are weakly hydrophobic or contain destabilizing features such as charged and aromatic residues (PubMed:29809151), Involved in the cotranslational insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become ER membrane spanning helices (PubMed:29809151), It is also required for the post-translational insertion of tail-anchored/TA proteins in endoplasmic reticulum membranes, By mediating the proper cotranslational insertion of N-terminal transmembrane domains in an N-exo topology, with translocated N-terminus in the lumen of the ER, controls the topology of multi-pass membrane proteins (By similarity)


This is Protein PBN1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 416 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Required for proper folding and/or the stability of a subset of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, Aids the autocatalytic processing of PRB1, Component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-mannosyltransferase 1 which transfers the first of the 4 mannoses in the GPI-anchor precursors during GPI-anchor biosynthesis, Probably acts by stabilizing the mannosyltransferase GPI14


This is 27S pre-rRNA (guanosine(2922)-2'-O)-methyltransferase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 841 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for proper assembly of pre-ribosomal particles during the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit, Specifically methylates the guanosine in position 2922 of the 25S rRNA at the stage of 27S pre-rRNA maturation, Methylates also the uridine in position 2921 in the absence of methylation of this residue guided by snoRNA snR52 at the stage of 35S pre-rRNA maturation

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, RNA methyltransferase RlmE family, SPB1 subfamily


This is KRR1 small subunit processome component protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 316 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for 40S ribosome biogenesis, Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly, Essential for vegetative growth


This is vacuole-related protein 17 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 423 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Vacuole-specific MYO2 receptor required for vacuole inheritance, Binds simultaneously to MYO2 and to VAC8, a vacuolar membrane protein, forming a transport complex which moves the attached vacuole membrane along actin cables into the bud, Once the vacuole arrives in the bud, VAC17 is degraded, depositing the vacuole in its correct location


This is Periodic tryptophan protein 2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 923 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for bud-site selection and cell separation, Also involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA


This is [Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 2, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 442 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Protein phosphatase that shows typical type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) activity (PubMed:17002782), Catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the E1 alpha subunit (PDA1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PubMed:18180296), Required for efficient mitophagy in stationary phase cells (PubMed:17166847)


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase C, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 182 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins, It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides, This isozyme is required for growth on lactate at high temperature

Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family


This is Rhombotin-2 protein, from Mouse, contains 158 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts with TAL1/SCL to regulate red blood cell development, Also acts with LDB1 to maintain erythroid precursors in an immature state


This is ATP-dependent rRNA helicase SPB4 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 606 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits (PubMed:2408148, PubMed:25579579), Binds 90S pre-ribosomal particles and dissociates from pre-60S ribosomal particles after processing of 27SB pre-rRNA (PubMed:21825077), Required for the normal formation of 18S rRNA through the processing of pre-rRNAs at sites A0, A1 and A2, and the normal formation of 25S and 5,8S rRNAs through the processing of pre-rRNAs at sites C1 and C2 (PubMed:9769101), Also required for recruitment of NOG2 to pre-ribosomes (PubMed:22735702)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX55/SPB4 subfamily


This is Aquaporin TIP1-1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 251 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Water channel required to facilitate the transport of water, diffusion of amino acids and/or peptides from the vacuolar compartment to the cytoplasm, Does not promote glycerol permeability, May play a role in the control of cell turgor and cell expansion, Its function is impaired by Hg(2+), May be involved in a vesicle-based metabolite routing through or between pre-vacuolar compartments and the central vacuole, Transports urea in yeast cells in a pH-independent manner, Transports H(2)O(2) in yeast cells

Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1,A,8) family, TIP (TC 1,A,8,10) subfamily


This is DNA mismatch repair protein MSH2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 964 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR), Forms two different heterodimers: MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer) and MutS beta (MSH2-MSH3 heterodimer), which bind to DNA mismatches thereby initiating DNA repair, MSH2 seems to act as a scaffold for the other MutS homologs that provide substrate-binding and substrate specificity, When bound, heterodimers bend the DNA helix and shield approximately 20 base pairs, MutS alpha acts mainly to repair base-base and single insertion-deletion mismatches that occur during replication, but can also repair longer insertion-deletion loops (IDLs), although with decreasing efficiency as the size of the extrahelical loop increases, MutS beta acts mainly to repair IDLs from 2 to 13 nucleotides in size, but can also repair base-base and single insertion-deletion mismatches, After mismatch binding, MutS alpha or beta form a ternary complex with a MutL heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis, ATP binding and hydrolysis play a pivotal role in mismatch repair functions, Both subunits bind ATP, but with differing affinities, and their ATPase kinetics are also very different, MSH6 binds and hydrolyzes ATP rapidly, whereas MSH2 catalyzes ATP at a substantially slower rate, Binding to a mismatched base pair suppresses MSH6-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, but not the activity of MSH2, ATP binding to both subunits is necessary to trigger a change in MutS alpha interaction with mismatched DNA, converting MutS alpha into a sliding clamp capable of hydrolysis-independent movement along DNA, and also facilitates formation of ternary complexes containing MutS and MutL proteins and the mismatch, MutS beta also has a role in regulation of heteroduplex formation during mitotic and meiotic recombination, MutS beta binds to DNA flap structures predicted to form during recombination, and is required for 3' non-homologous tail removal (NHTR), MutS beta-binding alters the DNA conformation of its substrate at the ds/ssDNA junction and may facilitate its recognition and/or cleavage by the downstream nucleotide excision repair (NER) RAD1-RAD10 endonuclease

Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family


This is Beta-amylase 5 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 498 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Beta-amylase activity, Major cytosolic beta-amylase isoform in rosette leaves and inflorescences stems

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family


This is Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase GAPB, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 447 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the photosynthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin-Benson cycle), Catalyzes the reduction of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate by NADPH (By similarity)

Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family


This is Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX6 protein, from Human, contains 483 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Essential for the formation of P-bodies, cytosolic membrane-less ribonucleoprotein granules involved in RNA metabolism through the coordinated storage of mRNAs encoding regulatory functions (PubMed:25995375, PubMed:27342281, PubMed:31422817), Plays a role in P-bodies to coordinate the storage of translationally inactive mRNAs in the cytoplasm and prevent their degradation (PubMed:27342281), In the process of mRNA degradation, plays a role in mRNA decapping (PubMed:16364915), Blocks autophagy in nutrient-rich conditions by repressing the expression of ATG-related genes through degradation of their transcripts (PubMed:26098573)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX6/DHH1 subfamily


This is Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 563 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation, Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways, The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism, Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids, In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols, Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids derived from threonine (2-oxobutanoate), norvaline (2-oxopentanoate), valine (3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate, also alpha-keto-isovalerate), isoleucine ((3S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, also alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate), phenylalanine (phenylpyruvate), and tryptophan (3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate), whereas transaminated leucine is no substrate, In a side-reaction the carbanionic intermediate (or active aldehyde) generated by decarboxylation or by activation of an aldehyde can react with an aldehyde via condensation (or carboligation) yielding a 2-hydroxy ketone, collectively called acyloins, The expression level of this protein in the presence of fermentable carbon sources is so low that it cannot compensate for the other two pyruvate decarboxylases to sustain fermentation


This is Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial protein, from Rat, contains 390 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle


This is APC/C activator protein CDC20 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 610 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Activator protein that regulates the ubiquitin ligase activity and substrate specificity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), At the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, recognizes and binds proteins containing a D-box including the B-type cyclins CLB2 and CLB5, HSL1 and securin PDS1, and recruits them in a C-box-dependent manner to the APC/C for ubiquitination and subsequent proteolysis, Required for sister chromatid separation and disassembly of the mitotic spindle, Target of the spindle checkpoint pathway through participation in the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) and the MAD2-CDC20 subcomplex, MCC and presumably the MAD2-CDC20 subcomplex inhibit the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by preventing its activation by CDC20 until proper attachment of all chromosomes to the spindle

Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family


This is DNA mismatch repair protein msh3 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 993 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR), Heterodimerizes with msh2 to form MutS beta, which binds to DNA mismatches thereby initiating DNA repair, Msh3 provides substrate-binding and substrate specificity to the complex, When bound, the MutS beta heterodimer bends the DNA helix and shields approximately 20 base pairs, Acts mainly to repair insertion-deletion loops (IDLs) from 2 to 13 nucleotides in size, but can also repair base-base and single insertion-deletion mismatches that occur during replication, After mismatch binding, forms a ternary complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimination, excision, and resynthesis, ATP binding and hydrolysis play a pivotal role in mismatch repair functions (By similarity), Involved in termination of copy-synthesis during mating-type switching

Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family, MSH3 subfamily


This is GTP:AMP phosphotransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 225 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates, Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities, Does not accept ATP as phosphate donor

Belongs to the adenylate kinase family, AK3 subfamily


This is Rab proteins geranylgeranyltransferase component A 2 protein, from Human, contains 656 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Substrate-binding subunit (component A) of the Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (GGTase) complex, Binds unprenylated Rab proteins and presents the substrate peptide to the catalytic component B, The component A is thought to be regenerated by transferring its prenylated Rab back to the donor membrane, Less effective than CHM in supporting prenylation of Rab3 family


This is Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 protein, from Rabbit, contains 832 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, Exchanges intracellular H(+) ions for extracellular Na(+) in 1:1 stoichiometry, playing a key role in salt and fluid absorption and pH homeostasis (PubMed:8244988, PubMed:16540524, PubMed:19088451, PubMed:18614797, PubMed:20736165), Major apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in kidney and intestine playing an important role in renal and intestine Na(+) absorption and blood pressure regulation (By similarity)

Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2,A,36) family


This is Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 protein, from Rat, contains 831 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, Exchanges intracellular H(+) ions for extracellular Na(+) in 1:1 stoichiometry, playing a key role in salt and fluid absorption and pH homeostasis (PubMed:8393860, PubMed:9442041), Major apical Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in kidney and intestine playing an important role in renal and intestine Na(+) absorption and blood pressure regulation (By similarity)

Belongs to the monovalent cation:p,roton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2,A,36) family


This is General transcription and DNA repair factor IIH helicase subunit XPD protein, from Fission yeast, contains 772 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to TFIIK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II, In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment, The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPD/rad15 is required for DNA opening, In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation, When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape, Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module TFIIK controls the initiation of transcription, XPD/rad15 acts by forming a bridge between TFIIK and the core-TFIIH complex, Involved in the maintenance of the fidelity of DNA replication

Belongs to the helicase family, RAD3/XPD subfamily


This is Serine-arginine protein 55 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 376 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential for development, May have a critical role in splicing or in controlling alternative splice site use of at least some pre-mRNA in vivo, Not required for all splicing, May play a general role in the condensation or decondensation of chromatin

Belongs to the splicing factor SR family


This is Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 361 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway, Plays an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade, Depending on the cellular context, this cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, The MAPK/ERK cascade also plays a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, Many of the substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation, However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis, Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis, Phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), myelin basic protein (MBP) and Elk-1, Phosphorylates dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) during meiosis, increasing its stability, Activated by M phase promoting factor (MPF), Plays a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase subfamily


This is NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein protein, from Human, contains 216 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Functions as an activating and costimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells, Provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to cytotoxic activity, Acts as a costimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8(+) T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation, Stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells, Signaling involves calcium influx, culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha, Participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection, May play a regulatory role in differentiation and survival of NK cells, Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including MICA, MICB, RAET1E, RAET1G, RAET1L/ULBP6, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 (ULBP2>ULBP1>ULBP3) and ULBP4


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 199 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family


This is Adenylate kinase 4, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 223 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111, PubMed:24767988), Efficiently phosphorylates AMP and dAMP using ATP as phosphate donor, but phosphorylates only AMP when using GTP as phosphate donor (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111), Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity (PubMed:19073142, PubMed:19766732, PubMed:23416111), Plays a role in controlling cellular ATP levels by regulating phosphorylation and activation of the energy sensor protein kinase AMPK (PubMed:24767988, PubMed:26980435), Plays a protective role in the cellular response to oxidative stress (PubMed:19130895, PubMed:23474458, PubMed:26980435)


This is MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 3 protein, from Human, contains 753 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase (PubMed:23666762), Involved in the specific phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins for MAP2 and MAP4, Phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein MAPT/TAU (PubMed:23666762), Phosphorylates CDC25C on 'Ser-216' (PubMed:12941695), Regulates localization and activity of some histone deacetylases by mediating phosphorylation of HDAC7, promoting subsequent interaction between HDAC7 and 14-3-3 and export from the nucleus (PubMed:16980613), Negatively regulates the Hippo signaling pathway and antagonizes the phosphorylation of LATS1, Cooperates with DLG5 to inhibit the kinase activity of STK3/MST2 toward LATS1 (PubMed:28087714), Phosphorylates PKP2 and KSR1 (PubMed:12941695)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, SNF1 subfamily


This is G0/G1 switch protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 103 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Promotes apoptosis by binding to BCL2, hence preventing the formation of protective BCL2-BAX heterodimers


This is Nuclear localization sequence-binding protein protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 414 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in pre-rRNA processing (PubMed:1644811), Specifically binds nuclear localization sequences (PubMed:1706724), Candidate for a receptor at the nucleus that may be involved in both RNA and protein transport (Probable), Binds telomeric sequences of the type (TG[1-3])n in vitro (PubMed:7800479)


This is Low-affinity phosphate transporter PHO91 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 894 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Vacuolar phosphate transporter that probably exports phosphate from the vacuolar lumen to the cytosol

Belongs to the CitM (TC 2,A,11) transporter family


This is Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 4, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 251 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

The light-harvesting complex (LHC) functions as a light receptor, it captures and delivers excitation energy to photosystems with which it is closely associated

Belongs to the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) protein family


This is Lysosome membrane protein 2 protein, from Rat, contains 478 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as a lysosomal receptor for glucosylceramidase (GBA1) targeting


This is Ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 312 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway, Catalyzes the methylation of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate (DHHB) to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoate (HMHB) and the methylation of 2-hexaprenyl-3-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (3-demethylubiquinol-6) to ubiquinol-6

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, UbiG/COQ3 family


This is Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit protein, from Human, contains 616 amino acids, has 1 C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress, It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism (PubMed:27723720, PubMed:27723717), Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage (PubMed:9430682), In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation, Through recruitment of ATRIP activates the ATR kinase a master regulator of the DNA damage response (PubMed:24332808), It is required for the recruitment of the DNA double-strand break repair factors RAD51 and RAD52 to chromatin in response to DNA damage (PubMed:17765923), Also recruits to sites of DNA damage proteins like XPA and XPG that are involved in nucleotide excision repair and is required for this mechanism of DNA repair (PubMed:7697716), Also plays a role in base excision repair (BER) probably through interaction with UNG (PubMed:9765279), Also recruits SMARCAL1/HARP, which is involved in replication fork restart, to sites of DNA damage, Plays a role in telomere maintenance (PubMed:17959650, PubMed:34767620), As part of the alternative replication protein A complex, aRPA, binds single-stranded DNA and probably plays a role in DNA repair, Compared to the RPA2-containing, canonical RPA complex, may not support chromosomal DNA replication and cell cycle progression through S-phase, The aRPA may not promote efficient priming by DNA polymerase alpha but could support DNA synthesis by polymerase delta in presence of PCNA and replication factor C (RFC), the dual incision/excision reaction of nucleotide excision repair and RAD51-dependent strand exchange (PubMed:19996105)

Belongs to the replication factor A protein 1 family


This is Atypical kinase COQ8, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 501 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Atypical kinase involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration (PubMed:27499294), Affects the molecular organization and function of COQ3, possibly through kinase activity towards COQ3, COQ5 and/or COQ7 (PubMed:11279158, PubMed:15063807, PubMed:1648478, PubMed:18801050, PubMed:19002377, PubMed:21296186, PubMed:9210471, PubMed:9266513, PubMed:25498144), Its substrate specificity is unclear: does not show any protein kinase activity (PubMed:27499294), Probably acts as a small molecule kinase, possibly a lipid kinase that phosphorylates a prenyl lipid in the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway, as suggested by its ability to bind coenzyme Q lipid intermediates (By similarity)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, ADCK protein kinase family


This is Deoxycytidine kinase protein, from Human, contains 260 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Phosphorylates the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine, deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine (PubMed:1996353, PubMed:12808445, PubMed:18377927, PubMed:19159229, PubMed:20614893, PubMed:20637175), Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate, It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents (PubMed:12808445)


This is Transthyretin protein, from Chicken, contains 150 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Thyroid hormone-binding protein, Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain


This is Ferredoxin-1, chloroplastic protein, from Maize, contains 150 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions, Occupies a key position both for transferring the photoreducing power to Fd-NADP(+) oxidoreductase (FNR), hence the formation of NADPH, and for mediating the cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (PSI)

Belongs to the 2Fe2S plant-type ferredoxin family


This is Recombination repair protein 1 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 679 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a role in the cellular response to oxidative stress by promoting DNA repair mechanisms such as base excision repair and possibly homologous recombination repair (PubMed:1713691, PubMed:16507570), Functions as an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents (PubMed:16507570), Likely to initiate repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends (By similarity), Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER (PubMed:16507570), Has apurinic endonuclease and double-stranded DNA 3'-exonuclease activities and carries out single-stranded DNA renaturation in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner (PubMed:1713691, PubMed:8918793), Activity is more efficient in purine-rich regions of dsDNA than in pyrimidine-rich regions (PubMed:8918793)

Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family


This is Trichome differentiation protein GL1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 228 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator, when associated with BHLH2/EGL3/MYC146 or BHLH12/MYC1, Involved in epidermal cell fate specification in leaves, Together with TTG1 and GL3, promotes trichome formation and endoreplication, Regulates the production of a signal that induces hair (trichome) precursor cells on leaf primordia to differentiate, Binds to the WER-binding sites (WBS) promoter regions and activates the transcription of target genes (By similarity)


This is Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter protein, from Bovine, contains 693 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of dopamine (PubMed:1722321), Also mediates sodium- and chloride-dependent transport of norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) (By similarity), Regulator of light-dependent retinal hyaloid vessel regression, downstream of OPN5 signaling (By similarity)

Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2,A,22) family, SLC6A3 subfamily


This is DNA-directed RNA polymerases I and III subunit RPAC2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 142 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates, Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively

Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family


This is Pre-mRNA-processing protein 45 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 379 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in pre-mRNA splicing, Associated with the spliceosome throughout the splicing reactions, until after the second catalytic step


This is H/ACA ribonucleoprotein complex subunit GAR1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 205 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Non-catalytic component of the H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (H/ACA snoRNP), which catalyzes pseudouridylation of rRNA and is required for ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:9303321, PubMed:9843512), This involves the isomerization of uridine such that the ribose is subsequently attached to C5, instead of the normal N1 (PubMed:9303321, PubMed:9843512), Pseudouridine ('psi') residues may serve to stabilize the conformation of rRNAs (PubMed:9843512), The H/ACA snoRNP complex also mediates pseudouridylation of other types of RNAs (PubMed:21131909), The H/ACA snoRNP complex mediates pseudouridylation at position 93 in U2 snRNA (PubMed:21131909), Essential for growth (PubMed:9303321)


This is Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 protein, from Human, contains 291 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor involved in the specification of the lactotrope, somatotrope, and thyrotrope phenotypes in the developing anterior pituitary, Specifically binds to the consensus sequence 5'-TAAAT-3', Activates growth hormone and prolactin genes (PubMed:22010633, PubMed:26612202)

Belongs to the POU transcription factor family, Class-1 subfamily


This is Ras-related protein RABD2a protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 203 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Protein transport, Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily, Rab family


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D protein, from Human, contains 377 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, May also play a role in regulating the release of other neurotransmitters, May play a role in vasoconstriction

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B protein, from Human, contains 390 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways, Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, nociceptive processing, pain perception, mood and behavior, Besides, plays a role in vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries


This is Tropomodulin-1 protein, from Human, contains 359 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end, The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton, May play an important role in regulating the organization of actin filaments by preferentially binding to a specific tropomyosin isoform at its N-terminus


This is Alkaline protease 1 protein, from Neosartorya fumigata, contains 403 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Secreted alkaline protease that allows assimilation of proteinaceous substrates, Acts as a significant virulence factor in invasive aspergillosis, Involved in immune evasion from the human and mice complement systems during infection, Efficiently cleaves important components of the complement cascade such as such as C3, C4, C5, and C1q, as well as IgG, which leads to down-regulation of complement activation at the hyphal surface


This is Cystatin-D protein, from Human, contains 142 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor that possibly plays a protective role against proteinases present in the oral cavity, The order of preference for inhibition is cathepsin S > cathepsin H > cathepsin L > cathepsin B


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B protein, from Mouse, contains 386 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances, Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways, Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, nociceptive processing, pain perception, mood and behavior, Besides, plays a role in vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C protein, from Human, contains 458 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways, Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores, Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone, Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress, Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis


This is Dendroaspin protein, from Eastern Jameson's mamba, contains 59 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation and inhibits the binding of purified platelet fibrinogen receptor alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B/ITGB3) to immobilized fibrinogen (PubMed:1591238), Has also been described to inhibit cell adhesion to fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin and collagen (PubMed:16798616, PubMed:11336631)

Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Antiplatelet toxin sub-subfamily


This is Ceramide synthase LAC1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 418 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Component of the ceramide synthase complex that catalyzes the transfer of the acyl chain from acyl-CoA to a sphingoid base, with high selectivity toward hexacosanoyl-CoA (C26:0-CoA) (PubMed:15692566, PubMed:11694577), N-acylates sphinganine and phytosphingosine bases to form dihydroceramides and phytoceramides, respectively (PubMed:15692566, PubMed:11694577), Redundant with LAG1, Facilitates ER-to-Golgi transport of GPI-anchored proteins

Belongs to the sphingosine N-acyltransferase family


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B protein, from Rat, contains 386 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D protein, from Rat, contains 374 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances, Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, May also play a role in regulating the release of other neurotransmitters, May play a role in vasoconstriction


This is 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E protein, from Human, contains 365 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances, Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity


This is Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta protein, from Human, contains 533 amino acids, has 2 NR C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

NR C4-type

NR C4-type

Receptor for retinoic acid, Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes, The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE)

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR2 subfamily


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRR1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 518 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Protein kinase that functions as regulator in the pheromone-induced mating pathway downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) FUS3, Diminishes transcriptional induction of genes in response to pheromone signaling

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, NIM1 subfamily


This is Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 407 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses, Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells, Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity (PubMed:25691885), Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan, Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection (PubMed:15063630)

Belongs to the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase family


This is Protein transport protein SEC20 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 383 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

SNARE required for targeting and fusion of Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER


This is Progranulin protein, from Mouse, contains 589 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Stabilizes CTSD through interaction with CTSD leading to maintain its aspartic-type peptidase activity


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein mS47 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 500 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (PubMed:14566057, PubMed:25609543, PubMed:28154081), mS47 has enzymatic activity in vitro, and is able to catalyze the specific hydrolysis of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (HIBYL-CoA), However, because the turnover rate of mS47/EHD3 is only a fraction of that of the homologous mammalian enzyme, the physiological function of this activity remains unclear (PubMed:12697341), Has an indirect role in endocytic membrane trafficking (PubMed:11378903)

Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family, Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS47 subfamily


This is 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 protein, from Human, contains 292 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Controls the reversible conversion of biologically active glucocorticoids such as cortisone to cortisol, and 11-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone in the presence of NADP(H) (PubMed:10497248, PubMed:12460758, PubMed:14973125, PubMed:15152005, PubMed:15280030, PubMed:17593962, PubMed:21453287, PubMed:27927697, PubMed:30902677), Participates in the corticosteroid receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory response, as well as metabolic and homeostatic processes (PubMed:12414862, PubMed:10497248, PubMed:15152005, PubMed:21453287), Plays a role in the secretion of aqueous humor in the eye, maintaining a normotensive, intraocular environment (PubMed:11481269), Bidirectional in vitro, predominantly functions as a reductase in vivo, thereby increasing the concentration of active glucocorticoids (PubMed:12414862, PubMed:10497248, PubMed:11481269, PubMed:12460758), It has broad substrate specificity, besides glucocorticoids, it accepts other steroid and sterol substrates (PubMed:15095019, PubMed:15152005, PubMed:17593962, PubMed:21453287), Interconverts 7-oxo- and 7-hydroxy-neurosteroids such as 7-oxopregnenolone and 7beta-hydroxypregnenolone, 7-oxodehydroepiandrosterone (3beta-hydroxy-5-androstene-7,17-dione) and 7beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (3beta,7beta-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one), among others (PubMed:17593962), Catalyzes the stereo-specific conversion of the major dietary oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7-oxocholesterol), into the more polar 7-beta-hydroxycholesterol metabolite (PubMed:15095019, PubMed:15152005), 7-oxocholesterol is one of the most important oxysterols, it participates in several events such as induction of apoptosis, accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, lipid peroxidation, and induction of foam cell formation (PubMed:15095019), Mediates the 7-oxo reduction of 7-oxolithocholate mainly to chenodeoxycholate, and to a lesser extent to ursodeoxycholate, both in its free form and when conjugated to glycine or taurine, providing a link between glucocorticoid activation and bile acid metabolism (PubMed:21453287), Catalyzes the synthesis of 7-beta-25-dihydroxycholesterol from 7-oxo-25-hydroxycholesterol in vitro, which acts as ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) and may thereby regulate immune cell migration (PubMed:30902677)

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


This is Endochitinase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 562 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Chitinase is required for cell separation during growth of S,cerevisiae

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family, Chitinase class V subfamily


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial protein, from Rat, contains 206 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding (By similarity), Involved in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) (PubMed:8567677, PubMed:9309684, PubMed:9820802), It is proposed that its association with the mPTP is masking a binding site for inhibiting inorganic phosphate (Pi) and promotes the open probability of the mPTP leading to apoptosis or necrosis; the requirement of the PPIase activity for this function is debated (PubMed:8567677, PubMed:9309684, PubMed:9820802), In cooperation with mitochondrial p53/TP53 is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis (PubMed:8567677, PubMed:9309684, PubMed:9820802), Involved in modulation of mitochondrial membrane F(1)F(0) ATP synthase activity and regulation of mitochondrial matrix adenine nucleotide levels (PubMed:8567677, PubMed:9309684, PubMed:9820802), Has anti-apoptotic activity independently of mPTP and in cooperation with BCL2 inhibits cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis (PubMed:19228691)

Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family


This is D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial protein, from Rat, contains 343 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.


This is Chaperonin CPN60, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 577 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Implicated in mitochondrial protein import and macromolecular assembly, May facilitate the correct folding of imported proteins, May also prevent misfolding and promote the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions in the mitochondrial matrix

Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family


This is Inositol monophosphatase 1 protein, from Human, contains 277 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Responsible for the provision of inositol required for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and polyphosphoinositides and has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium action in brain, Has broad substrate specificity and can use myo-inositol monophosphates, myo-inositol 1,3-diphosphate, myo-inositol 1,4-diphosphate, scyllo-inositol-phosphate, D-galactose 1-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and 2'-AMP as substrates

Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily


This is CCN family member 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 348 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Major connective tissue mitoattractant secreted by vascular endothelial cells, Promotes proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (By similarity), Mediates heparin- and divalent cation-dependent cell adhesion in many cell types including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells (By similarity), Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis (By similarity)


This is Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3 protein, from Rat, contains 354 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction, Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP-phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultimately leading to release of neurotransmitter, Indeed, denatonium and strychnine induce transient reduction in cAMP and cGMP in taste tissue, whereas this decrease is inhibited by GNAT3 antibody, Gustducin heterotrimer transduces response to bitter and sweet compounds via regulation of phosphodiesterase for alpha subunit, as well as via activation of phospholipase C for beta and gamma subunits, with ultimate increase inositol trisphosphate and increase of intracellular Calcium, GNAT3 can functionally couple to taste receptors to transmit intracellular signal: receptor heterodimer TAS1R2/TAS1R3 senses sweetness and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 transduces umami taste, whereas the T2R family GPCRs act as bitter sensors, Functions also as lumenal sugar sensors in the gut to control the expression of the Na+-glucose transporter SGLT1 in response to dietaty sugar, as well as the secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP, Thus, may modulate the gut capacity to absorb sugars, with implications for the prevention and treatment of malabsorption syndromes and diet-related disorders including diabetes and obesity

Belongs to the G-alpha family, G(i/o/t/z) subfamily


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein eL8B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 256 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family


This is Poly(A) polymerase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 568 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Polymerase component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) complex, which plays a key role in polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end formation and cooperates with cleavage factors including the CFIA complex and NAB4/CFIB

Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family


This is Serpin B3 protein, from Human, contains 390 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May act as a papain-like cysteine protease inhibitor to modulate the host immune response against tumor cells, Also functions as an inhibitor of UV-induced apoptosis via suppression of the activity of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK1)

Belongs to the serpin family, Ov-serpin subfamily


This is Leiomodin-1 protein, from Human, contains 600 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for proper contractility of visceral smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28292896), Mediates nucleation of actin filaments


This is NEDD8 protein, from Mouse, contains 81 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Ubiquitin-like protein which plays an important role in cell cycle control and embryogenesis via its conjugation to a limited number of cellular proteins, such as cullins or p53/TP53 (PubMed:11696557), Attachment of NEDD8 to cullins is critical for the recruitment of E2 to the cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, thus facilitating polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of cyclins and other regulatory proteins, Attachment of NEDD8 to p53/TP53 inhibits p53/TP53 transcriptional activity, Covalent attachment to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex UBE1C-APPBP1 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2M (By similarity)


This is Cyclin-dependent kinase D-1 protein, from Rice, contains 424 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

CDK-activating kinase that may control G1/S phase progression, May control the rate of cell differentiation to accomplish proper development of organs, or in response to a changing environment, Forms a complex with cyclin CYCH1-1 that phosphorylates CDKA-1 and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC2/CDKX subfamily


This is LIM/homeobox protein Lhx1 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 403 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in the establishment of the body plan via the Spemann organizer during gastrulation, Transcriptional activator required to induce organizer gene expression downstream of siamois, Promotes head formation by binding to 5'-TAAT'-3' elements in the promoters of head organizer genes cer1 and gsc to stimulate expression, Binds as a complex with siamois and mix-A/mix,1 to the cer1 promoter, and with ldb1 and otx2 to the gsc promoter, Also involved in neural induction via the organizer, including a role in notochord formation, Acts synergistically with ldb1 and ssbp in subsequent axis formation, Involved in kidney development, acting synergistically with pax8 to establish the pronephric primordium in late gastrulae/early neurulae and with pax2 during pronephric morphogenesis in tailbud stages, Has a later role in mediating the activity of inhibitors of ventralization