### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
"""
    Test that AirflowSensorTimeout does not cause sensor to retry.
    """
    def timeout():
        raise AirflowSensorTimeout
    mock_on_failure = mock.MagicMock()
    with dag_maker(dag_id=f'test_sensor_timeout_{mode}_{retries}'):
        task = PythonSensor(
            task_id='test_raise_sensor_timeout',
            python_callable=timeout,
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure,
            retries=retries,
            mode=mode,
        )
    ti = dag_maker.create_dagrun(execution_date=timezone.utcnow()).task_instances[0]
    ti.task = task
    with pytest.raises(AirflowSensorTimeout):
        ti.run()
    assert mock_on_failure.called
    assert ti.state == State.FAILED