**Apache Airflow version**: 2.0.1
**Kubernetes version**: v1.19.7
**Executor**: KubernetesExecutor

**What happened**:

If you have a worker that gets stuck in pending forever, say with a missing volume mount, the task will stay in the queued state forever. Nothing is applying a timeout on it actually being able to start.

**What you expected to happen**:

Eventually the scheduler will notice that the worker hasn't progressed past pending after a given amount of time and will mark it as a failure.

**How to reproduce it**:
```python
from airflow import DAG
from airflow.operators.bash import BashOperator
from airflow.utils.dates import days_ago
from kubernetes.client import models as k8s


default_args = {
    "owner": "airflow",
}

with DAG(
    dag_id="pending",
    default_args=default_args,
    schedule_interval=None,
    start_date=days_ago(2),
) as dag:
    BashOperator(
        task_id="forever_pending",
        bash_command="date; sleep 30; date",
        executor_config={
            "pod_override": k8s.V1Pod(
                spec=k8s.V1PodSpec(
                    containers=[
                        k8s.V1Container(
                            name="base",
                            volume_mounts=[
                                k8s.V1VolumeMount(mount_path="/foo/", name="vol")
                            ],
                        )
                    ],
                    volumes=[
                        k8s.V1Volume(
                            name="vol",
                            persistent_volume_claim=k8s.V1PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource(
                                claim_name="missing"
                            ),
                        )
                    ],
                )
            ),
        },
    )
```


**Anything else we need to know**:
Related to:

* #15149 (This is reporting that these pending pods don't get deleted via "Mark Failed")
* #14556 (This handles when these pending pods get deleted and is already fixed)

airflow/jobs/scheduler_job.py
"""
        Takes task_instances, which should have been set to queued, and enqueues them
        with the executor.
        :param task_instances: TaskInstances to enqueue
        :type task_instances: list[TaskInstance]
        """
        
        for ti in task_instances:
            command = TI.generate_command(
                ti.dag_id,
                ti.task_id,
                ti.execution_date,
                local=True,
                mark_success=False,
                ignore_all_deps=False,
                ignore_depends_on_past=False,
                ignore_task_deps=False,
                ignore_ti_state=False,
                pool=ti.pool,
                file_path=ti.dag_model.fileloc,
                pickle_id=ti.dag_model.pickle_id,
            )
            priority = ti.priority_weight
            queue = ti.queue
            self.log.info("Sending %s to executor with priority %s and queue %s", ti.key, priority, queue)
            self.executor.queue_command(
                ti,