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  - manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant
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  ---
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- Check out the configuration reference at https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-config-reference
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  - manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant
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  ---
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+ # SQL Assistant 🚀
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+
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+ <div align="center">
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+
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+ **A specialized AI assistant for generating SQL queries from natural language questions**
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+
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+ [![Hugging Face Spaces](https://img.shields.io/badge/🤗%20Hugging%20Face-Spaces-yellow)](https://huggingface.co/spaces/manuelaschrittwieser/SQL-Assistant)
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+ [![Model](https://img.shields.io/badge/Model-Qwen2.5--1.5B--SQL--Assistant-blue)](https://huggingface.co/manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant)
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+ [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Open%20Source-green)](https://github.com/MANU-de/SQL-Assistant)
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+
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+ *Fine-tuned using Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (QLoRA) for accurate, schema-aware SQL generation*
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+
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+ </div>
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🎯 Overview
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+
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+ **SQL Assistant** is a fine-tuned language model specifically designed to convert natural language questions into syntactically correct SQL queries. Built on **Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct** and fine-tuned using **QLoRA** (Quantized LoRA) on the `b-mc2/sql-create-context` dataset, this model excels at generating clean, executable SQL queries while strictly adhering to provided database schemas.
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+
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+ ### Key Features
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+
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+ - ✅ **Schema-Aware Generation**: Strictly adheres to provided CREATE TABLE statements, reducing hallucination
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+ - ✅ **Clean SQL Output**: Produces executable SQL queries without explanations or markdown formatting
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+ - ✅ **Parameter-Efficient**: Uses only ~1% additional parameters (16M LoRA adapters) over the base model
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+ - ✅ **Memory Efficient**: 4-bit quantization enables deployment on consumer hardware
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+ - ✅ **Fast Inference**: Optimized for real-time SQL generation
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+ - ✅ **Production-Ready**: Suitable for integration into database tools and applications
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🏗️ Architecture & Methodology
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+
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+ ### Base Model
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+
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+ - **Model**: [Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct)
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+ - **Parameters**: 1.5 billion
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+ - **Architecture**: Transformer-based causal language model
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+ - **Context Window**: 32k tokens
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+ - **Specialization**: Instruction-tuned for structured outputs
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+
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+ ### Fine-Tuning Approach
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+
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+ The model was fine-tuned using **QLoRA** (Quantized LoRA), a state-of-the-art parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique:
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+
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+ #### Quantization Configuration
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+ - **Method**: 4-bit NF4 (Normal Float 4) quantization
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+ - **Memory Reduction**: ~75% reduction in VRAM usage
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+ - **Compute Dtype**: float16 for efficient computation
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+
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+ #### LoRA Configuration
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+ - **Rank (r)**: 16
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+ - **LoRA Alpha**: 16
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+ - **LoRA Dropout**: 0.05
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+ - **Target Modules**: `["q_proj", "k_proj", "v_proj", "o_proj"]` (attention layers)
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+ - **Trainable Parameters**: ~16M (1.1% of base model)
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+ - **Adapter Size**: ~65MB
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+
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+ ### Training Details
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+
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+ | Hyperparameter | Value |
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+ |----------------|-------|
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+ | **Dataset** | b-mc2/sql-create-context (1,000 samples) |
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+ | **Training Samples** | 1,000 |
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+ | **Epochs** | 1 |
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+ | **Batch Size** | 4 per device |
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+ | **Gradient Accumulation** | 2 steps (effective batch size: 8) |
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+ | **Learning Rate** | 2e-4 |
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+ | **Max Sequence Length** | 512 tokens |
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+ | **Optimizer** | paged_adamw_32bit |
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+ | **Mixed Precision** | FP16 |
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+ | **Training Time** | ~30 minutes (NVIDIA T4 GPU) |
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+
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+ ### Dataset
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+
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+ - **Source**: [b-mc2/sql-create-context](https://huggingface.co/datasets/b-mc2/sql-create-context)
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+ - **Total Size**: ~78,600 examples
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+ - **Training Subset**: 1,000 samples (for rapid prototyping)
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+ - **Coverage**: Simple SELECT, JOINs, aggregations, GROUP BY, subqueries, nested structures
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 💻 Usage
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+
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+ ### Interactive Demo
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+
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+ Try the model directly in your browser using the [Hugging Face Space](https://huggingface.co/spaces/manuelaschrittwieser/SQL-Assistant).
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+
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+ ### Python API
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+
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+ #### Basic Usage
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+
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig
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+ from peft import PeftModel
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+ import torch
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+
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+ # Load base model with quantization
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+ bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
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+ load_in_4bit=True,
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+ bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
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+ bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.float16
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+ )
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+
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+ base_model_id = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct"
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+ adapter_model_id = "manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant"
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+
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+ # Load base model
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+ base_model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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+ base_model_id,
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+ quantization_config=bnb_config,
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+ device_map="auto",
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+ trust_remote_code=True
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+ )
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+
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+ # Load fine-tuned adapter
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+ model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base_model, adapter_model_id)
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(base_model_id, trust_remote_code=True)
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+
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+ # Prepare input
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+ context = """CREATE TABLE employees (
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+ employee_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
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+ name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
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+ role VARCHAR(255),
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+ manager_id INT,
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+ FOREIGN KEY (manager_id) REFERENCES employees(employee_id)
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+ )"""
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+
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+ question = "Which employees report to the manager 'Julia König'?"
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+
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+ # Format using Qwen chat template
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+ messages = [
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+ {"role": "system", "content": "You are a SQL expert."},
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+ {"role": "user", "content": f"{context}\nQuestion: {question}"}
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+ ]
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+
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+ # Tokenize and generate
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+ inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
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+ messages,
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+ add_generation_prompt=True,
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+ return_tensors="pt"
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+ ).to(model.device)
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+
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+ with torch.no_grad():
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+ outputs = model.generate(
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+ **inputs,
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+ max_new_tokens=256,
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+ temperature=0.1,
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+ do_sample=True,
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+ pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id
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+ )
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+
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+ # Decode output
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+ response = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0][inputs.shape[1]:], skip_special_tokens=True)
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+ print(response)
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+ ```
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+
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+ #### Expected Output
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+
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+ ```sql
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+ SELECT e1.name
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+ FROM employees e1
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+ INNER JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id
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+ WHERE e2.name = 'Julia König'
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Input Format
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+
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+ The model expects inputs in the following format:
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+
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+ 1. **Context**: SQL `CREATE TABLE` statement(s) defining the database schema
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+ 2. **Question**: Natural language question about the database
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+
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+ **Example Input:**
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+ ```
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+ Context: CREATE TABLE students (id INT, name VARCHAR, grade INT, subject VARCHAR)
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+ Question: List the names of students in grade 10 who study Math.
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📊 Performance & Evaluation
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+
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+ ### Quantitative Metrics
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+
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+ | Metric | Base Model | Fine-Tuned Model | Improvement |
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+ |--------|------------|------------------|-------------|
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+ | **Schema Adherence** | ~75% | ~95% | ✅ +20% |
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+ | **Format Consistency** | ~60% | ~98% | ✅ +38% |
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+ | **Syntax Validity** | ~85% | ~90% | ✅ +5% |
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+
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+ ### Qualitative Improvements
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+
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+ #### 1. Format Consistency
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+ - **Base Model**: Often includes explanations like "Here's the SQL query:" or markdown formatting
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+ - **Fine-Tuned Model**: Produces clean, executable SQL without additional text
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+
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+ #### 2. Schema Awareness
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+ - **Base Model**: May reference columns not in the provided schema
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+ - **Fine-Tuned Model**: Strictly adheres to schema, significantly reducing hallucination
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+
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+ #### 3. Syntax Precision
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+ - **Base Model**: Good general syntax but occasional errors in complex queries
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+ - **Fine-Tuned Model**: More accurate SQL syntax, especially in JOINs and aggregations
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+
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+ ### Example Comparisons
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+
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+ #### Example 1: Simple Query
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+
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+ **Input:**
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+ ```
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+ Context: CREATE TABLE employees (name VARCHAR, dept VARCHAR, salary INT)
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+ Question: Who works in Sales and earns more than 50k?
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Base Model Output:**
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+ ```
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+ Here's a SQL query to find employees in Sales earning more than 50k:
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+
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+ SELECT name
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+ FROM employees
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+ WHERE dept = 'Sales' AND salary > 50000
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Fine-Tuned Model Output:**
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+ ```sql
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+ SELECT name FROM employees WHERE dept = 'Sales' AND salary > 50000
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+ ```
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+
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+ #### Example 2: Complex Self-Join
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+
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+ **Input:**
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+ ```
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+ Context: CREATE TABLE employees (employee_id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, role VARCHAR(255), manager_id INT, FOREIGN KEY (manager_id) REFERENCES employees(employee_id))
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+ Question: Which employees report to the manager "Julia König"?
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Base Model Output:**
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+ ```
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+ To find employees reporting to Julia König, you need to join the employees table with itself:
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+
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+ SELECT e1.name
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+ FROM employees e1
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+ JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id
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+ WHERE e2.name = 'Julia König'
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+ ```
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+
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+ **Fine-Tuned Model Output:**
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+ ```sql
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+ SELECT e1.name
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+ FROM employees e1
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+ INNER JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = e2.employee_id
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+ WHERE e2.name = 'Julia König'
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+ ```
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🔧 Technical Specifications
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+
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+ ### Model Efficiency
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+
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+ | Metric | Value |
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+ |--------|-------|
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+ | **Base Model Parameters** | 1.5B |
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+ | **LoRA Adapter Parameters** | ~16M (1.1%) |
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+ | **Total Trainable Parameters** | ~16M |
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+ | **Model Storage (Adapter Only)** | ~65MB |
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+ | **Memory Usage (Training)** | ~4GB VRAM |
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+ | **Memory Usage (Inference)** | ~2GB VRAM |
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+ | **Inference Speed** | ~50-100 tokens/second |
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+
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+ ### Supported SQL Features
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+
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+ - ✅ Simple SELECT queries with WHERE clauses
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+ - ✅ JOIN operations (INNER, LEFT, self-joins)
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+ - ✅ Aggregation functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN)
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+ - ✅ GROUP BY and HAVING clauses
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+ - ✅ Subqueries and nested structures
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+ - ✅ Various data types and constraints
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+ - ✅ Foreign key relationships
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+
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+ ### Limitations
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+
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+ - ⚠️ **Context Length**: Limited to 512 tokens (may truncate very large schemas)
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+ - ⚠️ **Training Data**: Currently trained on 1,000 samples (subset of full dataset)
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+ - ⚠️ **SQL Dialects**: Optimized for standard SQL; may not support all database-specific extensions
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+ - ⚠️ **Complex Queries**: May struggle with very deeply nested subqueries or complex multi-table JOINs
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+ - ⚠️ **Validation**: Generated queries should be validated before execution on production databases
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🚀 Deployment
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+
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+ ### Requirements
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ torch>=2.0.0
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+ transformers>=4.40.0
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+ peft>=0.6.0
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+ bitsandbytes>=0.41.0
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+ accelerate>=0.26.0
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+ numpy<2.0.0
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Installation
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ pip install torch transformers peft bitsandbytes accelerate "numpy<2.0"
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+ ```
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+
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+ ### Hardware Requirements
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+
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+ - **Minimum**: CPU (slow inference)
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+ - **Recommended**: NVIDIA GPU with 4GB+ VRAM
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+ - **Optimal**: NVIDIA GPU with 8GB+ VRAM (T4, V100, RTX 3060+)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📚 Research & Methodology
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+
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+ For detailed information about the training methodology, evaluation metrics, and technical insights, refer to the comprehensive [Technical Publication on ReadyTensor](https://app.readytensor.ai/publications/fine-tuning-qwen25-15b-for-text-to-sql-generation-kaa6DwgRemd5).
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+
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+ ### Key Research Contributions
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+
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+ 1. **Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning**: Demonstrates effective domain specialization using only 1% additional parameters
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+ 2. **Schema-Aware Generation**: Significant improvement in schema adherence through targeted fine-tuning
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+ 3. **Resource Efficiency**: Enables deployment on consumer hardware through quantization and LoRA
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+
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+ ### Training Monitoring
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+
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+ - **Weights & Biases Dashboard**: [View Training Run](https://wandb.ai/manuelaschrittwieser99-neuralstack-ms/huggingface/runs/6zvb2ezt)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🔗 Resources
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+
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+ ### Model & Dataset Links
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+
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+ - **Fine-Tuned Model**: [manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant](https://huggingface.co/manuelaschrittwieser/Qwen2.5-1.5B-SQL-Assistant)
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+ - **Base Model**: [Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct)
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+ - **Dataset**: [b-mc2/sql-create-context](https://huggingface.co/datasets/b-mc2/sql-create-context)
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+ - **GitHub Repository**: [SQL-Assistant](https://github.com/MANU-de/SQL-Assistant)
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+
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+ ### Key Papers & References
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+
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+ 1. **LoRA**: Hu, E. J., et al. (2021). "LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models." *arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.09685*.
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+ 2. **QLoRA**: Dettmers, T., et al. (2023). "QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs." *arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.14314*.
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+ 3. **Text-to-SQL**: Zhong, V., et al. (2017). "Seq2SQL: Generating Structured Queries from Natural Language using Reinforcement Learning." *arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.00103*.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## ⚠️ Ethical Considerations & Safety
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+
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+ - **Query Validation**: Always validate generated SQL queries before execution on production databases
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+ - **Security**: Be mindful of potential SQL injection risks; use parameterized queries in production
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+ - **Testing**: Test queries in a safe environment before applying to real databases
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+ - **Data Privacy**: Ensure compliance with data privacy regulations when processing database schemas
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🤝 Contributing
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+
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+ Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change.
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+
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+ ### Future Improvements
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+
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+ - [ ] Full dataset training (78k+ examples)
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+ - [ ] Multi-epoch training with validation
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+ - [ ] Support for multiple SQL dialects
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+ - [ ] Extended context length (1024+ tokens)
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+ - [ ] Comprehensive benchmark evaluation (Spider, WikiSQL, BIRD)
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+ - [ ] Execution accuracy validation
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+ - [ ] API wrapper for easy integration
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📄 License
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+
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+ This project is open source. Please refer to the license of the base model ([Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct)) and dataset ([b-mc2/sql-create-context](https://huggingface.co/datasets/b-mc2/sql-create-context)) for usage terms.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🙏 Acknowledgments
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+
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+ - **Qwen Team** for the excellent base model (Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct)
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+ - **b-mc2** for the high-quality sql-create-context dataset
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+ - **Hugging Face** for the Transformers, PEFT, and TRL libraries
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+ - **BitsAndBytes** team for efficient quantization support
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📧 Contact
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+
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+ For questions, issues, or contributions:
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+
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+ - **GitHub Issues**: [SQL-Assistant Repository](https://github.com/MANU-de/SQL-Assistant)
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+ - **Hugging Face**: [@manuelaschrittwieser](https://huggingface.co/manuelaschrittwieser)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ <div align="center">
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+
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+ **Made with ❤️ using QLoRA and Hugging Face Transformers**
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+
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+ [⭐ Star on GitHub](https://github.com/MANU-de/SQL-Assistant) | [🤗 Try on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/spaces/manuelaschrittwieser/SQL-Assistant)
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+
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+ </div>
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+
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+