Answer the following question given this paragraph: 

Many animals, especially mammals, use metabolic waste heat as a heat source. When muscles are contracted, most of the energy from the ATP used in muscle actions is wasted energy that translates into heat. Severe cold elicits a shivering reflex that generates heat for the body. Many species also have a type of adipose tissue called brown fat that specializes in generating heat.


Q: Shivering and adipose tissue called brown fat are used by mammals in particular to produce what?


A:
heat