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66bb0c8b-648a-4c7c-a307-9da630c97e7b
_TNRtl1_XUo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNRtl1_XUo
_TNRtl1_XUo_251_523.mp4
[ 251, 523 ]
What anatomical structure is identified for preservation during dissection?
Lingual nerve.
{ "original": { "duration": 272, "frame_count": 8160, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
60aa9f25-3c93-4a8d-8831-aafd5475083b
_TNRtl1_XUo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNRtl1_XUo
_TNRtl1_XUo_251_523.mp4
[ 251, 523 ]
What is being ligated during the surgery?
Blood vessel.
{ "original": { "duration": 272, "frame_count": 8160, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
8a4e0f8d-9ee3-4917-8866-3dafdf8a04f9
_TNRtl1_XUo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNRtl1_XUo
_TNRtl1_XUo_251_523.mp4
[ 251, 523 ]
What nerve is identified below the gland?
Hypoglossal nerve.
{ "original": { "duration": 272, "frame_count": 8160, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
de03756e-0ae3-41b6-9dbf-a9e98a4386d4
_TNRtl1_XUo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNRtl1_XUo
_TNRtl1_XUo_251_523.mp4
[ 251, 523 ]
What technique is used to close the wound?
Subcuticular suture technique.
{ "original": { "duration": 272, "frame_count": 8160, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
80895bb8-8fa1-4b6b-9e99-64bc3f968c0f
_TNRtl1_XUo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TNRtl1_XUo
_TNRtl1_XUo_251_523.mp4
[ 251, 523 ]
What instrument is used to apply traction on the skin?
Skin hook.
{ "original": { "duration": 272, "frame_count": 8160, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
9f1dad88-04d3-440f-95aa-db6678cc2b45
df9apf88ZMk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9apf88ZMk
df9apf88ZMk_290_440.mp4
[ 290, 440 ]
How was the area tested for air leakage?
Positive pressure ventilation.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 8991, "fps": 59.94, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
1ef25812-e9dc-46b5-9dad-9c3750c0b109
df9apf88ZMk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9apf88ZMk
df9apf88ZMk_290_440.mp4
[ 290, 440 ]
What confirmed the bronchial patency?
No leaks or bubbles.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 8991, "fps": 59.94, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
4392c185-8f42-4445-8ad9-d4df828680a9
df9apf88ZMk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9apf88ZMk
df9apf88ZMk_290_440.mp4
[ 290, 440 ]
What was used to verify the optimal sealing of the fistula?
Fiber optic bronchoscopy.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 8991, "fps": 59.94, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
d89527c8-5a24-47bc-943d-bfb471d26dda
_VwmcnhQ-gE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VwmcnhQ-gE
_VwmcnhQ-gE_274_330.mp4
[ 274, 330 ]
What imaging technique is used to ensure perfusion of the ileostomy?
Fluorescence imaging.
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101bcf8f-6539-4fad-bc7a-fb3bb8ef122e
_VwmcnhQ-gE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VwmcnhQ-gE
_VwmcnhQ-gE_274_330.mp4
[ 274, 330 ]
What substance is used with fluorescence imaging in this procedure?
Indocyanine green.
{ "original": { "duration": 56.02268935602269, "frame_count": 1679, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1280, "height": 720 } } }
05fd9873-f49c-4f68-830d-558e8b52affa
_VwmcnhQ-gE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VwmcnhQ-gE
_VwmcnhQ-gE_274_330.mp4
[ 274, 330 ]
What anatomical structure is exposed for stoma creation?
Ileum.
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49d9ff4e-9bf6-4a31-ad43-32e6a1514254
_VwmcnhQ-gE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_VwmcnhQ-gE
_VwmcnhQ-gE_274_330.mp4
[ 274, 330 ]
What is confirmed to be mature in the video?
Ileostomy.
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55e487b0-1d07-46fd-9a4d-3214c5b790ed
qEKPz5zuDjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKPz5zuDjc
qEKPz5zuDjc_155_272.mp4
[ 155, 272 ]
What procedure is performed to prepare the area for liposuction?
Injection of local anesthetic.
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6bc90ad8-dc57-4936-a756-18eec649d796
qEKPz5zuDjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKPz5zuDjc
qEKPz5zuDjc_155_272.mp4
[ 155, 272 ]
What tool is used for taking the areola graft?
Cookie cutter tool.
{ "original": { "duration": 117.01701701701703, "frame_count": 3507, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
3b8031dd-5b77-4560-9d8f-52ed68b9b7e9
qEKPz5zuDjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKPz5zuDjc
qEKPz5zuDjc_155_272.mp4
[ 155, 272 ]
What shape is the marking for the areola graft?
Circular.
{ "original": { "duration": 117.01701701701703, "frame_count": 3507, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
84a1bb91-7ea5-4f0e-9a7f-6a19fc93bff2
qEKPz5zuDjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKPz5zuDjc
qEKPz5zuDjc_155_272.mp4
[ 155, 272 ]
What is the typical diameter of the cookie cutter tool used?
25 millimeters.
{ "original": { "duration": 117.01701701701703, "frame_count": 3507, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
a13f4547-a0ce-46b1-9112-0572679b2b37
qEKPz5zuDjc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEKPz5zuDjc
qEKPz5zuDjc_155_272.mp4
[ 155, 272 ]
What part of the body is visibly marked for grafting?
Areola.
{ "original": { "duration": 117.01701701701703, "frame_count": 3507, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
9dd6666e-e41b-46b5-90ca-8528ab63c6d9
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_8_158.mp4
[ 8, 158 ]
What type of breast reduction procedure is being performed?
Superior pedicle breast reduction.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 4500, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
104c22fe-69d3-428a-b6b3-71d2ac6a76d7
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_8_158.mp4
[ 8, 158 ]
Which specific area is de-epithelized first during the procedure?
Periareolar area.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 4500, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
53a50951-7c56-4c0c-8509-19816304c64c
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_8_158.mp4
[ 8, 158 ]
What type of scalpel is used for the tissue resections?
10-blade scalpel.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 4500, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
52844f35-4f2f-4ef5-8025-ee358df8e568
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_8_158.mp4
[ 8, 158 ]
What technique is used to achieve hemostasis during the procedure?
Electrocautery.
{ "original": { "duration": 150, "frame_count": 4500, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
096fb5bd-eeb0-40a0-9d56-0a352f067a89
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_8_158.mp4
[ 8, 158 ]
Where is the incision made in relation to the chest wall?
Parallel to the chest wall.
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8994f206-2517-4a27-be35-ebf23f4a0ef1
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What anatomical structure is the focus of the procedure?
Mesoappendix.
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d518fedf-e1a5-42be-b3fc-2d941b95469d
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What is inspected after ligating the mesoappendix?
Signs of bleeding.
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b5c7042e-1877-43e1-b2a7-688bb1ef3f04
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What instrument is applied to secure the base of the appendix?
Arterial clip.
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dd8b42f6-dcd0-4bb6-9711-bf5e0c238d24
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What approach is used when securing the base of the appendix?
Extra-mucosal approach.
{ "original": { "duration": 120, "frame_count": 3600, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1280, "height": 720 } } }
b7844088-5a8a-4af5-b583-45ffa13527ed
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What type of stitch is used to secure the base of the appendix?
Extra-mucosal stitch.
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30e66ca7-03fc-4fc6-9c3a-ff3046043ccf
xOq5T0WxNNg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOq5T0WxNNg
xOq5T0WxNNg_201_321.mp4
[ 201, 321 ]
What is the final step performed on the appendix in this procedure?
Excision.
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38804b00-b872-4c9d-97b6-a1ec0e80c9fe
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What is the main technique used to visualize the veins?
Duplex ultrasound.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
9c9cc364-a6fb-4611-af4a-0398b240f8d1
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What is the diameter of the main efferent vein?
7mm.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
a0f91601-1d3e-440d-a7b1-527742cbb827
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
Where are the vein diameters displayed on the screen?
Left lower corner.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
1715909e-ea5c-40f6-ae08-91fb87d40463
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What feature is observed between the main vein and accessory vein near the elbow?
Small connection.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
7da39b88-06f6-4d8f-8955-59f1bcfca74f
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What is the purpose of the small skip incisions?
To commence the procedure.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
ab91b99c-e907-42e5-a42b-7e7b04fb8074
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What type of suture is used to ligate side branches?
Proline sutures.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
48e86ae1-085e-4889-9352-e4abc9dd393a
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What happens to the arteriovenous fistula during the procedure?
It is clamped.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
20101415-ce73-40a8-97f3-72ec6f3bee01
-wm8RHfzTrc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wm8RHfzTrc
-wm8RHfzTrc_74_182.mp4
[ 74, 182 ]
What solution is used to flush the veins?
Heparin and saline solution.
{ "original": { "duration": 108, "frame_count": 2700, "fps": 25, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
64e9602b-fbc6-43c1-bae9-860c68f4cbda
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What duct is being treated in the procedure?
Wharton's duct.
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c7eb4e05-729b-4d05-93a8-25b66c915efd
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What is being done to ensure the duct's patency?
Melting Wharton's duct.
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8992ec9f-d847-4b58-9457-510be25f56c9
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What is observed with the duct blockage?
Purulence.
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9e72754d-15e7-4449-9191-6b518097a968
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What is performed to improve salivary flow?
Milking the gland.
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6733f954-280b-49cc-ae48-fa87149dd660
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What abnormal physical finding is associated with the gland during palpation?
Hardened gland.
{ "original": { "duration": 122.02202202202203, "frame_count": 3657, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
5663a7e8-f8ae-4d92-b910-561d7a13d62d
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What indicates previous stasis in the gland?
Backed-up saliva.
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221207af-62b4-4b6d-93fa-cc56571d3092
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What is confirmed by the procedure under the inferior border?
Patent salivary duct.
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bdf3964a-e5be-4b70-8d1a-58f4eabe2c97
884CY5zcTr4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=884CY5zcTr4
884CY5zcTr4_218_340.mp4
[ 218, 340 ]
What other duct is assessed besides the primary focus of the procedure?
Patient's right salivary duct.
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7987dc59-618d-4aa8-83b7-d2166372c45c
25jDNJwQnhc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25jDNJwQnhc
25jDNJwQnhc_197_359.mp4
[ 197, 359 ]
What type of suture material is being used?
Black silk.
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e5d82691-b54c-4e7d-b4ca-baeeb5231cf9
25jDNJwQnhc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25jDNJwQnhc
25jDNJwQnhc_197_359.mp4
[ 197, 359 ]
What surgical technique is used to secure the final stitch?
Mattress suture technique.
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36aec414-c08d-4327-8b2e-d95432726139
25jDNJwQnhc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25jDNJwQnhc
25jDNJwQnhc_197_359.mp4
[ 197, 359 ]
What is the visual indication that the first suture is constricting the area?
The area turns white.
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e91eb1d4-0941-4fed-9f6e-0d123b8662d7
25jDNJwQnhc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25jDNJwQnhc
25jDNJwQnhc_197_359.mp4
[ 197, 359 ]
What is the purpose of the first suture in this procedure?
To elevate the lesion.
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1288d6cc-aca0-4d7f-908a-2dfb5862b375
25jDNJwQnhc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25jDNJwQnhc
25jDNJwQnhc_197_359.mp4
[ 197, 359 ]
Which anatomical structures are avoided due to the uplifted lesion?
Sublingual gland, duct, and nerve.
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419ff3a8-74c5-4546-9fe8-ab10eb5271dd
LVMCtRCJibI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVMCtRCJibI
LVMCtRCJibI_570_722.mp4
[ 570, 722 ]
What is being traced first in the procedure?
Zygomatic branch.
{ "original": { "duration": 152.01868535201868, "frame_count": 4556, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
5099e172-e017-4ea0-8a1e-17b9c97b9782
LVMCtRCJibI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVMCtRCJibI
LVMCtRCJibI_570_722.mp4
[ 570, 722 ]
Which branches are revealed one by one in the procedure?
Marginal and cervical branches.
{ "original": { "duration": 152.01868535201868, "frame_count": 4556, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
9805dee0-958b-4fd5-bd77-d99163bda908
LVMCtRCJibI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVMCtRCJibI
LVMCtRCJibI_570_722.mp4
[ 570, 722 ]
What is maintained well throughout the procedure?
Hemostasis.
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4fa91c86-a3b5-479c-a658-0c9a1740c4c8
LVMCtRCJibI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVMCtRCJibI
LVMCtRCJibI_570_722.mp4
[ 570, 722 ]
What type of suture is used for the subcutaneous fat layer closure?
Vicryl.
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1bf8e654-82c2-49fc-8e63-a94815c220e6
LVMCtRCJibI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVMCtRCJibI
LVMCtRCJibI_570_722.mp4
[ 570, 722 ]
What outcome is expected in the immediate post-operative period?
Temporary neuropraxia.
{ "original": { "duration": 152.01868535201868, "frame_count": 4556, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
529f94ba-6f00-4b74-bf8e-f79bcb494b49
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
What muscle is retracted using Army-Navy retractors?
Mylohyoid muscle.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
a76ebf6a-60c8-4cf3-b783-353ac8084d42
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
Which nerve is identified during the procedure?
Lingual nerve.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
f7eaceca-24db-4da1-8753-87d89d1818d6
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
What is ligated in relation to the hypoglossal nerve?
Sacromotor fibers or ganglion.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
c521fc54-afd5-4843-a6b2-a3c5522c6665
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
What glandular structure is divided from the lingual nerve?
Mandibular gland.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
4389f061-a8bc-491f-b35d-86ffa0c98685
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
How is the submandibular gland's duct typically positioned during the procedure?
Surrounded by glandular tissue.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
bce1ab7c-b496-4f71-9bae-415d70360431
fPX7B2r_IiE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPX7B2r_IiE
fPX7B2r_IiE_181_369.mp4
[ 181, 369 ]
What is elevated to adjust the position as the patient's head is oriented downwards?
Platysmal flap.
{ "original": { "duration": 188, "frame_count": 5640, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
5d3bf857-dc7e-4236-acbb-b1f2604800b1
pbkOtT3Q2AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbkOtT3Q2AM
pbkOtT3Q2AM_284_562.mp4
[ 284, 562 ]
What area is being de-epithelialized?
Area surrounding the nose.
{ "original": { "duration": 278, "frame_count": 8340, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
8777340d-a3bf-4fce-9b95-0d78599733ea
pbkOtT3Q2AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbkOtT3Q2AM
pbkOtT3Q2AM_284_562.mp4
[ 284, 562 ]
Which specific veins are being preserved?
Veins of Holler.
{ "original": { "duration": 278, "frame_count": 8340, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
3096a5d6-e560-46ca-a75f-b76ca10283d6
pbkOtT3Q2AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbkOtT3Q2AM
pbkOtT3Q2AM_284_562.mp4
[ 284, 562 ]
What is requested to assist in the procedure?
Tape.
{ "original": { "duration": 278, "frame_count": 8340, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
c4ebfff1-d9c9-4eb9-afdc-fceef215351b
pbkOtT3Q2AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbkOtT3Q2AM
pbkOtT3Q2AM_284_562.mp4
[ 284, 562 ]
What is done to the tape before use?
Cutting.
{ "original": { "duration": 278, "frame_count": 8340, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
14509285-b0ac-4c60-8ccb-15e0ec03851c
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What instrument is used to make the incision in the aorta?
Number 15 blade.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
be7d19fd-3229-46ff-b024-5cab5064d617
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What type of sutures are used for the anastomosis?
4-0 Prolene sutures.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
418fde87-16b6-49fc-995f-5f6ec8afcd3e
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What surgical procedure involves the side-biting clamp?
Aorta dissection.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
265746a7-ab5c-475b-a7c2-dfc2490c475f
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What anatomical site is being prepared for the outflow graft anastomosis?
Aorta.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
2c38b8d2-25de-48d8-9e29-6b674297374e
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What motion is used to guide the inflow cannula?
Back-and-forth motion.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
edc456be-5997-4358-b866-2685bedd2ca6
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
Which ventricle demonstrates strong contractions?
Right ventricle.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
ba9f013c-4bed-41e7-b2db-732c228fc13e
I4r5_3uS0Nc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4r5_3uS0Nc
I4r5_3uS0Nc_430_563.mp4
[ 430, 563 ]
What additional material is used to fortify the anastomosis?
Autologous pericardial strip.
{ "original": { "duration": 133.03303303303304, "frame_count": 3987, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
9d47a8a0-b981-45cf-b08d-c5defd94e7a3
FyITRX3i1-o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyITRX3i1-o
FyITRX3i1-o_300_422.mp4
[ 300, 422 ]
What type of suture is used to secure the graft?
2-0 absorbable suture.
{ "original": { "duration": 122.02202202202203, "frame_count": 3657, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1280, "height": 720 } } }
d65cbe8f-b603-4f8c-9731-bafa83299da5
FyITRX3i1-o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyITRX3i1-o
FyITRX3i1-o_300_422.mp4
[ 300, 422 ]
What type of incision is closed during the procedure?
Vertical paravaginal incision.
{ "original": { "duration": 122.02202202202203, "frame_count": 3657, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1280, "height": 720 } } }
2b50e445-1d90-4eba-9b93-2fee69001c74
FyITRX3i1-o
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FyITRX3i1-o
FyITRX3i1-o_300_422.mp4
[ 300, 422 ]
What is left in place for pain relief after closing the incision?
Pain-relief drain.
{ "original": { "duration": 122.02202202202203, "frame_count": 3657, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1280, "height": 720 } } }
1e093eb6-cb7f-4c4b-a797-507b46c87548
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What incision is used to approach the abdomen?
Midline laparotomy.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
99bacd3c-1915-4406-9852-409630b4a447
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What instrument is used to seal and divide the mesenteric vessels?
Ligature.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
146b436d-d356-437e-b0bc-343330931621
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
How is the terminal ileum stapled and divided?
Just proximal to the ileocecal valve.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
b58fc760-6f82-4da0-8f79-b49b25465ac1
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What suture material is used to join the limbs of the small bowel?
3-0 Vicryl.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
acd901ed-060a-40bf-a648-89fef330e781
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What technique is used to mark the incision lines along each limb of the small bowel?
Diathermy.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
5c2ff3e0-80eb-4ebb-8d25-8a72b203494c
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What is checked for discrepancies during pouch formation?
Equal length of limbs.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
54e98462-c94e-4c8f-8a75-8e274e4d6f64
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
How are the anterior pouch walls formed?
By suturing the lateral edges of the first and third limbs.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
f206d9f7-abea-445d-bb22-7e1639b87e60
TZDe6rhoV2Y
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZDe6rhoV2Y
TZDe6rhoV2Y_24_244.mp4
[ 24, 244 ]
What is used to thin out mesenteric fat during the procedure?
Diathermy.
{ "original": { "duration": 220.02002002002004, "frame_count": 6594, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 718, "height": 480 } } }
4513058c-948e-470a-96d2-2091c7d203cc
vhqRrJJWmmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhqRrJJWmmg
vhqRrJJWmmg_30_157.mp4
[ 30, 157 ]
What type of surgery is being performed on the right breast?
Breast preservation surgery.
{ "original": { "duration": 127.02702702702703, "frame_count": 3807, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
cd982ce4-a067-4eeb-8348-507ec3bcbc19
vhqRrJJWmmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhqRrJJWmmg
vhqRrJJWmmg_30_157.mp4
[ 30, 157 ]
What technique is being used for the excision?
Split reduction technique.
{ "original": { "duration": 127.02702702702703, "frame_count": 3807, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
212ac8d4-6836-4a37-bf5a-44d2eb460a74
vhqRrJJWmmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhqRrJJWmmg
vhqRrJJWmmg_30_157.mp4
[ 30, 157 ]
What shape will the final scar have in the modified approach?
Z-shaped.
{ "original": { "duration": 127.02702702702703, "frame_count": 3807, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
82a411b6-c2fd-4d24-905a-5a7370c28ebf
vhqRrJJWmmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhqRrJJWmmg
vhqRrJJWmmg_30_157.mp4
[ 30, 157 ]
What type of intraoperative therapy is planned?
Intraoperative radiation therapy.
{ "original": { "duration": 127.02702702702703, "frame_count": 3807, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
6b8d9e31-493f-43a3-8985-f32508162eba
vhqRrJJWmmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhqRrJJWmmg
vhqRrJJWmmg_30_157.mp4
[ 30, 157 ]
What is the shape of the pattern used in the marking process for the reconstruction?
Keyhole marking for the areola.
{ "original": { "duration": 127.02702702702703, "frame_count": 3807, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 854, "height": 480 } } }
e1bbc114-37ab-4d26-8ebe-af0020ef7b0e
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
What direction is the initial dissection of the pedicle in relation to the chest wall?
Perpendicular.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
e815ac54-9650-4f05-8212-dcc069e6e11d
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
What is the thickness of the lateral flap being developed?
2 centimeters.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
f129bb3f-e634-4c72-aae3-df1826b30508
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
Which part of the breast is carved out initially during the parenchyma resection?
Axillary tail.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
1ce6429f-711b-4380-a558-2afe439d69d1
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
What surgical instrument is used to retract the dermis laterally?
Coker.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
585dde01-729b-42df-a0b0-d34b0c942d3b
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
What is the purpose of achieving hemostasis during the procedure?
Control bleeding.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
b8632eba-a36d-4bf1-b54a-53509cc7d76a
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
What part of the breast is resected after creating and undermining the medial flap?
Inferior portion of the parenchyma.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
fde73e7a-f613-4380-9cac-fecda9f223b6
CAd_n-qgRSI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAd_n-qgRSI
CAd_n-qgRSI_158_300.mp4
[ 158, 300 ]
Which pedicles are preserved during the procedure?
Central and superior pedicles.
{ "original": { "duration": 142, "frame_count": 4260, "fps": 30, "resolution": { "width": 640, "height": 480 } } }
5e7e50a1-8653-4910-8c3a-79f3b258fa00
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
What structure is preserved during the dissection of the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery?
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
39fd61a2-0f23-43eb-9923-3b9961dc9c52
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
What method is used to ligate the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery?
3-0 suture.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
06f4243b-4a5a-4759-875b-35347064fb72
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
What instrument is used to cut the ligament of the brain?
Bipolar electrosurgery.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
07986189-b795-401d-aecb-298165aa4634
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
What anatomical structure is identified within the tracheoesophageal groove?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
dae70172-7eb8-435a-aa16-3c76f85c5d72
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
Which artery is dissected and ligated close to the thyroid gland?
Inferior thyroid artery.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
51188a94-0d2c-415f-a882-ba9cca2d44bf
6RJrDVlR1sU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RJrDVlR1sU
6RJrDVlR1sU_312_456.mp4
[ 312, 456 ]
What instrument is used to incise the final attachment of the thyroid to the trachea?
Monopolar cautery.
{ "original": { "duration": 144.01067734401067, "frame_count": 4316, "fps": 29.97, "resolution": { "width": 1920, "height": 1080 } } }
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

SurgeryVideoQA : A surgical video understanding benchmark

Introduction

Publicly available biomedical videos, such as those on YouTube, serve as valuable educational resources for medical students. Unlike standard machine learning datasets, these videos are designed for human learners, often mixing medical imagery with narration, explanatory diagrams, and contextual framing. In this work, we investigate whether such pedagogically rich, yet non-standardized and heterogeneous videos can effectively teach general-domain vision-language models biomedical knowledge. To this end, we introduce OpenBiomedVid, a biomedical video instruction tuning dataset comprising 1031 hours of video-caption and Q/A pairs, curated through a multi-step human-in-the-loop pipeline. Diverse biomedical video datasets are rare, and OpenBiomedVid fills an important gap by providing instruction-style supervision grounded in real-world educational content. Surprisingly, despite the informal and heterogeneous nature of these videos, the fine-tuned Qwen-2-VL models exhibit substantial performance improvements across most benchmarks. The 2B model achieves gains of 98.7% on video tasks, 71.2% on image tasks, and 0.2% on text tasks. The 7B model shows improvements of 37.09% on video and 11.2% on image tasks, with a slight degradation of 2.7% on text tasks compared to their respective base models. To address the lack of standardized biomedical video evaluation datasets, we also introduce two new expert curated benchmarks, MIMICEchoQA and SurgeryVideoQA. On these benchmarks, the 2B model achieves gains of 99.1% and 98.1%, while the 7B model shows gains of 22.5% and 52.1%, respectively, demonstrating the models' ability to generalize and perform biomedical video understanding on cleaner and more standardized datasets than those seen during training. These results suggest that educational videos created for human learning offer a surprisingly effective training signal for biomedical VLMs.

⚠️ Notes on Video Access

  • We do not provide raw YouTube videos due to copyright.
  • You must download them separately for SurgeryVideoQA

More details on processing the dataset is provided in our Github.

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