### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
return;
        }
        TransformTaskState taskState = context.getTaskState();
        if (indexerState.equals(IndexerState.STARTED) && context.getCheckpoint() == 1 && this.isContinuous() == false) {
            
            indexerState = IndexerState.STOPPED;
            auditor.info(transformConfig.getId(), "Transform finished indexing all data, initiating stop");
            logger.info("[{}] transform finished indexing all data, initiating stop.", transformConfig.getId());
        }
        
        
        
        if (indexerState.equals(IndexerState.STOPPED)) {
            
            
            
            
            shouldStopAtCheckpoint = false;
            
            
            taskState = TransformTaskState.STOPPED;
        }
        final TransformState state = new TransformState(
            taskState,
            indexerState,
            position,
            context.getCheckpoint(),
            context.getStateReason(),
            getProgress(),
            null,