### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
ti1.state = State.FAILED
        ti1.handle_failure("test failure handling")
        ti1._run_finished_callback()
        context_arg_1 = mock_on_failure_1.call_args[0][0]
        assert context_arg_1 and "task_instance" in context_arg_1
        mock_on_retry_1.assert_not_called()
        mock_on_failure_2 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_retry_2 = mock.MagicMock()
        task2 = DummyOperator(
            task_id="test_handle_failure_on_retry",
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure_2,
            on_retry_callback=mock_on_retry_2,
            retries=1,
            dag=dag,
        )
        ti2 = TI(task=task2, run_id=dr.run_id)
        ti2.state = State.FAILED
        session.add(ti2)
        session.flush()
        ti2.handle_failure("test retry handling")
        ti2._run_finished_callback()
        mock_on_failure_2.assert_not_called()
        context_arg_2 = mock_on_retry_2.call_args[0][0]
        assert context_arg_2 and "task_instance" in context_arg_2
        
        mock_on_failure_3 = mock.MagicMock()
        mock_on_retry_3 = mock.MagicMock()
        task3 = DummyOperator(
            task_id="test_handle_failure_on_force_fail",
            on_failure_callback=mock_on_failure_3,