### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/ClientTransformIndexer.java
"[{}] Unexpected change to internal state detected, expected [{}], got [{}]",
                transformConfig.getId(),
                expectedValue,
                seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndexHolder.get()
            );
            assert updated : "[" + getJobId() + "] unexpected change to seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex.";
        }
    }
    @Nullable
    SeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex getSeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex() {
        return seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndexHolder.get();
    }
    @Override
    protected void afterFinishOrFailure() {
        closePointInTime();
        super.afterFinishOrFailure();
    }
    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        closePointInTime();
        super.onStop();
    }
    private void closePointInTime() {
        for (String name : namedPits.keySet()) {
            closePointInTime(name);
        }
    }
    private void closePointInTime(String name) {
        PointInTimeBuilder pit = namedPits.remove(name);
        if (pit == null) {