### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
"""
        Test that task retries are handled properly
        """
        expected_rendered_ti_fields = {'env': None, 'bash_command': 'echo test_retry_handling; exit 1'}
        with dag_maker(dag_id='test_retry_handling') as dag:
            task = BashOperator(
                task_id='test_retry_handling_op',
                bash_command='echo {{dag.dag_id}}; exit 1',
                retries=1,
                retry_delay=datetime.timedelta(seconds=0),
            )
        def run_with_error(ti):