### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
task = DummyOperator(task_id='op', email='test@test.test')
        ti = TI(task=task)
        ti.set_duration()
        assert ti.duration is None
    def test_success_callback_no_race_condition(self, create_task_instance):
        callback_wrapper = CallbackWrapper()
        ti = create_task_instance(
            on_success_callback=callback_wrapper.success_handler,
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=10),
            execution_date=timezone.utcnow(),
            state=State.RUNNING,
        )
        session = settings.Session()
        session.merge(ti)
        session.commit()
        callback_wrapper.wrap_task_instance(ti)
        ti._run_raw_task()
        ti._run_finished_callback()
        assert callback_wrapper.callback_ran
        assert callback_wrapper.task_state_in_callback == State.SUCCESS
        ti.refresh_from_db()
        assert ti.state == State.SUCCESS
    @staticmethod
    def _test_previous_dates_setup(
        schedule_interval: Union[str, datetime.timedelta, None], catchup: bool, scenario: List[str], dag_maker
    ) -> list:
        dag_id = 'test_previous_dates'
        with dag_maker(dag_id=dag_id, schedule_interval=schedule_interval, catchup=catchup):
            task = DummyOperator(task_id='task')
        def get_test_ti(execution_date: pendulum.DateTime, state: str) -> TI: