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<|image_1|> What is in the motorcyclist's mouth?
A-OKVQA/image_0.jpg
[ "cigarette", "1000", "eleven", "i do", "malaysia", "trophy", "tea lights", "bicycle", "eight", "cellular", "grocery store", "knife", "moving", "love us", "to transport", "fence", "union jack", "plate number", "airplane", "bag", "face", "san francisco", "phone", "train t...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> Which number birthday is probably being celebrated?
A-OKVQA/image_1.jpg
[ "thirty", "american", "gas", "mobile phone", "banana split", "stripes", "eating", "game", "grey", "victorian", "eating leaves", "laughing", "wine", "chariot racing", "sink", "passenger loading", "repelling rain", "eye protection", "sarong", "plowing", "to transport", "proud...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What best describes the pool of water?
A-OKVQA/image_2.jpg
[ "dirty", "banana", "crust", "wine tasting", "rice", "crouch", "business", "horse", "fun", "car wash", "14", "teapot", "fish", "rain", "purse", "bedroom", "two", "oven", "grassy", "afternoon", "date", "daytime", "sauce", "crowded", "fence", "on beach", "eat", "sa...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What is the white substance on top of the cupcakes?
A-OKVQA/image_3.jpg
[ "icing", "powdered sugar", "pizza shop", "children", "parking", "mexican", "boarding", "electric", "fall season", "frosting", "dipping", "exercise", "warmth", "smoke", "domestic pet", "desk", "air", "traffic light", "bug shield", "academic", "roasted", "warm", "shoes", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What type of device is sitting next to the laptop?
A-OKVQA/image_4.jpg
[ "mobile phone", "sailing vessel", "statues", "left hand", "eat food", "hats", "man", "new york", "awaiting greenlight", "commercial kitchen", "coffee maker", "computer", "captivity", "donald duck", "snow", "grazing", "eat left-handed", "three", "asian", "college", "family", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> The thing on the animal to the left's head is similar to what is on the head of what else?
A-OKVQA/image_5.jpg
[ "devil", "plum", "bunt", "scratching", "thriller fiction", "plate", "robot", "clean", "soda", "scrambled", "wire ties", "port", "vegetarians", "apple", "peel it", "exhibition", "kitchen", "gymnasium", "post-its", "orange slices", "fun", "righthanded", "fashion", "crowde...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What is the appliance the woman is holding used for?
A-OKVQA/image_6.jpg
[ "drying hair", "fun", "art show", "glasses", "picture taking", "magnetic force", "trophy", "bartender", "bathroom", "meeting", "yogurt", "formal", "giraffe", "mustang", "motorcycle", "plate", "show performance", "bagel", "helium", "terminal", "string", "lake", "sugar", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What is the descriptive word for this surface?
A-OKVQA/image_7.jpg
[ "crowded", "building", "skateboard", "pedestrians", "phone", "kite", "face", "ring toss", "fighter jets", "jumping", "cross", "june", "peel it", "captivity", "playing baseball", "protect it", "both", "france", "legos", "desserts", "position", "falling", "striped", "top"...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What is the person on the left doing with their body?
A-OKVQA/image_8.jpg
[ "crouching", "gaming", "underground", "red", "olive oil", "plate number", "australia", "cellular", "donald duck", "hole", "dinner", "drink water", "basement", "pitcher", "pastry", "chanel", "zero", "eat left-handed", "pottery", "relax", "1369", "draughts", "hot peppers", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What type of pants is the man on the right wearing?
A-OKVQA/image_9.jpg
[ "denim", "peeler", "market", "polka dots", "visibility", "imac", "surfboard", "bartender", "wood", "legos", "plum", "grey", "snowman", "art show", "getting married", "camera", "restaurant", "left", "cream", "ceiling", "cheese", "spiderman", "pharmacy", "laptop screen", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What country do these planes belong to?
A-OKVQA/image_10.jpg
[ "united states", "skyline", "seattle", "apple", "stop", "bakery", "broccoli", "fruit salad", "fruit", "bike lane", "volkswagen", "selling pizzas", "crosswalk", "gift", "analog", "dirt bikes", "salami", "knife", "raining", "coats", "cross", "sailboat", "brown", "cologne ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What interests the child most here?
A-OKVQA/image_11.jpg
[ "candle", "fun", "chef", "eat them", "train", "wimbledon", "it's raining", "imac", "tape", "cool", "home", "educational", "roasted", "isuzu", "nintendo wii", "mexican", "acquisition", "eat", "shirt", "salad", "dipping", "cologne germany", "screen", "bottom-right", "te...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What kind of fruit is cut in half and darker than the other?
A-OKVQA/image_12.jpg
[ "grapes", "cross", "trio", "herd sheep", "sleep", "glass", "was", "remote control", "albatross", "seattle", "academic", "fire hydrants", "safety", "commercial kitchen", "farm", "baseball cap", "ax", "to ride", "hot peppers", "game", "restroom", "to travel", "mobile", "k...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What item on the desk could help with a cold?
A-OKVQA/image_13.jpg
[ "cough drops", "yellow", "face", "drying hair", "broccoli", "wild", "kitchen", "flip", "class", "flats", "canadian geese", "art show", "mushrooms", "lighting", "plant", "domestic kitchen", "zebra", "produce", "us", "ski resort", "compact fluorescent", "cricket", "grip", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What flag is represented on the wall?
A-OKVQA/image_14.jpg
[ "american", "weight", "wax", "summer", "return serve", "warm", "feline", "motorcycle dealer", "6 feet", "conference room", "apple", "snowman", "selling pizzas", "academic", "red couch", "curiosity", "carrot", "skyline", "barn", "doorway", "aquatic", "afternoon", "denim", ...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
<|image_1|> What is located on the shelves?
A-OKVQA/image_15.jpg
[ "books", "dunkin coffee", "sailing vessel", "post-its", "omaha", "roman", "scratching", "cricket", "cheese", "blind", "athlete", "family", "race", "crouching", "camera", "sweet", "cool", "milkshake", "vest", "clean", "bear", "hot dog", "four", "porcelain", "snow", "...
[ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ...
Represent the given image with the following question
Represent the answer
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Massive Multimodal Embedding Benchmark

We compile a large set of evaluation tasks to understand the capabilities of multimodal embedding models. This benchmark covers 4 meta tasks and 36 datasets meticulously selected for evaluation.

The dataset is published in our paper VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Tasks.

Dataset Usage

For each dataset, we have 1000 examples for evaluation. Each example contains a query and a set of targets. Both the query and target could be any combination of image and text. The first one in the candidate list is the groundtruth target.

Statistics

We show the statistics of all the datasets as follows: abs

Per-dataset Results

We list the performance of different embedding models in the following: abs

Submission

We will set a formal leaderboard soon. If you want to add your results to the leaderboard, please send email to us at ziyanjiang528@gmail.com.

Cite Us

@article{jiang2024vlm2vec,
  title={VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Tasks},
  author={Jiang, Ziyan and Meng, Rui and Yang, Xinyi and Yavuz, Semih and Zhou, Yingbo and Chen, Wenhu},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.05160},
  year={2024}
}
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Paper for Y-J-Ju/MMEB-eval