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EN_15_6
|
Alarmed, the Federalists accused the Democratic-Republicans of shielding the subversive activities of French and French-sympathizing immigrants. The Federalist pamphleteer William Cobbett accused Bache's successor at the Aurora, William Duane, of orchestrating a conspiracy among United Irish émigrés. Convening in Philadelphia's African Free School, and admitting, together with "all those who have suffered in the cause of freedom", free blacks, the Irish republicans had formed a society dedicated to the proposition (to which each member attested) that "a free form of government, and uncontrouled [sic] opinion on all subjects, [are] the common rights of all the human species". Against the backdrop of the Quasi War and of the Haitian Revolution (then still under the flag of the French Republic), for Cobbett, this was sufficient proof of an intention to organise slave revolts and "thus involve the whole country in rebellion and bloodshed". In protesting the Acts, Duane had argued, in letter to George Washington, for an entirely civic concept of American citizenship, one that might encompass "the Jew, the savage, the Mahometan, the idolator, upon all of whom the sun shines equally".
|
1002.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,002
| null |
alarm federalists accuse democratic_republicans shield subversive activity french french sympathize immigrant federalist pamphleteer william_cobbett accuse bache successor aurora william_duane orchestrate conspiracy united irish émigré convene_philadelphia african free school admit world_health organization suffer freedom free black irish republicans form society dedicate_proposition member attest free form government uncontrouled opinion subject common right human specie backdrop quasi_war haitian_revolution flag french republic cobbett sufficient proof intention organise slave_revolt involve country rebellion bloodshed protest act duane argue george_washington civic concept american citizenship encompass jew savage mahometan idolator sun shine
|
beschuldigen föderalist subversiv_aktivität französisch französisch sympathisierend einwanderer abschirmen föderalist pamphlete william_cobbett beschuldigen bach nachfolger aurora william_duane verschwörung united_irish emigrés orchestrieren einberufung african free_school zugeben gelitten sache freiheit frei_schwarze irisch republikaner gesellschaft satz mitglied bezeugen frei form regierung unbestritten sic meinung thema gemeinsam menschenart hintergrund haitianisch_revolution flagge französischen republik cobbett ausreichend_beweis absicht sklavenrevolt organisieren land rebellion blutvergießen verwickeln protest apostelgeschichte duane brief george_washington staatsbürgerlich konzept amerikanisch staatsbürgerschaft argumentieren jude wilde mahometan götzendiener sonne scheinen umfassen
|
EN_15_6
|
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EN_15_7
|
With President John Adams naming Duane as one of the three or four men most responsible for his defeat, Jefferson's Democratic-Republicans ticket triumphed in the elections of 1800. Upon assuming the presidency, Jefferson pardoned those still serving sentences under the Sedition Act, and the new Congress repaid their fines.
|
1003.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,003
| null |
president john_adams name duane man responsible defeat jefferson democratic_republicans ticket triumph election presidency jefferson pardon serve sentence sedition_act new congress repay fine
|
präsident john_adams duane mann bezeichnen niederlage triumphieren jefferson wahl jefferson präsidentschaft annehmen begnadigen rahmen_sedition strafe_verbüßen kongreß zahlen bußgeld
|
EN_15_7
|
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|
EN_15_8
|
The Alien Friends Act (officially "An Act Concerning Aliens") authorized the president to deport any foreigner that was determined to be "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States." Once a foreigner was determined to be dangerous, or was suspected of conspiring against the government, the president had the power to set a reasonable amount of time for departure, and remaining after the time limit could result to up to three years in prison. The law was never directly enforced, but it was often used in conjunction with the Sedition Act to suppress criticism of the Adams administration. Upon enactment, the Alien Friends Act was authorized for two years, and sunset thereafter. Democratic-Republicans opposed the law, with Thomas Jefferson referring to it as "a most detestable thing... worthy of the 8th or 9th century."
|
1004.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,004
| null |
alien_friends act act concern aliens authorize president deport foreigner determined dangerous peace safety united_states foreigner determined dangerous suspect conspire government president power set reasonable time departure remain time limit result year prison law enforce information_technology conjunction sedition_act suppress criticism adams administration enactment alien_friends act authorize year sunset democratic_republicans oppose law thomas_jefferson refer information_technology detestable thing worthy century
|
alien friends act_akt betreffend alien ermächtigen präsident ausländer deportieren entschlossen frieden_sicherheit vereinigt_staat ausländer entschlossen verdächtigen regierung verschwören präsident angemessen abreise setzen_frist bleiben gefängnis führen gesetz durchsetzen verbindung sedition_act verwenden kritik unterdrücken verabschiedung alien friend act genehmigen sonnenuntergang gesetz thomas_jefferson beziehen verabscheuungswürdig sache jahrhundert
|
EN_15_8
|
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18,
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|
EN_15_9
|
While the law was not directly enforced, it resulted in the voluntary departure of foreigners who feared that they would be charged under the act. The Adams administration encouraged these departures, and Secretary of State Timothy Pickering would ensure that the ships were granted passage. Though Adams did not delegate the final decision-making power, Secretary Pickering was responsible for overseeing enforcement of the Alien Friends Act. Both Adams and Pickering considered the law too weak to be effective; Pickering expressed his desire for the law to require sureties and authorize detainment prior to deportation.
|
1005.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,005
| null |
law enforce information_technology result voluntary departure foreigner world_health organization fear charge act adams administration encourage departure secretary_state timothy_pickering ensure ship grant passage adams delegate final decision power secretary pickering responsible_oversee enforcement alien_friends act adams pickering consider law weak effective pickering express_desire law require surety authorize detainment deportation
|
gesetz durchsetzen führen freiwillig abreise ausländer befürchteter gesetz anklagen ermutigen abflug staatssekretär timothy_pickering sorgen schiff durchqueren adams delegieren endgültig entscheidungsgewalt secretary pickering überwachung durchsetzung act adams pickering halten gesetz pickering drücken_wunsch gesetz sicherheit verlangen abschiebung abschiebung genehmigen
|
EN_15_9
|
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EN_15_10
|
Many French nationals were considered for deportation but were allowed to leave willingly, or Adams declined to take action against them. These figures included: philosopher Constantin François de Chassebœuf, comte de Volney, General Victor Collot, scholar Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry, diplomat Victor Marie du Pont. Secretary Pickering also proposed applying the act against the French diplomatic delegation to the United States, but Adams refused. Journalist John Daly Burk agreed to leave under the act informally to avoid being tried for sedition, but he went into hiding in Virginia until the act's expiration. Adams never signed a deportation order.
|
1006.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,006
| null |
french national consider deportation allow leave adams decline action figure include philosopher constantin françois chassebœuf comte volney general victor collot scholar médéric louis élie moreau saint méry diplomat victor_marie du_pont secretary pickering propose act french diplomatic delegation united_states adams refuse journalist john daly burk agree leave act avoid sedition hiding virginia act expiration adams sign deportation order
|
französisch staatsangehörige abschiebung betracht_ziehen adams lehnen vorgehen figur gehören philosoph constantin françois_de chassebœuf komter de volney general victor collot gelehrter médéric louis élie moreau de diplomat victor_marie pont sekretär pickering schlagen gesetz französisch diplomatisch delegation vereinigt_staat anwenden adams weigern journalist john daly burk erklären akt aufruhr versuchen verstecken ablauf handlung virginia adams deportationsbefehl unterschreiben
|
EN_15_10
|
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EN_15_11
|
The Alien Enemies Act (officially "An Act Respecting Alien Enemies") was passed to supplement the Alien Friends Act, granting the government additional powers to regulate the activity of foreigners in times of war or invasion. Under this law, the president could authorize the arrest, relocation, or deportation of any male over the age of 14 who hailed from a foreign enemy country. It also provided some legal protections for those subject to the law. Unlike the other acts, this act was largely unopposed by the Democratic-Republicans.
|
1007.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,007
| null |
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|
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EN_15_11
|
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EN_15_12
|
The Alien Enemies Act did not contain a sunset clause and has sustained force and effect, codified as sections 4067 to 4070 of the Revised Statutes (50 U.S.C. 21–24).
|
1008.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,008
| null |
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|
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|
EN_15_12
|
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EN_15_13
|
The Naturalization Act increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to 14 years and increased the notice time from three to five years. Although the law was passed under the guise of protecting national security, most historians conclude it was really intended to decrease the number of citizens, and thus voters, who disagreed with the Federalist Party. At the time, the majority of immigrants supported Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans—the political opponents of the Federalists. It did not sunset, but was repealed by the Naturalization Act of 1802.
|
1009.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,009
| null |
naturalization_act increase residency_requirement american citizenship year increase notice time year law pass guise protect national_security historian conclude information_technology intend decrease number citizen voter world_health organization disagree federalist_party time majority immigrant support thomas_jefferson democratic_republicans political_opponent federalists information_technology sunset repeal naturalization_act
|
einbürgerungsgesetz erhöhen aufenthaltsvoraussetzung amerikanisch staatsbürgerschaft erhöhen kündigungsfrist gesetz deckmantel schutz national_sicherheit verabschieden schlussfolgern historiker beabsichtigen zahl bürger verringern wähler föderalistischen_partei unterstützen mehrheit einwanderer thomas_jefferson demokratisch_republikaner politisch_gegner föderalist untergegangen einbürgerungsgesetz aufheben
|
EN_15_13
|
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6,
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|
EN_15_14
|
The Federalist-controlled Congress passed the Sedition Act by a vote of 44 to 41. The legislation made it illegal to print "false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United States, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States."
|
1010.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,010
| null |
federalist control congress pass sedition_act vote legislation information_technology illegal print false_scandalous malicious_writing writing government united_states house congress united_states president united_states
|
kontrolliert kongress verabschieden sedition_act stimme gesetzgebung falsch bösartig schrift schrift regierung vereinigt_staat haus kongreß vereinigt_staat präsident vereinigt_staat drucken
|
EN_15_14
|
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17,
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] | 16
|
EN_15_15
|
The act was used to suppress speech critical of the Adams administration, including the prosecution and conviction of many Jeffersonian newspaper owners who disagreed with the Federalist Party.
|
1011.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,011
| null |
act suppress speech critical adams administration include prosecution_conviction jeffersonian newspaper owner world_health organization disagree federalist_party
|
handlung verwenden rede unterdrücken verfolgung verurteilung jeffersonian zeitungsbesitzer föderalistischen_partei
|
EN_15_15
|
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[
21,
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[
1,
0.03846153889137964
]
] | 23
|
EN_15_16
|
The Sedition Act did not extend enforcement to speech about the Vice President, as then-incumbent Thomas Jefferson was a political opponent of the Federalist-controlled Congress. The Sedition Act was allowed to expire in 1800, and its enactment is credited with helping Jefferson win the presidential election that year.
|
1012.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,012
| null |
sedition_act extend enforcement speech vice_president incumbent thomas_jefferson political_opponent federalist control congress sedition_act allow expire enactment credit help jefferson win presidential_election year
|
sedition_act durchsetzung rede vizepräsident ausdehnen thomas_jefferson politisch_gegner föderalist kontrolliert kongreß sedition_act auslaufen_lassen erlass jefferson helfen präsidentschaftswahl gewinnen
|
EN_15_16
|
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[
19,
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] | 24
|
EN_15_17
|
Benjamin Franklin Bache, editor of the Philadelphia Aurora, a Democratic-Republican newspaper, was the first to be arrested under the Sedition Act. In 1798, he was charged with libelling President Adams ("the blind, bald, crippled, toothless, querulous Adams") whom he had accused of nepotism and monarchical ambition and against whom he had supported the French position in the XYZ affair. Released on bail, he died of yellow fever before trial.
|
1013.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,013
| null |
benjamin_franklin bache editor philadelphia_aurora democratic_republican newspaper arrest sedition_act charge libel president adams blind bald crippled toothless querulous adams accuse nepotism monarchical ambition support french position xyz_affair release bail die_yellow fever trial
|
benjamin_franklin bache redakteur philadelphia_aurora zeitung sedition_act verhaften anklagen präsident adams blind kahlen verkrüppelen zahnlos querulös adam nepotismus monarchisch ehrgeiz beschuldigen französisch position unterstützen berauben kaution freilassen sterben prozess gelbfieber
|
EN_15_17
|
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[
15,
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|
EN_15_18
|
In 1799, William Duane, Bache successor at the Aurora, twice faced charges under the Sedition Act: for his purported instigation of a "United Irish riot" in Philadelphia, and for an editorial that intimated that Great Britain had used intrigue to exert its influence with the Adams administration. In both instances, the prosecution case collapsed.
|
1014.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,014
| null |
william_duane bache successor aurora face charge sedition_act purport instigation united irish riot philadelphia editorial intimate great_britain intrigue exert influence adams administration instance prosecution case collapse
|
stehen william_duane bach nachfolger aurora anklage sedition_act angeblich anstiftung united_irish riot philadelphia leitartikel erklären großbritannien intrig benutzen einfluss ausüben fall brechen staatsanwaltschaftsfall
|
EN_15_18
|
[
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|
EN_15_19
|
Matthew Lyon, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Vermont, was the first individual to contest charges under the Alien and Sedition Acts in court. He was indicted in 1800 for an essay he had written in the Vermont Journal, where he had accused the administration of "ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation, and selfish avarice." While awaiting trial, Lyon commenced publication of Lyon's Republican Magazine, subtitled "The Scourge of Aristocracy." At trial, he was fined $1,000, and sentenced to four months in jail. After his release, he returned to Congress.
|
1015.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,015
| null |
matthew lyon democratic_republican congressman vermont individual contest charge alien_sedition act court indict essay write vermont journal accuse administration ridiculous pomp foolish adulation selfish avarice await_trial lyon commence publication lyon republican magazine subtitle scourge aristocracy trial fine sentence month jail release return congress
|
matthew lyon kongressabgeordneter vermont person anklage rahmen alien_and sedition_acts gericht anfechten essay anklagen vermont journal schreiben verwaltung lästerlich pomps töricht adulation egoistisch habsucht beschuldigen prozess warten beginnen lyon veröffentlichung republikanisch magazin lyon untertitel the scourge of freilassung_kehren kongress
|
EN_15_19
|
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|
EN_15_20
|
James T. Callender, a Scottish pamphleteer who had fled to the United States after becoming embroiled in controversy due to publishing an anti-war and anti-corruption tract. Living first in Philadelphia, then seeking refuge close by in Virginia, he wrote a book titled The Prospect Before Us (read and approved by Vice President Jefferson before publication), in which he called the Adams administration a "continual tempest of malignant passions," and referred to the President as a "repulsive pedant, a gross hypocrite, and an unprincipled oppressor." Callender, already residing in Virginia and writing for the Richmond Examiner, was indicted in mid-1800 under the Sedition Act, and was subsequently convicted, fined $200, and sentenced to nine months in jail.
|
1016.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,016
| null |
james callender scottish pamphleteer world_health organization flee united_states embroil controversy publish anti war anti corruption tract live philadelphia seek_refuge virginia write book title prospect ultrasound read approve vice_president jefferson publication call adams administration continual tempest malignant passion refer president repulsive pedant gross hypocrite unprincipled oppressor callender reside virginia write richmond examiner indict sedition_act convict fine sentence month jail
|
l callend schottisch pamphlete vereinigt_staat fliehen veröffentlichung kontroverse verwickeln philadelphia zuflucht virginia schreiben buch titel_the prospect before us lesen genehmigen vice_president jefferson veröffentlichung kontinuell sturm bösartig leidenschaft nennen präsident abstoßend pädant grob heuchler prinzipienlos unterdrücker bezeichnen callend virginia wohnen richmond examiner schreiben mitte sedition_act anklagen_verurteilen dollar geldstrafe_verurteilen monat gefängnis_verurteilen
|
EN_15_20
|
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|
EN_15_21
|
Anthony Haswell was an English immigrant, and a printer of the Jeffersonian Vermont Gazette. Sourced from the Philadelphia Aurora, Haswell had reprinted Bache's claim that the federal government employed Tories. Haswell also published an advertisement from Lyon's sons for a lottery to raise money for his fine that decried Lyon's oppression by jailers exercising "usurped powers". Haswell was found guilty of seditious libel by judge William Paterson, and sentenced to a two-month imprisonment and a $200 fine.
|
1017.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,017
| null |
anthony haswell english immigrant printer jeffersonian vermont gazette source philadelphia_aurora haswell reprint bache federal_government employ tories haswell publish advertisement lyon son lottery raise_money fine decry lyon oppression jailer exercise usurped power haswell guilty seditious_libel judge william_paterson sentence month imprisonment fine
|
anthony haswell englisch einwanderer drucker jeffersonian vermont gazette philadelphia_aurora haswell bach behauptung nachgedrucken bundesregierung tories beschäftigen haswell veröffentlichen anzeige lyon söhne lotterie geld geldstrafe sammeln lyon unterdrückung gefängniswärter kritisieren angeblich kraft ausüben richter william_paterson befinden zweimonatig haftstrafe geldstrafe_dollar verurteilen
|
EN_15_21
|
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[
6,
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[
10,
0.01149425283074379
]
] | 2
|
EN_15_22
|
Luther Baldwin was indicted, convicted, and fined $100 for a drunken incident that occurred during a visit by President Adams to Newark, New Jersey. Upon hearing a gun report during a parade, he yelled "I hope it hit Adams in the [backside]."
|
1018.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,018
| null |
luther baldwin indict convict fine drunken incident_occur visit president adams newark new_jersey hear gun report parade yell hope information_technology hit adams backside
|
luther baldwin anklagen_verurteilen betrunken zwischenfall besuch präsident adams newark_new jersey stattfinden bestrafen parade waffenbericht hören schrie hoffen treffen adams rückseite
|
EN_15_22
|
[
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18,
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[
20,
0.022727273235266854
]
] | 4
|
EN_15_23
|
In November 1798, David Brown led a group in Dedham, Massachusetts, including Benjamin Fairbanks, in setting up a liberty pole with the words, "No Stamp Act, No Sedition Act, No Alien Bills, No Land Tax, downfall to the Tyrants of America; peace and retirement to the President; Long Live the Vice President." Brown was arrested in Andover, Massachusetts, but because he could not afford the $4,000 bail, he was taken to Salem for trial. Brown was tried in June 1799. Brown pleaded guilty, but Justice Samuel Chase asked him to name others who had assisted him. Brown refused, was fined $480 (equivalent to $8,900 in 2024), and sentenced to eighteen months in prison, the most severe sentence imposed under the Sedition Act.
|
1019.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,019
| null |
november david brown lead group dedham massachusetts include benjamin fairbanks set liberty pole word stamp_act sedition_act alien bills land tax downfall tyrants america peace retirement president long live vice_president brown arrest andover_massachusetts afford bail salem trial brown june brown plead_guilty justice samuel_chase ask world_health organization assist brown refuse fine equivalent sentence month prison severe sentence_impose sedition_act
|
november führen david brown gruppe dedham massachusett benjamin fairbank schaffung freiheitspols wort act bill land tax sturz tyrann amerika frieden ruhestand präsident vizepräsident brown andover_massachusett verhaften kaution leisten salem prozess bringen brown juni versuchen brown plädieren richter samuel_chase bitten nennen helfen brown weigern geldstrafe_verurteilen monat gefängnis_verurteilen streng strafe sedition_act verhängen
|
EN_15_23
|
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[
15,
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21,
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|
EN_15_24
|
The Sedition Act, which was signed into law by Adams on July 14, 1798, had been passed by Federalist-controlled Congress only after multiple amendments including a provision that it sunset in March 1801.
|
1020.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,020
| null |
sedition_act sign law adams july pass federalist control congress multiple amendment include provision information_technology sunset march
|
sedition_act juli adams unterzeichnen kongreß änderung bestimmung märz untergehen verabschieden
|
EN_15_24
|
[
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21,
0.03703703786487934
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[
11,
0.03703703786487934
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[
6,
0.03703703786487934
]
] | 16
|
EN_15_25
|
Following the resolution of the Quasi War in 1800, and up until the second administration of President Trump in 2025, the Alien Enemies Act was invoked by the United States executive on three occasions.
|
1021.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,021
| null |
follow resolution quasi_war second administration president trump alien_enemies act invoke united_states executive occasion
|
auflösung regierung präsident trump alien_act gelegenheit aufrufen
|
EN_15_25
|
[
0.047619047086863306,
0.14285714498588012,
0.047619047086863306,
0,
0.047619047086863306,
0,
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[
4,
0.047619047086863306
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[
0,
0.047619047086863306
]
] | 7
|
EN_15_26
|
President James Madison invoked the act against British nationals during the War of 1812, and ordered them to report to local authorities in order to undertake additional duties.
|
1022.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,022
| null |
president james_madison invoke act british national war order report local authority order undertake additional duty
|
präsident james_madison berufen krieg gesetz britisch staatsangehörige befehlen lokal_behörde melden zusätzlich_aufgabe übernehmen
|
EN_15_26
|
[
0,
0.14285714551806444,
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0,
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0,
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[
23,
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[
21,
0.03571428637951611
]
] | 6
|
EN_15_27
|
President Woodrow Wilson invoked the act against nationals of the Central Powers during World War I. In 1918, an amendment to the act struck the provision restricting the law to males.
|
1023.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,023
| null |
president_woodrow wilson invoke act national central powers world war amendment act strike provision_restrict law male
|
präsident_woodrow wilson sprechen weltkrieg staatsangehörig zentralmächt änderung gesetz treffen bestimmung beschränkung gesetz mann
|
EN_15_27
|
[
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[
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[
11,
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[
9,
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],
[
15,
0.03703703676108961
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[
4,
0.03703703676108961
]
] | 23
|
EN_15_28
|
On December 7, 1941, in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt used the authority of the revised Alien Enemies Act to make presidential proclamations #2525 (Alien Enemies – Japanese), #2526 (Alien Enemies – German), and #2527 (Alien Enemies – Italian), in order to apprehend, restrain, secure, and remove Japanese, German, and Italian foreigners. However, most of the 120,000 persons of Japanese descent incarcerated in U.S. internment camps were U.S. citizens detained solely on the basis of their Japanese ancestry, under the authority of Executive Order 9066 issued by Roosevelt early in 1942. The order was issued on the basis of wartime and national defense statutes unrelated to the Alien Enemies Act, and while deployed primarily against Japanese Americans did lead to the detention of smaller numbers of U.S. citizens of German and Italian descent.
|
1024.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,024
| null |
december response bombing pearl_harbor president franklin_roosevelt authority revise alien_enemies act presidential_proclamation alien_enemies japanese alien_enemies german alien_enemies italian order apprehend restrain secure remove japanese german_italian foreigner person japanese descent incarcerate internment_camp citizen detain basis japanese ancestry authority executive_order issue roosevelt order issue basis wartime national defense statute unrelated alien_enemies act deploy japanese_americans lead detention small number citizen german_italian descent
|
dezember reaktion bombardierung pearl_harbor präsident franklin_d roosevelt nutzen autorität überarbeitet präsidentschaftswahl japanisch deutsch_italienisch japanisch deutsch_italienisch ausländer fangen zurückhalten sichern entfernen person japanisch_abstammung usa inhaftieren internierungslager bürger japanisch_abstammung autorität exekutivorden roosevelt anfang inhaftieren befehl grundlage kriegszeit national verteidigungsgesetzen alien_act linie japanisch_amerikaner einsetzen führen inhaftierung klein_anzahl bürger deutsch_italienisch abstammung
|
EN_15_28
|
[
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[
7,
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[
2,
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] | 9
|
EN_15_29
|
Hostilities with Germany and Italy ended in May 1945, and President Harry S. Truman issued presidential proclamation #2655 on July 14. The proclamation gave the attorney general authority regarding enemy aliens within the continental United States, to decide whether they are "dangerous to the public peace and safety of the United States," to order them removed, and to create regulations governing their removal, citing the Alien Enemies Act. On September 8, 1945, Truman issued presidential proclamation #2662, which authorized the secretary of state to remove enemy aliens that had been sent to the United States from Latin American countries. On April 10, 1946, Truman's proclamation #2685 modified previous proclamations, and set a 30-day deadline for removal.
|
1025.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,025
| null |
hostility germany_italy end president harry_truman issue presidential_proclamation july proclamation attorney_general authority enemy alien continental united_states decide dangerous public peace safety united_states order remove create regulation govern removal cite alien_enemies act september truman issue presidential_proclamation authorize secretary_state remove enemy alien send united_states latin american country april truman proclamation modify previous proclamation set day deadline removal
|
feindseligkeite deutschland_italien enden mai präsident harry_truman präsidentschaftswahl juli proklamation anwalt allgemein autorität bezug feindlich alien kontinental vereinigt_staat entscheiden öffentlich frieden_sicherheit vereinigt_staat befehlen vorschrift entfernung schaffen berufung alie enemies_act september truman präsidentschaftsproklamation staatssekretär ermächtigen feindlich alien vereinigt_staat lateinamerikanisch_land schicken entfernen april ändern truman proklamation früh proklamation setzen_frist abschiebung
|
EN_15_29
|
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|
EN_15_30
|
In Ludecke v. Watkins (1948), the Supreme Court interpreted the time of release under the Alien Enemies Act. German alien Kurt G. W. Lüdecke was detained on December 8, 1941, under Proclamation 2526, and continued to be held after cessation of hostilities. In 1947, Lüdecke petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus to order his release, after the attorney general ordered him deported. The court ruled 5–4 to affirm the district court and appellate decisions to deny the writ of habeas corpus. The Court also concluded that the Alien Enemies Act allowed for detainment beyond the time hostilities ceased until an actual treaty was signed with the hostile nation or government or the until the president determines that hostilities have concluded.
|
1026.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,026
| null |
ludecke watkins_supreme court_interpret time release alien_enemies act german alien kurt lüdecke detain december proclamation continue hold cessation hostility lüdecke petition writ_corpus order release attorney_general order deport court_rule affirm district_court appellate decision deny writ_corpus court conclude alien_enemies act allow detainment time hostility_cease actual treaty sign hostile nation government president determine hostility conclude
|
ludecke watkin_oberer gerichtshof interpretieren freilassung alien_enemies act deutsch alien kurt g lüdecke dezember proklamation verhaften beendigung feindseligkeite festhalten beantragt lüdeck haftstrafe habea_corpus freilassung befehlen generalstaatsanwalt deportieren gericht_entscheiden landgericht bestätigen appellier entscheidung writ habeas_corpus leugnen gericht_schluss alien_act erlauben eindämmung feindseligkeite einstellen tatsächlich vertrag unterzeichnen feindlich nation regierung präsident bestimmen feindseligkeite abschließen
|
EN_15_30
|
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12,
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|
EN_15_31
|
President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which conceded that the internment of Japanese Americans had been based on "race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership", and authorizing compensation for survivors.
|
1027.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,027
| null |
president_ronald reagan sign civil_liberties act concede internment_japanese americans base race prejudice war hysteria failure political leadership authorize compensation survivor
|
präsident_ronald reagan unterzeichnen civil_liberties act einräumen internierung_japanisch amerikaner rassenvorurteil kriegshysterie scheitern politisch führung beruhen entschädigung füar überlebend genehmigen
|
EN_15_31
|
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|
EN_15_32
|
On September 20, 2024, amid increased numbers of Venezuelan asylum seekers seeking refuge in the United States, then-nominee Donald Trump announced that if elected president for a second term he would invoke the Alien Enemies Act to expedite the removal of foreigners and criminal networks operating in the United States. On October 27, 2024, he again mentioned the Alien Enemies Act during a campaign rally held at Madison Square Garden, claiming that he would use it to remove undocumented migrants operating within gangs and criminal networks on "day one" of his presidency.
|
1028.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,028
| null |
september increase_number venezuelan asylum_seeker seek_refuge united_states nominee donald_trump announce elect president second_term invoke_alien enemies_act expedite removal foreigner criminal network operate united_states october mention alien_enemies act campaign rally hold madison_square garden information_technology remove undocumented migrant operate gang criminal network day presidency
|
september wachsend_zahl venezolanisch asylsuchend zuflucht vereinigt_staat suchen donald_trump kündigen gewählt_präsident amtszeit alien_act aufrufen entfernung ausländer kriminell netzwerke vereinigt_staat arbeiten beschleunigen oktober erwähnen alie_act kampagne kundgebung madison_square garden behaupten verwenden undokumentiert migrant entfernen bande kriminell netzwerke präsidentschaft operieren
|
EN_15_32
|
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|
EN_15_33
|
Trump repeated his intentions in his second inaugural address on January 20, 2025, and on March 14, he signed a presidential proclamation invoking the Alien Enemies Act against what he termed an invasion being perpetrated or attempted by the Venezuelan criminal gang, Tren de Aragua. The following day he authorized the deportation of Venezuelan suspected gang members to the Terrorism Confinement Center (CECOT) in El Salvador. Trump's executive order was temporarily blocked the same day by Judge James Boasberg of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, following a lawsuit, J.G.G. v. Trump, seeking to stop the deportations.
|
1029.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,029
| null |
trump repeat intention second_inaugural address january march sign presidential_proclamation invoke_alien enemies_act term invasion perpetrate attempt venezuelan criminal gang tren aragua following_day authorize deportation venezuelan suspect gang member terrorism confinement center cecot el_salvador trump executive_order block day judge james boasberg district_court district_columbia follow lawsuit_trump seek stop deportation
|
trump wiederholen absicht eröffnungsansprache januar märz unterzeichnen präsidentschaftsproklamation berufung alien_act nennen invasion begehen versuchen venezolanisch kriminell bande tren de aragua folgend genehmigen deportation venezolanischer mutmaßlich bandenmitglied cecot el_salvador trumps exekutivauftrag selber richter james boasberg usa blockieren bezirksgericht of_columbia klage trump versuchen deportation stoppen
|
EN_15_33
|
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|
EN_15_34
|
On April 7, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court vacated Judge Boasberg's temporary restraining order and held that the plaintiffs must bring the lawsuit in Texas, where they are being held, not in Washington, D.C. The court also ruled that the government must provide sufficient notice to the plaintiffs and an opportunity to challenge the deportation. The ruling did not address the constitutionality of the deportation.
|
1030.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,030
| null |
april supreme_court vacate judge boasberg temporary restraining order hold plaintiff bring lawsuit texas hold washington court_rule government sufficient notice plaintiff opportunity challenge deportation ruling address constitutionality deportation
|
april vereinigt_staat amerika oberer_gerichtshof einstweilig einstweilig_verfügung richter boasberg aufheben entscheiden kläger klage texas abhalten washington gericht_entscheiden regierung kläger bescheid geben möglichkeit abschiebung anzufechten urteil verfassungsmäßigkeit abschiebung
|
EN_15_34
|
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|
EN_15_35
|
On April 19, 2025, in a signal that the majority of justices did not trust that the Trump administration was complying with the April 7 ruling, the Supreme Court issued an emergency late-night order in A.A.R.P. v. Trump, halting the deportation process in the Northern District of Texas. According to court filings, the government intended to fly the Venezuelan detainees out of the country within 24 hours.
|
1031.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,031
| null |
april signal majority justice trust trump administration comply april ruling_supreme court issue emergency late night order trump halt deportation process northern district texas accord court filing government intend fly venezuelan detainee country hour
|
april oberer_gerichtshof signal mehrheit richter vertrauen urteil april einhalten trump stopp abschiebungsprozess nördlich bezirk texas gerichtsunterlag regierung venezolanisch gefangener stunde land fliegen
|
EN_15_35
|
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|
EN_15_36
|
Martin, Susan F. (2010). A Nation of Immigrants. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511777943. ISBN 978-0511777943. S2CID 7071386.
|
1032.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,032
| null |
martin susan nation immigrants cambridge_university press_isbn
|
martin susan nation einwanderer presse_universität cambridge
|
EN_15_36
|
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EN_15_37
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Berkin, Carol. A Sovereign People: The Crises of the 1790s and the Birth of American Nationalism (2017) pp 201–44.
|
1033.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
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Berns, Walter (1970). "Freedom of the Press and the Alien and Sedition Laws: A Reappraisal". Supreme Court Review. 1970: 109–159. doi:10.1086/scr.1970.3108724. JSTOR 3108724. S2CID 147242863.
|
1034.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
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Bird, Wendell. Criminal Dissent: Prosecutions under the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798. Harvard University Press, 2020.
|
1035.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
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Bird, Wendell. Press and Speech Under Assault: The Early Supreme Court Justices, the Sedition Act of 1798, and the Campaign Against Dissent. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 0190461624
|
1036.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
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EN_15_41
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Halperin, Terri Diane. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798: Testing the Constitution. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
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1037.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
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Jenkins, David (April 2001). "The Sedition Act of 1798 and the Incorporation of Seditious Libel into First Amendment Jurisprudence". The American Journal of Legal History. 45 (2): 154–213. doi:10.2307/3185366. JSTOR 3185366.
|
1038.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,038
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Martin, James P. (Winter 1999). "When Repression Is Democratic and Constitutional: The Federalist Theory of Representation and the Sedition Act of 1798". University of Chicago Law Review. 66 (1): 117–182. doi:10.2307/1600387. JSTOR 1600387.
|
1039.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,039
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EN_15_44
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Miller, John Chester (1951). Crisis in Freedom: The Alien and Sedition Acts. New York: Little Brown and Company.
|
1040.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,040
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Rehnquist, William H. (1994). Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson. Chase was impeached and acquitted for his conduct of a trial under the Sedition act.
|
1041.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
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Rosenfeld, Richard N. (1997). American Aurora: A Democratic-Republican Returns: The Suppressed History of Our Nation's Beginnings and the Heroic Newspaper That Tried to Report It. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312150525.
|
1042.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,042
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Smith, James Morton (1956). Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liberties. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.
|
1043.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
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EN_15_48
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Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from The Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 978-0393058802.
|
1044.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,044
| null |
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EN_15_49
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Taylor, Alan (2004). "The Alien and Sedition Acts". In Zelizer, Julian E. (ed.). The American Congress. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 63–76. ISBN 978-0618179060.
|
1045.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,045
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Wineapple, Brenda, "Our First Authoritarian Crackdown" (review of Wendell Bird, Criminal Dissent: Prosecutions under the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, Harvard University Press, 2020, 546 pp.), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVII, no. 11 (2 July 2020), pp. 39–40. Wineapple closes: "Jefferson said it all: 'I know not what mortifies me most, that I should fear to write what I think, or my country bear such a state of things.'"
|
1046.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,046
| null |
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EN_15_51
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Wright, Barry (April 2002). "Migration, Radicalism, and State Security: Legislative Initiatives in the Canada and the United States c. 1794–1804". Studies in American Political Development. 16 (1): 48–60. doi:10.1017/S0898588X02000032. S2CID 145076899.
|
1047.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
|
EN
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,047
| null |
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EN_15_52
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Zelizer, Julian E., ed. The American Congress: The Building of Democracy (Houghton Mifflin. 2004) pp. 63–76.
|
1048.0
|
The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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EN
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|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,048
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Randolph, J.W. The Virginia Report of 1799–1800, Touching the Alien and Sedition Laws; together with the Virginia Resolutions of December 21, 1798, the Debate and Proceedings thereon in the House of Delegates of Virginia, and several other documents illustrative of the report and resolutions
|
1049.0
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The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 were a set of four United States statutes that sought, on national security grounds, to restrict immigration and limit 1st Amendment protections for freedom of speech. They were endorsed by the Federalist Party of President John Adams as a response to a developing dispute with the French Republic and to related fears of domestic political subversion. The prosecution of journalists under the Sedition Act rallied public support for the opposition Democratic-Republicans, and contributed to their success in the elections of 1800. Under the new administration of Thomas Jefferson, only the Alien Enemies Act, granting the president powers of detention and deportation of foreigners in wartime or in face of a threatened invasion, remained in force.
After 1800, the surviving Alien Enemies Act was invoked three times during the course of a declared war: the War of 1812, and the First and Second World Wars. Of these three invocations, the Alien Enemies Act is best known as the legal authority behind the internment of German Americans during both World Wars, as well as internment of Italian Americans and, to a lesser extent, Japanese Americans during World War II. In March 2025, President Donald Trump invoked the Alien Enemies Act as his authority for expediting deportation of foreigners; this invocation is subject to ongoing litigation.
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Alien and Sedition Acts
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts
| 1,049
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The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
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1050.0
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The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
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The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
|
1051.0
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The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
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1052.0
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The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
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EN_16_3
|
The name is derived from the Allegheny River, which drains only a small portion of the Alleghenies in west-central Pennsylvania. The meaning of the word, which comes from the Lenape (Delaware) Native Americans, is not definitively known but is usually translated as "fine river". The closest approximation which makes sense is some context from the Jesuit Relations showing that Alligeh was one of several accepted renderings of the name of the Erie people among the early 17th century missionaries among the Native peoples throughout the eastern Great Lakes region, along with Rique, Yenresh and Erichronon. The suffix -ni means "of the," in Lenape, despite the irony that geh is also Iroquoian for "of the." So, most likely, Alligehni, or Oligini, would probably be the Lenape name for the original homeland of the Erie people.
|
1053.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,053
| null |
derive allegheny_river drain small portion alleghenies west central pennsylvania meaning_word lenape_delaware native_americans know translate fine river close approximation sense context jesuit relations alligeh accept rendering erie people early_century missionary native people eastern great_lakes region rique yenresh erichronon suffix mean lenape irony geh iroquoian likely alligehni oligini lenape original homeland erie people
|
name leiten allegheny_river alleghenie entwässern bedeutung wort ureinwohner lenape delaware regel feinfluss übersetzen nächster annäherung sinn zusammenhang jesuitenbeziehung zeigen alligeh akzeptiert wiedergabe namen erie missionar früh_jahrhundert indigen_volk östlich region see rique yenresh erichron suffix bedeuten lenape ironie geh iroquoian füare alligehni oligini name lenape ursprünglich heimat erie volk
|
EN_16_3
|
[
0.545454551550475,
0,
0.09090909192507915,
0.03030303064169305,
0.08080807922765465,
0.1111111098693477,
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0.020202019806913663,
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0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.07070706653023015,
0
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[
[
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[
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[
9,
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[
8,
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],
[
12,
0.010101009903456831
]
] | 0
|
EN_16_4
|
The word "Allegheny" was once commonly used to refer to the whole of what are now called the Appalachian Mountains. John Norton used it (spelled variously) around 1810 to refer to the mountains in Tennessee and Georgia. Around the same time, Washington Irving proposed renaming the United States either "Appalachia" or "Alleghania". In 1861, Arnold Henry Guyot published the first systematic geologic study of the whole mountain range. His map labeled the range as the "Alleghanies", but his book was titled On the Appalachian Mountain System. As late as 1867, John Muir—in his book A Thousand Mile Walk to the Gulf—used the word "Alleghanies" in referring to the southern Appalachians.
|
1054.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,054
| null |
word allegheny refer call appalachian_mountains john norton information_technology spell refer mountain tennessee georgia time washington_irving propose rename united_states appalachia alleghania arnold henry guyot publish systematic geologic study mountain_range map label range alleghanies book title appalachian_mountain system john muir book thousand mile walk gulf word alleghanies refer southern appalachians
|
wort allegheny verwenden gesamt nennen appalachian berge john norton benutzen schreiben berg tennessee georgia beziehen schlagen washington irving vereinigt_staat appalachia alleghania umzubenennen veröffentlicht arnold henry guyot systematisch geologisch studie gesamt gebirgskette karte etikettieren bereich buch appalachian_mountain system betiteln verwenden john muir buch thousand mile walk to_the gulf wort bezug südlich appalachen
|
EN_16_4
|
[
0.39603960034575797,
0,
0.18811881314446724,
0.049504950043219746,
0.019801979644758872,
0.1386138631012475,
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0.029702970398460874,
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0.009900989822379436,
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0.08910891305802775,
0,
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0,
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0
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[
[
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[
17,
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],
[
7,
0.009900989822379436
]
] | 0
|
EN_16_5
|
There was no general agreement about the "Appalachians" versus the "Alleghanies" until the late 19th century.
|
1055.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,055
| null |
general agreement appalachians alleghanies late_century
|
appalachen herrschen jahrhundert allgemein_übereinstimmung
|
EN_16_5
|
[
0.3000000052154063,
0,
0.09999999925494196,
0.19999999850988393,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
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0,
0.09999999925494196,
0,
0,
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0,
0,
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0
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[
[
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13,
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[
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[
23,
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[
2,
0.09999999925494196
]
] | 0
|
EN_16_6
|
From northeast to southwest, the Allegheny Mountains run about 300 miles (480 km). From west to east, at their widest, they are about 100 miles (160 km). When combining the Allegheny Province with the Kanawa Province, they run 400 miles (640 km).
|
1056.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,056
| null |
southwest allegheny_mountains run mile west east wide mile combine allegheny province kanawa province run mile
|
nordosten südwesten verlaufen allegheny_mountain meile westen_osten kombinieren laufen km
|
EN_16_6
|
[
0.8800000017881393,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.039999999403953546,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
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0.039999999403953546,
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[
[
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15,
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],
[
5,
0.039999999403953546
],
[
17,
0.039999999403953546
]
] | 0
|
EN_16_7
|
The USGS physiographic classification of all land in the United States lists the Allegheny Mountains as a section within the larger Appalachian Plateau province. It may be generally defined to the south by the Allegheny Front, and to the east by the Susquehanna River valley. To the west, the Alleghenies grade down into the dissected Allegheny Plateau. The westernmost ridges are considered to be the Laurel Highlands and Chestnut Ridge in Pennsylvania, and Laurel Mountain and Rich Mountain in West Virginia.
|
1057.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,057
| null |
usgs physiographic classification land united_states list allegheny_mountains section large appalachian plateau province information_technology define south allegheny east susquehanna_river valley west alleghenies grade dissected allegheny_plateau westernmost ridge consider laurel highlands chestnut ridge pennsylvania laurel mountain rich mountain west_virginia
|
usgs physiographisch klassifikation fläche vereinigt_staat listen allegheny_mountain abschnitt appalachian plateau provinz süden allegheny_front osten susquehanna_river tal definieren westen alleghenies zerfallen allegheny plateau hinabgestufen westlich grat laurel highlands chestnut ridge pennsylvania laurel mountain rich mountain west_virginia
|
EN_16_7
|
[
0.8846153806393535,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.025641026524588103,
0,
0,
0.025641026524588103,
0,
0.012820513262294051,
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0,
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[
[
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[
15,
0.012820513262294051
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[
13,
0.012820513262294051
]
] | 0
|
EN_16_8
|
Big Stone Ridge marks the southern extent of the Alleghenies and is an outlier of Flat Top Mountain, with the Tug Fork river running along its western flank. The land to the south and to the west of the Alleghenies is the Valley and Ridge physiographic province.
|
1058.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,058
| null |
big stone ridge mark southern extent alleghenies outlier flat mountain tug fork river run western flank land south west alleghenies valley ridge physiographic province
|
big stone ridge markieren südlich ausdehnung alleghenie ausreißer flat mountain tug fork fluss westlich_flanke land süden_westen alleghenies physiographisch provinz valley ridge
|
EN_16_8
|
[
0.7777777750872904,
0.0444444446100129,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02222222230500645,
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0.02222222230500645,
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0.0444444446100129,
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0.02222222230500645,
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[
[
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[
12,
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[
15,
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]
] | 0
|
EN_16_9
|
The eastern edge of the Alleghenies is marked by the Allegheny Front, which is also sometimes considered the eastern terminus of the Allegheny Plateau. This great escarpment roughly follows a portion of the Eastern Continental Divide in this area. A number of impressive gorges and valleys drain the Alleghenies: to the east, Smoke Hole Canyon (South Branch Potomac River), and to the west the New River Gorge and the Blackwater and Cheat Canyons. Thus, about half the precipitation falling on the Alleghenies makes its way west to the Mississippi and half goes east to Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic seaboard.
|
1059.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,059
| null |
eastern_edge alleghenies mark allegheny consider eastern_terminus allegheny_plateau great escarpment follow portion eastern continental divide area number impressive gorge valley drain alleghenies east smoke hole canyon south branch_potomac river west new river gorge blackwater cheat canyons precipitation fall alleghenies way mississippi half east chesapeake_bay atlantic_seaboard
|
östlich_rand alleghenium allegheny_front kennzeichnen östlich endpunkt allegheny plateaus gelten gebilde folgen gebiet reihe beeindruckend schlucht täler entwässern alleghenie osten smoke hole canyon süd branch_potomac river westen new river gorge blackwater cheat canyon hälfte niederschlag fallen führen westen mississippi hälfte osten chesapeake_bay atlantikküste
|
EN_16_9
|
[
0.8295454475605352,
0,
0,
0,
0.011363636829297656,
0,
0,
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[
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[
7,
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8,
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] | 0
|
EN_16_10
|
The highest ridges of the Alleghenies are just west of the Front, which has an east/west elevational change of up to 3,000 feet (910 m). Absolute elevations of the Allegheny Highlands reach nearly 5,000 feet (1,500 m), with the highest elevations in the southern part of the range. The highest point in the Allegheny Mountains is Spruce Knob (4,863 ft; 1,482 m), on Spruce Mountain in West Virginia. Other notable Allegheny highpoints include Thorny Flat on Cheat Mountain (4,848 ft; 1,478 m), Bald Knob on Back Allegheny Mountain (4,842 ft; 1,476 m), and Mount Porte Crayon (4,770 ft; 1,450 m), all in West Virginia; Dans Mountain (2,898 ft; 883 m) in Maryland, Backbone Mountain (3,360 ft; 1,020 m), the highest point in Maryland; Mount Davis (3,213 ft; 979 m), the highest point in Pennsylvania, and the second highest, Blue Knob (3,146 ft; 959 m).
|
1060.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,060
| null |
high ridge alleghenies west east_west elevational change foot absolute elevation allegheny highlands reach foot_high elevation southern range high point allegheny_mountains spruce knob ft spruce mountain west_virginia notable allegheny highpoint include thorny flat cheat mountain_ft bald knob allegheny_mountain mount porte crayon ft west_virginia dans mountain_ft m maryland backbone mountain_ft high point maryland mount davis ft_m high point pennsylvania second high blue knob ft
|
bergrücke alleghenium liegen front aufweisen absolut höhe allegheny highland erreichen fuß_höhe südlich bereich punkt allegheny_mountain spruce knob spruce mountain west_virginia bemerkenswert thorny flat cheat mountain knob back allegheny_mountain mount porte crayon west_virginia dans mountain maryland backbone mountain punkt maryland mount davis punkt pennsylvania zweithöchster blue knob
|
EN_16_10
|
[
0.855855856661324,
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[
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[
20,
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[
16,
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] | 0
|
EN_16_11
|
There are very few sizable cities in the Alleghenies. The four largest are (in descending order of population): Altoona, State College, Johnstown (all in Pennsylvania) and Cumberland (in Maryland). In the 1970s and '80s, the Interstate Highway System was extended into the northern portion of the Alleghenies, and the region is now served by a network of federal expressways—Interstates 80, 70/76 and 68. Interstate 64 traverses the southern extremity of the range, but the Central Alleghenies (the "High Alleghenies" of eastern West Virginia) have posed special problems for highway planners owing to the region's very rugged terrain and environmental sensitivities (see Corridor H). This region is still served by a rather sparse secondary highway system and remains considerably lower in population density than surrounding regions.
|
1061.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,061
| null |
sizable city alleghenies large descend order population altoona state college johnstown_pennsylvania cumberland_maryland interstate_highway system extend northern portion alleghenies region serve network federal expressway interstate_interstate traverse southern extremity range central alleghenies high_alleghenies eastern west_virginia pose special problem highway planner owe region rugged terrain environmental sensitivity corridor h region serve sparse secondary highway_system remain low population_density surround_region
|
stadt alleghenies absteigend reihenfolge bevölkerung altoona state college johnstown_pennsylvania cumberland_maryland interstate_highway system nördlich alleghenie ausdehnen region netz bund schnellstraßen bedienen interstat interstate durchqueren südlich extremität strecke central virginia rau geländ umweltsensitivität region besonderer problem autobahnplaner aufwerfen sehen korridor h region spärlich sekundär autobahnsystem bedienen bleiben bevölkerungsdichte umliegend_region
|
EN_16_11
|
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EN_16_12
|
In the telecommunications field, a unique impediment to development in the central Allegheny region is the United States National Radio Quiet Zone (NRQZ), a large rectangle of land—about 13,000 square miles (34,000 km2)—that straddles the border area of Virginia and West Virginia. Created in 1958 by the Federal Communications Commission, the NRQZ severely restricts all omnidirectional and high-power radio transmissions, although cell phone service is allowed throughout much of the area.
|
1062.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,062
| null |
telecommunications field unique impediment development central allegheny region united_states national radio quiet zone nrqz large rectangle land square_mile straddle_border area virginia west_virginia create federal_communications commission nrqz restrict omnidirectional high power radio_transmission cell_phone service allow area
|
bereich telekommunikation united_states national radio quiet zone nrqz einzigartig hindernis entwicklung zentral rechteck land quadratmeile grenzgebiet virginia west_virginia umspannen federal_communications commission gegründet nrqz schränken omnidirektional hochleistungsfähig funkübertragung mobilfunkdienst teil gebiet erlauben
|
EN_16_12
|
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|
EN_16_13
|
Much of the Monongahela (West Virginia), George Washington (West Virginia, Virginia) and Jefferson (Virginia) National Forests lie within the Allegheny Mountains. (No part of the wooded Alleghenies in Maryland or Pennsylvania, however, is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.) The Alleghenies also include a number of federally designated wilderness areas, such as the Dolly Sods Wilderness, Laurel Fork Wilderness, and Cranberry Wilderness in West Virginia.
|
1063.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,063
| null |
monongahela west_virginia george_washington west_virginia virginia jefferson virginia national forests lie allegheny_mountains woode alleghenies maryland pennsylvania manage forest service alleghenies include number designate wilderness area dolly_sods wilderness laurel fork wilderness cranberry wilderness west_virginia
|
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|
EN_16_13
|
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|
EN_16_14
|
The mostly completed Allegheny Trail, a project of the West Virginia Scenic Trails Association since 1975, runs the length of the range within West Virginia. The northern terminus is at the Mason–Dixon line and the southern is at the West Virginia-Virginia border on Peters Mountain.
|
1064.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,064
| null |
complete allegheny trail project west_virginia scenic trails association run length range west_virginia northern terminus mason_dixon line southern west_virginia virginia border peters mountain
|
abgeschlossen allegheny trail projekt west_virginia scenic trail association führen länge bereich west_virginia nördlich endstation liegen linie südliche west peters mountain
|
EN_16_14
|
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|
EN_16_15
|
The bedrock of the Alleghenies is mostly sandstone and metamorphosed sandstone, quartzite, which is extremely resistant to weathering. Prominent beds of resistant conglomerate can be found in some areas, such as the Dolly Sods. When it weathers, it leaves behind a pure white quartzite gravel. The rock layers of the Alleghenies were formed during the Appalachian orogeny.
|
1065.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,065
| null |
bedrock alleghenies sandstone metamorphose sandstone quartzite resistant weathering prominent bed resistant conglomerate area dolly_sods information_technology weather information_technology leave pure white quartzite gravel rock layer alleghenies form appalachian orogeny
|
grundgestein alleghenies sandstein metamorphosiert sandstein quarzit gebiet dolly_sods herausragend bett widerstandsfähig konglomerat wettern hinterlässt rein weiß quarzitkie gesteinsschicht alleghenium bilden
|
EN_16_15
|
[
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|
EN_16_16
|
Because of intense freeze-thaw cycles in the higher Alleghenies, there is little native bedrock exposed in most areas. The ground surface usually rests on a massive jumble of sandstone rocks, with air space between them, that are gradually moving down-slope. The crest of the Allegheny Front is an exception, where high bluffs are often exposed.
|
1066.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,066
| null |
intense freeze thaw cycle high allegheny little native bedrock expose area ground surface rest massive jumble sandstone rock air_space move slope crest allegheny exception high bluff expose
|
intensiv alleghenie gebiet einheimisch gestein exponiern bodenoberfläche ruhen regel massiv durcheinander sandsteingestein luft bewegen bewegen kamm allegheny_front ausnahme bluff aussetzen
|
EN_16_16
|
[
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|
EN_16_17
|
Mineral springs in the High Alleghenies attracted Native Americans and 18th century white settlers and provided a modest incentive to the local economy. The spas developing around these geological features include celebrated resorts that continue to cater to an exclusive clientele, such as The Greenbrier (White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia; hotel built 1858) and The Homestead (Hot Springs, Virginia; original lodge built 1766).
|
1067.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,067
| null |
mineral_spring high_alleghenies attract native_americans century white_settler modest incentive local economy spa develop geological feature include celebrate resort continue cater exclusive clientele greenbrier white sulphur springs west_virginia hotel build homestead hot_springs virginia original lodge build
|
mineralquell locken indianer weiß_siedler jahrhundert boten bescheiden anreiz lokal_wirtschaft thermus geologisch merkmal entwickeln gehören berühmt resort exklusiv kundschaft sorgen the greenbrier white sulphur spring west_virginia hotel_bauen the homestead hot_spring virginia original lodge bauen
|
EN_16_17
|
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|
EN_16_18
|
The High Alleghenies are noted for their forests of red spruce, balsam fir, and mountain ash, trees typically found much farther north. Hardwood forests also include yellow birch, sugar and red maple, eastern hemlock, and black cherry. American beech, pine and hickory can also be found. The forests of the entire region are now almost all second- or third-growth forests, the original trees having been removed in the late 19th and (in West Virginia) early 20th centuries. The wild onion known as the ramp (Allium tricoccum) is also present in the deeper forests.
|
1068.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,068
| null |
high_alleghenies note forest red spruce balsam fir mountain ash tree north hardwood forest include yellow birch sugar red_maple eastern hemlock black cherry american beech pine hickory forest entire region growth forest original tree remove late west_virginia early_century wild onion know ramp allium tricoccum deep forest
|
alleghenium wald rot fichte bergasche baum regel finden holzwald umfassen gelb birke zucker rot ahorn östlich saum schwarz kirsch amerikanisch buch kiefer hickory finden wald gesamt region drittwald ursprünglich baum west_virginia anfang_jahrhundert wild zwiebel rampe allium tiefeer wald
|
EN_16_18
|
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|
EN_16_19
|
Certain isolated areas in the High Alleghenies are well known for their open expanses of sphagnum bogs and heath shrubs (e.g., Dolly Sods, Cranberry Glades). Many plant communities are indeed similar to those of sea-level eastern Canada. But the ecosystems within the Alleghenies are remarkably varied. In recent decades, the many stages of ecologic succession throughout the area have made the region one of enduring interest to botanists.
|
1069.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,069
| null |
certain isolated area high_alleghenies known open expanse sphagnum bog heath shrub dolly_sods cranberry glades plant community similar sea_level eastern canada ecosystem alleghenies varied recent_decade stage ecologic succession area region endure interest botanist
|
isoliert gebiet alleghenie weite heidesträucher dolly_sods cranberry glad pflanzengemeinschaft östlich kanada see ökosystem alleghenie letzter_jahrzehnt phase ökologisch nachfolge gesamt region region anhaltend interesse botaniker
|
EN_16_19
|
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|
EN_16_20
|
The larger megafauna which once inhabited the High Alleghenies—elk, bison, mountain lion—were all exterminated during the 19th century. They survived longer in this area, however, than in other parts of the eastern United States. Naturalist John James Audubon reported that by 1851 a few eastern elk (Cervus canadensis canadiensis) could still be found in the Alleghany Mountains but that by then they were virtually gone from the remainder of their range. Mammals in the Allegheny region today include whitetail deer, chipmunk, raccoon, skunk, groundhog, opossum, weasel, field mouse, flying squirrel, cottontail rabbit, gray foxes, red foxes, gray squirrels, red squirrels and a cave bat. Bobcat, snowshoe hare, wild boar and black bear and coyote are also found in the forests and parks of the Alleghenies. Mink and beaver are much less often seen.
|
1070.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,070
| null |
large megafauna inhabit high_alleghenies elk bison mountain lion exterminate century survive area part eastern united_states naturalist john james_audubon report eastern elk cervus canadensis canadiensis alleghany mountains remainder range mammal allegheny region today include whitetail deer chipmunk raccoon skunk groundhog opossum weasel field mouse fly squirrel cottontail rabbit gray fox red_fox gray squirrel red squirrel cave bat bobcat snowshoe hare wild_boar black bear coyote forest park alleghenies mink beaver see
|
megafauna hohen alleghenium bewohnt elch bison berglöwe jahrhundert ausrotten überleben gebiet teil östlich vereinigt_staat naturforscher john james_audubon berichten östlich elche cervus canadensis canadiensis finden rest verbreitungsgebiet verschwinden säugetiere region allegheny gehören weißschwanzhirsche spanhuhn waschbär skunk groundhog opossum wiesel feldmaus fliegend eichhörnchen baumwollschwanzkaninchen grau füchse rot füchse grau eichhörnchen rot eichhörnchen höhle fledermaus bobcat schneeschuhhase wildschwein schwarzbär kojot wald park alleghenies finden nerz biber sehen
|
EN_16_20
|
[
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1,
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[
12,
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|
EN_16_21
|
These mountains and plateau have over 20 species of reptiles represented as lizard, skink, turtle and snake. Some of the icterid birds visit the mountains as well as the hermit thrush and wood thrush. North American migrant birds live throughout the mountains during the warmer seasons. Occasionally, osprey and eagles can be found nesting along the streams. The hawks and owls are the most common birds of prey.
|
1071.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,071
| null |
mountain plateau specie reptile represent lizard skink turtle snake icterid bird visit mountain hermit thrush wood thrush north american migrant bird live mountain warm season osprey eagle nest stream hawk owl common bird prey
|
berg hochebene reptilienarte eidechse skink schildkröte schlange darstellen icteridvögel besuchen berg einsiedlerdrossel holzdrossel nordamerikanisch zugvögel leben wärm jahreszeit berg finden fischadler adler bach brüten falke eul häufig raubvögel
|
EN_16_21
|
[
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5,
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|
EN_16_22
|
The water habitats of the Alleghenies hold 24 families of fish. Amphibian species number about 21, among them hellbenders, lungless salamanders, and various toads and frogs. The Alleghenies provide habitat for about 54 species of common invertebrate. These include Gastropoda, slugs, leech, earthworms and grub worm. Cave crayfish (Cambarus nerterius) live alongside a little over seven dozen cave invertebrates.
|
1072.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,072
| null |
water habitat alleghenies hold family fish amphibian specie number hellbender lungless salamander toad frog alleghenies habitat specie common invertebrate include gastropoda slug leech earthworm grub worm cave crayfish cambarus nerterius live little dozen cave invertebrate
|
wasserhabitate alleghenium halten fischfamilie amphibienart zählen höllenböck lunglos salamand verschieden kröte frösch alleghenie bieten lebensraum art gemeinsam wirbellose gehören gastropoda schnecke lauch regenwürmer grubwurm höhlenkrebse cambarus nerterius leben dutzend höhlenwirbeltier
|
EN_16_22
|
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4,
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|
EN_16_23
|
The indigenous people inhabiting the Allegheny Mountains emerged from the greater region's archaic and mound building cultures, particularly the Adena and Eastern Woodland peoples with a later Hopewellian influence. These Late Middle Woodland culture people have been called the Montaine (c. A.D. 500 to 1000) culture. Their neighbors, the woodland Buck Garden culture, lived in the western valleys of the central Allegheny range. The Montaine sites extend from the tributaries of the upper Potomac River region south to the New River tributaries. These also were influenced by the earlier Armstrong culture of the more southwestern portions northern sub-range of the Ouasioto (Cumberland) Mountains and by the more easterly Virginia Woodland people. The Late Woodland Montaine were less influenced by Hopewellian trade from Ohio, although similarly polished stone tools have been found among the Montaine sites in the Tygart Valley. Small groups of Montaine people appear to have lingered much beyond their classically defined period in parts of the most mountainous valleys.
|
1073.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,073
| null |
indigenous_people inhabit allegheny_mountains emerge great region archaic mound building culture adena eastern woodland people later hopewellian influence late middle woodland culture people call montaine culture neighbor woodland buck garden culture live western valley central allegheny range montaine site extend tributary upper_potomac river region new river_tributary influence early armstrong culture southwestern portion northern range ouasioto cumberland_mountains easterly virginia woodland people late_woodland montaine influence hopewellian trade ohio polished stone tool montaine site tygart_valley small group montaine people appear linger define period part mountainous valley
|
indigen bewohner allegheny_mountain entstammen archaisch hügelig baukultur region east mensch montain kultur nachbar wald buck garden kultur leben westlich täler zentral allegheny bereich erstrecken nebenflüsse oberer nebenflüsse new river früh südwestlicher teil nördlich teil ouasioto cumberland_mountain östlicher virginia woodland mensch beeinflussen late woodland montaine hopewellian handel ohio beeinflussen poliert steinwerkzeug montaine standort tygart_valley finden gruppe montaine mensch scheinen definiert periode teil bergigst tal verweilen
|
EN_16_23
|
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|
EN_16_24
|
The watershed of the Monongahela River is within the northwestern Alleghenies, and it is from it that the Monongahela culture takes its name. The Godwin-Portman site (36AL39) located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, had a possible Fort Ancient (c. AD 850 to 1680) presence during the 15th century. Washington Boro ceramics have been found on the Barton (18AG3) and Llewellyn (18AG26) sites in Maryland on the northeastern slopes of the late Susquehannock sequence. The early Monongahela (c. AD 900 to 1630) are called the Drew Tradition in Pennsylvania. According to archeologist Richard L. George: "I believe that some of the Monongahela were of Algonquin origin.... Other scholars have suggested that Iroquoian speakers were interacting with Late Monongahela people, and additional evidence is presented to confirm this. I conclude that the archaeologically conceived term, Monongahela, likely encompasses speakers of several languages, including Siouan." According to Dr Maslowski of West Virginia in 2009: "The New River Drainage and upper Potomac represents the range of the Huffman Phase (Page) hunting and gathering area or when it is found in small amounts on village sites, trade ware or Page women being assimilated into another village (tribe)." Finally, according to Prof Potter of Virginia, they [the people represented by the Huffman Phase of Page pottery] had occupied the eastern slopes of the Alleghenies on the upper Potomac to the northern, lower Shenandoah Valley region before the A.D. 1300 Luray phase (Algonquian) peoples' "invasion". It is thought that these ancient Alleghenians were pushed from the classic Huffman Phase of the eastern slopes of the Alleghenies to the Blue Ridge Mountains in western Virginia, which was eastern Siouan territory.
|
1074.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,074
| null |
watershed monongahela_river northwestern alleghenies information_technology information_technology monongahela culture godwin portman site locate allegheny county pennsylvania possible fort ancient ad presence century washington boro ceramic barton llewellyn site maryland northeastern slope late susquehannock sequence early monongahela ad call drew tradition pennsylvania accord archeologist richard george believe monongahela algonquin origin scholar_suggest iroquoian speaker interact late monongahela people additional evidence confirm conclude conceive term monongahela likely encompass speaker language include siouan accord dr maslowski west_virginia new river_drainage upper_potomac represent range huffman_phase page hunting gather area information_technology small_amount village site trade ware page woman assimilate village tribe accord prof potter virginia people represent huffman_phase page pottery occupy eastern_slope alleghenies upper_potomac northern low shenandoah_valley region luray phase algonquian people invasion information_technology think ancient alleghenians push classic huffman_phase eastern_slope alleghenies blue_ridge mountains western virginia eastern siouan territory
|
wasserscheide monongahela flusses nordwestlich alleghenie monongahela kultur name nehmen website allegheny county pennsylvania fort ancient ad anwesenheit jahrhundert washington boro keramik barton llewellyn standort maryland nordöstlich hang spät susquehannock sequenz finden früh monongahela ad drew tradition pennsylvania nennen archäologe richard george glauben monongahela algonquin stammen wissenschaftler_vorschlagen iroquoian sprecher interagieren spät monongahela mensch zusätzlich beweis_vorlegen bestätigen schlussfolgeren konzipiert begriff monongahela sprecher_sprache umfasst siouan maslowski west_virginia new river drainage potomac repräsentieren reichweite huffman_phase page sammelgebiet menge dorfstandort finden handel ware page frau dorf tribe assimiliern potter virginia mensch huffman_phase of page keramik vertreten östlich häng alleghenie oberer potomac nördlich unterer shenandoah_valley ad besetzen phase algonquianisch volk invasion annehmen alt alleghenier klassisch huffman_phase östlich häng alleghenie blue_ridge mountain west_virginia östlich siouan gebiet schieben
|
EN_16_24
|
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|
EN_16_25
|
In 1669, John Lederer and members of his party became the first Europeans to crest the Blue Ridge Mountains and the first to see the Shenandoah Valley and the Allegheny Mountains beyond.
|
1075.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,075
| null |
john lederer member party europeans crest blue_ridge mountains shenandoah_valley allegheny_mountains
|
john lederer mitglied partei europäer blue_ridge mountain shenandoah_valley allegheny_mountain sehen
|
EN_16_25
|
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EN_16_26
|
The proto-historic Alleghenies can be exampled by the earliest journals of the colonists. According to Batts and Fallows' September, 1671 Expedition, they found Mehetan Indians of Mountain "Cherokee-Iroquois" mix on the New River tributaries. This journal does not identify the "Salt Village", but, that the "Mehetan" were associated with these and today thought to be "Monetons", Siouans. However, this journal does not identify the "Salt Village" below the Kanawha Falls, but, that simply the "Mehetan" were associated with these. He explained, below the "Salt Villages", a mass of hostile Indians had, implied, arrived and some believe these to be "Shanwans" of Vielles Expedition of 1692~94, ancient Shawnee. In 1669, John Lederer of Maryland for the Virginia Colony and the Tennessee Cherokee had visited the mouth of the Kanawha and reported no hostilities on the lower streams of the Alleghenies. The Mohetan representative through a Siouan translator explained to Mr Batts and Mr Fallon, Colonel Abraham Woods explorers 1671–2, that he (Moheton Native American) could not say much about the people below the "Salt Village" because they (Mountain Cherokee) were not associated with them. The Mohetan was armed by this time of 1671 for the Mohetan Representative was given several pouches of ammunition for his and the other's weapons as a token of friendship. Somebody had already been trading within the central Alleghenies before the Virginians historical record begins in the Allegheny Mountains. Some earlier scholars found evidence these Proto-historics were either Cistercians of Spanish Ajacan Occuquan outpost on the Potomac River or Jesuits and their Kahnawake Praying Indians (Mohawk) on the Riviere de la Ronceverte. The "Kanawha Madonna" may date from this period or earlier. Where the New River breaks through Peters' Mountain, near Pearisburg Virginia the 1671 journal mentions the "Moketans had formerly lived".
|
1076.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,076
| null |
proto historic alleghenies example early colonist accord batts fallow september expedition mehetan indians mountain cherokee iroquois mix new river_tributary identify salt_village mehetan associate today think moneton siouans identify salt_village kanawha falls mehetan associate explain salt villages mass hostile indians imply arrive believe shanwans vielles expedition ancient shawnee john lederer maryland virginia colony tennessee cherokee visit mouth kanawha report hostility low stream alleghenies mohetan representative siouan translator explain mr batts mr fallon colonel abraham woods explorer moheton native_american people salt_village mountain cherokee associate mohetan arm time mohetan representative pouch ammunition weapon token friendship trade central alleghenies virginians historical_record begin allegheny_mountains early scholar evidence proto historic cistercians spanish ajacan occuquan outpost potomac_river jesuits kahnawake praying indians mohawk riviere la ronceverte kanawha madonna date period new river break peters mountain pearisburg virginia mention moketans live
|
alleghenie frühest zeitschrift kolonist batt and fallow september expedition finden mehetan indianer mountain mischung new river nebenflüssen zeitschrift identifizieren salt_village mehetan verbinden siouan zeitschrift identifizieren salt_village kanawha mehetan erklären salt villag masse feindlich indianer andeuten ankommen glauben shanwan vielles expedition alt shawnee besuchen john lederer maryland_virginia colony tennessee cherokee mündung kanawha melden feindseligkeite unterer bäche alleghenies vertreter mohetan siouan übersetzer erklären herr batt herr fallon oberst abraham woods forscher moheton native_american mensch salt_village sagen berg cherokee verbinden mohetan mohetan vertreter bewaffnet beutel munition_waffe zeichen freundschaft zentral alleghenie handeln virginian historisch rekord beginnen allegheny_mountain früh gelehrt finden beweis zisterzienser spanisch ajacan occuquan außenpost potomac_river jesuit kahnawake praying indianer mohawk roncevert kanawha madonna stammen new river peters mountain brechen nähe pearisburg virginia erwähnen journal moketan leben
|
EN_16_26
|
[
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8,
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|
EN_16_27
|
According to a number of early 17th century maps, the Messawomeake or "Mincquas" (Dutch) occupied the northern Allegheny Mountains. The "Shatteras" (an ancient Tutelo) occupied the Ouasioto Mountains and the earliest term Canaraguy (Kanawhans otherwise Canawest) on the 1671 French map occupied the southerly Alleghenies. They were associated with the Allegheny "Cherokee" and Eastern Siouan as trade-movers and canoe transporters. The Calicuas, an ancient most northern Cherokee, migrated or was pushed from the Central Ohio Valley onto the north eastern slopes of the Alleghenies of the ancient Messawomeake, Iroquois tradesmen to 1630s Kent Island, by 1710 maps. Sometime before 1712, the Canawest ("Kanawhans"-"Canallaway"-"Canaragay") had moved to the upper Potomac and made a Treaty with the newly established trading post of Fort Conolloway which would become a part of western Maryland during the 1740s.
|
1077.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,077
| null |
accord number early_century map messawomeake mincquas dutch occupy northern allegheny_mountains shatteras ancient tutelo occupy ouasioto mountains early term canaraguy kanawhans canawest french map occupy southerly alleghenies associate allegheny cherokee eastern siouan trade mover canoe transporter calicuas ancient northern cherokee migrate push central ohio_valley north eastern_slope alleghenies ancient messawomeake iroquois tradesman kent island map canawest move upper_potomac treaty establish trading_post fort conolloway western maryland
|
reihe karte früh_jahrhundert besetzen messawomeake nördlich allegheny_mountain shatteras alt tutelo besetzen frühe bezeichnung canaraguy kanawhan canawest französisch karte besetzt südlich alleghenie allegheny cherokee eastern siouan verbinden calicua alt nördlich cherokee wanderen central ohio_valley nordöstlich häng alleghenies alt messawomeake irokesenhändler kent island karte schieben canawest oberer potomac ziehen vertrag gegründet handelspost fort conolloway westlich maryland
|
EN_16_27
|
[
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|
EN_16_28
|
Prior to European exploration and settlement, trails through the Alleghenies had been transited for many generations by American Indian tribes such as the Iroquois, Shawnee, Delaware, Catawba and others, for purposes of trade, hunting and, especially, warfare. Western Virginia "Cherokee" were reported at Cherokee Falls, today's Valley Falls of the Tygart Valley. Indian trader Charles Poke's trading post dates from 1731 with the Calicuas of Cherokee Falls still in the region from the previous century.
|
1078.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,078
| null |
european_exploration settlement trail alleghenies transit generation american indian_tribe iroquois shawnee_delaware catawba purpose trade hunt warfare western virginia cherokee report cherokee falls today valley falls tygart_valley indian trader charles poke trading_post date calicuas cherokee falls region previous century
|
europäisch erkundung ansiedlung weg alleghenie generation amerikanisch indianerstämme irokese shawnee_delaware catawba kriegszweck durchqueren western virginia cherokee cherokee heutig valley tygart_valley berichten handelspost indisch händler charles poke stammen calicuas of cherokee region vorig jahrhundert leben
|
EN_16_28
|
[
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4,
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|
EN_16_29
|
The "London Scribes" (The Crown's taxation records) vaguely mentions the colonial Alleghenian location of only a few other early colonial trading locations. A general knowledge of these few outposts are more of traditional telling of some local people. However, an example is the "Van Metre" trading house mentioned in an earlier edition of the "Wonderful West Virginia Magazine" being on the South Branches of the upper reaches of the Potomac. Another very early trading house appears on a lower Greenbrier Valley map during the earlier decades of the 18th century.
|
1079.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,079
| null |
london scribes crown taxation record mention colonial alleghenian location early colonial trading location general knowledge outpost traditional telling local people example van metre trading house mention early edition wonderful west_virginia magazine south branches upper reach potomac early trading house appear low greenbrier valley map early decade_century
|
london scribes the taxation record erwähnen kolonial alleghenischen standort früh kolonial handelsstandorten allgemein wissen außenpost traditionell erzählen lokal mensch handelshaus van metre früh ausgabe wonderful west_virginia magazine südzweig oberer teil potomac erwähnen früh handelshaus erscheinen unterer greenbrier valley karte früh jahrzehnt_jahrhundert
|
EN_16_29
|
[
0.22784809937959982,
0,
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0,
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[
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[
23,
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|
EN_16_30
|
As early as 1719, new arrivals from Europe began to cross the lower Susquehanna River and settle illegally in defiance of the Board of Property in Pennsylvania, on un-warranted land of the northeastern drainage rivers of the Allegheny Mountains. Several Indian Nations requested the removal of "Maryland Intruders". Some of these moved onward as territory opened up beyond the Alleghenies.
|
1080.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,080
| null |
new arrival europe begin cross low susquehanna_river settle defiance board property pennsylvania un warranted land northeastern drainage river allegheny_mountains indian nations request removal maryland intruders move territory open allegheny
|
beginnen neuankömmling europa unterer susquehanna_river überqueren missachtung board_of property pennsylvania_niederlassen unberechtigt land nordöstlich entwässerungsflüß allegheny_mountain indisch nation fordern entfernung maryland eindringlingen ziehen gebiet alleghenium öffnen
|
EN_16_30
|
[
0.6226415038108826,
0.03773584961891174,
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0,
0,
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0,
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|
EN_16_31
|
The first permanent European settlers west of the Alleghenies have traditionally been considered to have been two New Englanders: Jacob Marlin and Stephen Sewell, who arrived in the Greenbrier Valley in 1749. They built a cabin together at what would become Marlinton, West Virginia, but after disputing over religion, Sewell moved into a nearby hollowed-out sycamore tree. In 1751, surveyor John Lewis (father of Andrew Lewis) discovered the pair. Sewell eventually settled on the eastern side of Sewell Mountain, near present-day Rainelle, West Virginia. They may well have been the first to settle what was then called the "western waters"—i.e., in the regions where streams flowed westward to the Gulf of Mexico rather than eastward to the Atlantic.
|
1081.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,081
| null |
permanent european_settler alleghenies consider new_englanders jacob marlin stephen sewell world_health organization arrive greenbrier valley build cabin marlinton west_virginia dispute religion sewell move nearby hollow sycamore tree surveyor john lewis father andrew lewis pair sewell settle eastern sewell mountain day rainelle west_virginia settle call western region stream flow gulf_mexico atlantic
|
permanent europäisch_siedler alleghenie gelten new jacob marlin stephen sewell greenbrier valley eintreffen bauen hütte marlinton west_virginia streit religion sewell ziehen gelegen ausgehöhlt sycamore baum entdecken vermesser john lewis vater andrew lewis paar_lassen östlich seite sewell mountain heutig rainelle west_virginia westlich gewässer bezeichnen region strom golf_mexiko atlantik strömen
|
EN_16_31
|
[
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[
21,
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[
8,
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] | 0
|
EN_16_32
|
Among the first whites to penetrate into the Allegheny Mountains were surveyors attempting to settle a dispute over the extent of lands belonging to either Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron or to the English Privy Council. An expedition of 1736 by John Savage established the location of the source of the North Branch Potomac River. In March 1742, a frontiersman named John Howard—along with his son and others—had been commissioned by Governor Gooch to explore the southwest of Virginia as far as the Mississippi River. Following Cedar Creek through the Natural Bridge, they floated in buffalo-skin boats down the New, Coal, Kanawha, and Ohio Rivers to the Mississippi. Although captured by the French before he reached Natchez, Howard was eventually released and (in 1745) was interviewed by Fairfax. Howard's description of the South Branch Potomac River resulted in the definite decision by Fairfax to secure his lands in the region. An expedition under Peter Jefferson and Thomas Lewis in the following year emplaced the "Fairfax Stone" at the source of the North Branch and established a line of demarcation (the "Fairfax Line") extending from the stone south-east to the headwaters of the Rappahannock River. Lewis' journal of that expedition provides a valuable view of the Allegheny country before its settlement. Jefferson and Joshua Fry's "Fry-Jefferson Map" of 1751 accurately depicted the Alleghenies for the first time. In the following decades, pioneer settlers arrived in the Alleghenies, especially during Colonial Virginia's Robert Dinwiddie era (1751–58). These included squatters by the Quit-rent Law. Some had preceded the official surveyors using a "hack on the tree and field of corn" marking land ownership approved by the Virginia Colonial Governor who had to be replaced with Governor John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore.
|
1082.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,082
| null |
white penetrate allegheny_mountains surveyor attempt settle_dispute extent land belong thomas_fairfax lord_fairfax cameron english privy_council expedition john savage establish location source north branch_potomac river march frontiersman name john howard son commission governor gooch explore southwest virginia mississippi_river follow cedar creek natural bridge float buffalo skin boat new coal kanawha ohio rivers mississippi capture french reach natchez howard release interview fairfax howard description south branch_potomac river result definite decision fairfax secure land region expedition peter jefferson thomas lewis following_year emplace fairfax stone source north branch establish line demarcation fairfax line extend stone south east headwater rappahannock_river lewis expedition valuable view allegheny country settlement jefferson joshua fry fry jefferson map depict alleghenies time following_decade pioneer settler arrive allegheny colonial virginia robert_dinwiddie era include squatter quit rent law official surveyor hack tree field corn mark land_ownership approve virginia colonial governor world_health organization replace governor john_murray earl_dunmore
|
weiße allegheny_mountain eindringen vermesser versuchen streit ausmaß länderei lösen thomas_fairfax lord_fairfax cameron englisch privy_council gehören expedition john savage etablieren standort quelle north_branch potomac_river märz grenzgänger john howard sohn gouverneur gooch beauftragen südwesten virginia mississippi_river erkunden cedar creek natural bridge schweben büffelfellboot new coal kanawha ohio_river mississippi franzose nehmen natchez erreichen howard freilassen fairfax interviewen howard beschreibung south_branch potomac_river führen definitiv entscheidung fairfax land region sichern expedition peter jefferson thomas lewis folgend platzieren fairfax_stone quelle north_branch errichten linie abgrenzung fairfax line stein quell rappahannock_river erstrecken lewis tagebuch expedition bieten wertvoll blick allegheny land siedlung jefferson joshua map stellen alleghenie folgend_jahrzehnt alleghenie ära kolonial virginia robert_dinwiddie gehören hausbesetzer gesetz offiziell vermesser hack baum feld mais markierung landbesitz genehmigen virginia colonial gouverneur gouverneur john_murray ersetzen earl_of dunmore
|
EN_16_32
|
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EN_16_33
|
Trans-Allegheny travel had been facilitated when a military trail—Braddock Road—was blazed and opened by the Ohio Company in 1751. (It followed an earlier Indian and pioneer trail known as Nemacolin's Path.) Braddock Road connected Cumberland, Maryland (the upper limit of navigation on the Potomac River) and the forks of the Ohio River (the future Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). It received its name from the British leader of the French and Indian War (1754–63), General Edward Braddock, who led the ill-fated Braddock expedition four years later.
|
1083.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,083
| null |
trans allegheny travel facilitate military trail braddock_road blaze open ohio_company information_technology follow early indian pioneer trail know nemacolin path braddock_road connect cumberland_maryland upper limit navigation_potomac river fork_ohio river future pittsburgh_pennsylvania information_technology receive british leader french_indian war general edward_braddock world_health organization lead fate braddock_expedition year
|
erleichtern militärweg braddock_road ohio_company eröffnen folgen früh indisch pionierweg nemacolin pfad braddock_road verband cumberland_maryland grenze navigation_potomac river gabel_ohio river zukünftig pittsburgh_pennsylvania name erhalten britisch führer französisch_indisch krieg general edward_braddock unglücklich leiten
|
EN_16_33
|
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|
EN_16_34
|
In addition to the war, hunting and trading with Indians were primary motivations for white movement across the mountains. Permanent white settlement of the northern Alleghenies was facilitated by the explorations and stories of such noted Marylanders as the Indian fighter and trader Thomas Cresap (1702–90) and the backwoodsman and hunter Meshach Browning (1781–1859). In the late 18th century, a massive migration to the Monongahela River basin took place over three main routes: along the old Braddock Road via Winchester, Virginia; through the Shenandoah Valley to the head of the Cheat River and from there to the Monongahela; and along the Lincoln Highway to Ligonier, Pennsylvania, and thence along Jacob's Creek to the Monongahela. These immigrants were predominantly Scotch-Irish, German, and, to a lesser extent, British stock.
|
1084.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,084
| null |
addition war hunting trading indians primary motivation white movement mountain permanent white settlement northern alleghenies facilitate exploration story note marylanders indian fighter trader thomas cresap backwoodsman hunter meshach browning late_century massive migration monongahela_river basin place main route old braddock_road winchester virginia shenandoah_valley head cheat river monongahela lincoln highway ligonier pennsylvania jacob creek monongahela immigrant scotch_irish german less_extent british stock
|
krieg jagd handel indianer hauptmotive weiß bewegung berg permanent weiß besiedlung nördlich allegheni erkundung geschichte marylander indisch kämpfer händler thomas cresap hinterwäldler jäger mesach browning erleichtern spät_jahrhundert finden massiv wanderung flussbeck monongahela_river hauptrout alt braddock_road winchester virginia shenandoah_valley kopf cheat river monongahela lincoln highway ligonier pennsylvania creek monongahela einwanderer deutsch geringer_maß britisch aktie
|
EN_16_34
|
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EN_16_35
|
The Braddock Road was superseded by the Cumberland Road—also called the National Road—one of the first major improved highways in the United States to be built by the federal government. Construction began in 1811 at Cumberland and the road reached Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia) on the Ohio River in 1818. Just to the south, the state-funded Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike was constructed to provide a direct route for the settlements of the Shenandoah Valley to the Ohio River by way of the Tygart Valley and Little Kanawha Rivers. Planned and approved in 1826 and completed in 1848, the Staunton and Parkersburg was maintained by fees (tolls) collected at toll houses placed at regular intervals.
|
1085.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,085
| null |
braddock_road supersede cumberland road call national road major improved highway united_states build federal_government construction begin cumberland road reach wheeling virginia west_virginia ohio_river south state fund staunton_parkersburg turnpike construct direct route settlement shenandoah_valley ohio_river way tygart_valley little kanawha rivers plan approve complete staunton_parkersburg maintain fee toll collect_toll house place regular_interval
|
braddock_road cumberland road national road nennen ablösen verbessert autobahn vereinigt_staat bundesregierung bauen bau beginnen cumberland straße erreichen wheeling virginia west_virginia ohio_river süden finanziert staunton_parkersburg turnpike bauen tygart_valley little kanawha_river direkt route siedlung shenandoah_valley ohio_river bieten planen genehmigen abschließen staunton_parkersburg gebühr maut sammeln mauthaus regelmäßig_abstand
|
EN_16_35
|
[
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EN_16_36
|
Construction on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began at Baltimore in 1828; the B&O traversed the Alleghenies, changing the economy and society of the Mountains forever. The B&O had reached Martinsburg, (West) Virginia by May 1842, Hancock, (West) Virginia, by June, Cumberland, Maryland, on November 5, 1842, Piedmont, (West) Virginia on July 21, 1851, and Fairmont, (West) Virginia on June 22, 1852. (It finally reached its Ohio River terminus at Wheeling, (West) Virginia on January 1, 1853.)
|
1086.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,086
| null |
construction baltimore ohio_railroad begin baltimore traverse alleghenies change economy society mountains reach martinsburg west_virginia hancock west_virginia june cumberland_maryland november piedmont west_virginia july fairmont west_virginia june information_technology reach ohio_river terminus wheeling west_virginia january
|
bau baltimore and ohio_railroad beginnen baltimore durchquern verändern wirtschaft gesellschaft berg november cumberland_maryland piemont west_virginia januar wheeling virginia leichtathlet
|
EN_16_36
|
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EN_16_37
|
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal — also begun in 1828, but at Georgetown — was also a public work of enormous economic and social significance for the Alleghenies. It approached Hancock, Maryland, by 1839. From the beginning, the B&O Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal operated in bitter legal and commercial competition with one another as they vied for rights to the narrow strips of land along the Potomac. When the Canal finally reached Cumberland in 1850, the Railroad had already arrived eight years before. Debt-ridden, the Canal company dropped its plan to continue construction of the next 180 miles (290 km) of the Canal into the Ohio Valley. The company had long realized—especially with the difficult experience of digging the Paw Paw Tunnel—that the original plan of construction over the mountains and all the way down the Youghiogheny River to Pittsburgh was "wildly unrealistic".
|
1087.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,087
| null |
chesapeake_ohio canal begin georgetown public work enormous economic_social significance alleghenies information_technology approach hancock maryland beginning railroad chesapeake_ohio canal operate bitter legal commercial competition vie right narrow strip land potomac canal reach cumberland railroad arrive year debt ride canal company drop plan continue construction mile canal ohio_valley company realize_difficult experience dig paw paw tunnel original plan construction mountain way youghiogheny river pittsburgh unrealistic
|
chesapeake_ohio canal georgetown beginnen öffentlich werk wirtschaftlich_sozial bedeutung näheren hancock maryland anfang betreiben railroad chesapeake_ohio canal bitter rechtlich kommerziell wettbewerb schmal landstreifen potomac kämpfen kanal cumberland erreichen eisenbahn ankommen firma canal plan fallen bau nächster meile kanal ohio_valley fortsetzen unternehmen erkennen_schwierig erfahrung graben paw paw tunnel ursprünglich bauplan berg weg youghiogheny river pittsburgh
|
EN_16_37
|
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EN_16_38
|
Public works financed at the state level were not lacking during this period. The Main Line of Public Works was a transportation network project built between 1826 and 1834 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It created a railroad and canal system across southern Pennsylvania between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, intended to transport freight (notably including anthracite coal) and people with greater reliability, speed and capacity. The Main Line of Public Works included the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, the Allegheny Portage Railroad and the Pennsylvania Canal system.
|
1088.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,088
| null |
public work finance state level lack period main line public_works transportation network project build commonwealth pennsylvania information_technology create railroad canal system southern pennsylvania philadelphia pittsburgh intend transport freight include anthracite coal people great reliability speed capacity main line public_works include philadelphia columbia railroad allegheny portage railroad pennsylvania canal system
|
öffentlich arbeit staatlich_ebene finanzieren fehlen zeitraum main line of verkehrsnetzprojekt commonwealth_of pennsylvania bauen schaffen kanalsystem philadelphia pittsburgh güterverkehr anthrazitkohl mensch zuverlässigkeit geschwindigkeit kapazität transportieren hauptstrecke öffentlich arbeit umfassen philadelphia and columbia railroad allegheny portage railroad pennsylvania canal system
|
EN_16_38
|
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|
EN_16_39
|
Lying astride the border separating the Union and Confederacy, the Alleghenies were among the areas most directly affected by the American Civil War (1861–1865). One of the earliest campaigns of the War was fought for control of the Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike and for the access it provided to the B&O Railroad. The Battle of Rich Mountain (July 11, 1861) gave the Federals control of the turnpike, of Tygart's Valley, and of all of the territory of western Virginia to the north and west, including the railroad. (Union General George McClellan's victory in this theater would ultimately bring him promotion to commander the Army of the Potomac.) The Federals fortified at Cheat Summit, and the Confederates established strongholds at Camp Bartow and Camp Allegheny. Here they faced each other warily through the fall of 1861 and the following winter. General Robert E. Lee's attempt to attack Cheat Summit Fort (September 12–15, 1861) and Federal attempts to attack Bartow and Allegheny, all failed to change the strategic stalemate. Finally, the harsh, high elevation winter achieved what the troops had failed to accomplish, and in the spring of 1862 both armies moved on down the pike to the Battle of McDowell (May 8, 1862), and then on to fight what became General Stonewall Jackson's Shenandoah Valley Campaign (spring 1862). Two years later, much of this contested area (along with much else) became part of the new state of West Virginia. The very rugged terrain of the Alleghenies was not at all amenable to a large-scale maneuver war and so the actions that the area witnessed for the remainder of the conflict were generally guerrilla in nature.
|
1089.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,089
| null |
lie border separate union confederacy alleghenies area affect american civil_war early campaign war fight control staunton_parkersburg turnpike access information_technology railroad battle rich mountain july federals control turnpike tygart_valley territory western virginia north west include railroad union general george mcclellan victory theater bring promotion commander army potomac federal fortify cheat summit confederates establish stronghold camp bartow camp allegheny face fall follow winter general robert_lee attempt attack cheat summit fort september federal attempt attack bartow allegheny fail change strategic stalemate harsh high_elevation winter achieve troop fail accomplish spring army move pike battle mcdowell fight general stonewall_jackson shenandoah_valley campaign spring year contested area new state west_virginia rugged terrain alleghenies amenable large_scale maneuver war action area witness remainder conflict guerrilla nature
|
alleghenie gehören gebiet amerikanisch_bürgerkrieg betreffen frühest kampagne krieg kontrolle staunton_parkersburg turnpike zugang railroad schlacht rich mountain juli federal kontrolle turnpike valley gesamt territorium west_virginia norden_westen eisenbahn sieg union general george_mcclellan theater beförderung kommandeur führen bundeswehr befestigen cheat summit konföderiert errichtet hochburg camp bartow camp allegheny begegnen herbst folgend winter allgemein robert_e versuch cheat summit fort september angreifen bundesversuche bartow allegheny angreifen scheitern veränderung strategisch stillstands erreichen hart_winter truppe schaffen frühjahr ziehen armee hecht schlacht mcdowell mai kämpfen general stonewall_jackson shenandoah_valley campaign frühjahr großteil umstritten_gebiet staat west_virginia zerklüftet gelände alleghenium angelegt manöverkrieg aktion gebiet rest konflikt bezeugen regel guerilla natur
|
EN_16_39
|
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EN_16_40
|
With the further spread of the railroad networks in the 1890s and early 1900s, many new towns developed and thrived in the Alleghenies. The lumbering and coal industries that boomed in the wake of the railroads brought a measure of prosperity to the region, but most of the revenues flowed out of the mountains to the cities of the eastern seaboard where the captains of industry were headquartered. This inequity created a bitter legacy that would last for generations and form the foundation of the mountaineers' poverty and the area's immense environmental degradation.
|
1090.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,090
| null |
spread railroad network early new town develop thrive alleghenies lumbering coal industry boom wake railroad bring measure prosperity region revenue flow mountain city eastern_seaboard captain industry headquarter inequity create bitter legacy generation form foundation mountaineer poverty area immense environmental degradation
|
verbreitung eisenbahnnetze früh entwickelt gedeihn stadt alleghenie kohleindustrie zug eisenbahn boomen bringen gewiß_maß wohlstand region einnahme floss berg stadt östlich küste kapitan industrie hauptsitz ungleichheit schaffen bitter erbe generation andauern grundlage armut bergsteiger immense umweltzerstörung bilden
|
EN_16_40
|
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EN_16_41
|
The most momentous disaster to afflict the people of the Alleghenies was the Johnstown Flood—locally known as the "Great Flood of 1889"—which occurred on May 31 of that year after the catastrophic failure of the South Fork Dam on the Little Conemaugh River 14 miles (23 km) upstream of the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The dam broke after several days of extremely heavy rainfall, unleashing 20 million tons of water (18 million cubic meters) from the reservoir known as Lake Conemaugh. (This body of water had been built as part of the Main Line of Public Works, then abandoned.) With a flow rate that temporarily equalled that of the Mississippi River, the flood killed 2,209 people and caused US$17 million of damage (about $425 million in 2012 dollars). The American Red Cross, led by Clara Barton and with 50 volunteers, undertook a major disaster relief effort. Support for victims came from all over the United States and 18 foreign countries. After the flood, survivors suffered a series of legal defeats in their attempts to recover damages from the dam's owners. Public indignation at that failure prompted the development in American law changing a fault-based regime to strict liability.
|
1091.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,091
| null |
momentous disaster afflict people alleghenies johnstown_flood know great flood_occur year catastrophic failure south_fork dam little conemaugh river mile_upstream town johnstown_pennsylvania dam break day heavy rainfall unleash ton water cubic meter reservoir know lake conemaugh body_water build main line public_works abandon flow rate equal mississippi_river flood kill people cause_damage dollar american red_cross lead clara_barton volunteer undertake major disaster_relief effort support victim united_states foreign country flood survivor suffer series legal defeat attempt recover damage dam owner public indignation failure prompt development american law change fault base regime strict liability
|
katastrophe mensch alleghenies heimsuchen johnstown sintflut flut mai jahr katastrophal versagen south_fork dam little conemaugh river stadt johnstown_pennsylvania stattfinden damm brechen schwer regenfäll entfesselt million_tonne wasser million kubikmeter reservoir lake conemaugh wasserkörper main line of bauen aufgeben strömungsrate mississippi_river flut töten mensch verursacht us million schaden million_dollar amerikanisch rot_kreuz anführen clara_barton freiwillige unternehmen katastrophenhilfe unterstützung opfer usa ausländisch land flut erleiden überlebend reihe juristisch niederlage versuch schaden eigentümer staudamm erholen öffentlich empörung versagen veranlassen entwicklung amerikanisch recht fehlerbasiert regime strikt haftung umwandeln
|
EN_16_41
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|
EN_16_42
|
From the 1950s to 1992, the United States government maintained a top secret continuity program known as Project Greek Island at The Greenbrier hotel in the Alleghenies of southern West Virginia.
|
1092.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,092
| null |
united_states government maintain secret continuity program know project greek island greenbrier hotel alleghenies southern west_virginia
|
führen geheim kontinuitätsprogramm project greek island hotel the greenbrier süden west_virginia
|
EN_16_42
|
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|
EN_16_43
|
In August 1963, at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. referenced the Alleghenies—among several in an evocative list of mountains—in his famous "I Have a Dream" speech, when he said "Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania!"
|
1093.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,093
| null |
august march washington jobs freedom martin_luther king reference allegheny evocative list mountain famous dream_speech say let freedom ring heighten alleghenies pennsylvania
|
august märz washington arbeitsplatz freiheit martin_luther king referenzieren alleghenium eindrucksvoll liste berg berühmt_rede dream freiheit zunehmend alleghenium pennsylvania klingeln
|
EN_16_43
|
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EN_16_44
|
The Flight 93 National Memorial is located at the site of the crash of United Airlines Flight 93—which was hijacked in the September 11 attacks—in Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, about 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Shanksville. The memorial honors the passengers and crew of Flight 93, who stopped Al-Qaeda terrorists from reaching their intended target.
|
1094.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,094
| null |
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|
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EN_16_44
|
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|
EN_16_45
|
McNeill, G.D. (Douglas), The Last Forest, Tales of the Allegheny Woods, n.p., 1940. (Reprinted with preface by Louise McNeill, Pocahontas Communications Cooperative Corporation, Dunmore, W. Va. and McClain Printing Company, Parsons, W. Va, 1989.)
|
1095.0
|
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( AL-ig-AY-nee) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barrier to westward land travel and development. The Alleghenies have a northeast–southwest orientation, running for about 300 miles (480 km) from north-central Pennsylvania southward, through western Maryland and eastern West Virginia.
The Alleghenies comprise the rugged western-central portion of the Appalachians. They rise to 4,862 feet (1,482 m) in northeastern West Virginia. In the east, they are dominated by a high, steep escarpment known as the Allegheny Front. In the west, they slope down into the closely associated Allegheny Plateau, which extends into Ohio and Kentucky. The principal settlements of the Alleghenies are Altoona, State College, and Johnstown, Pennsylvania; and Cumberland, Maryland.
Using the United States Geological Survey (USGS) classification of physical geography (physiography), the Allegheny Mountain range is part of the Appalachian Plateau province of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic division.
|
EN
|
Allegheny Mountains
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegheny_Mountains
| 1,095
| null |
mcneill douglas forest tale allegheny woods reprint preface louise mcneill pocahontas communications cooperative corporation dunmore mcclain printing company parsons va
|
EN_16_45
|
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EN_17_0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
1096.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,096
| null |
america_beautiful quarter abbreviate atb quarter series cent_piece quarter issue united_states mint begin obverse coin depict george_washington modify_version portrait original washington quarter new reverse design year commemorate national natural historic_site national_park national_historic site national_forest state federal district territory program authorize america_beautiful national_parks quarter_dollar coin act pub_text pdf
|
the america the quarter abgekürzt serie viertel united_states mint beginnen dauern vorderseite vorderseite münze zeigen george_washington modifiziert version porträt ursprünglich verwenden national historisch_stätte nationalpark_national historisch_stätte national wald erinnern staat bundesbezirk territorium programm amerikanisch beautiful national_park quarter dollar coin_act pub_l text_pdf
|
EN_17_0
|
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[
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],
[
18,
0.010416666996510079
],
[
6,
0.010416666996510079
]
] | 22
|
EN_17_1
|
Quarters were issued with reverse designs commemorating national parks and sites in the order of which that park or site was deemed a national site. The quarters from three states depict parks or sites that were previously portrayed on the state quarters (Grand Canyon in Arizona, Yosemite in California, and Mount Rushmore in South Dakota). While they depict the same sites, they bear new designs.
|
1097.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,097
| null |
quarter issue reverse design commemorate national_park site order park_site deem national site quarter state depict park_site portray state quarter grand_canyon arizona yosemite california mount_rushmore south_dakota depict site bear new design
|
viertel gedenken nationalpark stätte reihenfolge ausstellen park_stätte national stätte viertel_bundesstaat zeigen park_stätte staatsviertel darstellen grand_canyon arizona yosemite kalifornien mount_rushmore south_dakota seite darstellen tragen designs
|
EN_17_1
|
[
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[
7,
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[
2,
0.017543859649122806
]
] | 22
|
EN_17_2
|
In 2020, the obverses of the quarters struck at West Point also include a privy mark. The privy design features the text "V75", celebrating the 75th anniversary of the end of World War II inside an outline of the Rainbow Pool at the World War II Memorial in Washington, DC.
|
1098.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,098
| null |
obverse quarter strike west_point include privy mark privy design feature text celebrate_anniversary end world war_ii outline rainbow pool world war_ii memorial washington_dc
|
vorderseit quartal west_point schlagen privy marke privy design zeigen text jahrestag ende weltkrieg umriss rainbow pool world memorial washington_dc feiern
|
EN_17_2
|
[
0.024390243175553106,
0,
0.024390243175553106,
0.04878048635110621,
0.024390243175553106,
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0.09756097270221242,
0.04878048635110621,
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0.2195121960305586,
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[
[
20,
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[
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3,
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[
9,
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],
[
5,
0.024390243175553106
],
[
2,
0.024390243175553106
]
] | 20
|
EN_17_3
|
Over the course of the series, four mint marks were used on the America the Beautiful quarters. Quarters produced at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints feature the P and D mint marks respectively.
|
1099.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,099
| null |
course series mint_mark america_beautiful quarter quarter produce philadelphia denver mints feature p_d mint_mark
|
lauf serie münzzeiche amerika_schön viertel verwenden mint philadelphia denver produziert quarter weisen
|
EN_17_3
|
[
0,
0,
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0.18518518325355313,
0.37037036650710625,
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0,
0.03703703814082678
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[
[
21,
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[
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[
20,
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[
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[
12,
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[
2,
0.03703703814082678
]
] | 21
|
EN_17_4
|
In 2010 and 2011, the San Francisco Mint (S mint mark) produced quarters exclusively for the annual Proof Set. In 2012, San Francisco started producing America the Beautiful quarters in the standard circulation finish of the P and D quarters for sale to collectors.
|
1100.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,100
| null |
san_francisco mint s mint_mark produce quarter annual proof set san_francisco start produce america_beautiful quarter standard circulation finish p_d quarter sale collector
|
produzieren münzstätte san_francisco quartier jährlich proof set beginnen san_francisco produktion schön_viertel amerika standardumlauf verkauf sammler
|
EN_17_4
|
[
0,
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0.21951219766605196,
0,
0.07317073007182374,
0.6341463421903005,
0.024390243357274584,
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0
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[
[
21,
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18,
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[
20,
0.07317073007182374
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[
22,
0.024390243357274584
],
[
5,
0.024390243357274584
],
[
6,
0.024390243357274584
]
] | 21
|
EN_17_5
|
On April 2, 2019, the United States Mint announced that the West Point Mint would release 10,000,000 quarters (2,000,000 of each design released that year) with the "W" mint mark. This was the first time the mint mark appeared on a circulating coin. The quarters were mixed into uncirculated bags and rolls of the quarters to stimulate public interest in coin collecting.
|
1101.0
|
The America the Beautiful quarters (sometimes abbreviated ATB quarters) were a series of fifty-six 25-cent pieces (quarters) issued by the United States Mint, which began in 2010 and lasted until 2021. The obverse (front) of all the coins depicts George Washington in a modified version of the portrait used for the original 1932 Washington quarter. There were five new reverse (back) designs each year (one in 2021), each commemorating a national natural or historic site such as national parks, national historic sites, or national forests – one from each state, the federal district, and each territory. The program was authorized by the America's Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act of 2008 (Pub. L. 110–456 (text) (PDF).
|
EN
|
America the Beautiful quarters
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters
| 1,101
| null |
april united_states mint announce west_point mint release quarter design release year w mint_mark time mint_mark appear circulate coin quarter mix uncirculate bag roll quarter stimulate public interest coin_collecting
|
april united_states mint west_point mint quartale design veröffentlichen mintmarke veröffentlichen mal münzmark umlaufmünze erscheinen viertel ungezirkelt sack rolle viertel mischen öffentlich_interesse münzsammlung wecken
|
EN_17_5
|
[
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[
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[
16,
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[
0,
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]
] | 21
|
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