https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/12139 added some new params to the scheduler -- we have "cursory" docs for them in the comments in the config file, but we should have a more details docs in the scheduler.rst page.
airflow/jobs/scheduler_job.py
self, states: List[str], session: Session = None
    ) -> Tuple[DefaultDict[str, int], DefaultDict[Tuple[str, str], int]]:
        """
        Get the concurrency maps.
        :param states: List of states to query for
        :type states: list[airflow.utils.state.State]
        :return: A map from (dag_id, task_id) to # of task instances and
         a map from (dag_id, task_id) to # of task instances in the given state list
        :rtype: tuple[dict[str, int], dict[tuple[str, str], int]]
        """
        ti_concurrency_query: List[Tuple[str, str, int]] = (
            session.query(TI.task_id, TI.dag_id, func.count('*'))
            .filter(TI.state.in_(states))
            .group_by(TI.task_id, TI.dag_id)
        ).all()
        dag_map: DefaultDict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
        task_map: DefaultDict[Tuple[str, str], int] = defaultdict(int)
        for result in ti_concurrency_query:
            task_id, dag_id, count = result
            dag_map[dag_id] += count
            task_map[(dag_id, task_id)] = count
        return dag_map, task_map
    
    @provide_session
    def _executable_task_instances_to_queued(self, max_tis: int, session: Session = None) -> List[TI]:
        """
        Finds TIs that are ready for execution with respect to pool limits,
        dag concurrency, executor state, and priority.
        :param max_tis: Maximum number of TIs to queue in this loop.