There is another issue open for the same test: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/91447 however it has a different failure. I am not sure if they are related to I am opening this one to be able to track both.

**Build scan:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/cuzzl3scxneo4/tests/:server:internalClusterTest/org.elasticsearch.discovery.ClusterDisruptionIT/testAckedIndexing

**Reproduction line:**
```
./gradlew ':server:internalClusterTest' --tests "org.elasticsearch.discovery.ClusterDisruptionIT.testAckedIndexing" -Dtests.seed=90D53A438FBF29C9 -Dtests.locale=en-NZ -Dtests.timezone=Canada/Yukon -Druntime.java=17
```

**Applicable branches:**
main

**Reproduces locally?:**
No

**Failure history:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/scans/tests?tests.container=org.elasticsearch.discovery.ClusterDisruptionIT&tests.test=testAckedIndexing

**Failure excerpt:**
```
java.lang.AssertionError: pending combined bytes [266] bytes on node [node_t1].

  at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([90D53A438FBF29C9:1A148EB0D3C2CF82]:0)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.InternalTestCluster.lambda$assertAllPendingWriteLimitsReleased$11(InternalTestCluster.java:1281)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase.assertBusy(ESTestCase.java:1112)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.InternalTestCluster.assertAllPendingWriteLimitsReleased(InternalTestCluster.java:1276)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.InternalTestCluster.beforeIndexDeletion(InternalTestCluster.java:1270)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.beforeIndexDeletion(ESIntegTestCase.java:609)
  at org.elasticsearch.discovery.AbstractDisruptionTestCase.beforeIndexDeletion(AbstractDisruptionTestCase.java:99)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.afterInternal(ESIntegTestCase.java:579)
  at org.elasticsearch.test.ESIntegTestCase.cleanUpCluster(ESIntegTestCase.java:2242)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor26.invoke(null:-1)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.invoke(RandomizedRunner.java:1758)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$10.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:1004)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleSetupTeardownChained$1.evaluate(TestRuleSetupTeardownChained.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleThreadAndTestName$1.evaluate(TestRuleThreadAndTestName.java:45)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:390)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.forkTimeoutingTask(ThreadLeakControl.java:843)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$3.evaluate(ThreadLeakControl.java:490)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.runSingleTest(RandomizedRunner.java:955)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$5.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:840)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$6.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:891)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$7.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:902)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleStoreClassName$1.evaluate(TestRuleStoreClassName.java:38)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleAssertionsRequired$1.evaluate(TestRuleAssertionsRequired.java:53)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites.java:47)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:390)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.lambda$forkTimeoutingTask$0(ThreadLeakControl.java:850)
  at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
```

There are multiple exceptions like one below in the log:
```
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: [test][0] operation primary term [1] is too old (current [2])
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.lambda$innerAcquireReplicaOperationPermit$32(IndexShard.java:3534) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.action.ActionListener$DelegatingFailureActionListener.onResponse(ActionListener.java:245) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardOperationPermits.acquire(IndexShardOperationPermits.java:252) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardOperationPermits.acquire(IndexShardOperationPermits.java:198) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.lambda$acquireReplicaOperationPermit$30(IndexShard.java:3475) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.innerAcquireReplicaOperationPermit(IndexShard.java:3587) ~[main/:?]
	at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShard.acquireReplicaOperationPermit(IndexShard.java:3469) ~[main/:?]
```
server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/transport/Transport.java
/**
         * The node this connection is associated with
         */
        DiscoveryNode getNode();
        /**
         * Sends the request to the node this connection is associated with
         * @param requestId see {@link ResponseHandlers#add(ResponseContext)} for details
         * @param action the action to execute
         * @param request the request to send
         * @param options request options to apply
         * @throws NodeNotConnectedException if the given node is not connected
         */
        void sendRequest(long requestId, String action, TransportRequest request, TransportRequestOptions options) throws IOException,
            TransportException;
        /**
         * The listener's {@link ActionListener#onResponse(Object)} method will be called when this
         * connection is closed. No implementations currently throw an exception during close, so
         * {@link ActionListener#onFailure(Exception)} will not be called.
         *
         * @param listener to be called
         */