### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests.java
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformConfigTests;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformIndexerPosition;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformIndexerStats;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformProgress;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformStoredDoc;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformTaskState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.persistence.TransformInternalIndexConstants;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.TransformServices;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.checkpoint.CheckpointProvider;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.checkpoint.TransformCheckpointService;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.notifications.TransformAuditor;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.persistence.InMemoryTransformConfigManager;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.persistence.SeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.persistence.TransformConfigManager;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.transforms.scheduling.TransformScheduler;
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
public class TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests extends ESTestCase {