### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
task_id: Optional[str] = None
    dag_id: Optional[str] = None
    execution_date: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None
    task_state_in_callback: Optional[str] = None
    callback_ran = False
    def wrap_task_instance(self, ti):
        self.task_id = ti.task_id
        self.dag_id = ti.dag_id
        self.execution_date = ti.execution_date
        self.task_state_in_callback = ""
        self.callback_ran = False
    def success_handler(self, context):
        self.callback_ran = True
        session = settings.Session()
        temp_instance = (
            session.query(TI)
            .filter(TI.task_id == self.task_id)
            .filter(TI.dag_id == self.dag_id)
            .filter(TI.execution_date == self.execution_date)
            .one()
        )
        self.task_state_in_callback = temp_instance.state
class TestTaskInstance:
    @staticmethod
    def clean_db():