### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
on_retry_callback=mock_on_retry_3,
            retries=1,
            dag=dag,
        )
        ti3 = TI(task=task3, run_id=dr.run_id)
        session.add(ti3)
        session.flush()
        ti3.state = State.FAILED
        ti3.handle_failure("test force_fail handling", force_fail=True)
        ti3._run_finished_callback()
        context_arg_3 = mock_on_failure_3.call_args[0][0]
        assert context_arg_3 and "task_instance" in context_arg_3
        mock_on_retry_3.assert_not_called()
    def test_does_not_retry_on_airflow_fail_exception(self, dag_maker):
        def fail():
            raise AirflowFailException("hopeless")
        with dag_maker(dag_id='test_does_not_retry_on_airflow_fail_exception'):
            task = PythonOperator(
                task_id='test_raise_airflow_fail_exception',
                python_callable=fail,
                retries=1,
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        try:
            ti.run()
        except AirflowFailException:
            pass  
        assert State.FAILED == ti.state
    def test_retries_on_other_exceptions(self, dag_maker):