### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.indexing.AsyncTwoPhaseIndexer;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.indexing.IndexerState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.indexing.IterationResult;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.TransformMessages;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.SettingsConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformCheckpoint;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformIndexerPosition;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformIndexerStats;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformProgress;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformTaskState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.utils.ExceptionsHelper;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.TransformServices;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.checkpoint.CheckpointProvider;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.notifications.TransformAuditor;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.persistence.TransformConfigManager;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.transforms.Function.ChangeCollector;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.transforms.RetentionPolicyToDeleteByQueryRequestConverter.RetentionPolicyException;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import static org.elasticsearch.core.Strings.format;
public abstract class TransformIndexer extends AsyncTwoPhaseIndexer<TransformIndexerPosition, TransformIndexerStats> {