### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

airflow/models/taskinstance.py
except (AirflowFailException, AirflowSensorTimeout) as e:
            
            
            self.handle_failure(e, test_mode, force_fail=True, error_file=error_file, session=session)
            session.commit()
            raise
        except AirflowException as e:
            
            
            if self.state in {State.SUCCESS, State.FAILED}:
                return
            else:
                self.handle_failure(e, test_mode, error_file=error_file, session=session)
                session.commit()
                raise
        except (Exception, KeyboardInterrupt) as e:
            self.handle_failure(e, test_mode, error_file=error_file, session=session)
            session.commit()
            raise
        finally:
            Stats.incr(f'ti.finish.{task.dag_id}.{task.task_id}.{self.state}')
        
        self.end_date = timezone.utcnow()
        self._log_state()
        self.set_duration()
        if not test_mode:
            session.add(Log(self.state, self))
            session.merge(self)
            session.commit()
    def _prepare_and_execute_task_with_callbacks(self, context, task):