Your task is to classify sentences from 19th century British newspaper articles. Assign a 1 if the sentence explicitly names or clearly describes a specific, identifiable non-British human group (including Irish) AND provides some information directly pertaining to that group within the sentence itself (such as their actions, characteristics, culture, location, or experiences). Otherwise, assign a 0. The primary goal is to identify sentences containing these direct references to specific groups for later study. Judgments must be based on information explicitly present or unambiguously established within the sentence itself. OCR errors may be present; if they render group identification or the information about them indeterminable, classify as '0'.

Criteria for Classification '1' (Contains Explicit Reference to a Specific Non-British Group with Attributed Information)

A sentence warrants a 1 if it meets BOTH of the following conditions clearly within its own text:

    Clear Identification of a Specific Non-British Human Group: The group is identified by:

        A demonym (e.g., "Maori," "Tartars," "Japanese," "Aztecs," "Maviti," "Aymara Indians," "Greeks," "Babis," "Irishmen," "Portuguese," "Servian," "Mexicans," "Ashantees," "Europeans").

        An unambiguous descriptive phrase that specifies a particular human group (e.g., "the hill tribes of Assam," "Fijian islanders," "the native tribes of Peru," "Pacific islanders," "rural Irish communities," "nomadic peoples of the Sahara," "the people of India," "catholic laity and clergy of Ireland," "Irish Members of Parliament," "captured Negroes," "Mohammedan population," "American privateers," "Calpee rebels," "natives" [when linked to a specific non-British location within the sentence, e.g., "natives of Attock"]). The core of the phrase must refer to people. Political, religious, or social organizations are included if the reference is clearly to their members as a human collective or if the organization's name itself inherently denotes a specific human group and its members are being described (e.g., "the Babis," "the Irish Party," "Jesuits" implied by "Jesuitical").

    Attributed Information or Context: The sentence provides some specific information directly related to this clearly identified group. This could be:

        Their actions, behaviors, or practices (e.g., "...the Ashan-tees, who plundered... ," "...American privateers...would immediately fall a sacrifice...").

        Their characteristics or descriptions (e.g., "...the Mexicans have marvellous little [energy]... ," "...Europeans in general are not familiarly acquainted...").

        Their customs, culture, beliefs, or social structures (e.g., an omission described as "Jesuitical").

        Their location or environment, if the sentence links them specifically to it (e.g., "...a guard of natives commanded by Futteh Khan Khutthk" [linking "natives" to their role and command structure in a specific location]).

        Their experiences or conditions (e.g., "catholic priest...not...bharged with any offence").

        Their interaction with others or involvement in events (e.g., "...engagements were with Calpee rebels").

        Reference to their distinct cultural/linguistic products if it characterizes them.

        Their involvement in events or conflicts named after them (e.g., "the Maori war" implying Maori involvement and cost, or actions of "rebels" from a specific place).

Criteria for Classification '0' (Does NOT Meet Both Criteria for '1')

Assign 0 if the sentence fails to meet both conditions for a '1'. Common reasons include:

    No Specific Human Group Explicitly Identified: The sentence does not contain a demonym or a clear, specific descriptive phrase for a non-British human group.

    Place Names Instead of Explicit Human Group References: Refers to a country, region, or place name (e.g., "Peru," "India," "Egypt," "Upper Canada," "Transvaal") without also explicitly identifying its people via a demonym, a phrase like "the people of [X]," "the [nationality] inhabitants/population," or a qualifying clear descriptive phrase focusing on the human inhabitants within the sentence. Personification of a country (e.g., "Peru on her side seemed apprehensive") is 0.

    Vague/General Human References: Uses terms like "the men," "inhabitants," "local people," "communities," "all women," "their customs," "memorialists," "they" without sufficient in-sentence specification to link them directly and unambiguously to a particular, identifiable non-British human group.

    Information Not Clearly Attributed to an Identified Group: A group might be named generally, but the specific assertion isn't directly about them or their attributes within the sentence.

    Reference to an Organization Primarily as an Entity: The sentence discusses an organization (e.g., "The National League," "the Govtinm~nt of...United States of America") as a singular entity, focusing on its official actions, status, or abstract qualities, rather than the collective actions, characteristics, or experiences of its human members as a group, unless the organization's name inherently signifies a human group being described.

    Focus Solely on Environment/Location without linking it to a specific, identified group's actions/presence there.

    Focus Solely on British Subjects (unless the sentence also meets criteria for a non-British group): E.g., sentences about British political parties ("Liberals"), British military units ("9th Regiment"), or general references to "the Crown's" subjects without specifying a non-British component.

    Focus Solely on Individuals without the sentence primarily using them to characterize an explicitly named/described group.

    OCR Obscurity making group identification or attributed information unclear.

    Default to '0': In cases of ambiguity regarding either the clear identification of a specific group or the attribution of information to that specific group within the sentence, classify as '0'.

Key Clarifications on Evidence and Context

    Strict Sentence-Internal Evidence: Base decisions on information within the sentence. Do not use article titles or broader external context to identify the group or make general terms specific. The sentence itself must contain the explicit group reference and the attributed information.

    Grammatical Role is Not Decisive: The identified group does not need to be the grammatical subject. Their explicit mention with attributed information/context is key.

Calibration Examples (Drawn from Parliamentary Speech Sentences):

Positive Examples (Classification: 1)

    Sentence ID: 0000231_18240621_0002-008_28

        Sentence: "7—while the Ashan- tees, who plundered the camp next day, took ten barrels of ball-cartridges, with a great quantity of other booty."

        Reason: "Ashan- tees" (demonym for a specific non-British human group) are explicitly named, and the sentence provides information directly pertaining to their actions ("plundered the camp next day, took ten barrels of ball-cartridges...").

    Sentence ID: 0000399_18470911_0002-017_14

        Sentence: "Bombast and exaggerated sentiment there is in abundance, and perhaps enough of virtuous anger and mortification at the presonce of the invader, but of energy in ac- tion the Mexicans have marvellous little, or of the courage that screws itself to the sticking-place."

        Reason: "Mexicans" (demonym) are explicitly named, and the sentence provides information directly pertaining to their characteristics ("have marvellous little" "of energy in ac- tion... or of the courage...").

    Sentence ID: WO1_CWPR_1804_10_27-0011-003_42

        Sentence: "Indeed, I can testify, that at no oifl of a great number of-assizes, that I havi at- tended, have I ever observed a catholic priest bharged with any offence, or even a party in a civil action.--Frol this cursoty view of the catholic laity and clergy of Te- land, I proceed to shvow, what has been done by our ministeIr towards 6aining the active co-operation of this- irnint-nse force."

        Reason: "catholic priest" and "catholic laity and clergy of Te- land" (Ireland, specific non-British human groups described by religious affiliation and location) are explicitly mentioned with information about their experiences (priest not observed charged) and the speaker's view/intentions towards them (gaining cooperation of laity/clergy).

    Sentence ID: 0000546_18151201_0053-022_14

        Sentence: "To the demand of the Viceroy for the removal ot the ships of war, the Committee urged, that the measura could not be resorted to, without endanger- ing the fate of many valuable Indiamen and private traders, hourly arriving in the river; which, if deprived of protection, would immediately fall a sacrifice to nume- rous American privateers on the station."

        Reason: "American privateers" (specific descriptive phrase: demonym + role, for a non-British human group) are explicitly mentioned with information about their presence ("on the station"), quantity ("nume-rous"), and potential actions/threat ("fall a sacrifice to").

    Sentence ID: SDLN-1839-09-23-0002-012_98 (Hard Positive)

        Sentence: "The object of this Jesuitical omission cannot be mistaken."

        Reason: "Jesuitical" clearly implies the actions/characteristics of "Jesuits" (a specific religious order/human group whose members are being characterized). The sentence attributes an action/characteristic ("Jesuitical omission") and an implication about its nature ("object...cannot be mistaken") directly to the group's perceived behavior.

    Sentence ID: WO1_DNLN_1857_07_15-0005-010_135 (Hard Positive)

        Sentence: "The ferry 'at Attock,l by which the communication with Lahore is secured, w as placed under a guard of natives commanded by Futteh Khan Khutthk."

        Reason: "natives" (in the context of Attock/Lahore, specific non-British locations mentioned in the sentence) unambiguously refers to a non-British human group. The sentence provides information about their role/organization ("a guard of natives commanded by Futteh Khan Khutthk").

Negative Examples (Classification: 0)

    Sentence ID: 0000459_18381214_0001-002_2

        Sentence: "The rebellion has extended to Upper Canada."

        Reason: Refers to a place ("Upper Canada") and an event ("rebellion") without explicitly identifying its people (e.g., "Canadians") or attributing information directly to them within the sentence.

    Sentence ID: MOPT-1880-10-22-0004-016_76

        Sentence: "The immense majority which the Liberals gained was distinctly th) result of the better organisation of their forces and of the unceasing efforts which they made to misrepresent the policy aai the acts of Lord Beaconsfield's Admini- stration, and to hold up the late Prime Minister and his colleagues to the hatred of the country as the enemies of ita best interests."

        Reason: The sentence focuses on a British political party ("Liberals") and British political administration, not a non-British human group with attributed information.

    Sentence ID: WO1_HPTE_1857_07_18-0007-026_96 (Hard Negative)

        Sentence: "The resolution of the Paris Congress had been communicated by the parties thereto to all the other maritime States, and, among others, to thst United States of America, the Govtinm~nt of whicil replied that they were ready to agree to the proposition pro- vided private property at sea was to be no longer sub- ject to capture."

        Reason: Refers to "the Govtinm~nt of...United States of America" as an organization/entity and its official reply, not to "Americans" or "the people of the United States" as a human collective with information about their characteristics or actions as a group.

    Sentence ID: DUCR-1899-05-18-0005-050_48 (Hard Negative)

        Sentence: "Tbe Press Association is officially informed that news has been received at the Colonial Office con- firming tbe report of the arrests for alleged high treason in the Transvaal."

        Reason: Mentions a place ("Transvaal") and an event ("arrests for alleged high treason"). No specific non-British human group is explicitly identified within the sentence to whom this information is attributed.

    Sentence ID: 0000265_19001013_0004-015_21

        Sentence: "They seem to have no alternative but to starve or surrender."

        Reason: "They" is a vague human reference. Without prior sentence context (which is disallowed by strict sentence-internal evidence rule), the specific non-British group is not identified within this sentence.

    Sentence ID: WO1_MCLN_1804_09_12-0002-003_0

        Sentence: "N~twithfanding the late brilliant, and as, was fup."

        Reason: OCR error renders the sentence indeterminable for group identification or attributed information.

Return results as a CSV table with three columns exactly: sentence_id,sentence,classification.

I'd appreciate a high degree of meticulousness and thoughtfulness in completing this task.