### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
return;
        }
        if (indexerState.equals(IndexerState.ABORTING)) {
            
            next.run();
            return;
        }
        
        
        Collection<ActionListener<Void>> saveStateListenersAtTheMomentOfCalling = saveStateListeners.getAndSet(null);
        boolean shouldStopAtCheckpoint = context.shouldStopAtCheckpoint();
        
        
        
        
        
        
        if (shouldStopAtCheckpoint && initialRun() && indexerState.equals(IndexerState.STARTED)) {
            indexerState = IndexerState.STOPPED;
            auditor.info(transformConfig.getId(), "Transform is no longer in the middle of a checkpoint, initiating stop.");
            logger.info("[{}] transform is no longer in the middle of a checkpoint, initiating stop.", transformConfig.getId());
        }
        
        
        
        if (hasSourceChanged == false && indexerState.equals(IndexerState.STOPPED) == false) {
            if (saveStateListenersAtTheMomentOfCalling != null) {
                ActionListener.onResponse(saveStateListenersAtTheMomentOfCalling, null);
            }
            next.run();