### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/ClientTransformIndexer.java
searchRequest.source().pointInTimeBuilder(pit);
            listener.onResponse(namedSearchRequest);
            return;
        }
        
        OpenPointInTimeRequest pitRequest = new OpenPointInTimeRequest(searchRequest.indices()).keepAlive(PIT_KEEP_ALIVE);
        
        pitRequest.indexFilter(transformConfig.getSource().getQueryConfig().getQuery());
        ClientHelper.executeWithHeadersAsync(
            transformConfig.getHeaders(),
            ClientHelper.TRANSFORM_ORIGIN,
            client,
            OpenPointInTimeAction.INSTANCE,
            pitRequest,
            ActionListener.wrap(response -> {
                PointInTimeBuilder newPit = new PointInTimeBuilder(response.getPointInTimeId()).setKeepAlive(PIT_KEEP_ALIVE);
                namedPits.put(namedSearchRequest.v1(), newPit);
                searchRequest.source().pointInTimeBuilder(newPit);
                pitCheckpoint = getNextCheckpoint().getCheckpoint();
                logger.trace(
                    "[{}] using pit search context with id [{}]; request [{}]",
                    getJobId(),
                    newPit.getEncodedId(),
                    namedSearchRequest.v1()
                );
                listener.onResponse(namedSearchRequest);
            }, e -> {
                Throwable unwrappedException = ExceptionsHelper.findSearchExceptionRootCause(e);
                
                if (unwrappedException instanceof ResourceNotFoundException) {