### Apache Airflow version

main (development)

### Operating System

macOS 11.5.2

### Versions of Apache Airflow Providers

_No response_

### Deployment

Virtualenv installation

### Deployment details

_No response_

### What happened

If your first try fails and you have retries enabled, the subsequent tries skip right to the final `next_method(**next_kwargs)` instead of starting with `execute` again.

### What you expected to happen

Like we reset things like start date, we should wipe `next_method` and `next_kwargs` so we can retry the task from the beginning.

### How to reproduce

_No response_

### Anything else

_No response_

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [X] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)

airflow/models/taskinstance.py
import os
import pickle
import signal
import warnings
from collections import defaultdict
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from functools import partial
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, Union
from urllib.parse import quote
import dill
import jinja2
import lazy_object_proxy
import pendulum
from jinja2 import TemplateAssertionError, UndefinedError
from sqlalchemy import (
    Column,
    Float,
    ForeignKeyConstraint,
    Index,
    Integer,
    PickleType,
    String,
    and_,
    func,
    inspect,
    or_,
    tuple_,
)
from sqlalchemy.ext.associationproxy import association_proxy