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34879993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer%20Larsen
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Kristoffer Larsen
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Kristoffer Larsen
Kristoffer Knudsen Larsen (born 19 January 1992) is a Norwegian footballer who plays for Åsane.
Career
Larsen was born in Bergen and started his career at Vestsiden-Askøy IL. As an 18-year-old he got the chance in A.C. Milan's farmer-club Bellinzona on a trial. Larsen returned to Bergen where he completed the 2010 season with Askøy, before joining Brann ahead of the 2011-season. Although injuries prevented him from making the initial B-team of young players who could play in league games for Brann, impressive games for Brann 2 and in Cup games saw him offered a professional contract. He made his Tippeligaen debut when he replaced Diego Guastavino in the 77th minute against Strømsgodset on 7 August 2011.
Career statistics
References
External links
Profile at altomfotball.no
1992 births
Living people
Norwegian men's footballers
Norwegian expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from Bergen
Eliteserien players
Danish Superliga players
Men's association football midfielders
SK Brann players
Hønefoss BK players
Lyngby Boldklub players
Sarpsborg 08 FF players
Åsane Fotball players
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate men's footballers in Denmark
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44844998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn%20Fox
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Kathryn Fox
|
Kathryn Fox (born 1966) is an Australian writer, public speaker, and medical practitioner. She is one of Australia's most popular authors. Her Anya Crichton series of crime novels has received multiple awards, nominations and international acclaim. In 2015, she followed up with Private Sydney, a thriller co-written with the world's best-selling author, James Patterson.
A passionate advocate for health and literacy, she started up the 'Read For Life' charity which provides education for underprivileged Indigenous children around Australia.
Life and work
Fox is a Fellow of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners with a special interest in forensic medicine. After 12 years, she ceased medical practice to concentrate on writing.
Her crime novels feature forensic pathologist Anya Crichton as the main protagonist. She is also working on a screenplay and a TV series.
Fox lives in Sydney and, aside from her writing and medical careers, is the patron of a reading programme for remote and Indigenous communities that promotes the links between literacy and health.
Novels
Malicious Intent (2004)
Without Consent (2006)
Skin and Bone (2007)
Blood Born (2009)
Death Mask (2010)
Cold Grave (2012)
Fatal Impact (2014)
Private Sydney (2015), co-written with James Patterson
Awards
2005 shortlisted Ned Kelly Awards for Crime Writing — Best First Novel - Malicious Intent
2005 winner Davitt Awards for Crime Writing — Best Adult Novel - Malicious Intent
2010 shortlisted Davitt Awards — Best Adult Crime Novel - Blood Born
2013 shortlisted Davitt Awards — Best Adult Crime Novel - Cold Grave
2014 shortlisted Ned Kelly Awards for Crime Writing — Best Novel - Fatal Impact
Interviews
The Age 9 February 2008
Booktopia 1 November 2010
First Tuesday Book Club
References
1966 births
Living people
Australian women novelists
Australian crime writers
21st-century Australian novelists
21st-century Australian women writers
Women crime writers
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6487717
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Puebla%20de%20Montalb%C3%A1n
|
La Puebla de Montalbán
|
La Puebla de Montalbán is a Spanish town and municipality in the province of Toledo, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. It is located in a plain of the River Tajo.
Government
The mayor of La Puebla de Montalbán is Juan José García Rodríguez, of the ruling Partido Socialista Obrero Español. The Partido Socialista Obrero has six municipal councillors in the town's ayuntamiento, the Partido Popular has six and an independent group has one.
In the 2004 Spanish General Election, the Partido Popular got 53.4% of the vote in La Puebla de Montalbán, the Partido Socialista Obrero Español got 48.6% and Izquierda Unida got 1.6%.
Notable citizens
Fernando de Rojas (c. 1465/73 - 1541), author of Comedia de Calisto y Melibea, usually called La Celestina.
Francisco Hernández de Toledo (ca. 1514-1517 - 1578), botanist and King Philip II's doctor.
Pedro Pacheco de Villena (died 1560), Bishop of Siguenza, Cardinal Bishop of Albano, participant in the Council of Trent.
Andrés Pacheco (1550 - 1626), Franciscan and Roman Catholic Cardinal
Luis Carrillo de Toledo (1564 - 1626), general and statesman.
Enrique Dávila Pacheco (15?? - 1663), an administrator in certain Spanish new world colonies.
Ángel Luis Ruiz Paz (born 1987), footballer
Álvaro Rico (born 1996), actor
References
External links
Aerial view of La Puebla de Montalbán, Spain (From "Google maps")
Puebla
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2116786
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%89%20%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%28%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%29
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تغلى سادات (الريف الغربي)
|
تغلى سادات (الريف الغربي)
تغلى سادات هي منطقة سكنية تقع في إيران في قسم الريف الغربي الريفي. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 197 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة رامهرمز
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5874182
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20McCloud
|
George McCloud
|
George McCloud
George Aaron McCloud (born May 27, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player who played eleven seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
Early life
McCloud attended Mainland High School in Daytona Beach and Florida State University in Tallahassee. While at Florida State, McCloud was among the most discussed NBA prospects in the school's history.
Professional career
McCloud was selected by the Indiana Pacers in the 1st round (7th overall) of the 1989 NBA draft. The 6'6" (1.98 m) guard–forward averaged 5.5 points per game overall for the Pacers, perhaps peaking in the 1992 NBA Playoffs as he averaged 11.5 points and 3 assists per game as the Pacers lost to the Boston Celtics in the first round. Earlier that season, McCloud was suspended for one game and fined for a postgame fight with Cleveland's John Battle. He was released after four seasons and played basketball in Italy during the 1993–94 season. He signed with the Dallas Mavericks midway through the 1994–95 seasons.
During the 1995-96 season as a member of the Mavericks, appearing in 79 games and averaging 18.9 ppg while setting the NBA record for most 3-point attempts in a season. In his NBA career, McCloud played in 766 games and scored a total of 6,925 points. McCloud was a productive three point shooter throughout his career. At NBA All-Star Weekend in 1996, he appeared in the Three-point Shootout but lost in the semifinal round. McCloud has the second-highest total for three-point attempts in an NBA game, with 20 (making seven of them) in a game for the Dallas Mavericks against the New Jersey Nets on March 5, 1996. During the 1998 NBA Playoffs, then on the Suns, McCloud averaged a postseason-best 14.3 points per game as Phoenix lost to the San Antonio Spurs in the first round.
In total, McCloud played a total of 12 years in the NBA from 1989 to 2002. He also played for the Los Angeles Lakers and Denver Nuggets.
References
External links
Career stats
1967 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Florida
Dallas Mavericks players
Denver Nuggets players
Florida State Seminoles men's basketball players
Indiana Pacers draft picks
Indiana Pacers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Mainland High School alumni
Phoenix Suns players
Rapid City Thrillers players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Daytona Beach, Florida
Victoria Libertas Pallacanestro players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
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6525377
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanei%20Chapman
|
Lanei Chapman
|
Lanei Chapman (born January 23, 1973) is an American actress. She has appeared primarily in guest appearances on episodes of various television series, and may be best known for her role as Lt. Vanessa Damphousse in the single 1995–96 season of the series Space: Above and Beyond.
Career
Chapman first appeared on television at the age of 13 in a Kentucky Fried Chicken commercial. She went on to appear in a number of films and television shows, including White Men Can't Jump, Seinfeld, The Wonder Years and China Beach. She made her science fiction television debut in Star Trek: The Next Generation as Ensign Sariel Rager, a recurring character who served as a conn officer in numerous episodes, though she only received an on-screen credit for speaking parts in four episodes.
She made her debut in the series Space: Above and Beyond during the pilot episode, playing main cast character Lt. Vanessa Damphousse. While filming the pilot and the early part of the series, Chapman was on a leave of absence from a post-graduate film production program at the University of Southern California.
She initially auditioned with Randy Stone, senior vice-president of talent and casting at Twentieth Century Fox Television, and then two days later with David Nutter, the director of the pilot. By her own admission, the character did not have a great deal to do in that initial two-part episode, so much so that when she was required to audition, the lines she read were from a different character as they had not yet developed Damphousse. The writers took elements of Chapman's own experiences and backstory and wrote it into the new character's as they were developing her. The series was cancelled after one season, despite an organized fan campaign to renew it.
Personal life
Chapman is a graduate of Dartmouth College with a degree in Spanish. She had originally chosen to major in Drama, but switched part-way through after discovering the extent of the foreign language program at the college. She also wrote a short play while there, called Home Run, which she sent to actress Chip Fields to appear in and assist Chapman in directing. She is also a qualified teacher in California, and for a short time taught kindergarten until she chose to pursue acting full-time.
Filmography
Film
References
External links
1973 births
African-American actresses
American educators
American film actresses
American television actresses
Dartmouth College alumni
Living people
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
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147399
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinZip
|
WinZip
|
WinZip is a trialware file archiver and compressor for Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS and Android. It is developed by WinZip Computing (formerly Nico Mak Computing), which is owned by Corel Corporation. The program can create archives in Zip file format, unpack some other archive file formats and it also has various tools for system integration.
Features
Support for ARC and ARJ archives if suitable external programs are installed.
History
WinZip 1.0 was released in April 1991 as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) front-end for PKZIP.
From version 6.0 until version 9.0, registered users could download the newest versions of the software, enter their original registration information or install over the top of their existing registered version, and thereby obtain a free upgrade. This upgrade scheme was discontinued as of version 10.0.
On May 2, 2006, WinZip Computing was acquired by Corel Corporation using the proceeds from its initial public offering.
Supported .ZIP archive features
128- and 256-bit key AES encryption in addition to the less secure PKZIP 2.0 encryption method used in earlier versions. The AES implementation, using Brian Gladman's code, was FIPS-197 certified, on March 27, 2003. However, Central Directory Encryption feature is not supported.
Release history
Windows
The ZIP file archive format (ZIP) was originally invented for MS-DOS in 1989 by Phil Katz.
Mac
WinZip 1.0 for Mac OS X (November 16, 2010): Initial release is compatible with Intel Macs and can be run on v10.5 'Leopard.'
iOS
The iOS version was first released on February 17, 2012.
Android
WinZip Android was first released on June 19, 2012.
See also
Comparison of archive formats
Comparison of file archivers
List of archive formats
References
External links
1991 software
2006 mergers and acquisitions
Corel software
data compression software
file archivers
Proprietary cross-platform software
Windows compression software
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1635953
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9%20%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9
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أسروة جونجونية
|
أسروة جونجونية هو نوع من الفطريات يتبع جنس الأسروة من فصيلة الفالوسية.
انظر أيضاً
أسروة
قائمة أنواع الأسروة
مراجع
جونجونية
أسروة جونجونية
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2300759
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%20%28%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%29
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نيار (شرقي أردبيل)
|
نيار (شرقي أردبيل)
نیار هي قرية تقع في إيران في أردبيل. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 8,405 نسمة .
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
بلدات وقرى في مقاطعة أردبيل
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة أردبيل
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34973357
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramata%20%28film%29
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Ramata (film)
|
Ramata (film)
Ramata is a 2007 feature-length fiction film directed by Léandre-Alain Baker and starring the model Katoucha Niane in the title role.
Synopsis
Ramata is a spellbindingly beautiful woman in her fifties. She has been married for thirty years now to Matar Samb, a former prosecutor who is now the Minister of Justice. They live in Les Almadies, an elegant neighbourhood of Dakar. Ngor Ndong is 25. He is a young, strong, mysterious man with no fixed residence and an occasional petty crook known by the police. One evening, in a taxi that Ngor Ndong just happens to be driving, Ramata agrees to follow this young man to the Copacabana. She then begins a new life.
Production
The film was adapted from a novel by Abasse Ndione.
Baker said he hesitated at first over choosing Katoucha as the lead due to her reputation and the fact that she was not an actress, but eventually accepted that she was right for the role.
He said of the film "Essentially, it is the story of the metamorphosis of a woman, her relationship with the world, and the universe around her".
Ramata was released in France in 2011.
References
External links
2007 films
Senegalese drama films
Films set in Senegal
2007 action films
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1094323
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Acres
|
Adam Acres
|
Adam Acres
Adam Holland Acres (May 11, 1878 – April 20, 1955) was an Ontario politician. He was a Conservative and then Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1923 to 1948. He represented the riding of Carleton.
Background
He was born in March Township, Ontario, Carleton County, Ontario, the son of George H. Acres. In 1900, he married Almena Waterson. His farm was situated on Britannia Bay on the Ottawa River.
Politics
Acres served as reeve for the township from 1913 to 1916.
He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) representing Carleton in 1923.
Acres was a candidate in the 1936 Conservative leadership convention placing sixth. He continued to sit in the legislature as a Tory backbencher until the 1948 Ontario election, when he retired from politics.
References
Canadian Parliamentary Guide, 1930, AL Normandin
External links
1878 births
1955 deaths
Canadian people of English descent
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs
Reeves of March Township
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16080632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedford%20Research%20Foundation
|
Bedford Research Foundation
|
Bedford Research Foundation is a non-profit Institute that conducts stem cell research for diseases and conditions that currently have no known cure. The institute also created the Special Program of Assisted Reproduction (SPAR), a program that assists serodiscordant couples successfully achieve pregnancy. Dr. Ann Kiessling, the founder of Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation, is the Laboratory Director.
Background
Bedford Research Foundation was founded to satisfy the need for a research and development clinical laboratory that could facilitate technology transfer from basic science discoveries to clinical test applications. BRF was founded and incorporated in 1996 by Dr. Ann Kiessling and through the efforts of men and women whose lives were altered by blood products tainted with the AIDS virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV) and Hepatitis C virus. Faced with unprecedented disease obstacles, the men and women insisted that biomedical technology be developed to fight their infections, and allow them to conceive children of their own. Research to ensure the safety of conception by assisted reproductive technologies in general was not funded by the National Institutes of Health because of the U.S. Congress decisions in 1996 and 1998 that research on fertilized human eggs "...is meritorious and should be done for society..., but will not be funded by taxpayer dollars."
The Foundation conducts research within its own laboratories (Stem Cell, Prostate, Infectious disease) as well as in collaboration with other laboratories and raises money to award research grants to qualified investigators seeking to improve the safety and success of assisted reproduction to mothers and babies. Much of the research supported by the Foundation cannot be funded by federal grants-in-aid because of the U.S. moratorium on funding research on human eggs activated either artificially or by sperm.
For this reason, the men and women themselves raised the money to fund the Special Program of Assisted Reproduction (SPAR). Within two years, technology was developed to protect against virus transmission at conception. As a result, Baby Ryan was born in 1999 to a healthy Mom and a Dad with hemophilia who was infected with Hepatitis C and HIV by tainted blood factors.
In conjunction with stem cell research, Foundation scientists also apply patented processes to help diagnose male reproductive tract disorders. Research done at the Foundation has led to the development of additional tests that may provide valuable information about overall men's health. A current focus is detection of bacteria in semen by molecular biology methods instead of standard laboratory culture. Studies to date reveal that semen contains bacteria not previously identified. Such studies hold the promise of developing new tests for the health of semen producing organs such as the prostate, which is a site of significant disease in men, including infection (prostatitis) and cancer.
SARS2 (Coronavirus) Testing
On April 10, 2020 it was reported that Bedford Research Foundation had expanded its operations to include SARS2 testing, making it one of 66 sites in the United States with a Food and Drug Administration- approved test for COVID-19. The lab began testing samples from Sturdy Hospital in Attleboro and Emerson in Concord. On April 21, 2020, Bedford Research Foundation piloted a program to expand their SARS2 (Coronavirus) testing to the public. The test was well-received and successful. The foundation is currently making plans to expand the program.
References
External links
Bedford Research Foundation
Embryology
Obstetrics and gynaecology organizations
HIV/AIDS research organisations
Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
Stem cell research
Medical and health organizations based in Massachusetts
HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States
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5790095
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A
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بيلي دوفي
|
بيلي دوفي هو لاعب قذف أيرلندي، ولد في 1931 في في جمهورية أيرلندا، وتوفي في 1 يونيو 2005.
مراجع
مواليد 1931
وفيات 2005
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35853990
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampereen%20Pyrint%C3%B6%20%28basketball%29
|
Tampereen Pyrintö (basketball)
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Tampereen Pyrintö (basketball)
Tampereen Pyrintö, more commonly referred to as shortly Pyrintö, is a Finnish basketball team from Tampere. It is the basketball section of a club with the same name. Pyrintö's men's and women's teams play in Korisliiga, the highest tier of Finnish basketball.
After 2010 Pyrintö has participated internationally in the EuroChallenge and the Baltic Basketball League.
Achievements
Korisliiga: 3
Champions: 2010, 2011, 2014
Runner-up: 1958, 1980, 1981, 2001, 2016
Third–place: 2009
Finnish Basketball Cup: 2
Champions: 1969, 2013
Runner-up: 2000, 2009, 2011, 2019, 2021
Baltic Basketball League
Fourth–place: 2014
Current roster
Retired numbers
All numbers are hanging in the rafters of the home arena, but current players can still play with them excluding Williams′ #32.
Notable players
To appear in this section a player must have either: played at least one season for the club, set a club record or won an individual award while at the club, played at least one official international match for their national team at any time or performed very successfully during period in the club or at later/previous stages of his career.
Women's team
Pyrintö's women's team currently plays in Women's Korisliiga, the highest tier of basketball for women in Finland, and has won eight Finnish titles and the Finnish Cup once. Among club's women's team, Pyrintö has retired the jersey of Seija Leino.
References
External links
Basketball teams in Finland
Basketball teams established in 1941
Pyrinto
1941 establishments in Finland
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39648725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoli%20Qoli
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Qoli Qoli
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Qoli Qoli (also Romanized as Qolī Qolī) is a village in Heydariyeh Rural District, Govar District, Gilan-e Gharb County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 728, in 147 families.
References
Populated places in Gilan-e Gharb County
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219881
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7
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شيدو ناكامرا
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شيدو ناكامرا
شيدو ناكامُرا (中村獅童 ناكامُرا شيدو) (اسمه الحقيقي ميكيهيرو أوغاوا (小川幹弘 أوغاوا ميكيهيرو)) هو ممثل ياباني ولد في 14 سبتمبر 1972 في طوكيو.
أدواره في الأنمي
مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
ديث نوت - ريوك
أفلام أنمي
ون بيس
أدواره في السينما اليابانية
ديث نوت - ريوك
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من طوكيو
ممثلو أداء صوتي يابانيون
ممثلو أفلام يابانيون
ممثلو ألعاب فيديو يابانيون
ممثلو تلفزيون يابانيون
ممثلون ذكور يابانيون
ممثلون من طوكيو
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 20
ممثلون يابانيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1972
مواليد في طوكيو
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1240692
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%20%28%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA%29
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يوهان غيورغ (ناخب براندنبورغ)
|
يوهان غيورغ (ناخب براندنبورغ)
يوهان غيورغ (Johann Georg؛ 8 يناير 1598 11 سبتمبر 1525) الأمير الناخب لمرغريفية براندنبورغ (1571–1598) ودوق بروسيا. من آل هوهنتسولرن، ابن يواكيم الثاني، ناخب براندنبورغ وزوجته أول ماغدالينه ساكسونيا.
واجه ديون كبيرة تراكمت في عهد والده، ففرض يوهان غيورغ ضريبة على الحبوب دفعت جزءا من الفلاحين إلى الاعتماد على نبلاء كانوا معفيين من الضرائب. رغم المعارضة اللوثرية الشديدة لصعود الكالفينية، سمح بقبول اللاجئين الكالفينيين من الحروب في الأراضي المنخفضة الإسبانية وفرنسا. وقد خلفه ابنه يواكيم فريدرش، ناخب براندنبورغ.
عند وفاة قريبه ألبرشت، دوق بروسيا في عام 1568، ورث دوقية بروسيا ابن هذا الأخير القاصر ألبرشت فريدرش. وكان والد يوهان غيورغ أحد المشاركين في وارثة دوقية بروسيا. في سنة 1577 أصبح ناخبو براندنبورغ مشاركين في الوصاية مع الدوق ألبرشت فريدرش دوق بروسيا.
الأسرة والأبناء
تزوج يوهان غيورغ ثلاث مرات.
كانت زوجته الأولى الأميرة صوفيا لغنيتسا (1525 - 6 فبراير 1546)، والتي تزوجها سنة 1545. ورزقا بابن واحد:
يواكيم فريدرش (27 يناير 1546-1608)
ثانيا، تزوج المرغريفة سابينا براندنبورغ أنسباخ (12 مايو 1529 - 2 نوفمبر 1575)، ابنة غيورغ، مرغريف براندنبورغ أنسباخ كولمباخ في سنة 1548. ورزقا الأبناء التاليين:
غيورغ ألبرشت (1555-1557)
يوهان
ألبرشت
ماغدالينا سابينا
إردموته (26 يونيو 1561 - 13 نوفمبر 1623)، تزوجت سنة 1577 من الدوق يوهان فريدرش دوق بوميرانيا
ماري
ماغدالينا
مارغاريتا
آنا ماريا (3 فبراير 1567 - 4 نوفمبر 1618)، تزوج في 1581 من بارنيم العاشر، دوق بوميرانيا
صوفي (6 يونيو 1568-7 ديسمبر 1622)، تزوجت في عام 1582 من كريستيان الأول، ناخب ساكسونيا
ثالثا، تزوج من الأميرة إليزابت أنهالت (15 سبتمبر 1563 - 5 أكتوبر 1607) في 1577. كان لديهم الأبناء:
كريستيان (1581-1655)
ماغدالينا (7 يناير 1582 - 4 مايو 1616)، تزوجت في 1598 من لودفيغ الخامس، لاندغريف هسن دارمشتات.
يواكيم إرنست (1583-1625)
أغنيس (1584-1629)، تزوج:
في 1604 دوق فيليب يوليوس بوميرانيا؛
في 1628 دوق فرانتس كارل ساكسونيا لاونبورغ
فريدرش (1588-1611)
إليزابت صوفيا براندنبورغ (يوليو 13، 1589 - 24 ديسمبر 1629)، تزوجت:
في 1613 إلى الأمير يانوش راديفيو؛
في 27 فبراير 1628 من الدوق يوليوس هاينريش دوق ساكسونيا لاونبورغ
دوروتيا سيبيل (19 أكتوبر 1590 - 9 مارس 1625)، تزوجت في عام 1610 من يوهان كريستيان، دوق بريغ
غيورغ ألبرشت (1591-1615)
زيغسمونت (20 نوفمبر 1592 - 30 أبريل 1640)
يوهان (1597-1627)، أسقف هافلبيرغ
يوها جورج (1598-1637)
المراجع
ألمان من أصل بولندي
ألمان من أصل تشيكي
ألمان من أصل ليتواني
لوثريون ألمان
مدفونون في كاتدرائية برلين
مواليد 1525
ناخبو براندنبورغ
وفيات 1598
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8238234
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%84%20%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B6%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A8
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تغاير معدل نبض القلب
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تغاير معدل نبض القلب، ظاهرة فيزيولوجية تتميز بتغير الفاصل الزمني بين ضربات القلب. تشمل الطرق المستخدمة لتحديد معدل نبض القلب: تخطيط القلب الكهربائي، وقياس الضغط الشرياني، وقياس نبض القلب بواسط مقياس النبض الإصبعي، ويعتبر تخطيط القلب الكهربائي أفضل هذه الطرق وأدقها لأنها يوضح شكل النبضة القلبية ومقدار انتظامها.
الأهمية السريرية
أكدت الدراسات السريرية أن انخفاض معدل ضربات القلب عامل خطورة مهم للوفيات بعد احتشاء العضلة القلبية. قد تترافق مجموعة من الأمراض والحالات الأخرى مع معدل تغاير معدل ضربات القلب (عادةً ما يكون انخفاض) ومنها: قصور القلب الاحتقاني، الاعتلال العصبي السكري، زرع القلب ومتلازمة موت الرضيع المفاجئ.
الأهمية النفسية والاجتماعية
تزايد الاهتمام في الفترة الأخيرة بموضوع تغاير معدل النبض وارتباطه بعلم النفس الفيزيولوجي، فعلى سبيل المثال يرتبط تغاير معدل النبض بالإثارة العاطفية، وقد أكدت الدراسات ارتفاع معدل النبض في أوقات الشدة والضغط العاطفي وحالات القلق، وقد يرتبط ذلك بزيادة الانتباه والتركيز وتثبيط الحركة خصوصًا عند الأفراد الذين يعانون من القلق.
التغيرات المتعلقة بأمراض معينة
لاحظ الباحثون ارتباط تغاير معدل نبض القلب مع العديد من أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية بالإضافة لأمراض أخرى متنوعة.
احتشاء العضلة القلبية
قد يحدث انخفاض معدل نبض القلب بعد احتشاء العضلة القلبية بسبب انخفاض تنبيه العصب المبهم، ويظهر معدل ضربات القلب عند المرضى الذين نجوا من احتشاء عضلة القلب الحاد انخفاضًا في القوة الإجمالية للنبضة القلبية. وقد يفسر التغيير في التحكم العصبي الاختلاف في معدل ضربات القلب بين الليل والنهار.
الاعتلال السكري العصبي
يتميز الاعتلال العصبي المرتبط بالداء السكري بتغيير في الألياف العصبية الصغيرة، ويبدو أن انخفاض الفاصل الزمني لمعدل ضربات القلب يحمل قيمة تنبؤية سلبية ويحدث حتى قبل ظهور أعراض الاعتلال العصبي سريريًا.
زرع القلب
يحدث انخفاض شديد في معدل ضربات القلب مع عدم وجود مكونات تخطيطية محددة في المرضى الذين خضعوا لعملية زرع قلب مؤخرًا، ويعتبر ظهور مكونات تخطيطية محددة في عدد قليل من المرضى مؤشرًا على إعادة تعصيب القلب. قد تحدث عملية إعادة التعصب هذه في وقت مبكر خلال عام إلى عامين بعد عملية الزرع.
ضعف العضلة القلبية
يحدث انخفاض في معدل نبضات القلب باستمرار عند المرضى الذين يعانون من قصور قلب. يحدث في هذه الحالة فرط تفعيل ودي مثل زيادة سرعة دقات القلب وارتفاع مستويات الكاتيكولامينات في الدم، وقد أظهرت الدراسات وجود علاقة بين معدل تغاير النبض ومستوى ضعف عضلة البطين الأيسر، وربما يكون انخفاض معدل نبضات القلب موازيًا لشدة المرض، لكن العلاقة بين المكونات التخطيطية ومستويات الضعف البطيني أكثر تعقيدًا.
تشمع الكبد
يرتبط تشمع الكبد بانخفاض معدل ضربات القلب، ولانخفاض معدل ضربات القلب في مرضى تشمع الكبد قيمة إنذارية للتنبؤ بالوفيات. يرتبط معدل تغاير النبض أيضًا بارتفاع مستويات السيتوكينات التي تؤدي للالتهابات في البلازما وضعف الوظيفة الإدراكية العصبية عند هذه الفئة من المرضى.
الإنتان
ينخفض معدل ضربات القلب عند مرضى الإنتان، ولانخفاض معل ضربات القلب قيمة تشخيصية وإنذارية عند الأطفال الصغار المصابين بالإنتان، لكن الفيزيولوجيا المرضية لانخفاض معدل ضربات القلب عند المرضى الذين يعانون من إنتان الدم ليست مفهومة جيدًا، ولكن هناك أدلة تجريبية تؤكد أن فصل التحكم العصبي اللإرادي عن خلايا ضربات القلب قد يلعب دورًا في انخفاض معدل ضربات القلب أثناء الإنتان الجهازي الحاد.
الشلل الرباعي
رغم أن المرضى الذين يعانون من آفات في النخاع الشوكي الرقبي لديهم تعصيب طبيعي للقلب، لكن يمكن ملاحظة اضطراب في نظم القلب عند هؤلاء المرضى دون تغيرات تخطيطية نموذجية.
الموت القلبي المفاجئ
لوحظ أنَّ ضحايا الموت القلبي المفاجئ لديهم انخفاض في معدل تغاير النبض مقارنة بالأفراد الأصحاء، ويمكن ملاحظة انخفاض معدل نبض القلب لديهم قبل حدوث الموت القلبي المفاجئ، ما يثير أسئلة حول ما إذا كانت الوظيفة العصبية اللاإرادية المتغيرة تلعب دورًا في تطور عدم استقرار كهربائي. يصاب الناجون من الداء المنجلي بنقص معدل النبض أيضًا، ويكون هؤلاء أكثر عرضة للإصابة بنوبات قلبية لاحقًا.
السرطان
يرتبط تغاير معدل النبض بتطور مرض السرطان وفقًا لمراجعة منهجية للدراسات العلمية المنشورة. يكون معدل تغاير النبض أعلى بكثير عند مرضى السرطان في المراحل المبكرة منه من مرضى المراحل المتقدمة، ما يشير إلى أن شدة المرض تؤثر بشدة على معدل تغاير النبض، ويمكن ملاحظة تغاير المعدل أيضًا بين الأورام الخبيثة المختلفة.
التعديلات المرتبطة بإجراءات محددة
قد تكون الإجراءات التي تزيد من معدل ضربات القلب وقائية ضد الوفيات القلبية والموت القلبي المفاجئ، ورغم أن الأساس النظري لهذه الفكرة صحيح، إلا أن الافتراض بأن تعديل معدل تغاير النبض سيؤدي لحماية القلب يفتقر للأدلة. تزايدت الآراء العلمية التي تؤكد أن الزيادات في النشاط المبهمي يمكن أن يكون مفيدًا للقلب، ولكن لم يُعرف حتى الآن مقدار النشاط المبهمي الكافي لتحقيق حماية للقلب.
حاصرات بيتا
لا تتوفر بيانات كافية حول تأثير حاصرات بيتا على تغاير معدل النبض عند المرضى الناجين من احتشاء العضلة القلبية، رغم وجود أدلة إحصائية على ذلك. أظهرت الدراسات التي أجريت على الكلاب الحية في فترة ما بعد احتشاء العضلة القلبية أن حصارات بيتا لا تؤثر بشكلٍ كافٍ على تغاير معدل النبض عندها، ولكنها قد تؤثر عند الكلاب التي تكون معرضةً للإصابة باضطراب نظم مميت.
الأدوية المضادة لاضطراب نظم القلب
تتتوفر بيانات حول تأثير العديد من الأدوية المضادة لاضطراب نظم القلب، وبعضها يستخدم لتعديل معدل تغاير النبض عند المرضى الذين يعانون من عدم انتظام ضربات القلب البطيني المزمن، وبعض الأدوية المضادة لاضطراب النظم يمكن أن تقلل من معدل ضربات القلب.
سكوبولامين
قد تؤدي حاصرات مستقبلات المسكارين إذا أعطيت بجرعة منخفضة - مثل الأتروبين والسكوبولامين - إلى زيادة متناقضة في تأثيرات المبهم على القلب، ما يؤدي إلى تبدلات مهمة في معدل تغاير النبض، ويمكن أن يزيد السكوبولامين والأتروبين بجرعة منخفضة بشكل ملحوظ من معدل ضربات القلب.
حالات الخثرة
بحثت إحدى الدراسات حول تأثير حالَّات الخثرة على معدل تغاير النبض عند 95 مريضًا يعانون من احتشاء عضلة قلبية حاد، وقد لوحظ ارتفاع معدل تغاير النبض بعد 90 دقيقة من تطبيق حالات الخثرة وحدوث انحلال في الخثرة التي تسد الشريان المرتبط بالاحتشاء، لكن هذا الاختلاف لم يعد ملحوظًا بعد أربع وعشرين ساعة.
التمرينات
قد تقلل التمارين الرياضية المنتظمة من معدل الوفيات التي تسببها الأمراض القلبية الوعائية والموت القلبي المفاجئ، ويُعتقد أيضًا أن التمارين المنتظمة تؤدي إلى تعديل التحكم العصبي اللاإرادي في العضلة القلبية. يعاني الأفراد الذين يمارسون الرياضة بانتظام من بطء قلب فيزيولوجي يحدث أثناء الراحة، ويكون معدل ضربات القلب لديهم أثناء الراحة أقل عمومًا من بقية الأفراد.
المراجع
إحصاء طبي
إحصائيات معالجة الإشارة
طب القلب
علامات طبية
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9380127
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%20%28%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%29
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مورافا (سيجارة)
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مورافا (سيجارة)
مورافا هي علامة تجارية صربية للسجائر كانت تمتلكها و تصنعها عمليات فيليب موريس .
تاريخ
أسست شركة موراڤا في الجمهورية الاشتراكية الصربية و سميت بهذا الاسم بسبب نهر مورافا، الذي كانت تُسَلَّم غالبية السجائر عن طريقه. كان التدخين محظورًا في ذلك الوقت، ولكن بعد الاحتجاجات، تم تعديل القانون لمنع فقط زراعة التبغ. بعد النقص الكبير، تم توقيع عقد مع شركة فيليب موريس البريطانية لاستيراد السجائر المصنعة مسبقًا، مما سمح لمورافا بتوفير ما يكفي من السجائر تقريبًا للبلاد بأكملها. استخدمت الشركة نفس النهر الذي سُمِّيَت بسببه لنقل البضائع. كانت موراڤا واحدة من أفضل العلامات التجارية مبيعًا في السوق اليوغوسلافي، وكانت واحدة من العلامات التجارية القليلة للسجائر (جنبًا إلى جنب مع درينا) التي نجت بعد انهيار يوغوسلافيا. تم وقف تصنيع أخر نوع من السجائر لمورافا في نهاية المطاف بعد عام ٢٠٠٥ بسبب ضعف المبيعات.
الأسواق
كانت تُباع موراڤا في الدول التالية: النمسا، مملكة يوغوسلافيا، جمهورية يوغوسلافيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية، جمهورية سلوفينيا الاشتراكية، جمهورية البوسنة والهرسك الاشتراكية، جمهورية صربيا الاشتراكية و جمهورية صربيا (١٩٩٢-٢٠٠٦).
أنظر أيضا
تدخين التبغ
علامات تجارية صربية
علامات تجارية للسجائر
منتجات عرضت في 1992
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6066048
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%20%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86
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نيكولاس كامبيون
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نيكولاس كامبيون هو منجم بريطاني، ولد في 4 مارس 1953 في برستل في المملكة المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص من بريستول
خريجو كلية كوينز (كامبريج)
كتاب من بريستول
منجمون في القرن 20
منجمون في القرن 21
مواليد 1953
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5171941
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%20%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88
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جيانيس إيوانو
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جيانيس إيوانو (9 أبريل 1984 بأنتيكيرا في اليونان - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم يوناني في مركز الدفاع. لعب مع أوليمبياكوس فولو وفوكيكوس ونادي بانيتوليكوس و و و و و.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص من أنتيكيرا
أشخاص من بيوتيا
لاعبو أوليمبياكوس فولو
لاعبو كرة قدم يونانيون
لاعبو نادي بانتليكوس
لاعبو نادي بانيجياليوس
لاعبو نادي فيزاس
مواليد 1984
رياضيون من وسط اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم من وسط اليونان
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285753
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenceslaus%20I%20of%20Bohemia
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Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
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Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
Wenceslaus I (c. 1205 – 23 September 1253), called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.
Wenceslaus was a son of Ottokar I of Bohemia and his second wife Constance of Hungary.
Marriage and children
In 1224, Wenceslaus married Kunigunde of Hohenstaufen, third daughter of Philip of Swabia, King of Germany, and his wife Irene Angelina. Wenceslaus encouraged large numbers of Germans to settle in the villages and towns in Bohemia and Moravia. Stone buildings began to replace wooden ones in Prague as a result of the influence of the new settlers.
Wenceslaus and Kunigunde had five known children:
Vladislaus III of Moravia (c. 1228 – 3 January 1247)
Ottokar II of Bohemia (c. 1230 – 26 August 1278)
Beatrice (c. 1231 – 27 May 1290), who married Otto III of Brandenburg
Agnes (died 10 August 1268), who married Henry III of Meissen
A daughter who died young
Early reign
On 6 February 1228, Wenceslaus was crowned as co-ruler of the Kingdom of Bohemia with his father. On 15 December 1230, Ottokar died and Wenceslaus succeeded him as the senior King of Bohemia.
His early reign was preoccupied by the threat to Bohemia posed by Frederick II, Duke of Austria. The expansionism of Frederick caused the concern and protestation of several other rulers. In 1236, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II was involved in a war against the Lombard League. The Emperor demanded Wenceslaus and other rulers of the Holy Roman Empire to lend him part of their own troops for his war effort. Wenceslaus led a group of princes who expressed their reluctance to divert any troops from the defense of their own territories, citing fear of invasion from the Duchy of Austria. They requested imperial intervention in the situation.
In June 1236, the Emperor imposed an imperial ban on the Duke of Austria. Troops dispatched against the Duke forced him to flee Vienna for Wiener Neustadt. He would continue to rule a rump state for the following year. The Emperor declared direct imperial rule in both Austria and the Duchy of Styria, also held by the fleeing Duke. Ekbert von Andechs-Meranien, former Bishop of Bamberg was installed as governor in the two Duchies. Ekbert would govern from February to his death on 5 June 1237. Wenceslaus was hardly pleased with this apparent expansion of direct imperial authority close to his borders. Wenceslaus and Duke Frederick formed an alliance against the Emperor. Frederick the Emperor chose to lift the ban in 1237 rather than maintain another open front. Wenceslaus managed to negotiate the expansion of Bohemia north of the Danube, annexing territories offered by Duke Frederick in order of forming and maintaining their alliance.
Wenceslaus and Frederick also found another ally in the person of Otto II, Duke of Bavaria. In June 1239, Wenceslaus and Otto left the Reichstag at Eger, abandoning the service of excommunicated Emperor Frederick II. Despite their intent to elect an anti-king, no such election would take place until 1246. In 1246, Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, was elected King of Germany in opposition to Emperor Frederick II and Conrad IV of Germany.
Mongol invasion
In 1241 Wenceslaus successfully repelled a raid on Bohemia by forces serving under Batu Khan and Subutai of the Mongol Empire as part of the Mongol invasion of Europe. The Mongols raided the Kingdom of Poland, Silesia and Moravia, led by Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan with a force of around 20,000 Mongols, causing much destruction.
During the Mongol invasion of Poland, Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia, Wenceslaus' brother in law, initially asked his help in fighting off the Mongols. However, as Wenceslaus was coming to his aid in Legnica with a force of 5000 soldiers, impatience forced Henry II to attack the Mongols without Bohemia's help which resulted in the devastating Battle of Legnica. Following the Mongol victory, Wenceslaus fell back to protect Bohemia. He gathered reinforcements from Thuringia and Saxony along the way, before taking refuge in Bohemia's mountainous countries whose terrain would reduce the mobility of the Mongolian cavalry. When a Mongol vanguard assaulted Kłodzko, the Bohemian cavalry easily defeated them in the mountain passes. After their failure against Wenceslaus' army, the Mongols led by Baidar and Kadan turned away from Bohemia and Poland and went southward to reunite with Batu and Subutai in Hungary, who had crushed the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohi.
When Subutai heard in 1242 that Grand Khan Ögedei had died the previous year, the Mongol army retreated eastward, because Subutai had three princes of the blood in his command and Genghis Khan had made clear that all descendants of the Khagan (Grand Khan) should return to the Mongol capital of Karakorum for the kurultai which would elect the next Khagan. Such was Wenceslaus' success against the invaders that chroniclers sent messages to Emperor Frederick II of his "victorious defense".
Duchy of Austria for Přemyslids
On 15 June 1246, Frederick II, Duke of Austria, was killed in the Battle of the Leitha River against Béla IV of Hungary. His death ended reign of the Babenberg dynasty in Austria. The matter of his succession would result in years of disputes among various heirs. Wenceslaus' foreign policy became focused on acquiring Austria for the Přemyslid dynasty. Meanwhile, Emperor Frederick II managed to once again place Austria under direct imperial rule. However imperial governor Otto von Eberstein had to contend with an Austrian rebellion, preventing immediate benefits from the annexation of the Duchy.
The Privilegium Minus, the document which had elevated Austria to a Duchy on 17 September 1156, allowed for the female line of the House of Babenberg to succeed to the throne. Gertrude, Duchess of Austria, niece of the late Frederick II, thus was able to claim the Duchy in her own right. Wenceslaus arranged for her marriage to his eldest son, Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia. Vladislaus was declared a jure uxoris Duke of Austria and managed to secure the support of part of the Austrian nobility. On 3 January 1247, Vladislaus died suddenly and the initial plan of Wenceslaus was negated. Gertrude continued her claim and proceeded to marry Herman VI, Margrave of Baden.
The rebellion
In 1248, Wenceslaus had to deal with a rebellion of the Bohemian nobility, led by his own son Ottokar II. Ottokar had been enticed by discontented nobles to lead the rebellion, during which he received the nickname "the younger King" (mladší král). Wenceslaus managed to defeat the rebels and imprisoned his son. Ottokar II held the title of King of Bohemia from 31 July 1248 to November 1249.
By the end of 1250, both the Emperor and Herman VI were deceased. The latter having never been accepted by the Austrian nobles, Gertrude and their only son Frederick I, Margrave of Baden continued their claim. Wenceslaus led a successful invasion of Austria, completed by 1251. Wenceslaus released Ottokar II and named him Margrave of Moravia. Wenceslaus had Ottokar proclaimed Duke of Austria and acclaimed by the nobility. In order to secure dynastic rights to Austria, Wenceslaus had another female Babenberg proclaimed Duchess and betrothed to his son. Margaret, Duchess of Austria, was a sister of Duke Frederick II and an aunt of Gertrude. She was also the widow of Henry (VII) of Germany, who had died in 1242. However, Margaret was much older than Ottokar. Their marriage took place on 11 February 1252.
Wenceslaus did not enjoy his victory for long. He died on 23 September 1253 and Ottokar II succeeded him.
Evaluation of the reign of Wenceslas I
Under the reign of Wenceslas I of Bohemia, the royal court came to cultivate lifestyles typical of contemporary Western Europe, including the culture of jousting and tournaments and the enjoyment of courtly poetry and songs. His government is associated with the establishment of Czech statehood, an increase of Czech political influence in Europe, the rise of Czech nobility, and continued development of urban life, trade and crafts.
Wenceslas, like his father and son, supported the arrival of ethnic Germans into the country. He was also the first to allow privileges to the Jews; however, they were expected to pay considerable sums of money for them.
Cities founded by Wenceslaus
Jihlava, 1233
Brno, 1238
Olomouc, c. 1240
Old Town, Prague, c. 1240
Stříbro, c. 1240
Loket, c. 1250
Žatec, c. 1250
Cheb, c. 1250
Přerov, 1252
References
Sources
External links
Přemyslid dynasty
Medieval kings of Bohemia
1205 births
1253 deaths
Czech military leaders
Bohemian monarchs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%2080
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 80
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 80
United Nations Security Council Resolution 80, adopted on March 14, 1950, having received the reports of the Commission for India and Pakistan, as well as a report from General A. G. L. McNaughton, the Council commended India and Pakistan for their compliance with the ceasefire and for the demilitarization of Jammu and Kashmir and agreement on Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz as the future Plebiscite Administrator.
The resolution called for:
Simultaneous and progressive demilitarisation by both India and Pakistan to the point where the remaining force would "not cause fear at any point of time to the people on either side of cease-fire line."
The northern areas to be administered by local authorities, subjected to UN supervision
The Council to appoint a United Nations Representative to assist in the preparations and implementation of the demilitarization program, to advise the Governments of India and Pakistan as well as those of the Council, to exercise all of the power and responsibilities of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan, to arrange for the Plebiscite Administrator to assume all the functions assigned to him at the appropriate stage of demilitarization and to report to the Council as he saw necessary.
The resolution 80 marked a shift from the resolution 47 which called for Pakistan to withdraw first. Resolution 80 asked India and Pakistan to withdraw their troops simultaneously for the purpose of plebiscite. It also implicitly equated the Azad Kashmir Forces and the Jammu and Kashmir State Forces, which went against the assurances given by the earlier UN Commission. This attempt at the equality of Azad Kashmir and Jammu and Kashmir did not find India's agreement.
The Resolution went on to request the two governments to take all necessary precautions to ensure that the cease-fire continue, thanked the members of the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan as well as General A. G. L. McNaughton and agreed that the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan would be terminated one month after both parties have informed the United Nations Representative of their acceptance of the transfer of the powers and responsibilities of the United Nations Commission to him.
The resolution passed with eight votes in favour; India and Yugoslavia abstained, and the Soviet Union was absent when voting took place.
See also
Kashmir conflict
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1 to 100 (1946–1953)
References
Bibliography
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
0080
1950 in India
1950 in Pakistan
0080
March 1950 events
1950s in Jammu and Kashmir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Fuller
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Harry Fuller
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Harry Fuller
Henry W. Fuller (December 5, 1862 – December 12, 1895), was a professional baseball player who played third base in the Major Leagues for the 1891 St. Louis Browns. His brother, Shorty Fuller, also played professional baseball.
External links
1862 births
1895 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from Ohio
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
19th-century baseball players
Birmingham Ironmakers players
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Lima Lushers players
Springfield Senators players
Waco Babies players
Evansville Hoosiers players
Rockford Hustlers players
Mobile Blackbirds players
Amsterdam Carpet Tacks players
Portsmouth Truckers players
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86
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الاتحاد الدولي للمخترعين
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الاتحاد الدولي للمخترعين
الاتحاد الدولي المخترعين هي منظمة غير حكومية غير ربحية تأسست في لندن ، في 11 يوليو 1968 ، من قبل جمعيات المخترعين في الدنمارك وفنلندا وألمانيا وبريطانيا والنرويج والسويد وسويسرا.
تاريخ
تأسست المنظمة في عام 1968 في لندن بالتعاون مع ممثلي سبع دول أوروبية هي الدنمارك وفنلندا وألمانيا وبريطانيا والنرويج والسويد وسويسرا. تم تسجيل المنظمة كأحد شركاء مكتب جنيف الدولي للأمم المتحدة في جنيف. شعار المنظمة مسجل في المعهد الفيدرالي السويسري للملكية الفكرية. تضم المنظمة منظمات أعضاء في أكثر من 100 دولة ، وحوالي 175 منظمة عضو في المجموع. لدى المنظمة جمعية عمومية ، تضم لجنة تنفيذية وتنتخب رئيس الاتحاد. في عام 2018 ، أسست المنظمة مهرجان وادي السيليكون الدولي للاختراع.
يعتبر عالم البيولوجية العراقي حازم الدراجي العالم العربي الوحيد عضو في منظمة الاتحاد الدولي للمخترعين حصل على هذه العضوية لأول مرة في تاريخ العرب والعراق.
أنشطة
تنظم المنظمة وتدعم نشر الكتب المرجعية والأدلة والاستطلاعات والدراسات والمؤتمرات والاتفاقيات والمسابقات والجوائز للاختراعات والمعارض التوضيحية المتعلقة بالمخترعين والاختراعات والخدمات الاستشارية. والتي تشمل منذ عام 2015 ميدالية أفضل اختراع ، وميدالية السفير ، والميدالية التذكارية. تضمنت الجوائز السابقة الميدالية الذهبية العالمية. وقد مُنحت الميدالية التذكارية لكل من إيفو يوسيبوفيام ، ورئيس كرواتيا تيريزا ستانيك ريا ، والمدير بالنيابة لمكتب الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ، بينوا باتيستيلي ، ورئيس المكتب الأوروبي للبراءات ميكلوس بندزيل ، والمدير العام المنظمة العالمية للملكية الفكرية فرانسيس غري ، ونائب رئيس الوزراء التايلاندي براجين جونتونج.
الرؤساء
يتم انتخاب الرئيس من قبل الجمعية العامة لمدة أربع سنوات (حتى الدورة العادية للجمعية العامة).
المصادر
اختراعات
مخترعون
منظمات غير حكومية
منظمات غير ربحية
منظمات غير ربحية مقرها في أوروبا
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الغفقيه (جازان)
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الغفقيه (جازان)
قرية الغفقيه، أحد قرى منطقة جازان وهي قرية سكنية تابعة لبلدية محافظة أحد المسارحة جنوب غرب المملكة العربية السعودية ، تبعد 10 كم شمال غرب مدينة أحد المسارحة.
انظر أيضًا
أحد المسارحة
أبو عريش
وصلات خارجية
بلدية محافظة أبو عريش
حصر الخدمات بالمدن والقرى بمنطقة جازان
دليل الخدمات بمنطقة جازان
مصادر
أماكن مأهولة في منطقة جازان
مدن منطقة جازان
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88
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تشانس بيدرومو
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تشانس بيدرومو هو ممثل إنجليزي ولد في الولايات المتحدة، أشتهر بدور أمبروز سبيلمان في مسلسل مغامرات صابرينا المخيفة.
المراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أمريكيون من أصل غواياني
أمريكيون مهاجرون إلى إنجلترا
إنجليز من أصل إفريقي أمريكي
إنجليز من أصل غياني
ممثلو أفلام بريطانيون
ممثلو تلفزيون بريطانيون
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 21
ممثلون بريطانيون في القرن 21
ممثلون ذكور من ساوثهامبتون
ممثلون وممثلات من لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownsburg-Chatham
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Brownsburg-Chatham
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Brownsburg-Chatham is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Argenteuil Regional County Municipality.
Economic activities include agriculture, tourism and the manufacture of explosives. It is the hometown of late Montreal Canadiens defenceman Gilles Lupien.
Geography
Brownsburg-Chatham is located along the Ottawa River, just west of Lachute, and includes the communities of Brownsburg, Cushing, Dalesville, Greece's Point, Pine Hill, and Saint-Philippe.
History
Chatham Township was established in 1799, and named after English Statesman William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1708–1778). Mostly populated by rich American Loyalists, its post office opened in 1829 and the township municipality was formed in 1845. By the mid-19th century, there were a few hamlets including Dalesville, Brownsbury, and Starneville.
In 1818, Major George Brown, born in England, was granted by the government land on the West River (Rivière de l'Ouest). Together with pioneers Daniel Smith and Captain A. L. Howard, he was able to breathe life into the local industry during the 1820s. George Brown built, among other achievements, a sawmill and gristmill which contributed to the economic growth of the region and led to the formation of Brownsburg village which was named after him. In 1854, the Brownsburg Post Office opened. Later in the third quarter of the 19th century, a major arms factory run by the Dominion Cartridge Company was the major local industry.
In 1935, the Village Municipality of Brownsburg was officially established by separating from the Township Municipality of Chatham.
On October 6, 1999, Brownsburg was rejoined with Chatham and the new Municipality of Brownsburg-Chatham was formed. On July 6, 2002, the municipality changed its statutes and became the Town of Brownsburg-Chatham.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brownsburg-Chatham had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Local government
The city council meetings are available online since February 2, 2016.
List of former mayors:
Lise Bourgault (2003–2009)
Georges Dinel (2009–2013)
Serge Riendeau (2013–2017)
Catherine Trickey (2017–2021)
Kévin Maurice (2021–present)
Education
The Centre de services scolaire de la Rivière-du-Nord operates French-language public schools.
École primaire Bouchard
École primaire St-Philippe
École polyvalente Lavigne in Lachute
The Sir Wilfrid Laurier School Board operates English-language public schools:
Laurentian Elementary School in Lachute serves almost all areas
Grenville Elementary School in Grenville serves a small section of Chatham
Laurentian Regional High School in Lachute serves all areas
See also
List of cities in Quebec
References
External links
Ville de Brownsburg-Chatham (French and English)
Cities and towns in Quebec
Incorporated places in Laurentides
Populated places established in 1799
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%20%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86
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ويسلي جون
|
ويسلي جون (و. ) هو لاعب كرة قدم فنسينتي، ولد في كينغستاون، مركز لعبه هو مُدَافِع.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من كينغستاون
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الشرطة
لاعبو كأس كونكاكاف الذهبية 1996
لاعبو كرة قدم فنسينتيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ترينيداد وتوباغو
لاعبو منتخب سانت فنسينت والجرينادينز لكرة القدم
مواليد 1976
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54639364
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam%20Shah
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Alam Shah
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Alam Shah
Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah was the fourth and last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty which ruled the Delhi Sultanate. He did not go on much campaigns as a ruler and mostly spent his time reading the Quran.
Life
Born Ala ud-Din, he succeeded his father, Muhammad Shah to the throne and took on the regnal name of Alam Shah ("World King").
Alam Shah abandoned his charge in 1448 leaving Delhi and retired to Budaun. Three years later, Bahlul Lodi, who had made two prior attempts at capturing Delhi, took control of the capital to mark the beginning of the Lodi dynasty.
Notes
References
Sayyid dynasty
Indian people of Arab descent
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%20%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86
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دانيال أندرسن
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دانيال أندرسن هو ملحن دنماركي، ولد في 25 نوفمبر 1885 في في الدنمارك، وتوفي في 30 أبريل 1959 في كوبنهاغن في الدنمارك.
مراجع
خزفيون دنماركيون
خزفيون دنماركيون في القرن 20
فنانون دنماركيون
فنانون ذكور في القرن 20
ملحنون
ملحنون دنماركيون
مواليد 1885
موسيقيون ذكور دنماركيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون ذكور في القرن 20
نحاتون
نحاتون دنماركيون في القرن 20
وفيات 1959
فنانون ذكور دنماركيون في القرن 20
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34761504
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Murphy%20%28politician%29
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Edward Murphy (politician)
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Edward Murphy (politician)
Edward Murphy (July 26, 1818 – December 5, 1895) was a Canadian politician.
Born in County Carlow, Ireland, he emigrated to Lower Canada when he was six. He was appointed to the Senate for the division of Victoria, Quebec on the advice of Sir John A. Macdonald in 1889. A Liberal-Conservative, he served until his death in 1895.
In 1882, he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre.
There is an Edward Murphy fonds at Library and Archives Canada.
References
1818 births
1895 deaths
Canadian senators from Quebec
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Politicians from County Carlow
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Immigrants to Lower Canada
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC%20%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86
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برج تاتلين
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برج تاتلين مشروع لبرج تم اقتراحه عام 1917 م بعد الثورة البلشفية في سانت بطرسبيرغ. وقدم نموذج المشروع المعماري الروسي فلاديمير تاتلين عام 1919 م في ذكرى المؤتمر الاشتراكي العالمي الثالث . كمبنى مرتفع ورمز تذكاري للشيوعية العالمية . يحتوي على مكاتب ومكتب تلغراف ومطاعم .
من أعمال تاتلين بالغة الأعمية في هذا السياق، تصميمه في العام 1919 للنصب التذكاري لذكرى المؤتمر الاشتراكي العالمي الثالث الذي كان على هيئة برج معدني ضخم بارتفاع يعادل ضعف ارتفاع الإمباير ستيت في نيويورك ، بارتفاع 400 م يتكون من لولبين حلزونيين بداخلهما أربع حجوم أساسية من المفترض أن تحوي كل منها على قاعة مخصصة لاجتماعات مجالس ولجان معينة. وكان من المفترض أن تدور كل منها حول محور مستقل لكل منها، بحيث تتم كل قاعة دورة كاملة في فترة زمنية تتناسب ومواعيد الاجتماعات والنشاطات.لم يتم تنفيذ هذا التصميم لكن عندما تم عرض المجسم الخشبي المصغر لهذا التصميم الطموح لأول مرة عام 1920 إعتلته راية من قماش كتب عليها «المهندسون يصنعون الأشكال الجديدة» . وكانت هذه إشارة صريحة إلى نزعة حداثية لتمجيد الآلة و الإنجازات التكنلوجية للعصر الصناعي، كما في النزعات المستقبلية الإيطالية .
لغة التشكيل
يؤكد تاتلين من ناحية في تصميمه على أهمية النهج العلمي في اختيار الأشكال المعمارية، تماما كما يقوم المهندسون من مختلف التخصصات، وبخاصة المهندس الصناعي، في تصميمه للآلات ، وهذا هو المقصود بالعبارة التي خطت على الراية التي اعتلت النصب ابان عرضه لأول مرة عام 1920. ومن ناحية أخرى، لاشك بأن تتلن كان واعيا لتأثيرات الأشكال المختلفة على إحساسات المشاهد، ومنها اختياره للأشكال اللولبية الحلزونية لما لها من إيحاءات بالحركة والديناميكية.
ويمتاز مشروعه أيضا بالخطوط والأسطح المنحنية كعناصر تشكيل أساسية ، وبالتكوينات الفراغية الحرة .
الرمزية في المباني . والديناميكية من خلال الخطوط غير المنتهية .
انظر أيضا
بنائية (عمارة)
برج شوخوف
وصلات خارجية
برج تاتلين والعالم
برج تاتلين - نصب المعرض الثالث في موسكو - مجسم ثلاثي الأبعاد لبرج تاتلين
مراجع
الآثار المقترحة
أبراج في روسيا
سانت بطرسبرغ
عمارة بنائية
فنون سوفيتية
كومنترن
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كلوريد المغنيسيوم
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كلوريد المغنيسيوم هو اسم لمركبات كيميائية بصيغ مختلفة مثل MgCl2 و MgCl2(H2O)x. وهي أملاح هاليدات أيونية نموذجية، كونها قابلة للذوبان في الماء بدرجة كبيرة. ويمكن استخراج كلوريد المغنيسيوم المائي من مياه البحر أو الماء المالح، حيث يتم إنتاجه في أمريكا الشمالية في المقام الأول من محلول بحيرة سولت ليك الكبرى، في عملية مماثلة لاستخراجه من البحر الميت في وادي الأردن. ويُعتبر كلوريد المغنيسيوم المائي الشكل المتاح بسهولة منه حاليًا.
طالع أيضاً
بيشوفيت
مراجع
مغنسيوم
مركبات المغنيسيوم
هاليدات معدنية
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توفيق الحلالمة
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توفيق الحلالمة
توفيق يوسف الحلالمة (1955 -) سياسي أردني ولد في قرية جوزا في الكرك. شغل منصب وزير الداخلية في حكومة بشر الخصاونة من 12 أكتوبر 2020، وحتى 12 نوفمبر 2020، حيث تقدّم باستقالته أدبيًا على أثر المخالفات الشعبية التي أعقبت الانتخابات النيابية الأردنية 2020 وجرى قبول الاستقالة، يُذكر أنه كان قد عُيّن في مجلس الأعيان قبل أسبوعين من تشكيل الحكومة، وكان عليه الاستقالة لتولي المنصب الجديد الذي تولاه خلفا لـ «سلامة حماد»، يعتبر أول قائد لقوات الدرك منذ أن تم تشكيلها عام 2008 وبقي في المنصب حتى أحيل للتقاعد العام 2010.
أنهى دراسته الثانوية والتحق بالكلية العسكرية الملكية كتلميذ مرشّح عام 1977م وتم اختياره للانضمام لصفوف القوات الخاصة الملكية وتدرج في المناصب وصولا لقيادة كتيبة المظليين - القوات الخاصة. نقل من القوات المسلحة الأردنية للعمل كقائد للشرطة الخاصة في الأمن العام 1999.ثم عمل قائدا لشرطة الطوارئ ثم مديرا لادارة العمليات وتم اختياره مرة اخرة للعمل كقائد لقوات الأمن الخاصة.
في 12 نوفمبر 2020 قدم استقالته من منصبه أي بعد شهر تقريبا من تعيينه وزيرا للداخلية من منطلق تكريس المسؤولية الادبية والسياسية حيث أعلن رئيس الوزراء بشر الخصاونة قبوله لإستقالته على اثر المخالفات التي حدثت من مظاهر احتفال وشغب تلت العملية الانتخابية لمجلس النواب التاسع عشر. وعن قيام بعض المواطنين بحمل للسلاح واستخدامه في بعض مناطق المملكة.
مراجع
حكومة بشر الخصاونة
سياسيون أردنيون
سياسيون أردنيون في القرن 21
وزراء أردنيون
وزراء داخلية أردنيون
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فاست لان كارناج
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فاست لان كارناج هي لعبة فيديو سباقات على مايكروسوفت ويندوز طورتها بارالاكس فاكتوري ونشرتها غوست بابليشينغ وفروغستر إنتراكتيف في عام 2006.
مراجع
ألعاب فيديو 2006
ألعاب فيديو سباقات
ألعاب ويندوز
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical%20Latin
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Ecclesiastical Latin
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Ecclesiastical Latin, also called Church Latin or Liturgical Latin, is a form of Latin developed to discuss Christian thought in Late Antiquity and used in Christian liturgy, theology, and church administration down to the present day, especially in the Catholic Church. It includes words from Vulgar Latin and Classical Latin (as well as Greek and Hebrew) re-purposed with Christian meaning. It is less stylized and rigid in form than Classical Latin, sharing vocabulary, forms, and syntax, while at the same time incorporating informal elements which had always been with the language but which were excluded by the literary authors of Classical Latin.
Its pronunciation was partly standardized in the late 8th century during the Carolingian Renaissance as part of Charlemagne's educational reforms, and this new letter-by-letter pronunciation, used in France and England, was adopted in Iberia and Italy a couple of centuries afterwards. As time passed, pronunciation diverged depending on the local vernacular language, giving rise to even highly divergent forms such as the traditional English pronunciation of Latin, which has now been largely abandoned for reading Latin texts. Within the Catholic Church and in certain Protestant churches, such as the Anglican Church, a pronunciation based on modern Italian phonology, known as Italianate Latin, has become common since the late 19th century.
Ecclesiastical Latin was the language of liturgical rites in the Latin Church, as well as the Western Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is occasionally used in Anglican Church and Lutheran Church liturgies as well. Today, ecclesiastical Latin is primarily used in official documents of the Catholic Church, in the Tridentine Mass, and it is still learned by clergy.
The Ecclesiastical Latin that is used in theological works, liturgical rites and dogmatic proclamations varies in style: syntactically simple in the Vulgate Bible, hieratic (very restrained) in the Roman Canon of the Mass, terse and technical in Thomas Aquinas's , and Ciceronian (syntactically complex) in Pope John Paul II's encyclical letter .
Usage
Late antique usage
The use of Latin in the Church started in the late fourth century with the split of the Roman Empire after Emperor Theodosius in 395. Before this split, Greek was the primary language of the Church as well as the language of the eastern half of the Roman Empire. Following the split, early theologians like Jerome translated Greek and Hebrew texts into Latin, the dominant language of the Western Roman Empire. The loss of Greek in the Western half of the Roman Empire, and the loss of Latin in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire were not immediate, but changed the culture of language as well as the development of the Church. What especially differentiates Ecclesiastical Latin from Classical Latin is the consequences of its use as a language for translating, since it has borrowed and assimilated constructions and vocabulary from the koine Greek, while adapting the meanings of some Latin words to those of the koine Greek originals, which are sometimes themselves translations of Hebrew originals.
Medieval usage
At first there was no distinction between Latin and the actual Romance vernacular, the former being just the traditional written form of the latter. For instance, in ninth-century Spain was simply the correct way to spell , meaning 'century'. The writer would not have actually read it aloud as any more than an English speaker today would pronounce ⟨knight⟩ as .
The spoken version of Ecclesiastical Latin was created later during the Carolingian Renaissance. The English scholar Alcuin, tasked by Charlemagne with improving the standards of Latin writing in France, prescribed a pronunciation based on a fairly literal interpretation of Latin spelling. For example, in a radical break from the traditional system, a word such as ⟨⟩ 'orchard' now had to be read aloud precisely as it was spelled rather than (later spelled as Old French ). The Carolingian reforms soon brought the new Church Latin from France to other lands where Romance was spoken.
Usage during the Reformation and in modern Protestant churches
The use of Latin in the Western Church continued into the Early modern period. One of Martin Luther's tenets during the Reformation was to have services and religious texts in the common tongue, rather than Latin, a language that at the time, many did not understand. Protestants refrained from using Latin in services, however Protestant clergy had to learn and understand Latin as it was the language of higher learning and theological thought until the 18th century. After the Reformation, in the Lutheran churches, Latin was retained as the language of the Mass for weekdays, although for the Sunday Sabbath, the Deutsche Messe was to be said. In Geneva, among the Reformed churches, "persons called before the consistory to prove their faith answered by reciting the Paternoster, the Ave Maria, and the Credo in Latin." In the Anglican Church, the Book of Common Prayer was published in Latin, alongside English. John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist churches, "used Latin text in doctrinal writings", as Martin Luther and John Calvin did in their era. In the training of Protestant clergy in Württemberg, as well as in the Rhineland, universities instructed divinity students in Latin and their examinations were conducted in this language. The University of Montauban, under Reformed auspices, required that seminarians complete two theses, with one being in Latin; thus Reformed ministers were "Latinist by training", comparable to Catholic seminarians.
Modern Catholic usage
Ecclesiastical Latin continues to be the official language of the Catholic Church. The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) decreed that the Mass would be translated into vernacular languages. The Church produces liturgical texts in Latin, which provide a single clear point of reference for translations into all other languages. The same holds for the texts of canon law. Pope Benedict XVI gave his unexpected resignation speech in Latin.
The Holy See has for some centuries usually drafted documents in a modern language, but the authoritative text, published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis, is usually in Latin. Some texts may be published initially in a modern language and be later revised, according to a Latin version (or "editio typica"), after this Latin version is published. For example, the Catechism of the Catholic Church was drafted and published, in 1992, in French. The Latin text appeared five years later, in 1997, and the French text was corrected to match the Latin version, which is regarded as the official text. The Latin-language department of the Vatican Secretariat of State (formerly the Secretaria brevium ad principes et epistolarum latinarum) is charged with the preparation in Latin of papal and curial documents. Sometimes, the official text is published in a modern language, e.g., the well-known edict Tra le sollecitudini (1903) by Pope Pius X (in Italian) and Mit brennender Sorge (1937) by Pope Pius XI (in German).
Comparison with Classical Latin
There are not many differences between Classical Latin and Church Latin. One can understand Church Latin knowing the Latin of classical texts, as the main differences between the two are in pronunciation and spelling, as well as vocabulary.
In many countries, those who speak Latin for liturgical or other ecclesiastical purposes use the pronunciation that has become traditional in Rome by giving the letters the value they have in modern Italian but without distinguishing between open and close and . and coalesce with . and before and are pronounced (English ) and (English ), respectively. before a vowel is generally pronounced (unless preceded by , or ). Such speakers pronounce consonantal (not written as ) as as in English, not as Classical . Like in Classical Latin, double consonants are pronounced with gemination.
The distinction in Classical Latin between long and short vowels is ignored, and instead of the 'macron' or 'apex', lines to mark the long vowel, an acute accent is used for stress. The first syllable of two-syllable words is stressed; in longer words, an acute accent is placed over the stressed vowel: adorémus 'let us adore'; Dómini 'of the Lord'.
Language materials
The complete text of the Bible in Latin, the revised Vulgate, appears at Nova Vulgata – Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio. New Advent gives the entire Bible, in the Douay version, verse by verse, accompanied by the Vulgate Latin of each verse.
In 1976, the Latinitas Foundation (Opus Fundatum Latinitas in Latin) was established by Pope Paul VI to promote the study and use of Latin. Its headquarters are in Vatican City. The foundation publishes an eponymous quarterly in Latin. The foundation also published a 15,000-word Italian-Latin Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis (Dictionary of Recent Latin), which provides Latin coinages for modern concepts, such as a bicycle (birota), a cigarette (fistula nicotiana), a computer (instrumentum computatorium), a cowboy (armentarius), a motel (deversorium autocineticum), shampoo (capitilavium), a strike (operistitium), a terrorist (tromocrates), a trademark (ergasterii nota), an unemployed person (invite otiosus), a waltz (chorea Vindobonensis), and even a miniskirt (tunicula minima) and hot pants (brevissimae bracae femineae). Some 600 such terms extracted from the book appear on a page of the Vatican website. The Latinitas Foundation was superseded by the Pontifical Academy for Latin in 2012.
Current use
Latin remains an oft-used language of the Holy See and the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church. Until the 1960s and still later in Roman colleges like the Gregorian, Catholic priests studied theology using Latin textbooks and the language of instruction in many seminaries was also Latin, which was seen as the language of the Church Fathers. The use of Latin in pedagogy and in theological research, however, has since declined. Nevertheless, canon law requires for seminary formation to provide for a thorough training in Latin, though "the use of Latin in seminaries and pontifical universities has now dwindled to the point of extinction." Latin was still spoken in recent international gatherings of Catholic leaders, such as the Second Vatican Council, and it is still used at conclaves to elect a new Pope. The Tenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in 2004 was the most recent to have a Latin-language group for discussions.
Although Latin is the traditional liturgical language of the Western (Latin) Church, the liturgical use of the vernacular has predominated since the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council: liturgical law for the Latin Church states that Mass may be celebrated either in Latin or another language in which the liturgical texts, translated from Latin, have been legitimately approved. The permission granted for continued use of the Tridentine Mass in its 1962 form authorizes use of the vernacular language in proclaiming the Scripture readings after they are first read in Latin.
In historic Protestant churches, such as the Anglican Communion and Lutheran churches, Ecclesiastical Latin is occasionally employed in sung celebrations of the Mass.
Church Latin kana
In the hymnbook used in the Catholic Church in Japan, there are some special kana characters. To represent the sound in the Latin language, the R column kana letters with ゜(the handakuten diacritic) are used (such as for [la], for [le], for [li], for [lo] and for [lu]).
References
Citations
Sources
(A course in ecclesiastical Latin.)
Further reading
A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin by John F. Collins, (Catholic University of America Press, 1985) . A learner's first textbook, comparable in style, layout, and coverage to Wheelock's Latin, but featuring text selections from the liturgy and the Vulgate: unlike Wheelock, it also contains translation and composition exercises.
External links
Latin and the Catholic Church
(in Latin here)
Catechism of the Catholic Church in Latin
Fr. Nikolaus Gihr, The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass "The Language Used in the Celebration of the Holy Mass "
Bibles
The Latin Vulgate version of the Bible
NewAdvent.org Side-by-side comparisons of the Ancient Greek, English, and Latin Vulgate Bibles.
Ordo Missae of the 1970 Roman Missal, Latin and English texts, rubrics in English only
Latin-English Study Bible Side-by-side of the Vulgate Latin and English
Parallel Latin-English Psalter
Breviaries
Divinum Officium
Latin-English pre-Vatican-II Breviary
Other documents
"Documenta Catholica Omnia"—Multi-language Catholic eBook database of all the writings of Holy Popes, Councils, Church Fathers and Doctors, and Allied Auctors. Retrieved November 2018.
The Christian Latin Library—a collection of ecclesiastical Latin texts by Christian authors. Retrieved November 2018.
Complete Latin works of St. Augustine
Latin Logos Library—contains Classical, Medieval, and Ecclesiastical texts.
The Logic Museum—a collection of ecclesiastical Latin. Retrieved November 18.
Pope Benedict XVI's First Message with interlinear Latin-English translations
Course
"First Experience Latin with Fr. Reginald Foster", an ecclesiastical Latin course. Retrieved November 2018.
The Vatican's Lexicon Retrieved November 2018.
Latin Dictionary and Grammar Aid . Retrieved November 2018.
Languages attested from the 4th century
Latin language
Forms of Latin
Christian liturgical languages
Latin liturgical rites
Latin Church
Western Christianity
Languages of Vatican City
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غيضة برجف (المكلا)
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غيضة برجف (المكلا)
غيضة برجف هي إحدى قرى عزلة المكلا بمديرية المكلا التابعة لمحافظة حضرموت، بلغ تعداد سكانها 537 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
قرى عزلة المكلا
قرى مديرية المكلا
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عبد الله العامر
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عبد الله العامر (28 سبتمبر 1965 -)، منتج ومؤلف وممثل سعودي.
أعماله
التمثيل
مسلسل هوامير الصحراء - أربعة أجزاء.
مسلسل عمشة في ديرة النسوان.
مسلسل عمشة بنت عماش.
مسلسل وعاد قلبي إلى هناك.
مسلسل أبو شلاخ البرمائي.
مسلسل خلف خلاف.
مسلسل ابتسامات رمضانية.
مسلسل بيني وبينك - جزئين.
مسلسل سي بي ام فقرات كوميدية عرض على أم بي سي 1
تأليف
مسلسل هوامير الصحراء.
مسلسل أقارب وثعالب.
مسلسل عمشة في ديرة النسوان.
مسلسل عمشة بنت عماش.
الإنتاج
مسلسل هوامير الصحراء - أربعة أجزاء.
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
كتاب سعوديون
ممثلون وممثلات سعوديون
منتجون سعوديون
مواليد 1385 هـ
مواليد 1965
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بحيرة باين فلات
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بحيرة باين فلات
باين فلات (Pine Flat) هي بحيرة أو خزان اصطناعي في سفوح جبال سييرا نيفادا في شرق مقاطعة فريسنو ، كاليفورنيا على الحدود الشمالية الجنوبية الغربية إلى غابات سييرا وسيكويا الوطنية ، حوالي شرق فريسنو . تدار البحيرة من قبل فيلق المهندسين بالجيش الأمريكي (USACE) وهي مفتوحة لراكبي القوارب والمخيمين والمتنزهين.
تشكلت البحيرة من خلال بناء سد باين فلات على نهر الملوك عام 1954 من قبل فيلق المهندسين بالجيش الأمريكي ، وتبلغ سعتها التخزينية . على الرغم من أنه تم تصميمه بشكل أساسي للتحكم في الفيضانات ، إلا أن المشروع يوفر أيضًا الري وتغذية المياه الجوفية ، والترفيه ، ومع الانتهاء في عام 1984 من محطة Jeff L. Taylor Pine لتوليد الطاقة الكهرومائية ، لتوليد 165 ميجاوات من الطاقة الكهرومائية.
الترفيه والحياة البرية
البحيرة هي مقصد سياحي إقليمي شهير للاستجمام المائي. تتوفر حول البحيرة في مقاطعة ساكرامنتو العديد من مناطق الترفيه ومناطق إدارة الحياة البرية.
مناطق الترفيه والحياة البرية في منطقة بحيرة باين فلات:
منطقة استجمام دير كريك و باين فلات مارينا (يتم تشغيل المرسى بشكل خاص بموجب اتفاقية مع USACE).
منطقة آيلاند بارك الترفيهية للتخييم
منطقة ترفيه ليك فيو
منطقة اديسون بوينت للحياة البرية (مفتوحة للصيد ومشاهدة الحياة البرية)
منطقة الترفيه تريمر سبرينغز وأرض المخيم
منطقة الحياة البرية في سيكامور كريك (مفتوحة للصيد ومشاهدة الحياة البرية)
منطقة الترفيه المسطحة وأرض المخيم في كيرش (تديرها غابة سييرا الوطنية)
تتم إدارة مصايد الأسماك وتخزينها من قبل إدارة الأسماك والحياة البرية في كاليفورنيا ، وتشمل أنواع الأسماك الشائعة: القاروص الكبيرة والصغيرة ، القاروص المرقط ، تراوت قوس قزح ، الملك (شينوك) وسمك السلمون kokanee ، سمك السلور ، الكرابي والبلوجيل . يستطيع الصيادون صيد أسماك تراوت قوس قزح الأصلية في أعالي نهر كينجز ، وهي منطقة إدارة خاصة تشجع التكاثر الطبيعي للتراوت البري دون زراعة الماشية المحلية. يجب أن يمتلك الصيادون رخصة صيد سارية للدولة وأن يمتثلوا لجميع قواعد ولوائح إدارة الأسماك والحياة البرية في كاليفورنيا.
يسمح بالصيد خارج مناطق الاستجمام المطورة باستخدام القوس والسهم أو البندقية فقط.
فيلق المهندسين بالجيش الأمريكي
غابة سييرا الوطنية
غابة سيكويا الوطنية
حديقة الملوك كانيون الوطنية
قائمة السدود والخزانات في ولاية كاليفورنيا
قائمة البحيرات في ولاية كاليفورنيا
قائمة أكبر الخزانات في الولايات المتحدة
قائمة أكبر خزانات كاليفورنيا
المراجع
روابط خارجية
سلاح المهندسين بالجيش الأمريكي ، باين فلات ليك
Pine Flat Lake Recreation - Recreation.gov ، حجوزات التخييم والمعلومات
غابة سييرا الوطنية
غابة سيكويا الوطنية
خزانات مائية في شمال كاليفورنيا
خزانات مائية في مقاطعة فريسنو (كاليفورنيا)
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بييلا
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بييلا ، مدينة شمال إيطاليا، عاصمة مقاطعة بييلا في إقليم بييمونتي، تبعد عن تورينو 50 ميل إلى الشمال الشرقي و 60 ميل عن ميلانو إلى الشمال الغربي، سكانها 46.358 نسمة.
و تقع على تلال الألب في سلسلة جبال بو، قرب جبل موكروني وكامينو، وهي منطقة غنية بالينابيع والبحيرات، ويروي قلب الألب البييلي أنهار جبلية عدة : نهر إلفو إلى الغرب من المدينة، نهر أوروبا ونهر تشيرفو إلى الشرق.
قريبة من الطبيعية خلابة، ومناطق الجذب السياحي البارزة، ويشمل ذلك زيغنا حيث التزلج على الجليد في منتجعات بييلمونتي وبورتشينا للخدمات الطبيعية ومورس في جنوب المدينة.
زوار متدينون نصارى يشقون طريقهم إلى مزار oropa. بييلا مركز مهم لإنتاج الصوف والنسيج وتجهيز.
يوجد مطار صغير في بالقرب من قرية تشيريوني التي تبعد 11 كم جنوبا.
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2018 لـ نسمة.
التاريخ
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2018 لـ نسمة.
الأصول
تُحُقِّق من خلال الاكتشافات الأثرية أن الليغوريين والسلتيين كانوا أول سكان المنطقة : عاشوا قُرب الينابيع والبحيرات، أولا كصيّادي أسماك وحيوانات، ورعاة فيما بعد.
انتشرت قبيلة فيكتيمولي الليغورية في سهل بييلا (Bessa) مستغلين عروق الذهب قرب إلفو، وهو النشاط الذي استمر حتى مطلع العصور الوسطى، وحتى اليوم ما زال التنقيب عن الذهب يعد هواية محلية.
عُثر في بورشينا ريزيرفي في أواخر خمسينات القرن العشرين على أدوات وقلائد تعود إلى العصر البرونزي - أو كما يرى البعض العصر الحديدي -، تدل على عراقة بييلا.
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2018 لـ نسمة.
العصور الوسطى
ظهرت المدينة لأول مرة باسم بوجيلا (Bugella) في وثيقة من عام 826 تسجل منج بوجيلا إلى الكونت بوزوني من قبل لويس التقي، ابن شارلمان رأس الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة ؛ وثيقة أخرى من عام 882 تسجل هبات أراضي من شارل السمين لصالح كنيسة فرشيلي.
سكن المدينة في القرن العاشر الألامان واللومبارديون والفرنجة، الذين بنوا أول أسوار للدفاع ضد غزوات البرابرة. بقايا موجودة من هذه الفترة تشمل بيت معمودية رومانسكي لومباردي ماء التعميد والمتاخمة لكنيسة س ستيفانو، والتي حولها المدينة : وهي اليوم كاتدرائية، رغم هدم بناءالقرن الخامس الأصلي في عام 1872.
في 12 أبريل 1160 منح أغوتشوني أسقف فرشيلي على امتيازات تجارية مهمة لأي شخص يقيم على تلة بياتسو، كحافز لمكان للجوء عن حرب بين الغوليفي وغيبليني في فرشيلي : فولدت بورجو دل بياتسو، موقع الساحة الجميلة، ساحة تشيستيرنا، وقصر مطل عليه أعمدة أبوابه ذات تيجان حجرية وزخارف طينية.
تم تدمير قلعة الأسقف أغوتشوني بثورة في عام 1377 والتي أدت إلى إخضاع بييلا، مع بلدياتها المستقلة تحت حكم آل سافويا.
السكان
في سنة 1861 بلغ عدد السكان نسمة، وتطور العدد ليصل في سنة 2018 لـ نسمة.
العصر الحديثة
تنافست عائلتي سافويا وفيسكونتي في القرنين الرابع عشر والخامس عشر للسيطرة على منطقة بييلا. وشهد القرن السابع عشر منافس مماثلة بين القوات الفرنسية والأسبانية، واحتلت بييلا فعلا عام 1704 ؛ في 1706 أنقذ بييترو ميكا الجندي البييلي تورينو القريبة من حصار من شأنه أن يعني سقوط بييلا أيضا في القبضة الفرنسية، بيد أنه دفع حياته ثمنا لذلك.
في عام 1798 احتل الفرنسيون بييلا مرة أخرى، وبعد معركة مارينغو ضُمت بييلا رسمياً إلى فرنسا. وبعد مؤتمر فيينا عادت لآل سافويا.
حاصر النمساويون بييلا في عام 1859، ولكن غاريبالدي تمكن إنهاء الحصار، وأصبحت المدينة جزءا من مقاطعة نوفارا، ففقدت مركزها كعاصمة مناطقية منذ كانت كذلك في القرن السابع عشر من قبل كارلو إمانويلي الأول ؛ نُقلت إلى مقاطعة فرشيلي في عام 1927.
كانت بييلا في الحرب العالمية الثانية مسرحا للمقاومة المسلحة.
و في عام 1992، تم تشكيل مقاطعة بييلا الجديدة بفصل أراضي القطاع الشمالي الغربي لمقاطعة فرشيلي.
بلديات مقاطعة بييلا
مدن وبلدات بييمونتي
مدن وبلدات في بييمونتي
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663013
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A9%20%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9
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قوة رابعة
|
قوة رابعة
في الحسابيات والجبر, القوة الرابعة لعدد n هي نتيجة ضربه في نفسه 4 مرات أي:
n4 = n × n × n × n
تنتج القوى الرابعة أيض من ضرب العدد في مكعبه ومن تربيع مربعه. يعطى تسلسل القوى الرابعة للأعداد الصحيحة بالشكل:
1, 16, 81, 256, 625, 1296, 2401, 4096, 6561, 10000, ...
يعتبر ابن الهيثم أول من توصل لحساب مجموع متوالية من القوة الرابعة باستخدام الاستقراء الرياضي.
يمكن التعبير عن كل عدد صحيح موجب بمجموع من 19 عددا صحيحا من القوة الرابعة على الأكثر, كما أن كل عدد صحيح موجب وكبير بشكل كاف يمكن التعبير عنه بمجاميع 16 عددا رباعي القوة على الأكثر (انظر معضلة ويرينغ).
حدس أويلر أنه لايمكن كتابة القوة الرابعة بمجموع ثلاث قوى رابعة أصغر ولكن تم دحض حدسيته بعد 200 عام ب:
958004 + 2175194 + 4145604 = 4224814.
المعادلات من الدرجة الرابعة
بُرهن على أن المعادلات من الدرجة الرابعة هي المعادلات ذات الدرجة الأعلى من حيث قابلية الحلحلة بالجذور. انظر إلى معادلة تربيعية وإلى صيغة تربيعية.
مراجع
انظر أيضًا
مربع عدد
مكعب عدد
أعداد شكلية
أعداد صحيحة
حسابيات ابتدائية
سلاسل عددية
نظرية الأعداد
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23558308
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochorionic%20twins
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Monochorionic twins
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Monochorionic twins are monozygotic (identical) twins that share the same placenta. If the placenta is shared by more than two twins (see multiple birth), these are monochorionic multiples. Monochorionic twins occur in 0.3% of all pregnancies. Seventy-five percent of monozygotic twin pregnancies are monochorionic; the remaining 25% are dichorionic diamniotic. If the placenta divides, this takes place before the third day after fertilization.
Amniocity and zygosity
Monochorionic twins generally have two amniotic sacs (called Monochorionic-Diamniotic "MoDi"), but sometimes, in the case of monoamniotic twins (Monochorionic-Monoamniotic "MoMo"), they also share the same amniotic sac. Monoamniotic twins occur when the split takes place after the ninth day after fertilization. Monoamniotic twins are always monozygotic (identical twins). Monochorionic-Diamniotic twins are almost always monozygotic, with a few exceptions where the blastocysts have fused.
Diagnosis
By performing an obstetric ultrasound at a gestational age of 10–14 weeks, monochorionic-diamniotic twins are discerned from dichorionic twins. The presence of a "T-sign" at the inter-twin membrane-placental junction is indicative of monochorionic-diamniotic twins (that is, the junction between the inter-twin membrane and the external rim forms a right angle), whereas dichorionic twins present with a "lambda (λ) sign" (that is, the chorion forms a wedge-shaped protrusion into the inter-twin space, creating a rather curved junction). The "lambda sign" is also called the "twin peak sign". At ultrasound at a gestational age of 16–20 weeks, the "lambda sign" is indicative of dichorionicity but its absence does not exclude it.
In contrast, the placentas may be overlapping for dichorionic twins, making it hard to distinguish them, making it difficult to discern mono- or dichorionic twins on solely the appearance of the placentas on ultrasound.
Complications
In addition to a shared placenta, monochorionic twins also have their circulatory systems intermingled in random and unpredictable circulatory anastomoses. This can cause disproportionate blood supply, resulting in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in 20% of MoDi pregnancies. This is the main complication of monochorionic twins.
The 80% of MoDi pregnancies without TTTS still have high rates of birth weight discordance, fetal growth restriction, prematurity and resultant cesarean section deliveries. One twin may also fail to develop a proper heart and become dependent on the pumping activity of the other twin's heart, resulting in twin reversed arterial perfusion. If one twin dies in utero, blood accumulates in that twin's body, causing exsanguination of the remaining twin.
In the case of monoamniotic twins the risk of complications is substantially higher because of additional potential umbilical cord entanglement and compression. However, the perinatal mortality of monochorionic twins is fairly low.
See also
Twin reversed arterial perfusion
References
Twin
Reproduction in mammals
Zoology
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4827459
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86
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تيم فينكين
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تيم فينكين (12 سبتمبر 1986 في هولندا - ) هو لاعب كرة قدم هولندي في مركز الهجوم. شارك مع منتخب هولندا تحت 19 سنة لكرة القدم. أما مع النوادي، فقد لعب مع أتليتيكو بالياريس ودي غرافشاب وفاينورد ونادي إكسلسيور.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص من لانسينجيرلاند
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو أتلتيكو بالياريس
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو فاينورد
لاعبو كابيلي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من جنوب هولندا
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي إكسلسيور
لاعبو نادي دي غرافشاب
مواليد 1986
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6033241
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%20%28%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%29
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جورج بيكر (سياسي)
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جورج بيكر (سياسي)
جورج بيكر هو سياسي أسترالي، ولد في 26 يوليو 1877، وتوفي في 23 أبريل 1941. نشط حزبياً في حزب العمال الأسترالي. وقد انتخب عضو مجلس نواب تسمانيا.
مراجع
مواليد 1877
وفيات 1941
أعضاء مستقلون في برلمان تسمانيا
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5340539
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%20%28%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8%20%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%29
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ديفيد هاريسون (لاعب كريكت)
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ديفيد هاريسون (لاعب كريكت)
ديفيد هاريسون (30 يوليو 1981 في المملكة المتحدة - ) هو لاعب كريكت بريطاني. لعب مع و.
وصلات خارجية
لاعبو كريكت ويلزيون
لاعبو نادي مارليبون للكريكت
مواليد 1981
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28212318
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Vin%C3%ADcius%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201984%29
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Marcus Vinícius (footballer, born 1984)
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Marcus Vinícius (footballer, born 1984)
Marcus Vinícius da Silva de Oliveira (born 29 March 1984 in Belford Roxo) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Polish regional league club Wierzyca Pelplin.
Career
Club
In February 2010, he joined Orkan Rumia on a two and a half year contract deal.
In the summer 2010, he was loaned to GKS Bełchatów on a one-year deal. He returned to Orkan one year later.
He joined Arka Gdynia in 2012 on a free transfer, winning promotion to Ekstraklasa as 2015–16 I liga champions. He also won the 2016–17 Polish Cup and both the 2017 and 2018 editions of the Polish Super Cup with the club.
On 3 July 2023, at the age of 39, he announced his departure from Arka. He made a total of 259 appearances for the club and is the leading goalscorer in their history, with 63 goals.
On 18 July that year, Vinícius joined regional league side Wierzyca Pelplin.
Personal life
In March 2018, he obtained Polish citizenship.
Honours
Arka Gdynia
I liga: 2015–16
Polish Cup: 2016–17
Polish Super Cup: 2017, 2018
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
GKS Bełchatów players
Arka Gdynia players
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Men's association football forwards
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
III liga players
Naturalized citizens of Poland
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (state)
People from Belford Roxo
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127957
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour%2C%20North%20Carolina
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Balfour, North Carolina
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Balfour, North Carolina
Balfour is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Henderson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,187 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Asheville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
A post office called Balfour has been in operation since 1893. The community derives its name from Captain William Balfour Troy, the original owner of the town site.
Geography
Balfour is bordered to the south by Hendersonville, the county seat, and to the north by Mountain Home. U.S. Route 25 Business (Asheville Highway) is the main road through the community, leading south into Hendersonville and north to Interstate 26 and US 25. Downtown Asheville is north of Balfour.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.59%, are water. Mud Creek, a north-flowing tributary of the French Broad River, forms the eastern edge of the CDP.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,200 people, 481 households, and 320 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 527 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 90.25% White, 4.75% African American, 0.50% Native American, 1.58% Asian, 2.17% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.92% of the population.
There were 481 households, out of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.75.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.8% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $28,889, and the median income for a family was $40,721. Males had a median income of $28,611 versus $20,139 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,010. About 3.0% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
Census-designated places in Henderson County, North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina
Asheville metropolitan area
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1588758
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A8%20291519
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الكويكب 291519
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الكويكب 291519
الكويكب 291519، التعين المؤقت له الكويكب 2006DF214. وهو كويكب من كويكبات طروادة ينتمي إلى كويكبات معسكر طروادة. اكتشف هذا الكويكب في سنة 2006.
كباقي كويكبات معسكر طروادة يقع مداره في النقطة L5 من نقاط لاغرانج وفق نظام الشمس - المشتري. يبلغ القدر المطلق لهذا الكويكب 13.5 ونصف المحور الرئيسي لمداره 5.139 وحدة فلكية. وقد تم رصده 8 مرة حتى فبراير 2013. الإشارة المرجعية له وفق الملحق الدوري لمدارات الكويكبات هي MPO248613
المراجع
كويكبات معسكر طروادة
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529087
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Blount%20%28statesman%29
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Thomas Blount (statesman)
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Thomas Blount (statesman)
Thomas Blount (May 10, 1759February 7, 1812) was an American soldier, and politician. He served as a lieutenant in the North Carolina Line and as an adjutant general to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War. After the war, he served as a representative in the North Carolina General Assembly and served three terms in U.S. representative from the 5th Congressional District in North Carolina.
Early life
He was born at Blount Hall on May 10, 1759, in Craven County (in the portion of it which became Pitt County in 1760) in the Province of North Carolina. His parents were Jacob Blount of Beaufort County, North Carolina and Barbara Gray Blount. Jacob Blount acquired an estate of six thousand acres on Contentnea Creek between 1757 and 1783. Thomas had six siblings: William (b. 26 March 1749), Ann (b. 3 October 1750), John Gray (b. 21 September 1752), Louisa (b. 17 January 1755), Reading (b. 22 February 1757), and Jacob (b. 5 November 1760). Thomas's mother died in 1763 and his father remarried to Hannah Salter Baker. Thomas was educated at home. He was close to his brothers William and John Gray in both business and politics. Together, they ran the Blount Brothers mercantile business, which was one of the largest in North Carolina and based in Washington, North Carolina. John Gray and William were representatives in the North Carolina General Assembly.
Career
Military service
In 1777 at the age of 16, Blount entered the Continental Army's 5th North Carolina Regiment during the American Revolutionary War. He served as a lieutenant under Captain Benjamin Stedman. He was dropped from the rolls in January 1778, since he was captured during the conflicts (most likely the Battle of Germantown). He was among those prisoners of war shipped to England for detention. In 1780, he was back in North Carolina and served as Adjutant General to Major General Richard Caswell in the North Carolina militia.
Political career
He served as a representative from the North Carolina in the United States House of Representatives:
(17931795), 3rd United States Congress, 9th North Carolina Congressional District, Anti-Administration party affiliation
(17951797), 4th United States Congress 9th North Carolina Congressional District
(17971799), 5th United States Congress 9th North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
1798, lost to Willis Alston in a four-way race for the 9th North Carolina Congressional District (see 1798 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina)
18051807, 9th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
18071809, 10th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, Democratic-Republican Party
18111812, 12th United States Congress, 3rd North Carolina Congressional District, He served until his death in February 1812. He died in Washington, D.C., and was interred at the Congressional Cemetery.
Personal life
He was the brother of William Blount and John Gray Blount and the uncle of William Grainger Blount. His wife, Mary J. Sumner, was the daughter of Jethro Sumner.
His home at Tarboro, The Grove, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
References
Congressional Bio
External links
Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
1759 births
1812 deaths
People from Pitt County, North Carolina
Continental Army soldiers from North Carolina
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
18th-century American politicians
19th-century American politicians
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2418693
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%20%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A%20%28%D9%83%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%29
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تشاه غني (كوهستان)
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تشاه غني (كوهستان)
تشاه غني هي قرية تقع في إيران في Kuhestan Rural District. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 159 نسمة بحسب إحصاء 2016.
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن إيران
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة داراب
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8392504
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3
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أميرة خريس
|
أميرة خريس (ولدت في 25 يناير 1999) هي راكبة زورق جزائرية.
المسيرة الرياضية
شاركت في ، في ، و، في سيدات ، .
الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2020
مثلت الجزائر للألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية لعام 2020 بطوكيو، من خلال الحصول على مقعد احتياطي حررته في جنوب إفريقيا في الألعاب الإفريقية 2019 في الرباط بالمغرب، وهو ما يمثل أول ظهور أولمبي للبلاد في هذا المجال الرياضي. وكانت نتائجها كالآتي
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
جزائريون في القرن 21
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
متسابقات قوارب الكانوي جزائريات
متسابقو قوارب الكانوي أولمبيون من الجزائر
متسابقو قوارب الكانوي في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2020
منافسون في الألعاب الإفريقية 2019
منافسون في الألعاب الإفريقية من الجزائر
مواليد 1999
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3489261
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B6%20%28%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%29
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أونضيض (مكنون)
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أونضيض (مكنون)
أونضيض هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة توغمرت، إقليم تارودانت، جهة سوس ماسة في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة مكنون التي تضم 45 دوار. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 34 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في مكنون (توغمرت)
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111185
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20City%2C%20Illinois
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North City, Illinois
|
North City, Illinois
North City is a village in Franklin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 509. North City is also known as "Coello". The current mayor is Curtis Overton.
History
North City incorporated in 1915. Its name comes from two nearby coal mines which were nicknamed "New North" and "Old North." A post office, known as "Coello" after its first postmaster, Pete Coello, opened in 1918. Both "North City" and "Coello" are commonly used in the village.
Geography
North City is located in western Franklin County at (37.993129, -89.065547). It is bordered to the south by the city of Christopher. Illinois Route 148 passes through the eastern side of the village, leading north to Valier, north to Sesser, and south through Christopher to Zeigler. Illinois Route 14 runs just south of North City, leading east to Benton, the Franklin County seat, and west to Du Quoin.
According to the 2010 census, North City has a total area of , of which (or 97.5%) is land and (or 2.5%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 630 people, 259 households, and 178 families residing in the village. The population density was . There were 277 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 97.14% White, 0.32% African American, 0.32% Asian, 1.59% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.90% of the population.
There were 259 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.1% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.9% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 22.9% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.5 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $27,381, and the median income for a family was $36,250. Males had a median income of $29,375 versus $20,714 for females. The per capita income for the village was $13,360. About 14.1% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.
References
Villages in Franklin County, Illinois
Villages in Illinois
Populated places in Southern Illinois
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ثورة تقانية
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ثورة تقانية
الثورة التقنية أو الثورة التكنولوجية هي فترة تُستبدل فيها تكنولوجيا واحدة أو أكثر بتكنولوجيا جديدة أخرى خلال فترة زمنية قصيرة. وهي حقبة تقدم تكنولوجي متسارع تتسم بابتكارات جديدة يفضي انتشارها وتطبيقها السريعين إلى تغير مفاجئ في المجتمع.
الوصف
تزيد الثورة التكنولوجية إجمالًا من الإنتاجية والكفاءة. وقد تشتمل على تغيرات مادية أو أيديولوجية يخلقها طرح جهاز أو نظام ما. بعض الأمثلة عن تأثيراتها المحتملة هي إدارة المشاريع والتعليم والتفاعلات الاجتماعية والموارد المالية ومنهجية البحث، وهي لا تقتصر بشكل صارم على الجوانب التكنولوجية. تعيد الثورة التكنولوجية كتابة الشروط المادية للوجود البشري وبإمكانها أن تعيد رسم معالم الثقافة. وبإمكانها أيضًا أن تلعب دورًا في إطلاق سلسلة من التغيرات المتنوعة والتي لا يمكن التنبؤ بها.
ثمة عاملان أساسيان يميزان ثورة تكنولوجية عن مجموعة عشوائية من أنظمة التكنولوجيا ويبرران تسميتها بثورة:
الترابط والاعتماد بين تكنولوجيا وأسواق الأنظمة المشاركة
المقدرة على قلب بقية الاقتصاد بشكل كلي (والمجتمع في نهاية المطاف).
لا تكون نتائج الثورة التكنولوجية إيجابية بالضرورة. فمثلًا، يمكن لبعض الابتكارات، كاستخدام الفحم كمصدر للطاقة ، أن تترك أثرًا سلبيًا على البيئة وأن تتسبب ببطالة تكنولوجية . وصف شومبيتر هذه الطبيعة المتناقضة للثورة التكنولوجية بالتدمير الإبداعي. يرتكز مفهوم الثورة التكنولوجية على فكرة أن التقدم التكنولوجي ليس تقدمًا خطيًا بل تقدم متموج. يمكن للثورة التكنولوجية أن تكون:
ثورة علاقات (علاقات اجتماعية، والهواتف، لعبت الثورة دورًا كبيرًا في العلاقات)
قطاعية (تغيرات تكنولوجية متعددة في قطاع واحد، على سبيل المثال الثورة الخضراء والثورة التجارية)
كونية (تغيرات جذرية مرتبطة في العديد من القطاعات، يمكن أن يُنظر للثورة التكنولوجية الكونية كمجمع لثورات تكنولوجية قطاعية متوازية عديدة، كالثورة الصناعية الثانية والثورة التكنولوجية لعصر النهضة)
يمثل مفهوم الثورات التكنولوجية الكونية عاملًا أساسيًا في النظرية النيو شومبيترية للموجات\الحلقات الاقتصادية الطويلة (كارلوتا بيريز وتيسالينو ديفيزاس ودانييل ساميهولا وآخرون)
التاريخ
المثال الأشهر عن الثورة التكنولوجية هو الثورة الصناعية في القرن التاسع عشر والثورة التقنية العلمية في الخمسينيات والستينيات من القرن العشرين والثورة الزراعية والثورة الرقمية وغيرها. يُستخدم مفهوم «الثورة التكنولوجية» بشكل مفرط عادة، ولذا ليس من السهل تحديد الثورات التكنولوجية التي مر بها تاريخ البشرية والتي كان لها أهمية كبيرة وأثّرت لا على قسم واحد فحسب من النشاط البشري، بل كان لها تأثير كوني. يجب أن تتضمن الثورة التكنولوجية الكونية ثورات تكنولوجية قطاعية عديدة (في العلم وفي الصناعة وفي النقل وما شابهها).
وبوسعنا تحديد العديد من الثورات التكنولوجية الكونية التي حدثت خلال العصر الحديث في الثقافة الغربية:
الثورة المالية الزراعية (1600-1740)
الثورة الصناعية (1780-1840)
الثورة التقنية أو الثورة الصناعية الثانية (1780-1920)
الثورة العلمية التقنية (1940-1970)
ثورة المعلومات والاتصالات، التي تُعرف أيضًا بالثورة الرقمية أو الثورة الصناعية الثالثة.
وتبقى محاولات إيجاد فترات مماثلة من العصر ما قبل الحديث وقعت خلالها ثورات تكنولوجية معرفة بشكل واضح مسألة تخمينية إلى درجة كبيرة. ربما كانت محاولة دانييل سميهولا واحدة من المحاولات الأعلى منهجية لتقديم خط زمني للثورات التكنولوجية في أوروبا ما قبل العصر الحديث:
الثورة التكنولوجية الهندوأوروبية (1900-1100 قبل الميلاد)
الثورات التكنولوجية السلتية واليونانية (700-200 قبل الميلاد)
الثورة التكنولوجية الجيرمانوسلافية (300-700 ميلادي)
الثورة التكنولوجية في العصور الوسطى (930-1200 ميلادي)
الثورة التكنولوجية في عصر النهضة (1340-1470 ميلادي)
المراجع
تاريخ التقنية
تغير تقني
ثورات حسب النوع
دراسات العلوم والتقانة
نظريات التاريخ
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الشيخ زناد
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الشيخ زناد هي قرية لبنانية من قرى قضاء عكار في محافظة الشمال. تقع في تجمع للقرى يسمى السهل في عكار.
المراجع
سهل عكار
قرى لبنان
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ميسون حنا
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ميسون حنا
ميسون سليمان جريس حنا، كاتبة أردنية. ولدت في 27 أيلول (سبتمبر) 1955.
تخرجت من مدرسة الزرقاء الثانوية للبنات عام 1974 وحصلت على بكالوريوس في الطب من جامعة أوكرانيا عام 1982. عملت ميسون حنا طبيبةً في وزارة الصحة في الزرقاء منذ عام 1991.
فازت بجائزة أفضل مسرحية محلية في مهرجان عمون للدراما الشبابية عام 2001 عن «عازف الناي». وهي عضوة في رابطة الكتّاب الأردنيين، ونادي أسرة القلم الثقافي بالزرقاء.
أعمالها
«شبّاك الحلوة»، نص مسرحي، دار جاد، عمّان، 1987.
«كاهن المعبد»، نص مسرحي، دار جاد، عمّان، 1990.
«مقتل شهرزاد»، نص مسرحي، دار الكرمل، عمّان، 1991. مُثِّلت في مسرح جامعة اليرموك سنة 1995.
«الشحاذ حاكماً، وعازف الناي»، مسرحيتان، مطبعة العين، الزرقاء، 1993. مُثِّلت «الشحاذ حاكماً» في مهرجان مسرح الشباب الأردني الثاني سنة 1993. ومُثِّلت «عازف الناي» في مهرجان عمون للمسرح الشباب سنة 2001.
«مدينة الرهان»، نص مسرحي، نادي أسرة القلم، الزرقاء، 1998.
«حكاية توت ومسرحيات أخرى»، مسرح، المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر، بيروت، 2002. مُثِّلت «حكاية توت» في مهرجان عمون للمسرح الشباب سنة 2002.
المراجع
كاتبات أردنيات
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محمد مروازي
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محمد مروازي ممثل ومنتج ومخرج مغربي من مواليد 28 يونيو 1973 بالرباط.
عضو جمعية فناني الراديو والتلفزيون الكنديين (ACTRA) بمونتريال كندا. متزوج من الممثلة سناء عكرود.
مسيرته
تخرّج محمد مروازي من المعهد العالي للفن المسرحي والتنشيط الثقافي في الرباط، في عام 1996، خلال سنته الأولى في المعهد، بدأ مهنة التمثيل في فيلم (Di cielo in cielo) للمخرج الإيطالي روبرتو جياناريلي. في عام 1998، قام ببطولة فيلم حب بلا فيزا للمخرج نجيب الصفريوي.
أعماله
أفلام
1996: Di cielo in cielo
1998: أصدقاء الأمس
1998: حب بلا فيزا
2000: حريم مدام عثمان
2000: علي، ربيعة والآخرون
2001: ليلى
2002: طيف نزار
2002: الفراشة السوداء
2002: مذكرات وردية
2002: Il bambino di betleheme
2003: وجها لوجه
2003: L'Adieu
2004: ذاكرة معتقلة
2004: أجنحة منكسرة
2007: تمزق
2007: مياه سوداء
2007: غروب الشمس
2007: أركانة
2007: القلوب المحترقة
2007: ريح البحر
2011: الفصول الخمسة
2012: الطفل الشيخ
2013: عرس الذيب
2014: حدود وحدود
2016: حبائل العنكبوت
2020: ميوبيا (منتج منفذ)
مسلسلات
1999: أولاد الناس
2000: دواير الزمان
2011: الغريب
مراجع
روابط خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلو أفلام مغاربة
ممثلو تلفزيون مغاربة
ممثلون مغاربة في القرن 21
ممثلون وممثلات مغاربة
مهاجرون مغاربة إلى كندا
مواليد 1393 هـ
مواليد 1973
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otzma%20Yehudit
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Otzma Yehudit
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Otzma Yehudit or Jewish Power is a far-right political party in Israel, which has been referred to as Kahanist and anti-Arab. It was originally formed as Otzma LeYisrael (lit., "Strength for Israel"), on 13 November 2012 by MKs Aryeh Eldad and Michael Ben-Ari, who split from the National Union to form a new party ahead of the 2013 elections.
Otzma Yehudit is the ideological descendant of the outlawed Kach party. The party advocates for the deportation of those who they consider to be the "enemies of Israel", and leader Itamar Ben-Gvir was associated with the original Kach movement, though he now disagrees with the stance of deporting all Arabs from Israel.
Otzma ran independently in the 2013 elections, and as part of a list with ultra-Orthodox party Yachad in 2015. Though in both elections they did not manage to pass the electoral threshold, the Yachad list was around 10,000 votes short of the threshold. Ahead of the first 2019 election, the party ran with the Jewish Home as part of the Union of Right-Wing Parties, after Naftali Bennett abandoned the Jewish Home to form the New Right party. While the Union of Right-Wing Parties passed the threshold, winning 5 seats, Otzma only held the 7th spot on the list, as their other representative Michael Ben-Ari was banned for incitement. After Ben-Ari was banned, Itamar Ben-Gvir was appointed leader of the party.
The party ran independently in the second 2019 election, winning 1.88% of the vote, though some polls had predicted that the party would pass the threshold. Despite coming to an agreement with the Jewish Home to contest the 2020 Israeli legislative election as the United Jewish Home, Otzma was left to run independently when the Jewish Home, the New Right, and Tkuma re-formed Yamina.
In the 2021 election, Otzma ran on a joint list with the Religious Zionist Party and Noam, as part of a deal orchestrated by Netanyahu, that would include the list receiving an extra seat from the Likud list. Following the 2021 election, Ben-Gvir won a seat, with the deal considered to have brought the party into the mainstream of Israeli politics. The party won an additional five seats in the 2022 elections.
The party has been widely described in the international press as an extremist, ultranationalist and racist organisation supporting Jewish supremacy and has been described by multiple sources, including the Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz, as a "Jewish fascist group".
Background
Eldad was first elected to the Knesset on the National Union list in 2003. In November 2007, Eldad formed a new secular far-right party named Hatikva. Ultimately, Hatikva ran as a faction of the National Union in the 2009 elections, and Eldad retained his seat. Ben-Ari ran for Knesset unsuccessfully in the 2003 elections with the Herut – The National Movement party, and in the 2006 elections with the Jewish National Front party; both times, the parties failed to pass the threshold. Leading up to the 2009 elections, the Jewish National Front, headed by a long-time Kach party activist Baruch Marzel, allied with Eretz Yisrael Shelanu, a new party founded by Chabad Rabbi Shalom Dov Wolpo. The joint list ran as part of the National Union, with Michael Ben-Ari, its representative, taking the fourth spot on the alliance's list. The National Union won four seats, allowing Ben-Ari to enter the Knesset.
Eldad, a secular hard-liner, and Ben-Ari, an Orthodox Jew and former Kach activist, decided to form the new faction Otzma LeYisrael in October 2012, before the 2013 election, after months of infighting within the National Union, over if the party should hold primaries or not. Eldad was chosen to lead the party's list, followed by Ben-Ari and Marzel; the party was officially formed as a breakaway of the National Union on 13 November 2013. The party has affiliations with, and shared their office with, the anti-assimilation group Lehava, whose Director-General Bentzi Gopshtain is a member of the party. The office of Lehava and Otzma Yehudit was raided in 2014. The party's anthem is the "Jingle of Otzma LeYisrael".
Ideology
The party is considered to be Religious Zionist, Kahanist, ultra-nationalist, anti-Arab, and far-right, and has also been described as racist, though the party disputes this. Various sources, including the Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz, have described the party as a Jewish supremacist and Jewish fascist group.
Otzma Yehudit calls for a one-state solution, including the annexation of the West Bank and complete Israeli rule of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. The party is against the formation of a Palestinian state, and advocates cancellation of the Oslo Accords, as well as for imposing Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount.
The party advocates for increased emphasis on the teaching of Jewish history in all elementary schools to "deepen Jewish identity in students". The party is against "freezing construction of Jewish settlements, releasing terrorists, or negotiating with the PA". The party advocates deportation of "Arab extremists". On 24 February 2019, party member Itamar Ben Gvir called for the expulsion of Arab citizens of Israel who are not loyal to Israel. In 2022, current leader Ben-Gvir endorsed deporting the Joint List chairman Ayman Odeh, as well as the anti-Zionist Neturei Karta sect, "on a train." As part of his 2022 campaign he also advocated for giving full immunity to soldiers. While his party advocates for deportations, Ben-Gvir stated he was wrong when he held the position in his youth that all Arabs should be expelled.
The party advocates what it calls "Jewish capitalism" as its economic system; and claims that its approach would save "billions of shekels from the reduction of the defense budget following the removal of the enemy," which would be directed at infrastructure development, reducing bureaucracy and regulations, as well as allocating resources to strengthen "weak populations." The party also supports aiding the elderly and disabled. The party is also opposed to abortion. The party supports easing restrictions on the IDFs rules of engagement. As part of a political merger with The Jewish Home, the party pledged to oppose price tag attacks.
Election campaigns
In November 2012, Michael Ben-Ari announced the campaign slogan for the 2013 elections: "There are no rights without duties". The party failed to pass the election threshold.
In 2014, police raided the offices of Otzma Yehudit, due to the offices being shared with the organization Lehava. This was also the year that the party announced they would be participating in the 2015 election; they announced that their slogan would be: "Those on the right vote Otzma Yehudit! Autonomy? Two states? There's Meretz for that. One state - Otzma Yehudit!"
In 2015, the party chose to contest the 2015 Knesset election as part of a joint list with Yachad; Baruch Marzel was the only candidate from the party to run on the list. There was a conflict during the negotiations between the parties due to Yachad being worried that if the parties ran on a list together, and failed to pass the threshold, it would put the right-wing coalition at risk. It was speculated before the election that the joint list would win as many as five seats in the Knesset. Though in the election, Yachad only won 125,106 votes (2.97%) votes, falling short of the 3.25% threshold needed for winning seats in the Knesset. Members of the ultra-Orthodox Shas party were accused of tampering with the ballots of Yachad, as well as creating a straw party with the election symbol of Otzma Yehudit to trick Yachad voters.
After the elections, the party announced that they were planning on establishing an alternative media source. Michael Ben-Ari also said that the party was unsure if it planned on competing in other elections, instead hoping to focus on extra-parliamentary activism.
On 5 November 2018, the party announced it was running for the April 2019 Israeli legislative election. They also launched a crowd-funding page to fund their campaign. The funding campaign resulted in the party receiving NIS 820,000. After Naftali Bennett announced that he was leaving The Jewish Home party to form the New Right party, Otzma Yehudit called on Bezalel Smotrich and Eli Yishai to create an Orthodox-nationalist bloc for running in the 2019 elections.
In January 2019, the party entered talks with the Tkuma party in order to create an alliance. In February, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu reached out to Otzma Yehudit in an attempt to try and get the party to run on a list with Tkuma and The Jewish Home, leading to criticism from opposition Knesset members. The chairman of Tkuma, Bezalel Smotrich, responded by saying that the Likud should merge with Otzma Yehudit. Negotiations for a joint list with Tkuma ended on 11 February 2019, and Otzma Yehudit indicated it would run with another party instead. On 20 February 2019, Otzma Yehudit and The Jewish Home reached a deal that would give Otzma Yehudit the 5th and 8th seats in a technical bloc. On 21 February 2019, the party announced that their candidates for the list would be Michael Ben-Ari and Itamar Ben-Gvir. On 17 March 2019, Ben-Ari was banned from running for the Knesset ahead of the April 2019 Israeli legislative election. In response, Ben-Ari stated: "We will win. This is not the end... We will put an end to the judicial junta."
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's role in brokering the deal with Jewish Home was widely condemned; American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and the American Jewish Committee preemptively announced that even if Otzma Yehudit entered the government, they would not meet with them. The former noted in a tweet that "AIPAC has a long-standing policy not to meet with members of this racist and reprehensible party".
On 25 June 2019, Otzma Yehudit split from the Union of Right-Wing Parties. Ben-Gvir was expected to enter the government after Netanyahu had agreed to pass a form of the Norwegian law, though Netanyahu's failure to form a government, and Peretz' refusal to resign his Knesset seat, made it impossible. Subsequently, it was reported that the party had discussed alliances for the September 2019 elections with former Likud MK Oren Hazan, Zehut leader Moshe Feiglin, and New Right leader Ayelet Shaked. Despite initially partnering with the Noam party, the two parties split over Otzma's insistence on fielding a secular candidate, and Otzma chose to run independently.
On 21 August 2019, Otzma Yehudit and Likud submitted an ultimately unsuccessful petition to the Supreme Court requesting that the Joint List be banned from contesting the September 2019 elections.
On 25 August 2019, the Supreme Court ruled that Otzma Yehudit candidates Baruch Marzel and Ben-Zion Gopstein were banned from running in the September 2019 elections.
On 26 August 2019, Likud representative Natan Eshel met with Ben-Gvir to urge Otzma Yehudit to drop out of the race. However, Ben-Gvir subsequently claimed that he had requested the meeting to enlist Likud's assistance for the Otzma campaign, on the grounds that Netanyahu would be unable to command a Knesset majority unless Otzma passed the electoral threshold. Otzma did not pass the electoral threshold, winning 1.88% of the vote.
On 20 December 2019, Otzma Yehudit and the Jewish Home party agreed to run on a joint list called the United Jewish Home ahead of the 2020 Israeli legislative election. On 15 January 2020, the New Right, Tkuma and the Jewish Home reformed Yamina, leaving Otzma outside of the list. The party failed to cross the threshold.
On 31 January 2021, Otzma Yehudit formed a joint list with Noam ahead of the 2021 Israeli legislative election. Ben-Gvir and Noam head Avi Maoz urged The Jewish Home and the Religious Zionist Party to also unite with Otzma Yehudit. The Religious Zionist Party subsequently did so on 3 February.
Ahead of the 2022 election, with Otzma rising in polls they sought to increase their representation within the Religious Zionist Party list. However, Smotrich denied their candidate the 7th spot on the list, spurring Ben-Gvir to announce a solo run. This caused the leader of opposition, Benjamin Netanyahu, to publicly encourage the list to reunite to avoid losing right-wing votes to the threshold. Following the initial split, Otzma had been polling higher than the Religious Zionist party; after Netanyahu called for a reunification of the list, Otzma publicly offered a rotating list with Smotrich as the leader, and every other seat going to Otzma. The party also hired a political campaigning firm named "C.I.Y Global", which was founded by former Mossad chief Danny Yatom, to help with its election campaign. Otzma Yehudit and the Religious Zionist Party reunited and also included a candidate from Noam in a last minute move before the deadline for list submissions. The party won six seats, while the broader joint list won 14 seats in total.
History
2016
In June 2016, Otzma Yehudit organized a march from 'Ara to Ar'ara. The march started in Ara due to it being the village which Nashat Melhem was from, who was a terrorist responsible for an attack in Tel Aviv. The application for the march was originally denied; however, after an appeal to the Supreme Court, the march was allowed to go on, though they had to respect the conditions set by the police.
2017
On 19 July, the party requested a permit from police to organize a march in Umm al-Fahm. On 21 July, the party distributed food to security forces in Jerusalem. On 23 July, dozens of party members demonstrated outside of the Prime Minister's Office in Jerusalem in the evening; the demonstrators called upon Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman to resign. On the evening of 24 July, their party blockaded a junction just outside Nablus, preventing both the entry and exit of Palestinians. On 24 September, the party's planned conference in Lod was cancelled by orders of the Lod City Hall; it was instead held in Gandhi Garden. After it was rescheduled, the party's leader, Michael Ben-Ari, released a video calling for Arabs to leave Israel and move to Arab countries. The conference was condemned by the Coalition Against Racism in Israel. On 1 November, the party put up billboards for the memorial of Meir Kahane, though the billboards were taken down after pressure from left-wing lawmakers, as well as NGOs. On 4 December, in protest of stone-throwing against a group of Jewish children, activists from the party announced that they would hike to the same cave that the kids went to.
2018
In January 2018, Baruch Marzel and Michael Ben-Ari distributed Tigrinya-language flyers in Tel Aviv inviting refugees to the houses of Meretz MKs and left-wing activists.
On 9 April 2018, it was reported that the police withdrew their permit for them to demonstrate in Umm al-Fahm; however, under the Eldad Yaniv precedent, they would continue with their protest which was planned a year earlier without police permission. The protest occurred on 10 April, with dozens of activists attending; however, the police blocked the party from entering the city, although Public Security Minister Gilad Erdan said that they were allowed to earlier that morning. Party leaders, Michael Ben Ari, Baruch Marzel, Zvi Sukkot, and Itamar Ben Gvir were arrested en route. The protest included leader of Lehava, Benzi Gopstein. On 6 August, the party received permission to march in Umm al-Fahm after petitioning the Supreme Court. The march occurred without incident on 9 August.
2022
Otzma Yehudit was the first party to sign a coalition agreement with Likud on 25 November following the 2022 Israeli legislative election.
Controversies
In December 2012, Otzma LeYisrael ran an ad campaign on billboards and bus advertisements that included words in Arabic such as "equality" and "taxes". One of the signs was banned by the Israeli Central Elections Committee on the ground that the ad was seen as racist. The ad shows the Arabic word "loyalty" with the Hebrew caption "Because without duties, there are no rights". This ban was later reversed by the Supreme Court of Israel.
Aryeh King, a Ma'ale HaZeitim resident, ran as number four on the party list for the 2013 Knesset elections. Later that year, he was elected into the Jerusalem municipal council, where he became Chairman of the Environment Committee, Deputy Chairperson of the Emergency and Security Committee, and a council member on the Regional Planning and Building Committee. While holding these positions, in January 2014, he distributed thousands of flyers to the Arab residents of Jerusalem asking them to leave the Land of Israel in exchange for a negotiated amount, due to the Jewish rights to the land, as written down in the Torah and acknowledged in the Koran. In the 2018 municipal elections, King's United party again won two seats in the Jerusalem Municipality.
Ein L'zion Project
On 14 January 2018, the party announced its plan to catch individuals throwing rocks at Jews in the West Bank, and to seek prosecution of the rock-throwers after submitting evidence to the police. The party planned to film evidence through the use of drones piloted by trained volunteers. Training volunteers, and buying the drones, was paid via a successful crowd-funding campaign.
On 31 January 2018, the party succeed in recording rock-throwers attacking Jewish youth who were planting trees at a Tu Bishvat festival. On 1 February 2019, during a stone-throwing incident outside the Adei Ad settlement during the unrest following a death in the village of al-Mughayyir the previous week, "over a hundred residents" of the village were photographed by an Otzma Yehudit photographer as part of the project, with the intention of handing it over to the IDF and the police, alongside an appeal to "liquidate the terrorist nest" of the neighboring village.
Leaders
Election results
Knesset members
References
External links
Otzma LeYisrael Knesset website
Otzma Yehudit platform
2012 establishments in Israel
Political parties established in 2012
Anti-Arabism in Israel
Anti-Palestinian sentiment in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Orthodox Jewish political parties
Zionist political parties in Israel
Religious Zionism
Religious Zionist political parties in Israel
Neo-Zionism
Far-right political parties in Israel
Kahanism
Right-wing populism in Israel
Right-wing populist parties
Conservative parties in Israel
Social conservative parties
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%20%28%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9%29
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بيت مرود (جبلة)
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بيت مرود (جبلة)
بيت مرود محلة تابعة لقرية الشباح، التابعة لعزلة الشهلي بمديرية جبلة إحدى مديريات محافظة إب في الجمهورية اليمنية، بلغ تعداد سكانها 88 حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
بيت مرود
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4507299
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A
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أوليفر لافيغيلانتي
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أوليفر لافيغيلانتي (مواليد 12 أغسطس 1991) هو ملاكم موريشيوسي، مثّل بلاده في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
ملاكمو وزن الذبابة
ملاكمون أولمبيون من موريشيوس
ملاكمون في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2012
ملاكمون موريشيوسيون
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5768769
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%20%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4
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ألبرت باش
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ألبرت باش هو متسابق بياثل نمساوي، ولد في 29 نوفمبر 1910 في في النمسا، وتوفي في 22 يوليو 2003 في غراتس في النمسا.
مراجع
المشاة الجبلية في الحرب العالمية الثانية
أسرى حرب الحرب العالمية الثانية المحتجزون لدى الاتحاد السوفيتي
أسرى حرب نمساويون
أفراد عسكريون نمساويون في الحرب العالمية الثانية
جنرالات نمساويون
حاصلون على الصليب الحديدي (1939) من الدرجة الأولى
رياضيون من كيرنتن
لاعبو بياثلون أولمبيون في النمسا
متلقو الصليب الذهبي الألماني
مواليد 1910
وفيات 2003
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394549
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%20%28%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%29
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كارتيرادوس (كيكلاديس)
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كارتيرادوس (كيكلاديس)
كارتيرادوس (Καρτεράδος) هي مدينة في كيكلاديس في اليونان.
يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1290 نسمة.
المراجع
مدن اليونان
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4903945
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh%20Buck%20Song
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Koh Buck Song
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Koh Buck Song (born 1963) is a Singaporean writer, poet, and country brand adviser. He is the author and editor of almost 40 books, including seven books of poetry and haiga art. He works as a writer, editor and consultant in branding, communications strategy and corporate social responsibility in Singapore. He has held several exhibitions as a Singaporean pioneer of haiga art, developed from a 16th-century Japanese art form combining ink sketches with haiku poems.
Journalism career
Koh was with The Straits Times from 1988 to 1999, where he was literary editor, political supervisor and chief Parliament commentator, arts and features supervisor, and assistant editor of Sunday Review, a weekly world affairs section. His regular personal opinion column, Monday with Koh Buck Song, ran for almost a decade.
From 2003 to 2004, he was a contributing columnist on current affairs based in the USA for the Singapore newspaper Today. From 2004 to 2005, he was a regular columnist on leadership for The Straits Times.
Literary career
Koh has edited several literary anthologies, and was the English section Editor, and then General Editor, of the multilingual literary and arts journal Singa in the 1990s.
In 1992, he was poet-in-residence at the Scottish Poetry Library in Edinburgh under the Singapore-Scotland Cultural Exchange programme. He has also represented Singapore at literary conferences including at Cambridge University (UK) and Manila, and in poetry readings at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the USA.
As a haiga artist with several exhibitions in Singapore and Laos, his art builds on earlier work exploring the synergy between poetry and painting, especially in collaborations with the abstract artist Thomas Yeo and the watercolourist Ong Kim Seng. He was the National Gallery Singapore's poet-in-residence 2021-22, the Gallery's third after Edwin Thumboo and Madeleine Lee, with poems and haiga artworks from his residency published by the Gallery in the book the world anew.
Country branding career
As a country brand adviser, Koh has spoken extensively on brand Singapore overseas, including as keynote speaker at a City Nation Place global conference in London, UK; at the Royal Institute for Governance and Strategic Studies in Phuentsholing, Bhutan; at a Pacific Economic Cooperation Council seminar in Tahiti; at the Japan Foundation in Tokyo as a cultural leader of Singapore; and the Blavatnik School of Government at Oxford University, UK.
He was on the Marketing Advisory Panel for Singapore's country brand, "Passion Made Possible". In the 2000s, he was head of global media relations and strategic planning at the Singapore Economic Development Board. As a brand consultant, his projects include the global launches of Gardens by the Bay, National Gallery Singapore, and Fusionopolis.
He wrote the first book on Singapore's country brand, Brand Singapore (2011, translated into Chinese and published in China in 2012, with a third edition in 2021). Another of his books that has a place branding theme is Around The World In 68 Days: Observations Of Life From A Journey Across 13 Countries (2021).
At the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, he is on the Executive Education teaching faculty for nation branding, having previously been an adjunct associate professor of leadership.
Public service
His public service has included being Deputy Chairman of the Censorship Review Committee 2009–10, and also a member of the Censorship Review Committees of 1991–92 and 2002–03, the only person to have served on all three panels.
Selected works
Koh, Buck Song (text and poetry editor, with introduction, 1993). Singapore: Places, Poems, Paintings. .
Koh, Buck Song (1994), Thumboo, Edwin Nadason (1933– ), in Hamilton, Ian, ed., The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century Poetry in English, Oxford University Press. .
Koh, Buck Song (editor, with Ban, Kah Choon et al., 1995). Voices 4 – Readings By Singapore Writers. National University of Singapore. .
Koh, Buck Song (2000). Toa Payoh: Our Kind Of Neighbourhood. Housing and Development Board, Singapore. .
Koh, Buck Song (2001). The Worth Of Wonder. .
Koh, Buck Song (editor, 2002). Heart Work: Stories Of How EDB Steered The Singapore Economy From 1961 Into The 21st Century. .
Koh, Buck Song (editor, with Bhatia, Umej, 2002). From Boys To Men: A Literary Anthology Of National Service In Singapore. .
Koh, Buck Song (2003). The Ocean Of Ambition. .
Koh, Buck Song (2005). How Not To Make Money: Inside Stories From Singapore's Commercial Affairs Department. .
Koh, Buck Song (2008). Heartlands: Home And Nation In The Art Of Ong Kim Seng. .
Koh, Buck Song (editor, 2011). Heart Work 2: EDB And Partners: New Frontiers For The Singapore Economy. .
Koh, Buck Song (2011). Living With The End In Mind: A Study Of How To Increase The Quality Of Death In Singapore – Perspectives Of 30 Leaders, Lien Foundation.
Koh, Buck Song (2011). Brand Singapore: How Nation Branding Built Asia's Leading Global City. .
Koh, Buck Song (2012). Perpetual Spring: Singapore's Gardens By The Bay. (hardcover). (paperback).
Koh, Buck Song (2014). Learning For Life: Singapore’s Investment In Lifelong Learning Since The 1950s. .
Koh, Buck Song (2016). Our Guardians: Keeping Singapore Safe And Secure Since The 1950s. .
Koh, Buck Song (second edition, 2017). Brand Singapore: Nation Branding After Lee Kuan Yew, In A Divisive World. .
Koh, Buck Song (editor, 2018). Making Cities Liveable: Insights From 10 Years Of Lectures At The Centre for Liveable Cities. .
Koh, Buck Song (third edition, 2021). Brand Singapore: Nation Branding In A World Disrupted by Covid-19.
Koh, Buck Song (2021). Around The World In 68 Days: Observations Of Life From A Journey Across 13 Countries.
Koh, Buck Song (editor, 2022). "One United People": Essays From The People Sector On Singapore's Journey Of Racial Harmony.
Selected works in anthologies & other books
Sionil Jose, Francisco (1991). New Voices In Southeast Asia. Solidarity, Manila, Philippines.
Singh, Kirpal (editor, et al. 2000). Rhythms: A Singaporean Millennial Anthology Of Poetry. National Arts Council, Singapore. .
ASEAN Committee on Culture and Information (2000). Modern Literature of ASEAN.
Edwin Thumboo & Yeow, Kai Chai (editors, 2009). Reflecting On The Merlion: An Anthology Of Poems. National Arts Council, Singapore. .
Poon, Angelia; Holden, Philip & Lim, Shirley Geok-lin (editors, 2009). Writing Singapore: An Historical Anthology Of Singapore Literature. National University of Singapore Press, Singapore. . .
Gwee Li Sui, (editor, 2016). Written Country: The History of Singapore through Literature. .
Essay: "Tommy Koh on the Censorship Review Committee 1991-92", in Yeo, Lay Hwee et al (editors, 2018). Tommy Koh: Serving Singapore And The World.
Essay: "The English language in Singapore: Lens and Launchpad to the World", in Tommy Koh & Wightman, Scott (editors, 2019). 200 Years Of Singapore And The United Kingdom.
Essay: "America - The Top 'Soft Superpower'", in Tommy Koh & Singh, Daljit (editors, 2021). America: A Singapore Perspective.
Selected haiga art exhibitions & talks
"Six Views Of Japan And Singapore". Super Japan Festival of Japanese Arts. The Esplanade – Theatres on the Bay. May 2016.
"Refleksi: A Pantun Art Exhibition (using the Malay poetic form pantun). National Poetry Festival. LASALLE College of the Arts. August 2016.
"Between Japan And Singapore: Haiga And Its Modern Legacy". Singapore Writers Festival. The Arts House at the Old Parliament. November 2016.
"ASEAN@50 Haiga: Vientiane 2017". ASEAN Insurance Council. Vientiane, Laos. November 2017.
References
Further reading
National Library, Singapore. Chua, Alvin: Singapore Infopedia:
National Arts Council, Singapore – Literary Singapore: A Directory of Contemporary Writing in Singapore, 2011.
National Book Development Council of Singapore. Database of Singapore Writers:
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. 2006 media coverage by faculty: "Anyone can be a leader, not just the man at the top":
Singapore Management University. Knowledge@SMU: "Singapore’s brand “keloid”: Going beyond canes and chewing gums", July 2011:
Institute of Policy Studies. Roundtable: "Brand Singapore", May 2011:
Public Service Division, Singapore. Challenge magazine, July–August 2011:
Portfolio magazine. Almagro, Marc. 13 June 2017:
Place Brand Observer. 8 December 2020:
Spotify conversation with Colombian podcaster Paola Segura Salguero. 27 July 2021.
Case study on Singapore in Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice (edited by Keith Dinnie, Routledge UK and USA, third edition, 2022)
1963 births
Living people
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Singaporean journalists
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean poets
Alumni of the University of London
Communications consultants
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Hwa Chong Junior College alumni
Saint Andrew's School, Singapore alumni
Branding consultants
Singaporean consultants
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94858
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder
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Thunder
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Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning produces rapid expansion of the air in the path of a lightning bolt. In turn, this expansion of air creates a sonic shock wave, often referred to as a "thunderclap" or "peal of thunder". The scientific study of thunder is known as brontology and the irrational fear (phobia) of thunder is called brontophobia.
Etymology
The d in Modern English thunder (from earlier Old English þunor) is epenthetic, and is now found as well in Modern Dutch donder (cf. Middle Dutch donre; also Old Norse þorr, Old Frisian þuner, Old High German donar, all ultimately descended from Proto-Germanic *þunraz). In Latin the term was tonare "to thunder". The name of the Nordic god Thor comes from the Old Norse word for thunder.
The shared Proto-Indo-European root is *tón-r̥ or *, also found in Gaulish Taranis.
Cause
The cause of thunder has been the subject of centuries of speculation and scientific inquiry. Early thinking was that it was made by deities, but the ancient Greek philosophers attributed it to natural causes, such as wind striking clouds (Anaximander, Aristotle) and movement of air within clouds (Democritus). The Roman philosopher Lucretius held it was from the sound of hail colliding within clouds.
In the mid-19th century, the accepted theory was that lightning produced a vacuum and that the collapse of that vacuum produced what is known as thunder.
In the 20th century a consensus evolved that thunder must begin with a shock wave in the air due to the sudden thermal expansion of the plasma in the lightning channel. The temperature inside the lightning channel, measured by spectral analysis, varies during its 50 μs existence, rising sharply from an initial temperature of about 20,000 K to about 30,000 K, then dropping away gradually to about 10,000 K. The average is about . This heating causes a rapid outward expansion, impacting the surrounding cooler air at a speed faster than sound would otherwise travel. The resultant outward-moving pulse is a shock wave, similar in principle to the shock wave formed by an explosion, or at the front of a supersonic aircraft. Near the source, the sound pressure level of thunder is usually 165 to 180 dB, but can exceed 200 dB in some cases.
Experimental studies of simulated lightning have produced results largely consistent with this model, though there is continued debate about the precise physical mechanisms of the process. Other causes have also been proposed, relying on electrodynamic effects of the enormous current acting on the plasma in the bolt of lightning.
Consequences
The shock wave in thunder is sufficient to cause property damage and injury, such as internal contusion, to individuals nearby. Thunder can rupture the eardrums of people nearby, leading to permanently impaired hearing. Even if not, it can lead to temporary deafness.
Types
Vavrek et al. (n.d.) reported that the sounds of thunder fall into categories based on loudness, duration, and pitch. Claps are loud sounds lasting 0.2 to 2 seconds and containing higher pitches. Peals are sounds changing in loudness and pitch. Rolls are irregular mixtures of loudness and pitches. Rumbles are less loud, last for longer (up to more than 30 seconds), and are of low pitch.
Inversion thunder results when lightning strikes between cloud and ground occur during a temperature inversion; the resulting thunder sounds have significantly greater acoustic energy than from the same distance in a non-inversion condition. In an inversion, the air near the ground is cooler than the higher air; inversions often occur when warm moist air passes above a cold front. Within a temperature inversion, the sound energy is prevented from dispersing vertically as it would in a non-inversion and is thus concentrated in the near-ground layer.
Cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) typically consists of two or more return strokes, from ground to cloud. Later return strokes have greater acoustic energy than the first.
Perception
The most noticeable aspect of lightning and thunder is that the lightning is seen before the thunder is heard. This is a consequence of the speed of light being much greater than the speed of sound. The speed of sound in dry air is approximately or at .
This translates to approximately ; saying "one thousand and one... one thousand and two..." is a useful method of counting the seconds from the perception of a given lightning flash to the perception of its thunder (which can be used to gauge the proximity of lightning for the sake of safety). Thus, take the counted seconds and divide by five, this will produce the distance in miles from the lightning strike.
A very bright flash of lightning and an almost simultaneous sharp "crack" of thunder, a thundercrack, therefore indicates that the lightning strike was very near.
Close-in lightning has been described first as a clicking or cloth-tearing sound, then a cannon shot sound or loud crack/snap, followed by continuous rumbling. The early sounds are from the leader parts of lightning, then the near parts of the return stroke, then the distant parts of the return stroke.
See also
Brontophobia (fear of thunder)
Castle Thunder sound effect
Lightning
List of thunder gods
Mistpouffers
Thunderbolt
Thunderstorm
References
External links
The Science of Thunder —National Lightning Safety Institute
Thunder: A Child of Lightning by Keith C. Heidorn, PhD, ACM
Storm: Thunder sounds in binaural audio
Lightning
Noise
Severe weather and convection
Meteorological phenomena
fi:Ukkonen
ja:雷#雷鳴
sv:Åska
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818931
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9
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إذاعة خنشلة
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إذاعة خنشلة هي إذاعة محلية بولاية خنشلة الجزائرية تبث برامجها باللغة العربية على موجة أف أم 93.10. انطلق بثها بتاريخ 25 ديسمبر 2008
وصلات خارجية
قائمة الإذاعات المحلية بالجزائر
الموقع الرسمي لإذاعة خنشلة
شبكة الإذاعات الجهوية
إذاعات الجزائر
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5868592
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9
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العلاقات الإثيوبية السريلانكية
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العلاقات الإثيوبية السريلانكية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إثيوبيا وسريلانكا.
مقارنة بين البلدين
هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين:
منظمات دولية مشتركة
يشترك البلدان في عضوية مجموعة من المنظمات الدولية، منها:
وصلات خارجية
موقع وزارة الخارجية الإثيوبية
موقع وزارة الخارجية السريلانكية
مراجع
العلاقات الإثيوبية السريلانكية
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2207530
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B4%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%20%28%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A9%29
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نخش بن قروان (ساة)
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نخش بن قروان (ساة)
'
نخش بن قروان هي إحدى قرى عزلة ساه بمديرية ساة التابعة لمحافظة حضرموت، بلغ تعداد سكانها 64 نسمة حسب تعداد اليمن لعام 2004.
مراجع وروابط خارجية
World Gazetteer:Yemen
الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء بالجمهورية اليمنية
المركز الوطني للمعلومات باليمن
قرى عزلة ساه
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32885221
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aralluy-e%20Bozorg
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Aralluy-e Bozorg
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Aralluy-e Bozorg (also Romanized as Ārāllūy-e Bozorg; also known as Ārāllū-ye Bozorg, Bīlah Daraq, and Bīlah Daraq-e Fūlādlū) is a village in Fuladlui-ye Shomali Rural District of Hir District, Ardabil County, Ardabil province, Iran.
At the 2006 census, its population was 2,276 in 448 households. The following census in 2011 counted 2,567 people in 655 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 2,650 people in 727 households; it is the largest village in its rural district.
After the census, the village was merged with Aralluy-e Kuchek to become the city of Arallu, and the capital of the rural district moved to the village of Khalilabad.
References
Ardabil County
Towns and villages in Ardabil County
Populated places in Ardabil Province
Populated places in Ardabil County
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63640381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia%20J.%20Garcia
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Patricia J. Garcia
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Patricia J. Garcia
Patricia Jannet García Funegra is a Peruvian professor of public and global health at Cayetano Heredia University. She originally trained as a clinician before focusing on research and public health. Her work also focuses on reproductive health, sexually transmitted diseases, and medical informatics. In 2016-17 García was the Minister of Health of Peru. She was the first Peruvian to be elected to the US National Academy of Medicine in 2016.
Early life
García was born in Lima, Peru to parents Olga Funegra Marcellini, a housewife, and Humberto García Taylor, a journalist. Her mother had emigrated from Huánuco.
Education
García graduated from medical school at Cayetano Heredia University in 1988, becoming the first in her family to obtain a university degree. She later completed a Masters in Public Health (MPH), Epidemiology in 1998 at the University of Washington (UW) School of Public Health. In 2011, García completed a PhD at Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH).
Career
In 1991, García moved to the US for a clinical residency program at Jackson Memorial Hospital with the University of Miami, and was Chief Medical Resident for 1993–94. She moved to Seattle as a postdoctoral fellow in infectious diseases at the University of Washington. She was encouraged to work here by Dr King Holmes who became García’s mentor. At UW she began training with the Fogarty International Centre International AIDS Research and Training Program. She stayed at UW to undertake a Masters in Public Health.
García returned to Lima in 1997, and worked at the Ministry of Health of Peru within the National STD/AIDS Control Program, developing guidelines for management of patients with STDs. In 1999, she became Associate Professor, Vice Dean, and Coordinator of the Epidemiology, STD and HIV Unit, at the School of Public Health at UPCH. She was granted full professorship in 2004. García helped establish the Global Health Demonstration Program at UPCH in 2006. This National Institutes of Health-funded program aimed to support training of global health scholars, improve inclusion of researchers from the Global South in global health policy making, and strengthen the use of research in policy making.
She was also the Chief of Peru's National Health Institutes from 2006-2008, the first woman in the country to hold that position. During her term, the Institutes developed a national programme on STDs, supported development of a critically acclaimed web-based laboratory information system (NETLAB), and placed a stronger focus on neglected diseases and environmental health issues such as human bartonellosis, hydatid disease, and traffic accidents.
In 2011, García became Dean of the School of Public Health at UPCH, a position she held until 2016. During this time she helped introduce a new undergraduate training program in Public Health and Global Health at the university. She held a Menschel Senior Leadership Fellowship at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 2018; teaching a course on leadership and development in global health.
García served as Regional Director of the Latin American and Caribbean Association for the Control of STIs from 2006-2011, and as President from 2011-16. She has also served on WHO committees for topics including reproductive health and human papillomavirus vaccines. She is currently a high level advisory board member of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change.
Other activities
University of Washington, Member of the External Advisory Board of the Department of Global Health
WomenLift Health, Member of the Global Advisory Board
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Member of the Board (–2021)
Awards and honours
García became the first Peruvian to be elected to US National Academy of Medicine in 2016.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
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7748941
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%20%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87
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أوديت جاسه
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أوديت جاسه (21 أغسطس 1899 - 9 يناير 1949) هي عالمة فلك فرنسية قضت معظم حياتها المهنية كمديرة في مرصد مرسيليا.
حياتها وتعليمها
ولدت جاس في سان فيكتوريه. وكان والداها مدرسا ومفتشا للجمارك. التحقت جاس بمدرسة للبنات في مرسيليا قبل أن تتخرج في الرياضيات والفيزياء. وفي آب/أغسطس 1920، تولت منصب متدربة في مرصد مرسيليا. من عام 1923 بدأت العمل كمساعدة فلكية، وهو المنصب الذي عينت له رسميا في عام 1927. وكانت قد حصلت على درجة الدراسات العليا في الفيزياء، وأكملت أبحاث الطيف في مختبر هنري بويسون. لاحظت جاس الكواكب القزمة ومسارات السفر من الدبران (نجم) والقمر. ومع ذلك، لم تكمل جاسي أطروحتها للدكتوراه. تولت المهام الإدارية في المرصد من عام 1934. وكانت أيضا سكرتيرة التحرير في مجلة علم الفلك والفيزياء الفلكية «جورنال دي وبسيفاتورس». توفيت في عام 1949 في مرسيليا، حيث سُمي شارع تكريماً لها.
المراجع
أشخاص من مارسيليا
علماء من مارسيليا
فلكيون
فلكيون فرنسيون
فلكيون فرنسيون في القرن 20
مواليد 1899
وفيات 1949
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2088957
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D8%A8%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7
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زين الدين بن المنجا
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زين الدين بن المنجا
زين الدين بن المُنَجَّا عالم دين وفقيه حنبلي، اسمه أبو البركات زين الدين بن المنجا بن عثمان بن أسعد بن المنجا بن بركات التنوخي الحنبلي، ولد عام 631 هـ 1234، كان عالم في الحديث والفقه والأصول والعربية والتفسير، من كتبه الممتع في شرح المقنع وتعاليق في التفسير، توفي عام 695 هـ 1296.
المراجع
حنابلة
علماء مسلمون في القرن 7 هـ
مواليد 1234
مواليد 631 هـ
وفيات 1296
وفيات 659 هـ
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869001
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%20%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86
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داغ أندرسون
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داغ أندرسون Dag Terje Andersen (ولد عام 1957 في فروغن) سياسينرويجي ينتمي إلى حزب العمال النرويجي. انتخب للبرلمان النرويجي في عام 1997، ثم أعيد انتخابه عام 2005. وكان عمدة مدينة لاردل بين عامي 1987 و1992. أصبح المستشار السياسي الأول في وزارة الخارجية قبل أن يصبح وزيرا للشؤون الاجنماعية عام 1992. وكذلك أمينا لحزب العمال النرويجي من عام 1992 حتى 1996.
ثم وزيرا للزراعة عام 1996 ولم يظل فيه إلا أقل من عام، وأصبح في عام 2006 وزيرا للتجارة والصناعة خلفا لأود إريكسن بعدما استقالته من منصبه.
انتخب في 8 أكتوبر 2009 رئيسا للبرلمان النرويجي.
روابط خارجية
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من فروغن
أعضاء برلمان النرويج
رؤساء البرلمان النرويجي
سياسيو حزب العمال (النرويج)
سياسيون نرويجيون في القرن 20
سياسيون نرويجيون في القرن 21
مواليد 1957
مواليد في فروغن
وزراء حكومة النرويج
وزراء زراعة وأطعمة النرويج
وزراء تجارة ونقل بحري النرويج
وزراء عمل النرويج
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135299
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guys%2C%20Tennessee
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Guys, Tennessee
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Guys, Tennessee
Guys is a town in McNairy County, Tennessee. The population was 466 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Guys is located at (35.022989, -88.546564).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (0.26%) is water.
Guys has a border with the town of Eastview to the north of it. It had 763 people in the 2020 census.
Newspaper
Guys's newspaper is the Independent Appeal, which serves all of McNairy County. It was founded in 1902. It is located at 111 N. 2nd St. in Selmer.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 483 people, 188 households, and 141 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 217 housing units at an average density of 18.5 per square mile (7.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 68.94% White, 30.43% Black, 0.21% Asian, and 0.41% from two or more races.
There were 188 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $30,694, and the median income for a family was $32,167. Males had a median income of $26,875 versus $21,932 for females. The per capita income for the town was $14,383. 11.1% of the population and 11.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 10.1% of those under the age of 18 and 12.0% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Politics
In 2004, Paul E. Durr became the town's second mayor. He was the first African American mayor in both Guys and McNairy County.
References
Towns in McNairy County, Tennessee
Towns in Tennessee
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39939373
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lirburak
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Lirburak
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Lirburak (also Romanized as Līrbūrak) is a village in Zilayi Rural District, Margown District, Boyer-Ahmad County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 38, in 8 families.
References
Populated places in Boyer-Ahmad County
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9174831
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA
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وان غانغ
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وان غانغ (في الصينية المبسطة: 万钢; في الصينية التقليدية: 萬鋼; نظام بينيين: Wàn Gāng، من مواليد أغسطس 1952) هو خبير صيني في السيارات وسياسي متقاعد. كان سابقًا رئيسًا لجامعة تونغجي (2002-2007)، ووزيرًا للعلوم والتكنولوجيا، ورئيسًا لحزب الصين للمصلحة العامة الصيني، ونائبًا لرئيس المؤتمر الاستشاري السياسي للشعب الصيني (2008-2023).
سيرة شخصية
تخرج وان غانغ من جامعة نورث إيست فورستري الصينية. في عام 1979، أنهى دراسته العليا في الميكانيكا التجريبية في معهد أبحاث النظريات الإنشائية بجامعة تونغجي وحصل على درجة الماجستير في عام 1981.
في نفس العام، مكث في الحرم الجامعي وقام بتدريس الرياضيات والميكانيكا. في عام 1985، ذهب إلى ألمانيا بصفته باحثًا زائرًا ومرشحًا لدرجة الدكتوراه في قسم الهندسة الميكانيكية في جامعة كلاوستال للتكنولوجيا وحصل على درجة الدكتوراه (دكتور-إنغ) بامتياز بعد خمس سنوات.
في عام 1991، بدأ وان العمل في شركة أودي الألمانية، حيث كان مسؤولاً عن التمثيل الافتراضي للكمبيوتر للسيارات في قسم البحث والتطوير. سرعان ما أنشأ نظام تطوير تلقائي مميز للشركة. في عام 1996، تمت ترقيته إلى مدير تقني في قسم الإنتاج والتكنولوجيا، وتولى مسؤولية تكنولوجيا التصنيع المعلوماتي بالإضافة إلى الإدارة. سهلت قيادته ومساهمته في العديد من الابتكارات التكنولوجيةفي إنتاج سيارة أودي A4، حيث تعتبر سيارة من الجيل الجديد، وبالتالي الى كسب الشركة أرباحًا اقتصادية ضخمة. في عامي 1994 و1995، تمت دعوته على التوالي كأستاذ زائر ومشرف دكتوراه في جامعة كلاوستال للتكنولوجيا في ألمانيا وجامعة تونغجي في الصين. بموجب تعليماته، نجح مرشحو الدكتوراه الألمان في تنفيذ مشروع بحثي عن خلايا الوقود وملأوا الفراغ في هذا المجال في ذلك الوقت.
في عام 2000، قدم وان اقتراحًا استراتيجيًا ("فيما يتعلق بتطوير الطاقة النظيفة الجديدة للسيارات كخط انطلاق للقفزة إلى الأمام في صناعة السيارات الصينية") إلى مجلس الدولة الصيني لتطوير نوع جديد من السيارات التي يتم دفعها بواسطة وقود نظيف، بهدف دخول صناعة السيارات الصينية إلى مرحلة جديدة. حظي اقتراحه باهتمام ودعم وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا ولجنة الدولة الاقتصادية والتجارية. بحلول نهاية عام 2000، عاد إلى الصين بناءً على دعوة من وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا وتم تعيينه رئيسًا للعلماء وقائد مجموعة مشاريع السيارات الكهربائية الرئيسية لبرنامج 863 التي تم اطلاقة من قبل وزارة العلوم والتكنولوجيا. كذلك تولى مسؤولية المشرف الرئيسي للتعامل مع الجزء الأكثر اهمية في هذا المشروع - تطوير سيارة سيدان تعمل بخلايا الوقود، والتي تتعامل مع أكثر التقنيات تعقيدًا بالإضافة إلى أثقل حمل عمل. تم ترشيح هذا المشروع كواحد من "أعظم عشرة تطورات علمية وتكنولوجية للمدارس العليا الصينية في 2005".
في عام 2002، عمل وان كمساعد رئيس جامعة تونغجي. في عام 2003، عمل كنائب (بالنيابة) رئيس جامعة تونغجي؛ وفي يوليو 2004، عمل كرئيس لجامعة تونغجي. كما كان العميد المؤسس لمركز هندسة السيارات للطاقة الجديدة في جامعة تونغجي.
كان وان عضو اللجنة الدائمة للمؤتمر الاستشاري السياسي العاشر للشعب الصيني. وكان رئيسًا لحزب الصين للمصلحة العامة منذ ديسمبر 2007 ونائبًا للرئيس في جمعية العلوم والتكنولوجيا في شنغهاي منذ عام 2006.
تم تعيين وان وزيرًا للعلوم والتكنولوجيا في جمهورية الصين الشعبية في 27 أبريل 2007. وكان أول وزير في مجلس الوزراء من حزب غير شيوعي منذ أواخر السبعينيات عندما أطلقت الصين حملة الإصلاح والانفتاح الاقتصادي.
مراجع
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من أودي
رؤساء الحكومة في جمهورية الصين الشعبية
قادة فرسان من وسام استحقاق جمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية
مواليد 1952
وزراء العلم والتقانة في جمهورية الصين الشعبية
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55375509
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp%20Seidl
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Philipp Seidl
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Philipp Seidl (born 20 December 1997) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Kapfenberger SV.
Club career
He made his Austrian Football First League debut for SC Wiener Neustadt on 8 August 2017 in a game against TSV Hartberg.
On 19 June 2021 he signed with Grazer AK.
References
External links
1997 births
People from Gleisdorf
Footballers from Styria
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
Austria men's under-21 international footballers
Men's association football defenders
1. Wiener Neustädter SC (2008) players
SV Lafnitz players
Kapfenberger SV players
Grazer AK players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Austrian Regionalliga players
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2108814
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial%20Highness
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Imperial Highness
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Imperial Highness
His/Her Imperial Highness (abbreviation HIH) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial – as opposed to royal – status to show that the holder in question is descended from an emperor rather than a king (compare His/Her Royal Highness).
The first dynasty to use the style in Europe on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire.
With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804, the style of members of its imperial family changed to Imperial Highness. Following the Austro-Hungarian compromise with its creation of two intertwined but distinct states, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, the style was changed to Imperial and Royal Highness to reflect the double role; however, the colloquialism of omitting "and Royal" was acceptable even for the most formal occasions.
Today, the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the . In the past, the style has been applied to the more senior members of imperial dynasties, including the French, Turkish, Russian, Brazil, and Ethiopian imperial houses, among many others. Archdukes of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty traditionally hold the style of Imperial and Royal Highness, with the "Royal" signifying their status as Princes of Hungary. These styles have been abrogated but are often given out of courtesy. Some members of the royal family of Belgium descending from the Habsburgs do hold it as an official style (the "and Royal" might here possibly be read as referring as well to Belgium). Members of the British royal family, theoretically, as the imperial family of British India, could have used the title, but did not.
Royal styles
es:Tratamientos protocolares de la monarquía
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73247
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Cuba
|
Geography of Cuba
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Geography of Cuba
Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an archipelago of islands centred upon the geographic coordinates 21°3N, 80°00W. Cuba is the principal island, surrounded by four main archipelagos: the Colorados, the Sabana-Camagüey, the Jardines de la Reina and the Canarreos. Cuba's area is including coastal and territorial waters with a land area of , which makes it the eighth-largest island country in the world. The main island (Cuba) has of coastline and of land borders—all figures including the U.S. Navy's Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.
Cuba lies west of the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Gulf of Mexico, south of the Straits of Florida, northwest of the Windward Passage, and northeast of the Yucatán Channel. The main island (Cuba), at , makes up most of the land area and is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area.
The island is long and across its widest points and across its narrowest points. The largest island outside the main island is the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Youth) in the southwest, with an area of .
The main island consists mostly of flat to rolling plains. At the southeastern end is the Sierra Maestra, a range of steep mountains whose highest point is the Pico Real del Turquino at .
Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Better-known smaller towns include Baracoa, which was the first Spanish settlement on Cuba, Trinidad, a UNESCO world heritage site, and Bayamo.
Physical geography
Cuba is located 77 km (48 mi) west of Haiti across the Windward Passage, 21 km (13 mi) south of The Bahamas (Cay Lobos), south of the United States (Key West, Florida), 210 km (130.5 mi) east of Mexico, and north of Jamaica. It was made in three stages.
Cuba is the largest country by land area in the Caribbean. Its main island is the 17th-largest island in the world by land area. The island rises between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean. It is bordered on the north by the Straits of Florida, on the northeast by Nicholas Channel and the Old Bahama Channel. The southern part is bounded by the Windward Passage and the Cayman Trench, while the southwest lies in the Caribbean Sea. To the west, it reaches to the Yucatán Channel, and the northwest is open to the Gulf of Mexico.
Nearly 4,200 islands, islets and cays make up the country. The southern coast includes such archipelagos as Jardines de la Reina and the Canarreos. The northeastern shore is lined by the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago, which includes Jardines del Rey and is composed of approximately 2,517 cays and islands. The Colorados Archipelago is developed on the northwestern coast.
Terrain
Cuba's terrain is mostly flat or rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast. The lowest point is the Caribbean Sea at 0 m (sea level) and the highest point is Pico Turquino at , part of the Sierra Maestra mountain range, located in the southeast of the island.
Other mountain ranges are Sierra Cristal in the southeast, Escambray Mountains in the center of the island, and Sierra del Rosario in the northwest. White sand beaches (most notably in Varadero), as well as mangroves and marshes can be found in the coastal area. The largest is the Zapata Swamp, with over . A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 675 km² of tidal flats in Cuba, making it the 38th-ranked country in terms of tidal flat area.
Cuba has negligible inland water area. The largest natural water mirror is Laguna de Leche at , while the man-made Zaza Reservoir, at , is the largest inland water surface by area in the country.
Geology
Climate
Most of Cuba has a tropical savanna climate (Aw according to the Köppen climate classification), although areas on the windward slopes of the Sierra Maestra and Sierra del Rosario have either a tropical monsoon climate or a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate, whilst a hot semi-arid climate occurs in the Guantánamo Bay area because of a rain shadow from the Sierra Maestra. In most areas, the dry season lasts from November to April and the rainy season from May to October.
The climate is tropical, though moderated by trade winds. In general (with local variations), there is a drier season from November to April, and a rainier season from May to October. The average temperature is in January and in July.
Cuba lies in the path of hurricanes, and these destructive storms are most common in September and October. Tornadoes are somewhat rare in Cuba; however, on the evening of 27 January 2019, a very rare strong F4 tornado struck the eastern side of Havana, Cuba's capital city. The tornado caused extensive damage, destroying at least 90 homes, killing four people and injuring 195. By 4 February, the death toll had increased to six, with 11 people still in critical condition.
Maritime claims
Cuba makes maritime claims that include a territorial sea of and an exclusive economic zone of with .
Extreme points
Extreme points in Cuba are:
Natural resources
Natural resources include cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, salt, timber, silica, oil and petroleum. At one time the whole island was covered with forests, and there are still many cedar (Cedrela odorata), chechem (Metopium brownei), mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), and other valuable trees. Large areas were cleared to grow more sugarcane, and so few trees remained that timber had to be imported.
The most important Cuban mineral economic resource is nickel. Cuba has the second-largest nickel reserves in the world after Russia. Sherritt International, a Canadian energy company, operates a large nickel mining facility in Moa, Cuba. Another leading mineral resource is cobalt, a byproduct of nickel mining operations. Cuba ranks as the fifth-largest producer of refined cobalt in the world.
Cuba has historically been dependent on oil imports. As of 2011, Cuba had proven reserves of a mere of crude oil and 2.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and mostly used oil for power generation. In 2010, Cuba produced 51,000 barrels of crude oil a day (Kb/d) in 2010 in onshore or shallow near-shore development, "mostly heavy, sour (sulfur-rich) crude that requires advanced refining capacity to process." Offshore exploration in the North Cuba Basin had revealed the possibility of an additional of technically recoverable crude oil, 0.9 billion barrels of natural gas liquids, and 9.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. As of 2011, Cuba had six offshore petroleum development projects with foreign oil companies Petrovietnam (Vietnam), Petronas (Malaysia), PDVSA (Venezuela), Sonangol (Angola), ONGC (India), Repsol (Spain), and Statoil (Norway).
Sugarcane was historically the most important part of the Cuban economy, and large areas are still dedicated to its cultivation; in 2018, Cuba produced an estimated 1.1–1.3 million tonnes of raw sugar. The importance of the sugar harvest has declined, with tourism, tobacco, nickel, and pharmaceuticals surpassing sugar in economic importance.
Extensive irrigation systems are developed in the south of Sancti Spíritus Province. Tobacco, used for some of the world's cigars, is grown especially in the Pinar del Río Province.
Administrative subdivisions
Cuba is divided into 15 provinces and one special municipality. Provinces are further subdivided into 168 municipalities.
References
External links
Map of the Complete Island of Cuba from 1639
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35356507
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coursera
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Coursera
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Coursera Inc. is a U.S.-based massive open online course provider founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Coursera works with universities and other organizations to offer online courses, certifications, and degrees in a variety of subjects. In 2023 more than 275+ universities and companies offer more than 4,000 courses through Coursera.
History
Coursera was founded in 2012 by Stanford University computer science professors Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. Ng and Koller started offering their Stanford courses online in fall 2011, and soon after left Stanford to launch Coursera. Princeton, Stanford, the University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania were the first universities to offer content on the platform.
In 2014 Coursera received both the Webby Winner (Websites and Mobile Sites
Education 2014) and the People's Voice Winner (Websites and Mobile Sites Education) awards.
In March 2021, Coursera filed for an IPO. The nine-year-old company brought in roughly $293 million in revenue for the fiscal year ended December 31 — a 59% growth rate from 2019, according to the filing. Net losses widened by roughly $20 million yearly, reaching $66.8 million in 2020. Coursera spent $107 million on marketing in 2020.
Finances
Coursera's revenues rose from $184 million in 2019 to $294 million in 2020. To date, Coursera has not made a profit. The company lost $66 million in 2020 as it ramped up marketing and advertising.
For the first quarter of 2021, Coursera reported revenue of $88.4 million, up 64% from a year earlier, with a net loss of $18.7 million, or $13.4 million on a non-GAAP basis. Coursera said consumer revenue was $51.9 million, up 61%, while enterprise revenue was $24.5 million, up 63%, and degree programs had revenue of $12 million, up 81%.
For the third quarter of 2021, Coursera reported revenue of $109.9 million, up 33% from $82.7 million a year ago. Gross profit was $67.7 million or 61.6% of revenue. Net loss was $(32.5) million or (29.5)% of revenue.
Coursera has never made a profit.
Funding
The startup raised an initial $16 million funding round backed by Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and New Enterprise Associates. In 2013, GSV led the Series B investment, which totaled $63 million. In 2015, NEA led the Series C round of venture funding, which totaled more than $60 million. In 2017, the company raised $64 million from its existing investors in a Series D round of funding. In 2019, the company raised $103 million in Series E round of funding from the SEEK Group, Future Fund and NEA. The company reached valuation of $1 billion+ in 2019. In July 2020, the company announced it had raised $130 million in Series F funding and updated its valuation to $2.5 billion.
Business model
In September 2013, it announced it had earned $1 million in revenue through the sale of verified certificates that authenticate successful course completion. Coursera first rolled out a series of fee-based course options, which included verified credentials for completion, in 2013. As of October 2015, the company had raised a total of $146.1 million in venture capital.
In January 2016, Coursera rolled out fees to earn grades and assessments for "the vast majority of courses that are part of Specializations". The company offers Financial Aid to people who demonstrate a need.
In July 2016, the company launched an enterprise product called Coursera for Business. TechCrunch notes that the company "opened itself to additional revenues from the lucrative corporate e-learning market, which some reports suggest was worth $12 billion in the US alone". Coursera for Business customers include L'Oréal, Boston Consulting Group, and Axis Bank. In October 2016, Coursera launched a monthly subscription model for Specializations and a 1-week free trial. The company has said subscription costs will vary "depending on the topic area".
In January 2017, the company launched Coursera for Governments & Nonprofits. Coursera has announced partnerships with the Institute for Veterans & Military Families (IVMF) in the United States and entities in Egypt, Mongolia, Singapore, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Kazakhstan. In June 2017, Jeff Maggioncalda became the CEO of Coursera.
In March 2018, Coursera launched six fully online degree courses, including the bachelor's and master's qualifications in various domains.
Strategic partners
the total number of partners is more than 200 across 29 countries. Coursera mainly works with universities and colleges, but also with corporations and governments. University partners include University of São Paulo in Brazil, University of London in the UK, Indian School of Business of India, Yonsei University in South Korea, and institutions like Yale, University of Illinois and University of Pennsylvania. Google launched Professional certification program. Google will consider all of its certificates as the equivalent of a four-year college degree.
Product and services
Courses
Coursera courses last approximately four to twelve weeks, with one to two hours of video lectures a week. These courses provide quizzes, weekly exercises, peer-graded and reviewed assignments, an optional Honors assignment, and sometimes a final project or exam to complete the course. Courses are also provided on-demand, in which case users can take their time in completing the course with all of the material available at once. , Coursera offered 104 on-demand courses. They also provide guided projects which are short 2-3 hour projects that can be done at home.
According to 'Coursera Impact Report 2020', the top five most popular courses that people learn from Coursera were contact tracing, digital marketing, project management, Python programming, and social psychology.
Degrees
As of 2017, Coursera offers complete master's degrees. They first started with a Master's in Innovation and Entrepreneurship (MSIE) from HEC Paris and a Master's of Accounting (iMSA) from the University of Illinois but have moved on to offer a Master of Computer Science in Data Science and Master of Business Administration (iMBA), both from University of Illinois. Also as part of their MBA programs, there are some courses which are offered separately, which are included in the curriculum of specific MBAs when enrolling in classes such as their digital marketing courses.
Professional certificate
Google, IBM, Meta and other well-known companies, launched various courses for professional certificates, allowing students to fill the workforce in various sectors, such as data analytics, IT support, digital marketing, UX design, project management, and Data science. According to Google, their courses are equivalent to 4 year degrees. They also offered 100,000 scholarships. Google and its 20+ partners will accept those certificates as 4-year degree equivalent.
Pricing and Fees
Some people find Coursera's pricing and fees confusing.
Many of its courses are free to students—over 2,900 free courses as of 2023.
The free courses (also called "auditing a course") do not include a certificate of completion or grades or any other instructor feedback.
A free course can be "upgraded" to the paid version of a course, which includes instructor's feedback and grades for the submitted assignments, and (if the student gets a passing grade) a certificate of completion.
Other Coursera courses, projects, specializations, etc. cannot be audited—they are only available in paid versions. Many them begin with a 7-day free trial.
Impact
In 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Coursera launched a course by the Jameel Institute at Imperial College London. Called "Science Matters: Let's Talk About COVID-19", the course was the most popular launched on Coursera in 2020, with over 130,000 enrolled learners that year. The course was presented by Jameel Institute research lead Professor Helen Ward and deputy director Dr Katharina Hauck, with specific modules in collaboration with other researchers from across Imperial.
Outreach and sponsorship programs
In March 2020, in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic, Coursera, alongside its partners, sponsored over 115 certification courses for people who may have been affected by the global pandemic. This is part of an outreach initiative for people who may have lost their jobs, been retrenched, had their salaries reduced, or merely want to improve and grow by learning and developing their technical skills through recognized certifications. The program ended on December 31, 2020, but many free courses on Coursera remain available through auditing.
References
External links
American educational websites
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies based in Mountain View, California
Education companies established in 2012
Educational technology companies of the United States
Open educational resources
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Software companies of the United States
Software companies established in 2012
American companies established in 2012
2012 establishments in California
2021 initial public offerings
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23177388
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Arthur%20%28Australian%20soccer%29
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George Arthur (Australian soccer)
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George Arthur (Australian soccer)
George Arthur (23 February 1925 – 28 March 1990) was an Australian soccer player who played for Wallsend Football Club and Australia.
Playing career
Arthur began his senior career with Merewether at the age of 17. He later joined Wallsend where he played over 400 first grade appearances and served as captain. He later had stints with Lysaghts Orb and Blacksmiths Rangers.
Arthur was a member of the Australian team at the 1956 Summer Olympics. The Sydney Morning Herald called his performance in his debut against Japan "outstanding", noting that he was a surprise selection for the team. After Australia's elimination against India in their second match, Arthur only played once more for the national team, a post-Olympics friendly match against India in December 1956.
References
1925 births
1990 deaths
Australian men's soccer players
Footballers at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Olympic soccer players for Australia
Men's association football wing halves
Australia men's international soccer players
Soccer players from Newcastle, New South Wales
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5569055
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%20%D9%85%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86
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مايك مكمان
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مايك مكمان هو لاعب كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكي، ولد في 8 فبراير 1979 في بيتسبرغ في الولايات المتحدة.
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أظهرة رباعيون كرة قدم أمريكية
أظهرة رباعيون كرة قدم كندية
أمريكيون من أصل أيرلندي
رياضيون من بنسيلفانيا
لاعبو أمريكيون من كرة القدم الكندية
لاعبو تورونتو أرغونتس
لاعبو ديترويت ليونز
لاعبو فيلادلفيا إيقلز
لاعبو كرة القدم الأمريكية من بنسيلفانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم أمريكية أمريكيون مغتربون
مواليد 1979
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4255177
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA
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اوسينغ
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اوسينغ
بَلْدَة أُوسينغ (بالأَلمانِيَّة: Gemeindefreies Osing) هي بَلدَة أَلمانِيَّة فِي المَجَال الإِدَارِيِّ الحُرَّ؛ تَشمَل أَجِزاء مِنها مُشاع زرَّاعِيٍّ وغَابَات. تَقعُ أُوسينغ في مِنْطَقَة نُويشَتَات آن دِير آيش-بَاد ڤيندسهَايِمّ التَّابِعة لمُحافظة فرانْكُونيَا الوُسطَى في وِلاَية باڤارِيا في جُمهُوريَّة أَلمَانيَا الاِتّحاديّة. بمِساحة تُقَدَّر بحَوالَي 3 كم².
صُوّر
مَراجع
بلديات بافاريا
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411123
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%83%D8%A7
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دزيهيفكا
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دزيهيفكا (Дзигівка) هي قرية في منطقة يامبيل في فينيتسا أوبلاست في أوكرانيا.
يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 4132 نسمة.
مراجع
مدن أوكرانيا
قرى في مقاطعة فينيتسا
حكومة بودوليا
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3505347
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B4%20%28%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B4%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%29
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مركز سيدي بطاش (سيدي بطاش المركز)
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مركز سيدي بطاش (سيدي بطاش المركز)
مركز سيدي بطاش هو دُوَّار يقع بجماعة سيدى بطاش، إقليم بنسليمان، جهة الدار البيضاء سطات في المملكة المغربية. ينتمي الدوّار لمشيخة سيدي بطاش المركز التي تضم دوار واحد. يقدر عدد سكانه بـ 3474 نسمة حسب الإحصاء الرسمي للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2004.
مراجع
روابط خارجية
البوابة الوطنية للجماعات الترابية
المندوبية السامية للتخطيط
أماكن مأهولة في سيدي بطاش المركز (سيدى بطاش)
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20074027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Edwards%20%28footballer%29
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Alex Edwards (footballer)
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Alex Edwards (footballer)
Alex Edwards (born 14 February 1946) is a Scottish former association football player, who played as a midfielder for Dunfermline, Hibernian and Arbroath.
Jock Stein gave Edwards his league debut just five days after his 16th birthday in February 1962, which made him the second youngest outfield player, after Andy Penman of Dundee, to ever play in a Scottish Football League match. He then featured as a 16-year-old in Dunfermline's famous 6-2 home victory against Valencia in 1962. He then went on to play for Dunfermline in the Scottish Cup Finals of 1965 and 1968, winning the latter.
Hibernian manager Eddie Turnbull signed Edwards for £13,000 in 1971. He combined well on the right side of the Hibs side with John Brownlie. He played in another Scottish Cup Final in 1972, before winning the Scottish League Cup in the following season. Hibs challenged for the league title that season as well, but fell away after Edwards was banned for eight weeks having been booked four times.
Edwards moved on to Arbroath in 1978, before retiring from professional football in 1980.
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
Footballers from Dunfermline
Men's association football wingers
Scottish men's footballers
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Arbroath F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
Scottish Football League representative players
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1172657
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3
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قصر الرياس
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قصر الرياس أيضا يسمى الحصن 23 من أهم المعالم التاريخية لمدينة الجزائر العاصمة. وعلاوة على ذلك، فهو يمثل أحد شواهد الماضي المجسدة على امتدادات مدينة الجزائر (القصبة) نحو البحر في الفترة العثمانية (ما بين القرن السادس عشر والتاسع عشر). المصنف تراثا عالميا من طرف اليونسكو.
التاريخ
يبدأ تاريخ القصر بتشييد الداي رمضان باشا لبرج الزوبيا سنة 1576 لتعزيز دفاعات المدينة المنخفضة. لقب لاحقا بقاع السور وسبع التبرن وتوبنات أرناؤوط لاحتوائها على قطع مدفعية استقدمها الرايس مامي أرناؤوط. ولقب بالحصن 23 بعد تشييد أسوار المدينة في عهد الاحتلال الفرنسي. أما، ترقيم القصر (قصر 16، 17، إلخ) ومنازل «الصيادين» فجرى أثناء الأعمال المسحية لنفس الفترة.
المرجع التاريخي الوحيد المتاح، يتعلق بقصر رقم 18 الذي بناه الرايس مامي أرناؤوط في حوالي 1750.
الفترة الاستعمارية
بعد عام 1830 تاريخ احتلال مدينة الجزائر، صار القصر 18 إقامة لقائد الهندسة المدنية، ثم مدرسة داخلية للبنات، ثم مكتب القنصلية للولايات المتحدة، ثم الإقامة «دوق أمال» وأخيرا مكتبة البلدية.
بعد الاستقلال
بعد استقلال الجزائر في عام 1962، احتلت أسر جزائرية الموقع التاريخي وتعرض إلى بعض التغييرات. ورغم هذا الاحتلال الذي ألحق ضررا بالمبنى، إلا أنه ساعد على إبقاء المشغولات الخشبية أجزاء من المفارقات في حالة حفظ خاصة. كما تأثر المبنى بالعوامل المناخية ومن قربه من البحر نتج عنها عواقب ضارة إلى حد تهديد المبنى بالانهيار.
وفي عام 1980، شرعت وزارة الثقافة في التكفل على مراحل مختلفة بالمعلم التاريخي. أولاً بترحيل القاطنين إلى سكنات، ثم الدراسة وترميم ما سيصبح لاحقا مركز الفنون والثقافة في قصر الرياس (الحصن 23). الهدف الرئيسي لمشروع ترميم هذا المعلم التاريخي هو تأهيله وتطويره لاستغلال أفضل. استمرت الأشغال من 1987 إلى 1993 ليفتح القصر للجمهور في عام 1994.
بعض التواريخ
1750/1798: الداي مصطفى يشيد القصر 18.
1830: الاحتلال الفرنسي للجزائر.
1840: بداية تغييرات حضرية كبيرة في «قصبة الجزائر العاصمة».
1906: تاريخ تصنيف الحصن 23 كتراث وطني (جددت في المرسوم 67-281، 20 ديسمبر 1967).
1932: وضع برنامج للتنمية القصبة. الاختفاء التدريجي لأحياء البحرية التي فسحت المجال للمدينة الأوروبية.
1962: الحصن 23 الدليل الوحيد على تمدد القصبة نحو البحر؛ يصبح مسكن لأسر جزائرية.
أوائل عام 1980: إعادة إسكان الأسر وتكفل وزارة الثقافة بالمبنى.
1980، 1985: COMEDOR يتكفل تقنيا / زيارات لخبراء واستشاريي اليونسكو.
عام 1985/1986: دراسات لحالة المباني ينجزها مكتب دراسات تركي.
نهاية 1987: شركة إيطالية تبدأ أعمال الترميم.
1991: تصنيف المعلم كتراث وطني.
1992: تاريخ تصنيف المعلم كتراث عالمي (ضمن نطاق تصنيف القصبة).
1 نوفمبر 1994: الافتتاح الرسمي لمركز الفنون والثقافة لقصر الرياس.
الموقع
يقع «قصر الرياس» في شمال شرق بلدية القصبة عند زاوية «نهج أول نوفمبر 1954م» و«نهج محمد رشيد عمارة».
مكتبة الصور
المراجع
طالع أيضا
ثانوية الأمير عبد القادر
حديقة براغ
زاوية سي السعدي
المعهد الوطني العالي للموسيقى
ساحة باب الوادي
الجزائر (مدينة)
تاريخ الجزائر
دار السلطان
عمارة عثمانية في الجزائر
عمارة مغاربية
قصبة الجزائر
قصور الجزائر
قصور أيالة الجزائر
متاحف في مدينة الجزائر
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2685832
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9
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هندسة مستدامة
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هندسة مستدامة
الهندسة المستدامة هي عملية تصميم نظم التشغيل واستخدام الطاقة والموارد على نحو مستدام، أي بمعدل الذي لا يضر البيئة الطبيعية، وبقدرة الأجيال المقبلة على تلبية احتياجاتها الخاصة.
الهندسة المشتركة تركز على
•إمدادات المياه.
•إنتاج الغذاء.
•السكن والمأوى.
•الصرف الصحي وإدارة النفايات.
•تطوير الطاقة.
•النقل.
•المعالجة الصناعية.
•تنمية الموارد الطبيعية.
•تنظيف مواقع النفايات الملوثة.
•استعادة البيئات الطبيعية مثل الغابات والبحيرات، والجداول، والأراضي الرطبة.
•تحسين العمليات الصناعية للقضاء على النفايات وتقليل استهلاك.
•التوصية الاستخدام المناسب والمبتكر للتكنولوجيا.
الأهداف المستقبلية
إنشاء برنامج شامل لتحديد وتوفير المعلومات التي يحتاج المهندسين في البلدان النامية لتوفير الطاقة والمياه والغذاء والصحة، وغيرها من الاحتياجات الإنسانية الأساسية.
منح التعليم للطلاب والمهندسين العاملين لجعلهم يدركون أهمية الاستدامة.
المشارك في عمليات صنع القرار والمشاريع التي تحقق أداء.
تحسين التعليم على الاستدامة وتقديم المساعدة في البلدان النامية.
الإنجازات بين عامي 1992-2002
شُكلت الشراكة العالمية للهندسة من أجل التنمية المستدامة (WEPSD)، وتولت المسؤولية عن المجالات التالية: إعادة تصميم المسؤوليات الهندسية والأخلاقيات بما يناسب التنمية المستدامة، وتحليل خطة طويلة الأجل وتطويرها، وإيجاد حل من خلال تبادل المعلومات مع الشركاء واستخدام التقنيات الجديدة، وحل مشاكل البيئة العالمية الحرجة مثل المياه العذبة والتغير المناخي.
شُكلت كاسي غلوبال بشكل أساسي كمنصة للشركات والحكومات لمشاركة أفضل الممارسات، مع تولي مهمة تعزيز مسألة المسؤولية الاجتماعية للشركات والاستدامة، والمعرفة المرتبطة بهما. انضمت الآلاف من الشركات والكليات في جميع أنحاء العالم إلى كاسي غلوبال بهدف دعم هذه المهمة. تقدم كاسي أيضًا برامج الزمالة العالمية في التمويل/العمليات/التصنيع/ سلسلة التوريد وغير ذلك، مع تخصص مزدوج في الاستدامة. الفكرة في أن يغرس كل مهني الاستدامة في وظيفته الأساسية وصناعته. http://www.casiglobal.us/
تطوير السياسات البيئية ومدونات الأخلاق والمبادئ التوجيهية للتنمية المستدامة.
تفعيل ميثاق الأرض كمبادرة مجتمع مدني.
انضمام البنك الدولي وبرنامج الأمم المتحدة للبيئة وصندوق البيئة العالمي إلى برامج التنمية المستدامة.
إطلاق برامج لطلاب الهندسة والمهندسين الممارسين حول كيفية تطبيق مفاهيم التنمية المستدامة في عملهم.
تطوير نُهج جديدة في العمليات الصناعية.
الإسكان المستدام
بلغ متوسط استهلاك الكهرباء السنوي لعميل المرافق السكنية في الولايات المتحدة 10908 كيلوواط/ساعة في عام 2013، بمتوسط 909 كيلووات/ساعة شهريًا. سُجل أعلى استهلاك سنوي في لويزيانا، إذ بلغ 15.270 كيلوواط/ساعة، وسُجل أقل استهلاك في هاواي وبلغ 6176 كيلوواط/ساعة. يستخدم القطاع السكني نفسه 18% من إجمالي الطاقة المولدة، وبالتالي، قد يخفّض دمج ممارسات البناء المستدامة هذا الرقم الكبير. تشمل ممارسات البناء المستدامة الأساسية:
المواقع والأماكن المستدامة: يعدّ المكان الذي نختاره للبناء أحد العناصر الهامة في الأسلوب الأخضر، وغالبًا ما يُغفل عنه. يسمح تجنب المواقع غير الملائمة مثل الأراضي الزراعية، وتحديد الموقع بالقرب من البنية التحتية الموجودة أساسًا، مثل الطرق والمجاري وأنظمة تصريف مياه الأمطار والمرور، للبناة بتقليل التأثير السلبي على محيط المنزل.
ترشيد استهلاك المياه: يمكن الحفاظ على المياه اقتصاديًا عن طريق تركيب تجهيزات منخفضة التدفق والتي لها نفس تكلفة النماذج الأقل كفاءة غالبًا. يمكن توفير المياه في تطبيقات تنسيق الحدائق ببساطة عن طريق اختيار النباتات المناسبة.
المواد: تتضمن المواد الخضراء العديد من الخيارات المختلفة. يفترض الناس غالبًا أن كلمة «خضراء» تعني المواد المعاد تدويرها، ولكن رغم اعتبار هذه المواد المعاد تدويرها خيارًا، إلا أن المواد الخضراء تشمل أيضًا المواد المعاد استخدامها والمواد المتجددة مثل الخيزران والفلين أو المواد المحلية في منطقتك. على المادة الخضراء ألا تكون أكثر تكلفة أو ذات جودة أقل أو أعلى. معظم المنتجات الخضراء قابلة للمقارنة مع نظيراتها غير الخضراء.
حفظ الطاقة: يمكن أن يكون الحفاظ على الطاقة أهم عنصر في البناء الأخضر. يمكن للمنازل الاستفادة من انخفاض استهلاك الطاقة أو التأهل كمنزل خالٍ من الطاقة، من خلال تنفيذ التصاميم السلبية والألواح الهيكلية المعزولة والإضاءة الفعالة والطاقة المتجددة مثل الطاقة الشمسية والطاقة الحرارية الجوفية.
الجودة البيئة داخل المنازل: تلعب جودة البيئة الداخلية دورًا محوريًا في صحة الشخص. يمكن إنشاء بيئة صحية بشكل أكبر من خلال تجنب المواد الخطرة الموجودة في الطلاء والسجاد والتشطيبات الأخرى. من المهم أيضًا توافر تهوية مناسبة وإضاءة نهارية وافرة.
اقتصاديّات
ترشيد استهلاك المياه: يمكن للمنزل الذي شُيّد حديثًا استخدام المنتجات التي تحمل ملصق ووترسينس دون أي تكاليف إضافية، وتوفير المياه بنسبة 20% عند تضمين التوفير في استخدام سخان المياه والمياه نفسها.
ترشيد استهلاك الطاقة: يعد الحفاظ على الطاقة بالتأكيد الأكثر قيمةً عندما يتعلق الأمر بأقساط تكلفة التنفيذ، ويتمتع بأكبر إمكانية لتحقيق اقتصاديّات. يمكن تحقيق الحد الأدنى من المدخرات دون أي تكلفة إضافية من خلال اتباع استراتيجيات التصميم السلبي. تتمثل الخطوة التالية للتصميم السلبي في مستوى التفكير الأخضر (وفي النهاية مستوى التوفير) في استخدام مواد بناء مغلفة متطورة، مثل الألواح الهيكلية المعزولة، إذ يمكن تثبيت هذه الألواح بتكلفة 2 دولار لكل قدم طولي من الجدار الخارجي، أي بما يعادل قسطًا إجماليًا أقل من 500 دولار لمنزل نموذجي من طابق واحد، مما يحقق توفيرًا في الطاقة بنسبة 50%. يبلغ متوسط نفقات الطاقة السنوية لمنزل من أسرة واحدة 2200 دولارًا، وفقًا لوزارة الطاقة، لذلك يمكن للألواح الهيكلية المعزولة توفير ما يصل إلى 1100 دولارًا في السنة. من الضروري تنفيذ تطبيقات الطاقة المتجددة علاوة على ميزات أخرى، لتحقيق الاقتصاديات المرتبطة بالبناء منخفض الطاقة. يمكن لنظام الطاقة الحرارية الجوفية أن يحقق هذا الهدف بعلاوة تكلفة تقارب 7 دولارات للقدم المربع، بينما يتطلب النظام الكهروضوئي (الشمسي) ما يصل إلى 25000 دولار كقسط إجمالي.
روابط خارجية
Vanegas, Jorge.(2004). “Sustainable Engineering Practice – An introduction”. ASCE publishing.
أنطاليا, (1997). “XI World Forestry Congress”, (Volume 3, topic 2), retrieved from http://www.fao.org/forestry/docrep/wfcxi/publi/v3/T12E/2-3.HTM
http://www.sustainableengineeringdesign.com
https://engineering.purdue.edu/EEE/Research/Areas/sustainable.html
http://www7.caret.cam.ac.uk/sustainability.htm
http://www.aaas.org/programs/international/caip/events/fall97/sanio.html
مصادر
تخصصات الهندسة
تقنيات مستدامة
مشاريع
هندسة بيئية
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30694727
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Montgomery%20%28cricketer%29
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Bill Montgomery (cricketer)
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Bill Montgomery (cricketer)
William Montgomery (4 March 1878 – 14 November 1952) played first-class cricket for Surrey and Somerset between 1901 and 1907. He was born at Staines, then in Middlesex and died at Peterborough.
Montgomery was a right-arm fast bowler and, in first-class cricket, a lower-order batsman, though he batted as an opener at times in other matches and in his games for Somerset he scarcely bowled at all. He was on the ground staff at The Oval from 1896 and appeared in Surrey second eleven matches from 1898, playing regularly in Minor Counties matches from 1899. He made his first-class cricket debut against W. G. Grace's London County in 1901, taking four wickets in the match, including Gilbert Jessop twice. But in the next game against Hampshire he failed to take a wicket and he disappeared from first-team cricket for two seasons. He returned to the Surrey side for five matches early in the 1903 season and in the first of these, a game ruined by rain against Warwickshire at Edgbaston he took four wickets for 17 runs, the best bowling figures of his career. There were seven further games for Montgomery at the end of the 1904 season, but he achieved little with either bat or ball, and joined Somerset for the 1905 season.
Not qualified for County Championship matches in 1905 or 1906, Montgomery's only match for Somerset in 1905 was the game against the Australian team at Bath, a match in which his former Surrey colleague, Tom Richardson, made his only appearance for Somerset. By the time he was qualified to play regularly in 1907, his bowling was almost gone and he took just three wickets in nine games, all of them in a single innings against the South Africans in his very last first-class game. His batting failed to compensate for the lack of wickets: he had his best ever season with the bat, averaging 10.12 and against Warwickshire at Bath he scored exactly 50, the only time in his first-class career that he reached this milestone. He did not play for Somerset after this 1907 season.
That was the end of Montgomery's first-class career, but he appeared in Minor Counties matches for Cheshire in 1911 and Hertfordshire in 1913. He was the cricket coach at Oundle School for around 30 years, retiring in 1946.
References
1878 births
1952 deaths
English cricketers
Surrey cricketers
Somerset cricketers
Cheshire cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Teachers of Oundle School
People from Staines-upon-Thames
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5941841
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1111%20%28%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%29
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1111 (عدد)
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1111 (عدد)
هو عدد صحيح، يلي العدد 1109 ويسبق العدد 1101.
في الرياضيات
خصائص
عدد طبيعي.
عدد فردي.
عدد موجب، السالب منه هو - .
في التاريخ
هـ هي سنة في التقويم الهجري.
هي سنة م في التقويم الميلادي.
انظر أيضًا
أعداد صاتمة
حساب الجمل
مراجع
وصلات خارجية
الأعداد الصاتمة، ديوان اللغة العربية.
أعداد صحيحة
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5979725
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votebank
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Votebank
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Votebank (also spelled vote-bank or vote bank), in the political discourse of India, is a term referring to a loyal bloc of voters from a single community, who consistently back a certain candidate or political formation in democratic elections. Such behavior is often the result of an expectation of benefits, whether real or imagined, from the political formations, often at the cost of other communities. Votebank politics is the practice of creating and maintaining votebanks through divisive policies. As it encourages voting on the basis of self-interest of certain groups, often against their better judgement, it is considered harmful to the principles of representative democracy. Here, community may be of a caste, religion, language, or subnation.
Etymology
The term was first used by noted Indian sociologist, M. N. Srinivas in his 1955 paper entitled The Social System of a Mysore Village. He used it in the context of political influence exerted by a patron over a client. Later, the expression was used by F. G. Bailey, a professor of anthropology at the University of California, San Diego, in his 1959 book Politics and Social Change, to refer to the electoral influence of the caste leader. This is the usage that has since become popular.
Examples
Some of the first identified votebanks were along caste lines. Others based on other community characteristics, such as religion and language, have also occurred. Votebanks are generally considered undesirable in electoral politics. For example, argues that votebanks based on either caste or religion stand in the way of secularisation. identifies accusations of votebanking as a rhetorical tool used by Hindu nationalists in complaints about special rights or privileges granted to non-Hindus in India. Other examples include:
In 1989, the Badaga people of South India petitioned the Indian government to be recognized as an official tribe, demonstrating en masse on 15 May of that year to imply the strength of the Badaga votebank.
Remedy
Some argue that the Votebank politics can be disabled by limiting the provisions of Tenth Schedule of Indian Constitution to a few critical issues.
See also
Ethnocultural politics in the United States
Client politics
Clientelism
Constituency
Indian politics
Identity politics
Electoral system
Political campaigning
Social disintegration
Blocks of Five
Red states and blue states
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Shourie, Arun (2012). Falling over backwards: An essay on reservations and judicial populism. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers.
Syed Ali Mujtaba, ‘Monolith India’ and the vote bank, Himal South Asian, 2004
Political terminology in India
Elections in India
Identity politics in India
Muslim politics in India
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8631498
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B9
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قلاع الضبع
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قلاع الضبع هي مقبرة مدينة بلاط المصرية القديمة تقع في واحة الداخلة بمحافظة الوادي الجديد. يعود تاريخ المصاطب الخمسة (هياكل من الطوب اللبن فوق المقابر التي كانت أساس الأهرامات المصرية اللاحقة)، والتي يبلغ ارتفاع أكبرها أكثر من 10 أمتار، إلى الأسرة المصرية السادسة. تم تدمير أربعة منها، ولكن تم ترميم واحدة وهي مفتوحة للجمهور. تقع المقبرة على بعد 3.5 كم على طول الطريق، بعد عين الأصيل.
اكتشاف
اكتشف موقع قلاع الضبع عالم الآثار المصري أحمد فخري عام 1970 بواسطة المعهد الفرنسي للاثار الشرقية.
وصف
كانت المدافن غنية بالمعدات الجنائزية. استخدم الأثرياء توابيت خشبية وسيراميك، لكن تم العثور على مقابر أكثر تواضعًا في جنوب وشرق المصاطب. غالبًا ما كان يتم دفن هؤلاء الأشخاص الأكثر فقرًا في حفر بسيطة ويتم لفهم فقط في طبقات من الحصير أو الأكياس.
على جدران هذه المقابر مناظر توضح حياة المصري القديم في الزراعة واستئناسه للحيوانات، تضم المنطقة أيضًا مقابر رومانية، كما توجد بها مقبرة لأحد حكام المنطقة تتوجها مسلتان صغيرتان وسطر على بابها بالهيروغليفية المصرية أنه أقوى حكام الصحراء.
المصاطب
تم بناء المقبرة بدرجات من الطوب اللبن ومكسوة بألواح من الحجر الجيري. أعلى مصطبة يبلغ ارتفاعها 10 أمتار (32 قدمًا) وقد تم تحديد ثلاثة من المصاطب لحكام المملكة المصرية القديمة في واحة الداخلة، مما يشير إلى أهمية الداخلة في ذلك الوقت. كانت للمقابر واجهات محاكة مثل واجهات أخرى في المملكة المصرية القديمة، وقد حددت لوحة جنائزية عند المدخل هوية شاغلها.
يحتوي حقل المصطبة على العديد من المقابر الأصغر من الدولة القديمة والفترة الانتقالية الأولى. إنها قبور بيضاوية بسيطة ذات درج نازل. تم العثور على قبور أخرى محفورة في الصخر ومغطاة بالطوب اللبن ولها أسقف مقببة.
في الأصل، كانت جميع المصاطب الخمسة مغطاة بالحجر الجيري الناعم، ويعتقد أن ثلاثة منهم ينتمون إلى حكام المملكة المصرية القديمة المهمين في واحة الداخلة.
كانت المصاطب، بما في ذلك الفناء، محاطة بسور كبير من الآجر. كان للمصطبتين واجهة مقسمة إلى كوات. كان بالداخل العديد من الأضرحة وغرف الدفن مع براميل من الطوب.
في الأسرة السادسة والفترة الانتقالية الأولى، تم وضع المزيد من المقابر حول مقابر المصطبة، واستخدمت المقبرة حتى الفترة الانتقالية الثانية ومرة أخرى في العصر الروماني. بعض القبور عبارة عن قبور بسيطة. تم حفر قبور أخرى في الصخر وتعلوها سقف مقبب من الطوب اللبن. حتى أن أكبر القبور كان بها فناء به مصطبة صغيرة من الطوب اللبن. تم دفن المتوفى في توابيت خشبية أو حصير وتلقى هدايا مثل أواني الكالسيت والمرايا النحاسية والأدوات.
أقسام المصاطب
مصطبة 1 أ: مصطبة ديشيرو (قبل عهد بيبي الأول)
مصطبة 1 ب: مصطبة إيما بيبي.
مصطبة 2: مصطبة إيما بيبي الثاني (عهد بيبي الثاني)
مصطبة 3: مصطبة خينتيكا (عهد بيبي الثاني)
مصطبة 4: مصطبة خينتيكاو بيبي (الأسرة السادسة)
مصطبة 5: مصطبة ميدو نفر (عهد بيبي الأول)
تظهر مقابر المصطبة اختلافات مهمة في بنائها. النوع الأول يحتوي على بنية تحتية تحتوي على العديد من غرف الدفن لأفراد الأسرة والهياكل الفوقية المبنية على الحفريات الواسعة في الهواء الطلق. ومن الأمثلة على هذا النوع مصاطب إيما بيبي الأول (عهد بيبي الأول) وخينتيكا (عهد بيبي الثاني). أما النوع الثاني من البناء فقد احتوى على حجرة دفن واحدة وغرفة انتظار وغرف تخزين مبنية من الحجر والطوب. كان هذا هو النوع المفضل لـ إيما بيبي الثاني (عهد بيبي الثاني) وميدو نفر (عهد بيبي الثاني) وهما عمومًا هياكل أصغر.
يوجد داخل المقابر أحيانًا عدد من الغرف وغرف الانتظار وغرف الدفن ذات الأسقف المقببة البرميلية. كان أول ما تم التعرف عليه هو قبر الحاكم ميدو نفر الذي خدم في عهد بيبي الثاني والذي يحتوي على سلع جنائزية بما في ذلك المجوهرات الذهبية. في مصطبة خينتيكاو بيبي، تم العثور على أكثر من 100 وعاء فخاري في شظايا أسفل البناء الساقط في الغرف تحت الأرض.
ومن بين الحكام الآخرين الذين بنوا المصاطب في قلاع الضبع، خنتيكا، أيضًا من عهد بيبي الثاني الذي تم ترميم غرفه المطلية تحت الأرض، وإيما بيبي، التي يظهر قبرها لاحقًا تحسنًا في تقنيات البناء.
أحدث عملية إعادة بناء هي حجرة الدفن لفرد يُدعى بيتجو، والتي تحتوي على مشاهد مرسومة حية تصور المسؤول وعائلته، بالإضافة إلى جزء من سقف مطلي بالنجوم معلق أعلاه.
المراجع
آثار مصر
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13152120
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Maier
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Bob Maier
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Bob Maier
Robert Phillip Maier (September 5, 1915 – August 4, 1993) was a professional baseball player from 1937 to 1945. He played one season in Major League Baseball as a third baseman for the Detroit Tigers during their 1945 World Series championship season.
Maier was born in Dunellen, New Jersey, in 1915. He played minor league baseball from 1937 to 1944, including four years with the Salisbury Cardinals in the Eastern Shore League (1938–1941), two years with the Hagerstown Owls in the Interstate League (1942–1943), and one year with the Buffalo Bisons of the International League. In 1943, he set an Interstate League single season record with 52 doubles. The 52 doubles were also a high for all of professional baseball in 1943.
Maier played only one season in the big leagues, but he spent that season on a championship team. Maier played in 132 games for the 1945 Detroit Tigers, batting .263 in 486 at bats with 58 runs, 34 RBIs, 25 doubles, 7 triples, and 7 stolen bases. He was one of three Tigers with ten at bats in a 24-inning, 1–1 tie with the Philadelphia Athletics that season. The game remains as the longest in Detroit Tigers history.
Though he was the starting third baseman during the regular season, the starting job went to Jimmy Outlaw in the 1945 World Series, as Outlaw moved from the outfield to third base to make room for Hank Greenberg who had returned from military service late in the season. Maier appeared in Game 6 of the World Series as a pinch hitter for catcher Paul Richards. His one at bat in the World Series proved to be his last in professional baseball, and he hit a single off Chicago Cubs pitcher Claude Passeau for a lifetime batting average of 1.000 in the postseason. Maier was replaced as the Tigers starting third baseman in 1946 by future Hall of Famer George Kell. Maier died in 1993 in South Plainfield, New Jersey.
Further reading
Smith, Burge Carmon. The 1945 Detroit Tigers: Nine Old Men and One Young Left Arm Win It All. Publisher: McFarland & Company, 2010. Format: Paperback, 303 pp.
References
1915 births
1993 deaths
Hagerstown Owls players
Minor league baseball managers
Detroit Tigers players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from New Jersey
People from Dunellen, New Jersey
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12326324
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volution%20nationale
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Révolution nationale
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Révolution nationale
The Révolution nationale (National Revolution) was the official ideological program promoted by the Vichy regime (the “French State”) which had been established in July 1940 and led by Marshal Philippe Pétain. Pétain's regime was characterized by anti-parliamentarism, personality cultism, xenophobia, state-sponsored anti-Semitism, promotion of traditional values, rejection of the constitutional separation of powers, modernity, and corporatism, as well as opposition to the theory of class conflict. Despite its name, the ideological policies were reactionary rather than revolutionary as the program opposed almost every change introduced to French society by the French Revolution.
As soon as it was established, Pétain's government took measures against the “undesirables”, namely Jews, métèques (foreigners), Freemasons, and Communists. The persecution of these four groups was inspired by Charles Maurras’ concept of the "Anti-France", or "internal foreigners", which he defined as the "four confederate states of Protestants, Jews, Freemasons and foreigners". The regime also persecuted Romani people, homosexuals, and left-wing activists in general. Vichy imitated the racial policies of the Third Reich and also engaged in natalist policies aimed at reviving the "French race" (including a sports policy), although these policies never went as far as Nazi eugenics.
Ideology
The ideology of the French State (Vichy France) was an adaptation of the ideas of the French far-right (including monarchism and Charles Maurras’ integralism) by a crisis government that was a client state, born out of the defeat of France against Nazi Germany. It included:
The conflation of legislative and executive powers: the Constitutional Acts drafted by Marshal Pétain on 11 July 1940 gave to him "more powers than to Louis XIV" (according to a quote by Pétain himself, brought by his civil head of staff, H. Du Moulin de Labarthète), including that of drafting a new Constitution.
Anti-parliamentarism and rejection of the multi-party system.
Personality cultism: Marshal Pétain's portrait was omnipresent, printed on money, stamps, walls or represented in sculptures. A song to his glory, Maréchal, nous voilà !, became the unofficial national anthem. Obedience to the leader and to the hierarchy was exalted.
Corporatism, with the establishment of a Labour Charter (suppression of trade-unions replaced by corporations organized by profession, suppression of the right to strike).
Stigmatization of those seen as responsible for the military defeat, expressed in particular during the Riom Trial (1942–43): the Third Republic, in particular the Popular Front (despite the fact that Léon Blum’s left-wing government prepared France for the war by launching a new military effort), Communists, Jews, etc. The defendants of the Riom Trial included Blum, Édouard Daladier, Paul Reynaud, Georges Mandel and Maurice Gamelin.
State-sponsored anti-Semitism. Jews, national or not, were excluded from the Nation, and prohibited from working in public services. The first law on the status of Jews was promulgated on 3 October 1940. Thousands of naturalized Jews were deprived of their citizenship, while all Jews were forced to wear a yellow badge. The next day, Pétain signed another edict, this one authorizing detainment of foreign Jews in France. The Crémieux Decree of 1870 was abrogated on 7 October by Interior Minister Marcel Peyrouton, stripping Algerian Jews of their French citizenship as well. A numerus clausus drastically limited their presence at the University, among physicians, lawyers, filmmakers, bankers or small traders. Soon the list of off-limits works was greatly increased. In less than a year, more than half of the Jewish population in France was deprived of any means of subsistence. Foreign Jews first, then all Jews were at first detained in concentration camps in France, before being deported to Drancy internment camp where they were then sent to Nazi concentration camps.
“Organicism” and rejection of class conflict.
Promotion of traditional values. The Republican motto of “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité” was replaced by the populist motto of “Labour, Family, Fatherland” (Travail, Famille, Patrie).
Clericalism and promotion of traditional Catholic values. Catholic social teaching of the time, particularly the encyclical Quadragesimo anno of Pope Pius XI, was influential in the Vichy regime, which was also active in defending traditional Catholic values, eulogising national religious figures such as Joan d'Arc and restoring some privileges of the clergy that had been abolished by the 1905 law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, though the law was never fully repealed and Catholicism was not reinstated as a state religion. The Catholic Church in France welcomed these changes and expressed a certain degree of support towards the regime until 1944, although the Church was also strongly critical of some Vichy policies, such as the deportation of the Jews and institutional racism.
Rejection of cultural modernism and of intellectual and urban elites. Policy of “return to the earth”.
None of these changes were forced on France by Germany. The Vichy government instituted them voluntarily as part of the National Revolution, while Germany interfered little in internal French affairs for the first two years after the armistice as long as public order was maintained. It was suspicious of the aspects of the National Revolution that encouraged French patriotism, and banned Vichy veteran and youth groups from the Occupied Zone.
Support
The Révolution nationale particularly attracted three groups of persons. The Pétainistes gathered those who supported the personal figure of Marshal Pétain, considered at that time a war hero of the Battle of Verdun. The Collaborateurs include those who collaborated with Nazi Germany or advocated collaboration, but who are considered more moderate, or more opportunistic, than the Collaborationistes, advocates of a French fascism.
Supporters of collaboration were not necessarily supporters of the National Revolution, and vice versa. Pierre Laval was a collaborationist but was dubious about the National Revolution, while others like Maxime Weygand opposed collaboration but supported the National Revolution because they believed that reforming France would help it avenge its defeat.
Those who supported the ideology of the National Revolution rather than the person of Pétain himself could be divided, in general, into three groups: the counter-revolutionary reactionaries; the supporters of a French fascism; and the reformers who saw in the new regime in opportunity to modernize the state apparatus. The last current would include opportunists such as the journalist Jean Luchaire who saw in the new regime career opportunities.
The “Reactionaries”, in the strict sense of the word: all those who dreamt of a return to "before", either:
before 1936 and the Popular Front
before 1870 and the Third Republic or
before 1789 and the French Revolution.
These were part of the counter-revolutionary branch of the French far right, the oldest one being composed of Legitimists, monarchist members of the Action française (AF), etc. But the Vichy regime also received support from large sectors of the liberal Orleanists, in particular from its mouthpiece, Le Temps newspaper.
The supporters of a “French fascism”, who attacked Vichy and Maurras for not seeking to bring Nazism to France. They opposed specific traditionalist aspects such as clericalism or "naive scouting", but still thought the Révolution nationale prepared for a "re-birth" of French society. These formed the most stringent Collaborationists (collaborationistes, distinct from collaborateurs who are seen as more moderate or more opportunist). Those included the supporters of Marcel Déat's Rassemblement national populaire (RNP), Jacques Doriot's Parti Populaire Français (PPF), Joseph Darnand's Service d'ordre légionnaire (SOL) militia, Marcel Bucard's Mouvement Franciste (originally funded by Benito Mussolini), members of the Cagoule terrorist group, funded by Eugène Schueller (the founder of L'Oréal cosmetic group), the writers Robert Brasillach, Louis-Ferdinand Céline or Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Philippe Henriot at Radio Paris, etc.
The Reformers, who were looking for new political, social and economic policies, and formed an important group during the inter-war period. Those included the non-conformists of the 1930s, Christian-democrat personalists, neo-socialists, planistes, Young Turks of the Radical Socialist Party, technocrats (Groupe X-Crise), etc. All of these circles would also provide recruits to the Resistance. Most of them were not ideologically anti-democrats, but claimed to take advantage of the new conditions set by the Vichy regime—they also included plain opportunists willing to make a quick career. They presented various and contradictory solutions: communalism, cooperatives or corporations, "return to the earth", planned economy, technocracy rule, etc. Some examples include René Belin, Minister of Production and Labour, Lucien Romier, who also became Minister of Pétain, the civil servant Gérard Bardet, X-Crise member Pierre Pucheu, François Lehideux, Yves Bouthillier, Jacques Barnaud, or the École des cadres d'Uriage, which would form the basis after the war of the elite school École nationale d'administration (ENA).
The supporters were, however, in the minority. Although the Vichy government initially had substantial support from those who were glad that the war was over and expected that Britain would soon surrender, and Pétain remained personally popular during the war, by late autumn 1940 most French hoped for a British victory and opposed collaboration with Germany.
Evolution of the regime
From July 1940 to 1942, the Révolution nationale was strongly promoted by the traditionalist and technocratic Vichy government. When in May 1942 Pierre Laval (a former socialist and republican) returned as the head of government, the Révolution nationale was no longer promoted but fell into oblivion and collaboration was emphasized.
Eugenics
In 1941, Nobel Prize winner Alexis Carrel, who had been an early proponent of eugenics and euthanasia and was a member of Jacques Doriot's French Popular Party (PPF), went on to advocate for the creation of the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems, using connections to the Pétain cabinet (specifically, French industrial physicians André Gros and Jacques Ménétrier). Charged with the "study, under all of its aspects, of measures aimed at safeguarding, improving and developing the French population in all of its activities," the Foundation was created by decree of the Vichy regime in 1941, and Carrel appointed as “regent”.
Sport policy
Vichy's policy concerning sports found its origins in the conception of Georges Hébert (1875–1957), who denounced professional and spectacular competition, and like Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the Olympic Games was a supporter of amateurism. Vichy's sport policy followed the moral aim of "rebuilding the nation", was opposed to Léo Lagrange’s sport policy during the Popular Front, and was specifically opposed to professional sport imported from the United Kingdom. They also were used to engrain the youth in various associations and federations, as done by the Hitler Youth or Mussolini's Balilla.
On 7 August 1940, a Commissariat Général à l’Education Générale et Sportive (General Commissioner to General and Sport Education) was created. Three men in particular headed this policy:
Jean Ybarnegaray, president and founder of the French and International Federations of Basque pelota, deputy and member of François de la Rocque’s Parti Social Français (PSF). Ybarnegaray was first nominated State minister in May 1940, then State secretary from June to September 1940.
Jean Borotra, former international tennis player (member of “The Four Musketeers”) and also a PSF member, the first General Commissioner to Sports from August 1940 to April 1942.
Colonel Joseph Pascot, former rugby champion, director of sports under Borotra and then second General Commissioner to Sports from April 1942 to July 1944.
In October 1940, the two General Commissioners prohibited professionalism in two federations (tennis and wrestling), while permitting a three-year delay for four other federations (football, cycling, boxing and Basque pelota). They prohibited competitions for women in cycling or association football. Furthermore, they prohibited, or spoiled by seizing the assets of, at least four uni-sport federations (rugby league, table tennis, Jeu de paume and badminton) and one multi-sport federation (the FSGT). In April 1942, they additionally prohibited the activities of the UFOLEP and USEP multi-sport federations, also seizing their goods which were to be transferred to the “National Council of Sports”.
Quotes
“Sport well directed is morality in action” (“Le sport bien dirigé, c’est de la morale en action”), Report of E. Loisel to Jean Borotra, 15 October 1940
“I pledge on my honour to practice sports with selflessness, discipline and loyalty to improve myself and serve better my fatherland” (Sportsman's pledge — « Je promets sur l’honneur de pratiquer le sport avec désintéressement, discipline et loyauté pour devenir meilleur et mieux servir ma patrie »)
“to be strong to serve better” (IO 1941)
“Our principle is to seize the individual everywhere. At primary school, we have him. Later on he tends to escape us. We strive to catch up with him at every turn. I have arranged for this discipline of EG (General Education) to be imposed on students (...) We allow for sanctions in case of desertion.” (« Notre principe est de saisir l’individu partout. Au primaire, nous le tenons. Plus haut il tend à s’échapper. Nous nous efforçons de le rattraper à tous les tournants. J’ai obtenu que cette discipline de l’EG soit imposée aux étudiants (…). Nous prévoyons des sanctions en cas de désertion »), Colonel Joseph Pascot, speech on 27 June 1942
See also
Vichy France
Popular Front (France)
History of far right movements in France
History of France during the twentieth century
World War II and The Holocaust
References
External links
Loi et décret 1940-42
Sports et Politique
Politique sportive du gouvernement de Vichy: discours et réalité
Sport et Français pendant l'occupation
JP Azéma: Président commission "Politique du sport et éducation physique en France pendant l'occupation."
Exemples: Badminton, Tennis de table, Jeu de paume Interdits
Vichy et le football
Vichy France
Philippe Pétain
Far-right politics in France
Fascist movements
Reactionary
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فاليري مارتن
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فاليري مارتن (14 مارس 1948 في سيداليا - ) روائية، وكاتِبة من الولايات المتحدة.
الجوائز
زمالة غوغنهايم
روابط خارجية
المراجع
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة ألاباما
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة ماساتشوستس في أمهرست
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة نيو أورلينز
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة نيومكسيكو
أعضاء هيئة تدريس كلية ماونت هوليوك
أكاديميات أمريكيات
خريجو جامعة ماساتشوستس في أمهرست
خريجو جامعة نيو أورلينز
روائيات أمريكيات
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 20
روائيون أمريكيون في القرن 21
روائيون من لويزيانا
روائيون من ماساتشوستس
روائيون من ميزوري
روائيون من ولاية نيويورك
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 20
كاتبات أمريكيات في القرن 21
أعضاء هيئة تدريس كلية سارة لورانس
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الصحافة البناءة
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الصحافة البناءة هي مجال ناشئ داخل الصحافة ترتكز ببطء داخل الأوساط الأكاديمية. وتشمل مجال الاتصال الذي يعتمد على الإبلاغ عن الأخبار التي تركز على الحلول، بدلًا من أن تدور فقط حول القصص السلبية والقائمة على الصراع. الفكرة وراء الصحافة البناءة هي إعطاء القصص المزيد من السياق وجعل مستهلك الأخبار أكثر ذكاء. من خلال إعطاء المزيد من الخلفية، وأيضًا الإبلاغ عما يسير على ما يرام، بحيث يكون الناس أكثر قدرة على خلق رؤية واقعية للعالم. بدلًا من الإبلاغ عن القضايا فقط، في الصحافة البناءة يتناول الصحفي أيضًا ما يمكن للمستهلك فعله بالمعلومات، مثل كيفية اتخاذ إجراء بشأن قضية ما. لا يعكس الصحفي رأيه، ولا يقدم أو ينفذ ما هي هذه الحلول، ولكنه يحاول إبلاغ المجتمع بالحلول التي قد تكون موجودة. يقول رواد الصحافة البناءة: «بصفتك صحفيًا، لديك تأثير كبير على الطريقة التي يفكر بها الناس، بسبب الطريقة التي تبني بها الأخبار». يحتاج الصحفيون إلى أن يكونوا أكثر وعيًا بهذه المسؤولية؛ من خلال توخي المزيد من الحذر في الطريقة التي يبنون بها قصصهم. يُعتقد أن العديد من الصحفيين الذين يستخدمون طريقة ساخرة للغاية في نقل الأخبار، ينسون أنه من خلال الإبلاغ عن كل ما يحدث بشكل خاطئ من مسافة بعيدة، فإنهم يحركون المجتمع أيضًا. يكمن الهدف في تجنب التحيز السلبي ويتضمن نتائج من أبحاث علم النفس الإيجابي لإنتاج أطر جديدة للصحافة. لذلك، بدلًا من الاكتفاء بتغطية الصراعات والمشاكل، تهدف الصحافة البناءة إلى الحصول على صورة أكثر شمولًا للقضايا المطروحة. ويهدف إلى الكشف عن الأسباب الأساسية للمشاكل، ولكن أيضًا إلى الإبلاغ عن الأفكار والتطورات الناشئة لتحويل المجتمع نحو مسارات أكثر حيادية واستدامة. تهدف الصحافة البناءة إلى التعبير عن كيفية إمكانية التغيير وتسلط الضوء على الدور الذي يمكن أن يلعبه كل فرد في المجتمع لتعزيزه. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تسعى جاهدة لتعزيز مدونة أخلاقيات الصحافة من خلال تجنب تشويه المعلومات من أجل تقديم صورة أكثر واقعية للعالم. تحاول الصحافة البناءة خلق سرد جذاب صحيح من الناحية الواقعية دون المبالغة في الأرقام أو الحقائق. تمت أول أطروحة دكتوراه في العالم حول الصحافة البناءة في كلية الصحافة والاتصال الجماهيري في جامعة نورث كارولينا، تشابل هيل، في عام 2015، من قبل كارين ماكنتاير.
التطبيقات
وفقًا للصحفية الدنماركية كاثرين جيلدنستيد، يمكن اعتماد الأنواع الأربعة من الاستجواب العلاجي لمعالج أنظمة الأسرة الكندي كارل توم في نهج مقابلة يمكن استخدامه أيضًا من قبل الصحفيين. يوفر إطار عمل توم الأصلي أربعة أنواع من الأسئلة التي يمكن للمعالج استخدامها في جلسات العلاج النفسي لتحقيق نتائج علاجية إيجابية من العملاء. باستخدام النموذج نفسه في الصحافة، يمكن الحصول على إجابات بناءة مماثلة من الشخص الذي جرت مقابلته.
فيما أسماه «المقابلات البينية» المصممة لتسهيل التغييرات الإيجابية في ديناميكيات الأسرة، يقسم توم الأسئلة إلى أربعة أنواع بناء على بعدين متقاطعين يشكلان أربعة أرباع. يميز البعد الأول للقصد بين «توجيه الأسئلة» التي تساعد المحاورين «المعالجين» على توجيه وجهات نظرهم حول الأشخاص الذين أجريت معهم المقابلات «العملاء» و«الأسئلة المؤثرة» التي تتحدى فهم الأشخاص الذين أجريت معهم المقابلات. عند استخدامه خارج العلاج النفسي، كما هو الحال في الصحافة. يجري تفسير هذا البعد من القصدية أيضًا على أنه الانقسام الزمني بين التوجه الماضي والتوجه المستقبلي. البعد الثاني للخطي مقابل الدائري. الافتراضات الدائرية، التي تستند نظريًا إلى أعمال غريغوري بيتسون حول طبيعة العقل، تميز بين الافتراضات الخطية التي تتخذ نهجًا اختزاليًا حتميًا والافتراضات الدائرية التي تتخذ نهجًا شاملًا ومنهجيًا. الأنواع الأربعة الناتجة عن الأسئلة هي:
1. الأسئلة الخطية «المحقق»: أسئلة التحقيق الأساسية التي تتعامل مع «من فعل ماذا؟، أين؟، متى؟، ولماذا؟». يساعد هذا النوع من الأسئلة في اكتشاف الجانب الواقعي للمشكلة أو القضية.
2. الأسئلة الدائرية «عالم الأنثروبولوجيا»: يكتشف هذا النوع من الأسئلة المنظور السياقي ذي الصلة وراء الحقائق. أمثلة: «كيف أثر هذا عليك أو أشياء أخرى/ أشخاص/ إلخ ؟» و «ما هو تفسيرك لـ إيه أو بي؟».
3. الأسئلة الانعكاسية «عالم المستقبل»: في الأسئلة التأملية، يقترح القائم بإجراء المقابلة منظورًا جديدًا حول موضوع معين، ما يدفع الشخص الذي أجريت معه المقابلة إلى التفكير في إمكانية جديدة لإيجاد حلول بناءة للمشكلة أو القضية. أمثلة: «ما الذي تعتقد أن إيه يؤمن به، عندما يكون في هذا الموقف؟، «كيف ستتعامل مع هذه المشكلة؟»، و ما هو الإجراء الذي يجب اتخاذه من أجل القيام بـ إيه أو بي».
4. الأسئلة الاستراتيجية «الكابتن»: يوجه الشخص الذي أجريت معه المقابلة إلى الالتزام بالحل. أمثلة: «ما الذي يجب القيام به؟» و«هل ستفعل ذلك؟» و«متى ستفعل ذلك؟»
ويفيد جيلدنستيد بأن الصحفيين التقليديين يميلون إلى أن يكونوا موجهين نحو الماضي، وبالتالي يستبعدون الأسئلة الموجهة نحو المستقبل، وخاصة «عالم المستقبل». على سبيل المثال، في مؤتمر صحفي استمر أربع ساعات مع رئيس وزراء دنماركي سابق، طرحت الصحافة 59٪ من «المحقق»، و 19.٪ «الكابتن»، و18.7٪ «عالم الأنثروبولوجيا»، و 3٪ فقط من «عالم المستقبل» من الأسئلة من أصل ما مجموعه أكثر من 130 سؤالًا. وكتبت: «نتيجة لذلك، يفوت الصحفيين طرح الأسئلة التي تستكشف وجهات نظر وحلول ورؤى جديدة، وإثارة الإجراءات للبناء على تلك المنظورات. تتطلب المقابلة المثالية والبناءة توازنًا بين جميع أنواع الأسئلة الأربعة، لأن المقابلة التي تحتوي على جميع الأدوار الأربعة للاستجواب تكشف عن المشكلة والأطراف المعنية «المحقق»، وتوفر التفكير فيما حدث «عالم الأنثروبولوجيا»، وتشير إلى حل أو ترسم رؤية أكبر «عالم المستقبل»، وتلزم صناع القرار «الكابتن». هذه الأنواع الأربعة من الأسئلة، التي ترتكز على العلاج الأسري، فعالة بشكل خاص في الصحافة السياسية، لأن المحاور يمكن أن تشجع «الوساطة في المناقشات السياسية» وبالتالي تسهل التعاون البناء بين السياسيين.
مراجع
صحافة
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20George%20Needham
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James George Needham
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James George Needham (March 16, 1868 in Virginia, Illinois – July 24, 1957) was an American entomologist.
After studying with John Henry Comstock at Cornell University (1896–1898) he taught biology at Lake Forest University (1898–1907). In 1908 returned to Cornell as assistant professor of limnology. When Comstock retired in 1914, Needham became head of the Department of Entomology at Cornell until his retirement in 1935. Needham published numerous scientific articles, educational papers, and textbooks but is best known for the Comstock–Needham system for describing insect wing venation.
He was a Member of the Entomological Society of America, the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Limnological Society of America.
See also
Jay Traver
:Category:Taxa named by James George Needham
References
Literature
Needham, J. G. (James George)., Heywood, H. Butler. (1929). A handbook of the dragonflies of North America. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. Thomas.
1868 births
1957 deaths
American entomologists
People from Virginia, Illinois
Cornell University alumni
Lake Forest College faculty
Cornell University faculty
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حزب الوسط الفنلندي
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حزب الوسط الفنلندي هو حزب سياسي وسطي فنلندي. وهو أحد أكبر ثلاثة أحزاب في البلاد بجانب الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي وحزب الائتلاف الوطني. يبلغ عدد مقاعده 51 من 200 معقد برلماني في عام 2007. رئيسه ماتي فانهانن هو رئيس برلمان فنلندا الحالي.
مراجع
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1906
أحزاب ليبرالية اجتماعية
أحزاب ليبرالية في فنلندا
أحزاب ليبرالية محافظة
أحزاب محافظة ليبرالية
أحزاب ممثلة في البرلمان الأوروبي
أحزاب وسطية
أحزاب وسطية في فنلندا
تأسيسات سنة 1906 في فنلندا
ليبرال إنترناشيونال
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Clancy%20%28journalist%29
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Jim Clancy (journalist)
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Jim Clancy (journalist)
Jim Clancy is an American broadcast journalist, best known as a former correspondent and anchor on CNN International. He formerly anchored several CNN news reports, including The World Today and The Brief, before his resignation following a series of controversial exchanges with other users on Twitter.
Career
From 1982 to 1996, Clancy was a CNN international correspondent in the Beirut, Frankfurt, Rome and London bureaus. During this time, he won the George Polk Award for his reporting on the genocide in Rwanda, the DuPont-Columbia Award for coverage of the war in Bosnia, an Emmy Award for reporting on the famine and international intervention in Somalia and the A.H. Boerma Award for his coverage of global food and hunger issues. Clancy joined CNN in 1981 as a national correspondent after an extensive career in local radio and television in Denver, Colorado and San Francisco, California.
In 2012, Clancy contributed to CNN'S Emmy Award-winning coverage of the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. The Emmy for "Outstanding Live Coverage of a Current News Story" was one of two awards CNN received in 2012.
In January 2015, Clancy made a series of tweets about Israel and the Charlie Hebdo shooting. On January 16, 2015, CNN announced Clancy had retired from the network after nearly 34 years. Clancy later said he had no regrets and criticized Twitter trolls saying "I don't have to put up with this."
References
Living people
American television news anchors
CNN people
News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
George Polk Award recipients
Year of birth missing (living people)
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2668313
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85
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كلهايم
|
كلهايم هي بلدة ألمانية تقع في ألمانيا في منطقة كلهايم. يقدر عدد سكانها بـ 15,656 نسمة .
المدن التوأمة
مدن Ambarès-et-Lagrave و Soave هي مدن توأمة لـكلهايم.
أعلام
كلاوس جاغر
توماس باولوس
دومينيك شميدت
ستيفان إبن
أوتو الأول دوق بافاريا
انظر أيضاً
قائمة مدن ألمانيا
مراجع
أماكن مأهولة على ضفاف الدانوب
بلدات بافاريا
منطقة كلهايم
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