---
license: apache-2.0
datasets:
- kolerk/TON-Math-SFT
language:
- en
metrics:
- accuracy
base_model:
- Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
---


# TON-Math
TON is a series of large language models trained using our efficient algorithm, which automatically decides whether to think or not, based on Qwen2.5-VL. 
We apply Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) for reinforcement learning with "thought dropout" supervised finetuning as a preliminary step.
## Introduction

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven to be an effective post-training strategy for enhancing reasoning in vision–language models (VLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a recent prominent method that encourages models to generate complete reasoning traces before answering, leading to increased token usage and computational cost. Inspired by the human-like thinking process—where people skip reasoning for easy questions but think carefully when needed—we explore how to enable VLMs to first decide *when reasoning is necessary*. To realize this, we propose *TON*, a two-stage training strategy:

1. **(i)** A supervised fine-tuning (SFT) stage with a simple yet effective “**thought dropout**” operation, where reasoning traces are randomly replaced with empty thoughts. This introduces a think-or-not format that serves as a cold start for selective reasoning.
2. **(ii)** A GRPO stage that enables the model to freely explore when to think or not, while maximizing task-aware outcome rewards.

Experimental results show that *TON* can *reduce the completion length by up to **90%** compared to vanilla GRPO, without sacrificing performance or even improving it*. Further evaluations across diverse vision-language tasks—covering a range of reasoning difficulties under both 3B and 7B models—consistently reveal that the *model progressively learns to bypass unnecessary reasoning steps as training advances*. These findings shed light on the path toward human-like reasoning patterns in reinforcement learning approaches.

## Quickstart

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer


example={
  "image": "./Geo170K/images/test/0.png", ### your image path
  "problem": "As shown in the figure, in triangle ABC, it is known that angle A = 80.0, angle B = 60.0, DE parallel  BC, then the size of angle CED is ()",
        
}

def make_conversation_image(example):
        return  {
                'image': example['image'],  # Store path instead of loaded image
                'prompt': [{
                    'role': 'user',
                    'content': [
                        {'type': 'image', 'text': None},
                        {'type': 'text', 'text': example['problem']}
                    ]
                }]
        }

model_name = "kolerk/TON-3B-AITZ"

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    torch_dtype="auto",
    device_map="auto"
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)


text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    make_conversation_image(example),
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True
)
model_inputs = tokenizer([text], return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

generated_ids = model.generate(
    **model_inputs,
    max_new_tokens=4096,
    top_p=0.95,
    top_k=1,
    temperature=0.6
)
generated_ids = [
    output_ids[len(input_ids):] for input_ids, output_ids in zip(model_inputs.input_ids, generated_ids)
]

response = tokenizer.batch_decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True)[0]
print(response)
```

## Evaluation

Run our test Python file in the [code repository](https://github.com/kokolerk/TON/blob/main/src/eval/test_qwen25vl_geoqa.py) for more details.


## Citation

If you find our work helpful, feel free to give us a cite.

```
@misc{wang2025think,
    title={Think or Not? Selective Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Language Models},
    author={Jiaqi Wang and Kevin Qinghong Lin and James Cheng and Mike Zheng Shou},
    year={2025},
    eprint={2505.16854},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.AI}
}
```