### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

airflow/models/taskinstance.py
only after another function changes the state to running.
        :param mark_success: Don't run the task, mark its state as success
        :type mark_success: bool
        :param test_mode: Doesn't record success or failure in the DB
        :type test_mode: bool
        :param pool: specifies the pool to use to run the task instance
        :type pool: str
        :param session: SQLAlchemy ORM Session
        :type session: Session
        """
        task = self.task
        self.test_mode = test_mode
        self.refresh_from_task(task, pool_override=pool)
        self.refresh_from_db(session=session)
        self.job_id = job_id
        self.hostname = get_hostname()
        self.pid = os.getpid()
        if not test_mode:
            session.merge(self)
            session.commit()
        actual_start_date = timezone.utcnow()
        Stats.incr(f'ti.start.{task.dag_id}.{task.task_id}')
        try:
            if not mark_success:
                context = self.get_template_context()
                self._prepare_and_execute_task_with_callbacks(context, task)
            if not test_mode:
                self.refresh_from_db(lock_for_update=True, session=session)
            self.state = State.SUCCESS
        except TaskDeferred as defer: