Datasets:

electricsheepafrica
/

cross-border-medicine-trafficking

id int64	border_control_level string	medicine_category string	regulatory_class string	origin_country string	transit_country string	destination_country string	border_type string	sf_classification string	quantity_units int64	estimated_value_usd int64	detected int64	detection_method string	organized_crime_suspected int64	repeat_offender int64	concealment_method string	interagency_operation int64	customs_involved int64	police_involved int64	NRA_involved int64	interpol_alert int64	product_destroyed int64	public_health_risk string	year int64
1	limited	vaccine_falsified	biological	China	none_direct	Ethiopia	land_border_official	diverted	3,611	10,263	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
2	limited	antibiotic	essential	Nigeria	Nigeria	other_SSA	airport	diverted	1,073	65,046	0	not_detected	0	1	hidden_compartment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
3	limited	oncology	specialty	unknown	Ghana	Kenya	seaport	falsified	2,512	5,473	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
4	limited	traditional_herbal	unregulated	China	Tanzania	Ethiopia	land_border_official	falsified	3,298	21,221	0	not_detected	0	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,021
5	limited	cough_syrup_codeine	controlled	Pakistan	Togo	other_SSA	airport	substandard	8,663	38,863	1	X_ray_scanner	1	0	none_open	0	1	1	0	0	0	high	2,022
6	limited	traditional_herbal	unregulated	India	Nigeria	Nigeria	free_trade_zone	substandard	1,474	15,226	0	not_detected	0	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
7	limited	antimalarial	essential	India	none_direct	other_SSA	free_trade_zone	falsified	20,927	9,781	0	not_detected	0	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,021
8	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	Nigeria	Kenya	other_SSA	postal_parcel	unregistered	4,226	15,398	0	not_detected	0	1	hidden_compartment	1	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
9	limited	antimalarial	essential	India	Togo	DRC	courier_express	substandard	378	32,144	1	document_review	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	1	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
10	limited	antimalarial	essential	unknown	none_direct	Nigeria	airport	falsified	1,437	14,062	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
11	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	unknown	none_direct	Tanzania	courier_express	falsified	2,356	14,283	0	not_detected	1	1	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,024
12	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	unknown	DRC	Tanzania	postal_parcel	unregistered	15,668	25,092	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,021
13	limited	antibiotic	essential	Ghana	none_direct	DRC	land_border_unofficial	diverted	1,649	14,908	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
14	limited	cough_syrup_codeine	controlled	Ghana	Kenya	other_SSA	free_trade_zone	unregistered	3,121	8,390	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,020
15	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	Kenya	Nigeria	Nigeria	seaport	diverted	49,774	5,387	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,024
16	limited	antibiotic	essential	Nigeria	Togo	other_SSA	airport	substandard	800	13,395	0	not_detected	0	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,021
17	limited	antimalarial	essential	Ghana	Kenya	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	falsified	9,566	25,273	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,020
18	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	South_Africa	Ghana	Tanzania	seaport	diverted	1,009	21,929	0	not_detected	1	1	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,022
19	limited	psychotropic	controlled	India	none_direct	Nigeria	courier_express	falsified	11,981	25,877	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
20	limited	psychotropic	controlled	unknown	Cameroon	Kenya	airport	falsified	1,706	1,822	0	not_detected	1	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
21	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	unknown	none_direct	Mozambique	land_border_unofficial	substandard	40,778	25,402	0	not_detected	0	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
22	limited	contraceptive	reproductive	India	Togo	Nigeria	free_trade_zone	falsified	282	13,841	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
23	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	India	Togo	DRC	airport	substandard	95	21,612	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,021
24	limited	antimalarial	essential	Kenya	Cameroon	other_SSA	free_trade_zone	falsified	4,227	19,872	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
25	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	South_Africa	DRC	other_SSA	postal_parcel	substandard	3,032	73,906	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
26	limited	cough_syrup_codeine	controlled	India	Cameroon	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	substandard	905	25,421	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
27	limited	antimalarial	essential	unknown	Benin	Ethiopia	land_border_official	diverted	6,601	6,439	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,020
28	limited	antimalarial	essential	Ghana	none_direct	DRC	postal_parcel	falsified	9,174	10,656	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
29	limited	oncology	specialty	Kenya	none_direct	DRC	postal_parcel	falsified	1,742	39,344	0	not_detected	0	1	mislabelled_cargo	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,024
30	limited	antibiotic	essential	India	Kenya	other_SSA	seaport	diverted	2,244	22,252	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
31	limited	antimalarial	essential	Nigeria	Cameroon	Uganda	land_border_official	falsified	3,790	54,572	0	not_detected	0	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
32	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	India	Cameroon	Uganda	land_border_unofficial	substandard	5,021	9,203	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
33	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	Nigeria	Senegal	other_SSA	courier_express	substandard	2,308	5,886	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,020
34	limited	antibiotic	essential	China	Kenya	Tanzania	postal_parcel	falsified	150	2,494	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,024
35	limited	vaccine_falsified	biological	China	Benin	Angola	land_border_unofficial	unregistered	2,619	38,745	0	not_detected	1	1	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
36	limited	insulin_diverted	essential	India	Cameroon	Kenya	land_border_official	diverted	4,391	98,072	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
37	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	Pakistan	Nigeria	DRC	postal_parcel	unregistered	2,278	11,067	0	not_detected	1	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,023
38	limited	oncology	specialty	unknown	DRC	other_SSA	airport	diverted	460	5,162	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,020
39	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	China	Ghana	Cameroon	land_border_official	falsified	773	18,837	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
40	limited	vaccine_falsified	biological	unknown	Nigeria	Angola	seaport	substandard	4,243	103,688	0	not_detected	1	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,020
41	limited	vaccine_falsified	biological	Pakistan	none_direct	Uganda	courier_express	substandard	1,253	69,226	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,020
42	limited	antimalarial	essential	Kenya	Benin	other_SSA	postal_parcel	unregistered	8,696	20,045	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,020
43	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	unknown	Benin	DRC	postal_parcel	falsified	136,487	9,223	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	1	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,022
44	limited	anti_TB	essential	unknown	none_direct	Tanzania	seaport	falsified	7,501	1,879	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,021
45	limited	antimalarial	essential	Pakistan	Togo	Kenya	seaport	diverted	2,903	5,079	0	not_detected	0	1	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
46	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	Kenya	Tanzania	DRC	land_border_unofficial	falsified	106,287	24,835	0	not_detected	0	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
47	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	UAE	Kenya	Cameroon	land_border_official	unregistered	1,576	21,866	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,020
48	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	Nigeria	Ghana	Nigeria	land_border_official	falsified	14,382	4,650	0	not_detected	1	0	hidden_compartment	1	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,024
49	limited	antimalarial	essential	Nigeria	DRC	Kenya	seaport	diverted	643	13,364	0	not_detected	1	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
50	limited	antimalarial	essential	Pakistan	Benin	DRC	land_border_official	falsified	4,524	18,134	0	not_detected	1	1	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,023
51	limited	traditional_herbal	unregulated	India	none_direct	Cameroon	land_border_unofficial	diverted	780	15,207	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
52	limited	vaccine_falsified	biological	Ghana	Kenya	Uganda	land_border_unofficial	falsified	4,970	1,764	1	physical_inspection	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	1	0	1	high	2,024
53	limited	antimalarial	essential	India	none_direct	Cameroon	land_border_official	diverted	3,185	11,758	0	not_detected	1	1	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
54	limited	antimalarial	essential	Ghana	Tanzania	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	unregistered	586	22,682	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
55	limited	antimalarial	essential	UAE	DRC	Kenya	land_border_official	diverted	1,631	20,105	0	not_detected	0	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,021
56	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	Turkey	none_direct	Kenya	seaport	unregistered	54	24,123	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,021
57	limited	oncology	specialty	India	none_direct	Kenya	free_trade_zone	diverted	3,628	23,257	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,021
58	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	China	Kenya	DRC	free_trade_zone	falsified	8,101	4,616	0	not_detected	0	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
59	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	China	Nigeria	Mozambique	courier_express	unregistered	174	1,430	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,024
60	limited	veterinary_diverted	veterinary	India	Kenya	Tanzania	airport	falsified	231	5,520	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
61	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	China	Cameroon	other_SSA	postal_parcel	falsified	1,172	177,755	0	not_detected	1	1	none_open	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,022
62	limited	antibiotic	essential	South_Africa	none_direct	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	substandard	23,043	1,570	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,023
63	limited	psychotropic	controlled	China	Kenya	Nigeria	courier_express	substandard	35,280	21,749	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
64	limited	weight_loss	lifestyle	Pakistan	Cameroon	Mozambique	land_border_unofficial	diverted	5,293	188	0	not_detected	1	0	personal_luggage	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
65	limited	weight_loss	lifestyle	Turkey	Senegal	DRC	courier_express	substandard	2,528	14,372	0	not_detected	1	1	hidden_compartment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
66	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	unknown	Ghana	Angola	seaport	unregistered	355	25,549	0	not_detected	1	1	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,022
67	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	Turkey	none_direct	Mozambique	free_trade_zone	falsified	27,416	129,191	0	not_detected	0	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,022
68	limited	weight_loss	lifestyle	China	Cameroon	Uganda	land_border_official	falsified	8,144	9,566	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,021
69	limited	cough_syrup_codeine	controlled	India	Tanzania	Nigeria	land_border_unofficial	unregistered	4,788	24,528	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
70	limited	insulin_diverted	essential	China	Benin	Nigeria	seaport	diverted	13,084	7,680	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
71	limited	antibiotic	essential	unknown	none_direct	other_SSA	courier_express	unregistered	2,194	17,109	0	not_detected	0	1	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
72	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	India	none_direct	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	falsified	597	25,895	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,021
73	limited	antibiotic	essential	China	Togo	other_SSA	courier_express	falsified	2,375	25,208	0	not_detected	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,022
74	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	Nigeria	Benin	Ethiopia	courier_express	diverted	2,695	99,790	0	not_detected	0	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
75	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	UAE	none_direct	other_SSA	seaport	falsified	27,752	10,826	0	not_detected	0	1	none_open	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
76	limited	antimalarial	essential	India	Nigeria	Uganda	postal_parcel	falsified	1,987	125,670	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,020
77	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	Turkey	Tanzania	other_SSA	seaport	diverted	39,269	927	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,021
78	limited	traditional_herbal	unregulated	China	none_direct	Nigeria	free_trade_zone	substandard	3,518	15,024	0	not_detected	0	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
79	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	Nigeria	none_direct	Angola	land_border_official	falsified	531	1,519	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,022
80	limited	psychotropic	controlled	China	Togo	Ethiopia	land_border_official	falsified	378	10,263	0	not_detected	1	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,020
81	limited	antibiotic	essential	Ghana	Kenya	Ethiopia	land_border_unofficial	falsified	410	8,369	0	not_detected	1	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,022
82	limited	antibiotic	essential	Ghana	Kenya	other_SSA	courier_express	falsified	377	1,707	0	not_detected	1	0	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
83	limited	antimalarial	essential	China	Ghana	other_SSA	airport	diverted	1,307	3,899	0	not_detected	0	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,021
84	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	India	Nigeria	other_SSA	airport	falsified	1,344	52,556	0	not_detected	0	0	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,023
85	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	Kenya	DRC	Tanzania	land_border_unofficial	falsified	40,516	8,409	0	not_detected	0	1	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,024
86	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	Ghana	Benin	Nigeria	courier_express	falsified	5,216	7,097	1	physical_inspection	0	0	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	1	0	critical	2,022
87	limited	ARV_HIV	essential	China	Kenya	other_SSA	seaport	substandard	10,595	2,264	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,024
88	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	Nigeria	none_direct	Cameroon	seaport	falsified	1,769	3,640	0	not_detected	0	1	personal_luggage	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,023
89	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	South_Africa	Kenya	Ethiopia	land_border_unofficial	unregistered	4,201	47,894	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,024
90	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	unknown	none_direct	Nigeria	free_trade_zone	diverted	2,163	5,758	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,024
91	limited	analgesic_opioid	controlled	unknown	Nigeria	other_SSA	postal_parcel	falsified	8,802	148,947	0	not_detected	0	0	mislabelled_cargo	0	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,020
92	limited	veterinary_diverted	veterinary	China	Kenya	Tanzania	courier_express	falsified	19,311	47,444	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	1	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,023
93	limited	psychotropic	controlled	unknown	none_direct	Angola	seaport	substandard	2,328	1,832	0	not_detected	1	1	postal_package	0	0	0	0	0	0	critical	2,023
94	limited	antimalarial	essential	India	Kenya	other_SSA	land_border_unofficial	substandard	7,067	2,762	0	not_detected	1	1	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
95	limited	psychotropic	controlled	Ghana	Kenya	other_SSA	airport	diverted	19,759	77,442	0	not_detected	1	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,023
96	limited	antibiotic	essential	China	Benin	Ethiopia	seaport	falsified	7,958	36,695	0	not_detected	1	1	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,022
97	limited	insulin_diverted	essential	Pakistan	Cameroon	Uganda	land_border_official	substandard	25,798	12,619	0	not_detected	0	0	none_open	0	0	0	0	0	0	low	2,024
98	limited	weight_loss	lifestyle	UAE	Cameroon	Ethiopia	postal_parcel	unregistered	43,389	23,030	0	not_detected	0	0	hidden_compartment	0	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024
99	limited	erectile_dysfunction	lifestyle	India	Senegal	Nigeria	land_border_unofficial	unregistered	100	11,930	0	not_detected	1	0	commercial_shipment	1	0	0	0	0	0	moderate	2,023
100	limited	skin_lightening	cosmetic	UAE	Benin	DRC	land_border_unofficial	substandard	4,878	18,588	0	not_detected	1	0	postal_package	1	0	0	0	0	0	high	2,024

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Cross-Border Medicine Trafficking Dataset

Abstract

30,000 simulated cross-border medicine trafficking events (10,000 per scenario) across three border control levels. Variables include medicine category, origin/transit/destination countries, border type, SF classification, detection method, organized crime links, concealment, prosecution, and public health risk. Three scenarios: controlled border (15% detection, 4% prosecution), porous border (5% detection, 0.3%), conflict zone (1% detection, 0%).

This dataset is entirely simulated. It must not be used for law enforcement or intelligence decisions.

Validation

Validation Report

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/cross-border-medicine-trafficking", "porous_border_limited_capacity")
df = dataset["train"].to_pandas()
print(df.groupby('border_type')['detected'].mean())

References

WHO (2024). SF medicines and weak border controls.
Interpol (2023). Operations Pangea & Storm.
WCO. Illicit pharmaceutical trade.
UNODC (2022). Pharmaceutical crime as organized crime.
African Union. AfCFTA and pharmaceutical quality controls.

Citation

@dataset{esa_trafficking_2025,
  title   = {Cross-Border Medicine Trafficking Dataset},
  author  = {{Electric Sheep Africa}},
  year    = {2025},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url     = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/cross-border-medicine-trafficking}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0

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