This is Dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A protein, from Human, contains 933 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP (PubMed:10725373, PubMed:10906126, PubMed:11050148, PubMed:16330539), Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP to 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, respectively (PubMed:10725373, PubMed:10906126, PubMed:11050148)

Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family


This is Magnesium transporter MRS2 homolog, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 443 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Magnesium transporter that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix (PubMed:11401429, PubMed:18384665), Required for normal expression of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I subunits (PubMed:18384665)

Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1,A,35) family


This is Monothiol glutaredoxin-5, mitochondrial protein, from Fission yeast, contains 146 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Monothiol glutaredoxin involved in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster transfer (PubMed:20085751, PubMed:23615440), Receives 2Fe/2S clusters from scaffold protein isu1 and mediates their transfer to apoproteins, to the 4Fe/FS cluster biosynthesis machinery, or export from mitochondrion (PubMed:20085751, PubMed:23615440)

Belongs to the glutaredoxin family, Monothiol subfamily


This is Feruloyl esterase B protein, from Fruitlet core rot fungus, contains 353 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Involved in degradation of plant cell walls, Hydrolyzes the feruloyl-arabinose ester bond in arabinoxylans, and the feruloyl-galactose and feruloyl-arabinose ester bonds in pectin, Binds strongly to cellulose

Belongs to the carbohydrate esterase 1 (CE1) family, Feruloyl esterase type B subfamily


This is Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase C protein, from Fruitlet core rot fungus, contains 223 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 11 (cellulase G) family


This is Homologous-pairing protein 2 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 216 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for proper homologous pairing and efficient cross-over and intragenic recombination during meiosis, Acts indirectly in a process facilitating homologous recombination, Acts during mid- to late-horse-tail period


This is Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 294 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Downstream effector of Notch signaling, Transcriptional repressor which binds preferentially to the canonical E box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3', Acts as a suppressor of neurogenesis by antagonizing proneural gene function, Functions during floorplate development, Plays a role in pronephros formation in the inhibition of distal tubule and duct cell fates and the promotion of glomus and proximal tubule formation


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase siah2 protein, from African clawed frog, contains 313 amino acids, has 1 RING-type Zinc finger, has 1 SIAH-type Zinc finger, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RING-type

SIAH-type

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates, Involved in eye morphogenesis, probably triggers the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of different substrates (PubMed:11335112), May play a role in the regulation of the cellular clock function (By similarity)

Belongs to the SINA (Seven in absentia) family


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 protein, from Chicken, contains 798 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Phosphorylates IRS1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes, potentially modulating the efficiency of insulin signal transduction, Inhibits CREB activity by phosphorylating and repressing the CREB-specific coactivators, CRTC1-3 (By similarity)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family, SNF1 subfamily


This is Neutral ceramidase protein, from Mouse, contains 756 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Plasma membrane ceramidase that hydrolyzes sphingolipid ceramides into sphingosine and free fatty acids at neutral pH (PubMed:10753931, PubMed:10652340, PubMed:16380386), Ceramides, sphingosine, and its phosphorylated form sphingosine-1-phosphate are bioactive lipids that mediate cellular signaling pathways regulating several biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation (PubMed:14557071), Also catalyzes the reverse reaction allowing the synthesis of ceramides from fatty acids and sphingosine (PubMed:10652340, PubMed:21613224), Together with sphingomyelinase, participates in the production of sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate from the degradation of sphingomyelin, a sphingolipid enriched in the plasma membrane of cells (PubMed:16126722), Also participates in the hydrolysis of ceramides from the extracellular milieu allowing the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate inside and outside cells (PubMed:16126722), This is the case for instance with the digestion of dietary sphingolipids in the intestinal tract (PubMed:16380386)

Belongs to the neutral ceramidase family


This is Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 2 protein, from Rat, contains 504 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Symporter that cotransports neutral amino acids and sodium ions from the extraccellular to the intracellular side of the cell membrane (PubMed:10747860, PubMed:10811809, PubMed:10859363, PubMed:11716780, PubMed:12054432, PubMed:11756489, PubMed:16629640, PubMed:27355203, PubMed:18832333, PubMed:18319257, PubMed:19589777, PubMed:18330498, PubMed:21158741), The trasnport is pH-sensitive, Li(+)-intolerant, electrogenic, driven by the Na(+) electrochemical gradient and cotransports of neutral amino acids and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1 (PubMed:10747860, PubMed:10811809, PubMed:10859363, PubMed:11716780, PubMed:12054432, PubMed:11756489, PubMed:16629640, PubMed:18319257, PubMed:19589777, PubMed:21158741), May function in the transport of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier (PubMed:12021389), May function in the transport of amino acids in the supply of maternal nutrients to the fetus through the placenta (By similarity), Maintains a key metabolic glutamine/glutamate balance underpinning retrograde signaling by dendritic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (PubMed:18832333), Transports L-proline in differentiating osteoblasts for the efficient synthesis of proline-enriched proteins and provides proline essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation during bone development (By similarity)

Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family


This is Lymphocyte antigen 96 protein, from Mouse, contains 160 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:22532668), Cooperates with TLR4 in the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and with TLR2 in the response to cell wall components from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Enhances TLR4-dependent activation of NF-kappa-B, Cells expressing both LY96 and TLR4, but not TLR4 alone, respond to LPS (PubMed:10725698)


This is Glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein protein, from Mouse, contains 404 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Required to protect lysosomal transporter MFSD1 from lysosomal proteolysis and for MFSD1 lysosomal localization


This is Linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 203 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Involved in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells, May also be involved in BCR (B-cell antigen receptor)-mediated signaling in B-cells and FCGR1 (high affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I)-mediated signaling in myeloid cells, Couples activation of these receptors and their associated kinases with distal intracellular events through the recruitment of GRB2


This is Protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 502 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to a serine residue within the consensus sequence peptide C-X-N-T-X-G-S-F-X-C, Can also catalyze the transfer of xylose from UDP-xylose but less efficiently, Specifically targets extracellular EGF repeats of proteins such as NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FBN1, FBN2 and LTBP1, May regulate the transport of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 to the plasma membrane and thereby the Notch signaling pathway


This is Leucine zipper transcription factor-like protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 299 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulates ciliary localization of the BBSome complex, Together with the BBSome complex, controls SMO ciliary trafficking and contributes to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulation, May play a role in neurite outgrowth, May have tumor suppressor function


This is Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 2 protein, from Mouse, contains 270 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Down-regulates transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors, such as NR1F2


This is Hypoxia-inducible factor 3-alpha protein, from Rat, contains 662 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as a transcriptional regulator in adaptive response to low oxygen tension, Attenuates the ability of transcription factor HIF1A, EPAS1 and the HIF1A-ARNT complex to bind to hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE) located within the enhancer/promoter of hypoxia-inducible target genes and hence inhibits HRE-driven transcriptional activation, Functions as an inhibitor of angiogenesis in hypoxic cells of the cornea, Plays a role in the development of the cardiorespiratory system, May also be involved in apoptosis, May act as a tumor suppressor


This is ATP-dependent Clp protease ATP-binding subunit clpX-like, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 634 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease complex, Hydrolyzes ATP, Targets specific substrates for degradation by the Clp complex, Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of CLPP, Enhances the DNA-binding activity of TFAM and is required for maintaining a normal mitochondrial nucleoid structure (PubMed:10347188), ATP-dependent unfoldase that stimulates the incorporation of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor into 5-aminolevulinate synthase, thereby activating 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) synthesis, the first step in heme biosynthesis, Important for efficient erythropoiesis through up-regulation of heme biosynthesis (By similarity)


This is Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 protein, from Rat, contains 504 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Symporter that cotransports specific neutral amino acids and sodium ions, coupled to an H(+) antiporter activity (PubMed:10619430, PubMed:16249471, PubMed:17148440, PubMed:19596860, PubMed:28272791, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:11850497, PubMed:21525297, PubMed:11742981, PubMed:10823827), Mainly participates in the glutamate-GABA-glutamine cycle in brain where it transports L-glutamine from astrocytes in the intercellular space for the replenishment of both neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons (PubMed:10619430, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:28272791), Also functions as the major influx transporter in ganglion cells mediating the uptake of glutamine (By similarity), The transport activity is specific for L-glutamine, L-histidine and L-asparagine (PubMed:10619430, PubMed:16249471, PubMed:17148440, PubMed:19596860, PubMed:28272791, PubMed:29561757, PubMed:11850497, PubMed:21525297, PubMed:11742981, PubMed:10823827), The transport is electroneutral coupled to the cotransport of 1 Na(+) and the antiport of 1 H(+), pH dependent, saturable, Li(+) tolerant and functions in both direction depending on the concentration gradients of its substrates and cotransported ions (PubMed:10619430, PubMed:16249471, PubMed:17148440, PubMed:19596860, PubMed:28272791, PubMed:11850497, PubMed:11742981, PubMed:10823827, PubMed:17909850), Also mediates an amino acid-gated H(+) conductance that is not stoichiometrically coupled to the amino acid transport but which influences the ionic gradients that drive the amino acid transport (PubMed:11742981), In addition, may play a role in nitrogen metabolism, amino acid homeostasis, glucose metabolism and renal ammoniagenesis (By similarity)


This is Something about silencing protein 10 protein, from Mouse, contains 469 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential for gene silencing: has a role in the structure of silenced chromatin, Plays a role in the developing brain, Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit, During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome (By similarity)


This is Retinoic acid early-inducible protein 1-delta protein, from Mouse, contains 249 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase protein, from Mouse, contains 651 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Specifically deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated degradation, Cleaves the beta-aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting Asn to Asp, Prefers proteins containing high-mannose over those bearing complex type oligosaccharides, Can recognize misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum that are exported to the cytosol to be destroyed and deglycosylate them, while it has no activity toward native proteins, Deglycosylation is a prerequisite for subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of some, but not all, misfolded glycoproteins

Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily, PNGase family


This is Alpha-actinin-2 protein, from Mouse, contains 894 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures, This is a bundling protein (By similarity)


This is Ran guanine nucleotide release factor protein, from Mouse, contains 185 amino acids, locates in Cytoplasm.

May regulate the intracellular trafficking of RAN (PubMed:10811801, PubMed:11733047), Promotes guanine nucleotide release from RAN and inhibits binding of new GTP by preventing the binding of the RAN guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1 (PubMed:10811801, PubMed:11733047), Regulates the levels of GTP-bound RAN in the nucleus, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of RAN-dependent mitotic spindle dynamics (By similarity), Enhances the expression of SCN5A at the cell membrane in cardiomyocytes (PubMed:18184654, PubMed:23420830)


This is Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase protein, from Guinea pig, contains 302 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Participates in chain elongation of fatty acids, Catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoAs of varying chain lengths from 6:1 to 16:1, having maximum activity with 10:1 CoA, Has no 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity

Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


This is Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3 protein, from Mouse, contains 519 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

A scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins and regulatory components, regulating their surface expression in epithelial cells apical domains, May be involved in the coordination of a diverse range of regulatory processes for ion transport and second messenger cascades, In complex with NHERF1, may cluster proteins that are functionally dependent in a mutual fashion and modulate the trafficking and the activity of the associated membrane proteins, May play a role in the cellular mechanisms associated with multidrug resistance through its interaction with ABCC2 and PDZK1IP1, May potentiate the CFTR chloride channel activity (By similarity), Required for normal cell-surface expression of SCARB1, Plays a role in maintaining normal plasma cholesterol levels via its effects on SCARB1, Plays a role in the normal localization and function of the chloride-anion exchanger SLC26A6 to the plasma membrane in the brush border of the proximal tubule of the kidney, May be involved in the regulation of proximal tubular Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransport therefore playing an important role in tubule function


This is Dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 protein, from Rat, contains 339 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Dual specificity phosphatase; can dephosphorylate both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues, Can dephosphorylate glucokinase (in vitro), Has phosphatase activity with the synthetic substrate 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate and other in vitro substrates

Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, Non-receptor class dual specificity subfamily


This is Diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein protein, from Mouse, contains 237 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Promotes apoptosis by activating caspases in the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway, Acts by opposing the inhibitory activity of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP), Inhibits the activity of BIRC6/bruce by inhibiting its binding to caspases (By similarity)


This is Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase protein, from Mouse, contains 511 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Phosphorylates the splicing regulator TIA1, thereby promoting the inclusion of FAS exon 6, which leads to an mRNA encoding a pro-apoptotic form of the receptor (By similarity), Required for the biogenesis of some mitochondrial-encoded mRNAs, specifically stabilizes ND6 (NADH dehydrogenase complex subunit 6) mRNA, and regulates its levels

Belongs to the FAST protein kinase family


This is Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 631 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Plays a role in the microtubule-dependent coupling of the nucleus and the centrosome, Involved in the processes that regulate centrosome-mediated interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) of neural progenitors (PubMed:17920017), Acts as component of the TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridge, The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension (By similarity), May be involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation, May have a role in embryonic development


This is Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 8 protein, from Mouse, contains 305 amino acids, has 3 C3H1-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the little elongation complex (LEC), a complex required to regulate small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase II and III, Acts as a transcriptional repressor of the GATA3 promoter, Induces thymocyte apoptosis when overexpressed, which may indicate a role in regulation of thymocyte homeostasis (By similarity), Sequence-specific DNA-binding factor that binds to the 5'-AGGTCTC-3' sequence within the negative cis-acting element intronic regulatory region (IRR) of the GATA3 gene


This is Ribosomal oxygenase 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 603 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase (PubMed:19927124), Specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code (PubMed:19927124), Preferentially demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) and monomethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me1) residues, while it has weaker activity for dimethylated H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me2) (PubMed:19927124), Acts as a regulator of osteoblast differentiation via its interaction with SP7/OSX by demethylating H3K4me and H3K36me, thereby inhibiting SP7/OSX-mediated promoter activation (PubMed:19927124), Also catalyzes demethylation of non-histone proteins, such as CGAS: demethylation of monomethylated CGAS promotes interaction between CGAS and PARP1, followed by PARP1 inactivation (PubMed:35210392), Also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L8 on 'His-216', thereby playing a role in ribosome biogenesis (By similarity), Participates in MYC-induced transcriptional activation (By similarity)

Belongs to the ROX family, NO66 subfamily


This is Nitric oxide-associated protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 693 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and respiration, Plays a role in mitochondria-mediated cell death, May act as a scaffolding protein or stabilizer of respiratory chain supercomplexes, Binds GTP

Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family, NOA1 subfamily


This is Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase porcupine protein, from Mouse, contains 461 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Protein-serine O-palmitoleoyltransferase that acts as a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the attachment of palmitoleate, a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1(9Z)), to Wnt proteins, Serine palmitoleoylation of WNT proteins is required for efficient binding to frizzled receptors

Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family, Porcupine subfamily


This is Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit protein, from Mouse, contains 327 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit (By similarity), Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs), including GRIA1 and GRIA4, Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization and by mediating their resensitization (PubMed:17880894)

Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family, CACNG subfamily


This is High affinity copper uptake protein 1 protein, from Rat, contains 187 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mobilizes copper(1+) out of the endosomal compartment, making copper(1+) available for export out of the cells

Belongs to the copper transporter (Ctr) (TC 1,A,56) family, SLC31A subfamily


This is [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 407 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2 (PubMed:22360721), This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate, Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism, Mediates cellular responses to insulin, Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and in metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability, Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation, Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and in resistance to apoptosis under oxidative stress, Plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis

Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family


This is Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 protein, from Rat, contains 910 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions, Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih), May mediate responses to sour stimuli

Belongs to the potassium channel HCN family


This is Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3 protein, from Mouse, contains 230 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that controls levels of cellular ubiquitin through processing of ubiquitin precursors and ubiquitinated proteins, Thiol protease that recognizes and hydrolyzes a peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of either ubiquitin or NEDD8, Has a 10-fold preference for Arg and Lys at position P3'', and exhibits a preference towards 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chains, Deubiquitinates ENAC in apical compartments, thereby regulating apical membrane recycling, Indirectly increases the phosphorylation of IGFIR, AKT and FOXO1 and promotes insulin-signaling and insulin-induced adipogenesis, Required for stress-response retinal, skeletal muscle and germ cell maintenance, May be involved in working memory, Can hydrolyze UBB(+1), a mutated form of ubiquitin which is not effectively degraded by the proteasome


This is Nectin-1 protein, from Mouse, contains 515 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, has 2 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Involved in cell adhesion and synaptogegesis, Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity, Receptor for alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1, HSV-2 and pseudorabies virus) entry into cells


This is Hypoxia up-regulated protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 999 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Has a pivotal role in cytoprotective cellular mechanisms triggered by oxygen deprivation, May play a role as a molecular chaperone and participate in protein folding (By similarity)

Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family


This is Protein AATF protein, from Mouse, contains 526 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit, During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome, May function as a general inhibitor of the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Binding to the pocket region of RB1 may displace HDAC1 from RB1/E2F complexes, leading to activation of E2F target genes and cell cycle progression, Conversely, displacement of HDAC1 from SP1 bound to the CDKN1A promoter leads to increased expression of this CDK inhibitor and blocks cell cycle progression, Also antagonizes PAWR mediated induction of aberrant amyloid peptide production in Alzheimer disease (presenile and senile dementia), although the molecular basis for this phenomenon has not been described to date


This is High mobility group nucleosome-binding domain-containing protein 5 protein, from Mouse, contains 406 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Preferentially binds to euchromatin and modulates cellular transcription by counteracting linker histone-mediated chromatin compaction


This is Nectin-3 protein, from Mouse, contains 549 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, has 2 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Ig-like C2-type

Ig-like C2-type

Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion through heterophilic trans-interactions with nectins-like or other nectins, such as trans-interaction with NECTIN2 at Sertoli-spermatid junctions, Trans-interaction with PVR induces activation of CDC42 and RAC small G proteins through common signaling molecules such as SRC and RAP1, Also involved in the formation of cell-cell junctions, including adherens junctions and synapses, Induces endocytosis-mediated down-regulation of PVR from the cell surface, resulting in reduction of cell movement and proliferation, Plays a role in the morphology of the ciliary body


This is Selenocysteine lyase protein, from Mouse, contains 432 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium

Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 3 protein, from Rat, contains 346 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of alternative splicing and influences mRNA splice site selection and exon inclusion (PubMed:11118435), Binds preferentially to the 5'-[AU]UAAA-3' motif in vitro, Binds optimally to RNA containing 5'-[AU]UAA-3' as a bipartite motif spaced by more than 15 nucleotides, Binds poly(A), RNA-binding abilities are down-regulated by tyrosine kinase PTK6 (By similarity), Involved in splice site selection of vascular endothelial growth factor, In vitro regulates CD44 alternative splicing by direct binding to purine-rich exonic enhancer (PubMed:11118435), Can regulate alternative splicing of neurexins NRXN1-3 in the laminin G-like domain 6 containing the evolutionary conserved neurexin alternative spliced segment 4 (AS4) involved in neurexin selective targeting to postsynaptic partners such as neuroligins and LRRTM family members, Targeted, cell-type specific splicing regulation of NRXN1 at AS4 is involved in neuronal glutamatergic synapse function and plasticity, May regulate expression of KHDRBS2/SLIM-1 in defined brain neuron populations by modifying its alternative splicing, Can bind FABP9 mRNA (By similarity), May play a role as a negative regulator of cell growth, Inhibits cell proliferation (By similarity)


This is Transcription factor 23 protein, from Mouse, contains 209 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inhibits E-box-mediated binding and transactivation of bHLH factors, Inhibitory effect is similar to that of ID proteins, Inhibits the formation of TCF3 and MYOD1 homodimers and heterodimers, Lacks DNA binding activity, May be involved in the regulation or modulation of smooth muscle contraction of the uterus during pregnancy and particularly around the time of delivery, Seems to play a role in the inhibition of myogenesis


This is Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 524 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Involved in the control of reactive oxygen species levels and the regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis (By similarity), Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state, May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling (By similarity)

Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family


This is Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse, contains 314 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the fifth step in the leucine degradation pathway, the reversible hydration of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA (3-MG-CoA) to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), Can catalyze the reverse reaction but at a much lower rate in vitro, HMG-CoA is then quickly degraded by another enzyme (such as HMG-CoA lyase) to give acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, Uses other substrates such as (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA efficiently in vitro, and to a lesser extent 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA (3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA), crotonyl-CoA ((2E)-butenoyl-CoA) and 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA (the missing carboxylate reduces affinity to the active site) (By similarity), Originally it was identified as an RNA-binding protein as it binds to AU-rich elements (AREs) in vitro, AREs direct rapid RNA degradation and mRNA deadenylation (PubMed:10072761), Might have itaconyl-CoA hydratase activity, converting itaconyl-CoA into citramalyl-CoA in the C5-dicarboxylate catabolism pathway, The C5-dicarboxylate catabolism pathway is required to detoxify itaconate, an antimicrobial metabolite and immunomodulator produced by macrophages during certain infections, that can act as a vitamin B12-poisoning metabolite (By similarity)

Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family


This is E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS4 protein, from Mouse, contains 507 amino acids, has 1 SP-RING-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

SP-RING-type

Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor, Mediates sumoylation of CEBPA, PARK7, HERC2, MYB, TCF4 and RNF168, Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53/TP53 pathway, the Wnt pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway, Involved in gene silencing, In Wnt signaling, represses LEF1 and enhances TCF4 transcriptional activities through promoting their sumoylations, Enhances the sumoylation of MTA1 and may participate in its paralog-selective sumoylation (By similarity), Binds to AT-rich DNA sequences, known as matrix or scaffold attachment regions (MARs/SARs) (PubMed:11731474), Catalyzes conjugation of SUMO2 to KAT5 in response to DNA damage, facilitating repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) (By similarity), Mediates sumoylation of PARP1 in response to PARP1 trapping to chromatin (By similarity)


This is Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid symporter 1 protein, from Rat, contains 485 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Symporter that cotransports short-chain neutral amino acids and sodium ions from the extraccellular to the intracellular side of the cell membrane (PubMed:10660562, PubMed:11692272, PubMed:11756489, PubMed:12684517), The transport is elctrogenic, pH dependent and driven by the Na(+) electrochemical gradient (PubMed:11692272, PubMed:11756489, PubMed:12684517), Participates in the astroglia-derived glutamine transport into GABAergic interneurons for neurotransmitter GABA de novo synthesis (PubMed:11756489, PubMed:10660562), May also contributes to amino acid transport in placental trophoblast (By similarity), Regulates synaptic plasticity (By similarity)


This is Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 103 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Promotes activation of caspases and apoptosis, Promotes mitochondrial membrane changes and efflux of apoptogenic proteins from the mitochondria, Contributes to p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis after radiation exposure, Promotes proteasomal degradation of MCL1, Competes with BIM/BCL2L11 for binding to MCL1 and can displace BIM/BCL2L11 from its binding site on MCL1 (By similarity), Competes with BAK1 for binding to MCL1 and can displace BAK1 from its binding site on MCL1


This is Kv channel-interacting protein 2 protein, from Rat, contains 270 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels, Modulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner (PubMed:16820361), In vitro, modulates KCND2/Kv4,2 and KCND3/Kv4,3 currents, Involved in KCND2 and KCND3 trafficking to the cell surface, Essential for the expression of I(To) currents in the heart (By similarity), Required for normal protein levels of KCND2 in the heart ventricle (By similarity)


This is Receptor expression-enhancing protein 6 protein, from Mouse, contains 201 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Required for correct function and survival of retinal photoreceptors (PubMed:24098485, PubMed:24691551, PubMed:28475715), Required for retinal development (PubMed:28369466), In rod photoreceptors, facilitates stability and/or trafficking of guanylate cyclases and is required to maintain endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial homeostasis (PubMed:28475715), May play a role in clathrin-coated intracellular vesicle trafficking of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the retinal rod plasma membrane (PubMed:24098485, PubMed:28369466)


This is G kinase-anchoring protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 366 amino acids, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Regulates insulin-dependent IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation in adipocytes by modulating the availability of IRS1 to IR tyrosine kinase, Its association with IRS1 is required for insulin-induced translocation of SLC2A4 to the cell membrane, Involved in TNF-induced impairment of insulin-dependent IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation


This is Piwi-like protein 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 862 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in postnatal germ cells by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:22121019, PubMed:21237665), Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:22121019, PubMed:21237665), Directly binds methylated piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequence elements (PubMed:11578866, PubMed:22121019, PubMed:21237665), Strongly prefers a uridine in the first position of their guide (g1U preference, also named 1U-bias) (PubMed:24757166), Not involved in the piRNA amplification loop, also named ping-pong amplification cycle (PubMed:22121019), Acts as an endoribonuclease that cleaves transposon messenger RNAs (PubMed:22121019), Besides their function in transposable elements repression, piRNAs are probably involved in other processes during meiosis such as translation regulation (PubMed:16938833), Probable component of some RISC complex, which mediates RNA cleavage and translational silencing (PubMed:16938833), Also plays a role in the formation of chromatoid bodies and is required for some miRNAs stability (PubMed:16787948), Required to sequester RNF8 in the cytoplasm until late spermatogenesis; RNF8 being released upon ubiquitination and degradation of PIWIL1 (PubMed:28552346)

Belongs to the argonaute family, Piwi subfamily


This is TCF3 fusion partner homolog protein, from Rat, contains 259 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Putative regulatory component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair


This is Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic protein, from Mouse, contains 613 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Reduces disulfideprotein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol-containing form, Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation, Contains a selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site that is essential for catalysis, Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)


This is Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase carboxyl transferase subunit alpha, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 769 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex, First, biotin carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the carboxyltransferase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA (By similarity)


This is NAC transcription factor 56 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 364 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor of the NAC family (Probable), Together with NAC018/NARS2, regulates embryogenesis by regulating the development and degeneration of ovule integuments, a process required for intertissue communication between the embryo and the maternal integument (PubMed:18849494)


This is Bax inhibitor 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 247 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Suppressor of apoptosis, Modulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated programmed cell death, Involved in methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence through regulating cytoplasmic calcium level


This is RNA polymerase sigma factor sigF, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 547 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) to specific initiation sites and are then released, Regulates transcription in chloroplast in a DG1-dependent manner, Involved in light-dependent chloroplast development, Required during early plant development and primary leaf formation


This is Transcription factor MYB108 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 323 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor contributing to the regulation of stamen maturation and male fertility in response to jasmonate signaling, Required for correct timing of anther dehiscence, Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid-induced cell death, Not involved in the regulation of BOI, Regulated by MYB21 and at a lower level by MYB24, Negatively regulated by the proteasome in an SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex-dependent manner


This is Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 7 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 244 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in the regulation of gene expression by abscisic acid, stress factors and by components of stress signal transduction pathways, Transcription factor that binds to the GCC-box pathogenesis-related promoter element, Part of a transcriptional repressor complex including a histone deacetylase

Belongs to the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, ERF subfamily


This is Scarecrow-like transcription factor PAT1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 490 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Probable transcription factor involved in phytochrome A (phyA) signal transduction


This is Axial regulator YABBY 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 231 amino acids, has 1 C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Essential for the formation and the abaxial-adaxial asymmetric growth of the ovule outer integument


This is Methionine aminotransferase BCAT4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 354 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids, Shows activity with L-Leu, L-Ile and L-Val as amino donors and alpha-keto-glutarate as an amino acceptor, but no activity for D-isomers of Leu, Ile, Val, Asp, Glu or Ala, Acts on methionine and its derivatives and the corresponding 2-oxo acids, Catalyzes the initial deamination of methionine to 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyrate as well as the transamination of other typical intermediates of the methionine chain elongation pathway

Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Chaperone protein ClpB3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 968 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Molecular chaperone essential for chloroplast development and seedling viability, Mediates internal thylakoid membrane formation and confers thermotolerance to chloroplasts during heat stress


This is SART-1 family protein DOT2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 820 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Plays a role in root, shoot and flower development, Probably required for normal root and shoot meristem organization and maintenance and the proper expression of PIN and PLT genes (PubMed:19000164), Involved in leaf vasculature patterning (PubMed:18643975)


This is Vesicle-associated membrane protein 713 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 221 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane


This is E2F transcription factor-like E2FD protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 359 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inhibitor of E2F-dependent regulation of gene expression, Binds specifically the E2 recognition site as a monomer without interacting with DP proteins, May be up-regulating E2FA and down-regulating repressors of cell cycle progression, Promotes cell proliferation and represses cell elongation, Regulated by proteolysis via a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway


This is Protein NSP-INTERACTING KINASE 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 638 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Involved in defense response to geminivirus and begomovirus infection via regulation of the nuclear trafficking of RPL10A, Phosphorylates RPL10A in vitro (PubMed:15489295, PubMed:18789471, PubMed:19112492, PubMed:19492062, PubMed:25707794), Activation of NIK1 down-regulates cytosolic translation (PubMed:25707794)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 2.12 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 576 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Low-affinity proton-dependent nitrate transporter, Not involved in dipeptides transport, Involved in delivering nitrate for seed development

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2,A,17) family


This is Zinc finger protein STAMENLESS 1 protein, from Rice, contains 263 amino acids, has 1 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Regulates floral organ identity and cell proliferation in the inner floral whorls, Probably specifies the identities of lodicule and stamen through positive regulation of MADS16 expression, May contribute to morphogenesis by suppressing OSH1 expression in the lateral organs


This is Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM40-1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 309 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Central component of the receptor complex responsible for the recognition and translocation of cytosolically synthesized mitochondrial preproteins, Together with TOM22 functions as the transit peptide receptor at the surface of the mitochondrion outer membrane and facilitates the movement of preproteins into the translocation pore, Directly involved in the pore formation


This is VIN3-like protein 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 602 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

Involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways by regulating expression of the related floral repressors FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM), Together with VIN3, required during vernalization for the modifications of FLC and FLM chromatin that are associated with an epigenetically silenced state (e,g, chromatin modifications, histone deacetylation, and trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' H3K4me3 and 'Lys-27' H3K27me3) and with acquisition of competence to flower, Promotes flowering in short days (SD=8 hours light/16 hours dark), Associates dynamically at FLC locus; during vernalization, binds to specific sites, but when in warm conditions, distributed along the whole locus


This is Serine/arginine-rich SC35-like splicing factor SCL30A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 262 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in intron recognition and spliceosome assembly, Binds probably to multiple 5'-GAAG-3' repeats found in its third intron, suggesting autoregulation of alternative splicing (PubMed:22913769), May be necessary for accurate splicing of the 3' region of introns

Belongs to the splicing factor SR family, SCL subfamily


This is Protein FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 839 amino acids, has 1 SWIM-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

SWIM-type

Transcription activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-CACGCGC-3', Activates the expression of FHY1 and FHL involved in light responses, When associated with PHYA, protects it from being recognized and degraded by the COP1/SPA complex, Positive regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis via the activation of HEMB1 gene expression


This is Plastidial pyruvate kinase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 596 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Required for plastidial pyruvate kinase activity, Involved in seed oil accumulation, embryo development and seed storage compounds mobilization upon germination


This is Beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 575 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Beta-amylase activity, Can use p-nitrophenyl maltopentaoside (PNPG5) as substrate only in reduced form, Can play a minor role in the starch degradation and maltose metabolism in chloroplasts during the night, More active on phosphorylated glucan, Interacts directly with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family


This is Glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 4, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 136 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Possibly has a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress (PubMed:16207746), Binds sequence non-specifically to RNAs and DNAs (PubMed:16207746), Mediates cell-to-cell trafficking of RNA interference (RNAi) signals (small RNAs (sRNA), e,g, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA)) which regulate growth and development, as well as responses to environmental inputs, including pathogen attack; can compromise zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infections at the early stage (PubMed:31812689)


This is Protein CDC73 homolog protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 415 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which is involved in histone modifications such as methylation on histone H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) (PubMed:20363855), Involved in regulation of flowering time, Required for the expression of the flowering repressors FLC and MADS-box genes of the MAF family, Required for histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) at the FLC locus (PubMed:20363855, PubMed:20463090), Prevents trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the same locus (PubMed:20363855)


This is Chaperonin 60 subunit beta 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 596 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family


This is Xyloglucan glycosyltransferase 4 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 673 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Beta-1,4-glucan synthase rather involved in the synthesis of the xyloglucan backbone than cellulose, Seems to work simultaneously with xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase, Xyloglucan is a noncellulosic polysaccharides of plant cell wall and consists of a glucan backbone substituted by xylose, galactose and fucose (PubMed:17488821, PubMed:32737163), Associates with other xyloglucan-synthesizing enzymes to form multiprotein complexes for xyloglucan synthesis in the Golgi (PubMed:25392066)

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family, Plant cellulose synthase-like C subfamily


This is Receptor-like protein kinase THESEUS 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 855 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor-like protein kinase required for cell elongation during vegetative growth, mostly in a brassinosteroid-(BR-) independent manner, Mediates the response of growing plant cells to the perturbation of cellulose synthesis and may act as a cell-wall-integrity sensor, Controls ectopic-lignin accumulation in cellulose-deficient mutant backgrounds


This is Monodehydroascorbate reductase 4, peroxisomal protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 488 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process (PubMed:16146528), Involved in the detoxification of H(2)O(2) that escapes the peroxisome and causes oxidative damage to oil bodies (PubMed:17449810)

Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family


This is Malate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 341 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes a reversible NAD-dependent dehydrogenase reaction involved in central metabolism and redox homeostasis between organelle compartments (Probable), Required for carbon dioxide and energy partitioning in leaves, May limit photorespiration during the dark phase (PubMed:20876337, PubMed:27208265), Can convert 2-ketoglutarate to L-2-hydroxyglutarate in vitro (PubMed:26203119)

Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily, MDH type 1 family


This is Two-component response regulator-like APRR1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 618 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Controls photoperiodic flowering response, Component of the circadian clock, Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm, The particular coordinated sequential expression of APRR9, APRR7, APRR5, APRR3 and APPR1 result to circadian waves that may be at the basis of the endogenous circadian clock, Positive regulator of CCA1 and LHY expression


This is Protein TIFY 10A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 253 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Repressor of jasmonate responses, Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) specifically promotes COI1-TIFY10A/JAZ1 interaction, Interacts with COI1 and inositol pentakisphosphate to form a high-affinity jasmonates coreceptor


This is Protein SMAX1-LIKE 6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 979 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable component of a transcriptional corepressor complex involved in branching control, Regulates cotyledon expansion and lateral root growth, but not germination or hypocotyl elongation, Promotes auxin transport and PIN1 accumulation in the stem and represses BRC1/TCP18 expression in axillary buds (PubMed:26546447, PubMed:26546446)


This is Cyclin-dependent kinase D-3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 391 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May form a stable complex with cyclin CYCH1-1 that phosphorylates human CDK2 and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family, CDC2/CDKX subfamily


This is Nuclear poly(A) polymerase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 713 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Essential protein (PubMed:19956626), Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's (PubMed:15297145), Also required for the endoribonucleolytic cleavage reaction at some polyadenylation sites, May acquire specificity through interaction with a cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) at its C-terminus (By similarity)

Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family


This is Probable galacturonosyltransferase-like 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 351 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide primer sequence, beta-D-Xyl-(1,3)-alpha-l-Rha-(1,2)-alpha-D-GalA-(1,4)-D-Xyl, located at the reducing end of glucuronoxylan, Might catalyze the transfer of the reducing Xyl residue onto a protein acceptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is then transported to the Golgi where the subsequent additions of sugar residues take place

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family


This is Protein GRIM REAPER protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 168 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Involved in the regulation of cell death induced by extracellular reactive oxygen species (PubMed:19279211, PubMed:25398910), Only the processed peptide, and not the full length GRI can bind in vivo to the extracellular domain of the receptor PRK5 (PubMed:25398910), The GRIp-induced cell death is superoxide and salicylic acid dependent (PubMed:19279211)


This is CO(2)-response secreted protease protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 769 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Mediates CO(2)-controlled stomatal development by cleaving peptide EPF2 (AC Q8LC53), Not active on peptides EPF1 (AC Q8S8I4) or stomagen (AC Q9SV72)


This is F-box protein SKP2A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 360 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of SCF(SKP2A) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (including cell cycle repressors), Acts as an auxin receptor; one active auxin is indole-3-acetate, Regulates the stability of the transcription factors E2FC and DPB, repressors of cell proliferation, Confers increase tolerance to osmotic stress by promoting cell division, especially in meristems, Promotes the formation of lateral root primordia


This is Hexokinase-3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 498 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Fructose and glucose phosphorylating enzyme (By similarity), May be involved in the phosphorylation of glucose during the export from mitochondrion to cytosol (By similarity), Plays a role in plant growth and development, perhaps by mediating cross-talk between glucose and hormone response pathways (PubMed:19706780), Involved in root hair cell development by mediating certain aspects of cross talk between glucose and ethylene response pathways (PubMed:22366209)


This is Pollen receptor-like kinase 5 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 686 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor-like kinase involved in the control of pollen germination and pollen tube polar growth (PubMed:23024212), The extracellular domain serves as a sensor for peptides derived from GRI (PubMed:25398910), May act as a downstream element for ROS-dependent cell death induced by GRI (PubMed:25398910)


This is Transcription factor SCREAM2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 450 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Mediates stomatal differentiation in the epidermis probably by controlling successive roles of SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA (PubMed:18641265), Functions as a dimer with SPCH during stomatal initiation (PubMed:18641265, PubMed:28507175)


This is Protein AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 577 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P,syringae (By similarity), Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription, Involved in embryogenesis regulation by auxin


This is G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase SD1-13 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 830 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase that represses the disease resistance signaling pathway triggered in response to bacterial pathogen such as Pseudomonas syringae pv, tomato


This is 4-coumarate--CoA ligase-like 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 542 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Carboxylate--CoA ligase that may use 4-coumarate as substrate, Follows a two-step reaction mechanism, wherein the carboxylate substrate first undergoes adenylation by ATP, followed by a thioesterification in the presence of CoA to yield the final CoA thioester

Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family


This is Glucuronoxylan 4-O-methyltransferase 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 297 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Methyltransferase catalyzing 4-O-methylation of glucuronic acid side chains on xylan

Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily


This is Peroxisomal membrane protein 11C protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 235 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Involved in peroxisomal proliferation, Promotes peroxisomal duplication, aggregation or elongation without fission


This is Heme oxygenase 4, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 283 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the opening of the heme ring to form the open-chain tetrapyrrole biliverdin IX with the release of iron and carbon monoxide (CO), Produces specifically the biliverdin IX-alpha isomer, Plays a minor role in phytochrome assembly and photomorphogenesis


This is Glycine cleavage system H protein 3, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 166 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine, The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein (By similarity)


This is Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 7.3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 614 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Low-affinity proton-dependent bidirectional nitrate transporter, Involved in nitrate loading into xylem and not in nitrate uptake, Not involved in histidine or dipeptides transport


This is DELLA protein GAI protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 533 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway, Transcription coactivator of the zinc finger transcription factors GAF1/IDD2 and ENY/IDD1 in regulation of gibberellin homeostasis and signaling (PubMed:25035403), No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability, Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes, Positively regulates XERICO expression, In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA, Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene, Involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and germination, including glucose-induced delay of seed germination (PubMed:24989044), Involved in the process leading to microtubules (MTs) dissociation in response to gibberellic acid (GA) probably by mediating the translocation of the prefoldin co-chaperone complex from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (PubMed:23583555)

Belongs to the GRAS family, DELLA subfamily


This is B-box zinc finger protein 21 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 331 amino acids, has 1 B box-type 1; atypical Zinc finger, has 1 B box-type 2; atypical Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

B box-type 1; atypical

B box-type 2; atypical

Transcription activator that acts as positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenesis (PubMed:17965270), Acts downstream of COP1 and play an important role in early and long-term adjustment of the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses in natural environments (PubMed:21070414)


This is Glutamate--glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 481 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Catalyzes the glutamate:glyoxylate (GGT or GGAT), alanine:glyoxylate (AGT), alanine:2-oxoglutarate (AKT) and glutamate:pyruvate (GPT) aminotransferase reactions in peroxisomes, Required for abscisic acid (ABA)- and stress-mediated responses in an H(2)O(2)-dependent manner, Functions as a photorespiratory aminotransferase that modulates amino acid content during photorespiration (GGAT activity); promotes serine, glycine and citrulline metabolism in response to light

Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family, Alanine aminotransferase subfamily


This is Photosystem II repair protein PSB27-H1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 174 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Probably involved in repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII)


This is Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 386 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Key enzyme in heme biosynthesis, Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of propionic acid side chains of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen III

Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family


This is Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase BSU1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 793 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Phosphatase that acts as a positive regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling (PubMed:14977918, PubMed:21855796), Dephosphorylates BES1, a transcription factor that regulates the expression of BR-response genes, thereby playing an important role in the regulation of response to BRs (PubMed:14977918), Inactivates the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200' (PubMed:21855796)

Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family, BSU subfamily


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase EL5 protein, from Rice, contains 325 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; atypical Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

RING-type; atypical

Functions as a E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in cooperation with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes UBC5A and UBC5B, Involved in root development, Required for the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation, May mediate the degradation of cytotoxic proteins produced in root cells after the actions of auxin, cytokinin and jasmonic acid, Mediates 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination of MBP in vitro


This is 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 577 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity, Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids, Contributes probably to abscisic acid synthesis for the induction of seed dormancy

Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family


This is 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase NCED3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 599 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity, Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids, in response to water stress


This is Glycolate oxidase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 367 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, with a reduction of O2 to H2O2 (PubMed:25416784), Is a key enzyme in photorespiration in green plants (Probable)

Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family


This is Glycolate oxidase 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 367 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, with a reduction of O2 to H2O2 (PubMed:21828292, PubMed:25416784), Is a key enzyme in photorespiration in green plants (Probable), Glycolate is the preferred substrate, but to a lesser extent, this oxidase is also able to use hydroxypyruvate, L-lactate and glycerate as substrates in vitro (PubMed:21828292)


This is Transcription factor AIG1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 344 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor required for MONOPTEROS-dependent root initiation in embryo, Transcriptionally controlled by MONOPTEROS


This is Protein ASPARTIC PROTEASE IN GUARD CELL 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 500 amino acids, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Aspartic protease involved in drought avoidance through abscisic acid signaling


This is TSA1-like protein protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 772 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Responsible for the ER body formation, Regulates the number and shape of the ER bodies and the accumulation of PYK10 in ER bodies, but is not involved in the expression of PYK10


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase CDG1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 432 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the positive regulation of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and plant growth, Mediates BR signal transduction from BRI1 receptor kinase to BSU1 phosphatase, After activation by phosphorylation at Ser-234 by BRI1, CDG1 phosphorylates BSU1 at 'Ser-764' in the phosphatase domain, increasing the ability of BSU1 to inactivate the negative regulator of BR signaling ASK7/BIN2 by dephosphorylation at 'Tyr-200', The full kinase activity of CDG1 is required for its biological function

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Transcription factor ICE1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 494 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator that regulates the cold-induced transcription of CBF/DREB1 genes, Binds specifically to the MYC recognition sites (5'-CANNTG-3') found in the CBF3/DREB1A promoter, Mediates stomatal differentiation in the epidermis probably by controlling successive roles of SPCH, MUTE, and FAMA, Functions as a dimer with SPCH during stomatal initiation (PubMed:18641265, PubMed:28507175)


This is Transcription factor MYB35 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 317 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for anther development and early tapetal function during microspore maturation (PubMed:18397379, PubMed:21957980), Regulates callose dissolution required for microspores release from the tetrads (PubMed:18397379)


This is Inactive LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase BIR2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 605 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Pseudokinases lacking protein kinase activity and unable to bind ATP-analogs (PubMed:24556575), Negative regulator of pathogen-associated molecular patterns- (PAMP-) triggered immunity by limiting BAK1-receptor complex formation in the absence of ligands (PubMed:24388849)


This is Transcription factor LRL3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 297 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that regulates the development of root hairs (PubMed:19675148), Does not seem to be involved in the regulation of sperm cell development (PubMed:28585562)


This is Glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 289 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate as well as succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to gamma-hydroxybutyrate in vitro, May function in redox homeostasis and play a role in oxidative stress tolerance by detoxifying glyoxylate and SSA generated in glycolate metabolism and GABA metabolism, respectively

Belongs to the HIBADH-related family, NP60 subfamily


This is Electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 251 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

The electron transfer flavoprotein serves as a specific electron acceptor for several dehydrogenases, including five acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, glutaryl-CoA and sarcosine dehydrogenase, It transfers the electrons to the main mitochondrial respiratory chain via ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF dehydrogenase) (By similarity), Involved in leucine catabolism and in phytol degradation

Belongs to the ETF beta-subunit/FixA family


This is Polycomb group protein FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 369 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Polycomb group (PcG) protein, PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development, PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development, They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility, Required to prevent the proliferation of the central cell by repressing unknown target genes before fertilization, Probably also involved in floral repression mechanism established during early plant development, Regulates the anteroposterior organization of the endosperm, Interacts with the promoter and represses the transcription of genes such as PHE1, that are paternally active and maternally silenced


This is D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 588 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the plastidial phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB)

Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family


This is Calcineurin B-like protein 9 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 213 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Acts as a calcium sensor involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and stress-induced ABA biosynthesis pathways, Contributes to the regulation of early stress-related CBF/DREB transcription factors, CBL proteins interact with CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases, Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of a CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner, May function as a negative regulator of stress and ABA responses, Mediates the activation of AKT1 by CIPK proteins (CIPK6, CIPK16, and CIPK23) in response to low potassium conditions and in the context of stomatal movement, Involved in the calcium-dependent regulation by CIPK26 of reactive oxygen species production by the NADPH oxidase RBOHF, The CBL9/CIPK3 complex acts in the regulation of abscisic acid response in seed germination

Belongs to the calcineurin regulatory subunit family


This is Methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 225 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator that binds CpG, CpNpN and CpNpG (N is A, T, or C) islands in promoters regardless the DNA methylation status, Plays probably a role in gene silencing, May associate with histone deacetylase proteins (HDAC), Required for nucleolar dominance that consist in the silencing of rRNA genes inherited from one progenitor in genetic hybrids, Recruited to rRNA genes in a DRM2-dependent manner, Maintains gene silencing by interacting with RNA binding proteins (e,g, NTF2, RPS2C, HDA6 and AGO4) and by regulating DNA methylation status (PubMed:28229965)


This is Protein TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 381 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Component of a phosphatidic acid/lipid transport complex in the chloroplast envelope, Specifically binds phosphatidic acid (PA), Involved in lipid transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plastids, and necessary for thylakoids formation


This is Glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 434 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Adds a myristoyl group to the N-terminal glycine residue of certain cellular proteins, Can also use decanoyl-CoA and lauroyl-CoA as substrates


This is Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase 1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 530 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the oxidation of either pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) or pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP) into pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), Involved in the PLP salvage pathway, Has a higher preference for PNP over PMP, May also catalyze the epimerization of the S- and R-forms of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration, This is a prerequisite for the S-specific NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase to allow the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase family


This is Heat shock 70 kDa protein 7, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 718 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

In cooperation with other chaperones, Hsp70s are key components that facilitate folding of de novo synthesized proteins, assist translocation of precursor proteins into organelles, and are responsible for degradation of damaged protein under stress conditions

Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 (TC 1,A,33) family, DnaK subfamily


This is Glutamyl-tRNA reductase-binding protein, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 317 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Involved in the regulation of glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) which is important for the synthesis and distribution of 5-aminolevulinate, a precursor in heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis (PubMed:22180625), Stimulates GluTR activity and regulates glutamate-1-semialdehyde release, May play a role in heme metabolism (PubMed:24753615), Necessary for efficient photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts (PubMed:20657737)


This is Superoxide dismutase [Fe] 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 305 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity), Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes, Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD3

Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family


This is Auxin efflux carrier component 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 647 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Acts as a component of the auxin efflux carrier, Seems to be involved in the root-specific auxin transport, and mediates the root gravitropism, Its particular localization suggest a role in the translocation of auxin towards the elongation zone

Belongs to the auxin efflux carrier (TC 2,A,69,1) family


This is Protein OBERON 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 574 amino acids, has 1 PHD-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

PHD-type

Probable transcription factor that acts together with OBE1 for the maintenance and/or establishment of both the shoot and root meristems, probably by controlling the expression of the meristem genes such as WUS, PLT1 and PLT2 and of genes required for auxin responses, Promotes cell meristematic activity via the WUSCHEL-CLAVATA pathway, Involved in the development of the basal pole and in auxin-mediated root and vascular development in the embryo, Confers sensitivity to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) probably by promoting viral movement and multiplication via interaction with TuMV VPg


This is Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 3, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 360 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate


This is CRC domain-containing protein TSO1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 695 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Probable floral-specific cell division component, required for proper organ formation in flowers, Regulates the floral meristem cell division and the inflorescence meristem organization, Plays a role in development of both male and female reproductive tissues


This is Protein RDM1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 163 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

Regulator of RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), Binds to single-stranded methyl DNA, Involved in the assembly of RNA polymerase V (Pol V) transcription initiation or elongation complexes at the chromatin, as a component of the DDR complex


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase WAG2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 480 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the regulation of auxin signaling, Acts as a positive regulator of cellular auxin efflux and regulates organ development by enhancing PIN-mediated polar auxin transport, Phosphorylates conserved serine residues in the PIN auxin efflux carriers, Phosphorylation of PIN proteins is required and sufficient for apical-basal PIN polarity that enables directional intercellular auxin fluxes, which mediate differential growth, tissue patterning and organogenesis, Acts as suppressors of root waving


This is Condensin-2 complex subunit H2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 683 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Regulatory subunit of the condensin-2 complex, a complex that seems to provide chromosomes with an additional level of organization and rigidity and in establishing mitotic chromosome architecture (By similarity), The condensin-2 complex plays a role in DNA damage repair or in protecting the genome from certain genotoxic stressors (e,g, boron excess, zeocin and aphidicolin)

Belongs to the CND2 H2 (condensin-2 subunit 2) family


This is Bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET16 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 230 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the vacuolar membrane, Regulates sugars homeostasis in leaves and roots by exporting/importing them through the tonoplast regarding metabolic demand (PubMed:24028846), Acts as a vacuolar hexose transporter, such as glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), and sucrose (Suc) (PubMed:25988582, PubMed:24381066, PubMed:24028846)

Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family


This is Linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 886 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

9S-lipoxygenase that can use linoleic acid or linolenic acid as substrates, Plant lipoxygenases may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding, Catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure, Function as regulators of root development by controlling the emergence of lateral roots (PubMed:17369372, PubMed:18949503), 9S-lypoxygenase-derived oxylipins may play an antagonistic role to ethylene signaling in the control of responses involving oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and plant defense (PubMed:21481031), LOX5-derived oxylipins may facilitate performance of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) on foliage (PubMed:21481031), 9S-lypoxygenase-derived oxylipins are engaged during infection to control the balance between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling to facilitate infection by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (PubMed:26075826), 9S-lypoxygenase-derived oxylipins activate brassinosteroid signaling to promote cell wall-based defense and limit pathogen infection (PubMed:26417008), Does not seem to contribute to the oxidation of free fatty acids during seed aging (PubMed:28371855)


This is Protein NRT1/ PTR FAMILY 2.11 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 616 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

High-affinity, proton-dependent glucosinolate-specific transporter, Involved in apoplasmic phloem-loading of glucosinolates and in bidirectional long-distance transport of aliphatic but not indole glucosinolates, May be involved in removal of glucosinolates from the xylem in roots

Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily, Proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2,A,17) family


This is Hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase GALT6 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 681 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Golgi apparatus.

Possesses hydroxyproline O-galactosyltransferase activity, Transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to hydroxyproline residues in the arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), Is specific for AGPs containing non-contiguous peptidyl hydroxyproline residues, Utilizes UDP-galactose solely as sugar donor, The addition of galactose onto the peptidyl hydroxyproline residues in AGP core proteins represents the first committed step in arabinogalactan polysaccharide addition, AGP glycans play essential roles in both vegetative and reproductive plant growth

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family


This is Proline-rich receptor-like protein kinase PERK1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 652 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is NAC domain-containing protein 101 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 348 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator that binds to the secondary wall NAC binding element (SNBE), 5'-(T/A)NN(C/T)(T/C/G)TNNNNNNNA(A/C)GN(A/C/T)(A/T)-3', and to the tracheary elements (TE) specific regulating cis-element (TERE), 5'-CTTNAAAGCNA-3', in the promoter of target genes (e,g, genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis, cell wall modification such as xylan accumulation, and programmed cell death) (PubMed:20935069, PubMed:20952636, PubMed:20488898), Involved in xylem formation in roots and shoots, especially regulating metaxylem vessel differentiation by promoting immature xylem vessel-specific genes expression, especially genes regulating programmed cell death (PCD) and secondary wall formation in tracheary elements (TE) (PubMed:16103214, PubMed:20952636, PubMed:20488898), Can activate MYB25, MYB46, MYB58, MYB63, MYB83, MYB103, CESA4, LBD15, LBD30, ERF115, XCP1, XCP2, NAC010/SND3, KNAT7, ASL19 and ASL20 expression (PubMed:17890373, PubMed:18952777, PubMed:19088331, PubMed:19122102, PubMed:19808805, PubMed:20935069, PubMed:20952636)

Belongs to the plant vascular related NAC-domain protein family


This is Two-component response regulator-like APRR3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 495 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Controls photoperiodic flowering response, Component of the circadian clock, Controls the degradation of APRR1/TOC1 by the SCF(ZTL) complex, Expression of several members of the ARR-like family is controlled by circadian rhythm, The particular coordinated sequential expression of APRR9, APRR7, APRR5, APRR3 and APPR1 result to circadian waves that may be at the basis of the endogenous circadian clock


This is Protein TIFY 6B protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 352 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Repressor of jasmonate responses, Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) specifically promotes COI1-TIFY6B/JAZ3 interaction, Acts as a negative regulator of MYC2 function, Feed-back regulated by MYC2


This is Probable inactive receptor kinase RLK902 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 647 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is ABC transporter B family member 25, mitochondrial protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 728 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Performs an essential function in the generation of cytoplasmic iron-sulfur proteins by mediating export of Fe/S cluster precursors synthesized by NFS1 and other mitochondrial proteins, Not required for mitochondrial and plastid Fe-S enzymes, Probably involved in the export of cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) from mitochondria into the cytosol, Mediates glutathione-dependent resistance to heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, as well as their transport from roots to leaves, Regulates nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and the cellular level of glutathione (GSH)

Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily, ABCB family, Heavy Metal importer (TC 3,A,1,210) subfamily


This is Zinc finger protein ENHYDROUS protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 500 amino acids, has 2 C2H2-type Zinc finger, has 1 C2H2-type 2; degenerate Zinc finger, has 1 CCHC-type 2; atypical Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2H2-type 2; degenerate

CCHC-type 2; atypical

Transcription factor promoting the transition to germination by regulating light and hormonal signaling during seed maturation (PubMed:21571950), Acts as a positive regulator of phytochrome and/or gibberellin action (PubMed:21571950, PubMed:25035403)


This is Peptide chain release factor PrfB1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 456 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codon UGA, Required for the proper translation, stability and normal processing of UGA-containing polycistronic transcripts in chloroplasts

Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family


This is Phytyl ester synthase 2, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 701 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Acyltransferase involved in fatty acid phytyl ester synthesis in chloroplasts, a process required for the maintenance of the photosynthetic membrane integrity during abiotic stress and senescence (PubMed:22623494), Exhibits phytyl ester synthesis and diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities with broad substrate specificities, and can employ acyl-CoAs, acyl carrier proteins, and galactolipids as acyl donors (PubMed:22623494)

Belongs to the diacylglycerol acyltransferase family


This is Protein AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 575 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, Confers sensitivity to the virulent bacterial pathogen P,syringae (By similarity), Auxin receptor that mediates Aux/IAA proteins proteasomal degradation and auxin-regulated transcription, Involved in embryogenesis regulation by auxin


This is Plastid-lipid-associated protein 6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 284 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Required for plastoglobule development and resistance to multiple stresses, Regulates plastoglobule osmiophilic content, May be involved in the transport of lipophilic antioxidants in and out of the plastoglobule


This is Receptor-like protein kinase HERK 1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 830 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor-like protein kinase required for cell elongation during vegetative growth, mostly in a brassinosteroid-(BR-) independent manner

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RING1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 301 amino acids, has 1 RING-type; atypical Zinc finger, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

RING-type; atypical

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may be involved in positive regulation of programmed cell death (PCD) by facilitating degradation of negative regulators of PCD, May be involved in the early steps of the plant defense signaling pathway, Undergoes auto-ubiquitination

Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family, ATL subfamily


This is Soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase 6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 300 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.


This is Histone acetyltransferase of the MYST family 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 445 amino acids, has 1 C2HC MYST-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

C2HC MYST-type

Histone acetyltransferase which may be involved in transcriptional activation, Acetylates 'Lys-5' of histone H4 (H4K5ac) (PubMed:16648464, PubMed:17877703), Essential for gametophyte development (PubMed:19040736), Negative regulator of flowering controlling the H4K5ac levels in the FLC chromatin (PubMed:23273925)


This is Protein LITTLE ZIPPER 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 67 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Competitive inhibitor of the HD-ZIPIII transcription factors in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development, Acts by forming non-functional heterodimers, Part of a negative feedback loop, Involved in SAM development and lateral organ patterning, Essential for proper functioning of stem cells in the SAM


This is Transcription factor PAR2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 118 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Atypical bHLH transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of a variety of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) responses, including seedling elongation and photosynthetic pigment accumulation, Acts as direct transcriptional repressor of two auxin-responsive genes, SAUR15 and SAUR68, May function in integrating shade and hormone transcriptional networks in response to light and auxin changes


This is Citrate synthase 2, peroxisomal protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 514 amino acids, locates in Peroxisome.

Peroxisomal citrate synthase required for the fatty acid respiration in seedlings, citrate being exported from peroxisomes into mitochondria during respiration of triacylglycerol (TAG), Indeed, complete respiration requires the transfer of carbon in the form of citrate from the peroxisome to the mitochondria


This is Transcription factor MYB46 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 280 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription activator, Involved in the regulation of secondary wall biosynthesis in fibers and vessels (PubMed:17890373), Transcription activator of the mannan synthase CSLA9 that recognizes and binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AG][GT]T[AT]GGT[GA]-3' cis-regulatory element of CSLA9 promoter (PubMed:24243147), Transcription factor that acts as molecular switch in the NAC012/SND1-mediated transcriptional network regulating secondary wall biosynthesis, Is directly activated by NAC012/SND1, Functions redundantly with MYB83 in the transcriptional regulatory cascade leading to secondary wall formation in fibers and vessels (PubMed:19808805), Transcription activator that binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-ACC[AT]A[AC][TC]-3', designated as the secondary wall MYB-responsive element (SMRE), Regulates directly numerous transcription factors and a number of genes involved in secondary wall biosynthesis that contain SMRE elements in their promoters (PubMed:22197883), Is an obligate component of the transcriptional regulatory complex toward the commitment of secondary wall cellulose synthesis, Is required for functional expression of the three secondary wall CESA genes, CESA4, CESA7 and CESA8 (PubMed:23726771)


This is PsbP domain-containing protein 6, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 262 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

May be involved in the redox regulation of photosystem II


This is Exocyst complex component SEC15A protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 790 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion, Involved in polarized cell growth and organ morphogenesis, During cytokinesis, involved in cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall


This is Probable LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase IRK protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 964 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone methyltransferase, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 338 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Involved in a key methylation step in both tocopherols (vitamin E) and plastoquinone synthesis, Catalyzes the conversion of 2-methyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (MPBQ) to 2,3-dimethyl-6-phytyl-1,4-hydroquinone (DMPQ, a substrate for tocopherol cyclase), and 2-methyl-6-solanyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MSBQ) to plastoquinone

Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily, MPBQ/MBSQ MT family


This is Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase CYP63 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 570 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Nucleus.

PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins, It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides, May be implicated in the folding, transport, and assembly of proteins, Probably involved in early steps of spliceosomal assembly

Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family


This is Chloroplast stem-loop binding protein of 41 kDa a, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 406 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Binds and cleaves RNA, particularly in stem-loops, Associates with pre-ribosomal particles in chloroplasts, and participates in chloroplast ribosomal RNA metabolism, probably during the final steps of 23S rRNA maturation, May enhance transcription by the plastid-encoded polymerase and translation in plastid via the stabilization of ribosome assembly intermediates, Required for chloroplast integrity, Involved in the regulation of the circadian system

Belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family


This is NADP-dependent malic enzyme 2 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 588 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Protein DETOXIFICATION 41 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 507 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Acts as a flavonoid/H(+)-antiporter that control the vacuolar sequestration of flavonoids in the seed coat endothelium (PubMed:11283341, PubMed:17601828), Could transport the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (PubMed:17601828) and epicatechin 3'-O-glucoside (PubMed:19684242) in vitro

Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2,A,66,1) family


This is 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase small subunit 3 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 253 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate (Probable), Functions redundantly with LEUD1 in the methionine chain elongation pathway of aliphatic glucosinolate formation


This is Inactive leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase CORYNE protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 401 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Involved in the perception of CLV3 and CLV3-like (CLE) peptides, that acts as a extracellular signals regulating meristems maintenance, Modulates root, shoot and flower apical meristems maintenance and floral organ development regulation, probably via CLAVATA (CLV)-like pathways involving at least CLV3 and CLE19, In complex with CLV2, perceives secreted CLV3-like effector proteins from plant-parasitic cyst nematodes as ligand mimics of the plant CLE signaling pathway (PubMed:21265896), This recognition is required for proper feeding structure (syncytium) development and ultimately successful nematode infection (PubMed:21265896), CLE14 perception by CLV2/CRN complex triggers root meristem differentiation (PubMed:20697738, PubMed:28586647), Required for the sensing of the root CLE peptides (e,g, CLE8, CLE9/CLE10, CLE11, CLE13, CLE14, CLE16, CLE17, CLE18, CLE20, CLE21, CLE25, CLE26, CLE40, CLE41/CLE44 and CLE45), which involves also CLV2 and leads to root growth regulation, mostly in the phloem and protophloem (PubMed:28607033), Promotes the accumulation of BAM3, especially at later stages of protophloem development (PubMed:28607033)


This is Protein BTR1 protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 313 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Negative regulator of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) multiplication, but has no effect on the multiplication of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Limits the spreading of the virus (PubMed:18762309), Isoform BTR1S: binds preferentially and directly to the 5'terminal region of ToMV genomic RNA, and affects the efficiency of translation rather than mRNA stability (PubMed:18762309)