### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
dr = dag_maker.create_dagrun(
                run_id=f'test__{execution_date.isoformat()}',
                run_type=DagRunType.SCHEDULED,
                state=state,
                execution_date=execution_date,
                start_date=pendulum.now('UTC'),
            )
            ti = dr.task_instances[0]
            ti.task = task
            ti.set_state(state=State.SUCCESS, session=dag_maker.session)
            return ti
        date = cast(pendulum.DateTime, pendulum.parse('2019-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'))
        ret = []
        for idx, state in enumerate(scenario):
            new_date = date.add(days=idx)
            ti = get_test_ti(new_date, state)
            ret.append(ti)
        return ret
    _prev_dates_param_list = [
        pytest.param('0 0 * * * ', True, id='cron/catchup'),
        pytest.param('0 0 * * *', False, id='cron/no-catchup'),
        pytest.param(None, True, id='no-sched/catchup'),
        pytest.param(None, False, id='no-sched/no-catchup'),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), True, id='timedelta/catchup'),
        pytest.param(datetime.timedelta(days=1), False, id='timedelta/no-catchup'),
    ]
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("schedule_interval, catchup", _prev_dates_param_list)
    def test_previous_ti(self, schedule_interval, catchup, dag_maker) -> None: