### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexer.java
if (newtaskState.equals(TransformTaskState.STOPPED)) {
                    context.shutdown();
                }
                return false;
            }
            if (state != IndexerState.INDEXING) {
                return false;
            }
            if (saveStateListeners.updateAndGet(currentListeners -> {
                
                
                
                if (getState() != IndexerState.INDEXING) {
                    return null;
                }
                if (currentListeners == null) {
                    
                    if (context.shouldStopAtCheckpoint() == shouldStopAtCheckpoint) {
                        return null;
                    }
                    return Collections.singletonList(shouldStopAtCheckpointListener);
                }
                return CollectionUtils.appendToCopy(currentListeners, shouldStopAtCheckpointListener);
            }) == null) {
                return false;
            }
            context.setShouldStopAtCheckpoint(shouldStopAtCheckpoint);
        }
        
        runSearchImmediately();