### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/ClientTransformIndexer.java
responseListener.onResponse(null);
            }, e -> {
                if (e instanceof IndexNotFoundException) {
                    
                    responseListener.onResponse(null);
                    return;
                }
                responseListener.onFailure(e);
            })
        );
    }
    @Override
    void doGetInitialProgress(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener) {
        ClientHelper.executeWithHeadersAsync(
            transformConfig.getHeaders(),
            ClientHelper.TRANSFORM_ORIGIN,
            client,
            SearchAction.INSTANCE,
            request,
            responseListener
        );
    }
    @Override
    void doGetFieldMappings(ActionListener<Map<String, String>> fieldMappingsListener) {
        SchemaUtil.getDestinationFieldMappings(client, getConfig().getDestination().getIndex(), fieldMappingsListener);
    }
    void validate(ActionListener<Void> listener) {
        ClientHelper.executeAsyncWithOrigin(
            client,
            ClientHelper.TRANSFORM_ORIGIN,