### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests.java
);
        }
    }
    public void testStatePersistenceErrorHandling() throws InterruptedException {
        TransformConfig config = TransformConfigTests.randomTransformConfigWithSettings(
            new SettingsConfig(
                randomBoolean() ? null : randomIntBetween(10, 10_000),
                randomBoolean() ? null : randomFloat(),
                randomBoolean(),
                randomBoolean(),
                randomBoolean(),
                randomBoolean(),
                2,
                false
            )
        );
        AtomicReference<TransformTaskState> state = new AtomicReference<>(TransformTaskState.STARTED);
        TransformContext.Listener contextListener = new TransformContext.Listener() {
            @Override
            public void shutdown() {}
            @Override
            public void failureCountChanged() {}
            @Override
            public void fail(Throwable exception, String failureMessage, ActionListener<Void> listener) {
                state.set(TransformTaskState.FAILED);
            }
        };
        {
            TransformContext context = new TransformContext(state.get(), null, 0, contextListener);
            Exception exceptionToThrow = randomBoolean()