### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests.java
/*
 * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
 * 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
 * 2.0.
 */
package org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.transforms;
import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchTimeoutException;
import org.elasticsearch.action.ActionListener;
import org.elasticsearch.action.LatchedActionListener;
import org.elasticsearch.client.internal.ParentTaskAssigningClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.core.Tuple;
import org.elasticsearch.index.engine.VersionConflictEngineException;
import org.elasticsearch.index.shard.ShardId;
import org.elasticsearch.tasks.TaskId;
import org.elasticsearch.test.ESTestCase;
import org.elasticsearch.test.client.NoOpClient;
import org.elasticsearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.indexing.IndexerState;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.SettingsConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.TransformCheckpoint;