### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests.java
listener
                ),
                r -> {
                    assertThat(state.get(), equalTo(TransformTaskState.STARTED));
                    assertThat(indexer.getStatePersistenceFailures(), equalTo(0));
                }
            );
            
            this.<SeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex>assertAsync(
                listener -> configManager.putOrUpdateTransformStoredDoc(
                    new TransformStoredDoc(
                        config.getId(),
                        new TransformState(TransformTaskState.STARTED, IndexerState.INDEXING, null, 42, null, null, null, false, null),
                        indexer.getStats()
                    ),
                    indexer.getSeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex(),
                    listener
                ),
                seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex -> assertThat(
                    seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex.getSeqNo(),
                    equalTo(indexer.getSeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex().getSeqNo() + 1)
                )
            );
            
            this.<Void>assertAsyncFailure(
                listener -> indexer.persistState(
                    new TransformState(TransformTaskState.STARTED, IndexerState.INDEXING, null, 42, null, null, null, false, null),
                    listener
                ),
                e -> {