### Elasticsearch Version

main

### Installed Plugins

_No response_

### Java Version

_bundled_

### OS Version

MacOS

### Problem Description

Currently, transform state persistence failures are being retried with a constant interval (`60s`).
This is different to how other types of errors are retried (exponential backoff).
We should implement exponential backoff for state persistence failures too.

### Steps to Reproduce

n/a

### Logs (if relevant)

_No response_
x-pack/plugin/transform/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/transform/transforms/scheduling/TransformScheduledTask.java
public int hashCode() {
        
        return Objects.hash(
            transformId,
            frequency,
            lastTriggeredTimeMillis,
            failureCount,
            nextScheduledTimeMillis,
            System.identityHashCode(listener)
        );
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return new StringBuilder("TransformScheduledTask[").append("transformId=")
            .append(transformId)
            .append(",frequency=")
            .append(frequency)
            .append(",lastTriggeredTimeMillis=")
            .append(lastTriggeredTimeMillis)
            .append(",failureCount=")
            .append(failureCount)
            .append(",nextScheduledTimeMillis=")
            .append(nextScheduledTimeMillis)
            .append(",listener=")
            .append(listener)
            .append("]")
            .toString();
    }
}