### CI Link

https://gradle-enterprise.elastic.co/s/bhuomrfypovuq

### Repro line

gradlew :x-pack:plugin:security:test --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17

### Does it reproduce?

Yes

### Applicable branches

main

### Failure history

_No response_

### Failure excerpt

```
  2> REPRODUCE WITH: ./gradlew ':x-pack:plugin:security:test' --tests "org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated" -Dtests.seed=819240371E8B1C23 -Dtests.locale=ms-MY -Dtests.timezone=Australia/Lindeman -Druntime.java=17
  2> java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.util.HashMap cannot be cast to class org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference (java.util.HashMap is in module java.base of loader 'bootstrap'; org.elasticsearch.common.bytes.BytesReference is in unnamed module of loader 'app')
        at __randomizedtesting.SeedInfo.seed([819240371E8B1C23:50D848AB4705CC]:0)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadataForApiKeyRoleDescriptors(Authentication.java:1093)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteMetadata(Authentication.java:271)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.security.authc.Authentication.maybeRewriteForOlderVersion(Authentication.java:232)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.buildUserToken(TokenServiceTests.java:941)
        at org.elasticsearch.xpack.security.authc.TokenServiceTests.testInvalidateRefreshTokenThatIsAlreadyInvalidated(TokenServiceTests.java:437)
```
x-pack/plugin/core/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/core/security/authc/Authentication.java
authenticatingSubject = new Subject(innerUser, authenticatedBy, version, metadata);
            
            
            
            
            effectiveSubject = new Subject(outerUser, lookedUpBy, version, Map.of());
        } else {
            authenticatingSubject = effectiveSubject = new Subject(outerUser, authenticatedBy, version, metadata);
        }
        assertInternalConsistency();
    }
    /**
     * Get the {@link Subject} that performs the actual authentication. This normally means it provides a credentials.
     */
    public Subject getAuthenticatingSubject() {
        return authenticatingSubject;
    }
    /**
     * Get the {@link Subject} that the authentication effectively represents. It may not be the authenticating subject
     * because the authentication subject can run-as another subject.
     */
    public Subject getEffectiveSubject() {
        return effectiveSubject;
    }
    public AuthenticationType getAuthenticationType() {
        return type;
    }
    /**
     * Whether the authentication contains a subject run-as another subject. That is, the authentication subject
     * is different from the effective subject.