### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
called = False
        def on_execute_callable(context):
            nonlocal called
            called = True
            assert context['dag_run'].dag_id == 'test_dagrun_execute_callback'
        ti = create_task_instance(
            dag_id='test_execute_callback',
            on_execute_callback=on_execute_callable,
            state=State.RUNNING,
        )
        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        ti._run_raw_task()
        assert called
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS
    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        "finished_state, expected_message",
        [
            (State.SUCCESS, "Error when executing on_success_callback"),
            (State.UP_FOR_RETRY, "Error when executing on_retry_callback"),
            (State.FAILED, "Error when executing on_failure_callback"),
        ],
    )
    def test_finished_callbacks_handle_and_log_exception(