### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
pass
        class TestOperator(PythonOperator):
            def post_execute(self, context, result=None):
                if result == 'error':
                    raise TestError('expected error.')
        with dag_maker(dag_id='test_post_execute_dag'):
            task = TestOperator(
                task_id='test_operator',
                python_callable=lambda: 'error',
            )
        ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=DEFAULT_DATE).task_instances[0]
        ti.task = task
        with pytest.raises(TestError):
            ti.run()
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution(self, create_task_instance):
        ti = create_task_instance(dag_id='test_check_and_change_state_before_execution')
        assert ti._try_number == 0
        assert ti.check_and_change_state_before_execution()
        
        assert ti.state == State.RUNNING
        assert ti._try_number == 1
    def test_check_and_change_state_before_execution_dep_not_met(self, create_task_instance):