This is Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO protein, from Mouse, contains 502 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

RNA demethylase that mediates oxidative demethylation of different RNA species, such as mRNAs, tRNAs and snRNAs, and acts as a regulator of fat mass, adipogenesis and energy homeostasis (PubMed:17991826, PubMed:18775698, PubMed:28002401), Specifically demethylates N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, the most prevalent internal modification of messenger RNA (mRNA) in higher eukaryotes (PubMed:28002401), M6A demethylation by FTO affects mRNA expression and stability (By similarity), Also able to demethylate m6A in U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) (By similarity), Mediates demethylation of N(6),2'-O-dimethyladenosine cap (m6A(m)), by demethylating the N(6)-methyladenosine at the second transcribed position of mRNAs and U6 snRNA (PubMed:28002401), Demethylation of m6A(m) in the 5'-cap by FTO affects mRNA stability by promoting susceptibility to decapping (By similarity), Also acts as a tRNA demethylase by removing N(1)-methyladenine from various tRNAs (By similarity), Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine (By similarity), Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA (By similarity), Also able to repair alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation: demethylates single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine and has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine (PubMed:17991826, PubMed:18775698), Ability to repair alkylated DNA and RNA is however unsure in vivo (PubMed:17991826, PubMed:18775698), Involved in the regulation of fat mass, adipogenesis and body weight, thereby contributing to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation (PubMed:19234441, PubMed:19680540, PubMed:21076408, PubMed:23817550, PubMed:23300482), Involved in the regulation of thermogenesis and the control of adipocyte differentiation into brown or white fat cells (PubMed:19234441, PubMed:19680540), Regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry via its ability to demethylate m6A in mRNAs (PubMed:23817550)


This is SOSS complex subunit B2 protein, from Mouse, contains 198 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the SOSS complex, a multiprotein complex that functions downstream of the MRN complex to promote DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint, In the SOSS complex, acts as a sensor of single-stranded DNA that binds to single-stranded DNA, in particular to polypyrimidines, The SOSS complex associates with DNA lesions and influences diverse endpoints in the cellular DNA damage response including cell-cycle checkpoint activation, recombinational repair and maintenance of genomic stability, Required for efficient homologous recombination-dependent repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and ATM-dependent signaling pathways (By similarity)

Belongs to the SOSS-B family, SOSS-B2 subfamily


This is Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 492 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Acyltransferase which catalyzes the transfert of an acyl group from an acyl-CoA towards a lysophospholipid producing a phospholipid and participates in the reacylation step of the phospholipid remodeling pathway also known as the Lands cycle (PubMed:18287005), Acts on lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or LPS) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine or LPE), and to a lesser extend lysophosphatidylcholine (PubMed:18287005), Prefers oleoyl-CoA as the acyl donor and 1-oleoyl-LPE as acceptor (PubMed:18287005), May play a role in neurite outgrowth during neuronal differentiation (PubMed:27048541)

Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family


This is Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 356 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Orphan receptor, Could be involved in modulating differentiation and maintaining homeostasis of epithelial cells, This retinoic acid-inducible GPCR provides evidence for a possible interaction between retinoid and G-protein signaling pathways, Functions as a negative modulator of EGFR signaling (PubMed:25744720), Acts as a lung tumor suppressor (PubMed:18000218)

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family


This is JNK1/MAPK8-associated membrane protein protein, from Mouse, contains 311 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

May be a regulator of the duration of MAPK8 activity in response to various stress stimuli, Facilitates degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal proteins through the recruitment of components of the proteasome and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) system


This is Transmembrane protease serine 7 protein, from Mouse, contains 829 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Serine protease which preferentially hydrolyzes peptides with Arg at the P1 position


This is Protein Hook homolog 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 728 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the FTS/Hook/FHIP complex (FHF complex), The FHF complex may function to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion via the homotypic vesicular protein sorting complex (the HOPS complex), FHF complex promotes the distribution of AP-4 complex to the perinuclear area of the cell (By similarity), Required for spermatid differentiation, Probably involved in the positioning of the microtubules of the manchette and the flagellum in relation to the membrane skeleton (PubMed:12075009)


This is Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 313 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Ig-like C2-type

Involved in the proliferation of osteoblasts during bone formation and bone regeneration, Promotes matrix assembly


This is Pyrethroid hydrolase Ces2e protein, from Mouse, contains 559 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Carboxylesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrethroids pesticides, Hydrolyzes trans-permethrin at a rate about 22-fold higher than cis-permethrin, Also hydrolyzes trans-cypermethrin, Hydrolyzes retinyl esters (By similarity)

Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family


This is Serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 4 protein, from Mouse, contains 608 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Splicing factor specifically required for neural cell differentiation, Acts in conjunction with nPTB/PTBP2 by binding directly to its regulated target transcripts and promotes neural-specific exon inclusion in many genes that function in neural cell differentiation, Required to promote the inclusion of neural-specific exon 10 in nPTB/PTBP2, leading to increased expression of neural-specific nPTB/PTBP2, Also promotes the inclusion of exon 16 in DAAM1 in neuron extracts (PubMed:19737518), Promotes alternative splicing of REST transcripts to produce REST isoform 2 (REST4) with greatly reduced repressive activity, thereby activating expression of REST targets in neural cells (PubMed:21884984), Plays an important role during embryonic development as well as in the proper functioning of the adult nervous system, Regulates alternative splicing events in genes with important neuronal functions (PubMed:25838543)


This is THO complex subunit 5 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 683 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulates the expression of myeloid transcription factors CEBPA, CEBPB and GAB2 by enhancing the levels of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, May be involved in the differentiation of granulocytes and adipocytes, Essential for hematopoietic primitive cell survival and plays an integral role in monocytic development


This is Mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter protein, from Mouse, contains 306 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial transporter of arginine, lysine, homoarginine, methylarginine (By similarity), Transports with a much lesser extent, ornithine and histidine (PubMed:19287344), Does not transport carnitine nor acylcarnitines, Functions by both counter-exchange and uniport mechanisms, Plays a physiolocical role in the import of basic amino acids into mitochondria for mitochondrial protein synthesis and amino acid degradation (By similarity)

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is RING finger protein unkempt homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 810 amino acids, has 5 C3H1-type Zinc finger, has 1 RING-type; degenerate Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type; degenerate

Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein which plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of the early morphology of cortical neurons during embryonic development, Acts as a translation repressor and controls a translationally regulated cell morphology program to ensure proper structuring of the nervous system, Translational control depends on recognition of its binding element within target mRNAs which consists of a mandatory UAG trimer upstream of a U/A-rich motif, Associated with polysomes (PubMed:25737280)


This is Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 883 amino acids, has 1 CCHHC-type; degenerate Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

CCHHC-type; degenerate

Is a negative regulator of Notch target genes expression, required for RBPJ-mediated transcriptional repression, It recruits KDM1A to Notch-responsive elements and promotes KDM1A-mediated H3K4me demethylation (By similarity), Involved in the regulation of ubiquitin-dependent degradation of a set of methylated non-histone proteins, including SOX2, It acts as an adapter recruiting the CRL4-DCAF5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to methylated target proteins (PubMed:30442713), Also involved in the regulation of ubiquitin-dependent degradation of methylated DNMT1 and E2F1 (By similarity), Required for normal maturation of myeloid progenitor cells


This is Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 408 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Hydrolyzes 2-acetyl monoalkylglycerol ether (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol), the penultimate precursor of the pathway for de novo synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PubMed:18164358, PubMed:20625037), May be responsible for the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters (such as cholesteryl (9Z-octadecenoate)) in macrophages (PubMed:18782767), Also involved in organ detoxification by hydrolyzing exogenous organophosphorus compounds (PubMed:15840715, PubMed:16978018, PubMed:18164358)

Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family


This is Uncharacterized protein C6orf15 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 349 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Spondin-2 protein, from Mouse, contains 330 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons, Binds directly to bacteria and their components and functions as an opsonin for macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria, Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide, Essential in the initiation of the innate immune response and represents a unique pattern-recognition molecule in the ECM for microbial pathogens


This is Protein-cysteine N-palmitoyltransferase HHAT protein, from Mouse, contains 499 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Palmitoyl acyltransferase that catalyzes N-terminal palmitoylation of SHH; which is required for SHH signaling during limb development (PubMed:15075292), It also catalyzes N-terminal palmitoylation of DHH (By similarity), Promotes the transfer of palmitoyl-CoA from the cytoplasmic to the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where SHH palmitoylation occurs (By similarity), Plays a role in proper testis cord formation and the differentiation of Leydig cells (PubMed:24784881)

Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family, HHAT subfamily


This is Transcriptional regulator Kaiso protein, from Mouse, contains 671 amino acids, has 3 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity, Binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides in the consensus sequence 5'-CGCG-3' and also binds to the non-methylated consensus sequence 5'-CTGCNA-3' also known as the consensus kaiso binding site (KBS), May recruit the N-CoR repressor complex to promote histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures in target gene promoters, Contributes to the repression of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway, May also activate transcription of a subset of target genes by the recruitment of CTNND2, Represses expression of MMP7 in conjunction with transcriptional corepressors CBFA2T3, CBFA2T2 and RUNX1T1 (By similarity)


This is Swi5-dependent recombination DNA repair protein 1 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 319 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the SWI5-SFR1 complex, a complex required for double-strand break repair via homologous recombination (PubMed:20976249), Acts as a transcriptional modulator for ESR1


This is Protein RIC-3 protein, from Mouse, contains 367 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Molecular chaperone which promotes the proper subunit assembly and surface trafficking of alpha-7 (CHRNA7) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (PubMed:19812337, PubMed:32204458), Promotes the proper subunit assembly and cell surface expression of alpha-8 (CHRNA8) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (By similarity), May also promote functional expression of homomeric serotoninergic 5-HT3 receptors, and of heteromeric acetylcholine receptors alpha-3/beta-2, alpha-3/beta-4, alpha-4/beta-2 and alpha-4/beta-4 (By similarity)


This is Protein bicaudal D homolog 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 835 amino acids, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Regulates coat complex coatomer protein I (COPI)-independent Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport by recruiting the dynein-dynactin motor complex


This is Protein phosphatase 1M protein, from Mouse, contains 462 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 protein, from Mouse, contains 359 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May play a role in the regulation of T and B-lymphocyte development and signal transduction

Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, Non-receptor class subfamily


This is Transcription termination factor 4, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 346 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Regulator of mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and translation, Binds to mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs 16S, 12S and 7S (By similarity), Targets NSUN4 RNA methyltransferase to the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit


This is Two pore channel protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 731 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

(Microbial infection) During Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, controls the movement of endosomes containing virus particles and is required by EBOV to escape from the endosomal network into the cell cytoplasm

Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1,A,1,11) family, Two pore calcium channel subfamily


This is Beta-1,4-glucuronyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 415 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Beta-1,4-glucuronyltransferase involved in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) (PubMed:23217742, PubMed:25279699), Transfers a glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue onto a xylose (Xyl) acceptor to produce the glucuronyl-beta-1,4-xylose-beta disaccharide primer, which is further elongated by LARGE1, during synthesis of phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan (PubMed:25279699), Phosphorylated O-mannosyl glycan is a carbohydrate structure present in alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1), which is required for binding laminin G-like domain-containing extracellular proteins with high affinity (PubMed:25279699), Required for axon guidance; via its function in O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) (PubMed:23217742)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 49 family


This is Shadow of prion protein protein, from Mouse, contains 147 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Prion-like protein that has PrP(C)-like neuroprotective activity, May act as a modulator for the biological actions of normal and abnormal PrP


This is SKI family transcriptional corepressor 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 964 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inhibits BMP signaling (By similarity), Acts as a transcriptional corepressor of LBX1


This is PR domain zinc finger protein 8 protein, from Mouse, contains 688 amino acids, has 3 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Probable histone methyltransferase, preferentially acting on 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (PubMed:19646955), Histone methyltransferase activity has not been confirmed in other species, Involved in the control of steroidogenesis through transcriptional repression of steroidogenesis marker genes such as CYP17A1 and LHCGR (PubMed:19646955), Forms with BHLHE22 a transcriptional repressor complex controlling genes involved in neural development and neuronal differentiation (PubMed:22284184), In the retina, it is required for rod bipolar and type 2 OFF-cone bipolar cell survival (PubMed:26023183)

Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily


This is Zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 836 amino acids, has 2 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as a transcriptional repressor (PubMed:19515908), Represses the promoter activity of the CDC25C gene stimulated by NFYA (By similarity), May play a role in retinal development where it regulates the composition of bipolar cell populations, by promoting differentiation of bipolar OFF-type cells (PubMed:30146259), In the brain, may promote maintenance and suppress differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the developing cortex (PubMed:19515908)


This is Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase GPCPD1 protein, from Mouse, contains 675 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May be involved in the negative regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation, independently of its glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase activity

Belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family


This is Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 438 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Converts glycerol-3-phosphate to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA) by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone (PubMed:17170135), Also converts LPA into 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (phosphatidic acid or PA) by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (By similarity), Protects cells against lipotoxicity (By similarity)

Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family


This is Protein NDNF protein, from Mouse, contains 568 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Secretory protein that plays a role in various cellular processes, Acts as a chemorepellent acting on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expressing neurons regulating their migration to the hypothalamus (PubMed:31883645), Also promotes neuron migration, growth and survival as well as neurite outgrowth and is involved in the development of the olfactory system (PubMed:31883645), May also act through the regulation of growth factors activity and downstream signaling (By similarity), Also regulates extracellular matrix assembly and cell adhesiveness (PubMed:18757743), Promotes endothelial cell survival, vessel formation and plays an important role in the process of revascularization through NOS3-dependent mechanisms (PubMed:24706764)


This is Low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 308 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Adapter protein (clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP)) required for efficient endocytosis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in polarized cells such as hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but not in non-polarized cells (fibroblasts), May be required for LDL binding and internalization but not for receptor clustering in coated pits, May facilitate the endocytosis of LDLR and LDLR-LDL complexes from coated pits by stabilizing the interaction between the receptor and the structural components of the pits, May also be involved in the internalization of other LDLR family members, Binds to phosphoinositides, which regulate clathrin bud assembly at the cell surface, Required for trafficking of LRP2 to the endocytic recycling compartment which is necessary for LRP2 proteolysis, releasing a tail fragment which translocates to the nucleus and mediates transcriptional repression (By similarity)


This is Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 44 protein, from Mouse, contains 711 amino acids, has 1 UBP-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

UBP-type

Deubiquitinase that plays a key regulatory role in the spindle assembly checkpoint or mitotic checkpoint by preventing premature anaphase onset (PubMed:23187126), Acts by specifically mediating deubiquitination of CDC20, a negative regulator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), Deubiquitination of CDC20 leads to stabilize the MAD2L1-CDC20-APC/C ternary complex (also named mitotic checkpoint complex), thereby preventing premature activation of the APC/C, Promotes association of MAD2L1 with CDC20 and reinforces the spindle assembly checkpoint, Promotes also the deubiquitination of histone H2A and H2B, Recruited to RNF8/RNF168-ubiquitinated chromatin surrounding double stranded breaks (DSBs), promotes hydrolysis of such ubiquitin conjugates, thus negatively regulating protein recruitment to damaged chromatin (By similarity), Participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway by deubiquitinating DDB2 to prevent its premature degradation so it can remain on damaged chromatin (PubMed:23187126), Promotes FOXP3 stabilization through 'Lys-48'-linked deubiquitination leading to increased stability and increased regulatory T-cell lineage stability, Plays also a positive role in innate immune response to DNA viruses by deubiquitinating STING1, selectively removing its 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains and stabilizing it (By similarity)

Belongs to the peptidase C19 family, USP44 subfamily


This is N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit METTL3 protein, from Mouse, contains 580 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

The METTL3-METTL14 heterodimer forms a N6-methyltransferase complex that methylates adenosine residues at the N(6) position of some RNAs and regulates various processes such as the circadian clock, differentiation of embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells, cortical neurogenesis, response to DNA damage, differentiation of T-cells and primary miRNA processing (PubMed:25456834, PubMed:24394384, PubMed:25569111, PubMed:28809392, PubMed:28792938, PubMed:28869969, PubMed:28965759), In the heterodimer formed with METTL14, METTL3 constitutes the catalytic core (By similarity), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which takes place at the 5'-[AG]GAC-3' consensus sites of some mRNAs, plays a role in mRNA stability, processing, translation efficiency and editing (By similarity), M6A acts as a key regulator of mRNA stability: methylation is completed upon the release of mRNA into the nucleoplasm and promotes mRNA destabilization and degradation (PubMed:28637692), In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), m6A methylation of mRNAs encoding key naive pluripotency-promoting transcripts results in transcript destabilization, promoting differentiation of ESCs (PubMed:25456834, PubMed:24394384, PubMed:25569111), M6A regulates the length of the circadian clock: acts as an early pace-setter in the circadian loop by putting mRNA production on a fast-track for facilitating nuclear processing, thereby providing an early point of control in setting the dynamics of the feedback loop (PubMed:24209618), M6A also regulates circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism (By similarity), M6A regulates spermatogonial differentiation and meiosis and is essential for male fertility and spermatogenesis (PubMed:28809392, PubMed:28914256, PubMed:32943573), Also required for oogenesis (PubMed:32943573), Involved in the response to DNA damage: in response to ultraviolet irradiation, METTL3 rapidly catalyzes the formation of m6A on poly(A) transcripts at DNA damage sites, leading to the recruitment of POLK to DNA damage sites (By similarity), M6A is also required for T-cell homeostasis and differentiation: m6A methylation of transcripts of SOCS family members (SOCS1, SOCS3 and CISH) in naive T-cells promotes mRNA destabilization and degradation, promoting T-cell differentiation (PubMed:28792938), Inhibits the type I interferon response by mediating m6A methylation of IFNB (By similarity), M6A also regulates cortical neurogenesis: m6A methylation of transcripts related to transcription factors, neural stem cells, the cell cycle and neuronal differentiation during brain development promotes their destabilization and decay, promoting differentiation of radial glial cells (PubMed:28965759), M6A also takes place in other RNA molecules, such as primary miRNA (pri-miRNAs) (By similarity), Mediates m6A methylation of Xist RNA, thereby participating in random X inactivation: m6A methylation of Xist leads to target YTHDC1 reader on Xist and promote transcription repression activity of Xist (By similarity), METTL3 mediates methylation of pri-miRNAs, marking them for recognition and processing by DGCR8 (By similarity), Acts as a positive regulator of mRNA translation independently of the methyltransferase activity: promotes translation by interacting with the translation initiation machinery in the cytoplasm (By similarity)


This is RAD51-associated protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 337 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Structure-specific DNA-binding protein involved in DNA repair by promoting RAD51-mediated homologous recombination, Acts by stimulating D-Loop formation by RAD51: specifically enhances joint molecule formation through its structure-specific DNA interaction and its interaction with RAD51, Binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and secondary DNA structures, such as D-loop structures: has a strong preference for branched-DNA structures that are obligatory intermediates during joint molecule formation, Cooperates with WDR48/UAF1 to stimulate RAD51-mediated homologous recombination: both WDR48/UAF1 and RAD51AP1 have coordinated role in DNA-binding during homologous recombination and DNA repair, WDR48/UAF1 and RAD51AP1 also have a coordinated role in DNA-binding to promote USP1-mediated deubiquitination of FANCD2, Also involved in meiosis by promoting DMC1-mediated homologous meiotic recombination


This is E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS2 protein, from Mouse, contains 621 amino acids, has 1 SP-RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

SP-RING-type

Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor, Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway, The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing may vary depending upon the biological context and PIAS2 isoform studied, However, it seems to be mostly involved in gene silencing, Binds to sumoylated ELK1 and enhances its transcriptional activity by preventing recruitment of HDAC2 by ELK1, thus reversing SUMO-mediated repression of ELK1 transactivation activity, Isoform PIASx-beta, but not isoform PIASx-alpha, promotes MDM2 sumoylation, Isoform PIASx-alpha promotes PARK7 sumoylation, Isoform PIASx-beta promotes NCOA2 sumoylation more efficiently than isoform PIASx-alpha (By similarity), Sumoylates PML at'Lys-65' and 'Lys-160' (By similarity)


This is Meiotic recombination protein REC8 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 591 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required during meiosis for separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes, Proteolytic cleavage of REC8 on chromosome arms by separin during anaphase I allows for homologous chromosome separation in meiosis I and cleavage of REC8 on centromeres during anaphase II allows for sister chromatid separation in meiosis II


This is Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase protein, from Mouse, contains 507 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23647843, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:26829768, PubMed:28214358, PubMed:29625897, PubMed:29426904, PubMed:32814054), Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23647843, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:26829768, PubMed:28214358), Acts as a key DNA sensor: directly binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), inducing the formation of liquid-like droplets in which CGAS is activated, leading to synthesis of 2',3'-cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates STING1, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:23722158, PubMed:28314590, PubMed:28363908, PubMed:28095500), Preferentially binds long dsDNA (around 45 bp) and forms ladder-like networks that function cooperatively to stabilize individual cGAS-dsDNA complexes (PubMed:28902841), Acts as a key foreign DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:23722158, PubMed:28314590, PubMed:28363908), Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:23722158, PubMed:23647843), Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945), Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (By similarity), Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria (By similarity), 2',3'-cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote STING1 activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100), 2',3'-cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN-induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but STING1-dependent manner (PubMed:26229117), Also senses the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are translocated to the cytosol following phagocytosis, leading to synthesis of 2',3'-cGAMP (PubMed:33688080), In addition to foreign DNA, can also be activated by endogenous nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (By similarity), When self-DNA leaks into the cytosol during cellular stress (such as mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, mitotic arrest or senescence), or is present in form of cytosolic micronuclei, CGAS is activated leading to a state of sterile inflammation (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759028), Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via STING1 and promote cellular senescence (PubMed:28759028), Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408), Micronuclei, which as frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by its own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to 2',3'-cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of STING1 and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408), In a healthy cell, CGAS is however kept inactive even in cellular events that directly expose it to self-DNA, such as mitosis, when cGAS associates with chromatin directly after nuclear envelope breakdown or remains in the form of postmitotic persistent nuclear cGAS pools bound to chromatin (By similarity), Nuclear CGAS is inactivated by chromatin via direct interaction with nucleosomes, which block CGAS from DNA binding and thus prevent CGAS-induced autoimmunity (PubMed:31808743, PubMed:32911481, PubMed:32911480, PubMed:32913000), Also acts as a suppressor of DNA repair in response to DNA damage: inhibits homologous recombination repair by interacting with PARP1, the CGAS-PARP1 interaction leading to impede the formation of the PARP1-TIMELESS complex (PubMed:30356214, PubMed:31544964, PubMed:35210392), In addition to DNA, also sense translation stress: in response to translation stress, translocates to the cytosol and associates with collided ribosomes, promoting its activation and triggering type-I interferon production (By similarity)


This is Zinc finger protein 57 protein, from Mouse, contains 421 amino acids, has 1 C2H2-type 1; degenerate Zinc finger, has 3 C2H2-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2H2-type 5; degenerate Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2H2-type 1; degenerate

C2H2-type 5; degenerate

Transcription regulator required to maintain maternal and paternal gene imprinting, a process by which gene expression is restricted in a parent of origin-specific manner by epigenetic modification of genomic DNA and chromatin, including DNA methylation, Acts by controlling DNA methylation during the earliest multicellular stages of development at multiple imprinting control regions (ICRs) (PubMed:15070898, PubMed:18854139, PubMed:23059534, PubMed:30602440), Acts together with ZNF445, but ZFP57 plays the predominant role in imprinting maintenance, In contrast, in humans, ZNF445 seems to be the major factor early embryonic imprinting maintenance (PubMed:30602440), Required for the establishment of maternal methylation imprints at SNRPN locus, Acts as a transcriptional repressor in Schwann cells, Binds to a 5'-TGCCGC-3' consensus sequence and recognizes the methylated CpG within this element (PubMed:15070898, PubMed:18854139, PubMed:23059534)

Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is Apolipoprotein A-V protein, from Mouse, contains 368 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Minor apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL, May also be associated with chylomicrons, Important determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by both being a potent stimulator of apo-CII lipoprotein lipase (LPL) TG hydrolysis and an inhibitor of the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate (without affecting the VLDL-apoB production rate), Activates poorly lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and does not enhance efflux of cholesterol from macrophages (By similarity), Binds heparin (By similarity)

Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family


This is DNA-binding protein RFX6 protein, from Mouse, contains 927 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor required to direct islet cell differentiation during endocrine pancreas development, Specifically required for the differentiation of 4 of the 5 islet cell types and for the production of insulin, Not required for pancreatic PP (polypeptide-producing) cells differentiation, Acts downstream of NEUROG3 and regulates the transcription factors involved in beta-cell maturation and function, thereby restricting the expression of the beta-cell differentiation and specification genes, and thus the beta-cell fate choice, Activates transcription by forming a heterodimer with RFX3 and binding to the X-box in the promoter of target genes (PubMed:20148032), Involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by promoting insulin and L-type calcium channel gene transcription (By similarity)


This is ALX homeobox protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 326 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor that binds palindromic sequences within promoters and may activate or repress the transcription of a subset of genes (PubMed:12929931), Most probably regulates the expression of genes involved in the development of mesenchyme-derived craniofacial structures, Early on in development, it plays a role in forebrain mesenchyme survival (PubMed:8673125), May also induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the expression of SNAI1 (By similarity)


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF170 protein, from Mouse, contains 286 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

RING-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an essential role in stimulus-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) ubiquitination and degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, Also involved in ITPR1 turnover in resting cells


This is Calcium uptake protein 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 432 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Key regulator of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) required to limit calcium uptake by MCU when cytoplasmic calcium is low (PubMed:23409044, PubMed:24560927), MICU1 and MICU2 form a disulfide-linked heterodimer that stimulate and inhibit MCU activity, depending on the concentration of calcium (PubMed:24560927), MICU2 acts as a gatekeeper of MCU that senses calcium level via its EF-hand domains: prevents channel opening at resting Ca(2+), avoiding energy dissipation and cell-death triggering (PubMed:24560927)

Belongs to the MICU1 family, MICU2 subfamily


This is Ribosomal oxygenase 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 465 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase, Is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated 'Lys-9' on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression, Also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on 'His-39' (By similarity), May play an important role in cell growth and survival, May be involved in ribosome biogenesis, most likely during the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles

Belongs to the ROX family, MINA53 subfamily


This is Piwi-like protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 971 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Endoribonuclease that plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:14736746, PubMed:17446352, PubMed:18381894, PubMed:18922463, PubMed:26669262), Plays an essential role in meiotic differentiation of spermatocytes, germ cell differentiation and in self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:14736746, PubMed:17446352, PubMed:18381894, PubMed:18922463, PubMed:26669262), Its presence in oocytes suggests that it may participate in similar functions during oogenesis in females (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:14736746, PubMed:17446352, PubMed:18381894, PubMed:18922463, PubMed:26669262), Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:14736746, PubMed:17446352, PubMed:18381894, PubMed:18922463, PubMed:26669262), During piRNA biosynthesis, plays a key role in the piRNA amplification loop, also named ping-pong amplification cycle, by acting as a 'slicer-competent' piRNA endoribonuclease that cleaves primary piRNAs, which are then loaded onto 'slicer-incompetent' PIWIL4 (PubMed:22020280, PubMed:23706823, PubMed:26669262), PIWIL2 slicing produces a pre-miRNA intermediate, which is then processed in mature piRNAs, and as well as a 16 nucleotide by-product that is degraded (PubMed:28633017), Required for PIWIL4/MIWI2 nuclear localization and association with secondary piRNAs antisense (PubMed:18381894, PubMed:18922463, PubMed:26669262), Besides their function in transposable elements repression, piRNAs are probably involved in other processes during meiosis such as translation regulation (PubMed:19114715), Indirectly modulates expression of genes such as PDGFRB, SLC2A1, ITGA6, GJA7, THY1, CD9 and STRA8 (PubMed:16261612), Represses circadian rhythms by promoting the stability and activity of core clock components BMAL1 and CLOCK by inhibiting GSK3B-mediated phosphorylation and ubiquitination-dependent degradation of these proteins (PubMed:28903391)

Belongs to the argonaute family, Piwi subfamily


This is Cytosolic carboxypeptidase 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 862 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Metallocarboxypeptidase that mediates deglutamylation of tubulin and non-tubulin target proteins (PubMed:25103237), Catalyzes the removal of polyglutamate side chains present on the gamma-carboxyl group of glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of tubulin protein (PubMed:25103237), Specifically cleaves tubulin long-side-chains, while it is not able to remove the branching point glutamate (PubMed:25103237), Also catalyzes the removal of polyglutamate residues from the carboxy-terminus of non-tubulin proteins such as MYLK (PubMed:25103237)


This is Cyclin-D-binding Myb-like transcription factor 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 761 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator which activates the CDKN2A/ARF locus in response to Ras-Raf signaling, thereby promoting p53/TP53-dependent growth arrest, May also cooperate with MYB to activate transcription of the ANPEP gene, Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCCG[GT]ATGT-3'


This is Transcription factor MafA protein, from Mouse, contains 359 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional factor that activates insulin gene expression (PubMed:12368292, PubMed:15665000), Acts synergistically with NEUROD1/BETA2 and PDX1 (PubMed:15665000), Binds the insulin enhancer C1/RIPE3b element (PubMed:12917329, PubMed:14680841, PubMed:14973194, PubMed:15665000), Binds to consensus TRE-type MARE 5'-TGCTGACTCAGCA-3' DNA sequence (By similarity)

Belongs to the bZIP family, Maf subfamily


This is Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 504 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Symporter that cotransports neutral amino acids and sodium ions from the extraccellular to the intracellular side of the cell membrane (PubMed:34406367), The trasnport is pH-sensitive, Li(+)-intolerant, electrogenic, driven by the Na(+) electrochemical gradient and cotransports of neutral amino acids and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1, May function in the transport of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier (By similarity), May function in the transport of amino acids in the supply of maternal nutrients to the fetus through the placenta (PubMed:16365304), Maintains a key metabolic glutamine/glutamate balance underpinning retrograde signaling by dendritic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (By similarity), Transports L-proline in differentiating osteoblasts for the efficient synthesis of proline-enriched proteins and provides proline essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation during bone development (PubMed:34406367)

Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family


This is Complement C1q-like protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 287 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

May regulate the number of excitatory synapses that are formed on hippocampus neurons, Has no effect on inhibitory synapses


This is Collagen triple helix repeat-containing protein 1 protein, from Rat, contains 245 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Its overexpression in smooth muscle cell lines increases their migratory ability and inhibits collagen type I expression, May act as a negative regulator of collagen matrix deposition


This is WD repeat-containing protein 47 protein, from Mouse, contains 920 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 949 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of misfolded, unassembled or oxidatively damaged polypeptides as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins in the mitochondrial matrix, May also have a chaperone function in the assembly of inner membrane protein complexes, Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression and in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, Binds to mitochondrial promoters and RNA in a single-stranded, site-specific, and strand-specific manner, May regulate mitochondrial DNA replication and/or gene expression using site-specific, single-stranded DNA binding to target the degradation of regulatory proteins binding to adjacent sites in mitochondrial promoters


This is Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 691 amino acids, has 1 UBZ1-type Zinc finger, locates in Cytoplasm.

Functions as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors (NR), Recruited to promoters through its contact with the N-terminal basic helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain of transcription factors or coactivators, such as NCOA2, During ER-activation acts synergistically in combination with other NCOA2-binding proteins, such as EP300, CREBBP and CARM1, Involved in the transcriptional activation of target genes in the Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway, Functions as a secondary coactivator in LEF1-mediated transcriptional activation via its interaction with CTNNB1, Coactivator function for nuclear receptors and LEF1/CTNNB1 involves differential utilization of two different activation regions, In association with CCAR1 enhances GATA1- and MED1-mediated transcriptional activation from the gamma-globin promoter during erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells (PubMed:24245781)


This is Protein unc-45 homolog B protein, from Mouse, contains 931 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90 and is required for proper folding of the myosin motor domain, Plays a role in sarcomere formation during muscle cell development (PubMed:12356907, PubMed:18326487, PubMed:18478096), Is necessary for normal early lens development (By similarity)


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32 protein, from Mouse, contains 655 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, has 1 B box-type; atypical Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

B box-type; atypical

Has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (PubMed:14578165, PubMed:16816390), Ubiquitinates DTNBP1 (dysbindin) and promotes its degradation (By similarity), May ubiquitinate BBS2 (By similarity), Ubiquitinates PIAS4/PIASY and promotes its degradation in keratinocytes treated with UVB and TNF-alpha (PubMed:14578165, PubMed:16816390)Also acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating formation of unanchored 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains that activate ULK1: interaction with AMBRA1 is required for ULK1 activation (By similarity)


This is 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase 1 protein, from Rat, contains 581 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Peroxisomal 2-OH acyl-CoA lyase involved in the cleavage (C1 removal) reaction in the fatty acid alpha-oxydation in a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent manner, Involved in the degradation of 3-methyl-branched fatty acids like phytanic acid (PubMed:10468558), Involved also in the shortening of 2-hydroxy long-chain fatty acids (By similarity), Plays a significant role in the biosynthesis of heptadecanal in the liver (By similarity)


This is Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 protein, from Rat, contains 704 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Functions in the lectin pathway of complement, which performs a key role in innate immunity by recognizing pathogens through patterns of sugar moieties and neutralizing them, The lectin pathway is triggered upon binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolins to sugar moieties which leads to activation of the associated proteases MASP1 and MASP2, Functions as an endopeptidase and may activate MASP2 or C2 or directly activate C3 the key component of complement reaction, Isoform 2 may have an inhibitory effect on the activation of the lectin pathway of complement or may cleave IGFBP5, Also plays a role in development


This is Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 950 amino acids, has 5 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Required for the export of polyadenylated mRNAs from the nucleus (By similarity), Enhances ACVR1B-induced SMAD-dependent transcription, Binds to single-stranded DNA but not to double-stranded DNA in vitro, Involved in RNA cleavage (PubMed:16115198)


This is F-box only protein 4 protein, from Mouse, contains 385 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (PubMed:17081987, PubMed:18598945, PubMed:19767775, PubMed:29142209), Promotes ubiquitination of CCND1 and its subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:17081987, PubMed:18598945, PubMed:19767775), Recognizes TERF1 and promotes its ubiquitination together with UBE2D1 (By similarity), Promotes ubiquitination of FXR1 following phosphorylation of FXR1 by GSK3B, leading to FXR1 degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:29142209)


This is Transcriptional adapter 2-alpha protein, from Mouse, contains 443 amino acids, has 1 ZZ-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

ZZ-type

Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4 (By similarity), Required for the function of some acidic activation domains, which activate transcription from a distant site (By similarity), Binds double-stranded DNA (PubMed:16299514), Binds dinucleosomes, probably at the linker region between neighboring nucleosomes (PubMed:16299514), Plays a role in chromatin remodeling (By similarity), May promote TP53/p53 'Lys-321' acetylation, leading to reduced TP53 stability and transcriptional activity (By similarity), May also promote XRCC6 acetylation thus facilitating cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage (By similarity)


This is Transcription termination factor 1a, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 379 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Transcription termination factor, Binds to a 28 bp region within the tRNA(Leu(uur)) gene at a position immediately adjacent to and downstream of the 16S rRNA gene; this region comprises a tridecamer sequence critical for directing accurate termination, Binds DNA along the major grove and promotes DNA bending and partial unwinding, Promotes base flipping, Transcription termination activity appears to be polarized with highest specificity for transcripts initiated on the light strand


This is Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 538 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May be required to maintain the proliferative capacity of stem cells (By similarity), Stabilizes MDM2 by preventing its ubiquitination, and hence proteasomal degradation

Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family


This is DIS3-like exonuclease 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 870 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

3'-5'-exoribonuclease that specifically recognizes RNAs polyuridylated at their 3' end and mediates their degradation, Component of an exosome-independent RNA degradation pathway that mediates degradation of both mRNAs and miRNAs that have been polyuridylated by a terminal uridylyltransferase, such as ZCCHC11/TUT4, Mediates degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs that have been deadenylated and subsequently uridylated at their 3', Mediates degradation of uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs, contributing to the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells, Essential for correct mitosis, and negatively regulates cell proliferation

Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family, DIS3L2 subfamily


This is SID1 transmembrane family member 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 832 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Mediates the translocation of RNA and DNA across the lysosomal membrane during RNA and DNA autophagy (RDA), a process in which RNA and DNA is directly imported into lysosomes in an ATP-dependent manner, and degraded (PubMed:27046251, PubMed:27846365, PubMed:28724756), Involved in the uptake of single-stranded oligonucleotides by living cells, a process called gymnosis (PubMed:28277980), In vitro, mediates the uptake of linear DNA more efficiently than that of circular DNA, but exhibits similar uptake efficacy toward RNA and DNA (PubMed:27846365), Binds long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (500 - 700 base pairs), but not dsRNA shorter than 100 bp (PubMed:26067272)


This is Nesprin-4 protein, from Mouse, contains 388 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton, The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning (By similarity), Behaves as a kinesin cargo, providing a functional binding site for kinesin-1 at the nuclear envelope, Hence may contribute to the establishment of secretory epithelial morphology, by promoting kinesin-dependent apical migration of the centrosome and Golgi apparatus and basal localization of the nucleus


This is Transcription factor Ovo-like 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 274 amino acids, has 4 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Zinc-finger transcription repressor factor (PubMed:15225875, PubMed:23319585, PubMed:36228616), Plays a critical role in maintaining the identity of epithelial lineages by suppressing epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) mainly through the repression of ZEB1, an EMT inducer (PubMed:24735878, PubMed:24735879), Positively regulates neuronal differentiation (PubMed:16423343, PubMed:23319585), Suppresses cell cycling and terminal differentiation of keratinocytes by directly repressing MYC and NOTCH1 (By similarity), Important for the correct development of primordial germ cells in embryos (PubMed:28059165), Plays dual functions in thermogenesis and adipogenesis to maintain energy balance, Essential for brown/beige adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis, is necessary for the development of brown adipocytes, In white adipose tissues, limits adipogenesis by blocking CEBPA binding to its transcriptional targets and inhibiting its transcription factor activity (PubMed:36228616)


This is Double-stranded RNA-binding protein Staufen homolog 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 570 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

RNA-binding protein required for the microtubule-dependent transport of neuronal RNA from the cell body to the dendrite, As protein synthesis occurs within the dendrite, the localization of specific mRNAs to dendrites may be a prerequisite for neurite outgrowth and plasticity at sites distant from the cell body (By similarity)


This is BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein protein, from Mouse, contains 685 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) function, it may regulate BMP responsiveness of osteoblasts and chondrocytes


This is 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 462 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Probable iron-sulfur flavoprotein that converts 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a to chlorophyll a using ferredoxin as a reducing equivalent, Catalyzes the reduction of a hydroxymethyl group to a methyl group, Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs)


This is Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase protein, from Hemp, contains 545 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Oxidoreductase involved in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids-related terpenophenolic natural products, which have pharmacological activity (PubMed:15190053, PubMed:17669365, Ref,4), Catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of the monoterpene moiety in cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), producing delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolate (THCA), the major cannabioid in drug-type Cannabis plants (PubMed:15190053, PubMed:17669365, Ref,4), Can also use cannabinerolic acid as substrate, but not cannabigerol or cannabinerol (PubMed:15190053, PubMed:17669365, Ref,4)

Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family


This is Pullulanase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 965 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Involved in starch degradation and also probably in the trimming of pre-amylopectin chains during starch synthesis

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family


This is Lysine-specific demethylase JMJ14 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 954 amino acids, has 1 C5HC2 Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional repressor (PubMed:25578968), Histone demethylase that demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) of histone H3 with a higher activity for H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 than H3K4me1 (PubMed:29233856), No activity on H3K9me3/2, H3K36me3/2 and H3K27me3/2 (PubMed:29233856), Function as a nocturne 'eraser' to counteract the diurnal 'writer' methylase activity of ATXR3/SDG2 thus orchestrating the circadian rythm of histone modifications (e,g, H3K4me3) and modulating the rythmic expression of diurnal target genes; this mechanism relies also on the circadian clock oscillators CCA1 and LHY (PubMed:31429787), Involved in a negative regulation of root meristem growth upon suboptimal root growth conditions (PubMed:31826870), Represses FT and TSF expression to inhibit the floral transition, Binds around the transcription start site of the FT locus, Involved in the DRM2-mediated maintenance of DNA methylation, but not required for the de novo DNA methylation, Required for demethylating histone H3K4me3 at the target of RNA silencing, Counteracts the DNA methylation of expressed transgenes; specific attenuation of transgene DNA methylation enhances the production of aberrant RNAs (e,g, uncapped and antisense) that readily induce systemic RDR6-dependent post-transcriptional transgene silencing (PTGS) spreading (PubMed:33986281), Together with NAC051/NAC052 and NAC050, regulates gene expression and flowering time, probably by the promotion of RNA-mediated gene silencing (PubMed:25578968), Together with JMJ16 and JMJ17, required for plant growth and development (PubMed:31038749), Promotes local and systemic immunity (especially toward the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae Pst DC3000 avrRpt2) by regulating positively pathogen-induced H3K4me3 enrichment and expression of defense genes involved in salicylic acid (SA)- and pipecolic acid (Pip)-mediated defense pathways (e,g, PR1, FMO1, ALD1 and SARD4) (PubMed:31622519)

Belongs to the JARID1 histone demethylase family


This is Transcription factor TRY protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 106 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor, Involved in epidermal cell fate specification, Negative regulator of trichome development, including endoreplication, by lateral inhibition involving intercellular interactions, Promotes the formation of hair developing cells (trichoblasts) in H position in root epidermis, probably by inhibiting non-hair cell (atrichoblasts) formation


This is CAAX prenyl protease 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 311 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated and geranylated proteins, The substrate specificity is only partially overlapping with that of FACE1


This is mRNA-decapping enzyme subunit 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 373 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalytic component of the decapping complex necessary for the degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover and in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, Removes the 7-methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA molecules, yielding a 5'-phosphorylated mRNA fragment and 7m-GDP, Essential for postembryonic development, especially during the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM)

Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family, DCP2 subfamily


This is ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit CLPT2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 241 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Accessory protein regulating the assembly of the plastidial Clp protease system (PubMed:21266658, PubMed:25921872), CLPT1 first binds to the heptameric P-ring containing the CLP3-6 subunits followed by CLPT2, and only then does the P-ring combine with the R-ring composed of the clpP1 and CLPR1-4 subunits (PubMed:21266658), Once the core complex is fully assembled, it then associates to the CLPC chaperone partner to form the functional protease (PubMed:21266658), CLPT2 and CLPT1 are partially redundant (PubMed:25921872)


This is Protein MULTIPLE CHLOROPLAST DIVISION SITE 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 349 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Required for chloroplast division (PubMed:29967285, PubMed:23936263), Together with MIND1 and ARC3, regulates FtsZ ring positioning in chloroplasts in an ARC6-dependent manner (PubMed:29967285), Determines the site of chloroplast division in concert with MIND1 (PubMed:29967285), Not directly involved in ring formation, but required for MIND1 and MINE1 localization to regulate FtsZ ring formation during plastidial constriction (PubMed:29967285)


This is Inositol phosphorylceramide glucuronosyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 537 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Mediates the transfer of glucuronic acid (GlcA) from UDP-GlcA to glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) (PubMed:25122154, PubMed:27643972), The formation of GIPCs sphingolipids is essential for pollen function, plant growth and defense (PubMed:25122154, PubMed:27643972), Required for global fitness (PubMed:27643972)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family, Glycogenin subfamily


This is Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein At4g16390, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 702 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in chloroplast RNA processing, Can bind RNA (PubMed:11034340), Involved in chloroplast development (PubMed:21187014), Involved in chloroplast ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing and/or translation, Required for FtsH-mediated chloroplast biogenesis (PubMed:20935174), Involved in translation and accumulation of chloroplast ATP synthase subunits (PubMed:23076438)


This is Protein OS-9 homolog protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 282 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Lectin which functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and ER-associated degradation (ERAD), May bind terminally misfolded non-glycosylated proteins as well as improperly folded glycoproteins, retain them in the ER, and possibly transfer them to the ubiquitination machinery and promote their degradation, Targets the misfolded LRR receptor kinase BRI1 and the misfolded receptor-like kinase EFR


This is Glutaredoxin-C5, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 174 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase, Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins, Can assemble a [2Fe-2S] cluster, but cannot transfer it to an apoferredoxin

Belongs to the glutaredoxin family, CPYC subfamily


This is Metalloendoproteinase 4-MMP protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 342 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or matrixins may play a role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during development or in response to stresses (By similarity), Active on myelin basic protein (MBP) and, to some extent, on McaPLGLDpaAR-NH(2) (QF24) and beta-casein (PubMed:24156403)

Belongs to the peptidase M10A family, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) subfamily


This is Chaperone protein dnaJ GFA2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 456 amino acids, has 1 CR-type Zinc finger, locates in Mitochondrion.

CR-type

Chaperone that may play a role in mitochondrial protein folding, Involved in female gametophyte development, Required for cell death of the synergid cells during fertilization process, and fusion of the polar nuclei during megagametogenesis


This is Ascorbate transporter, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 541 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Inorganic phosphate and probable anion transporter (PubMed:18086223), Ascorbate transporter bridging the chloroplast envelope, Transports ascorbate from the cytosol into the chloroplast, Requires chloride ions and the presence of an electrochemical potential across the membrane for activity (PubMed:25557369)

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Sodium/anion cotransporter (TC 2,A,1,14) family


This is Protein SNOWY COTYLEDON 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 644 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Probable microtubule-associated peroxisomal protein required for chloroplast biogenesis and for the formation of the prolamellar body and prothylakoids in etioplasts, Not involved in peroxisomal metabolism, including mobilization of storage compounds during germination, fatty acid beta-oxydation or photorespiration


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SGR9, amyloplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 283 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; atypical Zinc finger, locates in Plastid.

RING-type; atypical

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates, Modulates amyloplast dynamics and sedimentation in statocytes during inflorescence, hypocotyl and root gravitropism, probably by regulating amyloplast interaction with actin filaments (AFs) in endodermal cells


This is Hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase GALT4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 673 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Possesses hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase activity, Transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues in the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), Is specific for AGPs containing non-contiguous peptidyl hydroxyproline residues, Utilizes UDP-galactose solely as sugar donor, The addition of galactose onto the peptidyl hydroxyproline residues in AGP core proteins represents the first committed step in arabinogalactan polysaccharide addition, AGP glycans play essential roles in both vegetative and reproductive plant growth

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family


This is Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 7.2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 589 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Low-affinity nitrate transporter, Involved in nitrate removal from xylem sap, Not involved in oligopeptides transport

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2,A,17) family


This is 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase LPAT1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 356 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Plastidial enzyme of the prokaryotic glycerol-3-phosphate pathway that converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at position sn-2 (PubMed:15169931), Utilizes palmitoyl-ACP (16:0-ACP) to produce phosphatidic acid containing a saturated group at position sn-2, which is characteristic of lipids synthesized by the prokaryotic pathway (PubMed:15169931), In vitro, can use 16:0-CoA as acyl donor (PubMed:14976237), Essential for embryo development during the transition from the globular to the heart stage when chloroplasts begin to form (PubMed:15169931, PubMed:14976237)

Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family


This is (S)-ureidoglycine aminohydrolase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 298 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Involved in the catabolism of purine nucleotides, Can use (S)-2-ureidoglycine as substrate, but not allantoate, The sequential activity of AAH, UGLYAH and UAH allows a complete purine breakdown without the intermediate generation of urea


This is DELLA protein RGL2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 547 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability, Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes, Upon GA application, it is degraded by the proteasome, allowing the GA signaling pathway, Acts as a major GA-response repressor of seed germination, including seed thermoinhibition, Promotes the biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA), especially in seed coats to maintain seed dormancy, Delays flowering and adult leaf production, Also regulates the floral development, petal, stamen and anther development, by repressing the continued growth of floral organs, Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, Involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination, including glucose-induced delay of seed germination (PubMed:24989044), Promotes salt tolerance, Acts as a repressor of positive regulators of trichome initiation, Required during the flagellin-derived peptide flg22-mediated growth inhibition, Contributes to the susceptibility to the biotrophic pathogen P,syringae pv, tomato and to the resistance to the necrotrophic pathogens B,cinerea A,brassicicola, probably by repressing the SA-defense pathway and preventing cell death, Prevents stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (e,g, salt stress) by acting on the ROS scavenging system, and delays ROS-induced cell death, thus promoting stress tolerance

Belongs to the GRAS family, DELLA subfamily


This is Transcription factor bHLH63 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 335 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that binds DNA to G box 5'-CACGTG-3' and, to a lower extent, to E-box 5'-CANNTG-3' in vitro, Binds to chromatin DNA of the FT gene and promotes its expression, and thus triggers flowering in response to blue light


This is Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 45 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 351 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Forms a complex with CRK36 that may negatively control abscisic acid (ABA) and osmotic stress signal transduction (PubMed:22225700), Involved in plant response to ABA during seed germination, early seedling growth and responses to abiotic stresses by inducing the expression of ABA-responsive genes and stress-inducible genes (PubMed:23583936), Acts as positive regulator in disease resistance, downstream of NPR1 and WRKY70 (PubMed:24215930)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CRK subfamily


This is 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 374 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Specifically cleaves olefinic bonds in alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls and may be involved in detoxification or modification of these reactive compounds (Probable), May be involved in the biosynthesis or metabolism of oxylipin signaling molecules (PubMed:10872231) (Probable), In vitro, reduces 9R,13R-12-oxophytodienoic acid (9R,13R-OPDA) to 9R,13R-OPC-8:0, but only poorly 9S,13S-OPDA, the natural precursor of jasmonic acid (JA) (PubMed:10872231), Can detoxify the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in vitro and in vivo by catalyzing its nitroreduction to form hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene (HADNT) (PubMed:19605548), Functions in an alternative and OPR3-independent pathway for JA biosynthesis (PubMed:29291349), Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 4,5-didehydrojasmonates to jasmonates (PubMed:29291349)

Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family


This is PGR5-like protein 1B, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 313 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Ferredoxin-plastoquinone reductase involved in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I, The homodimer is probably not involved in CEF


This is Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 372 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Negative regulator of the auxin transduction signaling pathway (PubMed:19000167), Involved in stomatal movement regulation by phosphorylating and repressing HT1 and HT1-mediated GHR1 phosphorylation (PubMed:27694184, PubMed:27923039), Required for CO(2)-mediated stomatal movements (e,g, closure) (PubMed:27923039)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase subfamily


This is Heat stress transcription factor A-3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 412 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE), Involved in heat stress response, Activated by DREB2A under heat stress

Belongs to the HSF family, Class A subfamily


This is Transcription factor PIF1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 478 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator, Regulates negatively chlorophyll biosynthesis and seed germination in the dark, and lightinduced degradation of PIF1 relieves this negative regulation to promote photomorphogenesis, Binds to the G-box motif (5'-CACGTG-3') found in many light-regulated promoters, Promotes the expression of SOM, and thus modulates responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA)


This is Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 922 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the metabolism of all major classes of plastid RNAs, Required for efficient 3'-end processing of mRNAs and 3'-end maturation of rRNA transcripts, but is not sufficient to mediate their degradation, Mediates tRNA degradation, May function as a poly(A) mRNA 3'-5' degrading phosphorylase, May be required for plastid ribosome assembly and non-coding RNA biogenesis and accumulation, Seems not required for efficient translation

Belongs to the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase family


This is Protein TIC 62, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 641 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts, Part of the redox regulon consisting of TIC32, TIC 55 and TIC62 (PubMed:12426385), Acts as a membrane anchor of LFNR1 and LFNR2, Has a NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase activity, but only after preincubation with lipids (By similarity)


This is Protein OVEREXPRESSOR OF CATIONIC PEROXIDASE 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 354 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May modulate chromatin structure by regulation of nucleosome assembly/disassembly (By similarity), Homeodomain transcription factor that mediates jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated COI1-dependent and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated PMR4-dependent resistance to infection by necrotrophic fungal pathogens (e,g, B,cinerea and P,cucumerina) and bacterial pathogens (e,g, P,syringae DC3000); this resistance involves at least callose deposition (PubMed:15923348, PubMed:20836879, PubMed:21564353), Required for the P,fluorescens WCS417r-triggered JA-dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against both P,syringae DC3000 and H,arabidopsidis (PubMed:20836879), Negative regulator of the ABA-dependent drought resistance (PubMed:19175769)


This is Chloroplast processing peptidase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 291 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the maturation of the plastid protein translocation channel, Required for the biogenesis of plastid internal membranes, May also function as a thylakoidal processing peptidase


This is Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 613 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Promotes the synthesis of starch in leaves


This is Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase component of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 464 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2), It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (By similarity)

Belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase family


This is Protein XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 337 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in light regulation of the circadian clock and photomorphogenesis, May play a global role in coordinating growth in response to the light environment, Acts as a light quality sensor directing both negative and positive transcriptional regulation, Inhibits growth in red light but promote growth in blue light, Inhibits clock gene expression in diurnal cycles, Plays no role in the control of flowering time


This is PGR5-like protein 1A, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 324 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.


This is Mannosyl-oligosaccharide 1,2-alpha-mannosidase MNS2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 572 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Class I alpha-mannosidase essential for early N-glycan processing, Progressively trims alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues, Produces Man(5)GlcNAc(2) from Man(8)GlcNAc(2), but only Man(6)GlcNAc(2) from Man(9)GlcNAc(2), Has difficulty acting on the terminal mannose of the b-branch, Involved in root development and cell wall biosynthesis

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family


This is DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 14 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 619 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and ribosome biogenesis through rRNA processing

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX5/DBP2 subfamily


This is Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 4.6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 585 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Low-affinity proton-dependent nitrate transporter, Involved in constitutive nitrate uptake, Not involved in histidine or dipeptides transport, Involved in (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) transport, but not in gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid or jasmonic acid import, Mediates cellular ABA uptake, Nitrate does not compete with abscisic acid as a substrate of NPF4,6 (PubMed:24084651)


This is Thiol protease aleurain protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 358 amino acids, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

May play a role in proteolysis leading to mobilization of nitrogen during senescence and starvation


This is Beta-ureidopropionase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 408 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes a late step in pyrimidine degradation, Converts N-carbamoyl-beta-aminoisobutyrate and N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine (3-ureidopropanoate) to, respectively, beta-aminoisobutyrate and beta-alanine, ammonia and carbon dioxide, Involved in the recycling of nitrogen from nucleobases to general nitrogen metabolism

Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily, BUP family


This is Double-stranded RNA-binding protein 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 355 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Double-stranded RNA-binding protein involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), Functions in the trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) biogenesis by binding and assisting DICER-LIKE 4 (DCL4), Required for DCL4 activity, Required for the 21 nucleotide ta-siRNAs production of the TAS3 transcript in leaves but not in flowers, Plays an important role in silencing RNA of both DNA and RNA viruses, Involved with argonaute 7 (AGO7) and RDR6 in turnip crinkle virus (TCV) silencing, May not be directly involved in viral siRNA production, May stabilize the 21 nucleotide viral siRNAs and deliver them to the RISC complex, Targeted by the viral silencing suppressor (VSR) transactivator/viroplasmin (TAV) protein of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) that inactivates DRB4 function in RNA silencing, Probably not involved in the guide strand selection from RNA duplexes, Involved in leaf morphology through its function in ta-siRNA-mediated silencing


This is Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 605 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 3'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 3' phosphate, Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead-end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase I active site tyrosine residue

Belongs to the tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase family


This is Cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NBP35 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 350 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery, Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins, Functions as Fe-S scaffold, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins, Essential for embryo development

Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family, NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily


This is Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 865 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle, The APC/C complex controls several key steps in the cell cycle by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins such as cyclins, The APC/C complex is required for the female gametophyte development and is involved in several aspect of development by controlling cell division and cell elongation, Involved in the control of endoreduplication


This is Very-long-chain aldehyde decarbonylase CER3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 632 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Involved in cuticule membrane and wax production, and in the typhine and sporopollenin biosynthesis of pollen, Core components of a very-long-chain alkane synthesis complex, May be the fatty acid reductase responsible for aldehyde formation


This is Bifunctional monothiol glutaredoxin-S16, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 293 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

May only reduce GSH-thiol disulfides, but not protein disulfides (Probable), Participates probably to the maturation of iron-sulfur proteins and to the regulation of the redox state of the BOLA proteins (Probable), The GRXS16-BOLA1 heterodimer binds a labile, oxygen sensitive iron-sulfur cluster (PubMed:24714563), Able to cleave linearized DNA in vitro (PubMed:23690600)

Belongs to the glutaredoxin family, CGFS subfamily


This is Chitin elicitor-binding protein protein, from Rice, contains 356 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Chitin elicitor-binding protein involved in the perception and transduction of chitin oligosaccharide elicitor signal for defense responses


This is ABC transporter G family member 5 protein, from Rice, contains 787 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Essential transporter for growth and development under abiotic stress (PubMed:22996334), Mediates shoot branching by promoting the outgrowth of lateral shoots (PubMed:19140940), Required for salt tolerance via Na/K homeostasis, at least partly by regulating SKC1/OsHKT1;5 (PubMed:24908511), Necessary for hypodermal suberization of roots, which contributes to formation of the apoplastic barrier (PubMed:25041515)

Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily, ABCG family, Eye pigment precursor importer (TC 3,A,1,204) subfamily


This is DNA-binding protein RFX6 protein, from Human, contains 928 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor required to direct islet cell differentiation during endocrine pancreas development, Specifically required for the differentiation of 4 of the 5 islet cell types and for the production of insulin (PubMed:20148032, PubMed:25497100), Not required for pancreatic PP (polypeptide-producing) cells differentiation, Acts downstream of NEUROG3 and regulates the transcription factors involved in beta-cell maturation and function, thereby restricting the expression of the beta-cell differentiation and specification genes, and thus the beta-cell fate choice, Activates transcription by forming a heterodimer with RFX3 and binding to the X-box in the promoter of target genes (PubMed:20148032), Involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by promoting insulin and L-type calcium channel gene transcription (PubMed:25497100)


This is Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 protein, from Dog, contains 603 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response, The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes, This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins, The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons, Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets, In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection, In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products

Belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family


This is Lissencephaly-1 homolog protein, from Social amoeba, contains 419 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein, May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end, Required for several dynein- and microtubule-dependent processes such as the maintenance of Golgi integrity, the coupling of the nucleus and centrosome and dynein/dynactin-mediated interactions of microtubule tips with the cell cortex

Belongs to the WD repeat LIS1/nudF family


This is Potassium channel toxin alpha-KTx 15.2 protein, from Manchurian scorpion, contains 59 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Blocks both human ERG1/Kv11,1/KCNH2 potassium channels (in a reversible manner) (PubMed:14599291) and A-type voltage-gated potassium channels Kv4/KCND (in an irreversible manner) (PubMed:11457451, PubMed:12473099, PubMed:12637022), The presence of the Kv4-associated proteins DPP6 or DPP10 is mandatory to have high-affinity blockade of Kv4,2/KCND2 and Kv4,3/KCND3 channels (By similarity), In contrast, the presence of the Kv4-associated protein KChIP1/KCNIP1 does not enhance the affinity blockade (By similarity), May dispose of two functional faces (A and B); the two basic residues (Arg-40 and Lys-41) on the alpha-helix side of the peptide that blocks the hERG current (face A) and the typical dyad through which it blocks A-type currents on the beta-sheet side (face B) (PubMed:14599291), In adult rat brain, it binds to sites in the striatum, hippocampus, superior colliculus, and cerebellum, It shares the same target in rat brain than AaTX1 (AC Q867F4) and AmmTX3 (AC P60208), In DPP6 knockout mice, A-type currents are much less affected by the toxin than in wild-type mice (PubMed:23440961)

Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily, Potassium channel inhibitor family, Alpha-KTx 15 subfamily


This is Transcription factor hamlet protein, from Fruit fly, contains 990 amino acids, has 8 C2H2-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2H2-type 6; atypical Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2H2-type 6; atypical

Transcription factor that plays a crucial role in external sensory organ (ESO) that elaborates from a single precursor cell (ESOP cell), Mediates the differentiation of lineage branch that generates the internal 'ES' and 'th' cells (external sensory neuron and thecogen cells, respectively) from the IIIB cell, Its absence leads to re-specification of IIIB daughter cells into external tormagen cells (tr cells), or internal multidendritic neurons (MD cells), One of its role in the development of the ESO lineage is to modulate the activity of Notch and PAX2 signals


This is Transcriptional adapter 2B protein, from Fruit fly, contains 555 amino acids, has 1 ZZ-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

ZZ-type

Required for the function of some acidic activation domains, which activate transcription from a distant site, Binds double-stranded DNA, Binds dinucleosomes, probably at the linker region between neighboring nucleosomes, Plays a role in chromatin remodeling


This is Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX2 protein, from Plasmodium falciparum (isolate 3D7), contains 219 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia as part of the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, The resulting ammonia molecule is channeled to the active site of Pdx1

Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family


This is Caspase-8 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 494 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Effector of the programmed cell death (PCD) activators rpr, grim and hid (PubMed:9740659), May play an apoptotic role in the germline as well as soma, Fadd interacts with Dredd to promote cleavage of Dredd and is necessary and sufficient for enhancing Dredd-induced apoptosis (PubMed:10934188), Plays a role in the innate immune response, Required for resistance to Gram-negative bacterial infection (PubMed:11269502), Diap2-mediated ubiquitination of Dredd is critical for processing of imd and rel and the subsequent expression of antimicrobial genes such as DptA (PubMed:22549468)


This is Transmembrane channel-like protein 8 protein, from Human, contains 726 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.


This is Transmembrane protease serine 6 protein, from Human, contains 811 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Membrane-bound serine protease (PubMed:18976966, PubMed:20518742, PubMed:25156943, PubMed:25588876), Through the cleavage of cell surface HJV, a regulator of the expression of the iron absorption-regulating hormone hepicidin/HAMP, plays a role in iron homeostasis (PubMed:25156943, PubMed:18408718, PubMed:18976966)


This is Interferon regulatory factor 2-binding protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 584 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; degenerate Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

RING-type; degenerate

Acts as a transcriptional corepressor in a IRF2-dependent manner; this repression is not mediated by histone deacetylase activities, May act as an E3 ligase towards JDP2, enhancing its polyubiquitination, Represses ATF2-dependent transcriptional activation


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF135 protein, from Human, contains 432 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a RIGI coreceptor in the sensing of viral RNAs in cell cytoplasm and the activation of the antiviral innate immune response (PubMed:19017631, PubMed:19484123, PubMed:21147464, PubMed:23950712, PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531), Together with the UBE2D3, UBE2N and UB2V1 E2 ligases, catalyzes the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of RIGI oligomerized on viral RNAs, an essential step in the activation of the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:19017631, PubMed:21147464, PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531), Through a ubiquitin-independent parallel mechanism, which consists in bridging RIGI filaments forming on longer viral RNAs, further activates the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:31006531), This second mechanism that synergizes with the ubiquitin-dependent one would thereby allow an RNA length-dependent regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway (Probable), Associated with the E2 ligase UBE2N, also constitutively synthesizes unanchored 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains that may also activate the RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:28469175, PubMed:31006531)


This is Ribosomal oxygenase 2 protein, from Human, contains 465 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase, Is involved in the demethylation of trimethylated 'Lys-9' on histone H3 (H3K9me3), leading to an increase in ribosomal RNA expression, Also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L27a on 'His-39', May play an important role in cell growth and survival, May be involved in ribosome biogenesis, most likely during the assembly process of pre-ribosomal particles

Belongs to the ROX family, MINA53 subfamily


This is Signal peptide peptidase-like 2C protein, from Human, contains 684 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

In round spermatids, acts as a scaffold protein supporting FREY1 in IZUMO1 recruitment at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and coordination of IZUMO1 complex assembly, Stabilizes FREY1 at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane through interaction, May recruit IZUMO1 interaction partners


This is Cytokine receptor-like factor 3 protein, from Human, contains 442 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May play a role in the negative regulation of cell cycle progression

Belongs to the cytokine receptor-like factor 3 family


This is CREB3 regulatory factor protein, from Human, contains 639 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as a negative regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response or unfolded protein response (UPR), Represses the transcriptional activity of CREB3 during the UPR, Recruits CREB3 into nuclear foci

Belongs to the bZIP family, CREBRF subfamily


This is RELT-like protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 271 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Induces activation of MAPK14/p38 cascade, when overexpressed (PubMed:28688764), Induces apoptosis, when overexpressed (PubMed:19969290)


This is Complex I assembly factor TMEM126B, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 230 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

As part of the MCIA complex, involved in the assembly of the mitochondrial complex I (PubMed:32320651, PubMed:27374773, PubMed:27374774), Participates in constructing the membrane arm of complex I (PubMed:24191001)


This is Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK3 protein, from Human, contains 474 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inactive kinase that suppresses ERK activity by promoting phosphatase activity of DUSP3 which specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK in the nucleus

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family, VRK subfamily


This is Malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 390 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the transfer of a malonyl moiety from malonyl-CoA to the free thiol group of the phosphopantetheine arm of the mitochondrial ACP protein (NDUFAB1), This suggests the existence of the biosynthesis of fatty acids in mitochondria

Belongs to the type II malonyltransferase family


This is AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3B protein, from Human, contains 561 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor which may be involved in neuroblastoma growth and malignant transformation, Favors nuclear targeting of ARID3A


This is WD repeat-containing protein 75 protein, from Human, contains 830 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Ribosome biogenesis factor, Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit, During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome, Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA, Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I


This is Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-interacting protein protein, from Human, contains 547 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Enhances Ca(2+)-mediated inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (ITPR) Ca(2+) release


This is DCN1-like protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 304 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Contributes to the neddylation of all cullins by transferring NEDD8 from N-terminally acetylated NEDD8-conjugating E2s enzyme to different cullin C-terminal domain-RBX complexes and may play a role in the cell cycle progression by regulating the SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, after UV damage (PubMed:23201271, PubMed:19617556, PubMed:27542266, PubMed:18823379), At the cell membrane, can promote and as well inhibit cullins neddylation (PubMed:19617556, PubMed:26906416, PubMed:25349211)