### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/TransformIndexerFailureOnStatePersistenceTests.java
SeqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex,
            TransformContext context,
            boolean shouldStopAtCheckpoint
        ) {
            super(
                threadPool,
                transformServices,
                checkpointProvider,
                initialState,
                initialPosition,
                client,
                initialStats,
                transformConfig,
                transformProgress,
                lastCheckpoint,
                nextCheckpoint,
                seqNoPrimaryTermAndIndex,
                context,
                shouldStopAtCheckpoint
            );
        }
        protected boolean triggerSaveState() {
            
            return true;
        }
        public int getStatePersistenceFailures() {
            return context.getStatePersistenceFailureCount();
        }
    }
    private static class FailingToPutStoredDocTransformConfigManager extends InMemoryTransformConfigManager {