### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
}
        int log10Checkpoint = (int) Math.floor(Math.log10(completedCheckpoint));
        logEvery = log10Checkpoint >= 3 ? 1_000 : (int) Math.pow(10.0, log10Checkpoint);
        logCount = 0;
        return true;
    }
    private RunState determineRunStateAtStart() {
        if (context.from() != null) {
            return RunState.IDENTIFY_CHANGES;
        }
        
        if (nextCheckpoint.getCheckpoint() == 1 || isContinuous() == false) {
            return RunState.APPLY_RESULTS;
        }
        
        if (changeCollector == null || changeCollector.queryForChanges() == false) {
            return RunState.APPLY_RESULTS;
        }
        
        return RunState.IDENTIFY_CHANGES;
    }
    private void configurePageSize(Integer newPageSize) {
        initialConfiguredPageSize = newPageSize;
        
        if (initialConfiguredPageSize != null && initialConfiguredPageSize > 0) {
            context.setPageSize(initialConfiguredPageSize);
        } else {
            context.setPageSize(function.getInitialPageSize());
        }
    }