### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
['one_success', 0, 4, 0, 1, 5, True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ['one_success', 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ['one_success', 0, 0, 4, 1, 5, True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            ['one_success', 0, 0, 0, 5, 5, True, State.UPSTREAM_FAILED, False],
            #
            
            #
            ['all_failed', 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ['all_failed', 0, 0, 5, 0, 5, True, None, True],
            ['all_failed', 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ['all_failed', 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            ['all_failed', 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            #
            
            #
            ['one_failed', 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, True, None, False],
            ['one_failed', 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, True, None, False],
            ['one_failed', 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, True, None, True],
            ['one_failed', 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, True, None, False],
            ['one_failed', 2, 3, 0, 0, 5, True, State.SKIPPED, False],
            #
            
            #
            ['all_done', 5, 0, 0, 0, 5, True, None, True],
            ['all_done', 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, True, None, False],
            ['all_done', 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, True, None, False],
            ['all_done', 2, 1, 0, 0, 3, True, None, False],
        ],
    )
    def test_check_task_dependencies(