This is Sodium channel subunit beta-4 protein, from Human, contains 228 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like C2-type

Modulates channel gating kinetics, Causes negative shifts in the voltage dependence of activation of certain alpha sodium channels, but does not affect the voltage dependence of inactivation, Modulates the susceptibility of the sodium channel to inhibition by toxic peptides from spider, scorpion, wasp and sea anemone venom

Belongs to the sodium channel auxiliary subunit SCN4B (TC 8,A,17) family


This is Volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8A protein, from Human, contains 810 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC, also named VSOAC channel), an anion channel required to maintain a constant cell volume in response to extracellular or intracellular osmotic changes (PubMed:24725410, PubMed:29769723, PubMed:24790029, PubMed:26530471, PubMed:26824658, PubMed:28193731), The VRAC channel conducts iodide better than chloride and can also conduct organic osmolytes like taurine (PubMed:24725410, PubMed:30095067, PubMed:24790029, PubMed:26530471, PubMed:26824658, PubMed:28193731), Mediates efflux of amino acids, such as aspartate and glutamate, in response to osmotic stress (PubMed:28193731), LRRC8A and LRRC8D are required for the uptake of the drug cisplatin (PubMed:26530471), In complex with LRRC8C or LRRC8E, acts as a transporter of immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotide GMP-AMP (2'-3'-cGAMP), an immune messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol: mediates both import and export of 2'-3'-cGAMP, thereby promoting transfer of 2'-3'-cGAMP to bystander cells (PubMed:33171122), In contrast, complexes containing LRRC8D inhibit transport of 2'-3'-cGAMP (PubMed:33171122), Required for in vivo channel activity, together with at least one other family member (LRRC8B, LRRC8C, LRRC8D or LRRC8E); channel characteristics depend on the precise subunit composition (PubMed:24790029, PubMed:26824658, PubMed:28193731), Can form functional channels by itself (in vitro) (PubMed:26824658), Involved in B-cell development: required for the pro-B cell to pre-B cell transition (PubMed:14660746), Also required for T-cell development (By similarity), Required for myoblast differentiation: VRAC activity promotes membrane hyperpolarization and regulates insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption (By similarity), Also acts as a regulator of glucose-sensing in pancreatic beta cells: VRAC currents, generated in response to hypotonicity- or glucose-induced beta cell swelling, depolarize cells, thereby causing electrical excitation, leading to increase glucose sensitivity and insulin secretion (PubMed:29371604), Also plays a role in lysosome homeostasis by forming functional lysosomal VRAC channels in response to low cytoplasmic ionic strength condition: lysosomal VRAC channels are necessary for the formation of large lysosome-derived vacuoles, which store and then expel excess water to maintain cytosolic water homeostasis (PubMed:31270356, PubMed:33139539)


This is Lymphocyte transmembrane adapter 1 protein, from Human, contains 398 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Negatively regulates TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in T-cells and BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells


This is Homeobox and leucine zipper protein Homez protein, from Human, contains 550 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May function as a transcriptional regulator


This is DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 10 protein, from Human, contains 793 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum disulfide reductase involved both in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded proteins, Required for efficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by catalyzing the removal of non-native disulfide bonds formed during the folding of proteins, such as LDLR, Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) by reducing incorrect disulfide bonds in misfolded glycoproteins recognized by EDEM1, Interaction with HSPA5 is required its activity, not for the disulfide reductase activity, but to facilitate the release of DNAJC10 from its substrate, Promotes apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress


This is Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 933 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May play a broad role in neurogenesis, May control regulatory pathways relevant to schizophrenia and to psychotic illness (By similarity)


This is Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 protein, from Human, contains 618 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking (PubMed:16630562, PubMed:22396657), Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (PubMed:22396657)

Belongs to the mitochondrial Rho GTPase family


This is Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 protein, from Human, contains 618 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking (PubMed:12482879, PubMed:16630562, PubMed:22396657), Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (PubMed:12482879, PubMed:16630562, PubMed:22396657), Promotes mitochondrial fission during high calcium conditions (PubMed:27716788)


This is NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 protein, from Human, contains 389 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Lacks deacetylation activity, at least toward known SIRT2 targets

Belongs to the sirtuin family, Class I subfamily


This is Polyhomeotic-like protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 858 amino acids, has 1 FCS-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

FCS-type

Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development, PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein mL41 protein, from Human, contains 137 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the mitochondrial ribosome large subunit (PubMed:28892042, PubMed:25838379, PubMed:25278503), Also involved in apoptosis and cell cycle (PubMed:16024796, PubMed:16256947), Enhances p53/TP53 stability, thereby contributing to p53/TP53-induced apoptosis in response to growth-inhibitory condition, Enhances p53/TP53 translocation to the mitochondria, Has the ability to arrest the cell cycle at the G1 phase, possibly by stabilizing the CDKN1A and CDKN1B (p27Kip1) proteins (PubMed:16024796)

Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL41 family


This is Nurim protein, from Human, contains 262 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.


This is Kelch-like protein 7 protein, from Human, contains 586 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, The BCR(KLHL7) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrate proteins, Probably mediates 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination


This is Kelch domain-containing protein 8B protein, from Human, contains 354 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Involved in pinching off the separated nuclei at the cleavage furrow and in cytokinesis (PubMed:20107318), Required for mitotic integrity and maintenance of chromosomal stability, Protects cells against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification, micronucleus formation and aneuploidy, Plays a key role of midbody function involving abscission of the daughter cells during cytokinesis and appropriate chromosomal and nuclear segregation into the daughter cells (PubMed:22988245, PubMed:23713010)


This is Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 CTD phosphatase RPAP2 protein, from Human, contains 612 amino acids, has 1 RTR1-type Zinc finger, locates in Cytoplasm.

Protein phosphatase that displays CTD phosphatase activity and regulates transcription of snRNA genes, Recognizes and binds phosphorylated 'Ser-7' of the C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A, and mediates dephosphorylation of 'Ser-5' of the CTD, thereby promoting transcription of snRNA genes (PubMed:17643375, PubMed:22137580, PubMed:24997600), Downstream of EIF2AK3/PERK, dephosphorylates ERN1, a sensor for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR), to abort failed ER-stress adaptation and trigger apoptosis (PubMed:30118681)


This is Solute carrier family 15 member 3 protein, from Human, contains 581 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Proton-coupled amino-acid transporter that transports free histidine and certain di- and tripeptides, and is involved in innate immune response (By similarity), Also able to transport carnosine (PubMed:31073693), Involved in the detection of microbial pathogens by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), probably by mediating transport of bacterial peptidoglycans across the endolysosomal membrane: catalyzes the transport of certain bacterial peptidoglycans, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the NOD2 ligand (By similarity)

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2,A,17) family


This is YY1-associated factor 2 protein, from Human, contains 180 amino acids, has 1 RanBP2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Binds to MYC and inhibits MYC-mediated transactivation, Also binds to MYCN and enhances MYCN-dependent transcriptional activation, Increases calpain 2-mediated proteolysis of YY1 in vitro, Component of the E2F6,com-1 complex, a repressive complex that methylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3, suggesting that it is involved in chromatin-remodeling


This is pre-rRNA 2'-O-ribose RNA methyltransferase FTSJ3 protein, from Human, contains 847 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

(Microbial infection) In case of infection by HIV-1 virus, recruited to HIV-1 RNA and catalyzes 2'-O-methylation of the viral genome, allowing HIV-1 virus to escape the innate immune system (PubMed:30626973), RNA 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for discrimination of self from non-self and is used by HIV-1 to evade innate immune recognition by IFIH1/MDA5 (PubMed:30626973), Mediates methylation of internal residues of HIV-1 RNA, with a strong preference for adenosine (PubMed:30626973), Recruited to HIV-1 RNA via interaction with TARBP2/TRBP (PubMed:30626973)

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, RNA methyltransferase RlmE family, SPB1 subfamily


This is Cytoskeleton-associated protein 2-like protein, from Human, contains 745 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Microtubule-associated protein required for mitotic spindle formation and cell-cycle progression in neural progenitor cells


This is DIS3-like exonuclease 2 protein, from Human, contains 885 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

3'-5'-exoribonuclease that specifically recognizes RNAs polyuridylated at their 3' end and mediates their degradation, Component of an exosome-independent RNA degradation pathway that mediates degradation of both mRNAs and miRNAs that have been polyuridylated by a terminal uridylyltransferase, such as ZCCHC11/TUT4, Mediates degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs that have been deadenylated and subsequently uridylated at their 3', Mediates degradation of uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs, contributing to the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells, Essential for correct mitosis, and negatively regulates cell proliferation

Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family, DIS3L2 subfamily


This is Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 146 protein, from Human, contains 955 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 13 protein, from Human, contains 715 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for primary cilia formation and promotes the localization of the ciliopathy protein BBS4 to both centriolar satellites and cilia


This is Synaptotagmin-like protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 562 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May play a role in vesicle trafficking (By similarity), Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, Acts as a RAB27A effector protein and may play a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes (By similarity)


This is Tomoregulin-1 protein, from Human, contains 380 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

May inhibit NODAL and BMP signaling during neural patterning (By similarity), May be a tumor suppressor in brain cancers


This is Calcium uptake protein 2, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 434 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Key regulator of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) required to limit calcium uptake by MCU when cytoplasmic calcium is low (PubMed:24503055, PubMed:24560927, PubMed:26903221), MICU1 and MICU2 form a disulfide-linked heterodimer that stimulate and inhibit MCU activity, depending on the concentration of calcium (PubMed:24560927), MICU2 acts as a gatekeeper of MCU that senses calcium level via its EF-hand domains: prevents channel opening at resting calcium, avoiding energy dissipation and cell-death triggering (PubMed:24560927)

Belongs to the MICU1 family, MICU2 subfamily


This is Stabilizer of axonemal microtubules 1 protein, from Human, contains 474 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May play a role in the regulation of cilium length, Stabilizes microtubules at low temperature


This is Interferon lambda-3 protein, from Human, contains 196 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cytokine with antiviral, antitumour and immunomodulatory activities, Plays a critical role in the antiviral host defense, predominantly in the epithelial tissues, Acts as a ligand for the heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor composed of IL10RB and IFNLR1, and receptor engagement leads to the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway resulting in the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which mediate the antiviral state, Has a restricted receptor distribution and therefore restricted targets: is primarily active in epithelial cells and this cell type-selective action is because of the epithelial cell-specific expression of its receptor IFNLR1, Seems not to be essential for early virus-activated host defense in vaginal infection, but plays an important role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced antiviral defense, Plays a significant role in the antiviral immune defense in the intestinal epithelium, Exerts an immunomodulatory effect by up-regulating MHC class I antigen expression


This is TBC1 domain family member 3 protein, from Human, contains 549 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Acts as a GTPase activating protein for RAB5, Does not act on RAB4 or RAB11


This is Protein FAM9A protein, from Human, contains 332 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.


This is Endo-1,6-beta-D-glucanase BGN16.3 protein, from Hypocrea lixii, contains 490 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Has highest activity on the linear beta-1,6-glucan pustulan, Lower activity against yeast glucan and laminarin (beta-1,3-glucans with beta-1,6-branches), No activity on colloidal chitin, pachyman, starch, cellulose, nigeran, dextran or gentobiose

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 30 family


This is Poly(U)-specific endoribonuclease-A protein, from African clawed frog, contains 292 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Poly(U)-specific endoribonuclease involved in the processing of intron-encoded box C/D snoRNAs, such as U16 and U86, Releases products that have 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini at the 3'-end


This is Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor protein, from Mouse, contains 737 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates neuron-glia interaction during astrocytogenesis, May promote differentiation of Bergmann glia during cerebellar development by activating DELTEX-dependent NOTCH1 signaling


This is Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 311 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial electroneutral antiporter that exports citrate from the mitochondria into the cytosol in exchange for malate, Also able to mediate the exchange of citrate for isocitrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, cis-aconitate and to a lesser extend cis-aconitate, maleate and succinate, In the cytoplasm citrate is important in the regulation of glycolysis through a feedback mechanism and in the production of acetyl-CoA which is needed for the synthesis of fatty acids, sterols, prostaglandins, dolichol and coenzyme Q (CoQ), Required for proper neuromuscular junction formation

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 567 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Multidrug efflux pump that functions as a H(+)/organic cation antiporter (PubMed:16641166, PubMed:19332510), Plays a physiological role in the excretion of cationic compounds including endogenous metabolites, drugs, toxins through the kidney and liver, into urine and bile respectively (By similarity), Mediates the efflux of endogenous compounds such as creatinine, vitamin B1/thiamine, agmatine and estrone-3-sulfate (By similarity), May also contribute to regulate the transport of cationic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (By similarity)

Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2,A,66,1) family


This is Cytoplasmic dynein 2 light intermediate chain 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 351 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 2 complex (dynein-2 complex), a motor protein complex that drives the movement of cargos along microtubules within cilia and flagella in concert with the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, facilitating the assembly of these organelles (By similarity) (PubMed:15371312), Involved in the regulation of ciliary length (By similarity)

Belongs to the dynein light intermediate chain family


This is Monocarboxylate transporter 8 protein, from Rat, contains 545 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Specific thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter, that mediates both uptake and efflux of thyroid hormone across the cell membrane independently of pH or a Na(+) gradient, Major substrates are the iodothyronines T3 and T4 and to a lesser extent rT3 and 3,3-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) (PubMed:12871948), Acts as an important mediator of thyroid hormone transport, especially T3, through the blood-brain barrier (By similarity)

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2,A,1,13) family


This is DNA-directed RNA polymerase I subunit RPA49 protein, from Mouse, contains 482 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates, Component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors (PubMed:8641287, PubMed:9254723), Appears to be involved in the formation of the initiation complex at the promoter by mediating the interaction between Pol I and UBTF/UBF (PubMed:8641287)

Belongs to the eukaryotic RPA49/POLR1E RNA polymerase subunit family


This is High affinity copper uptake protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 196 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mobilizes copper(1+) out of the endosomal compartment, making copper(1+) available for export out of the cells

Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1,A,56) family, SLC31A subfamily


This is Scavenger receptor class A member 5 protein, from Mouse, contains 491 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ferritin receptor that mediates non-transferrin-dependent delivery of iron, Mediates cellular uptake of ferritin-bound iron by stimulating ferritin endocytosis from the cell surface with consequent iron delivery within the cell, Delivery of iron to cells by ferritin is required for the development of specific cell types, suggesting the existence of cell type-specific mechanisms of iron traffic in organogenesis, which alternatively utilize transferrin or non-transferrin iron delivery pathways, Ferritin mediates iron uptake in capsule cells of the developing kidney, Preferentially binds ferritin light chain (FTL) compared to heavy chain (FTH1)


This is CST complex subunit STN1 protein, from Mouse, contains 378 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the CST complex proposed to act as a specialized replication factor promoting DNA replication under conditions of replication stress or natural replication barriers such as the telomere duplex, The CST complex binds single-stranded DNA with high affinity in a sequence-independent manner, while isolated subunits bind DNA with low affinity by themselves, Initially the CST complex has been proposed to protect telomeres from DNA degradation (PubMed:19854130), However, the CST complex has been shown to be involved in several aspects of telomere replication, The CST complex inhibits telomerase and is involved in telomere length homeostasis; it is proposed to bind to newly telomerase-synthesized 3' overhangs and to terminate telomerase action implicating the association with the ACD:POT1 complex thus interfering with its telomerase stimulation activity, The CST complex is also proposed to be involved in fill-in synthesis of the telomeric C-strand probably implicating recruitment and activation of DNA polymerase alpha (PubMed:22748632), The CST complex facilitates recovery from many forms of exogenous DNA damage; seems to be involved in the re-initiation of DNA replication at repaired forks and/or dormant origins, Required for efficicient replication of the duplex region of the telomere, Promotes efficient replication of lagging-strand telomeres, Promotes general replication start following replication-fork stalling implicating new origin firing, May be in involved in C-strand fill-in during late S/G2 phase independent of its role in telomere duplex replication (By similarity)


This is Cerebral cavernous malformations protein 2 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 453 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the CCM signaling pathway which is a crucial regulator of heart and vessel formation and integrity, May act through the stabilization of endothelial cell junctions, May also function as a scaffold protein for MAP2K3-MAP3K3 signaling, Seems to play a major role in the modulation of MAP3K3-dependent p38 activation induced by hyperosmotic shock


This is Inactive serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK3 protein, from Mouse, contains 453 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inactive kinase that suppresses ERK activity by promoting phosphatase activity of DUSP3 which specifically dephosphorylates and inactivates ERK in the nucleus

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family, VRK subfamily


This is Interleukin-27 subunit alpha protein, from Mouse, contains 234 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Associates with EBI3 to form the IL-27 interleukin, a heterodimeric cytokine which functions in innate immunity, IL-27 has pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, that can regulate T-helper cell development, suppress T-cell proliferation, stimulate cytotoxic T-cell activity, induce isotype switching in B-cells, and that has diverse effects on innate immune cells, Among its target cells are CD4 T-helper cells which can differentiate in type 1 effector cells (TH1), type 2 effector cells (TH2) and IL17 producing helper T-cells (TH17), It drives rapid clonal expansion of naive but not memory CD4 T-cells, It also strongly synergizes with IL-12 to trigger interferon-gamma/IFN-gamma production of naive CD4 T-cells, binds to the cytokine receptor WSX-1/TCCR which appears to be required but not sufficient for IL-27-mediated signal transduction, IL-27 potentiate the early phase of TH1 response and suppress TH2 and TH17 differentiation, It induces the differentiation of TH1 cells via two distinct pathways, p38 MAPK/TBX21- and ICAM1/ITGAL/ERK-dependent pathways, It also induces STAT1, STAT3, STAT4 and STAT5 phosphorylation and activates TBX21/T-Bet via STAT1 with resulting IL12RB2 up-regulation, an event crucial to TH1 cell commitment, It suppresses the expression of GATA3, the inhibitor TH1 cells development, In CD8 T-cells, it activates STATs as well as GZMB, IL-27 reveals to be a potent inhibitor of TH17 cell development and of IL-17 production, Indeed IL27 alone is also able to inhibit the production of IL17 by CD4 and CD8 T-cells, While IL-27 suppressed the development of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells via STAT1, it inhibits the development of anti-inflammatory inducible regulatory T-cells, iTreg, independently of STAT1, IL-27 has also an effect on cytokine production, it suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 and activates suppressors of cytokine signaling such as SOCS1 and SOCS3, Apart from suppression of cytokine production, IL-27 also antagonizes the effects of some cytokines such as IL6 through direct effects on T-cells, Another important role of IL-27 is its antitumor activity as well as its antiangiogenic activity with activation of production of antiangiogenic chemokines such as IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9


This is P2X purinoceptor 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 485 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ion channel gated by extracellular ATP involved in a variety of cellular responses, such as excitatory postsynaptic responses in sensory neurons, neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) formation, hearing, perception of taste and peristalsis, In the inner ear, regulates sound transduction and auditory neurotransmission, outer hair cell electromotility, inner ear gap junctions, and K(+) recycling, Mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle


This is Protein CASC3 protein, from Mouse, contains 698 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome, Core component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junctions on mRNAs, The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism, The EJC marks the position of the exon-exon junction in the mature mRNA for the gene expression machinery and the core components remain bound to spliced mRNAs throughout all stages of mRNA metabolism thereby influencing downstream processes including nuclear mRNA export, subcellular mRNA localization, translation efficiency and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), Stimulates the ATPase and RNA-helicase activities of EIF4A3, Plays a role in the stress response by participating in cytoplasmic stress granules assembly and by favoring cell recovery following stress, Component of the dendritic ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) in hippocampal neurons, May play a role in mRNA transport, Binds spliced mRNA in sequence-independent manner, 20-24 nucleotides upstream of mRNA exon-exon junctions, Binds poly(G) and poly(U) RNA homomer


This is Membrane frizzled-related protein protein, from Mouse, contains 584 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Centrin-4 protein, from Mouse, contains 168 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Ca(2+)-binding protein that may be involved in basal body assembly or in a subsequent step of ciliogenesis


This is Tribbles homolog 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 354 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inactive protein kinase which acts as a regulator of the integrated stress response (ISR), a process for adaptation to various stress (PubMed:17369260), Inhibits the transcriptional activity of DDIT3/CHOP and is involved in DDIT3/CHOP-dependent cell death during ER stress (By similarity), May play a role in programmed neuronal cell death but does not appear to affect non-neuronal cells (By similarity), Acts as a negative feedback regulator of the ATF4-dependent transcription during the ISR: while TRIB3 expression is promoted by ATF4, TRIB3 protein interacts with ATF4 and inhibits ATF4 transcription activity (PubMed:12749859, PubMed:17369260), Disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt kinases and blocking their activation (PubMed:12791994), May bind directly to and mask the 'Thr-308' phosphorylation site in AKT1 (PubMed:12791994), Interacts with the NF-kappa-B transactivator p65 RELA and inhibits its phosphorylation and thus its transcriptional activation activity (By similarity), Interacts with MAPK kinases and regulates activation of MAP kinases (By similarity), Can inhibit APOBEC3A editing of nuclear DNA (PubMed:22977230)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, Tribbles subfamily


This is One cut domain family member 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 490 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator, Binds the consensus DNA sequence 5'-DHWATTGAYTWWD-3' on a variety of gene promoters such as those of HNF3B and TTR


This is Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog protein, from Mouse, contains 625 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor playing an important role in primary neurulation and in epithelial development, Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-AACCGGTT-3' acting as an activator and repressor on distinct target genes (PubMed:22696678), During embryogenesis, plays unique and cooperative roles with GRHL3 in establishing distinct zones of primary neurulation, Essential for closure 3 (rostral end of the forebrain), functions cooperatively with GRHL3 in closure 2 (forebrain/midbrain boundary) and posterior neuropore closure (PubMed:20654612), Regulates epithelial morphogenesis acting as a target gene-associated transcriptional activator of apical junctional complex components, Up-regulates of CLDN3 and CLDN4, as well as of RAB25, which increases the CLDN4 protein and its localization at tight junctions (PubMed:22696678), Comprises an essential component of the transcriptional machinery that establishes appropriate expression levels of CLDN4 and CDH1 in different types of epithelia (PubMed:20978075), Exhibits functional redundancy with GRHL3 in epidermal morphogenetic events such as eyelid fusion and epidermal wound repair (PubMed:21081122), In lung, forms a regulatory loop with NKX2-1 that coordinates lung epithelial cell morphogenesis and differentiation (PubMed:22955271), In keratinocytes, plays a role in telomerase activation during cellular proliferation, regulates TERT expression by binding to TERT promoter region and inhibiting DNA methylation at the 5'-CpG island, possibly by interfering with DNMT1 enzyme activity, In addition, impairs keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal function by inhibiting the expression of genes clustered at the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) as well as GRHL1 and GRHL3 through epigenetic mechanisms (By similarity)

Belongs to the grh/CP2 family, Grainyhead subfamily


This is Serine/arginine-rich SC35-like splicing factor SCL30 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 262 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in intron recognition and spliceosome assembly (Probable), Probably active at the 5' splice sites

Belongs to the splicing factor SR family, SCL subfamily


This is 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 461 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes all the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP (PubMed:17616510, PubMed:28202596), Able to elongate saturated acyl chains from 4 to at least 16 carbons (PubMed:17616510, PubMed:28202596), Uses malonyl-CoA but not acetyl-CoA as primer substrate (PubMed:17616510), When expressed in a heterologous system, reveals a bimodal distribution of products, with peaks at C8 and C14-C16 (PubMed:17616510), The major product of the reaction (octanoyl-ACP) is required for the lipoylation of essential mitochondrial proteins (PubMed:17616510, PubMed:28202596), Required for mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFAS) (PubMed:28202596), MtFAS are essential for photorespiration and plant development, probably by influencing mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and other lipid metabolic pathways (PubMed:28202596)

Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily, Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family


This is Protein FIZZY-RELATED 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 483 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Activator protein that regulates the ubiquitin ligase activity and substrate specificity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), Necessary and sufficient for endoreduplication and correct cell expansion, Controls meristem size by stimulating endoreduplication in the elongation zone

Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family


This is D-amino-acid transaminase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 373 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Amino acid aminotransferase showing activity for D-Asp and D-Ala as amino donors with 2-oxoglutarate as an amino acceptor, Can also use D-Met, D-Tyr, D-Phe, D-Gln, D-Trp and D-Asn as substrates, but no activity with L-Asp, L-Ala, L-Leu, L-Ile or L-Val, Catalyzes also the reverse reaction where an amino group is transferred from D-Glu to pyruvate or oxaloacetate to produce D-Ala or D-Asp, respectively, Also involved in folate biosynthesis, acting as an aminodeoxychorismate lyase converting 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) to p-aminobenzoate (PABA)(PubMed:15500462)

Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Wee1-like protein kinase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 500 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Cell cycle regulatory kinase that is not rate-limiting for cycle progression under normal growth conditions, Transcriptionally activated upon DNA stress or damage in an ATR- or ATM-dependent manner, Once activated, inhibits plant growth by arresting dividing cells in the G2 phase before proceeding into mitosis, Down-regulates CDKA-1 and CDKD-2 by tyrosine phosphorylation, May target principally CDKA-1

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family, WEE1 subfamily


This is THO complex subunit 6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 367 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-DWA1/DWA2 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that acts as negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, May function as the substrate recognition module within this complex leading to ABI5 degradation, Functionally redundant with DWA2


This is Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 350 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Required during embryogenesis, Permease involved in lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plastids, and necessary for thylakoids formation


This is snRNA-activating protein complex subunit protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 375 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator of small-nuclear RNA genes (snRNA), which have essential roles in pre-mRNA splicing and rRNA processing, Essential protein involved in the establishment of apical meristems and organ primordia, embryogenesis, cell differentiation and cell proliferation, probably by modulating the establishment of auxin gradients, Participates in the control of competence in cell proliferation; required for the reinitiation of the progression of the cell cycle and subsequent cell proliferation during cell redifferentiation leading to callus formation, especially during the first day of dedifferentiation (e,g, callus, root and shoot formation from root and hypocotyl explants)


This is Dol-P-Glc:Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 509 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Adds the third glucose residue to the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor for N-linked glycosylation, Transfers glucose from dolichyl phosphate glucose (Dol-P-Glc) onto the lipid-linked oligosaccharide Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-Dol, Can complement an ALG10-deficient yeast mutant

Belongs to the ALG10 glucosyltransferase family


This is Regulatory protein NPR3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 586 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity), Involved in the regulation of basal defense responses against pathogens


This is BTB/POZ and MATH domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 407 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins


This is Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 754 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Possesses phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphate kinase activity (Probable), Phosphorylates PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(3)P in vitro (PubMed:19903693), Doesn't phosphorylate PtdIns(5)P nor PtdIns(3,4)P2 in vitro (PubMed:19903693), Does not exhibit phosphatidylinositol kinase activity in vitro (PubMed:19903693)


This is Protein REDUCED WALL ACETYLATION 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 540 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Probable O-acetyltransferase involved in the acetylation of xylan during secondary wall biosynthesis

Belongs to the PC-esterase family, CASD1 subfamily


This is Protein MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 421 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Calcium-permeable stretch-activated channel component, Involved in mechano-stimulated calcium uptake mechanism and in mechanosensing in the primary root


This is Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase GALT1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 643 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates with a terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc) residue, Involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans containing Lewis a structures (with the combination of FUT13)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family


This is NAD-dependent malic enzyme 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 607 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in the regulation of sugars and amino acids metabolisms during the night period


This is Beta-hexosaminidase 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 535 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Has a broad substrate specificity, Can use synthetic substrates such as pyridylaminated chitotriose, p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide, p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-GlcNAc), p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-GalNAc), 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNAc), and 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNAc-6SO(4)) as substrates, Removes terminal GlcNAc residues from alpha1,3- and alpha1,6-mannosyl branches of biantennary N-glycans without any strict branch preference, Required for the presence of paucimannosidic N-glycans in glycoproteins of roots and leaves

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family


This is DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 748 amino acids, has 1 CCHC-type Zinc finger, locates in Plastid.

CCHC-type

Nuclear genome-encoded factor involved in ribosome biogenesis in chloroplasts (PubMed:22576849, PubMed:23227895, PubMed:25043599), Binds specific group II introns in chloroplasts and facilitates their splicing, Is required for rRNA maturation in plastids and may contribute to the assembly of the large (50S) ribosomal subunit (PubMed:22576849), Required for normal development of chloroplasts (PubMed:22576849, PubMed:23227895, PubMed:25043599), Required for the expression of transcripts encoding plastid-localized enzymes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, Required for maintenance of ABA levels and response to salt stress (PubMed:23227895), Possesses RNA chaperone activity for proper splicing of introns in chloroplasts, Essential for chloroplast function and abiotic stress responses (PubMed:25043599)

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX21/DDX50 subfamily


This is Thioredoxin Y2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 167 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that poorly activates chloroplastic malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, Provides reducing equivalents for peroxiredoxin Q

Belongs to the thioredoxin family, Plant Y-type subfamily


This is Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSL1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 881 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Phosphatase involved in elongation process, probably by acting as a regulator of brassinolide signaling

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family, BSU subfamily


This is Protein BASIC PENTACYSTEINE6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 342 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds to GA-rich elements (GAGA-repeats) present in regulatory sequences of genes involved in developmental processes


This is Very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 318 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Beta-ketoacyl-coenzyme A reductase required for the elongation of fatty acids precursors of sphingolipids, triacylglycerols, cuticular waxes and suberin, Responsible for the first reduction step in very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) synthesis, Decreased expression of KCR1 (RNAi) leads to plants with fused vegetative and reproductive organs, and abnormal trichome, epidermal cell and root morphology, Cannot be complemented by KCR2

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


This is PHD finger protein ALFIN-LIKE 7 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 252 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes


This is Methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 272 amino acids, has 1 CW-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

CW-type


This is Probable pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 255 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia as part of the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, The resulting ammonia molecule is channeled to the active site of PDX1, Involved in the indirect resistance to singlet oxygen-generating photosensitizers

Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family


This is Protein IDA protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 77 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Involved in an ethylene-independent separation step of floral abscission (PubMed:18660431, PubMed:23963677, PubMed:27058169), Promotes abscission zone (AZ) cells rounding (PubMed:23963677, PubMed:27058169), May act with RLK5 and HSL2 as ligand-receptor pairs (PubMed:18660431)


This is 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 372 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Specifically cleaves olefinic bonds in alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls and may be involved in detoxification or modification of these reactive compounds (PubMed:9346960, PubMed:10872231), May be involved in the biosynthesis or metabolism of oxylipin signaling molecules (Probable), In vitro, reduces 9R,13R-12-oxophytodienoic acid (9R,13R-OPDA) to 9R,13R-OPC-8:0, but only poorly 9S,13S-OPDA, the natural precursor of jasmonic acid (PubMed:10872231), Can detoxify the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in vitro and in vivo by catalyzing its nitroreduction to form hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene (HADNT) (PubMed:19605548)

Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family


This is Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 365 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Recognizes and hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin, Involved in the processing of poly-ubiquitin precursors as well as that of ubiquitinated proteins, Required for the correct development of pollen


This is Calcineurin B-like protein 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 226 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as a calcium sensor, CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases, Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner, Binds four calcium ions per subunit, Mediates the activation of AKT1 by CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, and CIPK23) in response to low potassium conditions and in the context of stomatal movement, Mediates the inactivation of the proton pump AHA2 by CIPK11, Probably involved in regulating signaling responses to abscisic acid

Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family


This is Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 280 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)

Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family


This is ADP,ATP carrier protein ER-ANT1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 306 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

ADP:ATP antiporter that catalyzes the exchange of ADP and ATP across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is Two-pore potassium channel 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 363 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Voltage-independent, large conductance and potassium-selective tonoplast ion channel, Regulated by cytoplasmic calcium and pH, Does not mediate slow-vacuolar (SV) ionic currents, but essential to establish VK currents, Has some permeability for Rb(+) and NH(4)(+), but none for Na(+), Cs(+) or Li(+), Involved in intracellular K(+) redistribution and/or K(+) retranslocation between different tissues

Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1,A,1,7) family


This is Protein TIFY 5A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 131 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Repressor of jasmonate responses, Unable to associate strongly with COI1 in the presence of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and is therefore more resistant to JA-mediated-degradation than other TIFY/JAZ proteins, Repress gene expression through direct recruitment of the corepressor TOPLESS to cognate transcription factors (PubMed:19151223, PubMed:22327740), Interacts with and suppresses RHD6 and RSL1 transcription factor activities to negatively regulate jasmonate-stimulated root hair development (PubMed:31988260)


This is Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit 1, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 279 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.


This is Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1B, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 174 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature


This is Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 375 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of trans-2-enoyl thioesters in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (fatty acid synthesis type II), Fatty acid chain elongation in mitochondria uses acyl carrier protein (ACP) as an acyl group carrier, but the enzyme accepts both ACP and CoA thioesters as substrates in vitro

Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family, Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily


This is Type III polyketide synthase B protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 392 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) that catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-CoA units with various CoA ester starter molecules to generate a diverse array of natural products including long-chain alkyl alpha-pyrones, Accepts up to C(20) chain-length fatty acyl CoAs as starter substrates, and carries out sequential condensations with malonyl-CoA to produce triketide and tetraketide alpha-pyrones, potential sporopollenin precursors (PubMed:19043200, PubMed:21193570), Favorite substrates for are midchain- and v-hydroxylated fatty acyl-CoAs (e,g, 12-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-CoA and 16-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-CoA), Required for pollen development and sporopollenin biosynthesis, the major constituent of exine in the outer pollen wall (PubMed:21193570, PubMed:20442277), In vitro, can use 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A as substrate to produce bis-noryangonin and fatty acyl-coenzyme A as substrate to produce medium-chain alkyl pyrones, May play a role in both the synthesis of pollen fatty acids and phenolics found in exine (PubMed:20442277)

Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily, Chalcone/stilbene synthases family


This is Phytochrome A-associated F-box protein protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 336 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, Negative regulator of the phyA signaling pathway that shifts the responsiveness of the phyA signaling system associated with hypocotyl elongation from red to far-red wavelength


This is Lipoyl synthase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 394 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives (PubMed:12062419) (By similarity), Together with LIP2P and LIP2P2 is essential for de novo plastidial protein lipoylation during seed development (PubMed:23581459)

Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily, Lipoyl synthase family


This is Calcineurin B-like protein 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 226 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as a calcium sensor, CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases, Binds calcium ions, Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner, Mediates the activation of AKT1 by CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, and CIPK23) in response to low potassium conditions and in the context of stomatal movement, Negatively regulates the enzyme activity of MTN1 in the presence of calcium


This is Chlorophyll(ide) b reductase NOL, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 348 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Required for chlorophyll b degradation, Chlorophyll b, chlorophyllide b, pheophorbide b and pheophytin b can be used as substrates, Belongs to the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs)


This is Phragmoplastin DRP1C protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 614 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Microtubule-associated force-producing protein that is targeted to the growing edges of the cell plate during cytokinesis, Also plays a major role in plasma membrane maintenance during pollen maturation (PubMed:18344418), Has a GTPase activity (By similarity)

Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily, Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family


This is Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET8 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 239 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane, Required, in pollen, for microspore cell integrity and primexine pattern formation (PubMed:18434608, PubMed:25988582)

Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family


This is Sm-like protein LSM1B protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 128 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which is involved in mRNA degradation by promoting decapping and leading to accurate 5'-3' mRNA decay, LSM1A and LSM1B are essential for the formation of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex which regulates developmental gene expression by the decapping of specific development-related transcripts (PubMed:23221597, PubMed:23620288), Required for P-body formation during heat stress (PubMed:23221597)


This is RNA-binding protein BRN1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 441 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of flowering time, Acts as repressor of the activity of SOC1, a transcriptional activator of flowering time, Binds to the 3'-UTR of SOC1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and participates in SOC1 mRNA decay, mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3'-UTR (PubMed:23437850), Acts as positive regulator of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated immunity, May act on SA signaling-related genes at a post-transcriptional level (PubMed:20636102)


This is Basic blue protein protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 129 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Forms a concentration gradient along the pollen tube growth path, with a lower level in the stigma papilla cell wall and a higher level in the transmitting tract extracellular matix of the style


This is Cullin-4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 792 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the CUL4-RBX1-CDD (COP10-DDB1a-DET1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, Participates in the CDD complex to light-mediated control of development, May repress photomorphogenesis through enhancing COP1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity, Acts together with the CUL4-DDB1-COP1-SPA E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes in the repression of photomorphogenesis and flowering time, Component ot the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-PRL1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of AKIN10, Component of the CUL4-RBX1-DDB1-DWA1/DWA2 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that acts as negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and may target ABI5 for degradation


This is Two pore potassium channel b protein, from Rice, contains 349 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Highly selective inward-rectifying potassium channel that is specifically located in the tonoplast of protein storage vacuoles, Functions independently of the voltage difference across the membrane


This is Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8 homolog B, chloroplastic protein, from Rice, contains 569 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in strigolactones biosynthesis by cleaving the C(27) 9-cis-10'-apo-beta-carotenal produced by CCD7, Produces the C(19) carlactone and a C(8) hydroxyaldehyde, Also shows lower activity with all-trans-10'-apo-beta-carotenal producing a C(9) dialdehyde and the C(18) 13-apo-beta-carotenone, Strigolactones are hormones that inhibit tillering and shoot branching through the MAX-dependent pathway, contribute to the regulation of shoot architectural response to phosphate-limiting conditions and function as rhizosphere signal that stimulates hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and trigger seed germination of root parasitic weeds

Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family


This is Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 7, peroxisomal protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 700 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (Probable), Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate, linoleate and eicosenoate as substrates (PubMed:12177484, PubMed:12366803), Can use myristate and linolenate as substrates (PubMed:12366803), Functions redundantly with LACS6 in lipid mobilization for beta-oxidation during seed germination, which is essential for postgerminative growth and seedling establishment (PubMed:14742880, PubMed:16844736)

Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family


This is Aminodeoxychorismate synthase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 919 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) from chorismate and glutamine, In the first step, a glutamine amidotransferase generates ammonia that is channelled between the binding sites of glutamine and chorismate and used along with chorismate in the second step, catalyzed by aminodeoxychorismate synthase, to produce ADC, Required for the synthesis of 4-aminobenzoate (PABA), an important component in tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis, Does not possess ADC lyase activity

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the anthranilate synthase component I family


This is Protein TIC 100 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 871 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts, May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein-conducting channel at the inner envelope (PubMed:23372012), Plays an important role during embryogenesis and chloroplast biogenesis (PubMed:20738804)


This is Long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 6, peroxisomal protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 701 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (Probable), Preferentially uses palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate, linoleate and eicosenoate as substrates (PubMed:12177484, PubMed:12366803), Can use myristate and linolenate as substrates (PubMed:12366803), May play a regulatory role both in fatty acid import into glyoxysomes and in fatty acid beta-oxidation (PubMed:12481085), Functions redundantly with LACS7 in lipid mobilization for beta-oxidation during seed germination, which is essential for postgerminative growth and seedling establishment (PubMed:14742880, PubMed:16844736)


This is E2F transcription factor-like E2FE protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 403 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inhibitor of E2F-dependent activation of gene expression, Binds specifically the E2 recognition site without interacting with DP proteins and prevents transcription activation by E2F/DP heterodimers, Controls the timing of endocycle onset and inhibits endoreduplication


This is Thiamine-triphosphatase protein, from Bovine, contains 219 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Hydrolase highly specific for thiamine triphosphate (ThTP)


This is Lamin-B receptor protein, from Fruit fly, contains 741 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

Anchors the lamina and the heterochromatin to the inner nuclear membrane


This is Chitinase-like protein Idgf3 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 441 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cooperates with insulin-like peptides to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells, May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family, IDGF subfamily


This is Chitinase-like protein Idgf1 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 439 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 758 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Has metalloproteinase activity (PubMed:11967260), Required for larval tissue histolysis during metamorphosis and is involved in pupal head eversion and fusion of the wing imaginal tissue (PubMed:12530966), Required for growth of the dorsal air sac primordium and development of the dorsal air sacs (PubMed:19751719), Promotes embryonic motor axon fasciculation (PubMed:18045838), Cleaves and activates frac to promote motor axon bundling during outgrowth (PubMed:21471368), Promotes the reshaping of adult sensory neuron dendrites from a radial to lattice-like shape which occurs after eclosion by degrading the basement membrane on which the dendrites grow (PubMed:20412776), Involved in inhibition of follicle stem cell proliferation by cleaving Dlp, inhibiting its interaction with wg and preventing Dlp-mediated spreading of wg to follicle stem cells to enhance their proliferation (PubMed:25267296), Plays a role in wound healing (PubMed:22262460), Involved in fat body dissociation which occurs during metamorphosis by degrading basement membrane components, leading to destruction of cell-basement membrane junctions (PubMed:25520167), Required for posterior follicle cell degradation and ovulation (PubMed:25695427)


This is Citrate synthase, peroxisomal protein, from Social amoeba, contains 492 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Peroxisomal protein involved in the cellular biosynthesis of citrate, and required primarily for cell growth and modulation of multicellular development


This is Guanine nucleotide-binding protein-like 3 homolog protein, from Fruit fly, contains 581 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May play a role in regulating cellular proliferation

Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family


This is Putative calpain-like cysteine protease A protein, from Social amoeba, contains 649 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Mitogen-activated protein kinase pmk-2 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 419 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Responds to activation by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines by phosphorylating downstream targets

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase subfamily


This is Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 176 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Involved in vitamin K metabolism, Can reduce inactive vitamin K 2,3-epoxide to active vitamin K, and may contribute to vitamin K-mediated protection against oxidative stress, Plays a role in vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of Glu residues in target proteins


This is Spindle and centriole-associated protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 855 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulator required for centriole duplication, for proper bipolar spindle formation and chromosome congression in mitosis


This is Centrobin protein, from Human, contains 903 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for centriole duplication, Inhibition of centriole duplication leading to defects in cytokinesis


This is ORM1-like protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 153 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Negative regulator of sphingolipid synthesis, May indirectly regulate endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca(+2) signaling


This is Adenylosuccinate synthetase isozyme 1 protein, from Human, contains 457 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis, Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP

Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family


This is NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 2 protein, from Human, contains 169 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Acts as a molecular chaperone for mitochondrial complex I assembly (PubMed:16200211, PubMed:19384974), Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (PubMed:16200211, PubMed:27626371)

Belongs to the complex I NDUFA12 subunit family


This is F-box/LRR-repeat protein 14 protein, from Human, contains 418 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Substrate-recognition component of some SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, The SCF(FBXL14) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of SNAI1


This is Cap-specific mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase 1 protein, from Human, contains 835 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap1 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs, Methylates the ribose of the first nucleotide of a m(7)GpppG-capped mRNA and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) to produce m(7)GpppRm (cap1), Displays a preference for cap0 transcripts, Cap1 modification is linked to higher levels of translation, May be involved in the interferon response pathway


This is Nesprin-4 protein, from Human, contains 404 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton, The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning (By similarity), Behaves as a kinesin cargo, providing a functional binding site for kinesin-1 at the nuclear envelope, Hence may contribute to the establishment of secretory epithelial morphology by promoting kinesin-dependent apical migration of the centrosome and Golgi apparatus and basal localization of the nucleus (By similarity)


This is Prosalusin protein, from Human, contains 242 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Salusins -alpha and -beta may be endocrine and/or paracrine factors able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and induce cell mitogenesis, Salusins may also be potent hypotensive peptides

Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family, Torsin subfamily


This is Protein SYS1 homolog protein, from Human, contains 156 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Involved in protein trafficking, May serve as a receptor for ARFRP1


This is E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 protein, from Human, contains 510 amino acids, has 1 SP-RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

SP-RING-type

Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor (PubMed:12511558, PubMed:12631292, PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457, PubMed:15976810, PubMed:22508508, PubMed:32832608), Mediates sumoylation of CEBPA, PARK7, HERC2, MYB, TCF4 and RNF168 (PubMed:12511558, PubMed:12631292, PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457, PubMed:15976810, PubMed:22508508), Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53/TP53 pathway, the Wnt pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway (PubMed:11388671), Involved in gene silencing (PubMed:11248056), In Wnt signaling, represses LEF1 and enhances TCF4 transcriptional activities through promoting their sumoylations (PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457), Enhances the sumoylation of MTA1 and may participate in its paralog-selective sumoylation (PubMed:21965678), Binds to AT-rich DNA sequences, known as matrix or scaffold attachment regions (MARs/SARs) (By similarity), Catalyzes conjugation of SUMO2 to KAT5 in response to DNA damage, facilitating repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:32832608), Mediates sumoylation of PARP1 in response to PARP1 trapping to chromatin (PubMed:35013556)


This is Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like protein protein, from Human, contains 351 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a role in regulating cardiac sodium current; decreased enzymatic activity with resulting increased levels of glycerol 3-phosphate activating the DPD1L-dependent SCN5A phosphorylation pathway, may ultimately lead to decreased sodium current; cardiac sodium current may also be reduced due to alterations of NAD(H) balance induced by DPD1L

Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family


This is Bifunctional peptidase and arginyl-hydroxylase JMJD5 protein, from Human, contains 416 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Bifunctional enzyme that acts both as an endopeptidase and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent monooxygenase (PubMed:28847961, PubMed:29459673, PubMed:28982940, PubMed:29563586), Endopeptidase that cleaves histones N-terminal tails at the carboxyl side of methylated arginine or lysine residues, to generate 'tailless nucleosomes', which may trigger transcription elongation (PubMed:28847961, PubMed:29459673, PubMed:28982940), Preferentially recognizes and cleaves monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues of histones H2, H3 and H4, After initial cleavage, continues to digest histones tails via its aminopeptidase activity (PubMed:28847961, PubMed:29459673), Upon DNA damage, cleaves the N-terminal tail of histone H3 at monomethylated lysine residues, preferably at monomethylated 'Lys-9' (H3K9me1), The histone variant H3F3A is the major target for cleavage (PubMed:28982940), Additionnally, acts as Fe(2+) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent monooxygenase, catalyzing (R)-stereospecific hydroxylation at C-3 of 'Arg-137' of RPS6 and 'Arg-141' of RCCD1, but the biological significance of this activity remains to be established (PubMed:29563586), Regulates mitosis through different mechanisms: Plays a role in transcriptional repression of satellite repeats, possibly by regulating H3K36 methylation levels in centromeric regions together with RCCD1, Possibly together with RCCD1, is involved in proper mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation (PubMed:24981860), Negatively regulates cell cycle repressor CDKN1A/p21, which controls G1/S phase transition (PubMed:24740926), Required for G2/M phase cell cycle progression, Regulates expression of CCNA1/cyclin-A1, leading to cancer cell proliferation (PubMed:20457893), Also, plays a role in regulating alpha-tubulin acetylation and cytoskeletal microtubule stability involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (PubMed:28455245), Regulates the circadian gene expression in the liver (By similarity), Represses the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer in a catalytically-independent manner (PubMed:30500822), Negatively regulates the protein stability and function of CRY1; required for AMPK-FBXL3-induced CRY1 degradation (PubMed:30500822)


This is Rho GTPase-activating protein 18 protein, from Human, contains 663 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Rho GTPase activating protein that suppresses F-actin polymerization by inhibiting Rho, Rho GTPase activating proteins act by converting Rho-type GTPases to an inactive GDP-bound state (PubMed:21865595), Plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation, Acts downstream of YAP1 and inhibits actin polymerization, which in turn reduces nuclear localization of YAP1 (PubMed:25778702), Regulates cell shape, spreading, and migration (PubMed:21865595)


This is Protein phosphatase 1K, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 372 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and is essential for cellular survival and development


This is Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferase LARGE2 protein, from Human, contains 721 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Bifunctional glycosyltransferase with both alpha-1,3-xylosyltransferase and beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase activities involved in the maturation of alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1) by glycosylation leading to DAG1 binding to laminin G-like domain-containing extracellular proteins with high affinity and in a phosphorylated-O-mannosyl trisaccharide dependent manner (PubMed:15661757, PubMed:15752776, PubMed:25138275), Elongates the glucuronyl-beta-1,4-xylose-beta disaccharide primer structure by adding repeating units [-3-Xylose-alpha-1,3-GlcA-beta-1-] to produce a heteropolysaccharide (By similarity), Supports the maturation of DAG1 more effectively than LARGE1 (PubMed:15752776), In addition, can modify both heparan sulfate (HS)- and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS)-proteoglycans (PGs), namely GPC4, with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-like polysaccharide composed of xylose and glucuronic acid to confer laminin binding (By similarity)

In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family


This is Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 7 protein, from Human, contains 543 amino acids, has 4 CCHC-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

CCHC-type

CCHC-type

CCHC-type

CCHC-type


This is Ferritin, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 242 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the oxidation of ferrous iron(II) to ferric iron(III) and stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form (PubMed:11323407, PubMed:15201052), Important for iron homeostasis (PubMed:11323407, PubMed:15201052), Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation (PubMed:11323407, PubMed:15201052)


This is Mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly protein 40 protein, from Human, contains 142 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Central component of a redox-sensitive mitochondrial intermembrane space import machinery which is required for the biogenesis of respiratory chain complexes (PubMed:26004228), Functions as chaperone and catalyzes the formation of disulfide bonds in substrate proteins, such as COX17, COX19, MICU1 and COA7 (PubMed:16185709, PubMed:26387864, PubMed:19182799, PubMed:21059946, PubMed:23186364, PubMed:23676665, PubMed:30885959), Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins (small Tim) in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), Required for the import of COA7 in the IMS (PubMed:30885959), Precursor proteins to be imported into the IMS are translocated in their reduced form into the mitochondria, The oxidized form of CHCHD4/MIA40 forms a transient intermolecular disulfide bridge with the reduced precursor protein, resulting in oxidation of the precursor protein that now contains an intramolecular disulfide bond and is able to undergo folding in the IMS (PubMed:16185709, PubMed:19182799, PubMed:21059946, PubMed:23676665), Reduced CHCHD4/MIA40 is then reoxidized by GFER/ERV1 via a disulfide relay system (PubMed:23186364), Mediates formation of disulfide bond in MICU1 in the IMS, promoting formation of the MICU1-MICU2 heterodimer that regulates mitochondrial calcium uptake (PubMed:26387864)


This is 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase protein, from Human, contains 237 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the heterotetramer complex KAR (3-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] reductase or 3-ketoacyl-[ACP] reductase) that forms part of the mitochondrial fatty acid synthase (mtFAS), Beta-subunit of the KAR heterotetramer complex, responsible for the 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase activity of the mtFAS, reduces 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] to (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] in a NADPH-dependent manner with no chain length preference, thereby participating in mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis (PubMed:25203508), The homotetramer has NADPH-dependent quinone reductase activity (in vitro), hence could play a role in protection against cytotoxicity of exogenous quinones (PubMed:19000905), As a heterotetramer, it can also reduce 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1,4-benzoquinone and various other o-quinones and p-quinones (in vitro) (PubMed:19000905, PubMed:19571038, PubMed:25203508)

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


This is Zinc finger CCCH-type with G patch domain-containing protein protein, from Human, contains 531 amino acids, has 1 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Antagonizes the transcription repression by isoform 1 by competing for the binding of the NuRD complex, Does not bind DNA


This is NF-kappa-B-activating protein protein, from Human, contains 415 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as a transcriptional repressor (PubMed:14550261, PubMed:19409814, PubMed:31587868), Plays a role as a transcriptional corepressor of the Notch-mediated signaling required for T-cell development (PubMed:19409814), Also involved in the TNF and IL-1 induced NF-kappa-B activation, Associates with chromatin at the Notch-regulated SKP2 promoter


This is Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 8 protein, from Human, contains 291 amino acids, has 3 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as a transcriptional repressor of the GATA3 promoter, Sequence-specific DNA-binding factor that binds to the 5'-AGGTCTC-3' sequence within the negative cis-acting element intronic regulatory region (IRR) of the GATA3 gene (By similarity), Component of the little elongation complex (LEC), a complex required to regulate small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase II and III (PubMed:23932780), Induces thymocyte apoptosis when overexpressed, which may indicate a role in regulation of thymocyte homeostasis


This is Inactive dipeptidyl peptidase 10 protein, from Human, contains 796 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Promotes cell surface expression of the potassium channel KCND2 (PubMed:15454437), Modulates the activity and gating characteristics of the potassium channel KCND2 (PubMed:15454437), Has no dipeptidyl aminopeptidase activity (PubMed:12662155)

Belongs to the peptidase S9B family, DPPIV subfamily


This is COMM domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 190 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Proposed scaffold protein that is implicated in diverse physiological processes and whose function may be in part linked to its ability to regulate ubiquitination of specific cellular proteins, Can modulate activity of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes by displacing CAND1; in vitro promotes CRL E3 activity and dissociates CAND1 from CUL1 and CUL2 (PubMed:21778237), Promotes ubiquitination of NF-kappa-B subunit RELA and its subsequent proteasomal degradation, Down-regulates NF-kappa-B activity (PubMed:15799966, PubMed:17183367, PubMed:20048074), Involved in the regulation of membrane expression and ubiquitination of SLC12A2 (PubMed:23515529), Modulates Na(+) transport in epithelial cells by regulation of apical cell surface expression of amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (ENaC) subunits and by promoting their ubiquitination presumably involving NEDD4L, Promotes the localization of SCNN1D to recycling endosomes (PubMed:14645214, PubMed:20237237, PubMed:21741370), Promotes CFTR cell surface expression through regulation of its ubiquitination (PubMed:21483833), Down-regulates SOD1 activity by interfering with its homodimerization (PubMed:20595380), Plays a role in copper ion homeostasis, Involved in copper-dependent ATP7A trafficking between the trans-Golgi network and vesicles in the cell periphery; the function is proposed to depend on its association within the CCC complex and cooperation with the WASH complex on early endosomes (PubMed:25355947), Can bind one copper ion per monomer (PubMed:17309234), May function to facilitate biliary copper excretion within hepatocytes, Binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) (PubMed:18940794), Involved in the regulation of HIF1A-mediated transcription; competes with ARNT/Hif-1-beta for binding to HIF1A resulting in decreased DNA binding and impaired transcriptional activation by HIF-1 (PubMed:20458141), Negatively regulates neuroblastoma G1/S phase cell cycle progression and cell proliferation by stimulating ubiquitination of NF-kappa-B subunit RELA and NF-kappa-B degradation in a FAM107A- and actin-dependent manner (PubMed:28604741)


This is DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 238 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Lysosomal modulator of autophagy that plays a central role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, Not involved in p73/TP73-mediated autophagy


This is EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2 protein, from Human, contains 236 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Interacts with EP300 and acts as a repressor of MYOD-dependent transcription and muscle differentiation, Inhibits EP300 histone acetyltransferase activity, Acts as a repressor of TGFB/SMAD transcriptional responses, May act as a repressor of the TGFB/SMAD3-dependent signaling by selectively blocking formation of TGFB-induced SMAD3-SMAD4 complex


This is Keratinocyte-associated protein 2 protein, from Human, contains 136 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation, N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity (PubMed:22467853), May be involved in N-glycosylation of APP (amyloid-beta precursor protein), Can modulate gamma-secretase cleavage of APP by enhancing endoprotelysis of PSEN1 (PubMed:21768116)


This is Acyl-coenzyme A diphosphatase FITM2 protein, from Human, contains 262 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Fatty acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) diphosphatase that hydrolyzes fatty acyl-CoA to yield acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PubMed:32915949) (By similarity), Preferentially hydrolyzes unsaturated long-chain acyl-CoA substrates such as oleoyl-CoA/(9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA and arachidonoyl-CoA/(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen (PubMed:32915949) (By similarity), This catalytic activity is required for maintaining ER structure and for lipid droplets (LDs) biogenesis, which are lipid storage organelles involved in maintaining lipid and energy homeostasis (PubMed:18160536, PubMed:32915949) (By similarity), Directly binds to diacylglycerol (DAGs) and triacylglycerol, which is also important for LD biogenesis (By similarity), May support directional budding of nacent LDs from the ER into the cytosol by reducing DAG levels at sites of LD formation (By similarity), Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (PubMed:21834987) (By similarity)

Belongs to the FIT family, FIT2 subfamily


This is CD177 antigen protein, from Human, contains 437 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

In association with beta-2 integrin heterodimer ITGAM/CD11b and ITGB2/CD18, mediates activation of TNF-alpha primed neutrophils including degranulation and superoxide production (PubMed:21193407), In addition, by preventing beta-2 integrin internalization and attenuating chemokine signaling favors adhesion over migration (PubMed:28807980), Heterophilic interaction with PECAM1 on endothelial cells plays a role in neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro (PubMed:17580308), However, appears to be dispensable for neutrophil recruitment caused by bacterial infection in vivo (PubMed:23461681), Acts as a receptor for the mature form of protease PRTN3 allowing its display at the cell surface of neutrophils (PubMed:17244676, PubMed:18462208), By displaying PRTN3 at the neutrophil cell surface, may play a role in enhancing endothelial cell junctional integrity and thus vascular integrity during neutrophil diapedesis (PubMed:23202369)


This is NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-6 protein, from Human, contains 355 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that plays an essential role in DNA damage repair, telomere maintenance, metabolic homeostasis, inflammation, tumorigenesis and aging (PubMed:18337721, PubMed:19135889, PubMed:19625767, PubMed:21680843, PubMed:23217706, PubMed:23653361, PubMed:24052263, PubMed:27322069, PubMed:27180906, PubMed:21362626, PubMed:23552949, PubMed:30374165, PubMed:29555651), Displays protein-lysine deacetylase or defatty-acylase (demyristoylase and depalmitoylase) activity, depending on the context (PubMed:24052263, PubMed:27322069, PubMed:23552949), Acts as a key histone deacetylase by catalyzing deacetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-9', 'Lys-18' and 'Lys-56' (H3K9ac, H3K18ac and H3K56ac, respectively), suppressing target gene expression of several transcription factors, including NF-kappa-B (PubMed:19625767, PubMed:24012758, PubMed:23892288, PubMed:23911928, PubMed:27043296, PubMed:26898756, PubMed:27180906, PubMed:33067423, PubMed:21362626, PubMed:30374165, PubMed:26456828), Acts as an inhibitor of transcription elongation by mediating deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K56ac, preventing release of NELFE from chromatin and causing transcriptional pausing (By similarity), Involved in DNA repair by promoting double-strand break (DSB) repair: acts as a DSB sensor by recognizing and binding DSB sites, leading to (1) recruitment of DNA repair proteins, such as SMARCA5/SNF2H, and (2) deacetylation of histone H3K9ac and H3K56ac (PubMed:23911928, PubMed:31995034, PubMed:32538779), SIRT6 participation to DSB repair is probably involved in extension of life span (By similarity), Also promotes DNA repair by deacetylating non-histone proteins, such as DDB2 and p53/TP53 (PubMed:32789493, PubMed:29474172), Specifically deacetylates H3K18ac at pericentric heterochromatin, thereby maintaining pericentric heterochromatin silencing at centromeres and protecting against genomic instability and cellular senescence (PubMed:27043296), Involved in telomere maintenance by catalyzing deacetylation of histone H3 in telomeric chromatin, regulating telomere position effect and telomere movement in response to DNA damage (PubMed:18337721, PubMed:19625767, PubMed:21847107), Required for embryonic stem cell differentiation by mediating histone deacetylation of H3K9ac (PubMed:25915124, PubMed:29555651), Plays a major role in metabolism by regulating processes such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion and lipid metabolism (PubMed:24012758, PubMed:26787900), Inhibits glycolysis via histone deacetylase activity and by acting as a corepressor of the transcription factor HIF1A, thereby controlling the expression of multiple glycolytic genes (By similarity), Has tumor suppressor activity by repressing glycolysis, thereby inhibiting the Warburg effect (PubMed:23217706), Also regulates glycolysis and tumorigenesis by mediating deacetylation and nuclear export of non-histone proteins, such as isoform M2 of PKM (PKM2) (PubMed:26787900), Acts as a negative regulator of gluconeogenesis by mediating deacetylation of non-histone proteins, such as FOXO1 and KAT2A/GCN5 (PubMed:23142079, PubMed:25009184), Promotes beta-oxidation of fatty acids during fasting by catalyzing deacetylation of NCOA2, inducing coactivation of PPARA (By similarity), Acts as a regulator of lipid catabolism in brown adipocytes, both by catalyzing deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins, such as FOXO1 (By similarity), Also acts as a regulator of circadian rhythms, both by regulating expression of clock-controlled genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and by catalyzing deacetylation of PER2 (By similarity), The defatty-acylase activity is specifically involved in regulation of protein secretion (PubMed:24052263, PubMed:23552949, PubMed:27322069, PubMed:28406396), Has high activity toward long-chain fatty acyl groups and mediates protein-lysine demyristoylation and depalmitoylation of target proteins, such as RRAS2 and TNF, thereby regulating their secretion (PubMed:23552949, PubMed:28406396), Also acts as a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase by mediating mono-ADP-ribosylation of PARP1, TRIM28/KAP1 or SMARCC2/BAF170 (PubMed:21680843, PubMed:22753495, PubMed:27568560, PubMed:27322069), Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is involved in DNA repair, cellular senescence, repression of LINE-1 retrotransposon elements and regulation of transcription (PubMed:21680843, PubMed:22753495, PubMed:27568560)

Belongs to the sirtuin family, Class IV subfamily


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBLL2 protein, from Human, contains 425 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2H2-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing the covalent attachment of ubiquitin moieties onto substrate proteins (PubMed:20657603), May operate on tyrosine-phosphorylated SRC substrates (PubMed:22252131)


This is Protein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis protein, from Human, contains 584 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Probable redox-inactive chaperone involved in spermatogenesis

Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family


This is Uncharacterized protein C7orf31 protein, from Human, contains 590 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase protein, from Human, contains 522 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity (PubMed:23258413, PubMed:24077100, PubMed:25131990, PubMed:23707061, PubMed:23722159, PubMed:29976794, PubMed:30799039, PubMed:21478870, PubMed:23707065, PubMed:24116191, PubMed:24462292, PubMed:32814054, PubMed:33273464, PubMed:26300263, PubMed:33542149, PubMed:31142647), Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p] (PubMed:28214358, PubMed:28363908), Acts as a key DNA sensor: directly binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), inducing the formation of liquid-like droplets in which CGAS is activated, leading to synthesis of 2',3'-cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates STING1, thereby triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:28314590, PubMed:28363908, PubMed:29976794, PubMed:33230297, PubMed:32817552, PubMed:33606975, PubMed:35438208, PubMed:35460603, PubMed:35322803, PubMed:35503863), Preferentially recognizes and binds curved long dsDNAs of a minimal length of 40 bp (PubMed:30007416), Acts as a key foreign DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses (PubMed:28363908), Has antiviral activity by sensing the presence of dsDNA from DNA viruses in the cytoplasm (PubMed:28363908), Also acts as an innate immune sensor of infection by retroviruses, such as HIV-2, by detecting the presence of reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol (PubMed:23929945, PubMed:24269171, PubMed:30270045, PubMed:32852081), In contrast, HIV-1 is poorly sensed by CGAS, due to its capsid that cloaks viral DNA from CGAS detection (PubMed:24269171, PubMed:30270045, PubMed:32852081), Detection of retroviral reverse-transcribed DNA in the cytosol may be indirect and be mediated via interaction with PQBP1, which directly binds reverse-transcribed retroviral DNA (PubMed:26046437), Also detects the presence of DNA from bacteria, such as M,tuberculosis (PubMed:26048138), 2',3'-cGAMP can be transferred from producing cells to neighboring cells through gap junctions, leading to promote STING1 activation and convey immune response to connecting cells (PubMed:24077100), 2',3'-cGAMP can also be transferred between cells by virtue of packaging within viral particles contributing to IFN-induction in newly infected cells in a cGAS-independent but STING1-dependent manner (PubMed:26229115), Also senses the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are translocated to the cytosol following phagocytosis, leading to synthesis of 2',3'-cGAMP (PubMed:33688080), In addition to foreign DNA, can also be activated by endogenous nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (PubMed:31299200, PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889, PubMed:33230297, PubMed:33031745), When self-DNA leaks into the cytosol during cellular stress (such as mitochondrial stress, SARS-CoV-2 infection causing severe COVID-19 disease, DNA damage, mitotic arrest or senescence), or is present in form of cytosolic micronuclei, CGAS is activated leading to a state of sterile inflammation (PubMed:31299200, PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889, PubMed:33230297, PubMed:33031745, PubMed:35045565), Acts as a regulator of cellular senescence by binding to cytosolic chromatin fragments that are present in senescent cells, leading to trigger type-I interferon production via STING1 and promote cellular senescence (By similarity), Also involved in the inflammatory response to genome instability and double-stranded DNA breaks: acts by localizing to micronuclei arising from genome instability (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889), Micronuclei, which are frequently found in cancer cells, consist of chromatin surrounded by their own nuclear membrane: following breakdown of the micronuclear envelope, a process associated with chromothripsis, CGAS binds self-DNA exposed to the cytosol, leading to 2',3'-cGAMP synthesis and subsequent activation of STING1 and type-I interferon production (PubMed:28738408, PubMed:28759889), Activated in response to prolonged mitotic arrest, promoting mitotic cell death (PubMed:31299200), In a healthy cell, CGAS is however kept inactive even in cellular events that directly expose it to self-DNA, such as mitosis, when cGAS associates with chromatin directly after nuclear envelope breakdown or remains in the form of postmitotic persistent nuclear cGAS pools bound to chromatin (PubMed:31299200, PubMed:33542149), Nuclear CGAS is inactivated by chromatin via direct interaction with nucleosomes, which block CGAS from DNA binding and thus prevent CGAS-induced autoimmunity (PubMed:31299200, PubMed:33542149, PubMed:33051594, PubMed:32911482, PubMed:32912999), Also acts as a suppressor of DNA repair in response to DNA damage: inhibits homologous recombination repair by interacting with PARP1, the CGAS-PARP1 interaction leading to impede the formation of the PARP1-TIMELESS complex (PubMed:30356214, PubMed:31544964), In addition to DNA, also sense translation stress: in response to translation stress, translocates to the cytosol and associates with collided ribosomes, promoting its activation and triggering type-I interferon production (PubMed:34111399), In contrast to other mammals, human CGAS displays species-specific mechanisms of DNA recognition and produces less 2',3'-cGAMP, allowing a more fine-tuned response to pathogens (PubMed:30007416)


This is Zinc finger protein 366 protein, from Human, contains 744 amino acids, has 11 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Has transcriptional repression activity, Acts as corepressor of ESR1; the function seems to involve CTBP1 and histone deacetylases


This is Zinc finger protein 513 protein, from Human, contains 541 amino acids, has 8 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in retinal development and maintenance

Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family


This is Mitochondrial basic amino acids transporter protein, from Human, contains 303 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial transporter of arginine, lysine, homoarginine, methylarginine and, to a much lesser extent, ornithine and histidine (PubMed:19287344, PubMed:24652292), Does not transport carnitine nor acylcarnitines (PubMed:24652292), Functions by both counter-exchange and uniport mechanisms (PubMed:24652292), Plays a physiolocical role in the import of basic amino acids into mitochondria for mitochondrial protein synthesis and amino acid degradation (PubMed:19287344, PubMed:24652292)

Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2,A,29) family


This is ARL14 effector protein protein, from Human, contains 260 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Through its interaction with ARL14 and MYO1E, may connect MHC class II-containing cytoplasmic vesicles to the actin network and hence controls the movement of these vesicles along the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic cells


This is BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein protein, from Human, contains 685 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) function, it may regulate BMP responsiveness of osteoblasts and chondrocytes


This is Omega-hydroxyceramide transacylase protein, from Human, contains 532 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Omega-hydroxyceramide transacylase involved in the synthesis of omega-O-acylceramides (esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine; EOS), which are extremely hydrophobic lipids involved in skin barrier formation (PubMed:27751867, PubMed:28248318), Catalyzes the last step of the synthesis of omega-O-acylceramides by transferring linoleic acid from triglycerides to an omega-hydroxyceramide (PubMed:27751867, PubMed:28248318), Omega-O-acylceramides, are required for the biogenesis of lipid lamellae in the stratum corneum and the formation of the cornified lipid envelope which are essential for the epidermis barrier function (PubMed:22246504, PubMed:27751867, PubMed:28248318), These lipids also play a role in keratinocyte differentiation (By similarity), May also act on omega-hydroxylated ultra-long chain fatty acids (omega-OH ULCFA) and acylglucosylceramides (GlcEOS) (By similarity)