### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

tests/models/test_taskinstance.py
"""
        Test that tasks properly take start/end dates from DAGs
        """
        with dag_maker('dag', end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=10)) as dag:
            pass
        op1 = DummyOperator(task_id='op_1')
        assert op1.start_date is None and op1.end_date is None
        
        dag.add_task(op1)
        dag_maker.create_dagrun()
        assert op1.start_date == dag.start_date and op1.end_date == dag.end_date
        op2 = DummyOperator(
            task_id='op_2',
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE - datetime.timedelta(days=1),
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=11),
        )
        
        dag.add_task(op2)
        assert op2.start_date == dag.start_date and op2.end_date == dag.end_date
        op3 = DummyOperator(
            task_id='op_3',
            start_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1),
            end_date=DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=9),
        )
        
        dag.add_task(op3)
        assert op3.start_date == DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        assert op3.end_date == DEFAULT_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=9)
    def test_set_dag(self, dag_maker):