**Build scan:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/vsnco5lyqpo3c/tests/:server:test/org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardTests/testScheduledRefresh

**Reproduction line:**
```
./gradlew ':server:test' --tests "org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardTests.testScheduledRefresh" -Dtests.seed=72D17F6136232683 -Dtests.locale=es-HN -Dtests.timezone=America/Buenos_Aires -Druntime.java=20
```

**Applicable branches:**
main

**Reproduces locally?:**
No

**Failure history:**
https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/scans/tests?tests.container=org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardTests&tests.test=testScheduledRefresh

**Failure excerpt:**
```
java.lang.AssertionError: (No message provided)

  at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([72D17F6136232683:84443C8B62B9FD0A]:0)
  at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:86)
  at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:41)
  at org.junit.Assert.assertTrue(Assert.java:52)
  at org.elasticsearch.index.shard.IndexShardTests.testScheduledRefresh(IndexShardTests.java:3854)
  at jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:104)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:578)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.invoke(RandomizedRunner.java:1758)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$8.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:946)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$9.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:982)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$10.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:996)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleSetupTeardownChained$1.evaluate(TestRuleSetupTeardownChained.java:48)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleThreadAndTestName$1.evaluate(TestRuleThreadAndTestName.java:45)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:390)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.forkTimeoutingTask(ThreadLeakControl.java:843)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$3.evaluate(ThreadLeakControl.java:490)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner.runSingleTest(RandomizedRunner.java:955)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$5.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:840)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$6.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:891)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.RandomizedRunner$7.evaluate(RandomizedRunner.java:902)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleStoreClassName$1.evaluate(TestRuleStoreClassName.java:38)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule$1.evaluate(NoShadowingOrOverridesOnMethodsRule.java:40)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleAssertionsRequired$1.evaluate(TestRuleAssertionsRequired.java:53)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.AbstractBeforeAfterRule$1.evaluate(AbstractBeforeAfterRule.java:43)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleMarkFailure$1.evaluate(TestRuleMarkFailure.java:44)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreAfterMaxFailures.java:60)
  at org.apache.lucene.tests.util.TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites$1.evaluate(TestRuleIgnoreTestSuites.java:47)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.rules.StatementAdapter.evaluate(StatementAdapter.java:36)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl$StatementRunner.run(ThreadLeakControl.java:390)
  at com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.ThreadLeakControl.lambda$forkTimeoutingTask$0(ThreadLeakControl.java:850)
  at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1623)

```
server/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/shard/IndexShardTests.java
);
            latch.await();
            assertFalse(onResponse.get());
            assertTrue(onFailure.get());
            assertThat(onFailureException.get(), instanceOf(IllegalStateException.class));
            assertThat(onFailureException.get(), hasToString(containsString("operation primary term [" + oldPrimaryTerm + "] is too old")));
        }
        closeShard(indexShard, false); 
    }
    public void testAcquireReplicaPermitAdvanceMaxSeqNoOfUpdates() throws Exception {
        IndexShard replica = newStartedShard(false);
        assertThat(replica.getMaxSeqNoOfUpdatesOrDeletes(), equalTo(SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED));
        long currentMaxSeqNoOfUpdates = randomLongBetween(SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED, Long.MAX_VALUE);
        replica.advanceMaxSeqNoOfUpdatesOrDeletes(currentMaxSeqNoOfUpdates);
        long newMaxSeqNoOfUpdates = randomLongBetween(SequenceNumbers.NO_OPS_PERFORMED, Long.MAX_VALUE);
        PlainActionFuture<Releasable> fut = new PlainActionFuture<>();
        randomReplicaOperationPermitAcquisition(
            replica,
            replica.getOperationPrimaryTerm(),
            replica.getLastKnownGlobalCheckpoint(),
            newMaxSeqNoOfUpdates,
            fut
        );
        try (Releasable ignored = fut.actionGet()) {
            assertThat(replica.getMaxSeqNoOfUpdatesOrDeletes(), equalTo(Math.max(currentMaxSeqNoOfUpdates, newMaxSeqNoOfUpdates)));
        }
        closeShards(replica);
    }
    public void testGlobalCheckpointSync() throws IOException {