### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/ClientTransformIndexer.java
}, e -> {
                        String msg = LoggerMessageFormat.format("[{}] failed deleting old transform configurations.", getJobId());
                        logger.warn(msg, e);
                        
                        oldStatsCleanedUp.set(false);
                        listener.onResponse(null);
                    }));
                } else {
                    listener.onResponse(null);
                }
            }, statsExc -> {
                if (org.elasticsearch.ExceptionsHelper.unwrapCause(statsExc) instanceof VersionConflictEngineException) {
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    
                    logger.warn(
                        () -> format(
                            "[%s] updating stats of transform failed, unexpected version conflict of internal state, resetting to recover.",
                            transformConfig.getId()
                        ),
                        statsExc
                    );
                    auditor.warning(
                        getJobId(),
                        "Failure updating stats of transform, unexpected version conflict of internal state, resetting to recover: "
                            + statsExc.getMessage()