MIEB
Collection
MIEB(Multilingual) is a comprehensive image embeddings benchmark, spanning 10 task types, covering 130 tasks and a total of 39 languages.
In ad... • 102 items • Updated • 1
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6:1 | text | Giant panda. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), also known as the panda bear (or simply the panda), is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Tho... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:2 | text | Giant panda. they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.The giant panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan, and also in neighbouring Shaanxi and Gansu. As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the gi... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:3 | text | Giant panda. zoos in 13 countries. Wild population estimates vary; one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals living in the wild, while a 2006 study via DNA analysis estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that the number of giant pandas in the wild is on the... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:4 | text | Giant panda. panda as vulnerable.The giant panda has often served as China's national symbol, appeared on Chinese Gold Panda coins since 1982 and as one of the five Fuwa mascots of the 2008 Summer Olympics.## Taxonomy.## Classification.For many decades, the precise taxonomic classification of the giant panda was under ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:5 | text | Giant panda. extant bear species. The giant panda has been referred to as a living fossil.## Etymology.The word "panda" was borrowed into English from French, but no conclusive explanation of the origin of the French word "panda" has been found. The closest candidate is the Nepali word "ponya," possibly referring to th... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:6 | text | Giant panda. the names. Even in 2013, the "Encyclopædia Britannica" still used "giant panda" or "panda bear" for the bear, and simply "panda" for the red panda, despite the popular usage of the word "panda" to refer to giant pandas.Since the earliest collection of Chinese writings, the Chinese language has given the be... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:7 | text | Giant panda. originally used to describe the red panda ("Ailurus fulgens"), but since the giant panda was thought to be closely related to the red panda, "dàxióngmāo" () was named relatively.In Taiwan, another popular name for panda is the inverted "dàmāoxióng" ( "giant cat bear"), though many encyclopediae and diction... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:8 | text | Giant panda. until 1988, when a private zoo in Tainan painted a sun bear black and white and created the Tainan fake panda incident.## Subspecies.Two subspecies of giant panda have been recognized on the basis of distinct cranial measurements, colour patterns, and population genetics. The nominate subspecies, "A. m. me... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:9 | text | Giant panda. Sichuan giant pandas is replaced with a light brown and white pattern. The skull of "A. m. qinlingensis" is smaller than its relatives, and it has larger molars.A detailed study of the giant panda's genetic history from 2012 confirms that the separation of the Qinlin population occurred about 300,000 years... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:10 | text | Giant panda. Males can weigh up to 160 (kg). Females (generally 10–20% smaller than males) can weigh as little as 70 (kg), but can also weigh up to 125 (kg). The average weight for adults is 100 to 115 (kg).The giant panda has a body shape typical of bears. It has black fur on its ears, eye patches, limbs and shoulders... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:11 | text | Giant panda. shade. Studies in the wild have found that when viewed from a distance, the panda displays disruptive coloration while close up, they rely more on blending in. The black ears may signal aggressive intent, while the eye patches might facilitate them identifying one another. The giant panda's thick, woolly c... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:12 | text | Giant panda. newtons and bite force quotient of 292. Another study had a 117.5 (kg) giant panda bite of 1298.9 newtons (BFQ 151.4) at canine teeth and 1815.9 newtons (BFQ 141.8) at carnassial teeth.The giant panda's paw has a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" – actually a modified sesamoid bone – helps it to hold b... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:13 | text | Giant panda. years in the wild and up to 30 years in captivity. A female named Jia Jia was the oldest giant panda ever in captivity, born in 1978 and died at an age of 38 on 16 October 2016.## Pathology.A seven-year-old female named Jin Yi died in 2014 in a zoo in Zhengzhou, China, after showing symptoms of gastroenter... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:14 | text | Giant panda. Illumina dye sequencing. Its genome contains 20 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.## Ecology.## Diet.Despite its taxonomic classification as a carnivoran, the giant panda's diet is primarily herbivorous, consisting almost exclusively of bamboo. However, the giant panda still has the digest... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:15 | text | Giant panda. rich in starch which they have a higher capability of digest than strict carnivores, and have up till 32% protein content. During the shoot season, which lasts from April to August, they put on a lot of weight, which allows them to get through the nutrient-scarce period from late August to April, when they... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:16 | text | Giant panda. eats as much as 9 to 14 kg (20 to 30 lb) of bamboo shoots a day to compensate for the limited energy content of its diet. Ingestion of such a large quantity of material is possible and necessary because of the rapid passage of large amounts of indigestible plant material through the short, straight digesti... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:17 | text | Giant panda. input imposed on it by its diet has affected the panda's behavior. The giant panda tends to limit its social interactions and avoids steeply sloping terrain to limit its energy expenditures.It has been estimated that an adult panda absorbs 54.8–66.1 mg of cyanide a day through its diet. To prevent poisonin... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:18 | text | Giant panda. bamboo diet. Anthropologist Russell Ciochon observed: "[much] like the vegetarian gorilla, the low body surface area to body volume [of the giant panda] is indicative of a lower metabolic rate. This lower metabolic rate and a more sedentary lifestyle allows the giant panda to subsist on nutrient poor resou... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:19 | text | Giant panda. was omnivorous 7 million years ago (mya), it only became herbivorous some 2–2.4 mya with the emergence of "A. microta". Genome sequencing of the giant panda suggests that the dietary switch could have initiated from the loss of the sole T1R1/T1R3 umami taste receptor, resulting from two frameshift mutation... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:20 | text | Giant panda. and not the reason for, the dietary change. The mutation time for the T1R1 gene in the giant panda is estimated to 4.2 mya while fossil evidence indicates bamboo consumption in the giant panda species at least 7 mya, signifying that although complete herbivory occurred around 2 mya, the dietary switch was ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:21 | text | Giant panda. flowering, death, and regeneration of all bamboo within a species, the giant panda must have at least two different species available in its range to avoid starvation. While primarily herbivorous, the giant panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In capt... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:22 | text | Giant panda. tagged with GPS collars at the Foping Reserve in the Qinling Mountains. They took note of their foraging and mating habits and analyzed samples of their food and feces. The pandas would move from the valleys into the Qinling Mountains and would only return to the valleys in autumn. During the summer months... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:23 | text | Giant panda. young cubs are vulnerable to attacks by snow leopards, yellow-throated martens, eagles, feral dogs, and the Asian black bear. Sub-adults weighing up to 50 (kg) may be vulnerable to predation by leopards.## Behavior.The giant panda is a terrestrial animal and primarily spends its life roaming and feeding in... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:24 | text | Giant panda. one another will gather. After mating, the male leaves the female alone to raise the cub.Pandas were thought to fall into the crepuscular category, those who are active twice a day, at dawn and dusk; however, Jindong Zhang found that pandas may belong to a category all of their own, with activity peaks in ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:25 | text | Giant panda. to autumn with an increase from November through the following March. Activity is also directly related to the amount of sunlight during colder days.Pandas communicate through vocalisation and scent marking such as clawing trees or spraying urine. They are able to climb and take shelter in hollow trees or ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:26 | text | Giant panda. been known to attack humans, presumably out of irritation rather than aggression.Pandas have been known to cover themselves in horse manure to protect themselves against cold temperatures.## Reproduction.Initially, the primary method of breeding giant pandas in captivity was by artificial insemination, as ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:27 | text | Giant panda. breeding to some populations of the American black bear, a thriving bear species. The normal reproductive rate is considered to be one young every two years.Giant pandas reach sexual maturity between the ages of four and eight, and may be reproductive until age 20. The mating season is between March and Ma... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:28 | text | Giant panda. may mount her repeatedly to ensure successful fertilisation. The gestation period is somewhere between 95 and 160 days - the variability is due to the fact that the fertilized egg may linger in the reproductive system for a while before implanting on the uterine wall.Giant pandas give birth to twins in abo... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:29 | text | Giant panda. does not store fat. The father has no part in helping raise the cub.When the cub is first born, it is pink, blind, and toothless, weighing only 90 to 130 (g), or about of the mother's weight, proportionally the smallest baby of any placental mammal. It nurses from its mother's breast six to 14 times a day ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:30 | text | Giant panda. black. Slight pink colour may appear on the cub's fur, as a result of a chemical reaction between the fur and its mother's saliva. A month after birth, the colour pattern of the cub's fur is fully developed. Its fur is very soft and coarsens with age. The cub begins to crawl at 75 to 80 days; mothers play ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:31 | text | Giant panda. pounds) at one year and live with their mothers until they are 18 months to two years old. The interval between births in the wild is generally two years.In July 2009, Chinese scientists confirmed the birth of the first cub to be successfully conceived through artificial insemination using frozen sperm. Th... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:32 | text | Giant panda. giant panda semen, which had led to inbreeding. Panda semen, which can be frozen for decades, could be shared between different zoos to save the species. It is expected that zoos in destinations such as San Diego in the United States and Mexico City will now be able to provide their own semen to inseminate... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:33 | text | Giant panda. of an animal of another species. This has resulted in panda fetuses, but no live births.## Human use and interaction.## Early references.In the past, pandas were thought to be rare and noble creatures – the Empress Dowager Bo was buried with a panda skull in her vault. The grandson of Emperor Taizong of Ta... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:34 | text | Giant panda. urine to melt accidentally swallowed needles, and the use of panda pelts to control menstruation as described in the Qin dynasty encyclopedia "Erya".The creature named "mo" (貘) mentioned in some ancient books has been interpreted as giant panda. The dictionary "Shuowen Jiezi" (Eastern Han Dynasty) says tha... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:35 | text | Giant panda. a captured "zouyu" (), and another "zouyu" was sighted in Shandong. "Zouyu" is a legendary "righteous" animal, which, similarly to a "qilin", only appears during the rule of a benevolent and sincere monarch. It is said to be fierce as a tiger, but gentle and strictly vegetarian, and described in some books... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:36 | text | Giant panda. when the French missionary Armand David received a skin from a hunter. The first Westerner known to have seen a living giant panda is the German zoologist Hugo Weigold, who purchased a cub in 1916. Kermit and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., became the first Westerners to shoot a panda, on an expedition funded by ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:37 | text | Giant panda. five giant pandas to London, they arrived on 23 December aboard the SS "Antenor". These five were the first on British soil and were transferred to London Zoo. One, named Grandma, only lasted a few days. She was taxidermized by E. Gerrard and Sons and sold to Leeds City Museum where she is currently on dis... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:38 | text | Giant panda. the People's Republic of China (PRC), as it marked some of the first cultural exchanges between China and the West. This practice has been termed "panda diplomacy".By 1984, however, pandas were no longer given as gifts. Instead, China began to offer pandas to other nations only on 10-year loans, under term... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:39 | text | Giant panda. zoo can ensure that China will channel more than half of its loan fee into conservation efforts for the giant panda and its habitat. As a result of this change in policy, nearly all the pandas in the world are owned by China. The pandas leased to foreign zoos and any cubs are eventually returned to China.I... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:40 | text | Giant panda. would be served by the exchange. A contest in 2006 to name the pandas was held in the mainland, resulting in the politically charged names Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan (from "tuanyuan", meaning "reunion", i.e. "reunification"). China's offer was initially rejected by Chen Shui-bian, then President of Taiwan. Ho... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:41 | text | Giant panda. the emperor's garden of exotic animals in the capital Chang'an (present Xi'an). Not until the 1950s were pandas again recorded to have been exhibited in China's zoos.Chi Chi at the London Zoo became very popular. This influenced the World Wildlife Fund to use a panda as its symbol.A 2006 "New York Times" a... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:42 | text | Giant panda. expire in 2008, but got a five-year extension at about half of the previous yearly cost. The last contract, with the Memphis Zoo in Memphis, Tennessee, ended in 2013.## Conservation.The giant panda is a vulnerable species, threatened by continued habitat loss and habitat fragmentation, and by a very low bi... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:43 | text | Giant panda. by foreigners since it was introduced to the West. Starting in the 1930s, foreigners were unable to poach giant pandas in China because of the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, but pandas remained a source of soft furs for the locals. The population boom in China after 1949 created stress... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:44 | text | Giant panda. illegal poaching for the black market, acts generally ignored by the local officials at the time.In 1963, the PRC government set up Wolong National Nature Reserve to save the declining panda population. In 2006, scientists reported that the number of pandas living in the wild may have been underestimated a... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:45 | text | Giant panda. to just 13 reserves in 1998. As the species has been reclassified to "vulnerable" since 2016, the conservation efforts are thought to be working. Furthermore, in response to this reclassification, the State Forestry Administration of China announced that they would not accordingly lower the conservation le... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:46 | text | Giant panda. of Sichuan and covering seven natural reserves, were inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 2006.Not all conservationists agree that the money spent on conserving pandas is well spent. Chris Packham has argued that the breeding of pandas in captivity is "pointless" because "there is not enough habitat l... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:47 | text | Giant panda. He also quoted, "The panda is possibly one of the grossest wastes of conservation money in the last half century", though he has apologised for upsetting people who like pandas. However, a 2015 paper found that the giant panda can serve as an umbrella species as the preservation of their habitat also helps... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:48 | text | Giant panda. based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve, allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity, and help them adapt to life in the wild, so that they may breed, and live longer and healthier lives. Efforts to preserve the panda bear populations in China have come at the expense of other... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:49 | text | Giant panda. miles, the park is roughly three times as large as Yellowstone National Park and incorporates the Wolong National Nature Reserve. The state-owned Bank of China helped to enable the project with US$1.5 billion.One major aim is to permanently keep the panda population stable enough to avoid a relapse to its ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:50 | text | Giant panda. mates, helps to enrich genetic diversity of their offspring.In 2020, the panda population of the new national park was already above 1,800 individuals, which is roughly 80 percent of the entire panda population in China. Establishing the new protected area in the Sichuan Province also gives various other e... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:51 | text | Giant panda. that giant pandas are no longer endangered in the wild following years of conservation efforts, with a population in the wild exceeding 1,800.## Biofuel.Microbes in panda waste are being investigated for their use in creating biofuels from bamboo and other plant materials.Giant pandas around the worldList ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:52 | text | Giant panda. Cub Grow". New York: Fireside Books. Goodman, Brenda (12 February 2006). Pandas Eat Up Much of Zoos' Budgets. "The New York Times". (An earlier edition is available as "The Smithsonian Book of Giant Pandas", Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002, .) Panda Facts At a Glance (N.d.). "www.wwfchina.org". WWF Chi... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:53 | text | Giant panda. and video clips from BBC programmes past and present.Panda Pioneer: the release of the first captive-bred panda 'Xiang Xiang' in 2006WWF – environmental conservation organizationPandas International – panda conservation groupNational Zoo Live Panda Cams – Baby Panda Tai Shan and mother Mei XiangInformation... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:54 | text | Malayan tapir. The Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus), also called Asian tapir, Asiatic tapir and Indian tapir, is the only tapir species native to Southeast Asia from the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra. It has been listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2008, as the population is estimated to comprise less than 2,50... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:55 | text | Malayan tapir. Zoo in the early 1920s. Phylogenetic analyses of 13 Malayan tapirs showed that the species is monophyletic.It was placed in the genus "Acrocodia" by Colin Groves and Peter Grubb in 2011. However, a comparison of mitochondrial DNA of 16 perissodactyl species revealed that the Malayan tapir forms a sister ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:56 | text | Malayan tapir. is covered in black hair, except for the tips of its ears, which, as with other tapirs, are rimmed with white. The pattern is for camouflage; the disrupted coloration breaks up its outline and makes it more difficult to recognize; other animals may mistake it for a large rock, rather than prey, when it i... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:57 | text | Malayan tapir. adults can weigh up to 540 (kg). The females are usually larger than the males. Like other tapir species, it has a small, stubby tail and a long, flexible proboscis. It has four toes on each front foot and three toes on each back foot. The Malayan tapir has rather poor eyesight, but excellent hearing and... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:58 | text | Malayan tapir. of these modifications to the normal mammal skull are, of course, to make room for the proboscis. This proboscis caused a retraction of bones and cartilage in the face during the evolution of the tapir, and even caused the loss of some cartilages, facial muscles, and the bony wall of the nasal chamber.##... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:59 | text | Malayan tapir. haze, which is corneal cloudiness thought to be caused by repetitive exposure to light. Corneal cloudiness is a condition in which the cornea starts to lose its transparency. The cornea is necessary for the transmitting and focusing of outside light as it enters the eye, and cloudiness can cause vision l... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:60 | text | Malayan tapir. avoid predators in the dark.## Colour variation.Two melanistic Malayan tapirs were observed in Jerangau Forest Reserve in Malaysia in 2000. A black Malayan tapir was also recorded in Tekai Tembeling Forest Reserve in Pahang state in 2016.## Distribution and habitat.The Malayan tapir is distributed throug... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:61 | text | Malayan tapir. other individuals. Tapirs mark out their territories by spraying urine on plants, and they often follow distinct paths, which they have bulldozed through the undergrowth.Exclusively herbivorous, the animal forages for the tender shoots and leaves of more than 115 species of plants (around 30 are particul... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:62 | text | Malayan tapir. squeaks and whistles. They usually prefer to live near water and often bathe and swim, and they are also able to climb steep slopes. Tapirs are mainly active at night, though they are not exclusively nocturnal. They tend to eat soon after sunset or before sunrise, and they will often nap in the middle of... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:63 | text | Malayan tapir. in general, and grow more quickly than their relatives. Young tapirs of all species have brown hair with white stripes and spots, a pattern that enables them to hide effectively in the dappled light of the forest. This baby coat fades into adult coloration between four and seven months after birth. Weani... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:64 | text | Malayan tapir. 30 years, both in the wild and in captivity.## Predators.Because of its size, the Malayan tapir has few natural predators, and even reports of killings by tigers ("Panthera tigris"), leopards ("Panthera pardus"), or dholes ("Cuon alpinus") are scarce.## Threats.The main threat to the Malayan tapir is los... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:65 | text | Malayan tapir. tapir "(Tapirus indicus)"Tapir Specialist Group – Malayan Tapir## External links. | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:162 | text | Kayak. A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is typically propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle. The word kayak originates from the Greenlandic word "qajaq" ().The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler. The cockpit is sometimes covered by a spray deck that ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:163 | text | Kayak. considerably from a traditional design but still claim the title "kayak", for instance in eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat ("sit-on-top" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull with twin hulls; and replacing paddles with other human-p... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:164 | text | Kayak. "qajaq" (ᖃᔭᖅ ), Yup'ik: "qayaq" (from "qai-" "surface; top"), Aleut: "Iqyax") were originally developed by the Inuit, Yup'ik, and Aleut. They used the boats to hunt on inland lakes, rivers and coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic, Bering Sea and North Pacific oceans. These first kayaks were constru... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:165 | text | Kayak. department of the State Museum of Ethnology in Munich, with the oldest dating from 1577.Native people made many types of boats for different purposes. The Aleut baidarka was made in double or triple cockpit designs, for hunting and transporting passengers or goods. An umiak is a large open-sea canoe, ranging fro... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:166 | text | Kayak. on through oral tradition. The word "kayak" means "man's boat" or "hunter's boat", and native kayaks were a personal craft, each built by the man who used it—with assistance from his wife, who sewed the skins—and closely fitting his size for maximum maneuverability. The paddler wore a tuilik, a garment that was ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:167 | text | Kayak. swimmer to survive for long.Instead of a "tuilik", most traditional kayakers today use a spray deck made of waterproof synthetic material stretchy enough to fit tightly around the cockpit rim and body of the kayaker, and which can be released rapidly from the cockpit to permit easy exit (in particular in a wet e... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:168 | text | Kayak. fist plus the outstretched thumb (hitch hiker). Thus typical dimensions were about 17 (ft) long by 20 - 22 (in) wide by 7 (in) deep. This measurement system confounded early European explorers who tried to duplicate the kayak because each kayak was a little different.Traditional kayaks encompass three types: "Ba... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:169 | text | Kayak. similar to the West Greenland style, but often fit more snugly to the paddler and possess a steeper angle between gunwale and stem, which lends maneuverability.Most of the Aleut people in the Aleutian Islands eastward to Greenland Inuit relied on the kayak for hunting a variety of prey—primarily seals, though wh... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:170 | text | Kayak. modern skins of canvas or synthetic fabric, such as sc. ballistic nylon.Contemporary traditional-style kayaks trace their origins primarily to the native boats of Alaska, northern Canada, and Southwest Greenland. The use of fabric kayaks on wooden frames called a foldboat or folding kayak (German Faltboot or Har... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:171 | text | Kayak. By 1929, Klepper and Company were making 90 foldboats a day. Joined by other European manufacturers, by the mid-1930s there were an estimated half-million foldboat kayaks in use throughout Europe. First Nation masters of the roll taught this technique to Europeans during this time period.These boats were tough a... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:172 | text | Kayak. 2730 (nmi) later he reached Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Another German, Oskar Speck, paddled his foldboat down the Danube and four years later reached the Australian coast after having traveled roughly 14,000 miles across the Pacific.These watercraft were brought to the United States and used competitivel... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:173 | text | Kayak. and Marjory Hurd. With her partner Ken Hutchinson, Hurd won the double canoe race. Lang won the doubles foldboat event with her partner, Alexander "Zee" Grant. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander “Zee” Grant was most likely America's best foldboat pilot. Grant kayaked the Gates of Lodore on the Green Ri... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:174 | text | Kayak. with beach balls. As with nearly all American foldboat enthusiasts of the day, he did not know how to roll his boat.Fiberglass mixed with resin composites, invented in the 1930s and 1940s, were soon used to make kayaks and this type of watercraft saw increased use during the 1950s, including in the US. Kayak Sla... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:175 | text | Kayak. seat and no thigh braces.Inflatable rubberized fabric boats were first introduced in Europe and rotomolded plastic kayaks first appeared in 1973. Most kayaks today are made from roto-molded polyethylene resins. The development of plastic and rubberized inflatable kayaks arguably initiated the development of free... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:176 | text | Kayak. size is an integral part of the structure, and will also affect the trade-offs made.Attempting to lift and carry a kayak by oneself or improperly is a significant cause of kayaking injuries. Good lifting technique, sharing loads, and not using needlessly large and heavy kayaks prevents injuries.## Displacement.I... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:177 | text | Kayak. big will create more drag, and the kayak will move more slowly and take more effort. Rolling is easier in lower-displacement kayaks. On the other hand, a higher deck will keep the paddler(s) drier and make self-rescue and coming through surf easier. Many beginning paddlers who use a sit-in kayak feel more secure... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:178 | text | Kayak. must be more than the loaded kayak, the optimal amount of excess buoyancy varies somewhat with kayak type, purpose, and personal taste (squirt boats, for instance, have very little positive buoyancy). Displacements obviously must also vary greatly with paddler weight. Most manufacturers make kayaks for paddlers ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:179 | text | Kayak. all commercial kayaks, or they are too light and small to paddle the smallest ones without difficulty. In the United States, those who are too heavy are fairly equally split between men and women, while those too light include many women, most pre-teens, and some teens, but less than 1% of men. Paddling an overs... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:180 | text | Kayak. and a few are built narrower, to fit women (see section on stability, below).## Length.As a general rule, a longer kayak is faster: it has a higher hull speed. It can also be narrower for a given displacement, reducing the drag, and it will generally track (follow a straight line) better than a shorter kayak. On... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:181 | text | Kayak. store.Kayaks that are built to cover longer distances such as touring and sea kayaks are longer, generally 16 to 19 (ft). With touring kayaks the keel is generally more defined (helping the kayaker track in a straight line). Whitewater kayaks, which generally depend upon river current for their forward motion, a... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:182 | text | Kayak. Rocker.Length alone does not fully predict a kayak's maneuverability: a second design element is "rocker", i.e. its lengthwise curvature. A heavily "rockered" boat curves more, shortening its effective waterline. For example, an 18 (ft) kayak with no rocker is in the water from end to end. In contrast, the bow a... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:183 | text | Kayak. its waterline is far shorter and its maneuverability far greater. When surfing, a heavily rockered boat is less likely to lock into the wave as the bow and stern are still above water. A boat with less rocker cuts into the wave and makes it harder to turn while surfing.## Beam profile.The overall width of a kaya... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:184 | text | Kayak. a somewhat shorter paddle appropriate and a shorter paddle puts less strain on the shoulder joints. Some paddlers are comfortable with a sit-in kayak so narrow that their legs extend fairly straight out. Others want sufficient width to permit crossing their legs inside the kayak.## Types of stability."Primary" (... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:185 | text | Kayak. rolling, "tertiary" stability, or the stability of an upside-down kayak, is also important (lower tertiary stability makes rolling up easier).Primary stability is often a big concern to a beginner, while secondary stability matters both to beginners and experienced travelers. By example, a wide, flat-bottomed ka... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:186 | text | Kayak. waves and (in the hands of a skilled kayaker) provides a safer, more comfortable response on stormy seas. Kayaks with only moderate primary, but excellent secondary stability are, in general, considered more seaworthy, especially in challenging conditions.The shape of the cross section affects stability, maneuve... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:187 | text | Kayak. turning harder. V-shaped hulls also have the greatest secondary stability. Conversely, flat-bottomed hulls are easy to turn, but harder to direct in a constant direction. A round-bottomed boat has minimal area in contact with the water, and thus minimizes drag; however, it may be so unstable that it will not rem... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:188 | text | Kayak. more secondary stability than recreational kayaks, which are wider 26 - 30 (in), have a flatter hull shape, and more primary stability.## Stability from body shape and skill level.The body of the paddler must also be taken into account. A paddler with a low center of gravity (COG) will find all boats more stable... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:189 | text | Kayak. women are rare. Unisex kayaks are built for men. Younger children have proportionately smaller and lighter bodies, but near-adult-size heads, and thus a higher center of gravity. A paddler with narrow shoulders will also want a narrower kayak.Newcomers will often want a craft with high primary stability (see abo... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:190 | text | Kayak. kayaks and sailing. If the floats are set so that they are both in the water, they give primary stability, but produce more drag. If they are set so that they are both out of the water when the kayak is balanced, they give secondary stability.## Hull surface profile.Some kayak hulls are categorized according to ... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:191 | text | Kayak. contact points.Traditional-style and some modern types of kayaks (e.g. sit-on-top) require that paddler be seated with their legs stretched in front of them, in a right angle, in a position called the "L" kayaking position. Other kayaks offer a different sitting position, in which the paddler's legs are not stre... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:192 | text | Kayak. stroke. Most kayaks therefore have footrests and a backrest. Some kayaks fit snugly on the hips; others rely more on thigh braces. Mass-produced kayaks generally have adjustable bracing points. Many paddlers also customize their kayaks by putting in shims of closed-cell foam (usually EVA), or more elaborate stru... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:193 | text | Kayak. will cause painful cramping and inefficient paddling. The paddler should generally be in a comfortable position.## Materials and construction.Today almost all kayaks are commercial products intended for sale rather than for the builder's personal use.Fiberglass hulls are stiffer than polyethylene hulls, but they... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:194 | text | Kayak. hull are often made separately and then joined at a horizontal seam.Plastic kayaks are rotationally molded ('rotomolded') from a various grades and types of polyethylene resins ranging from soft to hard. Such kayaks are seamless and particularly resistant to impact, but heavy.Inflatable kayaks are increasingly p... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:195 | text | Kayak. more stable than hardshell designs. New drop-stitch technology means slab, rather than tube shapes are used in the designs with higher inflation pressures (up to 10 (psi)), leading to considerably faster, though often less stable kayaks which rival hardshell boats in performance.Solid wooden hulls don't necessar... | Not supported with pagination yet |
6:196 | text | Kayak. of epoxy resin has decreased in recent years.Stitch & glue designs typically use modern, marine-grade plywood with a thickness of about 3 to 5 (mm). After cutting out the required pieces of hull and deck (kits often have these pre-cut), a series of small holes are drilled along the edges. Copper wire is then use... | Not supported with pagination yet |
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YAML Metadata Warning:The task_categories "multimodal-retrieval" is not in the official list: text-classification, token-classification, table-question-answering, question-answering, zero-shot-classification, translation, summarization, feature-extraction, text-generation, fill-mask, sentence-similarity, text-to-speech, text-to-audio, automatic-speech-recognition, audio-to-audio, audio-classification, audio-text-to-text, voice-activity-detection, depth-estimation, image-classification, object-detection, image-segmentation, text-to-image, image-to-text, image-to-image, image-to-video, unconditional-image-generation, video-classification, reinforcement-learning, robotics, tabular-classification, tabular-regression, tabular-to-text, table-to-text, multiple-choice, text-ranking, text-retrieval, time-series-forecasting, text-to-video, image-text-to-text, image-text-to-image, image-text-to-video, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, zero-shot-image-classification, graph-ml, mask-generation, zero-shot-object-detection, text-to-3d, image-to-3d, image-feature-extraction, video-text-to-text, keypoint-detection, visual-document-retrieval, any-to-any, video-to-video, other
YAML Metadata Warning:The task_ids "image,text-to-text" is not in the official list: acceptability-classification, entity-linking-classification, fact-checking, intent-classification, language-identification, multi-class-classification, multi-label-classification, multi-input-text-classification, natural-language-inference, semantic-similarity-classification, sentiment-classification, topic-classification, semantic-similarity-scoring, sentiment-scoring, sentiment-analysis, hate-speech-detection, text-scoring, named-entity-recognition, part-of-speech, parsing, lemmatization, word-sense-disambiguation, coreference-resolution, extractive-qa, open-domain-qa, closed-domain-qa, news-articles-summarization, news-articles-headline-generation, dialogue-modeling, dialogue-generation, conversational, language-modeling, text-simplification, explanation-generation, abstractive-qa, open-domain-abstractive-qa, closed-domain-qa, open-book-qa, closed-book-qa, text2text-generation, slot-filling, masked-language-modeling, keyword-spotting, speaker-identification, audio-intent-classification, audio-emotion-recognition, audio-language-identification, multi-label-image-classification, multi-class-image-classification, face-detection, vehicle-detection, instance-segmentation, semantic-segmentation, panoptic-segmentation, image-captioning, image-inpainting, image-colorization, super-resolution, grasping, task-planning, tabular-multi-class-classification, tabular-multi-label-classification, tabular-single-column-regression, rdf-to-text, multiple-choice-qa, multiple-choice-coreference-resolution, document-retrieval, utterance-retrieval, entity-linking-retrieval, fact-checking-retrieval, univariate-time-series-forecasting, multivariate-time-series-forecasting, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, pose-estimation
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