### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformFailureHandler.java
/*
 * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
 * 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
 * 2.0.
 */
package org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.transforms;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchException;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchPhaseExecutionException;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.block.ClusterBlockException;
import org.elasticsearch.common.breaker.CircuitBreakingException;
import org.elasticsearch.script.ScriptException;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.TransformMessages;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.transforms.SettingsConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.transform.utils.ExceptionsHelper;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.notifications.TransformAuditor;
import org.elasticsearch.xpack.transform.utils.ExceptionRootCauseFinder;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.elasticsearch.core.Strings.format;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.common.notifications.Level.INFO;
import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.core.common.notifications.Level.WARNING;
/**
 * Handles all failures a transform can run into when searching, indexing as well as internal