chunk_id
stringlengths 6
10
| text
stringlengths 101
3.42k
| doc_id
stringlengths 3
7
| full_doc
stringclasses 589
values | lang
stringclasses 2
values | title
stringclasses 452
values | url
stringclasses 295
values | id
float64 0
26.3k
| index
float64 | lemmas
stringlengths 0
2.1k
| lemmas_tr
stringlengths 0
2.81k
| id_preproc
stringlengths 6
10
| thetas
listlengths 25
25
| top_k
listlengths 0
10
| main_topic_thetas
int64 0
24
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EN_12_79
|
The two-party system began to emerge as political parties coalesced around competing interests. A congressional caucus, led by Madison, Jefferson, and William Branch Giles, began as an opposition group to Hamilton's financial programs. Hamilton and his allies began to call themselves the Federalists.
|
802.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 802
| null |
party system begin emerge political party_coalesce compete interest congressional caucus lead madison jefferson william branch giles begin opposition group hamilton financial program hamilton ally begin federalists
|
zweiparteiensystem beginnen entstehen politisch partei konkurrierend interesse verschmelzen führen madison jefferson william branch beginnen oppositionsgruppe hamilton finanzprogrammen hamilton verbündeter beginnen föderalist bezeichnen
|
EN_12_79
|
[
0,
0,
0.255813951495775,
0,
0,
0.023255813433680432,
0.06976744402633153,
0.023255813433680432,
0,
0,
0,
0.023255813433680432,
0,
0.023255813433680432,
0,
0,
0.023255813433680432,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.09302325373472173,
0,
0,
0.4651162835747696
] |
[
[
24,
0.4651162835747696
],
[
2,
0.255813951495775
],
[
21,
0.09302325373472173
],
[
6,
0.06976744402633153
],
[
16,
0.023255813433680432
],
[
11,
0.023255813433680432
],
[
13,
0.023255813433680432
],
[
5,
0.023255813433680432
],
[
7,
0.023255813433680432
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_80
|
Hamilton assembled a nationwide coalition to garner support for the administration, including the expansive financial programs Hamilton had made administration policy and especially the president's policy of neutrality in the European war between Britain and France. Hamilton publicly denounced French minister Genêt, who commissioned American privateers and recruited Americans for private militias to attack British ships and colonial possessions of British allies. Eventually, even Jefferson joined Hamilton in seeking Genêt's recall. If Hamilton's administrative republic was to succeed, Americans had to see themselves first as citizens of a nation and experience an administration that proved firm and demonstrated the concepts found within the Constitution. The Federalists did impose some internal direct taxes, but they departed from most implications of Hamilton's administrative republic as risky.
|
803.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 803
| null |
hamilton assemble nationwide_coalition garner_support administration include expansive financial program hamilton administration policy president policy_neutrality european war britain_france hamilton denounce french minister genêt world_health organization commission american privateer recruit americans private militia attack british ship colonial possession british ally jefferson join hamilton seek genêt_recall hamilton administrative republic succeed americans citizen nation experience administration prove firm demonstrate concept constitution federalists impose internal direct_taxis depart implication hamilton administrative republic risky
|
hamilton versammeln landesweit_koalition unterstützung verwaltung expansiv finanzprogramm hamilton verwaltungspolitik neutralitätspolitik präsident europäisch krieg großbritannien_frankreich hamilton verurteilen französisch minister genêt amerikanisch privatleute auftrag amerikaner privat miliz rekrutieren britisch schiff kolonial_besitztümer britisch verbündeter angreifen schloss jefferson hamilton suche rückruf hamiltons verwaltungsrepublik amerikaner bürger nation sehen regierung erleben erweisen verfassung enthalten konzept demonstrieren föderalist auferlegen intern direkt_steuer entfernen implikation hamilton verwaltungsrepublik
|
EN_12_80
|
[
0,
0.00751879705550303,
0.14285714684852524,
0.00751879705550303,
0.07518796496709496,
0.01503759411100606,
0.00751879705550303,
0,
0,
0.06015037644402424,
0,
0.03007518822201212,
0.01503759411100606,
0.022556390235186533,
0.24060150577609696,
0,
0.01503759411100606,
0.06766917443084983,
0.045112780470373065,
0,
0.00751879705550303,
0.12781955087487407,
0,
0.03007518822201212,
0.08270676295392054
] |
[
[
14,
0.24060150577609696
],
[
2,
0.14285714684852524
],
[
21,
0.12781955087487407
],
[
24,
0.08270676295392054
],
[
4,
0.07518796496709496
],
[
17,
0.06766917443084983
],
[
9,
0.06015037644402424
],
[
18,
0.045112780470373065
],
[
23,
0.03007518822201212
],
[
11,
0.03007518822201212
]
] | 14
|
EN_12_81
|
The Republicans opposed banks and cities and favored the series of unstable revolutionary governments in France. They built their own national coalition to oppose the Federalists. Both sides gained the support of local political factions, and each side developed its own partisan newspapers. Noah Webster, John Fenno, and William Cobbett were energetic editors for the Federalists, while Benjamin Franklin Bache and Philip Freneau were fiery Republican editors. All of their newspapers were characterized by intense personal attacks, major exaggerations, and invented claims. In 1801, Hamilton established a daily newspaper, the New York Evening Post, and brought in William Coleman as its editor. Hamilton's and Jefferson's incompatibility was heightened by the unavowed wish of each to be Washington's principal and most trusted advisor.
|
804.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 804
| null |
republicans oppose bank city favor series unstable revolutionary government france build national coalition oppose federalists side gain support local political faction develop partisan newspaper noah_webster john_fenno william_cobbett energetic editor federalists benjamin_franklin bache philip_freneau fiery republican editor newspaper characterize intense personal attack major exaggeration invent hamilton establish daily_newspaper new_york evening_post bring william_coleman editor hamilton jefferson incompatibility heighten unavowed wish washington principal trust advisor
|
republikaner bekämpft bank stadt begünstigen serie instabil revolutionär regierung frankreich bauen national koalition_föderalist seite erhalten unterstützung lokal politisch fraktion seite entwickeln partisanenzeitunge noah_webster john_fenno william_cobbett energisch redakteur föderalist benjamin_franklin bache philip_freneau feurig republikanisch redakteur zeitung intensiv persönlich_angriff übertreibunge erfunden behauptung gekennzeichnen gründen hamilton tageszeitung new_york evening_post bringen william_coleman herausgeber hamiltons jefferson inkompatibilität ungeteilt wunsch washington direktor vertrauenswürdigst_berater erhöhen
|
EN_12_81
|
[
0.007352941077175168,
0.014705882154350336,
0.35294117915498857,
0,
0.022058823697186786,
0,
0.007352941077175168,
0.04411764739437357,
0.007352941077175168,
0,
0,
0.007352941077175168,
0,
0.058823528617401345,
0.029411764308700673,
0.07352941356571936,
0.007352941077175168,
0.029411764308700673,
0,
0.014705882154350336,
0.022058823697186786,
0.051470588005887455,
0.029411764308700673,
0,
0.22058823324657761
] |
[
[
2,
0.35294117915498857
],
[
24,
0.22058823324657761
],
[
15,
0.07352941356571936
],
[
13,
0.058823528617401345
],
[
21,
0.051470588005887455
],
[
7,
0.04411764739437357
],
[
22,
0.029411764308700673
],
[
17,
0.029411764308700673
],
[
14,
0.029411764308700673
],
[
20,
0.022058823697186786
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_82
|
An additional partisan irritant to Hamilton was the 1791 United States Senate election in New York, which resulted in the election of Democratic-Republican candidate Aaron Burr over Federalist candidate Philip Schuyler, the incumbent and Hamilton's father-in-law. Hamilton blamed Burr personally for this outcome, and negative characterizations of Burr began to appear in his correspondence thereafter. The two men did work together from time to time thereafter on various projects, including Hamilton's army of 1798 and the Manhattan Water Company.
|
805.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 805
| null |
additional partisan irritant hamilton united_states senate election new_york result election democratic_republican candidate aaron_burr federalist candidate philip_schuyler incumbent hamilton father law hamilton blame burr outcome negative characterization burr begin appear correspondence man work time time project include hamilton army manhattan water company
|
partei irritieren hamilton united_states senatswahl new_york wahl kandidat aaron_burr federalist kandidat philip_schuyler amtsinhaber hamilton beschuldigen burr ergebnis negativ charakterisierung burr beginnen korrespondenz erscheinen mann arbeiten verschieden projekt hamilton armee manhattan water company
|
EN_12_82
|
[
0,
0.013513513740051435,
0.39189189380487877,
0,
0,
0.013513513740051435,
0,
0.05405405496020574,
0.0405405384261866,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05405405496020574,
0.013513513740051435,
0.06756756404364433,
0,
0.013513513740051435,
0,
0.013513513740051435,
0,
0.0405405384261866,
0.02702702748010287,
0.013513513740051435,
0.2432432454582807
] |
[
[
2,
0.39189189380487877
],
[
24,
0.2432432454582807
],
[
15,
0.06756756404364433
],
[
13,
0.05405405496020574
],
[
7,
0.05405405496020574
],
[
21,
0.0405405384261866
],
[
8,
0.0405405384261866
],
[
22,
0.02702702748010287
],
[
23,
0.013513513740051435
],
[
19,
0.013513513740051435
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_83
|
Hamilton's resignation as secretary of the treasury in 1795 did not remove him from public life. With the resumption of his law practice, he remained close to Washington as an advisor and friend. Hamilton influenced Washington in the composition of his farewell address by writing drafts for Washington to compare with the latter's draft, although when Washington contemplated retirement in 1792, he had consulted Madison for a draft that was used in a similar manner to Hamilton's.
|
806.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 806
| null |
hamilton resignation_secretary treasury remove public life resumption law practice remain washington advisor friend hamilton influence washington composition farewell_address write draft washington draft washington contemplate retirement consult madison draft similar_manner hamilton
|
hamilton rücktritt sekretär_schatzamt öffentlich leben wiederaufnahme anwaltskanzlei bleiben nähe washington berater freund hamilton beeinflussen washington zusammensetzung abschiedsrede entwurf washington schreiben entwurf letzterer vergleichen washington ruhestand betracht_ziehen madison entwurf konsultieren ähnlich_weise hamilton verwenden
|
EN_12_83
|
[
0,
0,
0.55223881838315,
0,
0,
0.07462686251626532,
0,
0.01492537268951758,
0,
0.01492537268951758,
0.11940298151614064,
0,
0,
0,
0.01492537268951758,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.044776118999875304,
0.16417910051601595
] |
[
[
2,
0.55223881838315
],
[
24,
0.16417910051601595
],
[
10,
0.11940298151614064
],
[
5,
0.07462686251626532
],
[
23,
0.044776118999875304
],
[
14,
0.01492537268951758
],
[
9,
0.01492537268951758
],
[
7,
0.01492537268951758
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_84
|
In the election of 1796, under the Constitution as it stood then, each of the presidential electors had two votes, which they were to cast for different men from different states. The one who received the most votes would become president, the second-most, vice president. This system was not designed with the operation of parties in mind, as they had been thought disreputable and factious. The Federalists planned to deal with this by having all their electors vote for John Adams, then vice president, and all but a few for Thomas Pinckney.
|
807.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 807
| null |
election constitution information_technology stand presidential_elector vote_cast different man different state world_health organization receive vote president president system design operation party mind think disreputable factious federalists plan deal elector_vote john_adams president thomas_pinckney
|
wahl verfassung stehen präsidentenwahlberechtigte stimme verschieden mann verschieden staat wählen stimme erhalten präsident zweithöchster vizepräsident system betrieb partei auge faktenhaft halten föderalist planen umgehen wähler john_adams vizepräsident thomas_pinckney wählen lassen
|
EN_12_84
|
[
0,
0,
0.18032786989065472,
0,
0.03278688475733896,
0.04918033086129889,
0,
0.03278688475733896,
0.01639344237866948,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.03278688475733896,
0.09836066172259778,
0.01639344237866948,
0,
0,
0,
0.01639344237866948,
0,
0,
0.5245901561174233
] |
[
[
24,
0.5245901561174233
],
[
2,
0.18032786989065472
],
[
16,
0.09836066172259778
],
[
5,
0.04918033086129889
],
[
15,
0.03278688475733896
],
[
4,
0.03278688475733896
],
[
7,
0.03278688475733896
],
[
17,
0.01639344237866948
],
[
21,
0.01639344237866948
],
[
8,
0.01639344237866948
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_85
|
Adams resented Hamilton's influence with Washington and considered him overambitious and scandalous in his private life; Hamilton compared Adams unfavorably with Washington and thought him too emotionally unstable to be president. Hamilton took the election as an opportunity: he urged all the northern electors to vote for Adams and Pinckney, lest Jefferson get in; but he cooperated with Edward Rutledge to have South Carolina's electors vote for Jefferson and Pinckney. If all this worked, Pinckney would have more votes than Adams, Pinckney would become president, and Adams would remain vice president, but it did not work. The Federalists found out about it and northern Federalists voted for Adams but not for Pinckney, in sufficient numbers that Pinckney came in third and Jefferson became vice president. Adams resented the intrigue since he felt his service to the nation was much more extensive than Pinckney's.
|
808.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 808
| null |
adams resent hamilton influence washington consider overambitious scandalous private life hamilton adams washington think unstable president hamilton election opportunity urge northern elector_vote adams pinckney jefferson cooperate edward_rutledge south_carolina elector_vote jefferson pinckney work pinckney vote adams pinckney president adams remain president information_technology work federalists information_technology northern federalists vote adams pinckney sufficient_number pinckney jefferson president adams resent intrigue feel service nation extensive pinckney
|
adams ärgern hamiltons_einfluss washington halten füar überambitionieren privatleben hamilton vergleichen adam washington halten präsident hamilton nutzen wahl gelegenheit fordern nördlich wähler adam pinckney stimmen jefferson reinkommen kooperieren edward_rutledge south_carolina wähler jefferson pinckney stimmen lassen funktionieren pinckney stimme adams pinckney präsident adams_vizepräsident bleiben funktionieren föderalist erfahren nördlich föderalist stimmen adam pinckney ausreichend_zahl pinckney jefferson vizepräsident adams ärgern intrige fühlen dienst nation pinckney
|
EN_12_85
|
[
0,
0.01574803126139904,
0.28346457760634375,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0.00787401563069952,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0,
0,
0.01574803126139904,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0.22047243765958655,
0.02362204689209856,
0,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0.00787401563069952,
0.00787401563069952,
0.00787401563069952,
0.37795275027357694
] |
[
[
24,
0.37795275027357694
],
[
2,
0.28346457760634375
],
[
16,
0.22047243765958655
],
[
17,
0.02362204689209856
],
[
10,
0.01574803126139904
],
[
1,
0.01574803126139904
],
[
20,
0.00787401563069952
],
[
23,
0.00787401563069952
],
[
22,
0.00787401563069952
],
[
5,
0.00787401563069952
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_86
|
In summer 1797, Hamilton became the first major American politician publicly involved in a sex scandal. Six years earlier, in summer 1791, 34-year-old Hamilton became involved in an affair with 23-year-old Maria Reynolds. According to Hamilton, Maria approached him at his house in Philadelphia, claiming that her husband James Reynolds was abusive and had abandoned her, and she wished to return to her relatives in New York but lacked the means. Hamilton recorded her address and subsequently delivered $30 personally to her boarding house, where she led him into her bedroom and "Some conversation ensued from which it was quickly apparent that other than pecuniary consolation would be acceptable". The two began an intermittent illicit affair that lasted approximately until June 1792.
|
809.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 809
| null |
summer hamilton major american politician involve sex scandal year summer year_old hamilton involved affair year_old maria_reynolds accord hamilton maria approach house philadelphia husband james_reynolds abusive abandon wish return relative new_york lack mean hamilton record address_deliver boarding_house lead bedroom conversation ensue information_technology apparent pecuniary consolation acceptable begin intermittent illicit affair june
|
sommer hamilton amerikanisch politiker sexskandal beteiligen sommer hamilton affäre_maria reynolds verwickeln hamilton maria nähern haus philadelphia behaupten mann james_reynolds verlassen verwandte new_york zurückkehren fehlen hamilton adresse liefern dollar pension schlafzimmer führen gespräch folgen pekuniär trost beginnen intermittierend illegal affäre juni andaueren
|
EN_12_86
|
[
0,
0.011111111028326884,
0.34444444280945596,
0.04444444411330754,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.28888889232443427,
0.011111111028326884,
0.011111111028326884,
0.0333333340163032,
0.02222222205665377,
0.0333333340163032,
0.02222222205665377,
0.011111111028326884,
0.11111110842062376,
0.011111111028326884,
0,
0,
0.011111111028326884,
0.0333333340163032,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.34444444280945596
],
[
10,
0.28888889232443427
],
[
18,
0.11111110842062376
],
[
3,
0.04444444411330754
],
[
23,
0.0333333340163032
],
[
15,
0.0333333340163032
],
[
13,
0.0333333340163032
],
[
14,
0.02222222205665377
],
[
16,
0.02222222205665377
],
[
1,
0.011111111028326884
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_87
|
James Reynolds was aware of his wife's infidelity, and likely orchestrated it from the beginning. He continually supported their relationship to extort blackmail money regularly from Hamilton. The common practice of the day for men of equal social standing was for the wronged husband to seek retribution in a duel. But Reynolds, of a lower social status and realizing how much Hamilton had to lose if his activity was made public, resorted to extortion. After an initial request of $1,000, with which Hamilton complied, Reynolds invited Hamilton to renew his visits to his wife "as a friend" only to extort forced "loans" after each visit that, most likely in collusion, Maria solicited with her letters. In the end, the blackmail payments totaled over $1,300 including the initial extortion. Hamilton at this point may have been aware of both spouses being involved in the blackmail, and he welcomed and strictly complied with James Reynolds' eventual request to end the affair.
|
810.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 810
| null |
james_reynolds aware wife infidelity orchestrate information_technology beginning support relationship extort blackmail money hamilton common practice day man equal social standing wronged husband seek retribution duel reynolds low social_status realize hamilton lose activity public resort extortion initial request hamilton comply reynolds invite hamilton renew visit wife friend extort force loan visit collusion maria solicit end blackmail payment total include initial extortion hamilton point aware spouse involve blackmail welcome comply james_reynolds eventual request end affair
|
james_reynolds untreue frau bewusst anfang orchestrieren unterstützen beziehung erpressung geld hamilton erpressen üblich_praxis tag mann sozial rang ungerecht ehemann vergeltung duell suchen reynold niedrig sozial_status erkennen hamilton verlieren tätigkeit veröffentlichen greifen erpressung anfänglich bitte hamilton erfüllen reynold laden hamilton erneuern besuch frau freund erpressen gezwung darlehen besuch absprache maria briefen belaufen erpressungszahlung anfänglich erpressung hamilton stelle ehepartner erpressung beteiligen begrüßen james reynold eventuell antrag affäre beenden
|
EN_12_87
|
[
0,
0.02941176465109867,
0.33823528696837674,
0.007352941162774668,
0,
0,
0,
0.03676470721085719,
0,
0.1102941179072813,
0.10294117721016792,
0.08088235511882777,
0.014705882325549336,
0.02205882395398529,
0.007352941162774668,
0.007352941162774668,
0.02941176465109867,
0,
0.014705882325549336,
0,
0,
0.19117647302610907,
0,
0.007352941162774668,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.33823528696837674
],
[
21,
0.19117647302610907
],
[
9,
0.1102941179072813
],
[
10,
0.10294117721016792
],
[
11,
0.08088235511882777
],
[
7,
0.03676470721085719
],
[
16,
0.02941176465109867
],
[
1,
0.02941176465109867
],
[
13,
0.02205882395398529
],
[
18,
0.014705882325549336
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_88
|
In November 1792, James Reynolds and his associate Jacob Clingman were arrested for counterfeiting and speculating in Revolutionary War veterans' unpaid back wages. Clingman was released on bail and relayed information to Democratic-Republican congressman James Monroe that Reynolds had evidence incriminating Hamilton in illicit activity as Treasury Secretary. Monroe consulted with congressmen Muhlenberg and Venable on what actions to take and the congressmen confronted Hamilton on December 15, 1792. Hamilton refuted the suspicions of financial speculation by exposing his affair with Maria and producing as evidence the letters by both of the Reynolds, proving that his payments to James Reynolds related to blackmail over his adultery, and not to treasury misconduct. The trio agreed on their honor to keep the documents privately with the utmost confidence.
|
811.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 811
| null |
november james_reynolds associate jacob clingman arrest counterfeit speculate revolutionary_war veteran unpaid wage clingman release bail relay information democratic_republican congressman_james monroe reynolds evidence incriminate hamilton illicit activity treasury_secretary monroe consult congressman muhlenberg venable action congressman confront hamilton december hamilton refute suspicion financial speculation expose affair_maria produce evidence reynolds prove payment james_reynolds blackmail adultery treasury misconduct trio agree honor document utmost confidence
|
november james_reynolds mitarbeiter jacob clingman fälschung spekulation unbezahlt lohn kriegsveteran verhaften clingman kaution freilassen übermittelt information kongressabgeordnet james_monroe reynold_beweis hamilton illegal tätigkeit finanzminister belast monroe konsultieren kongressabgeordnet muhlenberg venable maßnahme_ergreifen kongressabgeordnet konfrontieren hamilton dezember hamilton widerlegen verdacht finanziell spekulation affäre_maria aufdecken brief reynold_beweis anbrachen zahlung james_reynolds erpressung ehebruch fehlverhalten schatzamt trio stimmen ehre dokument zuversicht halten
|
EN_12_88
|
[
0,
0.0078125,
0.4375,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0078125,
0,
0,
0.0859375,
0,
0,
0.015625,
0,
0.015625,
0.03125,
0,
0.0078125,
0.0078125,
0,
0.1796875,
0,
0.125,
0.078125
] |
[
[
2,
0.4375
],
[
21,
0.1796875
],
[
23,
0.125
],
[
10,
0.0859375
],
[
24,
0.078125
],
[
16,
0.03125
],
[
13,
0.015625
],
[
15,
0.015625
],
[
19,
0.0078125
],
[
7,
0.0078125
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_89
|
Five years later however, in the summer of 1797, the "notoriously scurrilous" journalist James T. Callender published A History of the United States for the Year 1796. The pamphlet contained accusations based on documents from the confrontation of December 15, 1792, taken out of context, that James Reynolds had been an agent of Hamilton. On July 5, 1797, Hamilton wrote to Monroe, Muhlenberg, and Venable, asking them to confirm that there was nothing that would damage the perception of his integrity while Secretary of Treasury. All but Monroe complied with Hamilton's request. This led to Hamilton and Monroe engaging in an argument that almost culminated in a duel, before the conflict was averted by Aaron Burr. Hamilton then published a 100-page booklet, later usually referred to as the Reynolds Pamphlet, and discussed the affair in indelicate detail for the time. Hamilton's wife Elizabeth eventually forgave him, but never forgave Monroe. Although Hamilton faced ridicule from the Democratic-Republican faction, he maintained his availability for public service.
|
812.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 812
| null |
year summer scurrilous journalist james callender publish history united_states year pamphlet contain accusation base document confrontation december context james_reynolds agent hamilton july hamilton write monroe muhlenberg venable ask confirm damage perception integrity secretary_treasury monroe comply hamilton request lead hamilton monroe engage argument culminate duel conflict avert aaron_burr hamilton publish page booklet refer reynolds pamphlet discuss affair indelicate detail time hamilton wife_elizabeth forgive forgave monroe hamilton face ridicule democratic_republican faction maintain availability public service
|
sommer skurril journalist james callender veröffentlichen geschichte vereinigt_staat broschüre enthalten anschuldigung grundlage dokument konfrontation dezember zusammenhang nehmen james_reynolds agent hamilton juli schreiben hamilton monroe muhlenberg venable bitten bestätigen geben wahrnehmung integrität beeinträchtigen finanzminister monroe erfüllen hamiltons anfrage führen hamilton monroe argument gipfeln duell konflikt aaron_burr abwenden hamilton veröffentlichen booklet reynold pamphlet bezeichnen diskutieren affäre unzüchtig detail hamilton frau_elizabeth vergeben vergeben monroe hamilton spott fraktion halten verfügbarkeit öffentlich_dienst
|
EN_12_89
|
[
0,
0.034965033792740845,
0.5804195870365295,
0,
0.006993006758548168,
0.013986013517096337,
0,
0.020979020275644505,
0.04895104730983718,
0.04895104730983718,
0.034965033792740845,
0.006993006758548168,
0.006993006758548168,
0.07692307806932007,
0,
0.013986013517096337,
0,
0,
0,
0.013986013517096337,
0,
0.006993006758548168,
0,
0.006993006758548168,
0.07692307806932007
] |
[
[
2,
0.5804195870365295
],
[
13,
0.07692307806932007
],
[
24,
0.07692307806932007
],
[
8,
0.04895104730983718
],
[
9,
0.04895104730983718
],
[
10,
0.034965033792740845
],
[
1,
0.034965033792740845
],
[
7,
0.020979020275644505
],
[
19,
0.013986013517096337
],
[
5,
0.013986013517096337
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_90
|
During the military build-up preceding the Quasi-War with France, and with the strong endorsement of Washington, Adams reluctantly appointed Hamilton a major general of the army. At Washington's insistence, Hamilton was made the senior major general prompting Henry Knox, who had served as United States Secretary of War and years earlier in wartime as a Continental Army major general, to decline the appointment to serve as Hamilton's junior believing it would be degrading to rank beneath him.
|
813.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 813
| null |
military build quasi_war france strong endorsement washington adams appoint hamilton major_general army washington insistence hamilton senior major_general prompt henry_knox world_health organization serve united_states secretary war year wartime continental_army major_general decline appointment serve hamilton junior believe information_technology degrade rank
|
militärisch_aufbau frankreich stark unterstützung washington ernennen adams hamilton generalmajor armee washington beharrlichkeit hamilton senior major_general ernennen henry_knox united_states secretary_of kriegszeit continental_army major_general dienen veranlasste ernennung hamilton junior verweigern glauben rangieren
|
EN_12_90
|
[
0.026666666567325595,
0,
0.19999999739229687,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.4533333353698253,
0,
0,
0.05333333313465119,
0.013333333283662797,
0,
0.05333333313465119,
0.06666666828095909,
0.013333333283662797,
0,
0.06666666828095909,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.013333333283662797,
0,
0.03999999798834329
] |
[
[
7,
0.4533333353698253
],
[
2,
0.19999999739229687
],
[
14,
0.06666666828095909
],
[
17,
0.06666666828095909
],
[
13,
0.05333333313465119
],
[
10,
0.05333333313465119
],
[
24,
0.03999999798834329
],
[
0,
0.026666666567325595
],
[
22,
0.013333333283662797
],
[
11,
0.013333333283662797
]
] | 7
|
EN_12_91
|
Hamilton served as inspector general of the United States Army from July 18, 1798, to June 15, 1800. Because Washington was unwilling to leave Mount Vernon unless it were to command an army in the field, Hamilton was the de facto head of the army, to Adams's considerable displeasure. If full-scale war broke out with France, Hamilton argued that the army should conquer the North American colonies of France's ally, Spain, bordering the United States. Hamilton was prepared to march the army through the Southern United States if necessary.
|
814.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 814
| null |
hamilton serve inspector_general united_states army july june washington unwilling leave mount_vernon information_technology command army field hamilton head army adams considerable displeasure scale war break france hamilton argue army conquer north american colony france ally spain border united_states hamilton prepared march army southern united_states necessary
|
hamilton dienen generalinspektor united_states army juli juni washington mount_vernon verlassen befehligen armee feld hamilton chef armee adam erheblich missfalle voll krieg frankreich ausbrechen argumentieren hamilton armee nordamerikanisch_kolonie frankreich verbündeter spanien grenze vereinigt_staat erobern hamilton armee südlich vereinigt_staat marschieren
|
EN_12_91
|
[
0.022988505918404154,
0.011494252959202077,
0.13793103551042493,
0,
0.04597701183680831,
0.011494252959202077,
0.011494252959202077,
0.22988505918404153,
0,
0,
0.04597701183680831,
0,
0.022988505918404154,
0.022988505918404154,
0.29885056948867333,
0,
0,
0.11494252959202077,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.022988505918404154,
0,
0
] |
[
[
14,
0.29885056948867333
],
[
7,
0.22988505918404153
],
[
2,
0.13793103551042493
],
[
17,
0.11494252959202077
],
[
10,
0.04597701183680831
],
[
4,
0.04597701183680831
],
[
22,
0.022988505918404154
],
[
0,
0.022988505918404154
],
[
12,
0.022988505918404154
],
[
13,
0.022988505918404154
]
] | 14
|
EN_12_92
|
To fund the army, Hamilton wrote regularly to Oliver Wolcott Jr., his successor at the treasury, Representative William Loughton Smith, and U.S. senator Theodore Sedgwick. He urged them to pass a direct tax to fund the war. Smith resigned in July 1797, as Hamilton complained to him for slowness, and urged Wolcott to tax houses instead of land. The eventual program included taxes on land, houses, and slaves, calculated at different rates in different states and requiring assessment of houses, and a stamp act like that of the British before the Revolution, though this time Americans were taxing themselves through their own representatives. This provoked resistance in southeastern Pennsylvania nevertheless, led primarily by men such as John Fries who had marched with Washington against the Whiskey Rebellion.
|
815.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 815
| null |
fund army hamilton write oliver_wolcott successor treasury representative william loughton smith senator theodore sedgwick urge pass direct tax fund war smith resign july hamilton complain slowness urge wolcott tax house land eventual program include taxis land house slave calculate different rate different state require assessment house stamp_act british revolution time americans tax representative provoke resistance southeastern pennsylvania lead man john fries world_health organization march washington whiskey_rebellion
|
armee finanzieren schreiben hamilton oliver_wolcott nachfolger schatzkammer repräsentant william loughton smith senator theodore sedgwick fordern direkt_steuer zahlen krieg_finanzieren smith treten juli hamilton langsamkeit beschweren wolcott drängen haus land besteuern eventuell programm beinhaltet steuer land haus sklave verschieden staat unterschiedlich satz berechnen bewertung haus erforderen stempelakt brite revolution amerikaner vertreter besteuerten provozieren widerstand südosten pennsylvanias anführen mann john fries washington whiskey_rebellion marschieren
|
EN_12_92
|
[
0.0234375,
0.015625,
0.1875,
0,
0.0625,
0.0078125,
0.0859375,
0,
0.015625,
0.015625,
0.0078125,
0.0390625,
0.046875,
0,
0.03125,
0,
0.125,
0.0078125,
0.0234375,
0.0078125,
0,
0.2421875,
0,
0,
0.0546875
] |
[
[
21,
0.2421875
],
[
2,
0.1875
],
[
16,
0.125
],
[
6,
0.0859375
],
[
4,
0.0625
],
[
24,
0.0546875
],
[
12,
0.046875
],
[
11,
0.0390625
],
[
14,
0.03125
],
[
0,
0.0234375
]
] | 21
|
EN_12_93
|
Hamilton aided in all areas of the army's development, and after Washington's death he was by default the senior officer of the United States Army from December 14, 1799, to June 15, 1800. The army was to guard against invasion from France. Adams, however, derailed all plans for war by opening negotiations with France that led to peace. There was no longer a direct threat for the army Hamilton was commanding to respond to. Adams discovered that key members of his cabinet, namely Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and Secretary of War James McHenry, were more loyal to Hamilton than himself; Adams fired them in May 1800.
|
816.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 816
| null |
hamilton aid area army development washington death default senior_officer united_states army december june army guard invasion france adams derail plan war open negotiation france lead peace direct threat army hamilton command respond adams key member_cabinet secretary_state timothy_pickering secretary war james_mchenry loyal hamilton adams fire
|
hamilton helfen bereich entwicklung armee washington tod senior_officer united_states army dezember juni armee invasion frankreich hüt adam entgleist plan krieg aufnahme verhandlung frankreich frieden führen direkt bedrohung armee hamilton befehligen adams entdecken wichtig mitglied_kabinett staatssekretär timothy_pickering kriegsminister james_mchenry hamilton adams feuern mai
|
EN_12_93
|
[
0.021978021691461198,
0.021978021691461198,
0.29670329749133884,
0,
0.05494505329733045,
0,
0.010989010845730599,
0.27472527766252275,
0,
0.06593406693702866,
0,
0.021978021691461198,
0.010989010845730599,
0,
0.1648351636172815,
0,
0,
0.010989010845730599,
0.010989010845730599,
0,
0,
0.021978021691461198,
0,
0,
0.010989010845730599
] |
[
[
2,
0.29670329749133884
],
[
7,
0.27472527766252275
],
[
14,
0.1648351636172815
],
[
9,
0.06593406693702866
],
[
4,
0.05494505329733045
],
[
0,
0.021978021691461198
],
[
11,
0.021978021691461198
],
[
1,
0.021978021691461198
],
[
21,
0.021978021691461198
],
[
12,
0.010989010845730599
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_94
|
In November 1799, the Alien and Sedition Acts had left one Democratic-Republican newspaper functioning in New York City. When the last newspaper, the New Daily Advertiser, reprinted an article saying that Hamilton had attempted to purchase the Philadelphia Aurora to close it down, and said the purchase could have been funded by "British secret service money". Hamilton urged the New York Attorney General to prosecute the publisher for seditious libel, and the prosecution compelled the owner to close the paper.
|
817.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 817
| null |
november alien_sedition act leave democratic_republican newspaper function new_york city newspaper new daily_advertiser reprint article say hamilton attempt purchase philadelphia_aurora close information_technology say purchase fund british secret_service money hamilton urge new_york attorney_general prosecute publisher seditious_libel prosecution compel owner close paper
|
november alien_and sedition_acts zeitung new_york city verlassen letzter zeitung new daily_advertiser artikel abdrucken besagen hamilton versuchen philadelphia_aurora kaufen schließen kauf britisch geheimdienst geld finanzieren hamilton fordern generalstaatsanwalt new_york verleger heimtückisch_verleumdung verfolgen staatsanwaltschaft zwingen besitzer zeitung_schließen
|
EN_12_94
|
[
0.012500000244472178,
0.012500000244472178,
0.3874999898835085,
0,
0.03750000166473911,
0,
0,
0.012500000244472178,
0,
0.012500000244472178,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.025000000488944355,
0.1124999975436367,
0,
0,
0.012500000244472178,
0,
0,
0.15000000665895644,
0,
0.1875000008731149,
0.03750000166473911
] |
[
[
2,
0.3874999898835085
],
[
23,
0.1875000008731149
],
[
21,
0.15000000665895644
],
[
15,
0.1124999975436367
],
[
24,
0.03750000166473911
],
[
4,
0.03750000166473911
],
[
14,
0.025000000488944355
],
[
18,
0.012500000244472178
],
[
7,
0.012500000244472178
],
[
9,
0.012500000244472178
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_95
|
In the 1800 presidential election, Hamilton worked to defeat both the Democratic-Republicans and also his party's own nominee, John Adams. Aaron Burr had won New York for Jefferson in May via the New York City legislative elections, as the legislature was to choose New York's electors; now Hamilton proposed a direct election, with carefully drawn districts where each district's voters would choose an elector—such that the Federalists would split the electoral vote of New York. Jay, who had resigned from the Supreme Court to become Governor of New York, wrote on the back of a letter, "Proposing a measure for party purposes which it would not become me to adopt," and declined to reply.
|
818.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 818
| null |
presidential_election hamilton work defeat democratic_republicans party_nominee john_adams aaron_burr win new_york jefferson new_york city legislative election legislature_choose new_york elector hamilton propose direct election draw district district voter choose_elector federalists split electoral_vote new_york jay world_health organization resign supreme_court governor new_york write propose measure party purpose information_technology adopt decline reply
|
präsidentschaftswahl arbeiten hamilton kandidat partei john_adams besiegen aaron_burr new_york jefferson mai parlamentswahl new_york city gewinnen legislative new_york wähler_wählen schlagen hamilton direkt_wahl gezeichnet bezirk wähler distrikt wähler_wählen föderalist wahlvotum new_york teilen jay oberer_gerichtshof zurücktreten gouverneur new_york schreiben rückseite brief maßnahme parteizweck vorschlagen übernehmen lehnen antworten
|
EN_12_95
|
[
0.009615384946720531,
0,
0.24999999930150807,
0,
0,
0,
0.009615384946720531,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02884615390883902,
0.11538461563535608,
0.009615384946720531,
0,
0,
0,
0.009615384946720531,
0.009615384946720531,
0.05769230781767804,
0.49999999860301614
] |
[
[
24,
0.49999999860301614
],
[
2,
0.24999999930150807
],
[
16,
0.11538461563535608
],
[
23,
0.05769230781767804
],
[
15,
0.02884615390883902
],
[
17,
0.009615384946720531
],
[
6,
0.009615384946720531
],
[
21,
0.009615384946720531
],
[
22,
0.009615384946720531
],
[
0,
0.009615384946720531
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_96
|
Adams was running this time with Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, the elder brother of former vice presidential candidate Thomas. Hamilton toured New England, again urging northern electors to hold firm for Pinckney in the renewed hope of making Pinckney president; and he again intrigued in South Carolina. Hamilton's ideas involved coaxing middle-state Federalists to assert their non-support for Adams if there was no support for Pinckney and writing to more of the modest supports of Adams concerning his supposed misconduct while president. Hamilton expected to see southern states such as the Carolinas cast their votes for Pinckney and Jefferson, and would result in the former being ahead of both Adams and Jefferson.
|
819.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 819
| null |
adams run time charles_cotesworth pinckney eld_brother presidential_candidate thomas hamilton tour new_england urge northern elector hold firm pinckney renew hope pinckney president intrigue south_carolina hamilton idea involve coax middle state federalists assert non support adams support pinckney write modest support adams concern suppose misconduct president hamilton expect southern_state carolinas cast_vote pinckney jefferson result adams jefferson
|
adams laufen mal charles_cotesworth pinckney alt_bruder ehemalig thomas hamilton tourn new_england fordern wähler norden pinckney erneut hoffnung pinckney präsident standzuhaln hamilton idee beinhalen coaxing mittelstaat föderalist behaupten adams unterstützung pinckney schreiben bescheiden unterstützung adams bezug angeblich fehlverhalten präsident hamilton erwarten südlich staat carolina stimme pinckney jefferson führen ehemalig adams jefferson
|
EN_12_96
|
[
0.018691588227993973,
0.02803738234199096,
0.24299065813979256,
0,
0,
0,
0.018691588227993973,
0,
0.018691588227993973,
0,
0.102803737116612,
0.018691588227993973,
0,
0.009345794113996986,
0,
0.009345794113996986,
0.05607476468398192,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.4766355165776527
] |
[
[
24,
0.4766355165776527
],
[
2,
0.24299065813979256
],
[
10,
0.102803737116612
],
[
16,
0.05607476468398192
],
[
1,
0.02803738234199096
],
[
11,
0.018691588227993973
],
[
8,
0.018691588227993973
],
[
6,
0.018691588227993973
],
[
0,
0.018691588227993973
],
[
13,
0.009345794113996986
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_97
|
In accordance with these plans, and a recent personal rift with Adams, Hamilton wrote a pamphlet called Letter from Alexander Hamilton, Concerning the Public Conduct and Character of John Adams, Esq. President of the United States that was highly critical of him, though it closed with a tepid endorsement.
|
820.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 820
| null |
accordance plan recent personal rift adams hamilton write pamphlet call letter alexander_hamilton concern public conduct character john_adams esq_president united_states critical information_technology close tepid endorsement
|
übereinstimmung plan kürzlich persönlich kluft adams hamilton schreiben broschüre_brief alexander_hamilton betreffend öffentlich führung charakter john_adams esq präsident vereinigt_staat lau zustimmung schließen
|
EN_12_97
|
[
0.02083333426465592,
0.06250000093132259,
0.5208333212261397,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04166666852931184,
0.06250000093132259,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02083333426465592,
0.18750000279396778,
0.08333333705862368
] |
[
[
2,
0.5208333212261397
],
[
23,
0.18750000279396778
],
[
24,
0.08333333705862368
],
[
1,
0.06250000093132259
],
[
16,
0.06250000093132259
],
[
15,
0.04166666852931184
],
[
0,
0.02083333426465592
],
[
22,
0.02083333426465592
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_98
|
Jefferson defeated Adams. But both he and Aaron Burr received 73 votes in the Electoral College. With Jefferson and Burr tied, the U.S. House of Representatives, under electoral laws of the time, had to choose between the two candidates. Several Federalists who opposed Jefferson supported Burr, and for the first 35 ballots, Jefferson was denied a majority. Before the 36th ballot, Hamilton threw his weight behind Jefferson, supporting the arrangement reached by James A. Bayard of Delaware, in which five Federalist representatives from Maryland and Vermont abstained from voting, allowing those states' delegations to go for Jefferson, ending the impasse and electing Jefferson president rather than Burr.
|
821.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 821
| null |
jefferson defeat adams aaron_burr receive vote_electoral college jefferson_burr tie house_representatives electoral law time choose candidate federalists world_health organization oppose jefferson support burr ballot jefferson deny majority ballot hamilton throw_weight jefferson support arrangement reach james bayard delaware federalist representative maryland vermont abstain voting allow state delegation jefferson end impasse elect jefferson president burr
|
jefferson besiegen adams aaron_burr erhalten stimme wahlhochschule jefferson_burr binden usa repräsentantenhaus damalig wahlgesetz kandidat wählen föderalist jefferson kämpfen unterstützt burr wahl jefferson mehrheit verweigern wahl werfen hamilton gewicht jefferson unterstützen james bayard delaware föderalistisch vertreter maryland vermont stimme enthalten delegation staat jefferson sackgasse beenden jefferson präsident burr wählen
|
EN_12_98
|
[
0,
0,
0.29807692349780923,
0,
0,
0,
0.009615384839260232,
0,
0.009615384839260232,
0.009615384839260232,
0,
0.009615384839260232,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.17307692524403903,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.009615384839260232,
0.019230769678520464,
0.4615384573833301
] |
[
[
24,
0.4615384573833301
],
[
2,
0.29807692349780923
],
[
16,
0.17307692524403903
],
[
23,
0.019230769678520464
],
[
22,
0.009615384839260232
],
[
8,
0.009615384839260232
],
[
11,
0.009615384839260232
],
[
9,
0.009615384839260232
],
[
6,
0.009615384839260232
]
] | 24
|
EN_12_99
|
Even though Hamilton disliked Jefferson and disagreed with him on many issues, he viewed Jefferson as the lesser of two evils. Hamilton spoke of Jefferson as being "by far not so a dangerous man" and of Burr as a "mischievous enemy" to the principal measure of the past administration. It was for that reason, along with the fact that Burr was a northerner and not a Virginian, that many Federalist representatives voted for him.
|
822.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 822
| null |
hamilton dislike jefferson disagree issue view jefferson lesser evil hamilton speak jefferson dangerous man burr mischievous enemy principal measure past administration information_technology reason fact burr northerner virginian federalist representative vote
|
hamilton jefferson frage betrachten jefferson klein übel hamilton sprechen jefferson gefährlich mann burr feind hauptmaß vergangenheit verwaltung grund tatsache burr nördlich virginianer stimmen föderalistisch vertreter
|
EN_12_99
|
[
0,
0.01960784321029981,
0.2745098086694875,
0,
0,
0.03921568642059962,
0.01960784321029981,
0.03921568642059962,
0.01960784321029981,
0.01960784321029981,
0,
0,
0,
0.23529411107301731,
0,
0,
0.07843137284119923,
0,
0.07843137284119923,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.01960784321029981,
0.15686274568239847
] |
[
[
2,
0.2745098086694875
],
[
13,
0.23529411107301731
],
[
24,
0.15686274568239847
],
[
16,
0.07843137284119923
],
[
18,
0.07843137284119923
],
[
5,
0.03921568642059962
],
[
7,
0.03921568642059962
],
[
23,
0.01960784321029981
],
[
6,
0.01960784321029981
],
[
9,
0.01960784321029981
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_100
|
Hamilton wrote many letters to friends in Congress to convince the members to see otherwise. In the end, Burr would become vice president after losing to Jefferson. However, according to several historians, the Federalists had rejected Hamilton's diatribe as reasons to not vote for Burr. In his book American Machiavelli: Alexander Hamilton and the Origins of US Foreign Policy, historian John Lamberton Harper stated Hamilton could have "perhaps" contributed "to a degree" in Burr's defeat. Ron Chernow, alternatively, claimed that Hamilton "squelched" Burr's chance at becoming president. When it became clear that Jefferson had developed his own concerns about Burr and would not support his return to the vice presidency, Burr sought the New York governorship in 1804 with Federalist support, against the Jeffersonian Morgan Lewis, but was defeated by forces including Hamilton.
|
823.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 823
| null |
hamilton write friend congress convince member end burr president lose jefferson accord_historian federalists reject hamilton diatribe reason vote burr book american machiavelli alexander_hamilton origins ultrasound foreign_policy historian john lamberton harper state hamilton contribute degree burr defeat ron_chernow hamilton squelch burr chance president information_technology clear jefferson develop concern burr support return presidency burr seek new_york governorship federalist support jeffersonian morgan lewis defeat force include hamilton
|
hamilton schreiben_brief freund kongress mitglied überzeugen sehen burr vizepräsident jefferson verlieren historiker föderalist ablehnen hamilton diatribe grund burr_stimmen buch american machiavelli alexander_hamilton and_the origins_of us foreign_policy erklären historiker john lamberton harper hamilton burrs niederlage gewiß_grad beitragen ron_chernow behaupten hamilton burr chance präsident jefferson sorge burr entwickeln rückkehr unterstützen suchen burr föderalistisch unterstützung new_yorker gouverneurschaft jeffersonian morgan_lewis kraft hamilton besiegen
|
EN_12_100
|
[
0,
0.02362204689209856,
0.40944882769753604,
0,
0,
0.02362204689209856,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0,
0.0393700781534976,
0,
0,
0.00787401563069952,
0.11023621882979327,
0,
0,
0.03149606252279808,
0,
0,
0.09448818756839424,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.25196850018238465
] |
[
[
2,
0.40944882769753604
],
[
24,
0.25196850018238465
],
[
13,
0.11023621882979327
],
[
19,
0.09448818756839424
],
[
9,
0.0393700781534976
],
[
16,
0.03149606252279808
],
[
5,
0.02362204689209856
],
[
1,
0.02362204689209856
],
[
7,
0.00787401563069952
],
[
12,
0.00787401563069952
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_101
|
Soon after Lewis' gubernatorial victory, the Albany Register published Charles D. Cooper's letters, citing Hamilton's opposition to Burr and alleging that Hamilton had expressed "a still more despicable opinion" of the vice president at an Upstate New York dinner party. Cooper claimed that the letter was intercepted after relaying the information, but stated he was "unusually cautious" in recollecting the information from the dinner.
|
824.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 824
| null |
lewis gubernatorial victory albany register publish charles cooper cite hamilton opposition burr allege hamilton express despicable opinion president upstate_new york dinner party cooper intercept relay information state cautious recollect information dinner
|
lewis gubernatorialem sieg veröffentlichen albany register charles cooper briefe berufung hamilton widerstand burr behaupten hamilton verabscheuungswürdiger meinung vizepräsident upstate_new york dinner party ausdrücken cooper behaupten brief übermittlung information abgefangen erklären erinnerung information abendessen
|
EN_12_101
|
[
0,
0.03333333482344944,
0.3833333225299915,
0,
0.050000000372529024,
0.01666666741172472,
0.01666666741172472,
0,
0,
0.050000000372529024,
0.03333333482344944,
0,
0.01666666741172472,
0.08333333519597846,
0,
0.10000000074505805,
0,
0.01666666741172472,
0,
0.03333333482344944,
0,
0,
0.050000000372529024,
0,
0.11666666629413763
] |
[
[
2,
0.3833333225299915
],
[
24,
0.11666666629413763
],
[
15,
0.10000000074505805
],
[
13,
0.08333333519597846
],
[
22,
0.050000000372529024
],
[
9,
0.050000000372529024
],
[
4,
0.050000000372529024
],
[
1,
0.03333333482344944
],
[
19,
0.03333333482344944
],
[
10,
0.03333333482344944
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_102
|
Sensing an attack on his honor, and recovering from his defeat, Burr demanded an apology in the form of a letter. Hamilton wrote a letter in response and ultimately refused because he could not recall the instance of insulting Burr. Hamilton was also accused of recanting Cooper's letter out of cowardice. After a series of attempts to reconcile differences between the two failed, a duel was arranged through liaisons on June 27, 1804.
|
825.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 825
| null |
sense attack honor recover defeat burr demand apology form hamilton write response refuse recall instance insult burr_hamilton accuse recant cooper cowardice series attempt reconcile difference fail duel arrange liaison june
|
burr angriff ehre spüren niederlage erholen verlangen entschuldigung form brief hamilton schreiben_brief weigern fall beleidigung burr erinnern hamilton beschuldigen cooper brief feigheit zurückziehen reihe versuch differenz scheitern duell verbindung juni
|
EN_12_102
|
[
0,
0.016949152763364683,
0.406779651419591,
0,
0.22033898778638603,
0,
0.016949152763364683,
0,
0.033898305526729365,
0.06779661105345873,
0,
0,
0.016949152763364683,
0.08474576567946858,
0,
0,
0.033898305526729365,
0.050847456427448874,
0.016949152763364683,
0.016949152763364683,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.016949152763364683
] |
[
[
2,
0.406779651419591
],
[
4,
0.22033898778638603
],
[
13,
0.08474576567946858
],
[
9,
0.06779661105345873
],
[
17,
0.050847456427448874
],
[
16,
0.033898305526729365
],
[
8,
0.033898305526729365
],
[
19,
0.016949152763364683
],
[
24,
0.016949152763364683
],
[
18,
0.016949152763364683
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_103
|
The concept of honor was fundamental to Hamilton's vision of himself and of the nation. As evidence of the importance that honor held in Hamilton's value system, historians observe that Hamilton previously was a party to seven "affairs of honor" as a principal, and to three as an advisor or second. Such affairs of honor were often concluded prior to reaching the final stage of a duel.
|
826.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 826
| null |
concept honor fundamental hamilton_vision nation evidence importance honor hold hamilton value system historian observe hamilton party affair honor principal advisor second affair honor conclude reach final stage duel
|
konzept ehre hamilton_vision nation beweis bedeutung ehre wertsystem halten historiker feststellen hamilton partei ehrenseit principal berater ehrenangelegenheite erreichen letzter stufe duell abschließen
|
EN_12_103
|
[
0,
0.02083333348855376,
0.31249999301508086,
0.02083333348855376,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04166666697710752,
0.04166666697710752,
0,
0.04166666697710752,
0.27083333721384395,
0,
0.02083333348855376,
0.02083333348855376,
0.02083333348855376,
0.02083333348855376,
0,
0.08333333395421504,
0,
0.04166666697710752,
0,
0.04166666697710752
] |
[
[
2,
0.31249999301508086
],
[
13,
0.27083333721384395
],
[
20,
0.08333333395421504
],
[
24,
0.04166666697710752
],
[
22,
0.04166666697710752
],
[
12,
0.04166666697710752
],
[
9,
0.04166666697710752
],
[
10,
0.04166666697710752
],
[
17,
0.02083333348855376
],
[
18,
0.02083333348855376
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_104
|
Before the duel, Hamilton wrote an explanation of his decision to participate while at the same time intending to "throw away" his shot. His desire to be available for future political matters also played a factor. A week before the duel, Hamilton and Burr both attended an annual Independence Day dinner held by the Society of the Cincinnati. Separate accounts confirm that Hamilton was uncharacteristically effusive while Burr was, by contrast, uncharacteristically withdrawn. Accounts also agree that Burr became roused when Hamilton, again uncharacteristically, sang a favorite song, which recent scholarship indicates was "How Stands the Glass Around", an anthem sung by military troops about fighting and dying in war.
|
827.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 827
| null |
duel hamilton write explanation decision participate time intend throw shot desire available future political matter play factor week duel hamilton burr attend annual independence day dinner hold society_cincinnati separate account confirm hamilton effusive burr contrast withdraw account agree burr rouse hamilton sing favorite song recent_scholarship indicate stand glass anthem sing military troop fight die war
|
duell hamilton schreiben erklärung entscheidung absicht wirf weg schuss wunsch künftig politisch angelegenheit verfügung_stehen spielen_rolle woche duell nehmen hamilton burr jährlich independence_day dinner gesellschaft_cincinnati getrennte konto bestätigen hamilton burr zurückziehen bericht stimmen burr begeistern hamilton singen lieblingslied stipendium hinweisen the hymne singen militärtruppe kampf tod krieg
|
EN_12_104
|
[
0.009803921742109103,
0,
0.46078430790928954,
0.009803921742109103,
0.1470588270629591,
0,
0.009803921742109103,
0,
0,
0.039215686968436414,
0,
0.029411764295004753,
0.009803921742109103,
0.058823528590009506,
0.029411764295004753,
0.009803921742109103,
0.049019607779222964,
0.049019607779222964,
0.019607843484218207,
0,
0.06862745312608629,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.46078430790928954
],
[
4,
0.1470588270629591
],
[
20,
0.06862745312608629
],
[
13,
0.058823528590009506
],
[
17,
0.049019607779222964
],
[
16,
0.049019607779222964
],
[
9,
0.039215686968436414
],
[
14,
0.029411764295004753
],
[
11,
0.029411764295004753
],
[
18,
0.019607843484218207
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_105
|
The duel began at dawn on July 11, 1804, along the west bank of the Hudson River on a rocky ledge in Weehawken, New Jersey. Both opponents were rowed over from Manhattan separately from different locations, since the location of the duel was not accessible from the west due to the steepness of the adjoining cliffs. Coincidentally, the duel took place relatively close to the location of the duel that had ended the life of Hamilton's eldest son, Philip Hamilton, three years earlier. Lots were cast for the choice of position and which second should start the duel. Both were won by Hamilton's second, who chose the upper edge of the ledge for Hamilton facing the city and the rising sun to the east. After the seconds measured the paces, Hamilton, according to both William P. Van Ness and Burr, raised his pistol "as if to try the light" and had to wear his glasses to prevent his vision from being obscured. Hamilton also refused the more sensitive hairspring setting for the dueling pistols offered by Nathaniel Pendleton, and Burr was unaware of the option.
|
828.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 828
| null |
duel begin dawn july west bank_hudson river rocky ledge weehawken new_jersey opponent row manhattan different location location duel accessible west steepness adjoining cliff duel place close location duel end life hamilton eld_son philip hamilton year lot cast choice position second start duel win hamilton second world_health organization choose upper edge ledge hamilton face city rise_sun east second measure pace hamilton accord william van_ness burr raise pistol light wear glass prevent vision obscure hamilton refuse sensitive hairspre set duel pistol offer nathaniel_pendleton burr unaware option
|
duell beginnen morgendämmerung juli westufer hudson_river felsvorsprung weehawke new_jersey gegner manhattan trennen verschieden_ort überruderen lage duell steilheit angrenzend klippe westen finden duell ort duell leben hamilton ältest_sohn philip hamilton beenden lose wahl position gegossen sekunde duell starten hamilton zweitem gewinnen oberer rand kante hamilton stadt aufgehend_sonne osten wählen sekunde messen geschwindigkeit hamilton william p van_ness burr heben pistole licht versuchen brille tragen verhindern vision verdunkeln hamilton lehnen empfindlich haarfederneinstellung duellpistole nathaniel_pendleton burr option
|
EN_12_105
|
[
0.08227848204123916,
0.006329114038992343,
0.32911392816495666,
0,
0.03797468143998635,
0.006329114038992343,
0.012658228077984685,
0,
0.006329114038992343,
0.006329114038992343,
0.044303796875962545,
0,
0,
0.031645569729300424,
0.018987340719993175,
0,
0,
0.06329113945860085,
0.044303796875962545,
0,
0.006329114038992343,
0,
0.1962025300864885,
0,
0.10759493633456339
] |
[
[
2,
0.32911392816495666
],
[
22,
0.1962025300864885
],
[
24,
0.10759493633456339
],
[
0,
0.08227848204123916
],
[
17,
0.06329113945860085
],
[
18,
0.044303796875962545
],
[
10,
0.044303796875962545
],
[
4,
0.03797468143998635
],
[
13,
0.031645569729300424
],
[
14,
0.018987340719993175
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_106
|
Burr shot Hamilton, delivering what proved to be a fatal wound, while Hamilton apparently "deloped", as he had indicated was his intention in his letter beforehand; and his shot went well above Burr's head, breaking a tree branch. The seconds, Pendleton and Van Ness, disagreed on which man fired first in the duel. Soon after, they measured and triangulated the shooting, but could not determine from which angle Hamilton had fired. Biographer Ron Chernow contends that, after taking deliberate aim, Burr fired second. Biographer James Earnest Cooke, however, believes that Burr took careful aim and shot first, and Hamilton fired while falling after being struck by Burr's bullet.
|
829.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 829
| null |
burr shot hamilton deliver prove fatal wound hamilton delope indicate intention shot burr head break tree branch second pendleton van_ness disagree man fire duel measure triangulate shooting determine angle hamilton fire biographer_ron chernow contend deliberate aim burr fire biographer james earnest cooke believe burr careful aim shoot hamilton fire fall strike burr bullet
|
burr erschoss hamilton tödlich_wunde erweisen hamilton abgeben andeuten absicht brief schuss burrs kopf baumzweig sekunde pendleton van_ness mann feuern duell maßen triangulierten schießerei feststellen winkel hamilton schießen biograph_ron chernow_behaupten burr absichtlich zielergreifung biograph james earnest cooke glauben burr zielen schoss hamilton feuern burrs kugel treffen
|
EN_12_106
|
[
0.010638297644463623,
0.010638297644463623,
0.5000000051222742,
0,
0.04255319057785449,
0.010638297644463623,
0,
0.021276595288927246,
0.11702127874571278,
0,
0.021276595288927246,
0,
0,
0.03191489386471345,
0,
0,
0,
0.180851059024559,
0.03191489386471345,
0,
0,
0,
0.021276595288927246,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.5000000051222742
],
[
17,
0.180851059024559
],
[
8,
0.11702127874571278
],
[
4,
0.04255319057785449
],
[
18,
0.03191489386471345
],
[
13,
0.03191489386471345
],
[
22,
0.021276595288927246
],
[
7,
0.021276595288927246
],
[
10,
0.021276595288927246
],
[
1,
0.010638297644463623
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_107
|
The shot hit Hamilton in the lower abdomen above his right hip. The ball ricocheted off Hamilton's second or third false rib, fracturing it and causing considerable damage to his internal organs, particularly his liver and diaphragm, before becoming lodged in his first or second lumbar vertebra.
|
830.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 830
| null |
shot_hit hamilton low abdomen right hip ball ricochet hamilton second false rib fracture information_technology cause_considerable damage internal organ liver diaphragm lodge second lumbar vertebra
|
schuss treffen hamilton unterbauch hüfte ball riss falsch rippe frakturiern verursacht_erheblich schaden innerer organ leber zwerchfell lendenwirbel unterbringen
|
EN_12_107
|
[
0.025000000093132257,
0.025000000093132257,
0.12499999860301615,
0,
0.0750000021420419,
0.0750000021420419,
0,
0.025000000093132257,
0.37499999580904847,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.025000000093132257,
0.12499999860301615,
0.050000000186264514,
0,
0,
0,
0.0750000021420419,
0,
0
] |
[
[
8,
0.37499999580904847
],
[
2,
0.12499999860301615
],
[
17,
0.12499999860301615
],
[
22,
0.0750000021420419
],
[
4,
0.0750000021420419
],
[
5,
0.0750000021420419
],
[
18,
0.050000000186264514
],
[
16,
0.025000000093132257
],
[
7,
0.025000000093132257
],
[
1,
0.025000000093132257
]
] | 8
|
EN_12_108
|
The paralyzed Hamilton was immediately attended by the same surgeon who tended to Hamilton's son Philip. Hamilton was ferried to Greenwich Village and the boarding house of his friend William Bayard Jr., who was waiting on the dock. On his deathbed, Hamilton asked the Episcopal Bishop of New York, Benjamin Moore, to give him holy communion. Moore initially declined to do so on the grounds that participating in a duel was a mortal sin and that Hamilton, although undoubtedly sincere in his faith, was not a member of the Episcopalian denomination. After leaving, Moore was persuaded to return that afternoon by the urgent pleas of Hamilton's friends. After hearing Hamilton's solemn assurance that he repented his role in the duel, Moore gave him communion.
|
831.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 831
| null |
paralyzed hamilton attend surgeon world_health organization tend hamilton son_philip hamilton ferry greenwich_village boarding_house friend william bayard world_health organization wait dock deathbe hamilton ask episcopal_bishop new_york benjamin_moore holy_communion moore decline ground participate duel mortal_sin hamilton sincere faith member episcopalian denomination leave moore persuade return afternoon urgent plea hamilton friend hear hamilton solemn assurance repent role duel moore communion
|
gelähmt hamilton chirurg besuchen hamilton sohn philip neigen hamilton greenwich_village pension freund william bayard dock warten bringen sterbebett bitten hamilton bischof new_york benjamin_moore heilig_kommunion geben moore lehnen_begründung teilnahme duell todsünde hamilton glaube mitglied bischöflich konfession abreise moore überzeugen nachmittag dringend bitte freund hamilton feierlich zusicherung gehören rolle duell bereute moore kommunion
|
EN_12_108
|
[
0,
0,
0.44827586245434037,
0.20689655763321907,
0.15517240704904345,
0.00862068959094327,
0.00862068959094327,
0.00862068959094327,
0.03448275836377308,
0,
0.025862069704152384,
0,
0,
0.00862068959094327,
0,
0.025862069704152384,
0.00862068959094327,
0,
0.01724137918188654,
0,
0.03448275836377308,
0,
0.00862068959094327,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.44827586245434037
],
[
3,
0.20689655763321907
],
[
4,
0.15517240704904345
],
[
8,
0.03448275836377308
],
[
20,
0.03448275836377308
],
[
15,
0.025862069704152384
],
[
10,
0.025862069704152384
],
[
18,
0.01724137918188654
],
[
16,
0.00862068959094327
],
[
5,
0.00862068959094327
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_109
|
After final visits from his family, friends, and considerable suffering for at least 31 hours, Hamilton died at two o'clock the following afternoon, July 12, 1804, at Bayard's home just below present-day Gansevoort Street in Greenwich Village, New York City. The city fathers halted all business at noon two days later for Hamilton's funeral. The procession route of about two miles organized by the Society of the Cincinnati had so many participants of every class of citizen that it took hours to complete and was widely reported nationwide by newspapers. Moore conducted Hamilton's funeral service at Trinity Church at present-day 89 Broadway in Manhattan. Gouverneur Morris gave the eulogy and secretly established a fund to support his widow and children. Hamilton was buried in the church's cemetery.
|
832.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 832
| null |
final visit family friend considerable suffering hour hamilton die clock follow afternoon july bayard home day gansevoort street greenwich_village new_york city city father halt business noon day hamilton funeral_procession route mile organize society_cincinnati participant class citizen information_technology hour complete report newspaper moore conduct hamilton funeral_service trinity_church day broadway manhattan gouverneur_morris eulogy establish fund support widow_child hamilton bury church cemetery
|
letzter besuch familie freund schwer leiden stunde sterben hamilton folgend nachmittag juli haus heutig gansevoort street greenwich_village new_york city stadtväter stoppen geschäft hamilton beerdigung prozession strecke meile gesellschaft_cincinnati organisieren teilnehmer klasse bürger stunde_dauern abschließen zeitung_berichten moore dirigieren hamiltons trauergottesdienst trinity_church heutig broadway manhattan gouverneur_morris laudatio gründen fonds unterstützung witwe_kind hamilton friedhof kirche begraben
|
EN_12_109
|
[
0,
0.01600000046193599,
0.12800000369548792,
0.0399999983608723,
0.12800000369548792,
0,
0,
0,
0.023999999761581424,
0,
0.19999999925494194,
0,
0,
0.01600000046193599,
0,
0.056000000685453404,
0.03200000092387198,
0.1199999950826169,
0,
0,
0.10400000020861626,
0.0399999983608723,
0.0959999990463257,
0,
0
] |
[
[
10,
0.19999999925494194
],
[
4,
0.12800000369548792
],
[
2,
0.12800000369548792
],
[
17,
0.1199999950826169
],
[
20,
0.10400000020861626
],
[
22,
0.0959999990463257
],
[
15,
0.056000000685453404
],
[
21,
0.0399999983608723
],
[
3,
0.0399999983608723
],
[
16,
0.03200000092387198
]
] | 10
|
EN_12_110
|
As a youth in the West Indies, Hamilton was an Orthodox and conventional Presbyterian of the New Lights; he was mentored there by a former student of John Witherspoon, a moderate of the New School. He wrote two or three hymns, which were published in the local newspaper. Robert Troup, his college roommate, noted that Hamilton was "in the habit of praying on his knees night and morning".
|
833.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 833
| null |
youth west_indies hamilton orthodox conventional presbyterian new lights mentor student john_witherspoon moderate new school write hymn publish local newspaper robert_troup college roommate note hamilton habit pray knee night morning
|
jugendliche westindie hamilton orthodoxer konventionell presbyterianer licht ehemalig schüler john_witherspoon moderat schule betreuen schreiben hymn lokal_zeitung veröffentlichen robert_troup bemerken hamilton gewohnheit kni nacht beten
|
EN_12_110
|
[
0,
0.01754385991054669,
0.29824561102871305,
0.15789473174433954,
0.052631579731640066,
0,
0.01754385991054669,
0.01754385991054669,
0.052631579731640066,
0,
0.03508771982109338,
0.03508771982109338,
0.01754385991054669,
0.07017543964218675,
0,
0.01754385991054669,
0.01754385991054669,
0,
0.052631579731640066,
0,
0.10526315946328013,
0,
0.01754385991054669,
0,
0.01754385991054669
] |
[
[
2,
0.29824561102871305
],
[
3,
0.15789473174433954
],
[
20,
0.10526315946328013
],
[
13,
0.07017543964218675
],
[
18,
0.052631579731640066
],
[
8,
0.052631579731640066
],
[
4,
0.052631579731640066
],
[
11,
0.03508771982109338
],
[
10,
0.03508771982109338
],
[
1,
0.01754385991054669
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_111
|
During the American Revolution, however, Hamilton became less religious and instead became "a conventional liberal with theistic inclinations who was an irregular churchgoer at best," according to Brown University historian Gordon S. Wood. In his final years of life, though, Hamilton returned to his Protestant faith, and was Episcopalian. Historian Ron Chernow wrote:
|
834.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 834
| null |
american_revolution hamilton religious conventional liberal theistic inclination world_health organization irregular churchgoer good accord brown university historian_gordon wood final year life hamilton return protestant_faith episcopalian historian ron_chernow write
|
amerikanisch_revolution hamilton stattdessen konventionell liberale theistisch neigung unregelmäßig kirchgänger brown university historiker_gordon holz letzter_lebensjahr kehren hamilton protestantisch_glaube historiker ron_chernow schreiben
|
EN_12_111
|
[
0,
0,
0.240740744466031,
0.14814814814814814,
0,
0.09259258886730232,
0,
0,
0.018518518518518517,
0,
0.05555555555555555,
0.018518518518518517,
0,
0.20370369997841342,
0,
0,
0,
0.018518518518518517,
0,
0.16666667039195693,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.037037037037037035
] |
[
[
2,
0.240740744466031
],
[
13,
0.20370369997841342
],
[
19,
0.16666667039195693
],
[
3,
0.14814814814814814
],
[
5,
0.09259258886730232
],
[
10,
0.05555555555555555
],
[
24,
0.037037037037037035
],
[
11,
0.018518518518518517
],
[
17,
0.018518518518518517
],
[
8,
0.018518518518518517
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_112
|
[H]e was not clearly affiliated with the denomination and did not seem to attend church regularly or take communion. Like Adams, Franklin, and Jefferson, Hamilton had probably fallen under the sway of deism, which sought to substitute reason for revelation and dropped the notion of an active God who intervened in human affairs. At the same time, he never doubted God's existence, embracing Christianity as a system of morality and cosmic justice.
|
835.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 835
| null |
affiliate denomination attend church communion adams franklin jefferson hamilton fall sway deism seek substitute reason revelation drop notion active god world_health organization intervene human affair time doubt god existence embrace christianity system morality cosmic justice
|
h konfession verbinden scheinen kirche besuchen kommunion nehmen adam franklin jefferson hamilton herrschaft deismus fallen grund offenbarung ersetzen suchen begriff aktiv gott fallen_lassen menschlich_angelegenheit interveniert zweifeln gott existenz umarmen christentum system_moral kosmisch gerechtigkeit
|
EN_12_112
|
[
0,
0.029850745684842563,
0.1791044778343457,
0.32835820439591334,
0.029850745684842563,
0,
0.014925372842421281,
0.014925372842421281,
0,
0.029850745684842563,
0.014925372842421281,
0.014925372842421281,
0,
0.3134328436606856,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.014925372842421281,
0,
0,
0.014925372842421281
] |
[
[
3,
0.32835820439591334
],
[
13,
0.3134328436606856
],
[
2,
0.1791044778343457
],
[
9,
0.029850745684842563
],
[
1,
0.029850745684842563
],
[
4,
0.029850745684842563
],
[
11,
0.014925372842421281
],
[
21,
0.014925372842421281
],
[
24,
0.014925372842421281
],
[
7,
0.014925372842421281
]
] | 3
|
EN_12_113
|
When the Constitutional Convention opened in Philadelphia in May 1787, stories circulated that Hamilton made two quips about God at the convention. Asked by a Presbyterian minister why God was not referenced in the Constitution, Hamilton responded "Indeed, Doctor, we forgot it." When Benjamin Franklin asked that each session of the Constitutional Convention be opened with prayer, Hamilton is reported to have replied that there was no need for "foreign aid". During the French Revolution, Hamilton displayed a utilitarian approach to using religion for political ends, including maligning Thomas Jefferson as "the atheist", and insisting that Christianity and Jeffersonian democracy were incompatible. After 1801, Hamilton expressed his belief in Christianity, proposing a Christian Constitutional Society in 1802 to take hold of "some strong feeling of the mind" to elect "fit men" to office, and advocating "Christian welfare societies" for the poor.
|
836.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 836
| null |
constitutional_convention open philadelphia story circulate hamilton quip god convention ask presbyterian_minister god reference constitution hamilton respond doctor forget information_technology benjamin_franklin ask session constitutional_convention open prayer hamilton report reply need foreign aid french_revolution hamilton display utilitarian approach religion political end include malign thomas_jefferson atheist insist christianity jeffersonian_democracy incompatible hamilton express belief christianity propose christian constitutional society hold strong feeling mind elect fit man office advocate christian welfare society poor
|
verfassungskonvent mai philadelphia eröffnen verbreitet geschichte hamilton kongreß scheu gott frage presbyterianisch minister gott verfassung verweisen hamilton antworten doktor vergessen benjamin_franklin bitten sitzung verfassungskonvention gebet eröffnen hamilton berichten antworten notwendigkeit füar ausländisch hilfe französisch_revolution zeigen hamilton utilitaristisch ansatz religion politisch zweck verwenden verleumdung thomas_jefferson atheist bestehen christentum jeffersonian_demokratie drücken hamilton glaube_christentum christlich konstitutionsgesellschaft vorschlagen stark gefühl geist ergreifen tauglich mann amt wählen füar christlich wohlfahrtsgesellschaft arme einsetzen
|
EN_12_113
|
[
0.0072992698860483915,
0,
0.24817518450754833,
0.19708029577087088,
0.0072992698860483915,
0,
0.029197079544193566,
0.021897809192483894,
0.014598539772096783,
0.0072992698860483915,
0,
0.0072992698860483915,
0,
0.18248174761687108,
0,
0,
0.19708029577087088,
0,
0.029197079544193566,
0.021897809192483894,
0.029197079544193566,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.24817518450754833
],
[
3,
0.19708029577087088
],
[
16,
0.19708029577087088
],
[
13,
0.18248174761687108
],
[
18,
0.029197079544193566
],
[
6,
0.029197079544193566
],
[
20,
0.029197079544193566
],
[
19,
0.021897809192483894
],
[
7,
0.021897809192483894
],
[
8,
0.014598539772096783
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_114
|
After being shot in his duel with Aaron Burr on July 11, 1804, Hamilton spoke of his belief in God's mercy. On his deathbed, Hamilton asked the Episcopal Bishop of New York, Benjamin Moore, to give him holy communion. Moore initially declined to do so, on two grounds: that to participate in a duel was a mortal sin, and that Hamilton, although undoubtedly sincere in his faith, was not a member of the Episcopalian denomination. After leaving, Moore was persuaded to return that afternoon following urgent pleas of Hamilton's friends. After receiving Hamilton's solemn assurance that he never intended to shoot Burr and repented for his part in the duel, Moore gave him communion. Bishop Moore returned the next morning, stayed with Hamilton for several hours until his death, and conducted his subsequent funeral service at Trinity Church.
|
837.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 837
| null |
shoot duel aaron_burr july hamilton speak belief god mercy deathbe hamilton ask episcopal_bishop new_york benjamin_moore holy_communion moore decline ground participate duel mortal_sin hamilton sincere faith member episcopalian denomination leave moore persuade return afternoon follow urgent plea hamilton friend receive hamilton solemn assurance intend shoot burr repent duel moore communion bishop moore return morning stay hamilton hour death conduct subsequent funeral_service trinity_church
|
hamilton juli duell aaron_burr erschießen sprechen glaube_gott barmherzigkeit sterbebett bitten hamilton bischof new_york benjamin_moore heilig_kommunion geben moore ablehnen grund teilnahme duell todsünde hamilton glaube mitglied bischöflich konfession abreise moore überreden nachmittag dringend bitte hamilton freund zurückkehren hamilton feierlich zusicherung_erhalten burr erschießen rolle duell bereuen moore kommunion bischof moore kehren nächster bleiben stunde hamilton tod führen anschließend trauergottesdienst trinity_church
|
EN_12_114
|
[
0,
0.015625,
0.375,
0.3046875,
0.25,
0,
0,
0.0078125,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0078125,
0,
0,
0.0078125,
0.015625,
0.0078125,
0,
0.0078125,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.375
],
[
3,
0.3046875
],
[
4,
0.25
],
[
1,
0.015625
],
[
17,
0.015625
],
[
18,
0.0078125
],
[
20,
0.0078125
],
[
16,
0.0078125
],
[
13,
0.0078125
],
[
7,
0.0078125
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_115
|
Hamilton's birthplace had a large Jewish community, comprising roughly a quarter of Charlestown's white population by the 1720s. He came into contact with Jews on a regular basis; as a small boy, he was tutored by a Jewish schoolmistress, and had learned to recite the Ten Commandments in the original Hebrew.
|
838.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 838
| null |
hamilton birthplace large jewish_community comprise quarter charlestown white population contact jews regular basis small boy tutor jewish schoolmistress learn recite commandments original hebrew
|
hamilton geburtsort jüdisch_gemeinde viertel weiß bevölkerung charlestowns umfassen jude kontakt junge jüdisch schullehrerin unterrichten lernen gebot ursprünglich hebräisch rezitieren
|
EN_12_115
|
[
0,
0,
0.119047616741487,
0.30952381395867884,
0.023809523720826422,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.047619047441652844,
0.2142857116247927,
0.047619047441652844,
0,
0,
0,
0.047619047441652844,
0.047619047441652844,
0,
0,
0.047619047441652844,
0.023809523720826422,
0.07142857302512438,
0,
0
] |
[
[
3,
0.30952381395867884
],
[
11,
0.2142857116247927
],
[
2,
0.119047616741487
],
[
22,
0.07142857302512438
],
[
17,
0.047619047441652844
],
[
12,
0.047619047441652844
],
[
20,
0.047619047441652844
],
[
16,
0.047619047441652844
],
[
10,
0.047619047441652844
],
[
21,
0.023809523720826422
]
] | 3
|
EN_12_116
|
Hamilton exhibited a respect for Jews, which was described as "a lifelong reverence." He believed that Jewish achievement was a result of divine providence:
|
839.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 839
| null |
hamilton exhibit respect jews describe lifelong reverence believe jewish achievement result divine_providence
|
hamilton zeigen respekt jude lebenslang ehrfurcht beschreiben glauben jüdisch leistung ergebnis göttlich_vorsehung
|
EN_12_116
|
[
0,
0,
0.1666666716337204,
0.4166666567325592,
0,
0,
0,
0.0416666679084301,
0,
0,
0,
0.0833333358168602,
0,
0.125,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.125,
0,
0.0416666679084301,
0,
0
] |
[
[
3,
0.4166666567325592
],
[
2,
0.1666666716337204
],
[
13,
0.125
],
[
20,
0.125
],
[
11,
0.0833333358168602
],
[
22,
0.0416666679084301
],
[
7,
0.0416666679084301
]
] | 3
|
EN_12_117
|
The state and progress of the Jews, from their earliest history to the present time, has been so entirely out of the ordinary course of human affairs, is it not then a fair conclusion, that the cause also is an extraordinary one—in other words, that it is the effect of some great providential plan? The man who will draw this conclusion, will look for the solution in the Bible. He who will not draw it ought to give us another fair solution.
|
840.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 840
| null |
state progress jews early history time ordinary course human affair information_technology fair conclusion extraordinary word information_technology effect great providential plan man world_health organization draw_conclusion look solution bible world_health organization draw information_technology ultrasound fair solution
|
zustand fortschritt jude frühest geschichte heutig normal verlauf menschlich_angelegenheit fair schluss ursache außergewöhnlich wort wirkung vorsehungsplan mann schlussfolgerung_ziehen lösung bibel suchen zeichnen gerecht lösung geben
|
EN_12_117
|
[
0,
0.05660377358490566,
0.03773584905660377,
0.18867924528301888,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.11320754716981132,
0,
0,
0.05660377358490566,
0.018867924528301886,
0.4528301886792453,
0,
0,
0.03773584905660377,
0,
0,
0.018867924528301886,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.018867924528301886
] |
[
[
13,
0.4528301886792453
],
[
3,
0.18867924528301888
],
[
8,
0.11320754716981132
],
[
11,
0.05660377358490566
],
[
1,
0.05660377358490566
],
[
2,
0.03773584905660377
],
[
16,
0.03773584905660377
],
[
24,
0.018867924528301886
],
[
19,
0.018867924528301886
],
[
12,
0.018867924528301886
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_118
|
Based primarily on the phonetic similarity of Lavien to a common Jewish surname, it has been suggested that Johann Lavien, the first husband of Hamilton's mother, was Jewish or of Jewish descent. On this contested foundation, it was rumored that Hamilton himself was born Jewish, a claim that gained some popularity early in the 20th century and which was given serious consideration by one present-day historian. The belief that Lavien was Jewish was popularized by Gertrude Atherton in her 1902 novel The Conqueror, a fictionalized biography of Hamilton which made the earliest known written assertion that Hamilton was Jewish. The consensus of mainstream scholars and historians, however, is that Hamilton was not Jewish.
|
841.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 841
| null |
base phonetic similarity lavien common jewish surname information_technology suggest johann lavien husband hamilton mother jewish jewish descent contest foundation information_technology rumor hamilton bear jewish gain_popularity century consideration day historian belief lavien jewish popularize gertrude atherton novel conqueror fictionalize biography hamilton early know write assertion hamilton jewish consensus mainstream scholar_historian hamilton jewish
|
grundlage phonetisch ähnlichkeit lavie gemeinsam jüdisch nachnam vorschlagen johann lavien ehemann hamiltons mutter jüdisch jüdisch abstammung umstritten stiftung munkeln hamilton jude gebären behauptung anfang_jahrhundert gewiß popularität erlangen heutig historiker betracht_ziehen glaube lavien gertrude atherton erschienen_roman the conqueror popularisieren fiktiv biographie hamilton früheste schriftlich behauptung hamilton konsens historiker hamilton
|
EN_12_118
|
[
0,
0.040404040817961555,
0.28282827454985987,
0.15151515772396876,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.020202020408980777,
0.16161616327184622,
0,
0.040404040817961555,
0.14141413727492994,
0,
0.03030303154479375,
0.03030303154479375,
0,
0,
0.08080808163592311,
0,
0.020202020408980777,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.28282827454985987
],
[
10,
0.16161616327184622
],
[
3,
0.15151515772396876
],
[
13,
0.14141413727492994
],
[
19,
0.08080808163592311
],
[
1,
0.040404040817961555
],
[
12,
0.040404040817961555
],
[
16,
0.03030303154479375
],
[
15,
0.03030303154479375
],
[
21,
0.020202020408980777
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_119
|
Hamilton's interpretations of the Constitution, which are set forth in The Federalist Papers, remain highly influential, and continue to be cited in scholarly studies and court decisions. Although the Constitution was ambiguous as to the exact balance of power between national and state governments, Hamilton consistently took the side of greater federal power at the expense of the states, which placed him at odds with Thomas Jefferson and other Founding Fathers. Jefferson especially opposed Hamilton's support of a de facto central bank, which Hamilton believed was permissible under Congress's constitutional authority to issue currency, regulate interstate commerce, and do anything else that would be "necessary and proper" to enact the provisions of the Constitution.
|
842.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 842
| null |
hamilton interpretation_constitution set federalist_papers remain influential continue cite scholarly_study court_decision constitution ambiguous exact balance_power national state government hamilton great federal power expense state place odd thomas_jefferson founding_father jefferson oppose hamilton support central bank hamilton believe permissible congress constitutional authority issue currency regulate_interstate commerce necessary_proper enact provision constitution
|
interpretation_verfassung federalist_papers darlegen bleiben wissenschaftlich_studie gerichtsentscheidunge zitieren verfassung genau balance national staatlich_regierung hamilton seite föderal kosten staat widerspruch thomas_jefferson gründungsväter jefferson sprechen hamilton unterstützung zentralbank hamilton verfassungsmäßig autorität kongreß ausgabe währung regulierung zwischenstaatlich_handel bestimmung verfassung erlassen
|
EN_12_119
|
[
0,
0,
0.282608693404852,
0.010869565632437243,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.010869565632437243,
0,
0.010869565632437243,
0,
0,
0.021739131264874485,
0,
0.010869565632437243,
0.29347825624332147,
0,
0,
0.010869565632437243,
0.021739131264874485,
0.11956522102548707,
0,
0.20652173863440426,
0
] |
[
[
16,
0.29347825624332147
],
[
2,
0.282608693404852
],
[
23,
0.20652173863440426
],
[
21,
0.11956522102548707
],
[
20,
0.021739131264874485
],
[
13,
0.021739131264874485
],
[
8,
0.010869565632437243
],
[
15,
0.010869565632437243
],
[
19,
0.010869565632437243
],
[
3,
0.010869565632437243
]
] | 16
|
EN_12_120
|
Jefferson, however, took a differing view. Parsing text carefully, Jefferson argued that no specific authorization for the establishment of a national bank existed. The controversy between the two was addressed in McCulloch v. Maryland, which largely adopted Hamilton's view, granting the federal government broad freedom to select the best means to execute its constitutionally enumerated powers and confirmed the doctrine of implied powers. The American Civil War and the Progressive Era, Hamilton's defenders argue, demonstrated the sorts of crises and politics that Hamilton's administrative republic sought to avoid.
|
843.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 843
| null |
jefferson differ view parse text jefferson argue specific authorization establishment national_bank exist controversy address mcculloch_maryland adopt hamilton view grant federal_government broad freedom select good mean execute enumerate_power confirm doctrine imply_power american civil_war progressive_era hamilton defender argue demonstrate sort crisis politic hamilton administrative republic seek avoid
|
jefferson vertreten ansicht text parsing jefferson argumentieren spezifisch genehmigung einrichtung national_bank existieren kontroverse mcculloch_maryland ansicht annehmen gewähren bundesregierung breit freiheit wählen aufgezählt_befugnis ausführen bestätigen doktrin implizit_befugnis hamiltons verteidiger argumentieren amerikanisch_bürgerkrieg progressiv ära art krise politik demonstrieren hamilton verwaltungsrepublik vermeiden suchen
|
EN_12_120
|
[
0,
0.010752688182057232,
0.12903225445939648,
0,
0.010752688182057232,
0,
0,
0.010752688182057232,
0,
0.04301075272822893,
0,
0,
0.010752688182057232,
0.37634408544068054,
0,
0.010752688182057232,
0.1720430109129157,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.06451612722969824,
0,
0.1505376401367367,
0.010752688182057232
] |
[
[
13,
0.37634408544068054
],
[
16,
0.1720430109129157
],
[
23,
0.1505376401367367
],
[
2,
0.12903225445939648
],
[
21,
0.06451612722969824
],
[
9,
0.04301075272822893
],
[
12,
0.010752688182057232
],
[
24,
0.010752688182057232
],
[
4,
0.010752688182057232
],
[
7,
0.010752688182057232
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_121
|
Hamilton's policies have proven greatly influential on the development of the U.S. government. His constitutional interpretation, particularly of the Necessary and Proper Clause, set precedents for federal authority that are still cited by courts and are considered an authority on constitutional interpretation. French diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, who spent 1794 in the United States, wrote, "I consider Napoleon, Fox, and Hamilton the three greatest men of our epoch, and if I were forced to decide between the three, I would give without hesitation the first place to Hamilton," adding that Hamilton understood the problems of European conservatives trying to adapt to a liberalizing world.
|
844.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 844
| null |
hamilton policy prove influential development government constitutional interpretation necessary_proper clause set precedent federal authority cite court consider authority constitutional interpretation french diplomat charles_maurice talleyrand_périgord world_health organization spend united_states write consider napoleon fox hamilton great man epoch force decide hesitation place hamilton add hamilton understand problem european conservative adapt liberalize world
|
politik entwicklung usa erweisen regierung konstitutionell auslegung notwendig_klausel setzen präzedenzfälle bundesbehörde gericht zitieren autorität konstitutionell auslegung gelten französisch diplomat charles maurice_de vereinigt_staat verbringen schreiben betrachten napoleon fox hamilton mann epoche zwingen drei entscheiden hamilton zögern platz geben fügen hamilton problem europäisch konservative verstehen liberalisierend welt anpassen
|
EN_12_121
|
[
0.01086956539960659,
0.02173913079921318,
0.11956521846434992,
0.0326086952674972,
0.04347826159842636,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0326086952674972,
0,
0.04347826159842636,
0.01086956539960659,
0.18478260899934432,
0.11956521846434992,
0,
0.01086956539960659,
0,
0.08695652319685272,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.27173912474561646,
0.01086956539960659
] |
[
[
23,
0.27173912474561646
],
[
13,
0.18478260899934432
],
[
14,
0.11956521846434992
],
[
2,
0.11956521846434992
],
[
18,
0.08695652319685272
],
[
11,
0.04347826159842636
],
[
4,
0.04347826159842636
],
[
3,
0.0326086952674972
],
[
9,
0.0326086952674972
],
[
1,
0.02173913079921318
]
] | 23
|
EN_12_122
|
Both John Adams and Jefferson, however, viewed Hamilton as unprincipled and dangerously aristocratic. Hamilton's reputation was mostly negative in the Jeffersonian democracy and Jacksonian democracy eras. During the Jeffersonian era, Hamilton was criticized as a centralizer, sometimes to the point of accusing him of being a proponent of monarchy. Conversely, during the later Progressive Era, such figures as Herbert Croly, Henry Cabot Lodge, and Theodore Roosevelt praised Hamilton's leadership as a proponent of a strong national government. In the 19th and 20th centuries several Republicans wrote laudatory biographies on Hamilton prior to entering politics.
|
845.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 845
| null |
john_adams jefferson view hamilton unprincipled aristocratic hamilton reputation negative jeffersonian_democracy jacksonian_democracy era_jeffersonian era hamilton criticize centralizer point accuse proponent monarchy later progressive_era figure herbert croly henry_cabot lodge theodore_roosevelt praise hamilton leadership proponent_strong national government century republicans write laudatory biography hamilton enter politic
|
john_adams jefferson betrachten hamilton aristokratisch hamilton ruf jeffersonian_demokratie jeffersonian ära hamilton zentralisator kritisieren punkt sein befürworter monarchie beschuldigen umgekehrt lobn spät persönlichkeit herbert croly henry_cabot lodge theodore_roosevelt hamilton führung befürworter_stark national_regierung jahrhundert schreiben republikaner lobend biographie hamilton eintritt politik
|
EN_12_122
|
[
0,
0,
0.3369565245330981,
0,
0.010869565217391304,
0.021739130434782608,
0,
0,
0,
0.010869565217391304,
0.010869565217391304,
0.021739130434782608,
0.010869565217391304,
0.4565217409930799,
0.010869565217391304,
0,
0,
0,
0.010869565217391304,
0.010869565217391304,
0,
0,
0,
0.010869565217391304,
0.07608695186512635
] |
[
[
13,
0.4565217409930799
],
[
2,
0.3369565245330981
],
[
24,
0.07608695186512635
],
[
11,
0.021739130434782608
],
[
5,
0.021739130434782608
],
[
23,
0.010869565217391304
],
[
19,
0.010869565217391304
],
[
18,
0.010869565217391304
],
[
9,
0.010869565217391304
],
[
4,
0.010869565217391304
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_123
|
According to Princeton University historian Sean Wilentz, Hamilton and has been generally viewed favorably among contemporary scholars, who portray him as a visionary architect of a modern liberal capitalist economy and of a dynamic federal government headed by an energetic executive. Conversely, these modern scholars favoring Hamilton portray Jefferson and his allies as relatively naïve and dreamy idealists.
|
846.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 846
| null |
accord princeton_university historian_sean wilentz hamilton view contemporary scholar world_health organization portray visionary architect modern liberal capitalist economy dynamic federal_government head energetic_executive modern_scholar favor hamilton portray jefferson ally naïve dreamy idealist
|
angabe_historiker sean_wilentz princeton_university hamilton zeitgenössisch wissenschaftler ansehen visionär architekt modern liberal kapitalistisch wirtschaft dynamisch bundesregierung energisch_exekutive darstellen stellen modern gelehrtus hamilton bevorzugen jefferson verbündeter naiv verträumen idealisten
|
EN_12_123
|
[
0,
0,
0.10606060606060606,
0,
0,
0.06060606060606061,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.045454545454545456,
0.6060606060606061,
0.030303030303030304,
0,
0.06060606060606061,
0,
0,
0,
0.06060606060606061,
0,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0
] |
[
[
13,
0.6060606060606061
],
[
2,
0.10606060606060606
],
[
5,
0.06060606060606061
],
[
16,
0.06060606060606061
],
[
20,
0.06060606060606061
],
[
12,
0.045454545454545456
],
[
14,
0.030303030303030304
],
[
7,
0.015151515151515152
],
[
23,
0.015151515151515152
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_124
|
Hamilton is not known to have ever owned slaves, although members of his family did. At the time of her death, Hamilton's mother owned two slaves and wrote a will leaving them to her sons. Due to their illegitimacy, however, Hamilton and his brother were held ineligible to inherit her property and never took ownership of the slaves. As a youth in Saint Croix, Hamilton later worked for a company that traded slaves as well as sugar and other staples of the Transatlantic economy. Historians have discussed whether Hamilton personally owned slaves later in life.
|
847.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 847
| null |
hamilton know slave member family time death hamilton mother slave write leave son illegitimacy hamilton brother hold ineligible inherit_property ownership slave youth saint_croix hamilton work company trade slave sugar staple transatlantic economy historian discuss hamilton slave life
|
hamilton sklave besessen mitglied familie tod besitzen hamiltons mutter sklave schreiben wille söhne überlassen illegitimität hamilton bruder halten eigentum erben übernehmen besitz sklave jugendliche saint_croix arbeiten hamilton firma sklave zucker klammer transatlantischen wirtschaft handeln historiker diskutieren hamilton leben sklave_besitzen
|
EN_12_124
|
[
0,
0.03896103766686344,
0.2207792233796669,
0,
0,
0.012987012866062004,
0,
0,
0,
0.012987012866062004,
0.19480518833431723,
0.012987012866062004,
0.3636363714256069,
0.03896103766686344,
0,
0,
0.012987012866062004,
0,
0.012987012866062004,
0,
0.02597402573212401,
0.05194805146424802,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.3636363714256069
],
[
2,
0.2207792233796669
],
[
10,
0.19480518833431723
],
[
21,
0.05194805146424802
],
[
13,
0.03896103766686344
],
[
1,
0.03896103766686344
],
[
20,
0.02597402573212401
],
[
18,
0.012987012866062004
],
[
16,
0.012987012866062004
],
[
9,
0.012987012866062004
]
] | 12
|
EN_12_125
|
Ron Chernow, in his 2004 biography of Hamilton, argued that, while there is "no definite proof" that Hamilton personally owned slaves, "oblique hints" in Hamilton's papers suggest "he and Eliza may have owned one or two household slaves." Hamilton handled slave transactions as the legal representative of his own family members, and his grandson, Allan McLane Hamilton, interpreted some of these journal entries as being purchases for himself. In 1840, however, his son John maintained that his father "never owned a slave; but on the contrary, having learned that a domestic whom he had hired was about to be sold by her master, he immediately purchased her freedom."
|
848.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 848
| null |
ron_chernow biography hamilton argue definite proof hamilton slave oblique hint hamilton paper suggest eliza household slave hamilton handle slave transaction legal representative family member grandson allan mclane hamilton interpret entry purchase son john maintain father slave contrary learn domestic hire sell master purchase freedom
|
ron_chernow biographie hamilton argumentieren eindeutig_beweis hamilton sklave oblique hinweis hamilton papier suggerieren eliza haushaltssklav besessen hamilton behandeln sklavengeschäft gesetzlich vertreter familienmitglied enkel allan mclane hamilton interpretieren zeitschrifteneintrag kauf behaupten sohn john vater sklave_besitzen gegenteil erfahren hausmann anheuern herr verkaufen kaufen freiheit
|
EN_12_125
|
[
0,
0,
0.3448275898037285,
0,
0.011494252745104933,
0.09195402196083946,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.18390804392167892,
0,
0.22988505490209865,
0.0804597729410248,
0,
0,
0.011494252745104933,
0.022988505490209865,
0,
0.022988505490209865,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
2,
0.3448275898037285
],
[
12,
0.22988505490209865
],
[
10,
0.18390804392167892
],
[
5,
0.09195402196083946
],
[
13,
0.0804597729410248
],
[
19,
0.022988505490209865
],
[
17,
0.022988505490209865
],
[
4,
0.011494252745104933
],
[
16,
0.011494252745104933
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_126
|
Hamilton expressed support for limited emancipation during the American Revolutionary War, when he endorsed a plan to recruit enslaved men to serve in the Continental Army. As a necessary inducement, Hamilton wrote, the Black soldiers should be promised their freedom upon enlistment. He dismissed objections that enslaved men were "too stupid" to fight well, arguing that their "want of cultivation" and "habit of subordination" made them ideal soldiers. Whereas officers should be "men of sense and sentiment," good enlisted men were unthinking "machines," a role to which white men, unaccustomed to a "life of servitude," were comparatively less suited than Blacks. In 1785, he joined his close associate John Jay and more than 30 fellow New Yorkers in founding the New York Manumission Society. The Society lobbied successfully for legislation to gradually abolish slavery in New York. Rather than legally emancipate all enslaved people in the state, the 1799 act declared all children born after July 4, 1799 free pending a period of apprenticeship lasting 28 years for men and 25 years for women. Enslaved people born prior to that date were not emancipated, and the final end of slavery in New York did not occur until 1827.
|
849.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 849
| null |
hamilton express support limited emancipation american_revolutionary war endorse plan recruit enslaved man serve continental_army necessary inducement hamilton write black soldier promise_freedom enlistment dismiss objection enslave man stupid fight argue want cultivation habit subordination ideal soldier officer man sense sentiment good enlisted_man unthinke machine role white man unaccustomed life servitude suited blacks join close associate john_jay fellow new_yorkers new_york manumission_society society lobby legislation abolish_slavery new_york emancipate enslave_people state act declare child_bear july free pende period apprenticeship year man year woman enslave_people bear date emancipate final end slavery new_york occur
|
hamilton drücken_unterstützung begrenzt emanzipation amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg plan rekrutierung versklavt mann kontinentalarmee unterstützen notwendig anreiz schreiben hamilton schwarz soldat freiheit einberufung versprechen weisen einwand versklavt mann kämpfen argumentieren wunsch kultivierung bewohnung unterordnung ideal soldat offizier mann sinn gefühl mann liste undenkbar maschine rolle weiß mann unangepassen leben knechtschaft schwarze schloss eng partner john_jay new_yorkern gründung new_york manumission_society gesellschaft setzen sklaverei new_york abschaffen versklavt_mensch emanzipieren erklären gesetz kind juli gebären ausbildungszeit mann frau versklavt_mensch datum gebären emanzipieren endgültig sklaverei new_york
|
EN_12_126
|
[
0,
0,
0.09615384514192839,
0.025641025247004564,
0,
0.006410256311751141,
0,
0.09615384514192839,
0,
0,
0.03205128295573952,
0.06410256591147905,
0.32051282210681487,
0.10256410098801826,
0.012820512623502282,
0.03205128295573952,
0.09615384514192839,
0.07692307760365878,
0,
0.025641025247004564,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.012820512623502282
] |
[
[
12,
0.32051282210681487
],
[
13,
0.10256410098801826
],
[
2,
0.09615384514192839
],
[
7,
0.09615384514192839
],
[
16,
0.09615384514192839
],
[
17,
0.07692307760365878
],
[
11,
0.06410256591147905
],
[
15,
0.03205128295573952
],
[
10,
0.03205128295573952
],
[
19,
0.025641025247004564
]
] | 12
|
EN_12_127
|
In his letter recommending the enlistment of Black soldiers in the Continental Army, Hamilton rejected the racial essentialism found in the contemporaneous writings of Jefferson and other leading white intellectuals, asserting "their natural faculties are as good as ours." He never advocated for the colonization of free people of color outside the United States, which many contemporaries considered essential to any plan for emancipation. In the 1790s, Hamilton's political agenda sometimes came into conflict with proslavery interests. When the enslaved population of Saint-Domingue rose up against their French enslavers, Hamilton and other Federalists supported the revolutionaries and urged closer economic and diplomatic ties with new nation of Haiti. His suggestions shaped the Haitian constitution, promulgated the year after his death. At other times, political expediency led Hamilton to form close relationships with slaveholders like William Loughton Smith whose support was critical to the strength of the Federalist Party in South Carolina.
|
850.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 850
| null |
recommend enlistment black soldier continental_army hamilton reject racial essentialism contemporaneous writing jefferson lead white intellectual assert natural faculty good advocate colonization free people color united_states contemporary consider_essential plan emancipation hamilton political_agenda conflict proslavery interest enslaved_population saint_domingue rise french enslaver hamilton federalists support revolutionary urge close economic diplomatic tie new nation haiti suggestion shape haitian constitution promulgate year death time political expediency lead hamilton form close_relationship slaveholder william loughton smith support critical strength federalist_party south_carolina
|
brief aufnahme schwarz soldat_kontinentalarmee empfehlen lehnen hamilton rassisch essentialismus zeitgenössisch schrift jefferson führend weiß intellektueller finden behaupten fähigkeit befürworten kolonisierung frei mensch farbe vereinigt_staat zeitgenosse plan emanzipation erachteten geraten hamilton politisch_agenda konflikt versklavt_bevölkerung französisch versklaver erheben unterstützen hamilton föderalist revolutionär drängen eng wirtschaftlich diplomatisch_beziehung nation haiti vorschlag prägen haitianisch verfassung tod verkünden zeit führen politisch zweckmäßigkeit hamilton eng_beziehung sklavenhalt william loughton smith unterstützung stärke föderalistischen_partei south_carolina
|
EN_12_127
|
[
0,
0,
0.14285714950944697,
0.0068027209617248195,
0.027210883846899278,
0,
0,
0.0068027209617248195,
0,
0.07482992871632786,
0,
0.06122449051816853,
0.19047619437887556,
0.27891156129336275,
0.0068027209617248195,
0.0068027209617248195,
0.03401360667126925,
0.054421767693798556,
0.0068027209617248195,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.027210883846899278,
0.07482992871632786
] |
[
[
13,
0.27891156129336275
],
[
12,
0.19047619437887556
],
[
2,
0.14285714950944697
],
[
9,
0.07482992871632786
],
[
24,
0.07482992871632786
],
[
11,
0.06122449051816853
],
[
17,
0.054421767693798556
],
[
16,
0.03401360667126925
],
[
23,
0.027210883846899278
],
[
4,
0.027210883846899278
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_128
|
Hamilton has been portrayed as the patron saint of the American School economic philosophy that, according to historian Michael Lind, later dominated American economic policy after 1861. Hamilton's ideas and work influenced 19th century German economist Friedrich List and Henry Charles Carey, who served as Abraham Lincoln's chief economic advisor during the Lincoln administration.
|
851.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 851
| null |
hamilton portray patron_saint american school economic philosophy accord_historian michael lind dominate american economic_policy hamilton idea work influence century german economist friedrich list henry charles carey world_health organization serve abraham_lincoln chief economic_advisor lincoln administration
|
hamilton schutzpatron american school wirtschaftsphilosophie darstellen ansicht_historiker michael lind dominiert amerikanisch wirtschaftspolitik hamilton idee arbeit beeinflussten deutsch ökonom friedrich list henry charles carey jahrhundert hauptwirtschaftsberater abraham_lincoln dienen
|
EN_12_128
|
[
0,
0,
0.21212121212121213,
0.015151515151515152,
0.015151515151515152,
0,
0,
0.07575757575757576,
0,
0.045454545454545456,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0.015151515151515152,
0.18181818181818182,
0.06060606060606061,
0,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0,
0.19696969696969696,
0.045454545454545456,
0.07575757575757576,
0,
0,
0.030303030303030304
] |
[
[
2,
0.21212121212121213
],
[
19,
0.19696969696969696
],
[
13,
0.18181818181818182
],
[
21,
0.07575757575757576
],
[
7,
0.07575757575757576
],
[
14,
0.06060606060606061
],
[
20,
0.045454545454545456
],
[
9,
0.045454545454545456
],
[
24,
0.030303030303030304
],
[
4,
0.015151515151515152
]
] | 2
|
EN_12_129
|
In fall 1781, Hamilton firmly supported government intervention in favor of business after the manner of Jean-Baptiste Colbert. In contrast to the British policy of international mercantilism, which he believed skewed benefits to colonial and imperial powers, Hamilton was a pioneering advocate of protectionism. He is credited with the idea that industrialization was only possible with tariffs that protected the "infant industries" of an emerging nation.
|
852.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 852
| null |
fall hamilton support government intervention favor business manner jean_baptiste colbert contrast british policy international mercantilism believe skewed benefit colonial imperial power hamilton pioneering advocate protectionism credit idea industrialization possible tariff protect infant_industry emerge nation
|
herbst unterstützt hamilton art_weise colbert staatlich intervention geschäft gegensatz britisch politik international mercantilismus glauben verdreht vorteil kolonial imperial mächt hamilton pionier verfechter protektionismus idee gutgeschrieben industrialisierung zöllen kleinindustrie aufstrebend nation schützten
|
EN_12_129
|
[
0,
0,
0.07575757575757576,
0,
0.030303030303030304,
0,
0.06060606060606061,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0.09090909090909091,
0.015151515151515152,
0.015151515151515152,
0,
0.30303030303030304,
0.13636363636363635,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0.015151515151515152,
0.015151515151515152,
0.18181818181818182,
0,
0.015151515151515152,
0
] |
[
[
13,
0.30303030303030304
],
[
21,
0.18181818181818182
],
[
14,
0.13636363636363635
],
[
9,
0.09090909090909091
],
[
2,
0.07575757575757576
],
[
6,
0.06060606060606061
],
[
4,
0.030303030303030304
],
[
16,
0.015151515151515152
],
[
23,
0.015151515151515152
],
[
8,
0.015151515151515152
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_130
|
Political theorists credit Hamilton with the creation of the modern administrative state, citing his arguments in favor of a strong executive, linked to the electoral support of the people, as the linchpin of an administrative republic. The dominance of executive leadership in the formulation and carrying out of policy was, in Hamilton's view, essential to resist the deterioration of a republican government. As evidence of Hamilton's global influence, some scholars have compared Hamilton's recommendations to the development of Meiji Japan.
|
853.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 853
| null |
political_theorist credit hamilton creation modern administrative state cite argument favor strong executive link electoral support people linchpin administrative republic dominance executive leadership formulation carry policy hamilton view essential resist deterioration republican government evidence hamilton global influence scholar hamilton recommendation development meiji japan
|
politisch_theoretiker würdigen hamilton schaffung modern verwaltungsstaat berufung argument stark exekutive verbinden wahlunterstützung volk linchpin verwaltungsrepublik dominanz führung exekutive formulierung_durchführung politik ansicht hamilton verschlechterung republikanisch regierung widerstehen beweis hamilton global einfluss wissenschaftler hamiltons empfehlung entwicklung meiji japan vergleichen
|
EN_12_130
|
[
0,
0,
0.20987654201410433,
0.012345679380275594,
0,
0.012345679380275594,
0,
0.16049382449300195,
0,
0.12345679380275593,
0,
0,
0,
0.37037036650710625,
0.012345679380275594,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.012345679380275594,
0,
0,
0.08641975566192915
] |
[
[
13,
0.37037036650710625
],
[
2,
0.20987654201410433
],
[
7,
0.16049382449300195
],
[
9,
0.12345679380275593
],
[
24,
0.08641975566192915
],
[
21,
0.012345679380275594
],
[
14,
0.012345679380275594
],
[
3,
0.012345679380275594
],
[
5,
0.012345679380275594
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_131
|
Hamilton has appeared as a significant figure in popular works of historical fiction, including many that focused on other American political figures of his time. In comparison to other Founding Fathers, however, Hamilton attracted relatively little attention in American popular culture in the 20th century.
|
854.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 854
| null |
hamilton appear significant figure popular work historical fiction include focus american political figure time comparison founding_father hamilton attract little_attention american popular_culture century
|
hamilton bedeutend figur populär werk historisch fiktion erscheinen amerikanisch politisch figur konzentrierten vergleich gründerväter ziehen hamilton jahrhundert amerikanisch populärkultur aufmerksamkeit
|
EN_12_131
|
[
0,
0,
0.3902438908088497,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04878048635110621,
0.024390243175553106,
0,
0,
0.024390243175553106,
0.4878048933133847,
0,
0,
0,
0.024390243175553106,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
13,
0.4878048933133847
],
[
2,
0.3902438908088497
],
[
8,
0.04878048635110621
],
[
9,
0.024390243175553106
],
[
12,
0.024390243175553106
],
[
17,
0.024390243175553106
]
] | 13
|
EN_12_132
|
In 2015, he gained significant mainstream attention with the debut of the Broadway musical Hamilton, which is based on a biography by Ron Chernow. Lin-Manuel Miranda played Hamilton in the Original Broadway Cast. The musical was described by The New Yorker in February 2015 as "an achievement of historical and cultural reimagining. In Miranda's telling, the headlong rise of one self-made immigrant becomes the story of America." The Off-Broadway production of Hamilton won the 2015 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical and seven other Drama Desk Awards. In 2016, Hamilton received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and set a record for Tony Award nominations with 16, winning 11, including Best Musical. During the Obama administration, a plan to replace Hamilton on the ten-dollar bill was shelved due partly to the musical's popularity. On July 3, 2020, Disney+ released the movie Hamilton, an authorized film of the Broadway stage production performed by the original cast.
|
855.0
|
Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 under the presidency of George Washington.
Born out of wedlock in Charlestown, Nevis, Hamilton was orphaned as a child and taken in by a prosperous merchant. He was given a scholarship and pursued his education at King's College (now Columbia University) in New York City where, despite his young age, he was an anonymous but prolific and widely read pamphleteer and advocate for the American Revolution. He then served as an artillery officer in the American Revolutionary War, where he saw military action against the British Army in the New York and New Jersey campaign, served for four years as aide-de-camp to Continental Army commander in chief George Washington, and fought under Washington's command in the war's climactic battle, the Siege of Yorktown, which secured American victory in the war and with it the independence of the United States.
After the Revolutionary War, Hamilton served as a delegate from New York to the Congress of the Confederation in Philadelphia. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. In 1786, Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention, which sought to strengthen the power of the loose confederation of independent states under the limited authorities granted it by the Articles of Confederation. The following year he was a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which drafted the U.S. Constitution creating a more centralized federal national government. He then authored 51 of the 85 installments of The Federalist Papers, which proved persuasive in securing its ratification by the states.
As a trusted member of President Washington's first cabinet, Hamilton served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury. He envisioned a central government led by an energetic executive, a strong national defense, and a more diversified economy with significantly expanded industry. He successfully argued that the implied powers of the U.S. Constitution provided the legal basis to create the First Bank of the United States, and assume the states' war debts, which was funded by a tariff on imports and a whiskey tax. Hamilton opposed American entanglement with the succession of unstable French Revolutionary governments. In 1790, he persuaded the U.S. Congress to establish the U.S. Revenue Cutter service to protect American shipping. In 1793, he advocated in support of the Jay Treaty under which the U.S. resumed friendly trade relations with the British Empire. Hamilton's views became the basis for the Federalist Party, which was opposed by the Democratic-Republican Party, led by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton and other Federalists supported the Haitian Revolution, and Hamilton helped draft Haiti's constitution in 1801.
After resigning as the nation's Secretary of the Treasury in 1795, Hamilton resumed his legal and business activities and helped lead the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. In the Quasi-War, fought at sea between 1798 and 1800, Hamilton called for mobilization against France, and President John Adams appointed him major general. The U.S. Army, however, did not see combat in the conflict. Outraged by Adams' response to the crisis, Hamilton opposed his 1800 presidential re-election. Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for the presidency in the electoral college and, despite philosophical differences, Hamilton endorsed Jefferson over Burr, whom he found unprincipled. When Burr ran for Governor of New York in 1804, Hamilton again opposed his candidacy, arguing that he was unfit for the office. Taking offense, Burr challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel, which took place in Weehawken, New Jersey, on July 11, 1804. Hamilton was mortally wounded and immediately transported back across the Hudson River in a delirious state to the home of William Bayard Jr. in Greenwich Village, New York, for medical attention. The following day, on July 12, 1804, Hamilton succumbed to his wounds.
Scholars generally regard Hamilton as an astute and intellectually brilliant administrator, politician, and financier who was sometimes impetuous. His ideas are credited with influencing the founding principles of American finance and government. In 1997, historian Paul Johnson wrote that Hamilton was a "genius—the only one of the Founding Fathers fully entitled to that accolade—and he had the elusive, indefinable characteristics of genius."
|
EN
|
Alexander Hamilton
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
| 855
| null |
gain significant mainstream attention debut broadway_musical hamilton base biography ron_chernow lin_manuel miranda play hamilton original_broadway cast musical describe new_yorker february achievement historical_cultural reimagining miranda telling headlong rise self immigrant story america broadway production hamilton win drama desk award_outstanding musical drama desk awards hamilton receive_pulitzer prize drama set record tony award nomination win include best musical obama_administration plan replace hamilton dollar_bill shelve musical popularity july release movie hamilton authorized film broadway stage_production perform original cast
|
debüt hamilton biographie ron_chernow basieren gewinnen aufmerksamkeit miranda spielen hamilton original broadway cast musical the new_yorker februar erfolg historisch kulturell neugestaltung beschreiben erzählung kopfhaft aufstieg selbstgemacht einwanderer geschichte amerika hamilton gewinnen drama desk award_herausragend musical drama desk award erhalten hamilton drama setzen rekord tony_award nominierungen gewinnen best musical plan hamilton ersetzen popularität musical verschleieren juli veröffentlicht film hamilton autorisiert film ursprünglich besetzung aufführen
|
EN_12_132
|
[
0,
0.0629370650211414,
0.45454546131870954,
0.006993006810650128,
0,
0,
0.006993006810650128,
0.006993006810650128,
0,
0.041958040863900765,
0.006993006810650128,
0,
0.013986013621300256,
0.027972027242600513,
0,
0,
0,
0.013986013621300256,
0,
0.1958041906982036,
0.013986013621300256,
0.0489510476745509,
0.03496503405325064,
0,
0.0629370650211414
] |
[
[
2,
0.45454546131870954
],
[
19,
0.1958041906982036
],
[
24,
0.0629370650211414
],
[
1,
0.0629370650211414
],
[
21,
0.0489510476745509
],
[
9,
0.041958040863900765
],
[
22,
0.03496503405325064
],
[
13,
0.027972027242600513
],
[
20,
0.013986013621300256
],
[
12,
0.013986013621300256
]
] | 2
|
EN_13_0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
|
856.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 856
| null |
alexandria independent city northern virginia united_states information_technology lie western bank_potomac river mile south city population_census information_technology populous_city virginia populous_city alexandria principal city washington metropolitan_area large washington baltimore combine_statistical area
|
alexandria unabhängig_stadt norther_virginia vereinigt_staat liegen westlich_ufer potomac_river km einwohner stadt sechstbevölkerungsreich stadt virginia stadt usa alexandria stadt metropolregion_washington statistisch gebiet gehören
|
EN_13_0
|
[
0.5254237192793415,
0,
0.016949153015926744,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.03389830603185349,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.016949153015926744,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.016949153015926744,
0.372881362625098,
0,
0.016949153015926744
] |
[
[
0,
0.5254237192793415
],
[
22,
0.372881362625098
],
[
9,
0.03389830603185349
],
[
24,
0.016949153015926744
],
[
21,
0.016949153015926744
],
[
14,
0.016949153015926744
],
[
2,
0.016949153015926744
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_1
|
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
|
857.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 857
| null |
rest northern virginia central maryland day alexandria influence proximity capital information_technology populate professional work federal civil service military private company contract service federal_government city large_employer include department_defense institute defense analyses alexandria high income independent city virginia
|
rest norther_virginia central maryland heutig alexandria nähe usa beeinflussen kapital fachleute besetzen föderal öffentlich_dienst arbeiten usa militär privat_unternehmen vertrag erbring dienstleistung usa bund arbeitgeber stadt gehören usa verteidigungsministerium institut alexandria unabhängig_stadt einkommen virginia
|
EN_13_1
|
[
0.013698630034923553,
0.013698630034923553,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.09589041024446487,
0,
0.013698630034923553,
0.027397260069847107,
0.06849315017461777,
0,
0.027397260069847107,
0.013698630034923553,
0.013698630034923553,
0,
0,
0,
0.013698630034923553,
0.013698630034923553,
0.2054794579744339,
0.3835616409778595,
0.08219178020954132,
0.013698630034923553
] |
[
[
22,
0.3835616409778595
],
[
21,
0.2054794579744339
],
[
7,
0.09589041024446487
],
[
23,
0.08219178020954132
],
[
11,
0.06849315017461777
],
[
13,
0.027397260069847107
],
[
10,
0.027397260069847107
],
[
24,
0.013698630034923553
],
[
20,
0.013698630034923553
],
[
1,
0.013698630034923553
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_2
|
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
858.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 858
| null |
historic center alexandria know old_town alexandria old_town concentration boutique restaurant antique shop theater information_technology major draw city resident visitor old_town alexandria neighborhood compact walkable large_portion adjacent fairfax_county west city_alexandria mailing_address area jurisdiction fairfax_county government separate independent city city refer city_alexandria avoid_confusion
|
historisch zentrum alexandria altstadt_alexandria altstadt konzentration boutique restaurant antiquitätenläden theater anziehungspunkt stadtbewohner besucher altstadt_alexandria viertel angrenzend fairfax_county stadt_alexandria postadresse gebiet gerichtsbarkeit fairfax_county regierung trennen unabhängig_stadt stadt stadt_alexandria bezeichnen verwirrung_vermeiden
|
EN_13_2
|
[
0.06097561143702124,
0,
0,
0.012195121542346185,
0,
0.09756097233876948,
0.012195121542346185,
0.012195121542346185,
0.04878048616938474,
0,
0,
0.012195121542346185,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.012195121542346185,
0,
0.012195121542346185,
0,
0.012195121542346185,
0.6829268361737089,
0.012195121542346185,
0.012195121542346185
] |
[
[
22,
0.6829268361737089
],
[
5,
0.09756097233876948
],
[
0,
0.06097561143702124
],
[
8,
0.04878048616938474
],
[
24,
0.012195121542346185
],
[
17,
0.012195121542346185
],
[
23,
0.012195121542346185
],
[
21,
0.012195121542346185
],
[
19,
0.012195121542346185
],
[
7,
0.012195121542346185
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_3
|
According to archaeologists' estimates, a succession of indigenous peoples began to occupy the Chesapeake and Tidewater region about 3,000 to 10,000 years ago. Various Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the lands in the Potomac River drainage area since at least the early 14th century.
|
859.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 859
| null |
accord archaeologist estimate succession indigenous_people begin occupy chesapeake tidewater_region year algonquian_speak people inhabit_land potomac_river drainage_area early_century
|
schätzung archäolog beginnen reihe indigen_volk region chesapeake tidewater besetzen verschieden volk bewohnn länderei abflussgebiet anfang_jahrhundert
|
EN_13_3
|
[
0.49999999813735485,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.027777777881258063,
0,
0.027777777881258063,
0.055555555762516126,
0,
0,
0.055555555762516126,
0.11111111152503225,
0.055555555762516126,
0.055555555762516126,
0,
0,
0.027777777881258063,
0,
0.027777777881258063,
0,
0.027777777881258063,
0.027777777881258063,
0,
0
] |
[
[
0,
0.49999999813735485
],
[
12,
0.11111111152503225
],
[
13,
0.055555555762516126
],
[
14,
0.055555555762516126
],
[
8,
0.055555555762516126
],
[
11,
0.055555555762516126
],
[
21,
0.027777777881258063
],
[
17,
0.027777777881258063
],
[
22,
0.027777777881258063
],
[
7,
0.027777777881258063
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_4
|
In the summer of 1608, English settler John Smith explored the Potomac River and came into contact with the Patawomeck (loosely affiliated with the Powhatan) and Doeg tribes who lived on the Virginia side, as well as on Theodore Roosevelt Island, and the Piscataway (also known as the Conoy), who resided on the Maryland side. On this visit, Smith recorded the presence of a settlement called Assaomeck near the south bank of what is now Hunting Creek.
|
860.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 860
| null |
summer english settler john smith explore potomac_river contact patawomeck affiliate powhatan doeg_tribe world_health organization live virginia theodore_roosevelt island piscataway know conoy world_health organization reside maryland visit smith record presence settlement call assaomeck south bank hunt creek
|
sommer erkunden englisch siedler john smith potomac_river kontakt patawomeck verbinden powhatan doeg stämmen leben theodore_roosevelt island piscataway conoy wohnen besuch smith anwesenheit siedlung assaomeck südufer heutig hunting_creek
|
EN_13_4
|
[
0.43283581612770683,
0.014925372745118926,
0.07462686279427205,
0.029850745490237852,
0,
0,
0.029850745490237852,
0,
0,
0,
0.26865672990123723,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.059701490980475704,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.014925372745118926,
0,
0,
0.014925372745118926,
0.059701490980475704
] |
[
[
0,
0.43283581612770683
],
[
10,
0.26865672990123723
],
[
2,
0.07462686279427205
],
[
15,
0.059701490980475704
],
[
24,
0.059701490980475704
],
[
6,
0.029850745490237852
],
[
3,
0.029850745490237852
],
[
23,
0.014925372745118926
],
[
20,
0.014925372745118926
],
[
1,
0.014925372745118926
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_5
|
On October 21, 1669, a patent granted 6,000 acres (24 km2) to Robert Howsing for transporting 120 people to the Colony of Virginia. That tract later became the City of Alexandria. Virginia's comprehensive Tobacco Inspection Law of 1730 mandated that all tobacco grown in the colony must be brought to locally designated public warehouses for inspection before sale. One of the sites designated for a warehouse on the upper Potomac River was at the mouth of Hunting Creek. However, the ground proved to be unsuitable, and the warehouse was built half a mile up-river, where the water was deep near the shore.
|
861.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 861
| null |
october patent grant_acre robert howsing transport people colony virginia tract city_alexandria virginia comprehensive tobacco inspection law mandate tobacco grow colony bring designate public warehouse inspection sale site designate warehouse upper_potomac river mouth hunting_creek ground prove unsuitable warehouse build mile river water shore
|
oktober erteilen patent robert howsing transport person kolonie virginia traktat stadt_alexandria umfassend gesetz erteilen tabak kolonie anbauen verkauf ausgewiesen öffentlich lager inspektion bringen lagerhaus oberer potomac_river bestimmt standort befinden mündung hunting_creek erweisen boden lagerhaus halb_meile bauen wasser nähe ufer
|
EN_13_5
|
[
0.21590908798812472,
0,
0.022727272811938412,
0,
0,
0,
0.06818181843581524,
0,
0.022727272811938412,
0.011363636405969206,
0.03409090921790762,
0.011363636405969206,
0.11363636405969207,
0,
0,
0.045454545623876824,
0.011363636405969206,
0.022727272811938412,
0,
0,
0,
0.09090909124775365,
0.27272727374326095,
0.045454545623876824,
0.011363636405969206
] |
[
[
22,
0.27272727374326095
],
[
0,
0.21590908798812472
],
[
12,
0.11363636405969207
],
[
21,
0.09090909124775365
],
[
6,
0.06818181843581524
],
[
15,
0.045454545623876824
],
[
23,
0.045454545623876824
],
[
10,
0.03409090921790762
],
[
17,
0.022727272811938412
],
[
8,
0.022727272811938412
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_6
|
Following the 1745 settlement of the Colony of Virginia's 10-year dispute with Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron over the western boundary of the Northern Neck Proprietary, when the Privy Council in London found in favor of Lord Fairfax's expanded claim, some of the Fairfax County gentry formed the Ohio Company of Virginia. They intended to conduct trade into the interior of America, and they required a trading center near the head of navigation on the Potomac. The best location was Hunting Creek tobacco warehouse, since the deep water could easily accommodate sailing ships. Many local tobacco planters, however, wanted a new town further up Hunting Creek, away from nonproductive fields along the river.
|
862.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 862
| null |
follow settlement colony virginia year dispute thomas_fairfax lord_fairfax cameron western boundary northern_neck proprietary privy_council london favor lord_fairfax expand fairfax_county gentry form ohio_company virginia intend conduct trade interior america require trading center head navigation_potomac good location hunt creek tobacco warehouse deep_water accommodate sailing_ship local tobacco_planter want new town hunting_creek nonproductive field river
|
einigung kolonie virginia streit thomas_fairfax lord_fairfax cameron westlich_grenze norther_neck proprietary privy_council london gunst lord_fairfax erweitert anspruch fairfax_county gentry gründen ohio_company of virginia beabsichtigen handel innere amerika führen erfordern handelszentrum nähe_spitze navigation_potomac lage tabaklager hunting_creek tief_wasser unterbringen einheimisch tabakpflanzer wünschen stadt hunting_creek nichtproduktiv feld fluß
|
EN_13_6
|
[
0.3826086926071539,
0,
0,
0,
0.06086956507161907,
0,
0.23478261292304695,
0.008695652020042353,
0.008695652020042353,
0,
0.19130434630357696,
0,
0.008695652020042353,
0,
0.008695652020042353,
0.008695652020042353,
0.04347826289417957,
0,
0.017391304040084706,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.017391304040084706,
0.008695652020042353
] |
[
[
0,
0.3826086926071539
],
[
6,
0.23478261292304695
],
[
10,
0.19130434630357696
],
[
4,
0.06086956507161907
],
[
16,
0.04347826289417957
],
[
18,
0.017391304040084706
],
[
23,
0.017391304040084706
],
[
24,
0.008695652020042353
],
[
8,
0.008695652020042353
],
[
7,
0.008695652020042353
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_7
|
Around 1746, Captain Philip Alexander II (1704–1753) moved to what is south of present Duke Street in Alexandria. His estate, which consisted of 500 acres (2.0 km2), was bounded by Hunting Creek, Hooff's Run, the Potomac River, and approximately the line which would become Cameron Street. At the opening of Virginia's 1748–49 legislative session, there was a petition submitted in the House of Burgesses on November 1, 1748, that the "inhabitants of Fairfax (Co.) praying that a town may be established at Hunting Creek Warehouse on Potowmack River," since Hugh West was the owner of the warehouse. The petition was introduced by Lawrence Washington, the representative for Fairfax County, the son-in-law of William Fairfax, and a founding member of the Ohio Company. To support the company's push for a town on the river, Lawrence's younger brother George Washington, an aspiring surveyor, made a sketch of the shoreline touting the advantages of the tobacco warehouse site.
|
863.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 863
| null |
captain philip alexander ii move south duke_street alexandria estate consist_acre bound hunting_creek hooff run potomac_river line cameron street opening virginia legislative_session petition submit house_burgesses november inhabitant fairfax pray town establish hunting_creek warehouse potowmack river hugh west owner warehouse petition introduce lawrence washington representative fairfax_county son law william_fairfax member ohio_company support company push town river lawrence young_brother george_washington aspire surveyor sketch shoreline tout advantage tobacco warehouse site
|
ziehen kapitän philipp alexander südliche heutig duke_street alexandria anwesen acre hunting_creek run potomac_river linie begrenzen cameron street november house_of burgesses einreichen bewohner fairfax beten stadt hunting_creek warehouse potowmack river errichten hugh west eigentümer lager petition lawrence washington vertreter fairfax_county schwiegersohn william_fairfax gründungsmitglied ohio_company einführen druck unternehmen stadt fluss unterstützen erstellt jünger_bruder george_washington aufstrebend vermesser skizze küstenlinie vorteil tabaklager hervorheben
|
EN_13_7
|
[
0.2101449213544096,
0,
0.007246376919573631,
0.028985507678294525,
0.007246376919573631,
0,
0.09420289809181207,
0,
0,
0,
0.3478260921395343,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05072463657437028,
0.014492753839147263,
0.028985507678294525,
0,
0,
0.08695652303488358,
0.12318840577010659,
0,
0
] |
[
[
10,
0.3478260921395343
],
[
0,
0.2101449213544096
],
[
22,
0.12318840577010659
],
[
6,
0.09420289809181207
],
[
21,
0.08695652303488358
],
[
16,
0.05072463657437028
],
[
3,
0.028985507678294525
],
[
18,
0.028985507678294525
],
[
17,
0.014492753839147263
],
[
4,
0.007246376919573631
]
] | 10
|
EN_13_8
|
Since the river site was amidst his estate, Philip opposed the idea and strongly favored a site at the head of Hunting Creek (also known as Great Hunting Creek). It has been said that in order to avoid a predicament the petitioners offered to name the new town Alexandria, in honor of Philip's family. As a result, Philip and his cousin Captain John Alexander (1711–1763) gave land to assist in the development of Alexandria and are thus listed as the founders. This John was the son of Robert Alexander II (1688–1735). On May 2, 1749, the House of Burgesses approved the river location and ordered "Mr. Washington do go up with a Message to the Council and acquaint them that this House have agreed to the Amendments titled An Act for erecting a Town at Hunting Creek Warehouse, in the County of Fairfax." A "Public Vendue" (auction) was advertised for July, and the county surveyor laid out street lanes and town lots. The auction was conducted on July 13–14, 1749.
|
864.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 864
| null |
river site estate philip oppose idea favor site head hunting_creek know great hunting_creek information_technology say order avoid predicament petitioner offer new town_alexandria honor philip family result philip cousin captain_john alexander land assist development alexandria list founder john son robert alexander ii house_burgesses approve river location order washington message council acquaint house agree amendments title act erect town hunting_creek warehouse county fairfax public vendue auction advertise july county surveyor lay street lane town lot auction conduct july
|
flussgebiet anwesen befinden lehnen philip idee begünstigen ort spitze hunting_creek great hunting_creek dilemma vermeiden petent anbieten stadt_alexandria ehre familie philips name philipp cousin john alexander geben land entwicklung alexandria unterstützen gründer aufführen johannes sohn robert alexander mai genehmigen haus burgesses standort fluß bestellen washington botschaft rat stellen haus änderungsanträg titel gesetz errichtung stadt hunting_creek warehouse county of fairfax zustimmen öffentlicher verkauf auktion juli ausgeschrieben kreisvermesser legen straßenspur stadtplättche auktion finden juli
|
EN_13_8
|
[
0.03448275900606452,
0.006896551801212904,
0.013793103602425808,
0,
0.09655172521698066,
0.006896551801212904,
0.013793103602425808,
0,
0,
0.006896551801212904,
0.4206896486981161,
0,
0.02068965540363871,
0.04827586260849033,
0.006896551801212904,
0.006896551801212904,
0.04827586260849033,
0.006896551801212904,
0.006896551801212904,
0,
0,
0.027586207204851616,
0.22068965763881293,
0,
0.006896551801212904
] |
[
[
10,
0.4206896486981161
],
[
22,
0.22068965763881293
],
[
4,
0.09655172521698066
],
[
16,
0.04827586260849033
],
[
13,
0.04827586260849033
],
[
0,
0.03448275900606452
],
[
21,
0.027586207204851616
],
[
12,
0.02068965540363871
],
[
2,
0.013793103602425808
],
[
6,
0.013793103602425808
]
] | 10
|
EN_13_9
|
Almost immediately upon establishment, the town founders called the new town "Belhaven", believed to be in honor of a Scottish patriot, John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, the Northern Neck tobacco trade being then dominated by Scots. The name Belhaven was used in official lotteries to raise money for a Church and Market House, but it was never approved by the legislature and fell out of favor in the mid-1750s. The town of Alexandria did not become incorporated until 1779.
|
865.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 865
| null |
establishment town founder call new town belhaven believe honor scottish patriot john hamilton lord belhaven stenton northern_neck tobacco trade dominate scot belhaven official lottery raise_money church market house information_technology approve legislature fall favor town_alexandria incorporate
|
gründung nennen stadtgründ stadt belhave ehre schottisch patriot john hamilton lord belhaven stenton norther_neck tabakhandel schotte dominieren name belhave offiziell lotterie verwenden geld kirche markthaus sammeln legislative genehmigen fallen gunst mitte stadt_alexandria eingemeinden
|
EN_13_9
|
[
0.11594203157701355,
0,
0.014492753947126694,
0.07246376601034316,
0,
0,
0.20289854780919309,
0,
0,
0.014492753947126694,
0.028985507894253387,
0,
0.014492753947126694,
0.028985507894253387,
0.014492753947126694,
0,
0.13043478179884993,
0.028985507894253387,
0,
0,
0.014492753947126694,
0.04347826184138008,
0.26086956359769986,
0,
0.014492753947126694
] |
[
[
22,
0.26086956359769986
],
[
6,
0.20289854780919309
],
[
16,
0.13043478179884993
],
[
0,
0.11594203157701355
],
[
3,
0.07246376601034316
],
[
21,
0.04347826184138008
],
[
13,
0.028985507894253387
],
[
17,
0.028985507894253387
],
[
10,
0.028985507894253387
],
[
2,
0.014492753947126694
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_10
|
In 1755, General Edward Braddock organized his fatal expedition against Fort Duquesne at Carlyle House in Alexandria. In April 1755, the governors of Virginia, and the provinces of Maryland, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and New York met to determine upon concerted action against the French in America.
|
866.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 866
| null |
general edward_braddock organize fatal expedition fort_duquesne carlyle house alexandria april governor virginia province maryland pennsylvania massachusetts new_york meet determine concert action french america
|
organisieren general edward_braddock tödlich expedition fort_duquesne carlyle house alexandria april treffen gouverneur_virginia provinz_maryland pennsylvania massachusetts new_york abgestimmter vorgehen franzose amerika entscheiden
|
EN_13_10
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.020408162581069138,
0.10204081849328106,
0,
0.040816325162138276,
0,
0,
0,
0.020408162581069138,
0,
0.020408162581069138,
0.6122448960585254,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.020408162581069138,
0,
0.1428571473807096,
0.020408162581069138,
0
] |
[
[
15,
0.6122448960585254
],
[
22,
0.1428571473807096
],
[
6,
0.10204081849328106
],
[
8,
0.040816325162138276
],
[
20,
0.020408162581069138
],
[
12,
0.020408162581069138
],
[
23,
0.020408162581069138
],
[
14,
0.020408162581069138
],
[
5,
0.020408162581069138
]
] | 15
|
EN_13_11
|
In March 1785, commissioners from Virginia and Maryland met in Alexandria to discuss the commercial relations of the two states, finishing their business at Mount Vernon. The Mount Vernon Conference concluded on March 28 with an agreement for freedom of trade and freedom of navigation of the Potomac River. The Maryland legislature, in ratifying this agreement on November 22, proposed a conference among representatives from all the states to consider the adoption of definite commercial regulations. This led to the calling of the Annapolis Convention of 1786, which in turn led to the calling of the Federal Convention of 1787.
|
867.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 867
| null |
march commissioner virginia maryland meet alexandria discuss commercial_relation state finish business mount_vernon mount_vernon conference conclude march agreement freedom trade freedom navigation_potomac river maryland legislature ratify agreement november propose conference representative state consider adoption definite commercial regulation lead_calling annapolis_convention turn lead_calling federal convention
|
märz treffen kommissar virginia maryland alexandria handelsbeziehung staat diskutieren konferenz mount_vernon märz abkommen freiheit handel navigation_potomac river schließen legislative maryland schlagen ratifizierung abkommen november konferenz vertreter staat annahme bestimmt kommerziell vorschrift prüfen führen berufung berufung bundeskonvent führen
|
EN_13_11
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0.011904761904761904,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.2499999953433872,
0.023809523809523808,
0,
0.011904761904761904,
0.023809523809523808,
0.011904761904761904,
0.023809523809523808,
0.33333333705862356,
0.011904761904761904,
0,
0,
0,
0.023809523809523808,
0.17857142950275112,
0.09523809523809523,
0
] |
[
[
16,
0.33333333705862356
],
[
9,
0.2499999953433872
],
[
22,
0.17857142950275112
],
[
23,
0.09523809523809523
],
[
21,
0.023809523809523808
],
[
13,
0.023809523809523808
],
[
10,
0.023809523809523808
],
[
15,
0.023809523809523808
],
[
17,
0.011904761904761904
],
[
12,
0.011904761904761904
]
] | 16
|
EN_13_12
|
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the British military carried out a successful raid on Alexandria, which surrendered without a fight. In order to avoid the town's destruction, twenty-two merchant ships and large quantities of flour, tobacco, cotton, wine, and sugar were handed over by Alexandria's municipal authorities to the British. In 1823 William Holland Wilmer, Francis Scott Key, and others founded the Virginia Theological Seminary. From 1828 to 1836, Alexandria was home to the Franklin & Armfield Slave Market, one of the largest slave trading companies in the country. By the 1830s, they were sending more than 1,000 slaves annually from Alexandria to their Natchez, Mississippi, New Orleans, and later Texas markets to help meet the demand for slaves in Mississippi and nearby states. Later owned by Price, Birch & Co., the slave pen became a jail under Union occupation.
|
868.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 868
| null |
war british military carry successful_raid alexandria surrender fight order avoid town destruction merchant_ship large_quantity flour tobacco cotton wine sugar hand alexandria municipal authority british william holland wilmer francis_scott key virginia theological_seminary alexandria home franklin armfield slave market large slave_trading company country send slave alexandria natchez mississippi new_orleans texas market help meet_demand slave mississippi nearby state price birch slave pen jail union occupation
|
krieg führen britisch militär erfolgreich_überfall alexandria kampf ergeben zerstörung stadt vermeiden handelsschiff menge mehl tabak baumwolle wein zucker alexandria gemeindebehörden brite übergeben gründet william holland wilmer francis_scott key virginia theological_seminary alexandria heimat franklin armfield slave market sklavenhandelsunternehmen land schicken sklave alexandria markt natchez mississippi new_orleans texas nachfrage_sklave mississippi nahegelegen staat besitz price birch sklavenschreiber gefängnis union besatzung
|
EN_13_12
|
[
0.09677419282736315,
0.008064516068946929,
0.04032258034473465,
0.04838709641368157,
0.06451612855157543,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04838709641368157,
0.024193548206840786,
0,
0.18548387703636013,
0,
0.032258064275787715,
0,
0.008064516068946929,
0.056451612482628505,
0.06451612855157543,
0,
0.032258064275787715,
0.09677419282736315,
0.1935483856547263,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.1935483856547263
],
[
12,
0.18548387703636013
],
[
21,
0.09677419282736315
],
[
0,
0.09677419282736315
],
[
18,
0.06451612855157543
],
[
4,
0.06451612855157543
],
[
17,
0.056451612482628505
],
[
9,
0.04838709641368157
],
[
3,
0.04838709641368157
],
[
2,
0.04032258034473465
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_13
|
A portion of the City of Alexandria—most of the area now known as Old Town as well as the areas of the city northeast of what is now King Street—and all of today's Arlington County share the distinction of having been the portion of Virginia ceded to the U.S. Government in 1791 to help form the new District of Columbia. Over time, a movement grew to separate what was called "Alexandria County" from the District of Columbia. As competition grew with the port of Georgetown and the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal fostered development on the north side of the Potomac River, Alexandria's economy stagnated; at the same time, residents had lost any representation in Congress and the right to vote and were disappointed with the negligible economic benefit (on the Alexandria side) of being part of the national capital. Alexandria still had an important port and market in the slave trade, and as talk increased of abolishing slavery in the national capital, there was concern that Alexandria's economy would suffer greatly if this step were taken. After a referendum, voters petitioned Congress and Virginia to return the portion of the District of Columbia south of the Potomac River (Alexandria County) to Virginia. On July 9, 1846, Congress retroceded Alexandria County to Virginia. The City of Alexandria was re-chartered in 1852 and became independent of Alexandria County in 1870. The remaining portion of Alexandria County changed its name to Arlington County in 1920.
|
869.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 869
| null |
portion city_alexandria area know old_town area city king_street today arlington_county share distinction portion virginia cede government help form new district_columbia time movement grow separate call alexandria_county district_columbia competition grow port georgetown chesapeake_ohio canal foster development north potomac_river alexandria economy_stagnate time resident lose representation congress right vote disappoint negligible economic_benefit alexandria national capital alexandria important port market slave_trade talk increase abolish_slavery national capital concern alexandria economy suffer step referendum voter petition congress virginia return portion district_columbia potomac_river alexandria_county virginia july congress retrocede alexandria_county virginia city_alexandria charter independent alexandria_county remain portion alexandria_county change arlington_county
|
stadt_alexandria gegend old_town bereich stadt heutig king_street heutig arlington_county teilen unterscheidung virginia vereinigt_staat abtreten regierung helfen district_of columbia lauf wachsen bewegung trennen nennen alexandria_county district_of columbia wettbewerb hafen georgetown chesapeake_ohio canal wachsen fördern entwicklung nordseite potomac_river alexandrias wirtschaft_stagniern bewohner vertretung kongress wahl verlieren enttäuschen vernachlässigbar wirtschaftlich_vorteil national hauptstadt alexandria wichtig hafen markt sklavenhandel rede abschaffung_sklaverei national hauptstadt bedenken alexandrias wirtschaft leiden schritt_unternehmen referendum baen wähler kongress virginia district_of columbia potomac_river alexandria_county virginia zurückgeben juli ziehen kongreß alexandria_county virginia stadt_alexandria aufnehmen alexandria_county verbleibend alexandria_county arlington_county umbenennen
|
EN_13_13
|
[
0.2233009628083521,
0,
0,
0,
0.00970873791832947,
0.004854368959164735,
0,
0,
0,
0.00970873791832947,
0.004854368959164735,
0.024271843864501104,
0.053398057619489514,
0,
0.004854368959164735,
0,
0.08737864312761037,
0.004854368959164735,
0.004854368959164735,
0,
0.004854368959164735,
0.101941749073782,
0.3834951505679818,
0,
0.07766990334663576
] |
[
[
22,
0.3834951505679818
],
[
0,
0.2233009628083521
],
[
21,
0.101941749073782
],
[
16,
0.08737864312761037
],
[
24,
0.07766990334663576
],
[
12,
0.053398057619489514
],
[
11,
0.024271843864501104
],
[
9,
0.00970873791832947
],
[
4,
0.00970873791832947
],
[
20,
0.004854368959164735
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_14
|
The first fatalities of the North and South in the American Civil War occurred in Alexandria. Within a month of the Battle of Fort Sumter, the Civil War's first battle, Union Army troops occupied Alexandria, landing troops at the base of King Street on the Potomac River on May 24, 1861. A few blocks up King Street from their landing site, the commander of the New York Fire Zouaves, Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth, sortied with a small detachment to remove a large Confederate flag displayed on the roof of the Marshall House Inn that had been visible from the White House. While descending from the roof, Ellsworth was shot dead by James W. Jackson, the hotel's proprietor. One of Ellsworth's soldiers immediately killed Jackson. Ellsworth was publicized as a Union martyr, and the incident generated great excitement in the North, with many children being named for him. Jackson's death defending his home caused a similar sensation in the South.
|
870.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 870
| null |
fatality north south american civil_war occur alexandria month battle fort_sumter civil_war battle union army troop occupy alexandria land troop base king_street potomac_river block king_street landing site commander new_york fire zouave colonel elmer ellsworth sortie small_detachment remove large confederate flag display roof marshall house inn visible white_house descend roof ellsworth shoot_dead james jackson hotel proprietor ellsworth soldier_kill jackson ellsworth publicize union martyr incident generate great excitement north child name jackson death defend home cause similar sensation south
|
todesfall norden_süden amerikanisch_bürgerkrieg ereignen alexandria monat schlacht fort schlacht bürgerkrieg besetzt truppe unionsarmee alexandria landen mai truppe fuß king_street potomac_river block king_street landestelle kommandant new_york fire zouaves colonel elmer e ellsworth sortiered abteilung konföderiert flagge dach marshall house inn weiß_haus entfernen abstieg dach ellsworth_james erschießen jackson besitzer hotel ellsworth soldat_töten jackson ellsworth märtyrer union vorfall erzeugt aufregung norden kind benennen jackson tod zuhause verteidigen verursachen ähnlich sensation süden
|
EN_13_14
|
[
0.03289473768152099,
0.013157894700079373,
0.026315789400158746,
0.006578947350039686,
0.026315789400158746,
0,
0.013157894700079373,
0.03947368223759299,
0.09868421304456299,
0,
0.006578947350039686,
0.026315789400158746,
0,
0,
0.006578947350039686,
0.03289473768152099,
0.05921052708167974,
0.29605263168310847,
0.006578947350039686,
0,
0.006578947350039686,
0,
0.23026315632006644,
0,
0.07236841991911398
] |
[
[
17,
0.29605263168310847
],
[
22,
0.23026315632006644
],
[
8,
0.09868421304456299
],
[
24,
0.07236841991911398
],
[
16,
0.05921052708167974
],
[
7,
0.03947368223759299
],
[
0,
0.03289473768152099
],
[
15,
0.03289473768152099
],
[
4,
0.026315789400158746
],
[
11,
0.026315789400158746
]
] | 17
|
EN_13_15
|
Alexandria remained under military occupation until the end of the Civil War. Fort Ward, one of a ring of forts built by the Union army for the defense of Washington, D.C., is located inside the boundaries of present-day Alexandria. There were five military prisons in the city, the largest being the Washington Street Military Prison. After the creation by Washington of the state of West Virginia in 1863 and until the close of the war, Alexandria was the seat of the so-called Restored Government of Virginia, also known as the "Alexandria Government". During the Union occupation, a recurring contention between the Alexandria citizenry and the military occupiers was the Union army's periodic insistence that church services include prayers for the President of the United States. Failure to do so resulted in incidents including the arrest of ministers in their church.
|
871.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 871
| null |
alexandria remain military occupation end civil_war fort ward ring fort build union army defense washington locate boundary day alexandria military_prison city large washington street military_prison creation washington state west_virginia close war alexandria seat call restored_government virginia know alexandria government union occupation recur contention alexandria citizenry military occupier union army periodic insistence church service include prayer president united_states failure result incident include arrest minister church
|
alexandria bleiben bürgerkrieg militärisch besatzung_fort ward ring festung union armee verteidigung washington bauen befinden grenze heutig alexandria militärgefängniß stadt washington street military prison gründung staat west_virginia washington kriegsende alexandria sitz sogenannter restauriert regierung virginia alexandria regierung besetzung union wiederkehrend auseinandersetzung alexandrinisch bürgerschaft militärbesatzung periodisch beharrlichkeit unionsarmee kirchlich gottesdienst gebet präsident vereinigt_staat beinhalen versäumnis führen vorfall verhaftung amtsträger kirche
|
EN_13_15
|
[
0.04032257974388137,
0,
0,
0.06451612759021019,
0.06451612759021019,
0,
0.016129031897552548,
0.1370967785797773,
0.04032257974388137,
0.15322581047732986,
0,
0,
0,
0.032258063795105096,
0.024193547846328822,
0.1370967785797773,
0.016129031897552548,
0.008064515948776274,
0.008064515948776274,
0,
0,
0.008064515948776274,
0.24193547846328822,
0,
0.008064515948776274
] |
[
[
22,
0.24193547846328822
],
[
9,
0.15322581047732986
],
[
15,
0.1370967785797773
],
[
7,
0.1370967785797773
],
[
4,
0.06451612759021019
],
[
3,
0.06451612759021019
],
[
0,
0.04032257974388137
],
[
8,
0.04032257974388137
],
[
13,
0.032258063795105096
],
[
14,
0.024193547846328822
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_16
|
In 1861 and 1862, escaped African American slaves poured into Alexandria. Safely behind Union lines, the cities of Alexandria and Washington offered comparative freedom and employment. Alexandria became a major supply depot and transport and hospital center for the Union army. Until the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, escaped slaves legally remained the property of their owners. Therefore, they were labeled contrabands to avoid returning them to their masters. Contrabands worked for the Union army in various support roles.
|
872.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 872
| null |
escape african_american slave pour alexandria union line city_alexandria washington offer comparative freedom employment alexandria major supply_depot transport hospital center union army emancipation_proclamation january escape_slave remain property_owner label contraband avoid return master contrabands work union army support role
|
strömen entflohen afroamerikanisch_sklave alexandria stadt_alexandria washington linie union boten komparativ freiheit beschäftigung alexandria versorgungsdepot krankenhauszentrum armee union emanzipationsproklamation januar bleiben entflohen_sklave eigentum_besitzer schmuggelware bezeichnen meister zurückgeben arbeiten armee union verschieden unterstützungsrolle
|
EN_13_16
|
[
0.013157894785859083,
0.013157894785859083,
0.013157894785859083,
0,
0.039473682494932105,
0,
0.013157894785859083,
0.026315789571718165,
0,
0.013157894785859083,
0.013157894785859083,
0.07894736498986421,
0.34210526815762643,
0.026315789571718165,
0,
0.013157894785859083,
0,
0.10526315828687266,
0.026315789571718165,
0.013157894785859083,
0.026315789571718165,
0,
0.14473684078180477,
0.026315789571718165,
0.05263157914343633
] |
[
[
12,
0.34210526815762643
],
[
22,
0.14473684078180477
],
[
17,
0.10526315828687266
],
[
11,
0.07894736498986421
],
[
24,
0.05263157914343633
],
[
4,
0.039473682494932105
],
[
18,
0.026315789571718165
],
[
20,
0.026315789571718165
],
[
23,
0.026315789571718165
],
[
7,
0.026315789571718165
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_17
|
After all slaves in the seceding states were liberated, even more African Americans came to Alexandria. By the fall of 1863, the population of Alexandria had exploded to 18,000—an increase of 10,000 people in 16 months.
|
873.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 873
| null |
slave secede state liberate african_americans alexandria fall population alexandria explode increase people month
|
sklave sezessionsstaate befreien afrikanisch_amerikaner alexandria herbst bevölkerung alexandria mensch explodieren zunahme mensch monat entsprechen
|
EN_13_17
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.11538461380853106,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.03846153917794043,
0.46153845523412423,
0.03846153917794043,
0,
0,
0,
0.03846153917794043,
0.07692307835588086,
0,
0,
0,
0.15384615671176172,
0,
0.07692307835588086
] |
[
[
12,
0.46153845523412423
],
[
22,
0.15384615671176172
],
[
4,
0.11538461380853106
],
[
24,
0.07692307835588086
],
[
18,
0.07692307835588086
],
[
13,
0.03846153917794043
],
[
11,
0.03846153917794043
],
[
17,
0.03846153917794043
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_18
|
As of ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, Alexandria County's black population was more than 8,700, or about half the total number of residents in the county. This newly enfranchised constituency provided the support necessary to elect the first black Alexandrians to the City Council and the Virginia Legislature.
|
874.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 874
| null |
ratification fifteenth_amendment alexandria_county black population total_number resident county enfranchise constituency support necessary elect black alexandrians city council virginia legislature
|
ratifizierung_änderung alexandria schwarz_bevölkerung hälfte gesamtzahl einwohner grafschaft besetzt wahlkreis bieten nötig unterstützung schwarz alexandrianer stadtrat virginia legislature_wählen
|
EN_13_18
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.025,
0,
0.12499999813735488,
0.05,
0,
0,
0,
0.3749999944120646,
0,
0,
0,
0.025,
0.025,
0.3000000074505805,
0.025,
0.05
] |
[
[
16,
0.3749999944120646
],
[
22,
0.3000000074505805
],
[
11,
0.12499999813735488
],
[
12,
0.05
],
[
24,
0.05
],
[
20,
0.025
],
[
9,
0.025
],
[
21,
0.025
],
[
23,
0.025
]
] | 16
|
EN_13_19
|
In the waning years of the 19th century, Alexandria suffered its two documented lynchings. The first, in 1897, was Joseph H. McCoy and the second, in 1899, was Benjamin Thomas. Both were Black male teenagers accused, but never convicted, of assaulting young white girls that were known to them. They were both kidnapped from jail and hanged by mobs.
|
875.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 875
| null |
wane year century alexandria suffer document lynching joseph mccoy second benjamin thomas black male teenager accuse_convict assault young white girl know kidnap jail hang mob
|
abnehmend jahrhundert erleiden alexandria dokumentiert lynchunge joseph mccoy benjamin thomas schwarz männlich teenager beschuldigen verurteilen angriff jung weiß mädchen gefängnis entführen mafia erhängen
|
EN_13_19
|
[
0.022222221973869544,
0,
0.13333333556850743,
0,
0.26666667113701487,
0,
0.022222221973869544,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.22222221601340528,
0.13333333556850743,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.08888888789547818,
0.022222221973869544,
0.04444444394773909,
0,
0,
0.04444444394773909,
0,
0
] |
[
[
4,
0.26666667113701487
],
[
11,
0.22222221601340528
],
[
2,
0.13333333556850743
],
[
12,
0.13333333556850743
],
[
17,
0.08888888789547818
],
[
19,
0.04444444394773909
],
[
22,
0.04444444394773909
],
[
18,
0.022222221973869544
],
[
6,
0.022222221973869544
],
[
0,
0.022222221973869544
]
] | 4
|
EN_13_20
|
At the turn of the 20th century the most common production in the city was glass, fertilizer, beer, and leather. The glass often went into beer bottles. Much of the Virginia Glass Company effort went to supply the demands of the Robert Portner Brewing Company, until fire destroyed the St. Asaph Street plant on February 18, 1905. The Old Dominion Glass Company also had a glass works fall to fire, then built a new one. The Belle Pre Bottle Company held a monopoly on a milk bottle that they patented, yet that organization only lasted 10 years. Most businesses were smaller where the business occupied the first floor of a building and the owner and family lived above. Prohibition closed Portner Brewing in 1916.
|
876.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 876
| null |
turn century common production city glass fertilizer beer leather glass beer bottle virginia glass company effort supply demand robert portner brewing_company fire destroy asaph street plant february old_dominion glass company glass work fall fire build new belle pre bottle company hold monopoly milk bottle patent organization year business small business occupy floor building owner family live prohibition close portner brewing
|
wende_jahrhundert häufig produktion stadt glas dünger bier leder glas bierflasche großteil virginia glass company bemühen anforderung robert portner brewing liefern feuer_zerstören st asaph street werk februar old_dominion glass company glaswerk brand fallen bauen pre bottle company monopol milchflasche patentieren organisation dauern unternehmen unternehmen etage gebäude besetzen eigentümer familie leben verbot schließen portner brewing
|
EN_13_20
|
[
0.009174311738632137,
0,
0,
0.009174311738632137,
0.018348623477264275,
0.018348623477264275,
0.06422018403307014,
0,
0.018348623477264275,
0.009174311738632137,
0.0825688112356248,
0.1009174309875987,
0.018348623477264275,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.009174311738632137,
0,
0.018348623477264275,
0,
0.2018348619751974,
0.4036697239503948,
0.018348623477264275,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.4036697239503948
],
[
21,
0.2018348619751974
],
[
11,
0.1009174309875987
],
[
10,
0.0825688112356248
],
[
6,
0.06422018403307014
],
[
12,
0.018348623477264275
],
[
23,
0.018348623477264275
],
[
19,
0.018348623477264275
],
[
5,
0.018348623477264275
],
[
8,
0.018348623477264275
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_21
|
President Woodrow Wilson visited the Virginia Shipbuilding Corporation on May 30, 1918, to drive the first rivet into the keel of the SS Gunston Hall. In 1930, Alexandria annexed the town adjacent to Potomac Yard incorporated in 1908 named Potomac. In 1938 the Mt. Vernon Drive-In cinema opened. In 1939, the segregated public library experienced a sit-in organized by Samuel Wilbert Tucker. In 1940, both the Robert Robinson Library, which is now the Alexandria Black History Museum, and the Vernon Theatre opened Jim Morrison of The Doors, as well as Cass Elliot and John Phillips of The Mamas & The Papas attended the George Washington High School in the 1950s.
|
877.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 877
| null |
president_woodrow wilson visit virginia shipbuilding corporation drive rivet keel ss gunston_hall alexandria annex town adjacent potomac_yard incorporate name potomac vernon drive cinema open segregated public_library experience sit organize samuel wilbert tucker robert robinson library alexandria black history museum vernon theatre open jim morrison door cass elliot john phillips mamas papas attend george_washington high_school
|
präsident_woodrow wilson besuchen virginia corporation mai niete kiel ss gunston_hall fahren alexandria annektieren stadt potomac_yard name potomac mt vernon kino eröffnen erleben segregiert öffentlich_bibliothek samuel wilbert tucker organisieren eröffnen robert robinson library alexandria black history museum vernon theatre jim morrison of_the doors cass elliot john phillips of_the mamas the papas george_washington high_school
|
EN_13_21
|
[
0,
0.018348622964609658,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.009174311482304829,
0,
0.009174311482304829,
0,
0.12844036447755788,
0.09174311854833857,
0,
0,
0,
0.009174311482304829,
0.018348622964609658,
0,
0.036697245929219316,
0.027522936309559626,
0.220183490476477,
0,
0.43119266388271377,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.43119266388271377
],
[
20,
0.220183490476477
],
[
10,
0.12844036447755788
],
[
11,
0.09174311854833857
],
[
18,
0.036697245929219316
],
[
19,
0.027522936309559626
],
[
1,
0.018348622964609658
],
[
16,
0.018348622964609658
],
[
15,
0.009174311482304829
],
[
6,
0.009174311482304829
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_22
|
In 1955, then-Representative and future President Gerald R. Ford and his family moved to Alexandria from Georgetown. The Fords remained in their Alexandria home during Ford's tenure as Vice President (1973–1974), as the vice president did not yet have an official residence. Following the resignation of Richard Nixon, Ford spent his first 10 days as President in the house before moving to the White House.
|
878.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 878
| null |
representative future president_gerald ford family_move alexandria georgetown fords remain alexandria home ford tenure vice_president president official residence follow resignation richard_nixon ford spend day president house move white_house
|
zukünftig_präsident gerald_r ford familie ziehen alexandria georgetown ford bleiben amtszeit ford vice wohnung alexandria vice offiziell residenz rücktritt richard_nixon verbringen ford präsident haus weiß_haus ziehen
|
EN_13_22
|
[
0.017543859256986996,
0.64912281486026,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.017543859256986996,
0,
0,
0,
0.10526315554192199,
0.017543859256986996,
0.017543859256986996,
0,
0,
0,
0.017543859256986996,
0,
0,
0,
0.017543859256986996,
0,
0.14035087405589597,
0,
0
] |
[
[
1,
0.64912281486026
],
[
22,
0.14035087405589597
],
[
10,
0.10526315554192199
],
[
16,
0.017543859256986996
],
[
20,
0.017543859256986996
],
[
12,
0.017543859256986996
],
[
11,
0.017543859256986996
],
[
0,
0.017543859256986996
],
[
6,
0.017543859256986996
]
] | 1
|
EN_13_23
|
In March 1959, Lieutenant Colonel William Henry Whalen, the "highest-ranking American ever recruited as a mole by the Russian Intelligence Service", provided Colonel Sergei A. Edemski three classified Army manuals in exchange for $3,500 at a shopping center parking lot within the city. Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation later arrested Whalen on July 12, 1966, at his home in the city. In 1961 the original Woodrow Wilson Bridge opened.
|
879.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 879
| null |
march lieutenant_colonel william_henry whalen rank american recruit mole russian_intelligence service colonel sergei edemski classified army manual exchange shopping_center parking_lot city agent federal bureau_investigation arrest whalen july home city original woodrow_wilson bridge open
|
märz stellen oberstleutnant william_henry whalen amerikaner russisch_geheimdienst maulwurf rekrutieren colonel sergei verfügung edemski klassifiziert austausch füar einkaufszentrum parkplatz stadt agent fbi verhaften whale juli wohnung stadt ursprünglich woodrow_wilson bridge_eröffnen
|
EN_13_23
|
[
0,
0.1571428575553,
0,
0,
0.09999999823048716,
0,
0.01428571389988066,
0,
0,
0.01428571389988066,
0,
0.01428571389988066,
0.01428571389988066,
0,
0.042857142630964525,
0.2714285762049256,
0.02857142779976132,
0.01428571389988066,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.32857142807915807,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.32857142807915807
],
[
15,
0.2714285762049256
],
[
1,
0.1571428575553
],
[
4,
0.09999999823048716
],
[
14,
0.042857142630964525
],
[
16,
0.02857142779976132
],
[
17,
0.01428571389988066
],
[
6,
0.01428571389988066
],
[
9,
0.01428571389988066
],
[
12,
0.01428571389988066
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_24
|
In 1965, the city integrated schools. In 1971, the city consolidated all high school junior and senior students into T. C. Williams High School. Freshman and sophomore students were assigned to attend either Francis C Hammond or George Washington, formerly four-year high schools, as part of a system-wide overhaul of the public school system, beginning with kindergarten classes, in an attempt to racially "balance" student population throughout the city's public schools to better reflect the city's racial makeup. The plan was known as the "K-6, 2, 2, 2 plan". Classes were broken out, beginning with kindergarten through sixth grade; then seventh through eighth; then freshman and sophomore classes; and finally junior and senior classes, with the changes including being moved to a different school building. The same year that head coach Herman Boone joined the school and lead the football team to a 13–0 season, a state championship, and a national championship runner-up; the basis for the 2000 film Remember the Titans where Boone was portrayed by Denzel Washington.
|
880.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 880
| null |
city integrate school city consolidate high_school junior senior student williams high_school freshman sophomore student assign attend francis c_hammond george_washington year high_school system wide overhaul public school system begin kindergarten class attempt balance student population city public school reflect city racial_makeup plan know plan class break begin kindergarten sixth grade seventh freshman sophomore class junior senior class change include move different school building year head coach herman boone join school lead football_team season state championship national championship runner basis film remember titans boone_portray denzel washington
|
integrieren stadt schule konsolidieren stadt t c williams high_school systemweit überholung öffentlich_schulsystem kindergartenklassen francis hammond george_washington vierjährig zuteilen versuchen schülerbevölkerung öffentlich_schule stadt balancieren rassisch zusammensetzung stadt widerzuspiegeln plan plan klasse ausbrechen anfangen kindergart klasse neuling veränderung schulgebäude verlegen selber treten trainer herman boone schule führen fußballmannschaft staatsmeisterschaft national meisterschaft
|
EN_13_24
|
[
0,
0.0078125,
0,
0.015625,
0.0078125,
0.0078125,
0,
0.046875,
0,
0,
0.046875,
0.2421875,
0.0234375,
0.0078125,
0.0078125,
0,
0.0234375,
0,
0.015625,
0.0390625,
0.3125,
0,
0.140625,
0,
0.0546875
] |
[
[
20,
0.3125
],
[
11,
0.2421875
],
[
22,
0.140625
],
[
24,
0.0546875
],
[
10,
0.046875
],
[
7,
0.046875
],
[
19,
0.0390625
],
[
12,
0.0234375
],
[
16,
0.0234375
],
[
3,
0.015625
]
] | 20
|
EN_13_25
|
In 1972, Clifford T. Cline purchased the 1890 Victorian house at 219 King Street and converted it into the Creole serving Two-Nineteen Restaurant. In 1973, Nora Lamborne and Beverly Beidler became the first women elected to the city council. In 1974, the Torpedo Factory Art Center opened. In 1983, the King Street–Old Town station, Braddock Road station, and Eisenhower Avenue station opened as the Washington Metro system expanded. In 1991, the Van Dorn Street station opened and Patricia Ticer became the first woman to be elected mayor.
|
881.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 881
| null |
clifford cline purchase victorian house king_street convert information_technology creole serve nineteen restaurant nora lamborne beverly beidler woman elect city council torpedo_factory art center open king_street old_town station braddock_road station eisenhower avenue station open washington_metro system expand van_dorn street station open patricia ticer woman elect mayor
|
clifford cline kaufen viktorianisch haus king_street verwandeln kreole restaurant nora lamborne beverly beidler frau stadtrat_wählen eröffnen torpedo factory art center bahnhof king_town bahnhof braddock_road bahnhof eisenhower avenue eröffnen bahnhof van_dorn street eröffnen patricia ticer frau bürgermeisterin wählen
|
EN_13_25
|
[
0,
0,
0.033707864519752814,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.022471910300716925,
0,
0.04494382060143385,
0.022471910300716925,
0.07865168884647696,
0.011235955150358462,
0.011235955150358462,
0.04494382060143385,
0.022471910300716925,
0.033707864519752814,
0,
0.033707864519752814,
0.022471910300716925,
0.056179776683114885,
0,
0.5168539276032635,
0,
0.04494382060143385
] |
[
[
22,
0.5168539276032635
],
[
11,
0.07865168884647696
],
[
20,
0.056179776683114885
],
[
14,
0.04494382060143385
],
[
24,
0.04494382060143385
],
[
9,
0.04494382060143385
],
[
2,
0.033707864519752814
],
[
16,
0.033707864519752814
],
[
18,
0.033707864519752814
],
[
10,
0.022471910300716925
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_26
|
Until 2014, local legislation mandated that all new north–south streets in the city be named for Confederate military leaders. Efforts have increased in recent years to expedite the renaming of these streets with Mayor Justin Wilson and the City Council setting a goal of renaming three of these streets annually. In 2019, the name of U.S. 1 was changed from Jefferson Davis Highway to Richmond Highway.
|
882.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 882
| null |
local legislation mandate new north south street city name confederate military leader effort increase recent_year expedite renaming street mayor justin wilson city council set_goal rename street change jefferson_davis highway richmond highway
|
stadt konföderiert militärführer benennen anstrengung letzter zunehmen umbenennung straße bürgermeister justin wilson stadtrat ziel straße umzubenenn name offiziell einzelnachweise
|
EN_13_26
|
[
0,
0,
0.04166666728754837,
0.10416666263093557,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.16666666915019349,
0,
0.04166666728754837,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04166666728754837,
0,
0.020833333643774186,
0,
0,
0,
0.4583333364377419,
0.020833333643774186,
0.10416666263093557
] |
[
[
22,
0.4583333364377419
],
[
9,
0.16666666915019349
],
[
24,
0.10416666263093557
],
[
3,
0.10416666263093557
],
[
16,
0.04166666728754837
],
[
11,
0.04166666728754837
],
[
2,
0.04166666728754837
],
[
18,
0.020833333643774186
],
[
23,
0.020833333643774186
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_27
|
In November 2020, the school board unanimously voted to rename T. C. Williams High School and Matthew Maury Elementary School. The high school was renamed Alexandria City High School and Maury Elementary was renamed Naomi L. Brooks Elementary School, effective July 1, 2021.
|
883.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 883
| null |
november school_board vote rename williams high_school matthew maury elementary_school high_school rename alexandria city high_school maury elementary rename naomi brooks elementary_school effective july
|
november stimmen schulrat umbenennung t c williams high_school matthew maury grundschule_high school alexandria_city high_school umbenennen naomi l brooks grundschule wirkung juli
|
EN_13_27
|
[
0,
0.06382978766998078,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.04255319053822375,
0,
0.06382978766998078,
0.021276595269111874,
0,
0,
0.04255319053822375,
0,
0,
0,
0.021276595269111874,
0.5531914881727796,
0,
0.10638298193349487,
0.021276595269111874,
0.06382978766998078
] |
[
[
20,
0.5531914881727796
],
[
22,
0.10638298193349487
],
[
24,
0.06382978766998078
],
[
1,
0.06382978766998078
],
[
11,
0.06382978766998078
],
[
15,
0.04255319053822375
],
[
9,
0.04255319053822375
],
[
23,
0.021276595269111874
],
[
19,
0.021276595269111874
],
[
12,
0.021276595269111874
]
] | 20
|
EN_13_28
|
In December 2023, Virginia Governor Glenn Youngkin and Monumental Sports & Entertainment founder Ted Leonsis announced plans to develop a 70-acre area in Potomac Yards to include a concert venue, businesses, and a new arena that would have been home to the Washington Capitals and Washington Wizards. The proposal failed in March 2024 with the announcement Virginia negotiations were ending and Monumental planning to sign an additional lease with Washington, D.C. after it did not advance in the Virginia General Assembly.
|
884.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 884
| null |
december virginia governor glenn youngkin monumental sports entertainment founder ted leonsis announce plan develop acre area potomac yards include concert venue business new arena washington capitals washington wizards proposal fail march announcement virginia negotiation end monumental planning sign additional lease washington information_technology advance virginia general_assembly
|
dezember_kündigen virginia gouverneur glenn youngkin monumental sport entertainment gründer ted leonsis plan hektar gebiet potomac_yard entwickeln konzertsaal geschäft arena heimat washington capitals washington wizard vorschlag_scheitern märz ankündigung virginia verhandlung beenden monumental planen zusätzlich mietvertrag washington generalversammlung_virginia vorankommen
|
EN_13_28
|
[
0.012195121360624716,
0.02439024272124943,
0,
0.012195121360624716,
0,
0,
0.012195121360624716,
0.012195121360624716,
0,
0.13414634614274265,
0,
0.02439024272124943,
0,
0,
0.012195121360624716,
0.012195121360624716,
0.1463414563274966,
0,
0.06097561052841383,
0,
0.17073170649932654,
0.02439024272124943,
0.3292683028138991,
0,
0.012195121360624716
] |
[
[
22,
0.3292683028138991
],
[
20,
0.17073170649932654
],
[
16,
0.1463414563274966
],
[
9,
0.13414634614274265
],
[
18,
0.06097561052841383
],
[
11,
0.02439024272124943
],
[
1,
0.02439024272124943
],
[
21,
0.02439024272124943
],
[
24,
0.012195121360624716
],
[
0,
0.012195121360624716
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_29
|
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.5 square miles (40.1 km2), of which 15.0 square miles (38.9 km2) is land and 0.42 square miles (1.1 km2), or 2.85%, is water. Alexandria is bounded on the east by the Potomac River (which forms the boundary between the city and Washington, D.C. and Prince George's County, Maryland), on the north and northwest by Arlington County, and on the south by Fairfax County. The western portions of the city were annexed from those two entities beginning in the 1930s.
|
885.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 885
| null |
accord_census bureau city total_area square_mile square_mile land square_mile water alexandria bound east potomac_river form boundary city washington prince_george county_maryland north northwest arlington_county south fairfax_county western_portion city annex entity begin
|
angabe_census bureau fläche land wasser alexandria grenzen osten potomac_river grenze stadt washington bilden prince_county maryland norden nordwest arlington_county süden fairfax_county westlich teil stadt einheit annektieren
|
EN_13_29
|
[
0.6417910450680265,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.014925372772919599,
0,
0.014925372772919599,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.029850745545839198,
0,
0,
0,
0.014925372772919599,
0.28358209106737553,
0,
0
] |
[
[
0,
0.6417910450680265
],
[
22,
0.28358209106737553
],
[
17,
0.029850745545839198
],
[
12,
0.014925372772919599
],
[
21,
0.014925372772919599
],
[
10,
0.014925372772919599
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_30
|
The addressing system in Alexandria is not uniform and reflects the consolidation of several originally separate communities into a single city. In Old Town Alexandria, building numbers are assigned north and south from King Street and west (only) from the Potomac River. In the areas formerly in the town of Potomac, such as Del Ray and St. Elmo, building numbers are assigned east and west from Commonwealth Avenue and north (only) from King Street. In the western parts of the city, building numbers are assigned north and south from Duke Street.
|
886.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 886
| null |
addressing system alexandria uniform reflect consolidation separate community single city old_town alexandria building number assign north king_street west potomac_river area town_potomac del ray elmo building number assign east_west commonwealth avenue north king_street western part city building number assign north duke_street
|
adressierungssystem alexandria spiegeln konsolidierung getrennt gemeinde einzig stadt altstadt_alexandria gebäudenummer norden_süden king_street westen potomac fluss zugewiesen gebiet stadt potomac del ray st elmo gebäudenummer ost west commonwealth avenue nord king_street zugewiesen westlich teil stadt baunummer duke_street zugewiesen
|
EN_13_30
|
[
0.3456790174966977,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0370370375889319,
0.1111111127667957,
0,
0,
0.024691358392621265,
0.012345679196310633,
0,
0.0740740751778638,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.024691358392621265,
0,
0.3703703609881577,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.3703703609881577
],
[
0,
0.3456790174966977
],
[
7,
0.1111111127667957
],
[
13,
0.0740740751778638
],
[
6,
0.0370370375889319
],
[
20,
0.024691358392621265
],
[
10,
0.024691358392621265
],
[
11,
0.012345679196310633
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_31
|
The ZIP Code prefix 223 uniquely identifies the Alexandria postal area. However, the Alexandria postal area extends into Fairfax County and includes addresses outside of the city. Delivery areas have ZIP Codes 22301, 22302, 22303, 22304, 22305, 22306, 22307, 22308, 22309, 22310, 22311, 22312, 22314, and 22315, with other ZIP Codes in use for post office boxes and large mailers (22313, 22331, 22332, 22333).
|
887.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 887
| null |
zip_code prefix_identify alexandria postal area alexandria postal area extend fairfax_county include address city delivery area zip codes zip codes post_office box large mailer
|
identifizieren erstrecken alexandria postgebiet fairfax_county adresse stadt liefergebiete postfächer postsendung
|
EN_13_31
|
[
0,
0,
0.08823529466548385,
0,
0,
0.05882352853522583,
0,
0.029411764267612914,
0.029411764267612914,
0.029411764267612914,
0,
0.029411764267612914,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.47058822828180663,
0.26470589144703205,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.47058822828180663
],
[
23,
0.26470589144703205
],
[
2,
0.08823529466548385
],
[
5,
0.05882352853522583
],
[
9,
0.029411764267612914
],
[
8,
0.029411764267612914
],
[
11,
0.029411764267612914
],
[
7,
0.029411764267612914
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_32
|
Part of the George Washington Memorial Parkway is the one national protected area within the borders of Alexandria.
|
888.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 888
| null |
george_washington memorial_parkway national protect area border alexandria
|
george_washington memorial_parkway einzig national schutzgebiet grenze alexandria
|
EN_13_32
|
[
0.23529411151128676,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05882352787782169,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05882352787782169,
0,
0.05882352787782169,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.5294117769774265,
0.05882352787782169,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.5294117769774265
],
[
0,
0.23529411151128676
],
[
17,
0.05882352787782169
],
[
15,
0.05882352787782169
],
[
23,
0.05882352787782169
],
[
10,
0.05882352787782169
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_33
|
As of 2024, the City of Alexandria is divided into 19 "Small Area Plans" and 11 additional overlapping plans. These areas and their component neighborhoods include:
|
889.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 889
| null |
city_alexandria divide small area plan additional overlapping plan area component neighborhood include
|
stadt_alexandria flächenplan überlappend plan unterteilt gebiet bestandteil gehören
|
EN_13_33
|
[
0.10526315867900848,
0.05263157933950424,
0,
0,
0,
0.31578946113586426,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05263157933950424,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.4736842215061188,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.4736842215061188
],
[
5,
0.31578946113586426
],
[
0,
0.10526315867900848
],
[
1,
0.05263157933950424
],
[
15,
0.05263157933950424
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_34
|
Many areas outside the city have an Alexandria mailing address yet are a part of Fairfax County including: Hollin Hills, Franconia, Groveton, Hybla Valley, Huntington, Lincolnia, Belle Haven, Mount Vernon, Fort Hunt, Engleside, Burgundy Village, Waynewood, Wilton Woods, Rose Hill, Virginia Hills, Hayfield, and Kingstowne. Some refer to these areas as Lower Alexandria, South Alexandria, or Alexandria, Fairfax County.
|
890.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 890
| null |
area city_alexandria mailing_address fairfax_county include hollin hills franconia groveton hybla valley huntington lincolnia belle_haven mount_vernon fort_hunt engleside burgundy village waynewood wilton woods rose hill virginia hills hayfield kingstowne refer area lower alexandria south alexandria alexandria fairfax_county
|
gebiet stadt_alexandria postanschrift fairfax_county hollin hills franken groveton hybla valley huntington lincolnia belle_hav mount_vernon fort_hunt engleside burgund village waynewood wilton woods rose hill virginia hills hayfield kingstowne bezeichnen gebiet lower alexandria south alexandria alexandria fairfax_county
|
EN_13_34
|
[
0.37500000419095164,
0,
0,
0,
0.012500000325962905,
0.012500000325962905,
0,
0,
0,
0.012500000325962905,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.012500000325962905,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.5749999945051968,
0,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.5749999945051968
],
[
0,
0.37500000419095164
],
[
9,
0.012500000325962905
],
[
15,
0.012500000325962905
],
[
4,
0.012500000325962905
],
[
5,
0.012500000325962905
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_35
|
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Alexandria has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
|
891.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 891
| null |
climate area characterize hot_humid summer mild cool_winter accord köppen_climate classification system alexandria humid_subtropical climate abbreviate cfa climate map
|
klima gebiet zeichnen heiß feucht_sommer regel kühl_winter klimaklassifikationssystem köppen verfügen alexandria feucht_subtropisch klima klimakart cfa abgekürzt
|
EN_13_35
|
[
0.7179487147010291,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.12820513188265828,
0,
0.025641025258944596,
0,
0.025641025258944596,
0,
0,
0,
0.025641025258944596,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.07692307763947888,
0,
0
] |
[
[
0,
0.7179487147010291
],
[
5,
0.12820513188265828
],
[
22,
0.07692307763947888
],
[
9,
0.025641025258944596
],
[
13,
0.025641025258944596
],
[
7,
0.025641025258944596
]
] | 0
|
EN_13_36
|
At the 2010 census, there were 139,966 people, 68,082 households and 30,978 families residing in the city. The population density was 8,452.0 inhabitants per square mile (3,263.3/km2). There were 68,082 housing units at an average density of 4,233.2 per square mile (1,634.4/km2). The racial/ethnic mix of the population was:
|
892.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 892
| null |
census people household family_reside city population_density inhabitant_square mile_housing unit average_density square_mile racial ethnic mix population
|
volkszählung_leben mensch_haushalt familie_bevölkerungsdicht betragen_einwohner wohneinheit_durchschnittlich dichte rassisch ethnisch mischung bevölkerung
|
EN_13_36
|
[
0.1142857136470931,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.028571428411773275,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.8285714295293604,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.028571428411773275,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.8285714295293604
],
[
0,
0.1142857136470931
],
[
5,
0.028571428411773275
],
[
17,
0.028571428411773275
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_37
|
6.0% Asian (1.3% Indian, 1.0% Filipino, 0.9% Chinese, 0.8% Korean, 0.5% Thai, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 1.0% Other)
|
893.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 893
| null |
asian indian filipino chinese korean thai vietnamese japanese
|
asiatisch indisch filipino chinesisch koreanisch thailändisch vietnamesisch japanisch sonstige
|
EN_13_37
|
[
0.1764705867013511,
0,
0,
0.05882352765868698,
0,
0,
0,
0.11764705531737396,
0,
0.529411775005214,
0,
0,
0.05882352765868698,
0,
0,
0.05882352765868698,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
9,
0.529411775005214
],
[
0,
0.1764705867013511
],
[
7,
0.11764705531737396
],
[
15,
0.05882352765868698
],
[
12,
0.05882352765868698
],
[
3,
0.05882352765868698
]
] | 9
|
EN_13_38
|
16.1% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any national origin (4.6% Salvadoran, 1.7% Mexican, 1.6% Honduran, 1.1% Guatemalan, 1.1% Puerto Rican, 0.9% Bolivian, 0.8% Peruvian, 0.4% Colombian)
|
894.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 894
| null |
population hispanics latinos national_origin salvadoran mexican honduran guatemalan puerto_rican bolivian peruvian colombian
|
prozent_bevölkerung spanisch_lateinamerikanisch abstammung prozent salvadoraner prozent mexikaner prozent honduraner prozent guatemalaner prozent puerto_ricaner prozent bolivienner prozent peruaner prozent kolumbienner
|
EN_13_38
|
[
0.05555555627991756,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02777777813995878,
0,
0,
0.8611111093002061,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.05555555627991756,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.8611111093002061
],
[
0,
0.05555555627991756
],
[
20,
0.05555555627991756
],
[
9,
0.02777777813995878
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_39
|
In 2000, there were 61,889 households, of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 55.2% were non-families. 43.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04 and the average family size was 2.87.
|
895.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 895
| null |
household_child age_live married_couple live_female householder_husband non family_household individual live world_health organization year age old average_household size_average family_size
|
haushalt stellen_verheiratet weiblich_haushaltsvorstand ehemann bilden familie singlehaushalt leben mensch alter_durchschnittshaushaltsgröße betragen_durchschnittlich familiengroß_liegen person
|
EN_13_39
|
[
0.05000000121071936,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02500000060535968,
0,
0.05000000121071936,
0,
0.3000000147148968,
0.02500000060535968,
0.5249999810475854,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.02500000060535968
] |
[
[
12,
0.5249999810475854
],
[
10,
0.3000000147148968
],
[
8,
0.05000000121071936
],
[
0,
0.05000000121071936
],
[
6,
0.02500000060535968
],
[
11,
0.02500000060535968
],
[
24,
0.02500000060535968
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_40
|
The age distribution was 16.8% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 43.5% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.
|
896.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 896
| null |
age distribution age world_health organization year age old_median age year female_male female_age male
|
bevölkerung verteiln minderjährige alter durchschnittsalter_betragen weiblich_person männlich_person frau alter mann
|
EN_13_40
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.07999999821186066,
0,
0.03999999910593033,
0,
0,
0,
0.4000000059604645,
0.4399999976158142,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.03999999910593033,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.4399999976158142
],
[
11,
0.4000000059604645
],
[
5,
0.07999999821186066
],
[
7,
0.03999999910593033
],
[
23,
0.03999999910593033
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_41
|
According to 2019 Census Bureau data, the median household income was $103,284 and median family income was $130,395. Additionally, 8.6% of the population of the population were below the poverty line. 14.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
|
897.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 897
| null |
accord_census bureau datum median_household income_median family income population population_poverty line age old live_poverty line
|
datum census_bureau betragen_mittlerer haushaltseinkommen mittlerer_familieneinkommen leben bevölkerung armutsgrenze leben_armutsgrenze
|
EN_13_41
|
[
0.0344827582353148,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0344827582353148,
0,
0,
0.0344827582353148,
0,
0,
0.0344827582353148,
0.7931034505881112,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.0344827582353148,
0.0344827582353148,
0,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.7931034505881112
],
[
21,
0.0344827582353148
],
[
8,
0.0344827582353148
],
[
11,
0.0344827582353148
],
[
0,
0.0344827582353148
],
[
5,
0.0344827582353148
],
[
22,
0.0344827582353148
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_42
|
According to 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, 69.9% of Alexandria residents aged 25 and older have attained a bachelor's degree or higher, compared with 42.2% statewide.
|
898.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 898
| null |
accord american community survey year estimate alexandria_resident age old attain bachelor_degree high
|
schätzung american community survey einwohner alexandria alter erreichen vergleichen land
|
EN_13_42
|
[
0,
0,
0.047619047086863306,
0,
0,
0.09523809417372661,
0.047619047086863306,
0,
0.047619047086863306,
0,
0,
0.047619047086863306,
0.3333333333333333,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.14285714498588012,
0.09523809417372661,
0.14285714498588012,
0,
0
] |
[
[
12,
0.3333333333333333
],
[
20,
0.14285714498588012
],
[
22,
0.14285714498588012
],
[
5,
0.09523809417372661
],
[
21,
0.09523809417372661
],
[
11,
0.047619047086863306
],
[
8,
0.047619047086863306
],
[
2,
0.047619047086863306
],
[
6,
0.047619047086863306
]
] | 12
|
EN_13_43
|
Companies headquartered in Alexandria include Crooked Beat Records, Five Guys, the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), The Motley Fool, Oblon law firm, Pentagon Federal Credit Union (PenFed), Port City Brewing Company, Purple Strategies, ThinkFun, and VSE. Several federal agencies are based in Alexandria, including the National Credit Union Administration, United States Patent and Trademark Office, National Science Foundation, Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense, and the Food and Nutrition Service. The Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA), the federal school system for military dependents, is headquartered in Alexandria.
|
899.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 899
| null |
company_headquarter alexandria include crooked beat records guy institute defense analyses ida motley fool oblon law_firm pentagon federal credit union penfed port city brewing_company purple strategies thinkfun vse federal_agency base alexandria include national credit union administration united_states patent_trademark office national science_foundation office inspector_general department_defense food nutrition service department_defense education activity dodea federal school system military dependent headquarter alexandria
|
unternehmen_hauptsitz alexandria crooked beat records five guys institut verteidigungsanalysen ida the motley fool oblon anwaltskanzlei pentagon federal credit_union penfed port city brewing_company purple strategies thinkfun vse bundesbehörde alexandria national credit_union administration united_states patent and trademark office national science_foundation office_of the inspector_general verteidigungsministerium ernährungsdienst department_of education activity dodea föderal schulsystem militärangehörige sitz alexandria
|
EN_13_43
|
[
0,
0.050420167331560344,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.23529411173042147,
0,
0.025210083665780172,
0,
0.10084033466312069,
0.008403361532367573,
0,
0,
0.025210083665780172,
0,
0.033613446129470294,
0.008403361532367573,
0,
0.1428571451189262,
0.09243697406207566,
0.26890756903576235,
0.008403361532367573,
0
] |
[
[
22,
0.26890756903576235
],
[
7,
0.23529411173042147
],
[
20,
0.1428571451189262
],
[
11,
0.10084033466312069
],
[
21,
0.09243697406207566
],
[
1,
0.050420167331560344
],
[
17,
0.033613446129470294
],
[
15,
0.025210083665780172
],
[
9,
0.025210083665780172
],
[
23,
0.008403361532367573
]
] | 22
|
EN_13_44
|
Alexandria is home to many charities and non-profit organizations including the national headquarters of Catholic Charities, Citizens for the Republic, Global Impact, Good360, International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children, Islamic Relief USA, United Way, and Volunteers of America. Trade associations located in the city include the American Counseling Association, the Human Resource Certification Institute, the Society for Human Resource Management, the National Society of Professional Engineers, the National Beer Wholesalers Association, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, National Industries for the Blind, American Physical Therapy Association, the National Association of Convenience Stores, and the American International Automobile Dealers Association. Alexandria also has a Chamber of Commerce and other business associations including the West End Business Association, the Del Ray Business Association and the Old Town Business Association.
|
900.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 900
| null |
alexandria home charity non_profit organization include national headquarters catholic charities citizens republic global impact international centre missing exploited children islamic relief usa united way volunteers america trade association locate city include american counseling association human_resource certification institute society human_resource management national society professional engineers national beer wholesalers association american society clinical oncology national industries blind american physical therapy association national association convenience stores american international automobile dealers association alexandria chamber_commerce business association include west end business association del ray business association old_town business association
|
EN_13_44
|
[
0,
0,
0,
0.023809524208662055,
0,
0.011904762104331027,
0,
0.04761904841732411,
0.059523809590332565,
0.07142857448863131,
0,
0.023809524208662055,
0,
0,
0.035714287244315655,
0,
0.011904762104331027,
0,
0,
0,
0.440476178302474,
0.09523809683464822,
0.17857143249628799,
0,
0
] |
[
[
20,
0.440476178302474
],
[
22,
0.17857143249628799
],
[
21,
0.09523809683464822
],
[
9,
0.07142857448863131
],
[
8,
0.059523809590332565
],
[
7,
0.04761904841732411
],
[
14,
0.035714287244315655
],
[
11,
0.023809524208662055
],
[
3,
0.023809524208662055
],
[
5,
0.011904762104331027
]
] | 20
|
|
EN_13_45
|
Major employment sectors in Alexandria include management consulting, business and finance, office and administrative support, computer and mathematical, sales, and legal. Jobs in Alexandria are highly concentrated around the city's Metrorail stations, primarily in Old Town North and the Braddock Road area, Old Town, and Carlyle near the Eisenhower Avenue station, as well as along the I-395 corridor on the west side of the city.
|
901.0
|
Alexandria is an independent city in Northern Virginia, United States. It lies on the western bank of the Potomac River approximately 7 miles (11 km) south of D.C. The city's population of 159,467 at the 2020 census made it the sixth-most populous city in Virginia and 169th-most populous city in the U.S. Alexandria is a principal city of the Washington metropolitan area, which is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area.
Like the rest of Northern Virginia and Central Maryland, present-day Alexandria has been influenced by its proximity to the U.S. capital. It is largely populated by professionals working in the federal civil service, in the U.S. military, or for one of the many private companies which contract to provide services to the U.S. federal government. The city's largest employers include the U.S. Department of Defense and the Institute for Defense Analyses. Alexandria is the highest-income independent city in Virginia.
The historic center of Alexandria is known as Old Town Alexandria, or simply "Old Town". With its concentration of boutiques, restaurants, antique shops and theaters, it is a major draw for city residents and visitors. Like Old Town, many Alexandria neighborhoods are compact and walkable. A large portion of adjacent Fairfax County, mostly south but also west of the city, has Alexandria mailing addresses. However, this area is under the jurisdiction of Fairfax County's government and separate from the independent city. The city is therefore sometimes referred to as the "City of Alexandria" to avoid confusion.
|
EN
|
Alexandria, Virginia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia
| 901
| null |
major employment sector alexandria include management consulting business finance office administrative support computer mathematical sale legal job alexandria concentrated city metrorail_station old_town north braddock_road area old_town carlyle eisenhower avenue station corridor west city
|
wichtig beschäftigungssektor alexandria zählen unternehmensberatung wirtschaft finanz verwaltungsunterstützung computer mathematik vertrieb rechtswissenschaft job alexandria stadt old_town north braddock_road bereich old_town carlyle nähe eisenhower avenue station korridor westseite stadt
|
EN_13_45
|
[
0.03225806451612903,
0.016129032258064516,
0,
0,
0,
0.03225806451612903,
0,
0.016129032258064516,
0,
0.04838709677419355,
0,
0.016129032258064516,
0,
0,
0,
0.03225806451612903,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0.03225806451612903,
0.24193548387096775,
0.5161290322580645,
0,
0.016129032258064516
] |
[
[
22,
0.5161290322580645
],
[
21,
0.24193548387096775
],
[
9,
0.04838709677419355
],
[
15,
0.03225806451612903
],
[
20,
0.03225806451612903
],
[
5,
0.03225806451612903
],
[
0,
0.03225806451612903
],
[
24,
0.016129032258064516
],
[
7,
0.016129032258064516
],
[
11,
0.016129032258064516
]
] | 22
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.