### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

airflow/models/taskinstance.py
"""
    Simplified Task Instance.
    Used to send data between processes via Queues.
    """
    def __init__(self, ti: TaskInstance):
        self._dag_id: str = ti.dag_id
        self._task_id: str = ti.task_id
        self._run_id: datetime = ti.run_id
        self._start_date: datetime = ti.start_date
        self._end_date: datetime = ti.end_date
        self._try_number: int = ti.try_number
        self._state: str = ti.state
        self._executor_config: Any = ti.executor_config
        self._run_as_user: Optional[str] = None
        if hasattr(ti, 'run_as_user'):
            self._run_as_user = ti.run_as_user
        self._pool: str = ti.pool
        self._priority_weight: Optional[int] = None
        if hasattr(ti, 'priority_weight'):
            self._priority_weight = ti.priority_weight
        self._queue: str = ti.queue
        self._key = ti.key
    @property
    def dag_id(self) -> str: