### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
} else if (context.getCheckpoint() == 0 && Boolean.TRUE.equals(transformConfig.getSettings().getUnattended())) {
            
            validate(changedSourceListener);
        } else {
            hasSourceChanged = true;
            context.setLastSearchTime(instantOfTrigger);
            context.setChangesLastDetectedAt(instantOfTrigger);
            changedSourceListener.onResponse(null);
        }
    }
    protected void initializeFunction() {
        
        function = FunctionFactory.create(getConfig());
        if (isContinuous()) {
            changeCollector = function.buildChangeCollector(getConfig().getSyncConfig().getField());
        }
    }
    protected boolean initialRun() {
        return getPosition() == null;
    }
    @Override
    protected void onFinish(ActionListener<Void> listener) {
        startIndexerThreadShutdown();
        
        
        if (hasSourceChanged == false) {
            if (context.shouldStopAtCheckpoint()) {
                stop();
            }
            listener.onResponse(null);