Fact 1: Cycles of freezing and thawing water cause ice wedging.

Fact 2: An ordinary ice road is therefore severely damaged by cracks induced by the traffic.

Given the two facts above, answer the question "cycles of freezing and thawing water can cause what?" with the following options: 
- clean county roads
 - exposure to cold
 - severely damaged roads
 - Physical weathering
 - colder weather
 - Metling snow
 - smooth safe roads
 - rough riding


 

   severely damaged roads      